title: Centralized Pan-European survey on the under-treatment of hypercholesterolaemia (CEPHEUS): overall findings from eight countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surveys evaluating plasma lipid goal attainment in patients with coronary heart disease have shown that hypercholesterolaemia is inadequately treated. Limited data account for the reasons behind this. The aim of the CEntralized Pan-European survey on tHE Under-treatment of hypercholeSterolaemia (CEPHEUS) survey was to evaluate the current use and efficacy of lipid-lowering drugs (LLD), and to identify possible patient/physician characteristics associated with failure to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets recommended by the 2003 European guidelines (Third Joint Task Force).
  
  
  METHODS
  CEPHEUS was a European, multi-centre, cross-sectional survey conducted in eight countries and involved patients on LLD for >3 months (stable medication >6 weeks). One visit was scheduled for data collection, including fasting lipids. In all but one country, physicians and patients filled in a questionnaire about aspects of hypercholesterolaemia and treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 15 199 patients recruited, 14 478 were included in the final analyses. The mean age was 63.2 years, and 45% of patients were female. Overall, 55.3% of the patients achieved their LDL-C target. In multivariate analyses, the factors identified as positive predictors for achieving LDL-C goals included normal body mass index, not smoking, not having metabolic syndrome, being on statin therapy and good treatment adherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The population was a selected group of subjects treated with LLD, and the results cannot be extrapolated to the general population. Patient consent was obtained, which may have selected more motivated patients and induced a positive bias. The physician and patient questionnaires were not validated, but were only used for exploratory purposes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only 55.3% of patients using LLD achieved the LDL-C target recommended in the 2003 European guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 54, B-1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Brussels, Belgium. Michel.hermans@uclouvain.be
authors.forename: Michel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hermans
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castro Cabezas
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Strandberg
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferrières
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feely
authors.forename: Moses
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elisaf
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Vedat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sansoy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006287:Health Planning Guidelines; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017211:Treatment Failure; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids