title: A link between impaired lung function and increased cardiac stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with impaired lung function often have systemic inflammation. C-reactive protein (CRP) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are markers for inflammation and cardiac stress, respectively.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between both markers and the potential impacts of lung disease on this relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  CRP and NT-proBNP were prospectively measured in 697 consecutive outpatients (57.5 +/- 16.4 years) with chronic dyspnea. The patients were stratified into quartiles according to CRP levels (quartile 1: median CRP 0.35 mg/l; quartile 2: 1.50 mg/l; quartile 3: 3.62 mg/l; quartile 4: 10.90 mg/l) and classified into 2 categories based on the presence (n = 176) or absence (n = 521) of heart disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with at least moderately severe airway obstruction and those with interstitial lung disease had higher CRP values than patients without lung disease (median 3.50 vs. 4.34 vs. 1.80 mg/l, respectively; p < 0.01). In patients without heart disease, NT-proBNP values increased from CRP quartiles 1-3 to quartile 4 (median 47.4 vs. 82.1 pg/ml; p < 0.01) after adjusting for important covariates such as age, sex, body mass index, renal function and arterial hypertension. Likewise, the values for NT-proBNP were lower in CRP quartiles 1-3 than in quartile 4 (median 212.0 vs. 647.7 pg/ml; p < 0.01) in patients with heart disease after additional adjustment for the type of cardiac disorder. Lung disease had no direct effect on the relationship between CRP and NT-proBNP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systemic inflammation that originates in the lung places an excess burden on the heart, which may contribute to the functional impairment of patients with advanced pulmonary disease.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum Offenburg, Offenburg, Germany. siegfried.wieshammer @ og.ortenau-klinikum.de
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wieshammer
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dreyhaupt
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Basler
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D002097:C-Reactive Protein