title: Prevalence of and risk factors for low bone mineral density in Japanese female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: To examine the prevalence of and risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) (osteoporosis or osteopenia) in Japanese female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We performed BMD measurements by dual X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine and the hip and collected basic and lifestyle-related, clinical and treatment characteristics among 58 SLE patients. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed for associations between low BMD and selected factors among SLE patients. The mean BMD ± SD was 0.90 ± 0.17 g/cm(2) at the lumbar spine and 0.76 ± 0.17 g/cm(2) at the hip. The prevalence of osteopenia (2.5 SD < T score < 1 SD) was 50.0% and that of osteoporosis (T score < 2.5 SD) was 13.8% in our SLE patients. After adjustment for age and disease duration, we found the number of deliveries (OR = 5.58, 95% CI = 1.31-26.06; P = 0.02) to be a risk factor for overall low BMD (T score < 1 SD) and a maximal dosage of >50 mg/day of oral corticosteroids (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.07-0.91; P = 0.035) as a preventive factor for low BMD at the lumbar spine. Reduced BMD, especially in spinal trabecular bone, was pronounced in Japanese female patients with SLE, particular in those with a history of delivery. A history of high-dose oral corticosteroids was associated with the preservation of BMD at the lumbar spine, however, further study is needed considering the limited sample size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Makio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitoma
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimoto
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.forename: Misato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oryoji
authors.forename: Terufumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires