title: [A duplex nested PCR assay detecting of Vibrio cholerae and its application on environmental specimens].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a duplex nested PCR assay system which is capable for detecting O1 and O139 groups of Vibrio cholerae simultaneously, and is applicable to environmental specimens from routine cholera surveillance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on nucleic acid sequences available in GenBank, six sets of primers were designed by PrimerSelect program of DNAStar, targeting the rfb gene that encodes the O antigens of O1 and O139 V. cholerae, respectively. The specificity of several primer combinations was tested. A duplex nested PCR assay system for simultaneously detecting O1 and O139 V. cholerae was established, subsequently, its sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and field evaluation were tested. The sensitivity of this assay was evaluated by comparing detection limits of nested PCR and conventional PCR. Its reproducibility was tested by 32 positive samples (11 samples positive for O1, 21 samples positive for O139) from environmental surveillance. In addition, the selected amplicons from positive samples were sequenced and analyzed with relevant sequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This newly-established duplex nested PCR assay might distinguish O1 V. cholerae from O139 V. cholerae, based on fragment lengths of amplicons, with reliable reproducibility, and no specific amplification was observed as compared with other vibrio species. The sensitivity of this nested PCR was (15 000) higher than conventional PCR, and there was no interference observed with multiple primers and complicated templates in the same vial. In its field evaluation, 32 positive DNA samples were detected and be further confirmed with double or triple tests, implying reliable reproducibility and consistency of this system. These results indicated that this assay had reliable reproducibility. No amplification was observed in all negative specimens and also suggested the acceptable specificity of this assay. Sequence analysis of the selected amplification products revealed 100% homogeneous with relevant genes from V.cholerae, indicating that these amplicons were originated from V. cholerae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This duplex nested PCR assay system should be rapid, sensitive and especially applicable to small laboratories, and be suitable for dynamic environmental surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China. zhyjcap@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ai-ping
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xin-ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Hai-bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jin-song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yan-sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Wei-zhi
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Duo-chun
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kan
mesh_terms: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D041241:Vibrio cholerae O1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D041242:Vibrio cholerae O139 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial