title: Differential effects of alcohol intoxication on S100B levels following traumatic brain injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In an acute care setting, evaluation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often complicated by alcohol intoxication. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical utility of the protein S100B as a biochemical marker for identifying brain injury in patients who are intoxicated at the time of injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study participants were 160 patients who presented to a large urban Level I Trauma Centre in Vancouver, Canada. Patients were classified into four clinical groups (medical controls, trauma controls, mild TBI, and definite TBI) and two day-of-injury alcohol intoxication groups (i.e., sober and intoxicated). Blood samples were collected via venipuncture in heparinized tubes within 8 hours of injury. Measures of S100B concentration were obtained using a commercially available assay kit (Sangtec 100 Elisa).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For those patients who were sober at the time of injury, higher S100B levels were associated with TBI when compared with other physical injuries and general medical complaints. However, for patients who were intoxicated at the time of injury, there were uniformly low S100B levels across all clinical groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there seems to be a strong association between S100B levels and TBI, further research is required to establish the clinical role of S100B in patients with suspected TBI, particularly in patients whose clinical presentation is complicated by alcohol intoxication.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. rlange@bcmhs.bc.ca
authors.forename: Rael T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Brubacher
authors.forename: Grant L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Iverson
authors.forename: Ric M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Procyshyn
authors.forename: Suzana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitrovic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000150:complications*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D001955:British Columbia; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004638:Emergency Treatment; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014193:Trauma Centers
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human