title: Intonation contrast in Cantonese speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria associated with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Speech produced by individuals with hypokinetic dysarthria associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a number of features including impaired speech prosody. The purpose of this study was to investigate intonation contrasts produced by this group of speakers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Speech materials with a question-statement contrast were collected from 14 Cantonese speakers with PD. Twenty listeners then classified the productions as either questions or statements. Acoustic analyses of F0, duration, and intensity were conducted to determine which acoustic cues distinguished the production of questions from statements, and which cues appeared to be exploited by listeners in identifying intonational contrasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that listeners identified statements with a high degree of accuracy, but the accuracy of question identification ranged from 0.56% to 96% across the 14 speakers. The speakers with PD used similar acoustic cues as nondysarthric Cantonese speakers to mark the question-statement contrast, although the contrasts were not observed in all speakers. Listeners mainly used F0 cues at the final syllable for intonation identification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data contribute to the researchers' understanding of intonation marking in speakers with PD, with specific application to the production and perception of intonation in a lexical tone language.
authors.affiliation: Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany. jma@qmu.ac.uk
authors.forename: Joan K-Y
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Tara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Whitehill
authors.forename: Susanne Y-S
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: So
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D003463:Cues; D004401:Dysarthria / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D010700:Phonetics; D013067:Speech Perception