title: Angiotensin receptor blocker reduces proteinuria independently of blood pressure in children already treated with Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) has higher antiproteinuric effects than single blockade in adults. In children, little is known on dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. The study investigates whether adding an ARB to proteinuric children already on ACEI reduces proteinuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10 children (median age 13.3 years) with chronic kidney disease and persistent proteinuria despite maximal dose of ACEI were included. Losartan was given at an initial dose 0.8 mg/kg/day. Proteinuria, blood pressure (BP) and renal function (glomerular filtration rate) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean proteinuria decreased from 484 +/- 290 mg/mmol creatinine to 223 +/- 197 after 1-3 months of losartan treatment and remained stable at 234 +/- 153, 224 +/- 177 and 195 +/- 133 after 3-6, 6-12 months and at the last follow-up check (median 1.9 years, p < 0.05 for all visits vs. before treatment). The median percentage decrease in proteinuria was 66, 56, 44 and 66% during the study periods. No significant change in BP, glomerular filtration rate or serum potassium was observed. One child complained of rash, which led to discontinuation of losartan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding an ARB to current ACEI treatment can further reduce proteinuria in children with chronic kidney disease without affecting BP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, 2nd School of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. tomas.seeman@lfmotol.cuni.cz
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seeman
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Misselwitz
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: John
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D019808:Losartan / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D003404:Creatinine; D019808:Losartan; D011188:Potassium