title: Mechanism and role of high density lipoprotein-induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in endothelial cells.
abstract: The upstream signaling pathway leading to the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by high density lipoprotein (HDL) and the role of AMPK in HDL-induced antiatherogenic actions were investigated. Experiments using genetic and pharmacological tools showed that HDL-induced activation of AMPK is dependent on both sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors and scavenger receptor class B type I through calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase and, for scavenger receptor class B type I system, additionally serine-threonine kinase LKB1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. HDL-induced activation of Akt and endothelial NO synthase, stimulation of migration, and inhibition of monocyte adhesion and adhesion molecule expression were dependent on AMPK activation. The inhibitory role of AMPK in the adhesion molecule expression and monocyte adhesion on endothelium of mouse aorta was confirmed in vivo and ex vivo. On the other hand, stimulation of ERK and proliferation were hardly affected by AMPK knockdown but completely inhibited by an N17Ras, whereas the dominant-negative Ras was ineffective for AMPK activation. In conclusion, dual HDL receptor systems differentially regulate AMPK activity through calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase and/or LKB1. Several HDL-induced antiatherogenic actions are regulated by AMPK, but proliferation-related actions are regulated by Ras rather than AMPK.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomura
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Doon-Soon
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mogi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurose
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Fumikazu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Okajima
mesh_terms: D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D054737:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D049349:Receptors, Lysosphingolipid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D049349:Receptors, Lysosphingolipid; C495124:SCARB1 protein, human; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C109790:STK11 protein, human; D054737:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase; D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases