title: Downregulation of Gnas, Got2 and Snord32a following tenofovir exposure of primary osteoclasts.
abstract: Clinical observations have implicated the antiretroviral drug tenofovir with bone density loss during the management of HIV infection. The goal of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of tenofovir exposure of primary osteoclasts in order to gain insights into the potential mechanisms for the drug-induced bone density loss. We hypothesized that tenofovir may alter the expression of key genes involved in osteoclast function. To test this, primary osteoclasts were exposed to physiologically relevant concentrations of the prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), then intensive microarray analysis was done to compare tenofovir-treated versus untreated cells. Specific downregulation of Gnas, Got2 and Snord32a were observed in the TDF-treated cells. The functions of these genes help to explain the basis for tenofovir-associated bone density loss. Our studies represent the first analysis of the effects of tenofovir on osteoclast gene expression and help to explain the basis of tenofovir-associated bone density loss in HIV-infected individuals.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Iwen F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Grigsby
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishnan
authors.forename: Louis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mansky
authors.forename: Kim C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Mansky
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024442:Aspartate Aminotransferase, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002864:Chromogranins; D015536:Down-Regulation; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D020537:RNA, Small Nucleolar / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000068698:Tenofovir
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D002864:Chromogranins; D063065:Organophosphonates; D020537:RNA, Small Nucleolar; D000068698:Tenofovir; D024442:Aspartate Aminotransferase, Mitochondrial; C498642:Gnas protein, mouse; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; D000225:Adenine