title: Left ventricular volumetry in healthy children and adolescents: comparison of two different real-time three-dimensional matrix transducers with cardiovascular magnetic resonance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the accuracy of different hardware and software settings for left ventricular (LV) volume quantification in children using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The impact of different matrix transducers (IE 33, X3-1 and VIVID 7, V3) and quantification software settings [TOMTEC; contour-finding activity (tCFA) values ranging from 30 to 70 U] on the accuracy of LV indices was tested in 24 healthy children/adolescents (median = 12.6 years) and 25 paediatric patients with Tetralogy-of-Fallot (TOF) (median = 7.3 years) with abnormally shaped ventricles. RT3DE was compared with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) volumetry as reference. Best agreement (Bland-Altman analysis) was achieved using a tCFA value of 30 U. Applying the V3 device, end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) were underestimated by 14.8 +/- 10.6% (mean +/- SD) and 11.2 +/- 16.3%, respectively (r = 9.42, P < 0.001 and r = 0.937, P = 0.003); with the X3-1 system 24.2 +/- 11.0 and 14.6 +/- 15.2%, respectively (r = 0.951, P < 0.001 and r = 0.912, P = 0.001). Negligible differences <1% (P = n.s.) between both transducers were detected applying a tCFA value of 70 U but with significant underestimation (EDV: approximately 35%, P < 0.001; ESV: approximately 26%, P < 0.001) compared with CMR. EDV and ESV of TOF patients were underestimated by 3.2 +/- 15.4 and 8.1 +/- 22.6%, respectively. Intra- and interobserver variability was <4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to recommendations of the manufacturer, data sets from both RT3DE transducers showed acceptable agreement to CMR for volumetric parameters only for low tCFA. Fine-tuning of software settings is mandatory to improve accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Center of Congenital Heart Disease, Heart and Diabetes Center Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany. tlaser@hdz-nrw.de
authors.forename: Kai Thorsten
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Laser
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bunge
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hauffe
authors.forename: Jorge Roberto Palacios
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Argueta
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kelter-Klöpping
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarikouch
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Burchert
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kececioglu
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Körperich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003201:Computers; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012984:Software; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult