title: Robot-assisted laparoscopic cardiomyotomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery is an expanding field of medicine. In endoscopic microsurgery particularly, difficult maneuvers such as intracorporeal hand-sewn anastomoses or a narrow operating field are ideal indications for use of an operation robot.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients, four men and two women, underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic cardiomyotomy for achalasia at a tertiary referral center with substantial expertise in robotic surgery. A detailed description of the operation technique is provided, together with a review of the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Robot-assisted laparoscopic cardiomyotomy was feasible without any particular problem and the postoperative course of all six patients was uneventful. The operation time was 236 (220-316) minutes, plus 38 (25-47) minutes for setup-time of the robot. At follow-up six months postoperatively, five of the six patients were free of significant dysphagia and all were free of reflux symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are several published reports, series and trials on robot-assisted laparoscopic cardiomyotomy. The general conclusion is that in experienced hands this operation is easy to perform, with a significantly lower rate of mucosal perforations, but that overall costs are higher, including a longer operation time during the learning curve. The avoidance of mucosal lacerations and their possible consequences has to be weighed against higher overall costs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic cardiomyotomy is the first standard laparoscopic operation where a clear advantage for use of an operation robot has been proven. Thus, wherever an operation robot is available it should be used for this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department Operative Medizin, Univ.-Klinik für Visceral-, Transplantations- und Thoraxchirurgie, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria. heinz.wykypiel@i-med.ac.at
authors.forename: Heinz F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Wykypiel
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bodner
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Augustin
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Renz
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoeller
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*