title: Regulation of transcription factors by heterotrimeric G proteins.
abstract: Lessons from viral hijacks of cells and cancer biology suggest that the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) often results in the modulation of various transcription factors and cofactors. Since drugs acting on GPCRs represent a significant portion of therapeutic agents currently in use, it is important to understand the actions of GPCRs on gene expression. GPCRs and their associated heterotrimeric G proteins are known to regulate gene transcription through complex signaling networks. The G protein-mediated signaling cascades have been extensively studied and accumulating evidence indicates that the four subfamilies of G proteins may utilize both common and unique pathways for transcriptional regulation. This review aims to provide a contemporary account of our understanding on the regulation of transcription factors by GPCRs, with a special emphasis on specific regulations of transcription factors such as STAT3 and NF-kappaB by individual G protein subfamilies. Functional impacts of the signal integration between different pathways and the contributions by other GPCR-interacting molecules will also be briefly discussed.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Molecular Neuroscience Center, and Department of Biochemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: M K C
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: W W S
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins