title: Elevated pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic mucosal lipids characterise irritable bowel syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by comparing the global mucosal metabolic profiles of IBS patients with those of healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen IBS patients fulfilling the Rome II criteria, and nine healthy volunteers were included in the study. A combined lipidomics (UPLC/MS) and metabolomics (GC x GC-TOF) approach was used to achieve global metabolic profiles of mucosal biopsies from the ascending colon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, lipid levels were elevated in patients with IBS. The most significant upregulation was seen for pro-inflammatory lysophosphatidylcholines. Other lipid groups that were significantly upregulated in IBS patients were lipotoxic ceramides, glycosphingolipids, and di- and triacylglycerols. Among the metabolites, the cyclic ester 2(3H)-furanone was almost 14-fold upregulated in IBS patients compared to healthy subjects (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IBS mucosa is characterised by a distinct pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic metabolic profile. Especially, there was an increase in several lipid species such as lysophospholipids and ceramides.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kajsa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kajander
authors.forename: Eveliina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Myllyluoma
authors.forename: Sinikka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kyrönpalo
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Pentti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sipponen
authors.forename: Ismo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mattila
authors.forename: Tuulikki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seppänen-Laakso
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vapaatalo
authors.forename: Matej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oresic
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korpela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D008875:Middle Aged