title: Mechanisms of microRNA-mediated gene regulation.
abstract: microRNAs (miRNAs) are identified as a class of non-protein regulators and a new source for broad control of gene expression in eukaryotes. The past years have witnessed substantial progress in understanding miRNA functions and mechanisms, although a few controversies remain. Various hypotheses and models have been suggested for the mechanisms of miRNA repression, including translational inhibition at the level of initiation or elongation, rapid degradation of the nascent peptide, mRNA degradation, and mRNA sequestration into P bodies (processing bodies) and SGs (stress granules) for degradation or/and storage. Recently, some noncanonical miRNA regulation, such as miRNA activation and de-repression of miRNA inhibition, have been uncovered. This review discusses some recent advances about how miRNAs regulate their targets and various modes of miRNA function.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Mo-Fang
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D020871:RNA Stability; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D012333:RNA, Messenger