title: Oral hygiene and periodontal status of hemodialyzed patients with chronic renal failure in Qazvin, Iran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the oral health and gingival status of individual's undergoing renal diialysis in Qazvin province.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty Iranian patients on hemodialysis participated in the study, and were divided into three subgroups of the population were studies: 1) those who have been on renal dialysis for less than one year; 2) those on renal dialysis for 1 to 3 years; and 3) those on renal dialysis for longer than 3 years. Four dental indices: the debris index (DI); the calculus index (CI); the plaque index (PI) and the gingival index (GI) were used. Data were compiled and analyzed by using 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of study showed a 100% (n=180) of the individuals undergoing renal dialysis presented prevalence of mild to moderate gingivitis among the studied population. The mean of debris index were 1.65, 2.07, and 2.15, with SD +/- 0.67, 0.47 and 0.48 respectively for the subgroups. The means of plaque index were 1.72, 2.16 and 2.26, with SD +/- 0.64, 036 and 0.42 respectively for the revealed groups. The means of calculus index were 1.58, 2.02 and 2.09, with SD +/- 0.58, 0.28 and 0.39 respectively for the subgroups. The means of gingival index were 1.43, 2.97 and 2.06 with SD +/- 0.67, 0.38 and 0.35 for the subgroups respectively. Turkey's post hoc test showed significant difference in all indices between the 1st and 2nd subgroups, and between the 1st and 3rd subgroups, while no significant difference was found between 2nd and 3rd subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that periodontal it was concluded that periodontal disease is prevalent in renal dialysis patients who showed unacceptable level of oral hygiene and which may increase with the chronicity of the illness. Findings led to the conclusion that the renal dialysis population in Qazvin Province, regardless of length of time on dialysis, is in need of comprehensive professional oral care and self-care instruction. Oral disease was present and is a source of active infection in these medically compromised individuals and, as such, has dire implication for morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics & Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran. jhamissi@qums.ac.ir
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamissi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Porsamimi
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Naseh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mosalaei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003728:Dental Calculus; D017742:Dental Care for Chronically Ill; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D009911:Oral Hygiene Index; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D012648:Self Care