title: Adding moxifloxacin is associated with a shorter time to culture conversion in pulmonary tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether adding moxifloxacin (MXF) to the standard anti-tuberculosis regimen can shorten the time to sputum culture conversion in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults with culture-positive PTB were divided into two treatment groups by their choice: standard regimen alone (HERZ group) and standard regimen plus daily 400 mg MXF in the first 2 months (MXF group). Sputum samples were collected thrice weekly in the first 8 weeks. The propensity score was calculated to estimate the conditional probability of entering the MXF group. Factors influencing time to culture conversion were investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis stratified by propensity score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-two patients were enrolled in the MXF group and 88 in the HERZ group; respectively 51 and 72 completed the study. The regimen was modified before culture conversion in respectively 6 (12%) and 12 (16%; P = 0.47) patients, due to adverse effects. The time to culture conversion was shorter in the MXF group (HR 2.1, 95%CI 1.4-3.2). The culture conversion rate after 6 weeks of treatment was respectively 82% and 61% (P = 0.011, <0.05/4, calculated using the modified Bonferroni method).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding MXF to the standard anti-tuberculosis regimen in the first 2 months was associated with a shorter time to culture conversion, a higher 6-week culture conversion rate and reduced transmission of tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J-T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T-H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: C-J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: P-R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hsueh
authors.forename: L-N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P-C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011804:Quinolines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D013624:Taiwan; D013997:Time Factors; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D000077266:Moxifloxacin