title: High heterogeneity within methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 isolates, defined by Cfr9I macrorestriction-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles and spa and SCCmec types.
abstract: During recent years, the animal-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone ST398 has extensively been studied. The DNA of these isolates turned out to be refractory to SmaI restriction, and consequently, SmaI is unsuitable for subtyping this clone by standard pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Very recently, ST398 DNA was shown to be digested by Cfr9I, a neoschizomer of SmaI. In the present study, we employed Cfr9I PFGE on 100 German and 5 Dutch ST398 isolates and compared their PFGE profiles, protein A gene variable repeat regions (spa types), and types of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). The isolates (from healthy carrier pigs, clinical samples from pigs, dust from farms, milk, and meat) were assigned to 35 profiles, which were correlated to the SCCmec type. A dendrogram with the Cfr9I patterns assigned all profiles to two clusters. Cluster A grouped nearly all isolates with SCCmec type V, and cluster B comprised all SCCmec type IVa and V* (a type V variant first identified as III) carriers plus one isolate with SCCmec type V. Both clusters also grouped methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates. The association of the majority of isolates with SCCmec type V in one large cluster indicated the presence of a successful subclone within the clonal complex CC398 from pigs, which has diversified. In general, the combination of Cfr9I PFGE with spa and SCCmec typing demonstrated the heterogeneity of the series analyzed and can be further used for outbreak investigations and traceability studies of the MRSA ST398 emerging clone.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Biología Funcional (Area de Microbiología), University of Oviedo, Julían Clavería 6, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain,
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Argudín
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fetsch
authors.forename: B-A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Tenhagen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hammerl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hertwig
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kowall
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rodicio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Käsbohrer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Helmuth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schroeter
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bräunig
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guerra
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003227:Conjugation, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012703:Serotyping; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D037521:Virulence Factors; C025651:CCCGGG-specific type II deoxyribonucleases; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific