title: Single nucleotide polymorphisms of gemcitabine metabolic genes and pancreatic cancer survival and drug toxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To show whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of drug metabolic genes were associated with toxicity of 2',2'-difluoro 2'-deoxycytidine (gemcitabine)-based chemoradiotherapy and overall survival (OS) of patients with pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 17 SNPs of the CDA, dCK, DCTD, RRM1, hCNT1, hCNT2, hCNT3, and hENT1 genes in 154 patients with potentially resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma who were enrolled in clinical trials at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) from February 1999 to January 2006, with follow-up until April 2009. Patients received neoadjuvant concurrent gemcitabine and radiation therapy with or without gemcitabine-cisplatin induction therapy. The association of genotypes with toxicity or OS was tested, respectively, by logistic regression and Cox regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the 17 SNPs, individually, had a significant association with OS. A combined genotype effect of CDA A-76C, dCK C-1205T, DCTD T-47C, hCNT3 C-69T, hENT1 T-549C, and hENT1 C913T on OS was observed. Patients carrying 0 to 1 (n = 43), 2 to 3 (n = 77), or 4 to 6 (n = 30) variant alleles had median survival time of 31.5, 21.4, and 17.5 months, respectively. The hazard ratio of dying was 1.71 (95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.76) and 3.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.77-5.63) for patients carrying two to three or four to six at-risk genotypes (P = 0.028 and P < 0.001), respectively, after adjusting for clinical predictors. CDA C111T, dCK C-1205T, dCK A9846G, and hCNT3 A25G, individually and jointly, had a significant association with neutropenia toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that polymorphic variations of drug metabolic genes were associated with toxicity of gemcitabine-based therapy and OS of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Milind
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Javle
authors.forename: Motofumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine