title: Transient supersensitivity to alpha-adrenoceptor agonists, and distinct hyper-reactivity to vasopressin and angiotensin II after denervation of rat tail artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular 'denervation' hyper-reactivity has generally been investigated 1-2 weeks after administration of chemicals that temporarily prevent transmitter release, but do not necessarily inactivate the neuronal noradrenaline transporters (NETs). We have investigated the reactivity of rat tail arteries over longer periods after removing the terminals by surgical denervation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two and 7 weeks after denervation, myography was used to assess contractions of isolated arterial segments to phenylephrine, methoxamine, clonidine, vasopressin and angiotensin II (AII). Denervation was confirmed by lack of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive nerve terminals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NET inhibitor, desmethylimipramine, increased the pEC(50) for phenylephrine in control, but not denervated arteries after both 2 and 7 weeks. Relative to controls, pEC(50)s for phenylephrine (with desmethylimipramine), methoxamine, clonidine and vasopressin were increased at 2 but not 7 weeks after denervation. The pEC(50) for phenylephrine in the absence of desmethylimipramine was greater than control after both 2 and 7 weeks' denervation. The maximum contraction to vasopressin was larger than in controls at 2 but not 7 weeks after denervation, whereas contractions to AII were markedly enhanced at both time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased vascular reactivity to alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists, and vasopressin is transient following denervation. After 7 weeks, increased reactivity to phenylephrine can be entirely accounted for by the loss of NETs. Maintained supersensitivity to AII indicates that denervation differentially and selectively affects vascular reactivity to circulating vasoconstrictor agents. This might explain persistent vasoconstriction in denervated skin of humans after nerve injuries.
authors.affiliation: Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tripovic
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pianova
authors.forename: Elspeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: McLachlan
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brock
mesh_terms: D058646:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D009213:Myography; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013623:Tail / Q000098:blood supply; D013997:Time Factors; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D058646:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014667:Vasopressins; D010656:Phenylephrine