title: A clear and present danger: tick-borne diseases in Europe.
abstract: Ticks can transmit a variety of viruses, bacteria or parasites that can cause serious infections or conditions in humans and animals. While tick-borne diseases are becoming an increasing and serious problem in Europe, tick-borne diseases are also responsible for major depressions in livestock production and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Asia. This review will focus on the most important circulating tick-transmitted pathogens in Europe (Borrelia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., tick-borne encephalitis virus, Rickettsia spp. and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus).
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory for Vector Borne Diseases, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, B-1120 Brussels, Belgium. paul.heyman@mil.be
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heyman
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cochez
authors.forename: Agnetha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofhuis
authors.forename: Joke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Giessen
authors.forename: Hein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sprong
authors.forename: Sarah Rebecca
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Losson
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saegerman
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Donoso-Mantke
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niedrig
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papa
mesh_terms: D000712:Anaplasmosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D000818:Animals; D001096:Arachnid Vectors / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006479:Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D012288:Rickettsiaceae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D017282:Tick-Borne Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D013987:Ticks / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology