title: Wt1 is required for cardiovascular progenitor cell formation through transcriptional control of Snail and E-cadherin.
abstract: The epicardial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is hypothesized to generate cardiovascular progenitor cells that differentiate into various cell types, including coronary smooth muscle and endothelial cells, perivascular and cardiac interstitial fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. Here we show that an epicardial-specific knockout of the gene encoding Wilms' tumor-1 (Wt1) leads to a reduction in mesenchymal progenitor cells and their derivatives. We show that Wt1 is essential for repression of the epithelial phenotype in epicardial cells and during embryonic stem cell differentiation through direct transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding Snail (Snai1) and E-cadherin (Cdh1), two of the major mediators of EMT. Some mesodermal lineages do not form in Wt1-null embryoid bodies, but this effect is rescued by the expression of Snai1, underscoring the importance of EMT in generating these differentiated cells. These new insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating cardiovascular progenitor cells and EMT will shed light on the pathogenesis of heart diseases and may help the development of cell-based therapies.
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Genetics Unit and Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Ofelia M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Martínez-Estrada
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lettice
authors.forename: Abdelkader
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Essafi
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Guadix
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slight
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Velecela
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reichmann
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Devenney
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hohenstein
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hosen
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Chapuli
authors.forename: Nicholas D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Hastie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000378:metabolism; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D055879:Gene Knock-In Techniques; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010496:Pericardium / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D025721:WT1 Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; C000604407:SNAI1 protein, human; C000604429:Snai1 protein, mouse; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025721:WT1 Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins