title: Improved hydrophilic interaction chromatography LC/MS of heparinoids using a chip with postcolumn makeup flow.
abstract: Heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin are linear, heterogeneous carbohydrates of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) family that are modified by N-acetylation, N-sulfation, O-sulfation, and uronic acid epimerization. HS interacts with growth factors in the extracellular matrix, thereby modulating signaling pathways that govern cell growth, development, differentiation, proliferation, and adhesion. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-chip-based hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry has emerged as a method for analyzing the domain structure of GAGs. However, analysis of highly sulfated GAG structures decasaccharide or larger in size has been limited by spray instability in the negative-ion mode. This report demonstrates that addition of postcolumn makeup flow to the amide-HPLC-chip configuration permits robust and reproducible analysis of extended GAG domains (up to degree of polymerization 18) from HS and heparin. This platform provides quantitative information regarding the oligosaccharide profile, degree of sulfation, and nonreducing chain termini. It is expected that this technology will enable quantitative, comparative glycomics profiling of extended GAG oligosaccharide domains of functional interest.
authors.affiliation: Mass Spectrometry Resource, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Staples
authors.forename: Hicham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naimy
authors.forename: Hongfeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kileen
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kraiczek
authors.forename: Catherine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zaia
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D054794:Glycomics / Q000379:methods*; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry; D006496:Heparinoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D006493:Heparin; D006496:Heparinoids; D006497:Heparan Sulfate