title: Abacavir-based therapy does not affect biological mechanisms associated with cardiovascular dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of initiating abacavir-containing therapy on plasma lipids and cardiovascular biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sub-study of the BICOMBO study in which participants were randomized to switch their nucleoside backbone to either abacavir/lamivudine or tenofovir/emtricitabine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed 48-week changes in fasting lipids and several biomarkers including serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), osteoprotegerin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), selectin E and P, adiponectin, insulin, and D-dimer in otherwise healthy, virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients randomly switched to abacavir/lamivudine or tenofovir/emtricitabine with no history of cardiovascular disease, no prior abacavir or tenofovir use, and no virological failure or AIDS during follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty (46 abacavir/lamivudine and 34 tenofovir/emtricitabine) patients were included. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups and between patients in the sub-study vs. those not. There were no significant differences in baseline lipids and markers between groups. Although total (6.5 vs. -6.7%, P < 0.0001) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (8.6 vs. -9.1%, P = 0.004) cholesterol increased significantly in the abacavir/lamivudine group relative to the tenofovir/emtricitabine group, we found no significant changes in the biomarkers: CRP (-3.9 vs. 0.0%), MCP-1 (5.9 vs. 4.0%), osteoprotegerin (5.1 vs. -2.8%), IL-6 (0.0 vs. 0.0%), IL-10 (0.0 vs. 0.0%), TNF-alpha (0.0 vs. 0.0%), ICAM-1 (6.6 vs. 5.2%), VCAM-1 (0.02 vs. -0.01%), selectin E (-0.4 vs. 7.8%), selectin P (4.6 vs. 12.6%), insulin (-2.5 vs. 8.8%), adiponectin (-2.2 vs. 15.4%), and D-dimer (0.0 vs. 0.0%) (P > or = 0.12 for all comparisons).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abacavir/lamivudine increased total and LDL cholesterol compared with tenofovir/emtricitabine, but it did not cause inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, or hypercoagulability in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. esteban@fundsoriano.es
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larrousse
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Podzamczer
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loncá
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barragán
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deulofeu
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casamitjana
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mallolas
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pich
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gatell
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000068698:Tenofovir; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load; D000099227:Abacavir
chemical_list: D000225:Adenine; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D019259:Lamivudine; D008055:Lipids; D063065:Organophosphonates; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000099227:Abacavir