title: Different responsiveness of endothelial cells to vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor added to culture media under gravity and simulated microgravity.
abstract: When incubated under simulated microgravity (s-microg), endothelial cells (EC) form tubular structures that resemble vascular intimas. This delayed formation of 3D EC structures begins between the 5th and 7th day of culturing EC under conditions of s-microg, when double-row cell assemblies become visible. With the aim of learning about this initial phase of tubular structure formation, we found that NFkappaBp65 protein content was similar in all cell populations, but gene and protein expression of phosphokinase A catalytic subunit, phosphokinase Calpha, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 was altered in cells cultured under s-microg. Apoptosis remained below 30% in all EC cultures. In contrast to controls, the 7-day-old s-microg cultures contained 3D aggregates with proliferating cells, enhanced numbers of necrotic cells, and osteopontin-negative EC as well as supernatants with reduced quantities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), soluble TNFRSF5, TNFSF5, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, IL-18, complement C3, and von Willebrand factor. VEGF and/or bFGF (10 ng/mL) application influenced the accumulation of proteins in supernatants more profoundly under 1 g than under s-microg. These findings provide evidence that phosphokinase Calpha plays a key role in tube formation. Improving the interaction of VEGF and/or bFGF with EC under s-microg could enhance the engineering of vascular intimas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Bartholin Building, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Building 1240, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. daniela.grimm@farm.au.dk
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ulbrich
authors.forename: Kriss
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wehland
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Infanger
authors.forename: Ganna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aleshcheva
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pietsch
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghardi
authors.forename: Michaël
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Houssein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Saghire
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Saint-Georges
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baatout
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D003720:Densitometry; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006112:Gravitation; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility / Q000187:drug effects; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D015415:Biomarkers; D003470:Culture Media; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1