title: Use of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents to detect transplanted liver cells.
abstract: Liver transplantation saves the lives of millions of patients every year. The advent of cell rather than organ transplantation could potentially further improve the success of this approach. However, one problem facing the delivery and the monitoring of cell transplants is their noninvasive in vivo visualization. Noninvasive imaging is needed for this. To distinguish transplanted cells from the host liver, it is necessary to either tag these using exogenous contrast agents (eg, iron oxide nanoparticles) or insert a reporter gene that could selectively identify transplanted cells. Nevertheless, these approaches face significant challenges such as providing sufficient signal-to-noise, cellular toxicity, or unequivocal detection. Preclinical studies are currently under way to refine these approaches with initial clinical trials being on the horizon for the next few years. A gradual refinement of these approaches and a robust clinical implementation promise a significant step in ensuring greater efficacy of cell transplants for the diseased liver.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Studies, School of Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puppi
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Modo
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003287:Contrast Media; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media