title: Postprandial metabolic responses to dietary glycemic index in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in postmenopausal women. While diet and lifestyle remain the cornerstones of prevention, a low-fat/high-carbohydrate diet is associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia-atherosclerotic risk factors affected by postprandial conditions. The objective of this study was to examine the acute response of lipids and insulin to a low-fat/high-carbohydrate meal with either a high-glycemic or a low-glycemic index in healthy postmenopausal women. Fifteen healthy postmenopausal women were enrolled in a randomized crossover dietary intervention study. Levels of glucose, triglyceride, free fatty acids (FFAs), and insulin were measured preprandially and for 240 minutes after consumption of the test meals. In response to the high-glycemic compared with the low-glycemic index meal, postprandial insulin levels had a higher peak (65.4 vs 48.1 microU/mL, respectively), the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was significantly higher (P=.014), serum triglyceride levels declined significantly (P<.001), and there was a small reduction in FFA levels, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. The results suggest a postprandial impact of glycemic index on cardiovascular metabolic biomarkers in postmenopausal women and may have implications for dietary glycemic modification of cardiovascular risk in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Radhika N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Bukkapatnam
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: Erdembileg
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anuurad
authors.forename: Sridevi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devaraj
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hyson
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rafii
authors.forename: Catharine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malmstein
authors.forename: Amparo C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Villablanca
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D006943:Hyperglycemia; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D017698:Postmenopause; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose