title: VSOP/Hv1 proton channels sustain calcium entry, neutrophil migration, and superoxide production by limiting cell depolarization and acidification.
abstract: Neutrophils kill microbes with reactive oxygen species generated by the NADPH oxidase, an enzyme which moves electrons across membranes. Voltage-gated proton channels (voltage-sensing domain only protein [VSOP]/Hv1) are required for high-level superoxide production by phagocytes, but the mechanism of this effect is not established. We show that neutrophils from VSOP/Hv1-/- mice lack proton currents but have normal electron currents, indicating that these cells have a fully functional oxidase that cannot conduct protons. VSOP/Hv1-/- neutrophils had a more acidic cytosol, were more depolarized, and produced less superoxide and hydrogen peroxide than neutrophils from wild-type mice. Hydrogen peroxide production was rescued by providing an artificial conductance with gramicidin. Loss of VSOP/Hv1 also aborted calcium responses to chemoattractants, increased neutrophil spreading, and decreased neutrophil migration. The migration defect was restored by the addition of a calcium ionophore. Our findings indicate that proton channels extrude the acid and compensate the charge generated by the oxidase, thereby sustaining calcium entry signals that control the adhesion and motility of neutrophils. Loss of proton channels thus aborts superoxide production and causes a severe signaling defect in neutrophils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Antoun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Chemaly
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okochi
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arnaudeau
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Demaurex
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006096:Gramicidin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C540876:Hv1 proton channel, mouse; D007473:Ion Channels; D007476:Ionophores; D013481:Superoxides; D006096:Gramicidin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D002118:Calcium