title: Acute otitic barotrauma during hypobaric chamber training: prevalence and prevention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Barotitis media is known to be an adverse effect of altitude changes, but few studies have investigated this condition with respect to hypobaric chamber training and the resulting estimations of prevalence vary.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to assess the prevalence of hypobaric chamber-related barotitis and evaluate a method of prevention, 335 healthy military pilots undergoing high altitude training were subject to clinical examination and tympanometry before entering the chamber. In order to minimize the risk of barotrauma, only subjects with normal preflight findings were cleared for altitude exposure. Barotitis media was diagnosed on the basis of ear pain and clinical findings according to Teed's classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Barotitis occurred in eight subjects; seven cases were monolateral and one bilateral, prevalence was 2.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of barotitis after hypobaric chamber training is low in our study, suggesting that a pre-chamber medical check including clinical examination and tympanometry could be effective in identifying subjects at risk.
authors.affiliation: Italian Air Force Flight Test Center, Aerospace Medicine Department, Pomezia, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Landolfi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torchia
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Autore
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciniglio Appiani
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morgagni
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciniglio Appiani
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D001469:Barotrauma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018579:Patient Selection; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult