title: Differences in TMS-evoked responses between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls can be observed without a dedicated EEG system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) has been hampered by the large artifact that the TMS generates in the EEG. Using TMS with EEG necessitates a sophisticated artifact-resistant EEG system that can acquire reliable signals in the crucial several tens of milliseconds immediately following the TMS pulse. Here, we demonstrate the use of a novel artifact removal algorithm together with a 24-bit EEG system to achieve similar recordings as those obtained with the dedicated TMS-compatible EEG system.
  
  
  METHODS
  This setup was used to compare TMS-evoked responses between a group of healthy controls and a group of patients with schizophrenia, a condition in which effective neural connectivity is thought to be compromised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observe differences in TMS-evoked responses between the two groups, similar to those recently reported in a study that used a dedicated TMS-compatible EEG system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The standard 24-bit EEG system combined with an artifact removal algorithm produces results similar to the dedicated TMS-compatible system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paves the way for more researchers and clinicians to use TMS-evoked responses for research and diagnosis of a wide spectrum of disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics of Complex Systems, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. navalb@idc.ac.il
authors.forename: Nava
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Levit-Binnun
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Litvak
authors.forename: Hillel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: Elisha
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: Menashe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaroor
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peled
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult