title: The cancer anorexia/weight loss syndrome: exploring associations with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of inflammatory cytokines in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cancer anorexia/weight loss syndrome commonly occurs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is characterized by loss of weight and appetite as well as diminished survival. The current study explored whether any of 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of certain previously implicated inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-1RN, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor) are associated with this syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  All NSCLC patients who had been enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Lung Cancer Cohort, had completed a health-related questionnaire approximately 6 months after enrollment, and had blood drawn were included in this study, thus yielding a sample size of 471 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-six (14%) patients manifested weight loss shortly after diagnosis, and 152 (32%) reported appetite loss. Only tumor necrosis factor alpha rs800629 was associated with anorexia (odds ratio: 0.46; 95% confidence interval: 0.29, 0.72; p < 0.001); patients who were heterozygous and minor homozygous were less likely to suffer anorexia. Otherwise, there were no statistically significant associations between any of the other 21 SNPs and weight loss and/or anorexia. In univariate analyses, weight loss, anorexia, more advanced cancer stage, and interleukin-1 beta rs1143627 were associated with a worse survival, and interleukin-6 rs2069835 was associated with better survival. However, in multivariate analyses, cancer stage and patient age were the only statistically significant predictors of worse survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No specific SNP was associated with all aspects of the cancer anorexia/weight loss syndrome, but rs800629 may merit further study in cancer-associated anorexia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. jatoi.aminah@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Aminah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jatoi
authors.forename: Yingwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Glenda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: Ruoxiang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McNallan
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Sumithra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandrekar
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000855:Anorexia / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013534:Survival; D013577:Syndrome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha