title: Modulatory action of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on mitomycin C-and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced genotoxicity in Swiss albino mice in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a structural analog of glucose is an effective inhibitor of glucose metabolism and ATP production. It selectively accumulates in cancer cells and interferes with glycolysis leading to cell death. 2-DG is shown to differentially enhance the radiation-induced damage in cancer cells both under euoxic and hypoxic conditions. A combination of 2-DG and ionizing radiation selectively destroys tumors while protecting the normal tissue. 2-DG is being advocated as an adjuvant in the radiotherapy and chemotherapy of cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present investigation focuses on the modulatory effect of 2-DG on mitomycin C- (MMC) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO)-induced cytogenetic damage in bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental animals were pretreated with 2-DG (500 mg/kg, i.p.) for five consecutive days followed by MMC (2 mg/kg, i.p) or 4-NQO (15 mg/kg, i.p.), 24 h prior to sacrifice. Control animals were given either the mixture of olive oil and acetone (3:1) or distilled water. Bone marrow cells were processed for the micronucleus assay and metaphase analysis for estimating cytogenetic damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2-DG significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the frequency of aberrant cells induced by MMC (approximately 90%) and 4-NQO (approximately 74%). Incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs) induced by the mutagens were reduced up to 68%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  2-DG effectively reduces the MMC-and 4-NQO-induced genotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohapatra
authors.forename: Arabandir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.forename: Gopalsamy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jayaraman
authors.forename: Sathiyavedu Thyagarajan
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Santhiya
authors.forename: Puthiya Mundayat
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gopinath
mesh_terms: D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009153:Mutagens; D016685:Mitomycin; D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide; D003847:Deoxyglucose