title: Extrathoracic esophageal elongation (Kimura's technique): a feasible option for the treatment of patients with complex esophageal atresia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of all patients who underwent an extrathoracic esophageal elongation (EEE) (Kimura's technique) and determine its role, among other surgical options, for the treatment of patients with complex esophageal atresia (EA) who have a previously created esophagostomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 1997 and September 2008, we performed 20 EEEs. Twelve patients were males and 8 were females. The diagnoses were type C EA (n = 12), type A EA (n = 5), type B EA (n = 2), and type D EA (n = 1). Mean age at the initiation of the EEE was 10 months (range, 3-25 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of this report, 15 of the 20 patients have finished the treatment, 4 patients are still in the process of elongation, and one patient (premature, with a birth weight of 685 g) died before the final esophageal reconstruction. Of the 15 patients who finished the treatment, 12 (80%) completed it satisfactorily and 3 (20%) had to be prematurely interrupted. (In 2 patients, despite multiple attempts, the upper pouch could not be adequately elongated, and in one patient, an early perforation of the upper pouch precluded further elongations.) Of the 12 patients who completed the treatment satisfactorily, 10 (83%) are asymptomatic and exclusively on oral alimentation, whereas 2 (17%) have a pseudodiverticulum and esophageal dysmotility (requiring supplemental alimentation through a gastrostomy). Five of the 12 patients have gastroesophageal reflux (2 required a Nissen fundoplication and 3 are being treated medically).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that the EEE is a useful surgical option for a selected group of patients with complex long-gap EA who required a primary esophagostomy and also for patients with any type of EA who developed severe complications after a primary repair and required a secondary esophagostomy. With this technique, we avoided an esophageal replacement in 80% of cases, and given that the EEE does not invalidate a later esophageal replacement, we believe that the EEE is a feasible initial option for these patients.
authors.affiliation: National Children's Hospital Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamburri
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laje
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boglione
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinez-Ferro
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000601:surgery*; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004944:Esophagoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D004946:Esophagostomy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D016896:Treatment Outcome