title: Sexually transmitted infections among HIV-1-discordant couples.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More new HIV-1 infections occur within stable HIV-1-discordant couples than in any other group in Africa, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may increase transmission risk among discordant couples, accounting for a large proportion of new HIV-1 infections. Understanding correlates of STIs among discordant couples will aid in optimizing interventions to prevent HIV-1 transmission in these couples.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-1-discordant couples in which HIV-1-infected partners were HSV-2-seropositive were tested for syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis, and HIV-1-uninfected partners were tested for HSV-2. We assessed sociodemographic, behavioral, and biological correlates of a current STI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 416 couples enrolled, 16% were affected by a treatable STI, and among these both partners were infected in 17% of couples. A treatable STI was found in 46 (11%) females and 30 (7%) males. The most prevalent infections were trichomoniasis (5.9%) and syphilis (2.6%). Participants were 5.9-fold more likely to have an STI if their partner had an STI (P<0.01), and STIs were more common among those reporting any unprotected sex (OR = 2.43; P<0.01) and those with low education (OR = 3.00; P<0.01). Among HIV-1-uninfected participants with an HSV-2-seropositive partner, females were significantly more likely to be HSV-2-seropositive than males (78% versus 50%, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatable STIs were common among HIV-1-discordant couples and the majority of couples affected by an STI were discordant for the STI, with relatively high HSV-2 discordance. Awareness of STI correlates and treatment of both partners may reduce HIV-1 transmission.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00194519.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America. brguth@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Brandon L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Kiarie
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Grace C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: John-Stewart
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kinuthia
authors.forename: William L H
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Whittington
authors.forename: Carey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farquhar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology