title: Xylem ionic relations and salinity tolerance in barley.
abstract: Control of ion loading into the xylem has been repeatedly named as a crucial factor determining plant salt tolerance. In this study we further investigate this issue by applying a range of biophysical [the microelectrode ion flux measurement (MIFE) technique for non-invasive ion flux measurements, the patch clamp technique, membrane potential measurements] and physiological (xylem sap and tissue nutrient analysis, photosynthetic characteristics, stomatal conductance) techniques to barley varieties contrasting in their salt tolerance. We report that restricting Na(+) loading into the xylem is not essential for conferring salinity tolerance in barley, with tolerant varieties showing xylem Na(+) concentrations at least as high as those of sensitive ones. At the same time, tolerant genotypes are capable of maintaining higher xylem K(+)/Na(+) ratios and efficiently sequester the accumulated Na(+) in leaves. The former is achieved by more efficient loading of K(+) into the xylem. We argue that the observed increases in xylem K(+) and Na(+) concentrations in tolerant genotypes are required for efficient osmotic adjustment, needed to support leaf expansion growth. We also provide evidence that K(+)-permeable voltage-sensitive channels are involved in xylem loading and operate in a feedback manner to maintain a constant K(+)/Na(+) ratio in the xylem sap.
authors.affiliation: School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Sergey.Shabala@utas.edu.au
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shabala
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shabala
authors.forename: Tracey A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Cuin
authors.forename: Jiayin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Percey
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Conn
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eing
authors.forename: Lars H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Wegner
mesh_terms: D005838:Genotype; D001467:Hordeum / Q000502:physiology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008839:Microelectrodes; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D054712:Salinity; D055051:Salt-Tolerant Plants / Q000502:physiology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D052584:Xylem / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium