title: Phenotypic spectrum of hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy caused by the SEPT9 R88W mutation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA), also known as hereditary brachial plexus neuropathy, has phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Mutations in the septin 9 (SEPT9) gene were recently identified in some HNA patients. The phenotypic spectrum of HNA caused by SEPT9 mutations is not well known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterise the phenotype of a large family of HNA patients with the SEPT9 R88W mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report clinical, electrophysiological, neuroimaging and genetic findings of six HNA patients from a Japanese family.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 17 neuropathic episodes identified were selectively and asymmetrically distributed in the upper-limb nerves. Severe pain was an initial symptom in 16 episodes (94%). Motor weakness occurred in 15 (88%) and sensory signs in 10 (59%). A minor dysmorphism, hypotelorism, was seen in all. Nerve conduction studies revealed focal demyelination as well as prominent axonal degeneration changes. Needle electromyography revealed chronic neurogenic patterns only in the upper limbs. An MRI study showed a gadolinium-enhanced brachial plexus. The missense mutation c.262C>T; p.R88W was found in exon 2 of SEPT9 in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SEPT9 R88W mutation in this family causes selective involvement of the brachial plexus and upper-limb nerves. Wider and more universal recognition of clinical hallmarks and genetic counselling are of diagnostic importance for HNA caused by the SEPT9 mutation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tateishi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakae
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motomura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohyagi
authors.forename: J-i
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000294:innervation; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000473:pathology; D020968:Brachial Plexus Neuritis / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000235:genetics; D020125:Mutation, Missense / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D058112:Septins; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; C474315:SEPTIN9 protein, human; D058112:Septins