title: Evaluating the policy of setting up microscopy centres at township hospitals in Shandong China: experience from patients and providers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since 2004 the China Ministry of Health policy has required microscopy centres (MCs) to be set up in one third of township hospitals nationally, to improve the accessibility of sputum smear testing for TB in rural areas. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of MCs in Shandong province from both patient and provider perspectives.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey of 245 TB suspects was conducted in 8 counties of Shandong stratified by MC performance. Seventy-two health providers and administrators were interviewed at the township and county levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  General performance of MC was poor. In 2006, the high and low performance groups checked on average 190 and 24 TB suspects, respectively. The majority of TB suspects who visited a MC did not have their sputum checked, or sputum was checked but the result was not recorded. TB suspects who visited a MC tended to live closer to it and had better knowledge of the MC than those who visited the county TB dispensary (CTD) directly. Patients with severe TB symptoms tended to go directly to the CTD. No significant difference in medical expenses before the TB diagnosis or diagnostic delay was found between TB suspects who visited a MC and those who did not. Several reasons were identified. The policy tried to set up too many MCs regardless of transportation conditions. It lacked operational details. Township hospitals had limited funding, qualified staff, and technical support from the CTD. The existing referral incentive discouraged sputum checks at the MC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The national MC policy fell short of its goals in Shandong. Neither patients nor providers were interested in using MC in its current form. Policy recommendations are given.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. Xiaolin.wei@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Renzhong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guanyang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walley
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Newell
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006780:Hospitals, Rural / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007755:Laboratories, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008828:Microbiological Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000458:organization & administration; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015397:Program Evaluation; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014186:Transportation; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000523:psychology