Protective effect of Calendula officinalis extract against UVB-induced oxidative stress in skin: evaluation of reduced glutathione levels and matrix metalloproteinase secretion.
OBJECTIVE
Calendula officinalis flowers have long been employed time in folk therapy, and more than 35 properties have been attributed to decoctions and tinctures from the flowers. The main uses are as remedies for burns (including sunburns), bruises and cutaneous and internal inflammatory diseases of several origins. The recommended doses are a function both of the type and severity of the condition to be treated and the individual condition of each patient. Therefore, the present study investigated the potential use of Calendula officinalis extract to prevent UV irradiation-induced oxidative stress in skin.


METHODS
Firstly, the physico-chemical composition of marigold extract (ME) (hydroalcoholic extract) was assessed and the in vitro antioxidant efficacy was determined using different methodologies. Secondly, the cytotoxicity was evaluated in L929 and HepG2 cells with the MTT assay. Finally, the in vivo protective effect of ME against UVB-induced oxidative stress in the skin of hairless mice was evaluated by determining reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and monitoring the secretion/activity of metalloproteinases.


CONCLUSIONS
The polyphenol, flavonoid, rutin and narcissin contents found in ME were 28.6 mg/g, 18.8 mg/g, 1.6 mg/g and 12.2mg/g, respectively and evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activity demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of ME against different radicals. Cytoxicity experiments demonstrated that ME was not cytotoxic for L929 and HepG2 cells at concentrations less than or equal to of 15 mg/mL. However, concentrations greater than or equal to 30 mg/mL, toxic effects were observed. Finally, oral treatment of hairless mice with 150 and 300 mg/kg of ME maintained GSH levels close to non-irradiated control mice. In addition, this extract affects the activity/secretion of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and -9) stimulated by exposure to UVB irradiation. However, additional studies are required to have a complete understanding of the protective effects of ME for skin.
Fonseca
Yris Maria
YM
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Catini
Carolina Dias
CD
Vicentini
Fabiana T M C
FT
Nomizo
Auro
A
Gerlach
Raquel Fernanda
RF
Fonseca
Maria José Vieira
MJ
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020838:Calendula / Q000737:chemistry*; D003603:Cytotoxins; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D035264:Flowers; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D000975:Antioxidants; D003603:Cytotoxins; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D005978:Glutathione