title: Molecular evidence of persistent epidemic and evolution of subgenotype B1 coxsackievirus A16-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease in China.
abstract: The molecular epidemiology of CVA16 in China between 1999 and 2008 reflects a pattern of endemic cocirculation of clusters B1a and B1b within subgenotype B1 viruses. The annual evolution rate of CVA16 was estimated as approximately 0.91 x 10(-2) substitutions per synonymous nucleotide/year and is slightly lower than that of HEV71.
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 27, Nanwei Road, Xuanwu District, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dongyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Shuangli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shengcang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Deshan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.forename: Junjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hongqiu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Aiqiang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006232:Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017354:Point Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral