title: Renal vascular dysfunction precedes the development of renal damage in the hypertensive Fawn-Hooded rat.
abstract: It is unknown whether generalized vascular dysfunction precedes the development of kidney disease. Therefore, we studied myogenic constriction and endothelium-mediated dilatory responses in two inbred Fawn-Hooded (FH) rat strains, one of which spontaneously develops hypertension, proteinuria, and glomerulosclerosis (FHH), whereas the other (FHL) does not. Small renal, mesenteric resistance arteries and thoracic aorta isolated from FH rats before (7 wk old) and after the development of mild proteinuria (12 wks old) were mounted in perfused and isometric set-ups, respectively. Myogenic response, endothelium-dependent relaxation, and the contribution of endothelium-mediated dilatory compounds were studied using their respective inhibitors. Myogenic reactivity was assessed constructing pressure-diameter curves in the presence and absence of calcium. At the age of 7 wk, renal arteries isolated from kidneys of FHH rats developed significantly lower myogenic tone compared with FHL, most likely because of excessive cyclo-oxygenase 1-mediated production of constrictive prostaglandins. Consequently, young FHH demonstrated reduced maximal myogenic tone (22 +/- 4.8 vs. 10.8 +/- 2.0%, P = 0.03) and the peak myogenic index (-6.9 +/- 4.8 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.8%/mmHg, P = 0.07 for FHL vs. FHH, respectively). Active myogenic curves obtained in mesenteric arteries isolated from 7-wk-old rats did not differ between either strain, demonstrating a similar level of systemic myogenic tone in FHL and FHH rats. Therefore, before any renal end-organ damage is present, myogenic response seems selectively impaired in renal vasculature of FHH rats. Aortic reactivity did not differ between FHL and FHH at the time points studied. The present study shows that vascular dysfunction in both small renal and systemic arteries precedes renal end-organ damage in a spontaneous model of hypertension-associated renal damage. These early vascular changes might be potentially involved in the increased susceptibility of FHH rats to renal injury.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ochodnický
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: Hendrik J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Buikema
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Zeeuw
authors.forename: Abraham P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Provoost
authors.forename: Richard P E
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: van Dokkum
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000503:physiopathology; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011453:Prostaglandins; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C067410:endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; C496513:Ptgs1 protein, rat