title: Pharmacological dependency in chronic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite evidence of the overuse of acid suppressive medication for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a transfer to noncontinuous therapy after long-term treatment proves difficult.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the effect of blinded dosage reduction after long-term therapy on symptom control and quality of life while assessing pharmacological and placebo needs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary care patients with a history of GERD and long-term treatment were randomized to daily placebo with pantoprazole rescue (n = 141) or daily pantoprazole with placebo rescue (n = 62) upon relief after 4 weeks pantoprazole 20 mg. The number of rescue tablets, symptom control and generic quality of life were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measured from the daily placebo arm, 19% of the patients terminated treatment, 33% managed with 2-6 tablets/week, 38% needed a daily dosage and 10% needed more than a daily dosage in the long run. At these final dosages, symptom control and quality of life were dosage-independent and, furthermore, equal to values of patients on fixed daily pantoprazole. A temporal decrease in well-being was seen in 24% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant placebo response is apparent in long-term users of acid suppressive medication and pharmacological dependency is overestimated. Despite their history of long-term treatment, the majority of GERD patients can be switched from daily to on-demand treatment without impairing symptom control and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. a.w.vandervelden@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: van der Velden
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Quartero
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grobbee
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Numans
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011788:Quality of Life; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D000077402:Pantoprazole