title: Constitutive endocytic recycling and protein kinase C-mediated lysosomal degradation control K(ATP) channel surface density.
abstract: Pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels control insulin secretion by coupling the excitability of the pancreatic beta-cell to glucose metabolism. Little is currently known about how the plasma membrane density of these channels is regulated. We therefore set out to examine in detail the endocytosis and recycling of these channels and how these processes are regulated. To achieve this goal, we expressed K(ATP) channels bearing an extracellular hemagglutinin epitope in human embryonic kidney cells and followed their fate along the endocytic pathway. Our results show that K(ATP) channels undergo multiple rounds of endocytosis and recycling. Further, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate significantly decreases K(ATP) channel surface density by reducing channel recycling and diverting the channel to lysosomal degradation. These findings were recapitulated in the model pancreatic beta-cell line INS1e, where activation of PKC leads to a decrease in the surface density of native K(ATP) channels. Because sorting of internalized channels between lysosomal and recycling pathways could have opposite effects on the excitability of pancreatic beta-cells, we propose that PKC-regulated K(ATP) channel trafficking may play a role in the regulation of insulin secretion.
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Manna
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Tarvinder K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Taneja
authors.forename: Gareth J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lippiat
authors.forename: Asipu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sivaprasadarao
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D007328:Insulin; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate