title: Pilot study: association of traditional and genetic risk factors and new-onset diabetes mellitus following kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New-onset diabetes mellitus, which occurs after kidney transplant and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), shares common risk factors and antecedents in impaired insulin secretion and action. Several genetic polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with T2DM. We hypothesized that transplant recipients who carry risk alleles for T2DM are "tipped over" to develop diabetes mellitus in the posttransplant milieu.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the association of genetic and traditional risk factors present before transplantation and the development of new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation (NODAT). Markers in 8 known T2DM-linked genes were genotyped using either the iPLEX assay or allelic discrimination (AD)-PCR in the study cohort testing for association with NODAT. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression models for the association of pretransplant nongenetic and genetic variables with the development of NODAT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study cohort included 91 kidney transplant recipients with at least 1 year posttransplant follow-up, including 22 who developed NODAT. We observed that increased age, family history of T2DM, pretransplant obesity, and triglyceridemia were associated with NODAT development. In addition, we observed positive trends, although statistically not significant, for association between T2DM-associated genes and NODAT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrated an increased NODAT risk among patient with a positive family history for T2DM, which, in conjunction with the observed positive predictive trends of known T2DM-associated genetic polymorphisms with NODAT, was suggestive of a genetic predisposition to NODAT.
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplantation Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E. Mayo Blvd., Phoenix, AZ 85259, Arizona, USA. chakkera.harini@mayo.edu
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Chakkera
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: DiStefano
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Millis
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Heilman
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamawi
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Mekeel
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cerhan
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000235:genetics*