title: Embryonic stem cell tumor model reveals role of vascular endothelial receptor tyrosine phosphatase in regulating Tie2 pathway in tumor angiogenesis.
abstract: Inhibiting angiogenesis has become an effective approach for treating cancer and other diseases. However, our understanding of signaling pathways in tumor angiogenesis has been limited by the embryonic lethality of many gene knockouts. To overcome this limitation, we used the plasticity of embryonic stem (ES) cells to develop a unique approach to study tumor angiogenesis. Murine ES cells can be readily manipulated genetically; in addition, ES cells implanted subcutaneously in mice develop into tumors that contain a variety of cell types (teratomas). We show that ES cells differentiate into bona fide endothelial cells within the teratoma, and that these ES-derived endothelial cells form part of the functional tumor vasculature. Using this powerful and flexible system, the Angiopoietin/Tie2 system is shown to have a key role in the regulation of tumor vessel size. Endothelial differentiation in the ES teratoma model allows gene-targeting methods to be used in the study of tumor angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Regeneron Research Laboratories, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boland
authors.forename: Melissa G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burfeind
authors.forename: Ka-Man
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Hsin-Chieh
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Nicholas W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: Wojtek
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Auerbach
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Yancopoulos
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thurston
mesh_terms: D042682:Angiopoietins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2; D054631:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 3 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013724:Teratoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D042682:Angiopoietins; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2; C079086:Tek protein, mouse; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D054631:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 3