The difference between integration and collaboration in patient care: results from key informant interviews working in multiprofessional health care teams.
OBJECTIVE
Despite the growing interest in integrative health care, collaborative care, and interdisciplinary health care teams, there appears to be little consistency in terminology and clarity regarding the goal for these teams, other than "working together" for the good of the patients. The purpose of this study was to explore what the terms integration and collaboration mean for practitioners and other key informants working in multiprofessional health care teams, with a specific look at chiropractic and family physician teams in primary care settings.


METHODS
Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 key informants until saturation was obtained in the key emerging themes. All interviews were audiorecorded, and the transcripts were coded using qualitative content analysis.


RESULTS
Most participants differentiated collaboration from integration. They generally described a model of professions working closely together (ie, collaborating) in the delivery of care but not subsumed into a single organizational framework (ie, integration). Our results suggest that integration requires collaboration as a precondition but collaboration does not require integration.


CONCLUSIONS
Collaboration and integration should not be used interchangeably. A critical starting point for any new interdisciplinary team is to articulate the goals of the model of care.
Boon
Heather S
HS
Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. heather.boon@utoronto.ca
Mior
Silvano A
SA
Barnsley
Jan
J
Ashbury
Fredrick D
FD
Haig
Robert
R
D000529:Complementary Therapies; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D005791:Patient Care; D010348:Patient Care Team