title: A phase Ib/IIa trial to evaluate the CCK2 receptor antagonist Z-360 in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the combination of the gastrin antagonist Z-360 and gemcitabine for advanced pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Previously untreated patients with PC were randomly allocated to Z-360 120 mg, 240 mg or placebo. Z-360/placebo was given on day -3 and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) commenced on day 1 followed by Z-360 on day 2. Thereafter Z-360/placebo was given twice daily concurrently with standard dose of gemcitabine. Pharmacokinetics for both drugs was measured alone and in combination. Toxicity, response and quality of life were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three patients with a median age of 62 years were randomised of which six had locally advanced disease and 26 had metastatic disease. Analysis of the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC), the maximum observed concentration (Cmax(obs)) and the time of the maximum observed concentration (Tmax(obs)) for Z-360, gemcitabine and 2,2-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU), could not exclude an effect on the systemic exposure to Z-360, gemcitabine and dFdU when co-administration of Z-360 and gemcitabine was compared with single agent administration. The most commonly reported adverse events were nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and fatigue. At the end of the study, 62.5%, 25% and 60% had stable disease in the 120 mg, 240 mg and placebo group, respectively. A higher proportion of patients in Z-360 groups reported improvement in pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Z-360 is safe and well tolerated when combined with gemcitabine. A Phase III trial is needed to determine whether the combination of Z-360 and gemcitabine is superior to gemcitabine alone in advanced PC.
authors.affiliation: UCL, London, UK. t.meyer@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Caplin
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larvin
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coxon
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Borbath
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D001570:Benzodiazepinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D043887:Receptor, Cholecystokinin B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D001570:Benzodiazepinones; D005755:Gastrins; D043887:Receptor, Cholecystokinin B; C528831:Z-360; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine