title: Aortic PWV in chronic kidney disease: a CRIC ancillary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a measure of arterial stiffness and has proved useful in predicting cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in several populations of patients, including the healthy elderly, hypertensives and those with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis. Little data exist characterizing aortic stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who are not receiving dialysis, and in particular the effect of reduced kidney function on aortic PWV.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed measurements of aortic PWV in a cross-sectional cohort of participants enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study to determine factors which predict increased aortic PWV in CKD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PWV measurements were obtained in 2,564 participants. The tertiles of aortic PWV (adjusted for waist circumference) were <7.7 m/s, 7.7-10.2 m/s, and >10.2 m/s with an overall mean (+/- s.d.) value of 9.48 +/- 3.03 m/s (95% confidence interval = 9.35-9.61 m/s). Multivariable regression identified significant independent positive associations of age, blood glucose concentrations, race, waist circumference, mean arterial blood pressure, gender, and presence of diabetes with aortic PWV and a significant negative association with the level of kidney function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The large size of this unique cohort, and the targeted enrollment of CKD participants provides an ideal situation to study the role of reduced kidney function as a determinant of arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness may be a significant component of the enhanced cardiovascular risk associated with kidney failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. townsend@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Raymond R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wimmer
authors.forename: Julio A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chirinos
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parsa
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: Kalyani
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Perumal
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lash
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Susan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Steigerwalt
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flack
authors.forename: Alan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Go
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafey
authors.forename: Mahboob
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheridan
authors.forename: Crystal A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gadegbeku
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Marshall
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joffe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D011674:Pulse; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014655:Vascular Resistance