title: Loss of dermatan-4-sulfotransferase 1 function results in adducted thumb-clubfoot syndrome.
abstract: Adducted thumb-clubfoot syndrome is an autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by typical facial appearance, wasted build, thin and translucent skin, congenital contractures of thumbs and feet, joint instability, facial clefting, and coagulopathy, as well as heart, kidney, or intestinal defects. We elucidated the molecular basis of the disease by using a SNP array-based genome-wide linkage approach that identified distinct homozygous nonsense and missense mutations in CHST14 in each of four consanguineous families with this disease. The CHST14 gene encodes N-acetylgalactosamine 4-O-sulfotransferase 1 (D4ST1), which catalyzes 4-O sulfation of N-acetylgalactosamine in the repeating iduronic acid-alpha1,3-N-acetylgalactosamine disaccharide sequence to form dermatan sulfate. Mass spectrometry of glycosaminoglycans from a patient's fibroblasts revealed absence of dermatan sulfate and excess of chondroitin sulfate, showing that 4-O sulfation by CHST14 is essential for dermatan sulfate formation in vivo. Our results indicate that adducted thumb-clubfoot syndrome is a disorder resulting from a defect specific to dermatan sulfate biosynthesis and emphasize roles for dermatan sulfate in human development and extracellular-matrix maintenance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University, Talas, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Munis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dündar
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Steinmann
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vodopiutz
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krabichler
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Utermann
authors.forename: Jacques U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Baenziger
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Andreas R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Janecke
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000235:genetics*; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics*; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D000939:Epitopes; D006226:Hand Deformities / Q000235:genetics*; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D013577:Syndrome; D013933:Thumb
chemical_list: D004187:Disaccharides; D000939:Epitopes; D015238:Sulfotransferases; C438013:dermatan-4-sulfotransferase-1