title: Photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid in actinic cheilitis: an 18-month clinical and histological follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Actinic cheilitis (AC) may bear the initial and superficial changes of actinically induced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and may progress into fully developed SCCs. Early and effective treatment is important.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the clinical and histological long-term outcome in AC after two ALA-PDT sessions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with histologically proven grade 1 and 2 AC received two ALA-PDT sessions at 2 weeks interval. Subjects with complete clinical response at 3 months were evaluated further clinically and histologically at months 6, 12 and 18. Long-term study outcome was defined as clinical and histological AC recurrence among patients with complete clinical response 3 months after treatment. Cosmetic outcome was assessed by the investigators at the final follow-up visit at 18 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 40 patients enrolled, 38 completed the study. Complete clinical response at 3 months was achieved in 26 patients. At 6 months, clinical and histological recurrence occurred in three patients and at 12 months, one more patient showed clinical and histological recurrence. At 18 months, overall clinical recurrence rate was 15.38% (4/26), while overall histological recurrence rate was 34.61% (9/26). Cosmetic outcome was rated as excellent in more than 80% of evaluated cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDT represents a moderately effective treatment modality in AC. Optimization of treatment procedure and protocols is still needed for higher response rates to be achieved. Moreover, the high treatment cost should be given consideration. Further long-term follow-up studies are needed for assessment of clinical and histological very late recurrences that could be expected after PDT.
authors.affiliation: First Dermatology Department, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece. elenasotiriou@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sotiriou
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Apalla
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chovarda
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panagiotidou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ioannides
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002613:Cheilitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid