title: Development and performance of a new recombinant virus phenotypic entry assay to determine HIV-1 coreceptor usage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical trials of CCR5 antagonists have relied on the phenotypic determination of HIV-1 coreceptor usage. Few phenotypic assays are available, with few data on their concordance, and none has been designed to determine tropism from cell-associated HIV-1 DNA.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the performance of the new Toulouse Tropism Test (TTT) phenotypic assay to characterize HIV-1 tropism using blood plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
  
  
  METHODS
  434 plasma and 168 PBMC samples were tested with the TTT assay. We determined the correlation between our assay results on plasma samples and those of the commercial Trofile assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TTT assay determined the tropism of 97% of samples after successful amplification of the env gene. It performed well on both cell samples and plasma samples with various HIV-1 loads and subtypes. It detected 0.5% of minor CXCR4-using variants in the virus population. The TTT and the Trofile assays were >90% concordant for predicting HIV-1 tropism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have validated a new recombinant virus phenotypic assay for determining HIV-1 tropism using both plasma and cell samples from patients who are candidates for treatment with CCR5 antagonists.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U563, Toulouse, F-31300, France.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delobel
authors.forename: Maud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mavigner
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cazabat
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Souyris
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Encinas
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bruel
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sandres-Sauné
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marchou
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Massip
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Izopet
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000032:analysis*; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods*; D053586:Virus Internalization; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015728:Receptors, HIV; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus