title: Longitudinal observation of a sample of German drug consumption facility clients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed at investigating whether attendance of a drug consumption facility (DCF) was associated with both a reduction of drug-associated at-risk behavior and referral to the health care treatment system.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 129 consecutive clients out of those 256 who self-referred to the DCF during the 13-month observation period (i.e., from November 2002 to December 2003) was interviewed both at baseline and at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. Subjects were repeatedly assessed using a structured approach based on both the European Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI) and the Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Suchtforschung und Therapie (DG-Sucht).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Typical DCF clients were males, in their early 30s, single, with no vocational training, and with a long history of injectable opiate addiction in the context of polydrug misuse. A recent discharge from prison was recorded in 37% of cases. Median length of DCF attendance was of 5 weeks; 22% of clients attended for less than 1 week. Although with respect to the period previous to recruitment at-risk behavior rates remained unchanged, by the 3-month follow-up 13 (10%) clients out of those 129 who had initially enrolled had taken advantage of the DCF counseling opportunities. Some 37% of clients were referred on to start a methadone treatment following their DCF experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DCF attendance was not associated with reduction in at-risk behavior over time, but a need was here identified for additional intervention to be available in the DCF to address clients' psychosocial issues. Limitations of the present study include both issues related to the representativeness of the sample of clients here recruited and the lack of a control/comparison group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scherbaum
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Specka
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schifano
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bombeck
authors.forename: Bärbel
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marrziniak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003376:Counseling; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010361:Patients; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012309:Risk-Taking; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome