title: Proanthocyanidins in buckwheat flour can reduce salivary nitrite to nitric oxide in the stomach.
abstract: Buckwheat flour, which is used for various dishes in the world, is a good source of proanthocyanidins. Proanthocyanidins in the buckwheat flour reduced nitrous acid producing nitric oxide (NO) when the flour was suspended in acidified saliva or in acidic buffer solution in the presence of nitrite. The ingestion of dough prepared from buckwheat flour increased the concentration of NO in the air expelled from the stomach, suggesting that the proanthocyanidins also reduced nitrite to NO in the stomach. During the production of NO by the buckwheat flour/nitrous acid systems, oxidation, nitration, and nitrosation of proanthocyanidins proceeded. The increase in the concentration of NO could improve the activity of stomach helping the digestion of ingested foods and the nitration and nitrosation of the proanthocyanidins could contribute to the scavenging of reactive nitrogen oxide species generated from NO and nitrous acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Kyushu Dental College, Kitakyushu, Japan. takahama@kyu-dent.ac.jp
authors.forename: Umeo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Takahama
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects; D019612:Fagopyrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009573:Nitrites; D028321:Plant Preparations; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide