title: Effects of probiotic inclusion levels in broiler nutrition on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma immunoglobulins, and cecal microflora composition.
abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of inclusion levels of a 5-bacterial species probiotic in broiler nutrition. Five hundred twenty-five 1-d-old male Cobb broilers were allocated in 5 experimental treatments for 6 wk. The experimental treatments received a corn-soybean coccidiostat-free basal diet and depending on the addition were labeled as follows: no addition (C), 10(8) cfu probiotic/kg of diet (P1), 10(9) cfu probiotic/kg of diet (P2), 10(10) cfu probiotic/kg of diet (P3), and 2.5 mg of avilamycin/kg of diet (A). Each treatment had 3 replicates of 35 broilers each. Treatment effects on broiler growth performance and biomarkers such as ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility, plasma Ig concentration, and cecal microflora composition were determined. Differences among treatments were considered significant when P < or = 0.05. Overall BW gain was significantly higher in treatment P1 (2,293 g) compared with P2 (2,163 g), C (2,165 g), and P3 (2,167 g), with A (2,230 g) being intermediate and not different from P1. Overall feed conversion ratio values were similar and significantly better for P1 (1.80) and A (1.80) compared with P2 (1.87), C (1.89), and P3 (1.92). Ileal apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of CP and ether extract were higher in A. Generally, treatments A and P1 showed an improved total tract ADC for DM, organic matter, ash, ether extract, and AME(n) values. The total tract ADC of CP was higher in P1, C, and P2. There were no differences between treatments regarding plasma Ig in 14- and 42-d-old broilers. Treatments P2 and P3 were effective at beneficially modulating cecal microflora composition. In particular, the lower cecal coliform concentration (log cfu/g of wet digesta) was seen in P2 (6.12) and P3 (4.90) in 14- and 42-d-old broilers, respectively, whereas at 42 d, P3 and P2 had the highest Bifidobacterium (8.31; 8.08) and Lactobacillus concentrations (8.20; 7.86), respectively. It is concluded that probiotic inclusion level had a significant effect on broiler growth responses, nutrient ADC, AME(n), and cecal microflora composition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Greece. kmountzouris@aua.gr
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Mountzouris
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsitrsikos
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Palamidi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arvaniti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohnl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schatzmayr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fegeros
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007136:Immunoglobulins