title: Neural correlates of the rejection of unfair offers in the impunity game.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the roles of the insula and the anterior cingulate activations in the rejection of unfair offers in the impunity game.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen participants played the impunity game in ten trials as responders during neuroimaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 45% of the unfair offers were rejected by the responders even when responders could not restore a fair outcome, which cannot be accounted for by social preference of inequity aversion. Imaging data showed that the right anterior insula was activated when participants faced and rejected unfair offers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The insula activation during a rejection of the unfair offers is the reflection of an emotional response, rather than social preference of inequity aversion. The role of emotion in the neuroeconomics of fairness was demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takagishi
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toyomura
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takashino
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
mesh_terms: D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005716:Game Theory; D005717:Games, Experimental; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012919:Social Behavior; D055815:Young Adult