title: Ascribing intentions in clinical decision-making.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The intentions of clinicians are widely considered to be relevant to the ethical assessment of their actions. A better understanding of the psychological factors that influence the ascription of intentions in clinical practice is important for improving the self-understanding of clinical decision-making and, ultimately, the ethics of clinical care. Drawing on empirical research on intentionality that has been done in other contexts, this is the first study to test whether the "asymmetric effect" of intention ascription is exhibited by respondents when presented with clinical decision-making scenarios.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess how individuals attribute intentions to clinical actors in clinical decision-making scenarios.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 149 first and second year medical students was randomly assigned to two groups (group A, group B). Subjects in each group read two scenarios and submitted anonymous responses to questions regarding each scenario.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The asymmetric effect was strongly exhibited by the responses given to scenario 2, but it was not exhibited by the responses given to scenario 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provided evidence for the view that people's ascription of intentions to others is influenced by their previous evaluative judgement of the conduct in question.
authors.affiliation: The John J Conley Department of Ethics, 153 West 11th Street (NR815), New York, NY 10011, USA. Ljansen@svcmcny.org
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fogel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D015510:Clinical Medicine; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult