Chemotherapy in canine acute megakaryoblastic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in dogs is a rare disease with poor prognosis. In most subjects, palliative treatment or euthanasia is performed. A 3.5-year-old male castrated labrador with AML-M7, which was treated with induction polychemotherapy (8 cycles) using vincristine (0.5 mg/m(2)/cycle), daunorubicin (20 mg/m(2)/cycle), cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C, 100 mg/m(2)/cycle) and prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) is reported. Treatment was well tolerated and complete remission was achieved. Postinduction chemotherapy consisted of ARA-C, daunorubicin and prednisolone. After 3, 5 and 18 months, the subject relapsed. Each relapse was treated with ARA-C (up to 1,000 mg/m(2)) and etoposide or daunorubicin. Again, no severe side-effects occurred and the disease was controlled, with 37 chemotherapy-cycles (ARA-C, 3 x 1,000 mg/m(2)/cycle), for 24 months. Based on a literature-search, this is the first report documenting a long-term response of canine AML, probably resulting from the high-dose ARA-C. Clinical trials using high-dose ARA-C are now required to confirm antileukemic efficacy in canine leukemias.
Willmann
Michael
M
Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria. michael.willmann@vu-wien.ac.at
Müllauer
Leonhard
L
Schwendenwein
Ilse
I
Wolfesberger
Birgitt
B
Kleiter
Miriam
M
Pagitz
Maximilian
M
Hadzijusufovic
Emir
E
Shibly
Sarina
S
Reifinger
Martin
M
Thalhammer
Johann G
JG
Valent
Peter
P
D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007947:Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012074:Remission Induction; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
D003561:Cytarabine; D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D011239:Prednisolone; D003630:Daunorubicin