title: A role for Rho GTPases and cell-cell adhesion in single-cell motility in vivo.
abstract: Cell migration is central to embryonic development, homeostasis and disease, processes in which cells move as part of a group or individually. Whereas the mechanisms controlling single-cell migration in vitro are relatively well understood, less is known about the mechanisms promoting the motility of individual cells in vivo. In particular, it is not clear how cells that form blebs in their migration use those protrusions to bring about movement in the context of the three-dimensional cellular environment. Here we show that the motility of chemokine-guided germ cells within the zebrafish embryo requires the function of the small Rho GTPases Rac1 and RhoA, as well as E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer we demonstrate that Rac1 and RhoA are activated in the cell front. At this location, Rac1 is responsible for the formation of actin-rich structures, and RhoA promotes retrograde actin flow. We propose that these actin-rich structures undergoing retrograde flow are essential for the generation of E-cadherin-mediated traction forces between the germ cells and the surrounding tissue and are therefore crucial for cell motility in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kardash
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reichman-Fried
authors.forename: Jean-Léon
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Maître
authors.forename: Bijan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boldajipour
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papusheva
authors.forename: Esther-Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Messerschmidt
authors.forename: Carl-Philipp
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Heisenberg
authors.forename: Erez
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D015027:Zebrafish; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000502:physiology*; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein