title: Immunolocalisation of fibrin in coronary atherosclerosis: implications for necrotic core development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraplaque haemorrhage has been shown to be important in necrotic core enlargement. Immunolocalisation of fibrin within progressive stages of plaque progression has not been extensively studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histological sections (n = 74) of human coronary arteries were stained immunohistochemically for fibrin II, red blood cell antigen (glycophorin A), and CD31. Plaques were chosen to represent a range of lesions [6 adaptive intimal thickening, AIT (AHA grade I); 4 intimal xanthomas (AHA grade II), 19 pathologic intimal thickening, PIT (AHA grade III, or pre-atheroma); 34 fibroatheromas, FA (AHA grade IV and V); and 11 thin cap fibroatheromas (TCFA, AHA grade IV)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibrin was generally absent in the intima of AIT and PIT, with moderate staining in cores of early FA (2.6 +/- 0.3). All late FA and TCFA demonstrated intracore fibrin, with mean scores of 2.9 +/- 0.3 and 3.0 +/- 0.3, respectively. Intimal vasa vasorum counts increased with intimal fibrin score (p < 0.0001); in 68% of cores with fibrin staining, there was minimal or no evidence of red cell breakdown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fibrin in necrotic cores is present proportional to intraplaque vasa vasorum and before red cells, suggesting leakage of vessels before frank intraplaque haemorrhage. Fibrin may play a role in the bridge between pre-atheroma and atheroma.
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tavora
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cresswell
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ripple
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005337:Fibrin