Production, characterization and application of activated carbon from brewer's spent grain lignin.
Different types of activated carbon were prepared by chemical activation of brewer's spent grain (BSG) lignin using H(3)PO(4) at various acid/lignin ratios (1, 2, or 3g/g) and carbonization temperatures (300, 450, or 600 degrees C), according to a 2(2) full-factorial design. The resulting materials were characterized with regard to their surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution, and used for detoxification of BSG hemicellulosic hydrolysate (a mixture of sugars, phenolic compounds, metallic ions, among other compounds). BSG carbons presented BET surface areas between 33 and 692 m(2)/g, and micro- and mesopores with volumes between 0.058 and 0.453 cm(3)/g. The carbons showed high capacity for adsorption of metallic ions, mainly nickel, iron, chromium, and silicon. The concentration of phenolic compounds and color were also reduced by these sorbents. These results suggest that activated carbons with characteristics similar to those commercially found and high adsorption capacity can be produced from BSG lignin.
Mussatto
Solange I
SI
IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. solange@deb.uminho.pt
Fernandes
Marcela
M
Rocha
George J M
GJ
Orfão
José J M
JJ
Teixeira
José A
JA
Roberto
Inês C
IC
D000327:Adsorption; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002606:Charcoal / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008670:Metals / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016062:Porosity; D012639:Seeds / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
D002241:Carbohydrates; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008670:Metals; D010636:Phenols; D002606:Charcoal; D002244:Carbon; D008031:Lignin; D009584:Nitrogen