title: Age-related changes in the hyoepiglottic ligament: functional implications based on histopathologic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to identify age-related changes in the hyoepiglottic ligament associated with function of the epiglottis during swallowing and respiration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal postmortem laryngeal tissue samples were obtained at autopsy from 20 individuals with no history of laryngeal disease. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: those aged 81-91 years (elderly group, n = 11) and those aged 31-48 years (non-elderly group, n = 9). Specimens were subjected to Elastica van Gieson and hematoxylin-eosin staining, and characteristics of the hyoepiglottic ligament were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hyoepiglottic ligament extended from the epiglottis to both lingual muscles and the hyoid bone (pars lingualis and pars hyoideus). The numbers of muscle fibers (P < .001), collagenous fibers (P < .01), and elastic fibers (P < .001) were significantly decreased in the elderly group in comparison to those in the non-elderly group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age-related changes in the hyoepiglottic ligament appear to be associated with aspiration, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and acquired laryngomalacia in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. motohiro@qent.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawatsubashi
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umezaki
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusano
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Shizuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komune
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002102:Cadaver; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D004547:Elastic Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D004825:Epiglottis / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone; D008022:Ligaments / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena