title: MicroRNAs miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b and miR-208 are dysregulated in human myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate gene expression in physiological functions, development and disease. In recent studies, three miRNAs have been described as muscle or cardiac specific: miR-1, miR-133, and miR-208, being involved in heart development and disease; but there are limited data on their role in human myocardial infarction (MI). We therefore analyzed their expression in human MI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Autopsy samples of infarcted heart tissue from 50 patients with MI, 8 healthy trauma victims and 9 fetuses that died in utero were included. miRNAs miR-1, miR-133a/b and miR-208 were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  miR-208 was upregulated, whereas miR-1 and miR-133a were downregulated in MI compared to healthy adult and fetal hearts. All four tested miRNAs were downregulated in fetal hearts compared to healthy adult hearts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed the involvement of muscle- and/or cardiac-specific miRNAs miR-1, miR-133a/b and miR-208 in human MI. The most significant finding was upregulation of miR-208 and downregulation of miR-1 and miR-133a in MI compared to healthy adult hearts. Some patterns of miRNA expression were similar in MI and fetal hearts, supporting the concept of cardiac gene reprogramming in the remodeling of the heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics,Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bostjancic
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zidar
authors.forename: Dusan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stajer
authors.forename: Damjan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Glavac
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C544547:MIRN1 microRNA, human; C548234:MIRN133 microRNA, human; C550906:MIRN208 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs