Possible roles of human (pro)renin receptor suggested by recent clinical and experimental findings.
Numerous in vitro and in vivo animal studies using the (pro)renin receptor (P)RR blocker handle region peptide have suggested an important role of (P)RR in the pathogenesis of end-stage organ damage in patients with diabetes and hypertension. In addition, a limited number of clinical studies have suggested an association between (P)RR gene polymorphisms and blood pressure levels and between (P)RR mRNA levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNA levels in human arteries. However, recent studies have shown that the (P)RR is divided into its soluble form and a residual hydrophobic part, which includes ATPase 6 associated protein 2, within cells. Therefore, the (P)RR may have a more complex function than previously thought. In addition, the physiological roles of the (P)RR remain undetermined, because the construction of (P)RR null mice has not been successful. As a next step for research in this area, a method for determining the soluble (P)RR levels in plasma and urine and the construction of tissue-specific (P)RR-knockout mice are needed to elucidate the roles of the (P)RR in physiology and pathophysiology.
Ichihara
Atsuhiro
A
Department of Endocrinology & Anti-Aging Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. atzichi@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp
Sakoda
Mariyo
M
Kurauchi-Mito
Asako
A
Narita
Tatsuya
T
Kinouchi
Kenichiro
K
Murohashi-Bokuda
Kanako
K
Itoh
Hiroshi
H
D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000502:physiology; D000093342:Prorenin Receptor
C458319:ATP6AP2 protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases; D000093342:Prorenin Receptor