title: The natural 13C abundance of plasma glucose is a useful biomarker of recent dietary caloric sweetener intake.
abstract: There is a need for objective biomarkers of dietary intake, because self-reporting is often subject to bias. We tested the validity of a biomarker for the fraction of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) from cane sugar and high fructose corn syrup (C(4) sugars) using natural (13)C abundance of plasma glucose. In a randomized, single-blinded, crossover design, 5 participants consumed 3 weight-maintaining diets for 7 d, with a 2-wk washout between diet periods. Diets differed in the fraction of total CHO energy from C(4) sugars (5, 16, or 32%). During each diet period, blood samples were drawn at hours 0800 and 1600 on d 1, 3, and 5 and at 0800, 1000, 1200, 1400, and 1600 on d 7. The delta(13)C abundance of plasma glucose was analyzed via GC- isotope ratio MS. Within each diet period, delta(13)C abundance of the 0800 fasting glucose did not change from baseline with increasing time during a diet period; however, there was a strong positive correlation (R(2) = 0.89) between delta(13)C abundance of the glucose concentration at 1000 on d 7 and the percent of breakfast CHO from C(4) sugars. Also, delta(13)C abundance of the combined plasma glucose samples on d 7 demonstrated a strong positive correlation (R(2) = 0.90) with the percent of total daily CHO from C(4) sugars. The natural delta(13)C abundance of postprandial plasma glucose relative to dietary C(4) CHO content was a valid biomarker for contributions of C(4) caloric sweeteners from the previous meal.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Science, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Chad M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Alvig
authors.forename: Yu Qiu David
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dale A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schoeller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period; D031786:Saccharum; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D055815:Young Adult; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D019422:Dietary Sucrose