title: [Smokeless tobacco: a new risk factor for oral health? A review].
abstract: Due to migration of different ethnic groups, mainly from Africa and Asia, into Switzerland, many traditional products and habits that have not been seen before were also introduced. Smokeless tobacco (ST)--as one of those habits--is a product of increased use in Switzerland, although no sound epidemiological data are presently available. Numerous studies from North-America, Sweden, Asia and Africa could verify the carcinogenic potency of smokeless tobacco and its effects in the developement of oral cancer and different systemic disorders. For dental professionals and their team it is important to detect ST-associated lesions, and to tell the patients about the potential harmful sequelae of ST products. The present review focusses on the different types of RT products and their effects on oral health.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Oralchirurgie und Stomatologie, Zahnmedizinische Kliniken der Universität Bern.
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Reichart
authors.forename: Christoph A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ramseier
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bornstein
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D056352:Athletes; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000209:etiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology; D018289:Carcinoma, Verrucous / Q000209:etiology; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D006801:Humans; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000209:etiology*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013557:Switzerland; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D009602:Nitrosamines; D009538:Nicotine