title: Hypopituitarism in the elderly: multifaceted clinical and biochemical presentation.
abstract: Hypopituitarism (HYPO) is a rare and under-investigated pathology in the elderly.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to review our case records of patients > or =65 yrs with first diagnosis of anterior global hypopituitarism, in order to evaluate presentation symptoms, etiology, biochemical and hormonal pictures, pituitary morphology, and efficacy of therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 patients (65-82 yrs) were studied: in 11 (73%) HYPO was secondary to pituitary macroadenoma (non-secreting in 10 and GH-secreting in 1); in 3 it was associated to empty sella, and in 1 to pituitary hypoplasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  major presenting symptoms were visual-field defects and asthenia (40%) but also memory and/or gait impairment and nausea (30%) and depression (20%) were significantly observed. Dyslipidemia (73%), anemia (20%) and severe hyponatremia (13%) were found. After starting substitutive therapy and clinical improvement, 10 patients with macroadenoma underwent uneventful neurosurgery, which improved visual alterations but not pituitary function. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for FSH in one patient and for GH in one patient. Six out of the eight patients with a post-surgical tumor remnant required treatment (surgery/radiotherapy/somatostatin analogue treatment in the acromegalic patient).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of HYPO is often delayed in the elderly, since symptoms may be ascribed to aging and associated comorbidities. In our series, most of the aspecific symptoms were retrospectively addressed to HYPO since their resolution/improvement with replacement therapy. The prevalent cause of HYPO remains non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas. Hyponatremia can be a life-threatening presenting symptom. Symptoms considered apparently aspecific in the elderly should be investigated in order to possibly diagnose an important treatable disorder as HYPO.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genova, Italy. luca.foppiani@galliera.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foppiani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruelle
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bandelloni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quilici
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Monte
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D004652:Empty Sella Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009493:Neurosurgery; D010901:Pituitary Function Tests; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006728:Hormones