title: Diagnostic performance of multisequential cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in acute cardiac allograft rejection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) as a non-invasive test for cardiac allograft rejection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed CMR on 50 heart-transplant recipients. Acute rejection was confirmed in 11 cases by endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) and presumed in 8 cases with a recent fall in left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) not attributable to coronary allograft vasculopathy. Control patients had both normal LVEF and no significant rejection on EMB. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging evaluated myocardial function, oedema, and early and late post-Gadolinium-DTPA contrast enhancement. Patients with confirmed rejection demonstrated elevated early relative myocardial contrast enhancement (4.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.2, P < 0.001) and a trend to higher oedema suggested by higher relative myocardial intensity on T(2)-weighted imaging compared to controls (2.1 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.1, P = 0.1). With rejection defined as increased early contrast enhancement or myocardial oedema, the sensitivity and specificity of CMR compared with EMB were 100 and 73%, respectively. Eight patients with presumed rejection also had elevated early myocardial contrast enhancement compared with controls, (8.7 +/- 1.9 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.2, P < 0.05), which reduced following increased immunosuppression (8.7 +/- 1.9 vs. 4.6 +/- 1.2, P < 0.05). In these patients LVEF improved following increased immunosuppression (32 +/- 5 vs. 46 +/- 5%, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is a promising modality for non-invasive detection of cardiac allograft rejection.
authors.affiliation: Alfred Heart Centre and Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, Australia. andrew.taylor@bakeridi.edu.au
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Gautam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vaddadi
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pfluger
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergin
authors.forename: Angeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leet
authors.forename: Meroula
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Joshi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cherayath
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iles
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kaye
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000473:pathology*