title: Work-up of the constipated patient.
abstract: Constipation is a common problem. Evaluation of patients should include a detailed history and clinical examination followed by radiologic and physiologic testing. The order of testing is dependent on patient symptoms and physician preference. The options are described along with their limitations.
authors.affiliation: Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. birnbaume@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Elisa H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Birnbaum