title: Autonomous effects of shear stress and cyclic circumferential stretch regarding endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress: an ex vivo arterial model.
abstract: Cyclic circumferential stretch and shear stress caused by pulsatile blood flow work in concert, yet are very different stimuli capable of independently mediating endothelial function by modulating eNOS expression, oxidative stress (via production of superoxide anion) and NO bioavailability. Porcine carotid arteries were perfused using an ex vivo arterial support system for 72 h. Groups we created by combining normal (5%) and reduced (1%) stretch with high shear (6 +/- 3 dynes/cm(2)) and oscillatory shear (0.3 +/- 3 dynes/cm(2)) stress while maintaining a pulse pressure of 80 +/- 10 mm Hg. Oscillatory flow and reduced stretch both proved detrimental to endothelial function, whereas oscillatory flow alone dominated total endogenous vascular wall superoxide anion production. Yet, when superoxide anion production was analyzed in just the endothelial region, we observed that it was modulated more significantly by reduced cyclic stretch than by oscillatory shear, emphasizing an important distinction between shear- and stretch-mediated effects to the vascular wall. Western blotting analysis of eNOS and nitrotyrosine proved that they too are more significantly negatively modulated by oscillatory flow than by reduced stretch. These findings point out how shear and stretch stimulate regions of the vascular wall differently, affecting NO bioavailability and contributing to vascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. tyler.thacher@epfl.ch
authors.forename: Tyler N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Thacher
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Silacci
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stergiopulos
authors.forename: Rafaela F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular; D023421:Models, Animal; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010477:Perfusion; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D013481:Superoxides; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C060505:neutrophil cytosolic factor 1; D001920:Bradykinin