title: Defined factors induce reprogramming of gastrointestinal cancer cells.
abstract: Although cancer is a disease with genetic and epigenetic origins, the possible effects of reprogramming by defined factors remain to be fully understood. We studied the effects of the induction or inhibition of cancer-related genes and immature status-related genes whose alterations have been reported in gastrointestinal cancer cells. Retroviral-mediated introduction of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell genes was necessary for inducing the expression of immature status-related proteins, including Nanog, Ssea4, Tra-1-60, and Tra-1-80 in esophageal, stomach, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, and cholangiocellular cancer cells. Induced cells, but not parental cells, possessed the potential to express morphological patterns of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, which was supported by epigenetic studies, indicating methylation of DNA strands and the histone H3 protein at lysine 4 in promoter regions of pluripotency-associated genes such as NANOG. In in vitro analysis induced cells showed slow proliferation and were sensitized to differentiation-inducing treatment, and in vivo tumorigenesis was reduced in NOD/SCID mice. This study demonstrated that pluripotency was manifested in induced cells, and that the induced pluripotent cancer (iPC) cells were distinct from natural cancer cells with regard to their sensitivity to differentiation-inducing treatment. Retroviral-mediated introduction of iPC cells confers higher sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents and differentiation-inducing treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Norikatsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Hideshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Koshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mimori
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.forename: Mitsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekimoto
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doki
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D000090205:DNA Methyltransferase 3A; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D000090205:DNA Methyltransferase 3A; D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B; C000717967:DNMT3A protein, human; C084119:MSX2 protein; C475540:Nanog protein, mouse; C000605730:PAX6 protein, human; C000605732:Pax6 protein, mouse; C527783:Sox2 protein, mouse