title: Prepregnancy depressive symptoms and preterm birth in the Black Women's Health Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between prepregnancy depressive symptoms and preterm birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study is a prospective investigation of prepregnancy depressive symptoms-measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)-and risk of preterm birth reported in the Black Women's Health Study. With data on 2,627 singleton births (175 spontaneous and 163 medically indicated preterm births and 2,289 term births), we used generalized estimating equation models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to mothers with CES-D scores less than 16, the multivariable ORs of spontaneous preterm birth for mothers with CES-D scores of 16-22, 23-32, and > or =33 were 1.17 (95% CI = 0.78-1.80), 1.20 (95% CI = 0.69-2.10), and 2.00 (95% CI = 0.94-4.25), respectively (p for trend = 0.09). There was little evidence of an association between prepregnancy depressive symptoms and medically indicated preterm birth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data provide some evidence of an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth among women with high prepregnancy depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Ghasi S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Janet W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Rich-Edwards
authors.forename: Meir J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology