Inhibition of adaptive immune responses leads to a fatal clinical outcome in SIV-infected pigtailed macaques but not vervet African green monkeys.
African green monkeys (AGM) and other natural hosts for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) do not develop an AIDS-like disease following SIV infection. To evaluate differences in the role of SIV-specific adaptive immune responses between natural and nonnatural hosts, we used SIV(agmVer90) to infect vervet AGM and pigtailed macaques (PTM). This infection results in robust viral replication in both vervet AGM and pigtailed macaques (PTM) but only induces AIDS in the latter species. We delayed the development of adaptive immune responses through combined administration of anti-CD8 and anti-CD20 lymphocyte-depleting antibodies during primary infection of PTM (n = 4) and AGM (n = 4), and compared these animals to historical controls infected with the same virus. Lymphocyte depletion resulted in a 1-log increase in primary viremia and a 4-log increase in post-acute viremia in PTM. Three of the four PTM had to be euthanized within 6 weeks of inoculation due to massive CMV reactivation and disease. In contrast, all four lymphocyte-depleted AGM remained healthy. The lymphocyte-depleted AGM showed only a trend toward a prolongation in peak viremia but the groups were indistinguishable during chronic infection. These data show that adaptive immune responses are critical for controlling disease progression in pathogenic SIV infection in PTM. However, the maintenance of a disease-free course of SIV infection in AGM likely depends on a number of mechanisms including non-adaptive immune mechanisms.
Schmitz
Jörn E
JE
Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. jschmitz@bidmc.harvard.edu
Zahn
Roland C
RC
Brown
Charles R
CR
Rett
Melisa D
MD
Li
Ming
M
Tang
Haili
H
Pryputniewicz
Sarah
S
Byrum
Russell A
RA
Kaur
Amitinder
A
Montefiori
David C
DC
Allan
Jonathan S
JS
Goldstein
Simoy
S
Hirsch
Vanessa M
VM
D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000276:immunology; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D008254:Macaca nemestrina / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D014766:Viremia
D018951:Antigens, CD20