title: Imaging of patients with hippocampal sclerosis at 7 Tesla: initial results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Focal epilepsies potentially can be cured by neurosurgery; other treatment options usually remain symptomatic. High-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the central imaging strategy in the evaluation of focal epilepsy. The most common substrate of temporal epilepsies is hippocampal sclerosis (HS), which cannot always be sufficiently characterized with current MR field strengths. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to demonstrate the feasibility of high-resolution MR imaging at 7 Tesla in patients with focal epilepsy resulting from a HS and to improve image resolution at 7 Tesla in patients with HS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients with known HS were investigated with T1-, T2-, T2(*)-, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-weighted sequences at 7 Tesla with an eight-channel transmit-receive head coil. Total imaging time did not exceed 90 minutes per patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-resolution imaging at 7 Tesla is feasible and reveals high resolution of intrahippocampal structures in vivo. HS was confirmed in all patients. The maximum non-interpolated in-plane resolution reached 0.2 x 0.2 mm(2) in T2(*)-weighted images. The increased susceptibility effects at 7 Tesla revealed identification of intrahippocampal structures in more detail than at 1.5 Tesla, but otherwise led to stronger artifacts. Imaging revealed regional differences in hippocampal atrophy between patients. The scan volume was limited because of specific absorption rate restrictions, scanning time was reasonable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-resolution imaging at 7 Tesla is promising in presurgical epilepsy imaging. "New" contrasts may further improve detection of even very small intrahippocampal structural changes. Therefore, further investigations will be necessary to demonstrate the potential benefit for presurgical selection of patients with various lesion patterns in mesial temporal epilepsies resulting from a unilateral HS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Essen University Hospital, D-45122 Essen, Germany. tobias.breyer@uk-essen.de
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Breyer
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wanke
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maderwald
authors.forename: Friedrich G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Woermann
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kraff
authors.forename: Jens M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Theysohn
authors.forename: Alois
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forsting
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ladd
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlamann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012598:Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity