title: Correlation of CSF proinflammatory cytokines with MRI in tuberculous meningitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the correlation of proinflammatory cytokines (PCs), intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in CSF of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and also to look for the changes in imaging parameters after antitubercular treatment (ATT) in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with TBM (median age, 27.7 years) and 30 age-/sex-matched controls were included in this study. PCs were quantified from the CSF of TBM patients at the time of hospital admission (baseline). MRI including DTI was performed at the time of baseline study and 6 months after ATT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant positive correlation of PCs with fractional anisotropy (FA) values and post-contrast signal intensity (PCSI) collected from cerebral cortical regions was observed in TBM patients. A significant positive correlation of FA values with PCSI was also observed at both time points in patient groups. At baseline study significantly high FA values were observed in patients compared to controls. Significantly decreased FA values and PCSI were observed in the patients after 6 months of ATT compared to the baseline study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study suggest that the DTI-derived anisotropy have the potential to delineate meningeal inflammation and it may be used in assessment of therapeutic response in TBM patients as an additional method to conventional imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Chaynika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: Anuradha H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Keshavan
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Kashi N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Ram Kishore S
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Rathore
authors.forename: Richa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014390:Tuberculosis, Meningeal / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors