title: Analysis of gender-related differences in lower extremity peripheral arterial disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gender-related differences continue to challenge the management of lower extremity (LE) peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in women. We analyzed the time-trends in hospital care of such differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for patients with PAD from New York, New Jersey, and Florida state hospital inpatient discharge databases (1998-2007) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2.4 million PAD-related inpatient discharge records analyzed showed a slight decrease of inpatient procedures for both genders. Compared with men, women had 18% to 27% fewer PAD and 33% to 49% fewer vascular procedural hospitalizations (P < .0001). They were persistently more likely than men to be admitted emergently (56% vs 51% in 1998 and 57% vs 53% in 2007) and discharged to a nursing home. During the study period, the amputation rate declined by 36% in women and 21% in men with PAD, and similarly, open procedures decreased by 36% and 30%. Endovascular procedures, however, increased by 150% in women and 144% in men. Procedural mortality was 4.95% vs 4.37% for men (P < .0001). Female mortality rates were persistently higher after amputations (9.89% vs 8.90%, P < .0001), open (5.49% vs 4.00%, P < .0001), and endovascular procedures (2.87% vs 2.10%, P < .0001). Time trends showed improved mortality for men and women, with a stable difference between the two.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis of representative state administrative databases of inpatient care records demonstrated improvements in mortality and amputation rates over time. However, a gender-related disparity in PAD outcomes remains that merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Evidence and Policy, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Egorova
authors.forename: Ageliki G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Vouyouka
authors.forename: Jacquelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quin
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guillerme
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Faries
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D019992:Databases as Topic; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000639:trends; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000639:trends; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000639:trends; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data