title: Evidence that isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) is devoid of anxiolytic and sedative effect.
abstract: Isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) is a well-known photo-initiator in ultraviolet light-cured inks frequently used in milk packaging materials, yoghurt, ready-to-feed infant formula, and other drinks. Traces of ITX have been found in milk and, as a consequence, there was considerable interest in studying the biological activity of this molecule and its potential hazard for the human health. Although the ITX genotoxic effects have been excluded by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is still examining its possible toxic potential depending on a dose-effect ratio. Little is known about the ITX activity on the function of the central nervous system and cerebral neurotransmitters. Using behavioural, biochemical, and electrophysiological tests, the authors have found that: (1) ITX did not exert an in vivo anxiolytic or sedative effect when administered orally to rats; (2) ITX did not affect the binding characteristics of central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors studied in vitro; and (3) ITX did not influence the ability of gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) to increase the chloride channel permeability studied by patch clamp technique in a single neuron of cultured cerebellar granule cells.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena I-41100, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Campioli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zavatti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Avallone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Puia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Losi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baraldi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005506:Food Contamination; D005515:Food Labeling; D018857:Food Packaging; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012307:Risk Factors; D013892:Thioxanthenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D013892:Thioxanthenes; C518329:isopropyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one