title: Biochemical responses of juvenile and adult Japanese quails to cyanobacterial biomass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences between juvenile and adult Japanese quails in responses to the exposure to cyanobacterial biomass in the diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  The OECD 205 Guideline on Avian Dietary Toxicity Test (1984) was employed in the experiment. A total of 75 freshly hatched chicks and 30 adults were exposed to cyanobacterial biomass for 15 days and blood sampled daily and on days 5, 10 and 15, respectively. Japanese quail chicks and adults received the same daily dose of approximately 224.4 ng microcystins per gram of body weight. Biochemical responses were compared against controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No Japanese quail chicks and adults died during the acute 15-day-cyanobacterial-biomass exposure. Biochemical responses to the biomass in diet were first observed from day 5 post exposure to cyanobacterial biomass both in chicks and adults and there were age-related differences in the parameters changed. The responses of adult birds included an increase in lactate dehydrogenase, a drop in glucose and the total antioxidant capacity as well as a 15 to 20 % inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. Japanese quail chicks exposed to cyanobacterial biomass for the first 15 days after hatching reacted by having hypoproteinaemia, increased concentrations of triglycerides, uric acid and the total antioxidant capacity and a drop in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chicks were not found to be more susceptible to the effects of biomass exposure. It seems that, due to their physiological preparation for the oxidative stress associated with hatching, Japanese quail chicks were even better able to cope with the cyanobacterial-biomass-induced oxidative stress than adults.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peckova
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bandouchova
authors.forename: Klara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hilscherova
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Damkova
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sedlackova
authors.forename: Frantisek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vitula
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paskova
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pohanka
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kohoutek
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pikula
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003370:Coturnix / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000458:Cyanobacteria; D004032:Diet; D007019:Hypoproteinemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D014527:Uric Acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase