title: Substance abuser impulsivity decreases with a nine-month stay in a therapeutic community.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Substance abuse continues to be a major public health problem. Keeping substance abusers in treatment is a challenge, and researchers continue to investigate ways to increase retention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between impulsivity in substance abusers and length of stay in the context of therapeutic community.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale- 11 (BIS-11) was used to assess impulsivity in 138 substance abusers at admission and at nine months in a therapeutic community.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Impulsivity significantly decreased in subjects who completed nine months in the therapeutic community. Legal stipulation increased length of stay, on average, by three months. On admission, female participants were on average more impulsive than their male counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impulsivity decreased in subjects who remained in therapeutic community for nine months although self-reported impulsivity at baseline did not seem to be associated with retention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapeutic community factors contribute to a decrease in self-reported impulsivity and these factors might be enhanced to increase retention in therapeutic community.
authors.affiliation: Center of Substance Abuse Education, Prevention, and Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, School of Nursing, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bankston
authors.forename: Deidra D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Stanley G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Cron
authors.forename: L Kian
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Granmayeh
authors.forename: Marianne T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: F Gerard
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Moeller
authors.forename: Joy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Swank
authors.forename: Patricia R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Liehr
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D013808:Therapeutic Community; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome