Congenital neutropenia.
Congenital neutropenia comprises a variety of genetically heterogeneous phenotypic traits. Molecular elucidation of the underlying genetic defects has yielded important insights into the physiology of neutrophil differentiation and function. Non-syndromic variants of congenital neutropenia are caused by mutations in ELA2, HAX1, GFI1, or WAS. Syndromic variants of congenital neutropenia may be due to mutations in genes controlling glucose metabolism (SLC37A4, G6PC3) or lysosomal function (LYST, RAB27A, ROBLD3/p14, AP3B1, VPS13B). Furthermore, defects in genes encoding ribosomal proteins (SBDS, RMRP) and mitochondrial proteins (AK2, TAZ) are associated with congenital neutropenia syndromes. Despite remarkable progress in the field, many patients with congenital neutropenia cannot yet definitively be classified by genetic terms. This review addresses diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of congenital neutropenia and covers recent molecular and pathophysiological insights of selected congenital neutropenia syndromes.
Klein
Christoph
C
Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany. klein.christoph@mhhannover.de
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D008247:Lysosomes; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000151:congenital* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D013577:Syndrome; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D051316:Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C498275:GFI1 protein, human; C104759:HAX1 protein, human; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C495767:WAS protein, human; D051316:Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000263:Adenylate Kinase; C110938:adenylate kinase 2; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase