title: RNA-interference knockdown of Drosophila pigment dispersing factor in neuronal subsets: the anatomical basis of a neuropeptide's circadian functions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In animals, neuropeptide signaling is an important component of circadian timekeeping. The neuropeptide pigment dispersing factor (PDF) is required for several aspects of circadian activity rhythms in Drosophila.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we investigate the anatomical basis for PDF's various circadian functions by targeted PDF RNA-interference in specific classes of Drosophila neuron. We demonstrate that PDF is required in the ventro-lateral neurons (vLNs) of the central brain and not in the abdominal ganglion for normal activity rhythms. Differential knockdown of PDF in the large or small vLNs indicates that PDF from the small vLNs is likely responsible for the maintenance of free-running activity rhythms and that PDF is not required in the large vLNs for normal behavior. PDF's role in setting the period of free-running activity rhythms and the proper timing of evening activity under light:dark cycles emanates from both subtypes of vLN, since PDF in either class of vLN was sufficient for these aspects of behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results reveal the neuroanatomical basis PDF's various circadian functions and refine our understanding of the clock neuron circuitry of Drosophila.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America. oshafer@umich.edu
authors.forename: Orie T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Shafer
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Taghert
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003624:Darkness; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009479:Neuropeptides; D034622:RNA Interference
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; C113883:pdf protein, Drosophila