title: Biomarkers in peripheral arterial disease.
abstract: Patients who have peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have a high incidence of cardiac morbidity and mortality. There have been numerous biomarkers described to assess cardiovascular risk, but few are part of routine clinical practice. Currently, the key biomarkers that improve risk stratification in patients with PAD are cardiac troponins, C-reactive protein, and B-type natriuretic peptide. Recent advances in descriptive proteomics will offer future potential for biomarker discovery. However, it is essential that new markers are translated into tools for patient care. This review examines the potential biomarkers that improve cardiovascular risk stratification in PAD and avenues for future studies.
authors.affiliation: Leeds Vascular Institute, The General Infirmary at Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Ravinder S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vohra
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.forename: Kashif
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.forename: Sreenivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ponnambalam
authors.forename: Shervanthi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Homer-Vanniasinkam
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003935:Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular; D006801:Humans; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D040901:Proteomics; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers