title: Normative data for the 12 item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) measures disability due to health conditions including diseases, illnesses, injuries, mental or emotional problems, and problems with alcohol or drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 12 Item WHODAS 2.0 was used in the second Australian Survey of Mental Health and Well-being. We report the overall factor structure and the distribution of scores and normative data (means and SDs) for people with any physical disorder, any mental disorder and for people with neither.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A single second order factor justifies the use of the scale as a measure of global disability. People with mental disorders had high scores (mean 6.3, SD 7.1), people with physical disorders had lower scores (mean 4.3, SD 6.1). People with no disorder covered by the survey had low scores (mean 1.4, SD 3.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The provision of normative data from a population sample of adults will facilitate use of the WHODAS 2.0 12 item scale in clinical and epidemiological research.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, School of Psychiatry, UNSW at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia. gavina@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sunderland
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Von Korff
authors.forename: Tevik Bedirhan
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Ustun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014944:World Health Organization; D055815:Young Adult