title: Vpr and its interactions with cellular proteins.
abstract: Like most viral regulatory proteins, HIV-1 Vpr and homologous proteins from primate lentiviruses are small and multifunctional. They are associated with a plethora of effects and functions, including induction of cell cycle arrest in the G(2) phase, induction of apoptosis, transactivation, enhancement of the fidelity of reverse transcription, and nuclear import of viral DNA in macrophages and other nondividing cells. This review focuses on the cellular proteins that have been reported to interact with Vpr and their significance with respect to the known functions and effects of Vpr on cells and on viral replication.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East #2100-Room 2520, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA. vicente.planelles@path.utah.edu
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Planelles
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benichou
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002453:Cell Cycle; D004260:DNA Repair; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000502:physiology; D054875:Ubiquitination; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514912:vpr protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex