title: Inhibition of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase by beta-D-4-O-sulfo-N-acetylgalactosaminides bearing various hydrophobic aglycons.
abstract: N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase (GalNAc4S-6ST) transfers sulfate to position 6 of GalNAc(4SO4) residues of chondroitin sulfate to yield chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E). We have previously demonstrated that phenyl-beta-D-GalNAc(4SO4) could serve as an acceptor for GalNAc4S-6ST, thereby inhibiting GalNAc4S-6ST competitively. In this paper we compared the inhibitory effects of various glycosides in which various hydrophobic aglycons were attached to D-GalNAc(4SO4) via ss anomeric configuration. p-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-GalNAc(4SO4) and p-chlorophenyl-beta-D-GalNAc(4SO4) were stronger inhibitors than phenyl-beta-D-GalNAc(4SO4). Among inhibitors examined here, 3-estradiol-beta-D-GalNAc(4SO4) was the strongest inhibitor; the Ki of 3-estradiol-beta-D-GalNAc(4SO4) for the competitive inhibition was 0.008 mM, which was much lower than the Ki of phenyl-beta-D-GalNAc(4SO4), 0.98 mM. In contrast, 7-estradiol-beta-D-GalNAc(4SO4) showed only weak inhibition to GalNAc4S-6ST. 3-Estradiol-beta-D-GalNAc(4SO4) did not inhibit chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase and chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase under the concentration where GalNAc4S-6ST was inhibited by 90%. When 3-estradiol-beta-D-GalNAc(4SO4) was added to the culture medium of chondrosarcoma cells expressing human GalNAc4S-6ST, a significant, albeit small, reduction in the cellular synthesis of CS-E was observed. These results suggest that estradiol group of 3-estradiol-beta-D-GalNAc(4SO4) may enhance the inhibitory activity of the glycoside through increasing the affinity to the enzyme and may allow the glycosides to diffuse at a low efficiency into the cells to inhibit cellular synthesis of CS-E.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Aichi University of Education, Igaya-cho, Kariya, Aichi 448-8542, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomoyama
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Koutaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaio
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsukimori
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itakura
authors.forename: Shiori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohtake-Niimi
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Osami
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Habuchi
mesh_terms: D000116:Acetylgalactosamine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides; D013455:Sulfur; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; C416670:N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase; D015238:Sulfotransferases; D000116:Acetylgalactosamine