title: Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines present in the acute phase of experimental colitis treated with Saccharomyces boulardii.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines present in the acute phase of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis treated with Saccharomyces boulardii.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: (1) treated group--received Saccharomyces boulardii for 14 days; (2) non-treated group--received sodium chloride solution for 14 days; (3) control group. Colitis was induced on the seventh day of the study in the treated and the non-treated groups using TNBS (10 mg) dissolved in 50% ethanol. Quantification of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), in the serum and colonic tissue collected on day 14 were carried out using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean concentrations of TGF-beta in both the serum and the colonic tissue of the treated group were statistically higher than that of the control group. The mean concentration of TGF-beta in the colonic tissue of the non-treated group was also statistically higher than the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The group treated with Saccharomyces boulardii showed increased amounts of TGF-beta, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, during the acute phase of colitis. There were no differences in the amount of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 between the treated and the non-treated or the control groups during the acute phase of experimental colitis induced by TNBS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nathália Nahas
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Grijó
authors.forename: Ricardo Carneiro
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Borra
authors.forename: Vera Lucia
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Sdepanian
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D019936:Probiotics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000254:growth & development*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid