title: 6-Hz primed low-frequency rTMS to contralesional M1 in two cases with middle cerebral artery stroke.
abstract: This case study contrasted two subjects with stroke who received 6-Hz primed low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the contralesional primary motor area (M1) to disinhibit ipsilesional M1. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed that the intervention disrupted cortical activation at contralesional M1. Subject 1 showed decreased intracortical inhibition and increased intracortical facilitation following intervention during paired-pulse TMS testing of ipsilesional M1. Subject 2, whose precentral knob was totally obliterated and who did not show an ipsilesional motor evoked potential at pretest, still did not show any at posttest; however, her fMRI did show a large increase in peri-infarct zone cortical activation. Behavioral results were mixed, indicating the need for accompanying behavioral training to capitalize on the brain organization changes induced with rTMS.
authors.affiliation: Program in Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA. carey007@umn.edu
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Bernadette T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Gillick
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whitford
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual-Leone
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004576:Electromyography; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010291:Paresis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome