S100A4 and metastasis: a small actor playing many roles.
The calcium-binding protein S100A4 promotes metastasis in several experimental animal models, and S100A4 protein expression is associated with patient outcome in a number of tumor types. S100A4 is localized in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and extracellular space and possesses a wide range of biological functions, such as regulation of angiogenesis, cell survival, motility, and invasion. In this review, we summarize the evidence connecting S100A4 and cancer metastasis and discuss the mechanisms by which S100A4 promotes tumor progression.
Boye
Kjetil
K
Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway. kjetil.boye@rr-research.no
Maelandsmo
Gunhild M
GM
D000818:Animals; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D011485:Protein Binding; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins; C077591:S100A4 protein, human