title: [Application studies on the gene diagnosis and carrier detection of hemophilia A by using polymerase chain reaction-conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a simple, rapid and easy method for screening the gene mutation in hemophilia A, which was further applied to a direct diagnosis and carrier detection at gene level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four clinically diagnosed hemophilia pedigrees, including all the hemophilia patients and female members, were tested for the introns 22 and 1 in factor VIII gene by using inversion polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and regular PCR techniques. All the 26 exons of factor VIII gene were consecutively screened in the 17 patients manifesting non-inverted sequences in intron 22 by using PCR, subsequently all the 37 amplicons resulted from 26 exons were analyzed by conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE), finally the mutated exons were subjected to sequencing verification. According to the mutation results, mothers and twin sisters of the hemophilia probands were tested by CSGE or subjected to nucleotide sequencing directly, to ascertain if those individuals had the same mutation or were the carriers of disease-causing gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intron 22 inversion was detected in 7 hemophilia probands out of 24 hemophilia pedigrees, intron 1 inversion was not detected in these pedigrees. Single-base mutations distributed in different exons of factor VIII gene were detected in 13 pedigrees with family history and 3 sporadic pedigrees, diagnosed as non-inverted 22 intron patients. By comprehensive usage of PCR-CSGE and nucleotide sequencing, the positive rate and the diagnosable rate of gene diagnosis or carrier detection in the 24 hemophilia pedigrees was 94.12% and 100% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCR-CSGE is a highly sensitive and special assay for detecting single base mutation. By integrated utilization of introns 22 and 1 of factor VIII gene detection and PCR-CSGE genotyping, combining with nucleotide sequencing, a direct diagnosis of all hemophilia pedigrees be could nearly make at gene level, including the sporadic families. This method might be used to screen new mutation theoretically and ascertain the mutation type. It is a simple, rapid and low-cost method, possessing unique advantages in direct diagnosis of hemophilia A and carrier screening. It should have important application value in hemophilia diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Richardson Laboratory of Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. lillicrap@cliff.path.queensu.ca
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lillicrap
authors.forename: Guo-ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jayne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leggo
authors.forename: Yu-sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xian-hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Gui-xiang
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Li-hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel / Q000379:methods*; D005091:Exons; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005169:Factor VIII