title: Bone stress injuries in the Army cadets of Pakistan Military Academy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone stress injuries are common among army cadets during training period and these injuries give rise to morbidity and loss of training hours. Some cadets with stress fractures re-join their duties while some are kept out of services resulting in attrition and economic loss. A retrospective analysis of bone stress injuries of one hundred and twenty cadets between June 2006 and Dec 2007 was conducted from the case documents available at Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology & Radiotherapy (INOR) Abbottabad.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The occurrence of stress fractures among cadets at Pakistan Military Academy, presenting with exercise induced pain was 68.3% amongst these cadets. Seventy fours percent of the fractures were labelled grade-I. High grade fractures were confined to tibia. Tibia was the commonest site of stress fractures in both sexes, accounting for about 73% of all stress fractures. Fifty percent of these patients were labelled as having shin splints and 3% as thigh splints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the stress injuries were confined to the tibia. The referral was considered early as most of the stress injuries were of low grade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy (INOR) Abbottabad, Pakistan. kamranjee@gmail.com
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Amjad Aziz
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Shakil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeilani
authors.forename: Zahid R
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult