title: Assessing functional mitral regurgitation with exercise echocardiography: rationale and clinical applications.
abstract: Secondary or functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) represents an increasing feature of mitral valve disease characterized by abnormal function of anatomically normal leaflets in the context of the impaired function of remodelled left ventricles. The anatomic and pathophysiological basis of FMR are briefly analyzed; in addition, the role of exercise echocardiography for the assessment of FMR is discussed in view of its relevance to clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy. Riccardo.Bigi@unimi.it
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bigi
authors.forename: Lauro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cortigiani
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bovenzi
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiorentini
mesh_terms: D004452:Echocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis