title: Outcomes following iodine-125 monotherapy for localized prostate cancer: the results of leeds 10-year single-center brachytherapy experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study reports the 10-year experience of permanent brachytherapy monotherapy at a single UK center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 1995 and September 2004, 1,298 patients underwent trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) planned transperineal brachytherapy delivering 145 Gy using I-125. No patient received supplemental external beam; 44.2% received neoadjuvant hormones. In 688, CT postimplant dosimetry was available. Outcome data were analyzed in terms of overall survival (OS), disease specific survival (DSS), and PSA relapse-free survival (PSA-RFS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 62.9 (range, 34-83) years. Median follow-up was 4.9 years (range, 2.03-11.7 years). OS and DSS were 85% and 95%, respectively, at 10 years. Twenty-one patients died from prostate cancer (1.6%) and 34 (2.5%) from unrelated causes. Seventy-four (5.7%) developed evidence of clinical failure. Overall PSA-RFS was 79.9% and 72.1% at 10 years (American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology [ASTRO] and Nadir+2 definitions, respectively). Higher presenting PSA or Gleason score and use of neoadjuvant hormones were associated with an increased risk of biochemical failure (p <0.01). Biochemical control was achieved in 86.4%, 76.7%, and 60.6% (ASTRO) and 72.3%, 73.5%, and 57.6% (Nadir+2) of patients in low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively. Biochemical control was achieved in 88% of patients with D(90) > or =140 Gy and in 78% of patients with D(90) <140 Gy (p <0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  I-125 brachytherapy alone achieved excellent rates of medium-term biochemical control in both low- and selected intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer patients. Postimplant dosimetry improved with experience and longer follow-up, confirming the relationship of D(90) with biochemical control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Oncology, St. James's Institute of Oncology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom. Ann.Henry@leedsth.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Bashar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Al-Qaisieh
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bownes
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bottomley
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ash
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D002423:Cause of Death; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012016:Reference Values; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen