title: ED antibiotic use for acute respiratory illnesses since pneumonia performance measure inception.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to determine if emergency department (ED)-administered antibiotics for patients discharged home with nonpneumonia acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) have increased since national pneumonia performance measure implementation, including antibiotic administration within 4 hours of arrival.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Time series analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six university and 7 Veterans Administration EDs participating in the Improving Antibiotic Use for Acute Care Treatment (IMPAACT) trial (randomized educational intervention to reduce antibiotics for bronchitis).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomly selected adult (age >18 years) ED visits for acute cough, diagnosed with nonpneumonia ARIs, discharged home during winters (November-February) of 2003 to 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time trend in ED-administered antibiotics, adjusted for patient demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, ED length of stay, IMPAACT intervention status, geographic region, Veterans Administration/university setting, and site and provider level clustering.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six thousand four hundred seventy-six met study criteria. Three hundred ninety-four (6.1%) received ED-administered antibiotics. Emergency department-administered antibiotics did not increase across the study period among all IMPAACT sites (odds ratio [OR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-1.01) after adjusting for age, congestive heart failure history, temperature higher than 100 degrees F, heart rate more than 100, blood cultures obtained, diagnoses, and ED length of stay. The ED-administered antibiotic rate decreased at IMPAACT intervention (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69-0.93) but not nonintervention sites (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.91-1.19). Adjusted proportions receiving ED-administered antibiotics were 6.1% (95% CI, 2.7%-13.2%) for 2003 to 2004; 4.8% (95% CI, 2.2%-10.0%) for 2004 to 2005; 4.6% (95% CI, 2.7%-7.8%) for 2005 to 2006; and 4.2% (95% CI, 2.2%-8.0%) for 2006 to 2007.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency department-administered antibiotics did not increase for patients with acute cough discharged home with nonpneumonia ARIs since pneumonia antibiotic timing performance measure implementation in these academic EDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. christopher.fee@ucsfmedctr.org
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fee
authors.forename: Joshua P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Metlay
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Judith H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Maselli
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzales
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents