title: Validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory for use in end-stage renal disease patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for use in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and to compare the outcome of both screening measures with each other.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional and between-subjects design. The independent variable was the diagnosis depression by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The dependent variables were the HADS and BDI total score.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 130 patients with ESRD who were treated with haemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialyses in the Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital in Amsterdam were eligible for this study and were asked to fill out both HADS and BDI. The outcomes of both rating scales were compared with the diagnosis major depressive episode based on the MINI, which was seen as the gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to choose optimal cut-off values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 62 enrolled subjects, 21 (34%) were diagnosed with a depressive disorder. Optimal cut-off values were ≥12 (HADS) and ≥13 (BDI). Sensitivity was 81.0% (HADS) and 75.0% (BDI). Specificity was 90.2% for both.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both HADS and BDI are valid screening instruments for the diagnosis depression in ESRD patients but there is no statistical difference found between both rating scales.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Loosman
authors.forename: C E H
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Siegert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korzec
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Honig
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012372:ROC Curve; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012803:Sick Role