title: Neural correlates of verbal and nonverbal semantic integration in children with autism spectrum disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social-emotional, social-communicative, and language skills. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies have found that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) evidence abnormalities in semantic processing, with particular difficulties in verbal comprehension. However, it is not known whether these semantic deficits are confined to the verbal domain or represent a more general problem with semantic processing. The focus of the current study was to investigate verbal and meaningful nonverbal semantic processing in high-functioning children with autism (mean age = 5.8 years) using event-related potentials (ERPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  ERPs were recorded while children attended to semantically matching and mismatching picture-word and picture-environmental sound pairs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ERPs of typically developing children exhibited evidence of semantic incongruency detection in both the word and environmental sound conditions, as indexed by elicitation of an N400 effect. In contrast, children with ASD showed an N400 effect in the environmental sound condition but not in the word condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidence for a deficiency in the automatic activation of semantic representations in children with ASD, and suggest that this deficit is somewhat more selective to, or more severe in, the verbal than the nonverbal domain.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychology, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: McCleery
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ceponiene
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Burner
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Mikaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinnear
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schreibman
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D001245:Association Learning; D001307:Auditory Perception; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time; D012660:Semantics; D014705:Verbal Behavior