title: Application of quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) for the determination of the total viable count (TVC) on meat samples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To apply a quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) method to determine the total viable count (TVC) on meat samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using two sets of primers to target the ribonuclease-P (RNase P) RNA transcripts of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, standard curves were generated using the LightCycler 2.0 instrument (Roche Diagnostics). RNA standards were extracted from known cell numbers and subsequently converted to cDNA for the construction of standard curves for quantification of the TVC of beef carcass swabs (n = 60) and beef (n = 30), chicken (n = 50) and pork (n = 49) pieces. A high correlation between the standard plate count method and the qRT-PCR was observed for beef swabs (R(2) = 0·93) and beef pieces (R(2) = 0·82). The correlation coefficient for chicken pieces and pork pieces were R(2) = 0·34 and 0·55, respectively. Using beef pieces (n = 13), an interlaboratory study was conducted and each participating laboratory (n = 3) found a reasonable degree of agreement between the cultural method and the PCR method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The qRT-PCR assay used in this study can enumerate the total bacteria on beef samples with a high degree of accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The qRT-PCR method may have the potential to be applied to various sample types as an alternative rapid method for determining TVCs; however, further validation would be required.
authors.affiliation: Food Safety Department, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Dublin, Ireland. anthonydolan@rcsi.ie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanning
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duffy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D017931:DNA Primers; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012329:RNA, Bacterial