title: REST and CoREST modulate neuronal subtype specification, maturation and maintenance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencer factor (REST/NRSF) is a master regulator of neuronal gene expression. REST functions as a modular scaffold for dynamic recruitment of epigenetic regulatory factors including its primary cofactor, the corepressor for element-1-silencing transcription factor (CoREST), to genomic loci that contain the repressor element-1 (RE1) binding motif. While REST was initially believed to silence RE1 containing neuronal genes in neural stem cells (NSCs) and non-neuronal cells, emerging evidence shows an increasingly complex cell type- and developmental stage-specific repertoire of REST target genes and functions that include regulation of neuronal lineage maturation and plasticity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we utilized chromatin immunoprecipitation on chip (ChIP-chip) analysis to examine REST and CoREST functions during NSC-mediated specification of cholinergic neurons (CHOLNs), GABAergic neurons (GABANs), glutamatergic neurons (GLUTNs), and medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs). We identified largely distinct but overlapping profiles of REST and CoREST target genes during neuronal subtype specification including a disproportionately high percentage that are exclusive to each neuronal subtype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate that the differential deployment of REST and CoREST is an important regulatory mechanism that mediates neuronal subtype specification by modulating specific gene networks responsible for inducing and maintaining neuronal subtype identity. Our observations also implicate a broad array of factors in the generation of neuronal diversity including but not limited to those that mediate homeostasis, cell cycle dynamics, cell viability, stress responses and epigenetic regulation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Abrajano
authors.forename: Irfan A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Solen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gokhan
authors.forename: Deyou
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Aviv
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mehler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000235:genetics; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks / Q000235:genetics; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D000099229:RE1-Silencing Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000099229:RE1-Silencing Transcription Factor; C485650:Rcor2 protein, mouse