title: Shifting trends: mastoiditis from a surgical to a medical disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to review the outcome of pediatric patients suffering from acute mastoiditis treated conservatively and to correlate this to the evolution of our understanding of the shift in which mastoiditis has been transformed from a surgical to a medial disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review patient files hospitalized in our tertiary-care center between 2005-2008. We examined the data concerning the infection which included: presenting signs/symptoms, prior otologic history, treatment (including both surgical and conservative) prior to hospitalization and during hospitalization, computed tomography (CT), hospital duration, complications and overall outcome. This data was analyzed and compared between different patients who underwent different treatment strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one patients were included in this retrospective review. Initially, forty-nine patients admitted to our hospital were treated conservatively. This treatment included intra-venous antibiotics, myringtomy and if needed subperiosteal abscess incision and drainage. Only 2 patients underwent CT scanning on admission. Further on, during hospitalization 4 additional patients underwent CT scanning due to continued fever or progression of local disease. All four CT scans showed no intra-cerebral complications, and so all continued with conservative treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most cases of acute mastoidits may be treated with a conservative therapy regime. This regime, in our opinion, should include three branches: the first intravenous antibiotic therapy using a broad spectrum antibiotic. The second is myringotomy and the third branch is incision and drainage of subperiosteal abscess when needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. sharontamir@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamir
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shwartz
authors.forename: Uri
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Peleg
authors.forename: Chanan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shaul
authors.forename: Ronen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Sichel
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000188:drug therapy; D000208:Acute Disease; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004322:Drainage; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay; D008417:Mastoiditis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents