title: Diabetic retinopathy is associated with visceral fat accumulation in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
abstract: The presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and increased of visceral fat accumulation (VFA) are associated with high mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This preliminary study was therefore designed to test the hypothesis that DR is associated with insulin resistance and VFA in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without insulin treatment. A total of 102 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were divided into 2 groups: DR group (age, 60 +/- 6 years [mean +/- SD]; n = 31) and no diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group (59 +/- 5 years, n = 71). The level of blood glucose was assessed by fasting plasma glucose, fasting immunoreactive insulin, homeostasis model assessment index, and hemoglobin A(1c). The fat distribution was evaluated by measuring the VFA by abdominal computed tomography at the umbilical level. The body mass index and waist circumference were higher in the DR group than in the NDR group (P < .001 and P < .0005, respectively). Plasma levels of triglyceride were higher, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower, in the DR group than in the NDR group (P < .005 and P < .0001, respectively). Fasting plasma glucose (P < .0005), insulin concentrations (P < .0001), homeostasis model assessment index (P < .0001), and VFA (P < .0001) levels were higher in the DR group than in the NDR group. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that DR was independently predicted by high VFA and insulin resistance. The results of this preliminary study indicate that the presence of DR was associated with high VFA and insulin resistance in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Oita Red Cross Hospital, Oita 870-0033, Japan. anan-f@med.oita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anan
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umeno
authors.forename: Nobuoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eshima
authors.forename: Tetsunori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saikawa
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshimatsu
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014527:Uric Acid