title: Mechanisms of epigenetic silencing of the Rassf1a gene during estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis in ACI rats.
abstract: Breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women, emerges through a multistep process, encompassing the progressive sequential evolution of morphologically distinct stages from a normal cell to hyperplasia (with and without atypia), carcinoma in situ, invasive carcinoma and metastasis. The success of treatment of breast cancer could be greatly improved by the detection at early stages of cancer. In the present study, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in breast carcinogenesis in Augustus and Copenhagen-Irish female rats, a cross between the ACI strains, induced by continuous exposure to 17beta-estradiol. The results of our study demonstrate that early stages of estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis are characterized by altered global DNA methylation, aberrant expression of proteins responsible for the proper maintenance of DNA methylation pattern and epigenetic silencing of the critical Rassf1a (Ras-association domain family 1, isoform A) tumor suppressor gene. Interestingly, transcriptional repression of the Rassf1a gene in mammary glands during early stages of breast carcinogenesis was associated with an increase in trimethylation of histones H3 lysine 9 and H3 lysine 27 and de novo CpG island methylation and at the Rassf1a promoter and first exon. In conclusion, we demonstrate that epigenetic alterations precede formation of preneoplastic lesions indicating the significance of epigenetic events in induction of oncogenic pathways in early stages of carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors.forename: Athena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Starlard-Davenport
authors.forename: Volodymyr P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Tryndyak
authors.forename: Smitha R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Adam R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Karpf
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Latendresse
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Beland
authors.forename: Igor P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Pogribny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004958:Estradiol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D000076983:Histone Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D011912:Rats, Inbred ACI; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D004958:Estradiol; D000076983:Histone Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase