title: Sustained gamma-band EEG following negative words in depression and schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sustained and elaborative emotional information processing in depression and decreased affective elaboration in schizophrenia are considered hallmarks of these disorders but have not been directly measured. Gamma-band (35-45 Hz) EEG has been associated with semantic functions such as feature binding and may index these elaborative processing. This study examined whether there were group differences in baseline and sustained gamma-band EEG following emotional stimuli in healthy adults as well as adults with depression and schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  24 never-depressed healthy controls, 14 patients with DSM-IV unipolar major depressive disorder, and 15 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia completed a lexical emotion identification task during EEG assessment. Gamma-band (35-45 Hz) EEG in response to negative words was the primary dependent measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As predicted, depressed individuals displayed sustained and increased gamma-band EEG throughout the task, and particularly in the seconds following negative words. Individuals with schizophrenia displayed decreased gamma-band activity throughout the task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that gamma-band EEG, measured over several seconds, may serve as a useful index of sustained semantic information processing. Depressed individuals appear to engage in sustained elaboration following emotional stimuli, whereas individuals with schizophrenia are not as prone to this type of elaborative processing.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. gsiegle@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Greg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Siegle
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Condray
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Thase
authors.forename: Matcheri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keshavan
authors.forename: Stuart R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Steinhauer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires