title: Spinal needle design and size affect the incidence of postdural puncture headache in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In adults, pencil point spinal needles are known to be less traumatic and hence to be superior compared with cutting point needles in respect of postpuncture complications. In children, only a few trials have evaluated the difference in the incidence of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) using spinal needles with different tip designs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate and the incidence of PDPH and backache following spinal anesthesia (SA) with the two types of needles currently in use for children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study of prospectively collected data. The success rate and postpuncture complications of 26G cutting point (Atraucan) spinal needle were compared with 27G pencil point (Pencan) spinal needle in 414 children aged 2-17 years undergoing surgery with SA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both needles had similar first-attempt success rates: 87% in the cutting point group and 91% in the pencil point group (P = 0.16). Pencil point needles caused less PDPH compared to cutting point needles; 0.4% vs 4.5%, respectively (P = 0.005). Both needles caused similar backache (P = 0.08). No severe neurologic symptom was reported for both needles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that 27G pencil point spinal needles lead to less PDPH compared to 26G cutting point spinal needles in children.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. sapiliogullari@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Seza
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Apiliogullari
authors.forename: Ates
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duman
authors.forename: Funda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gok
authors.forename: Isak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akillioglu
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000293:Adolescent; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001416:Back Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D017217:Blood Patch, Epidural; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D009339:Needles; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D051299:Post-Dural Puncture Headache / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011187:Posture; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia