title: A comprehensive review of topical hemostatic agents: efficacy and recommendations for use.
abstract: Since ancient times we have attempted to facilitate hemostasis by application of topical agents. In the last decade, the number of different effective hemostatic agents has increased drastically. In order for the modern surgeon to successfully choose the right agent at the right time, it is essential to understand the mechanism of action, efficacy and possible adverse events as they relate to each agent. In this article we provide a comprehensive review of the most commonly used hemostatic agents, subcategorized as physical agents, absorbable agents, biologic agents, and synthetic agents. We also evaluate novel hemostatic dressings and their application in the current era. Furthermore, wholesale acquisition prices for hospitals in the United States are provided to aid in cost analysis. We conclude with an expert opinion on which agent to use under different scenarios.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Hardean E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Achneck
authors.forename: Bantayehu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sileshi
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Jamiolkowski
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Albala
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lawson
mesh_terms: D001458:Bandages; D001688:Biological Products; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D006490:Hemostatics