title: Obesity-PSA relationship: a new formula.
abstract: To clinically apply the inverse PSA-body mass index (BMI) correlation and enhance PSA sensitivity in obese cases, a new formula is warranted. An innovated BMI-PSA equation is designed. PSA-BMI adjusted formula (named Hekal's equation): measured total PSA (ng ml(-1)) multiplied by age (years) and divided by BMI of the patient. The formula is applied over a randomly chosen 1000 cases of different PSA, BMI, age and trans-rectal ultrasound biopsy results, the yield of new PSA is correlated with pathology and age-specific PSA adjustment values. Among the 988 cases with complete data, obesity (BMI: 30-35 kg m(-2)) in 236 cases (23.8%) and 79 cases (7.9%) have BMI>35 kg m(-2). Mean PSA was 5.8 ng ml(-1) (s.d.+/-8.4 ng ml(-1)). Cases stratified based on their age (every 10 years). The new equation was applied. Obesity is detected in 33.5 and 43.6% of fifth and sixth decade of life respectively (P=0.02), with low measured PSA values (2.1, 3.8 ng ml(-1), respectively). By such PSA measurement biopsy may be omitted, missing 53.3% of malignant cases. In contrast, PSA adjusted were 4 and 9.3 ng ml(-1) within the same group of patients. With such values, the decision of a biopsy could not be missed for the targeted groups. Specificity and sensitivity of adjusted PSA values at cutoff point 4 ng ml(-1) was 41.7 and 70%, respectively. Based on our results, the new PSA-BMI adjusted formula is reproducible, easy applied formula. With such a formula the higher sensitivity of PSA in obese patients could be achieved. The misleading low PSA in obese cases in the fifth and sixth decade will be corrected.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. eahekal@yahoo.com
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Hekal
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Ibrahiem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D012372:ROC Curve; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen