title: Current and historically used pesticides in residential soil from 11 homes in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
abstract: We used a multiresidue, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-based method to measure seven pyrethroid, five organophosphorus (OP), and six organochlorine pesticides in soil collected from 11 Atlanta homes in 2006. Our objective was to collect preliminary data for a larger study of pesticide exposures among Atlanta children. The pyrethroid insecticides (cis- and trans-permethrin, bioallethrin) were the most commonly detected analytes, giving evidence of widespread outdoor use among our study homes. Our pyrethroid insecticide detection frequencies were higher than those reported in a recent study of Ohio and North Carolina homes; however, our maximum values were approximately half of those reported. We detected the target OP pesticides in only a few samples, but we found two restricted-use OP pesticides--methyl parathion and terbufos--and thus possible evidence of illegal residential use or environmental persistence in soil. We also detected dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDE) in samples from six homes. Although our small sample size limits comparison to other studies, our results provide evidence that residential soil is a potential source of human exposure to both current and historically used pesticides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. arieder@emory.edu
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Riederer
authors.forename: Kimberly D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Dana B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: P Barry
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005845:Georgia; D006798:Housing / Q000592:standards*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010575:Pesticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants