title: Novel immunotherapies.
abstract: Multiple myeloma is still a fatal disease. Despite advances in high-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell transplantation and the development of novel therapeutics, relapse of the underlying disease remains the primary cause of treatment failure. Strategies for posttransplantation immunomodulation are desirable for eradication of remaining tumor cells. To this end, immunotherapy aimed at inducing myeloma-specific immunity in patients has been explored. Idiotype protein, secreted by myeloma cells, has been the primary target for immunotherapy as it is the best defined tumor-specific antigen. This chapter focuses on novel immunotherapies that are being developed to treat patients with myeloma. I will discuss potential myeloma antigens, antigen-specific T cells, and their function on myeloma tumor cells, and T-cell-based and antibody-based immunotherapies for myeloma. Furthermore, clinical studies of T-cell-based immunotherapy in the form of vaccination, allogeneic stem-cell transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusions, with or without donor vaccination using patient-derived idiotype, and future application of donor-derived or patient-derived, antigen-specific T-cell infusion in this disease are also discussed. Based on the specificity of the immune effector molecules and cells, immunotherapies with specific T cells or therapeutic antibodies may represent novel strategies for the treatment of multiple myeloma in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. qyi@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yi
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes / Q000276:immunology; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000276:immunology; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D000071176:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; C501126:DKK1 protein, human; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C448987:SLAMF7 protein, human; D000071176:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; C057264:antigen-specific helper factors; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; C546027:elotuzumab