title: Measurement of the refractive index of soft contact lenses during wear.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the refractive index (RI) of a soft contact lens can be evaluated using refractometry while the lens remains on the eye and to compare this with more traditional ex vivo RI measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  A slitlamp apparatus was modified to incorporate a customized Atago hand refractometer. With a double-masked study design, nine adapted symptomatic soft contact lens wearers wore a contact lens in each eye (lotrafilcon B and etafilcon A) in a randomized order. In vivo RI was determined from the relative Brix scale measurements immediately after lens insertion and after 1 and 10 hr of lens wear. Ex vivo refractometry was performed after 10 hr of lens wear for comparison. Means +/- standard errors of the means are reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vivo RI values at baseline were 1.422 +/- 0.0004 (lotrafilcon B) and 1.405 +/- 0.0021 (etafilcon A); after 1 hr of lens wear, values were 1.423 +/- 0.0006 and 1.408 +/- 0.0007, respectively; and after 10 hr of lens wear, values were 1.424 +/- 0.0004 and 1.411 +/- 0.0010, respectively. Ex vivo RI values at the end of the 10 hr wearing period were 1.424 +/- 0.0003 (lotrafilcon B) and 1.412 +/- 0.0017 (etafilcon A). The change in in vivo RI across the day was statistically significant for the etafilcon A lens (repeated-measures analysis of variance, P<0.01) but not for the lotrafilcon B lens (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This novel adaptation of refractometry was able to measure the RI of soft contact lenses during wear (without lens removal). End of day RI measurements using in vivo and ex vivo refractometry were comparable with each other. Future work is required to determine whether this in vivo method can improve our understanding of the relationships between soft contact lens RI, hydration, on-eye lens performance, and symptomology.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jalaiah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varikooty
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Keir
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Desmond
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fonn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic / Q000592:standards*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000628:therapy*; D012031:Refractometry / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult