title: A review of the herbal phosphodiesterase inhibitors; future perspective of new drugs.
abstract: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs) are a class of drugs that are widely used because of their various pharmacological properties including cardiotonic, vasodilator, smooth muscle relaxant, antidepressant, antithrombotic, bronchodilator, antiinflammatory and enhancer of cognitive function. In the recent years, interest in drugs of plant origin has been progressively increased. Some pharmacologically active substances that come from plants demonstrate PDEI activity. They mainly belong to alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. In this review, studies on herbal PDEI were reviewed and their possible therapeutic applications were discussed. Screening plants for PDE inhibitory activity may help to develop standardized phytotherapeutic products or find new sources for new lead structures with PDEI pharmacological activity. The studies discussed in this paper are mainly in vitro and for more reasonable and conclusive results, it is required to conduct in vivo and finally human and clinical tests.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Traditional Medicine, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
authors.forename: Roja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghiasi
authors.forename: Hanieh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azimi
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fakhari
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdollahi
mesh_terms: D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000639:trends; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts