title: Effect of progressive resistance training on muscle performance after chronic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effects of high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) and high-intensity cycling (cycling) on muscle performance and the time course of strength gains in a chronic stroke population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight individuals with chronic stroke sequelae (mean +/- SD; age = 63 +/- 9 yr, time since stroke = 57 +/- 54 months) were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: PRT + cycling, PRT + sham cycling, sham PRT + cycling, or sham PRT + sham cycling groups in a fully factorial clinical trial. Thirty exercise sessions were conducted over a 10- to 12-wk period. The main outcomes investigated were measures of unilateral muscle strength, peak power, and muscle endurance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Those undergoing PRT improved their lower limb muscle strength, peak power, and endurance compared with participants receiving sham PRT or cycling only (P < 0.05), and combined exercise was not superior to PRT alone. Strength improvements occurred primarily during the first 6 to 8 wk (98%-100% of total gain) and then reached a plateau during the final 2 to 4 wk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown for the first time in a direct comparison study that high-intensity PRT, but not cycling or sham exercise, can improve muscle strength, peak power, and muscle endurance in both affected and unaffected lower limbs after chronic stroke by a significant and clinically meaningful amount. Although strength gains plateaued earlier than anticipated, adherence to the intended continuous high-intensity progressive overload protocol was largely achieved (average load of 84% +/- 4% of one repetition maximum).
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Mi-Joung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kilbreath
authors.forename: Maria Fiatarone
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zeman
authors.forename: Glen M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome