title: Systemic and local applications of steroids in endodontics: an update review.
abstract: Up to 80% of endodontic patients who report with preoperative pain continue to experience some level of pain following the endodontic procedure. Various classes of drugs have been studied for the management of post-treatment endodontic pain. Since endodontic pain is often associated with chronic inflammation, the presence of bacterial by-products, influx of primed immune cells and activation of the cytokine network and other inflammatory mediators, pain may be reduced by administration of glucocorticoid steroids. The aim of this paper is to review the pharmacology and mechanisms of actions of steroids as well as their indications for endodontics, contraindications, dosages and side-effects.
authors.affiliation: Hamedan Dental School, Department of Endodontics, Hamedan, Iran. mohammadi_zahed@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zahed
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003707:Demeclocycline / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012390:Root Canal Therapy; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D013256:Steroids; D003707:Demeclocycline; C001527:Ledermix; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide