title: Determination of spondylolisthesis in low back pain by clinical evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current guides recommend to evaluate the patients with low back pain complaints with initial clinical assessment and history, and to utilize radiological or other imaging technics, in case of possible diagnosis. The aim of this study was to compare the findings of radiological and clinical assessment, and validate the reliability of spondylolisthesis diagnosed with clinical assessment. This study is conducted on 100 patients with, and 30 patients without (control group) radiological diagnosis of spondylolisthesis, who had applied to Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Haydarpasa Numune Hospital with low back pain complaints in one and a half year. Clinic assessment was consisted of 20 parameters including examinations of motor system such as, sign of slipping observed on palpation and inspection, extension of trunk and increase in lumbar lordosis. Antero-posterior, lateral, oblique and lateral flexion/extension radiographies were used for radiological assessment. Slipping degree and lumbar lordosis angle were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women/men patients ratio was 91/9 in spondylolisthesis group and 22/8 in control group. Age of 69% of patients were 50 and over. In both groups, sciatalgia was observed in more than half of the patients, and no significant difference was detected in localization (p > 0.05). In clinical assessment, weak and drooping abdominal wall, paravertebral muscle hypertrophy, increase in lumbar lordosis, sign of slipping observed on palpation and inspection, hamstring muscle spasm, pain during lateral trunk flexion-extension tasks and during double leg raising task were found to be positively correlated with radiological assesment (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, a systematic clinical assessment was proved to be useful in determination of possible spondylolisthesis cases. Radiological assessments are required in order to make the diagnosis clear and to determine the grade and prognosis of spondylolisthesis. Advanced imaging techniques like MRI and CT have to be used when neurological symptoms are present, and when surgical intervention is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. banubolay@superonline.com
authors.forename: Banu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kalpakcioglu
authors.forename: Turgay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Altinbilek
authors.forename: Kazim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Senel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008141:Lordosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed