title: Family history of alcoholism mediates the frontal response to alcoholic drink odors and alcohol in at-risk drinkers.
abstract: Although a family history of alcoholism is the strongest risk factor for developing alcohol dependence, there are few studies of the association between familial alcoholism and the human brain's reward system activity. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine how family history affects the brain's response to subjects' preferred alcoholic drink odors (AO) as compared to appetitive control odors (ApCO). Fourteen non-dependent heavy drinkers (HD) who were family history positive (FHP) participated, as did 12 HD who were family history negative (FHN). Subjects were imaged under both alcohol intoxication and placebo, using intravenous infusion and pharmacokinetic modeling to target a blood alcohol level of 50 mg%. Under placebo, HD-FHP had a larger medial frontal [AO>ApCO] effect than did HD-FHN. Alcohol intoxication dampened this response in the HD-FHP but potentiated it in the HD-FHN. This suggests that a family history of alcoholism and brain exposure to alcohol interact in heavy drinkers to differentially affect how the brain responds to alcohol cues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. dkareken@iupui.edu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kareken
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bragulat
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dzemidzic
authors.forename: Cari
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Talavage
authors.forename: Dena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Sean J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000437:Alcoholism; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology; D003463:Cues; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants; D055696:Olfactory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol