title: Upregulation of fractalkine and its receptor, CX3CR1, is associated with coronary plaque rupture in patients with unstable angina pectoris.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies suggest that fractalkine (FKN or CX3CL1) and its cognate receptor, CX3CR1, play a role in atherogenesis, so the relationship between coronary plaque rupture, as observed by preintervention optical coherence tomography, and plasma levels of FKN and CX3CR1 was investigated in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 46 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), 30 patients with stable angina pectoris, and 25 healthy controls. The UAP patients underwent a preintervention optical coherence tomography study, which revealed that the number of patients with and without plaque rupture at the culprit site was 27 (rupture group) and 19 (non-rupture group), respectively. Plasma levels of soluble FKN (sFKN) and CX3CR1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The plasma levels of sFKN were significantly increased in UAP patients with plaque rupture compared with patients in the other groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that CD14(+)CD16(+)CX3CR1(+) monocytes and CD3(+)CX3CR1(+) lymphocytes were independent predictors of the presence of ruptured plaque.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increases in the FKN level and the number of CX3CR1-expressing mononuclear cells might contribute to coronary plaque rupture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikejima
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imanishi
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujioka
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuroi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitabata
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komukai
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akasaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000032:analysis; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1 / Q000097:blood*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D016015:Logistic Models; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000097:blood*; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012421:Rupture; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017252:CD3 Complex; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C515538:CX3CL1 protein, human; C095235:CX3CR1 protein, human; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; C428200:FCGR3B protein, human; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D017452:Receptors, IgG