title: Efficacy of plain radiography and computer tomography in localizing the site of pelvic arterial bleeding in trauma patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immediate angiography is warranted in pelvic trauma patients with suspected arterial injury (AI) in order to stop ongoing bleeding. Prior to angiography, plain pelvic radiography (PPR) and abdominopelvic computer tomography (CT) are performed to identify fracture and hematoma sites.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if PPR and CT can identify the location of AI in trauma patients undergoing angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  95 patients with pelvic fractures on PPR (29 women, 66 men), at a mean age of 44 (9-92) years, underwent pelvic angiography for suspected AI. Fifty-six of them underwent CT additionally. Right and left anterior and posterior fractures on PPR were registered, and fracture displacement was recorded for each quadrant. Arterial blush on CT was registered, and the size of the hematoma in each region was measured in cm(2). AIs were registered for anterior and posterior segments of both internal iliac arteries. Presence of fractures, arterial blush, and hematomas were correlated with AI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presence of fracture in the corresponding skeletal segment on PPR showed sensitivity and specificity of 0.86 and 0.58 posteriorly, and 0.87 and 0.44 anteriorly. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.77 and 0.69, respectively. Fracture displacement on PPR >0.9 cm posteriorly and >1.9 cm anteriorly revealed specificity of 0.84. Sensitivities of arterial blush and hematoma on CT were 0.38 and 0.82 posteriorly, and 0.24 and 0.82 anteriorly. The specificities were 0.96 and 0.58 posteriorly, and 0.79 and 0.53 anteriorly, respectively. For hematomas, the AUC was 0.79 posteriorly and 0.75 anteriorly. Size of hematoma >22 cm(2) posteriorly and >29 cm(2) anteriorly revealed specificity of 0.85 and 0.86, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT findings of arterial blush and hematoma predicted site of arterial bleeding on pelvic angiography. Also, PPR predicted the site of bleeding using location of fracture and size of displacement. In the hemodynamically unstable patient, PPR may contribute equally to effective assessment of injured arteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital - Ullevål, Oslo, Norway. johannd@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Johann B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dormagen
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tötterman
authors.forename: Olav
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Røise
authors.forename: Leiv
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sandvik
authors.forename: Nils-E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Kløw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D001158:Arteries / Q000293:injuries*; D002648:Child; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006406:Hematoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007472:Iohexol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide