title: Rapid prototyped PGA/PLA scaffolds in the reconstruction of mandibular condyle bone defects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Craniomaxillofacial bone defects are currently reconstructed by using computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) processes. We have developed a novel digital medical support system that enables us to custom-make scaffolds to repair craniomaxillofacial bone defects using three-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) images and a rapid-prototyping method.
  
  
  METHODS
  We created positive molds using CT data, CAD/CAM and a rapid prototyping method using 3D printing. Custom-made poly (glycolic acid) (PGA) and polymers poly (lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds were prefabricated by a positive-negative mold interchange technique. A laser scanning system was used to evaluate the accuracy of the PGA/PLA scaffold. Bone marrow stem cells were incubated with the scaffold to assess biocompatibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean error was <0.3 mm and confidence was >or=95% when the error was <1 mm. Results from in vitro cell culture demonstrated that the PGA/PLA scaffold had excellent cellular compatibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study suggests that custom-made PGA/PLA scaffolds infiltrated with bone marrow stem cells may be effective for future treatment of craniomaxillofacial bone injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jia-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Guo-Xiong
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Zhe-Yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Wei-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Song-Tao
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Ai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000648:ultrastructure; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011091:Polyesters; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D011108:Polymers; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide)