title: Evaluation of substituted N,N'-diarylsulfonamides as activators of the tumor cell specific M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase.
abstract: The metabolism of cancer cells is altered to support rapid proliferation. Pharmacological activators of a tumor cell specific pyruvate kinase isozyme (PKM2) may be an approach for altering the classic Warburg effect characteristic of aberrant metabolism in cancer cells yielding a novel antiproliferation strategy. In this manuscript, we detail the discovery of a series of substituted N,N'-diarylsulfonamides as activators of PKM2. The synthesis of numerous analogues and the evaluation of structure-activity relationships are presented as well as assessments of mechanism and selectivity. Several agents are found that have good potencies and appropriate solubility for use as chemical probes of PKM2 including 55 (AC(50) = 43 nM, maximum response = 84%; solubility = 7.3 microg/mL), 56 (AC(50) = 99 nM, maximum response = 84%; solubility = 5.7 microg/mL), and 58 (AC(50) = 38 nM, maximum response = 82%; solubility = 51.2 microg/mL). The small molecules described here represent first-in-class activators of PKM2.
authors.affiliation: NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370 Bethesda, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Boxer
authors.forename: Jian-kang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Matthew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Vander Heiden
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Amanda P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Skoumbourdis
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Southall
authors.forename: Henrike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Veith
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Leister
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: Hee Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inglese
authors.forename: Lewis C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cantley
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Auld
authors.forename: Craig J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries; D013449:Sulfonamides; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D008156:Luciferases; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase