title: Metabolic syndrome risk factors and estimated glomerular filtration rate among children and adolescents.
abstract: The aim of this study was to seek the possible relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) and anthropometric indexes, lipids, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic syndrome risk factors among healthy children and adolescents. Sufficient evidence suggest that obesity is related with a novel form of glomerulopathy named obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) among adults, children, and adolescents. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated from serum creatinine in 166 healthy children and adolescents [79 males, 87 females; age 10.6 +/- 3.3 (3-18) years]. Anthropometric indexes and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Fasting insulin, glucose, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and triglycerides were estimated. Insulin sensitivity was estimated from known formulas. The presence of certain metabolic syndrome risk factors was checked among the studied population. Boys showed higher e-GFR rates than girls (f = 8.49, p = 0.004). We found a strong positive correlation between e-GFR and body weight (r = 0.415), body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.28), waist circumference (r = 0.419), hip circumference (r = 0.364), birth weight (r = 0.164), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r = 0.305), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (r = 0.207). A negative correlation was found between e-GFR and fasting glucose (r = -0.19), total cholesterol (r = -0.27) and LDL-cholesterol (r = -0.26). Clustering of metabolic syndrome risk factors among certain individuals was correlated with higher e-GFR rates (f = 3.606, p = 0.007). The results of this study suggest that gender, anthropometric indexes, and SBP are strong positive determinants of e-GFR among children and adolescents. Waist circumference is the most powerful determinant of e-GFR. Fasting glucose and lipid abnormalities are negative determinants of e-GFR among the studied population. Clustering of metabolic syndrome risk factors is coupled with higher e-GFR rates.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department and Biochemical Laboratory, General Hospital of Corfu, Spirou Rath 41, TK 49 100, Corfu, Greece. koulef@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Efstathios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koulouridis
authors.forename: Kostantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Georgalidis
authors.forename: Ioulia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kostimpa
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koulouridis
authors.forename: Angeliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krokida
authors.forename: Despina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Houliara
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat; D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D018149:Glucose Intolerance; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL