title: Radiofrequency ablation of facial nerve branches controlling glabellar frowning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperdynamic activity of the corrugator supercilii and procerus muscles causes glabellar furrows. Recently, a novel radiofrequency device has become available that can effectively ablate the efferent nerves controlling corrugator and procerus contraction, producing clinical results that are similar to those of botulinum toxin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy, longevity of effect, and side effects of the radiofrequency ablation device in the treatment of hyperdynamic glabellar furrows.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four probe entry points were used to access branches of the temporal and angular nerves. Seven and two ablations, respectively, were delivered to each temporal branch and angular nerve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine patients underwent bilateral radiofrequency ablation of temporal branches of the facial nerve and the angular nerves. Abrogation of glabellar furrowing was achieved in 90% of patients. No major adverse events were observed. All patients developed mild to moderate swelling, and nine patients (31%) developed purpura in the treated areas. Sixty-nine percent of patients had effects that lasted 4 months or longer, 41% had effects that lasted 6 months or longer, and 10% had effects lasting longer than 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiofrequency ablation of efferent branches of the temporal and angular nerves effectively eliminates corrugator and procerus contraction and concomitant glabellar furrowing.
authors.affiliation: Central Florida Dermatology and Skin Cancer Center, Winter Haven, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: K Wade
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Edgar F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Fincher
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Moy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015595:Skin Aging