title: Low life course socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with negative NEO PI-R personality patterns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with poor health. One potential pathway accounting for this relationship may be an association between low SES and personality characteristics that affect health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Associations among parent's education, current SES (education and income), and personality were examined among 233 African Americans and Caucasian, male and female community volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to model neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness simultaneously, participant's education, household income, and father's and mother's education each had significant main effects on personality. When examining the life course--the combination of both current and childhood SES--distinctive patterns emerged for each domain, depending upon whether mother's or father's education was used to index childhood SES. When using mother's education as a childhood SES index, a high life course SES (high participant's SES/high mother's education) was associated with high extraversion and openness. Using father's education as a childhood SES index, a low life course SES (low participant's SES/low father's education) was associated with disproportionately high neuroticism and low conscientiousness. These effects did not differ by race or sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implications of these findings for the role of personality in the SES-health relationship are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jonassaint
authors.forename: Ilene C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Siegler
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Barefoot
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Redford B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires