title: Determinants of condom use among antenatal clinic attendees in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the demographic, socio-economic and psycho-social factors associated with condom use amongst antenatal clinic attendees in Dar es Salaam.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study design was employed in four antenatal clinics in Dar es Salaam. Pregnant women were interviewed between April 1995 and July 1997 to find out if they have ever used a condom and if so whether they had used them consistently for all coital acts in the previous year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1,585 women interviewed, 41% had their first sexual experience before age of 18 years and 82% had a history of having more than two sexual partners during their lifetime. Sixty-two percent of women had never used a condom. Although 40% had used a condom in the previous year only 12% used them consistently. Ever use of a condom increased significantly with the number of years of education of the respondent and her partner also with the respondent's financial independence. Women with > 9 years of education were twice as likely as women with < 5 years of education to be condom users (prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6-2.7). Professional women were almost twice as likely as housewives to have ever used a condom (PR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3-2.3). Women who reported that they have had more than four sexual partners during their lifetime were associated with nearly a four-fold higher lifetime rate of having ever used a condom, compared with a single lifetime partnership (PR = 3.9, 95% CI = 2.8-5.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reported prevalence of ever use of a condom amongst antenatal clinic attendees is low and inconsistent especially among HIV positive women. Deliberate effort should be used to ensure condom access, availability and correct and consistent use of condoms by women in all sexual acts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. gmsamanga@muhas.ac.tz
authors.forename: Gernard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Msamanga
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tchetgen
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiegelman
authors.forename: Mary Kay Smith
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Fawzi
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaaya
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Urassa
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Saidi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapiga
authors.forename: Wafaie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fawzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D015995:Prevalence; D021841:Safe Sex / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult