title: Management of fecal incontinence in adults.
abstract: This article summarises the findings from the Conservative Management of Faecal Incontinence in Adults Committee of the International Consultation on Incontinence. We conducted comprehensive literature searches using the following keywords combined with the relevant intervention: "anal, anorectal, bowel, faecal, fecal, rectal, stool" and "continent$ or incontinent$," Prevalence etimates for faecal or anal incontinence vary widely, from 2.2% to 2.5%. Expert opinion supports the use of general health education, patient teaching about bowel function and advice on lifestyle modification, but the evidence base is small. Unlike urinary incontinence, few "lifestyle" associations have been identified with FI and little is known about whether interventions designed to reduce potential risk factors might improve FI. The article summarises the evidence and recommendations from the committee for clinical practice and future research.
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing & Midwifery, London, UK. christine.s.norton@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: D Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Bliss
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harari
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000592:standards; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000592:standards*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009938:Organizations; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents