title: Making stillbirths count, making numbers talk - issues in data collection for stillbirths.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stillbirths need to count. They constitute the majority of the world's perinatal deaths and yet, they are largely invisible. Simply counting stillbirths is only the first step in analysis and prevention. From a public health perspective, there is a need for information on timing and circumstances of death, associated conditions and underlying causes, and availability and quality of care. This information will guide efforts to prevent stillbirths and improve quality of care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this report, we assess how different definitions and limits in registration affect data capture, and we discuss the specific challenges of stillbirth registration, with emphasis on implementation. We identify what data need to be captured, we suggest a dataset to cover core needs in registration and analysis of the different categories of stillbirths with causes and quality indicators, and we illustrate the experience in stillbirth registration from different cultural settings. Finally, we point out gaps that need attention in the International Classification of Diseases and review the qualities of alternative systems that have been tested in low- and middle-income settings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obtaining high-quality data will require consistent definitions for stillbirths, systematic population-based registration, better tools for surveys and verbal autopsies, capacity building and training in procedures to identify causes of death, locally adapted quality indicators, improved classification systems, and effective registration and reporting systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. frederik.froen@fhi.no
authors.forename: J Frederik
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Frøen
authors.forename: Sanne J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gordijn
authors.forename: Hany
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abdel-Aleem
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergsjø
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Betran
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Duke
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fauveau
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Flenady
authors.forename: Sven Gudmund
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hinderaker
authors.forename: G Justus
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hofmeyr
authors.forename: Abdul Hakeem
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Jokhio
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lawn
authors.forename: Pisake
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lumbiganon
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merialdi
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pattinson
authors.forename: Anuraj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shankar
mesh_terms: D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D011247:Pregnancy; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology*