title: Inhibition of PTP1B restores IRS1-mediated hepatic insulin signaling in IRS2-deficient mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mice with complete deletion of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) develop hyperglycemia, impaired hepatic insulin signaling, and elevated gluconeogenesis, whereas mice deficient for protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)1B display an opposing hepatic phenotype characterized by increased sensitivity to insulin. To define the relationship between these two signaling pathways in the regulation of liver metabolism, we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to study the effects of inhibiting PTP1B on hepatic insulin signaling and expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in IRS2(-/-) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling in liver and isolated hepatocytes from IRS2(-/-) and IRS2(-/-)/PTP1B(-/-) mice. Additionally, hepatic insulin signaling was assessed in control and IRS2(-/-) mice treated with resveratrol, an antioxidant present in red wine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In livers of hyperglycemic IRS2(-/-) mice, the expression levels of PTP1B and its association with the insulin receptor (IR) were increased. The absence of PTP1B in the double-mutant mice restored hepatic IRS1-mediated phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase/Akt/Foxo1 signaling. Moreover, resveratrol treatment of hyperglycemic IRS2(-/-) mice decreased hepatic PTP1B mRNA and inhibited PTP1B activity, thereby restoring IRS1-mediated PI 3-kinase/Akt/Foxo1 signaling and peripheral insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By regulating the phosphorylation state of IR, PTB1B determines sensitivity to insulin in liver and exerts a unique role in the interplay between IRS1 and IRS2 in the modulation of hepatic insulin action.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine Alberto Sols, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Agueda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mas Gutierrez
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanz-González
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Burks
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Valverde
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D010641:Phenotype; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000502:physiology; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D000077185:Resveratrol; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C467200:Foxo1 protein, mouse; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; C526298:Irs2 protein, mouse; D013267:Stilbenes; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; C516609:Ptpn1 protein, mouse; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP); D000077185:Resveratrol