title: Waterpipe tobacco smoking: an emerging health crisis in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence and potential health risks of waterpipe tobacco smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review was performed to compile information relating to waterpipe tobacco smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in prevalence worldwide; in the United States, 10-20% of some young adult populations are current waterpipe users. Depending on the toxicant measured, a single waterpipe session produces the equivalent of at least 1 and as many as 50 cigarettes. Misconceptions about waterpipe smoke content may lead users to underestimate health risks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inclusion of waterpipe tobacco smoking in tobacco control activities may help reduce its spread.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Wasim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maziak
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shihadeh
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eissenberg
mesh_terms: D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000032:analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D013593:Syria / Q000453:epidemiology; D013638:Tars / Q000032:analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D013638:Tars; C024746:tobacco tar; D009538:Nicotine; D002248:Carbon Monoxide