title: Whole-body vibration effects on bone mineral density in women with or without resistance training.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whole-body vibration exposure may translate into improved bone mass in young adult women. The primary focus of this study was to examine the effects of graded whole-body vibration or vibration exposure plus resistance training on bone mineral density (BMD), hematological measures for bone remodeling, and exercise metabolism in young women.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 51 healthy active women [mean (SD) age, 21.02 (3.39) yr; height, 165.66 (6.73) cm; body mass 66.54 (13.39) kg] who participated in the intervention. Subjects were randomly assigned to whole-body vibration (WBV), whole-body vibration plus resistance training (WBV+RT), or control (CONT) groups for 16 wk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A repeated-measure ANOVA found no significant (P < 0.05) group differences in BMD at the completion of 16 wk. A significant within group change was apparent for the WBV (2.7% femoral neck) and WBV+RT (femoral neck 1.9%; vertebra 0.98%). WBV and WBV+RT experienced a significant (P < 0.05) 60% and 58% increase in adiponectin, 48% and 30% in transforming growth factor-beta1, and 17% and 34% in nitric oxide with an accompanying 50% and 36% decrease in osteopontin, 19% and 34% in interleukin-1beta, and 38% and 39% in tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate graded whole-body vibration exposure may be effective in improving BMD by increasing bone deposition while also decreasing bone resorption. Whole-body vibration may also provide an efficient stratagem for young women to achieve peak bone mass and help stave off osteoporosis later in life and provide a novel form of physical training.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Social Science Research, Department of Living Systems, CQUniversity, Rockhampton, Australia. b.1.humphries@cqu.edu.au
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Humphries
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fenning
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dugan
authors.forename: Jodie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guinane
authors.forename: Kristy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: MacRae
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D055070:Resistance Training; D014732:Vibration / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult