title: Prevalence and predictors of recurrence of major depressive disorder in the adult population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Knowledge of the risk of recurrence after recovery of a major depressive disorder (MDD) is of clinical and scientific importance. The purpose of this paper was to provide a systematic review of the prevalence and predictors of recurrence of MDD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were searched in Medline en PsychINFO using the search terms 'recur*', 'relaps*', 'depress*', 'predict*' and course.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recurrence of MDD in specialised mental healthcare settings is high (60% after 5 years, 67% after 10 years and 85% after 15 years) and seems lower in the general population (35% after 15 years). Number of previous episodes and subclinical residual symptoms appear to be the most important predictors. Gender, civil status and socioeconomic status seem not related to the recurrence of MDD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical factors seem the most important predictors of recurrence. Data from studies performed in the general population and primary care on the recurrent course of MDD are scarce.
authors.affiliation: De Gelderse Roos, Institute for Mental Health Care, Ede, The Netherlands. f.hardeveld@degelderseroos.nl
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hardeveld
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spijker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Graaf
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Nolen
authors.forename: A T F
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Beekman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010552:Personality Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome