title: Reliability of temporal summation and diffuse noxious inhibitory control.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The test-retest reliability of temporal summation (TS) and diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) has not been reported to date. Establishing such reliability would support the possibility of future experimental studies examining factors affecting TS and DNIC. Similarly, the use of manual algometry to induce TS, or an occlusion cuff to induce DNIC of TS to mechanical stimuli, has not been reported to date. Such devices may offer a simpler method than current techniques for inducing TS and DNIC, affording assessment at more anatomical locations and in more varied research settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study assessed the test-retest reliability of TS and DNIC using the above techniques. Sex differences on these measures were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated measures ANOVA indicated successful induction of TS and DNIC, with no significant differences across test-retest occasions. Sex effects were not significant for any measure or interaction. Intraclass correlations indicated high test-retest reliability for all measures; however, there was large interindividual variation between test and retest measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results indicate acceptable within-session test-retest reliability of TS and DNIC. The results support the possibility of future experimental studies examining factors affecting TS and DNIC.
authors.affiliation: University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia. Stuart.Cathcart@postgrads.unisa.edu.au
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cathcart
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Winefield
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rolan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lushington
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult