title: Accelerated two- and three-dimensional cine MR imaging of the heart by using a 32-channel coil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare accelerated real-time two-dimensional (2D) and segmented three-dimensional (3D) cine steady-state free precession magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques by using a 32-channel coil with a conventional 2D cine imaging approach for imaging the heart and to evaluate any difference caused by free breathing and breath holding for real-time imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this institutional review board-approved HIPAA-compliant study, 10 healthy volunteers and 22 consecutive patients who were suspected of having or were known to have heart disease underwent cardiac MR imaging by using a 32-channel coil. A conventional multisection 2D real-time cine sequence was used as the reference standard, and three additional accelerated cine sequences were implemented. Volumetric parameters, including ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume(SV), and myocardial mass, were derived. Wall motion and image quality were assessed by two radiologists. In addition, image time was registered. An additional set of images was acquired by using real-time sequences with free breathing, and quantitative measurements were compared with measurements on images obtained with breath holding. For quantitative analysis, repeated-measures analysis of variance, paired t test, and Bland-Altman analysis were used; for qualitative analysis, nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All volumetric measurements were significantly correlated with those of the standard sequence (r > 0.80, P < .01). No significant difference among protocols was observed in terms of mean levels for EF or ESV (P > .05). However, a significant difference was indicated for EDV and SV (P < .01).The accelerated protocols had significantly shorter image times (P < .001). Wall motion scores were concordant with the standard sequence in 43-44 (93%-96%) segments for the accelerated protocols, with a strong interreader agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient, > or =0.93). No significant difference was identified between real-time protocols with free breathing and those with breath holding for measurement of volumetric parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accelerated real-time 2D and segmented 3D cine techniques are comparable to the standard clinical protocol in assessment of left ventricular global and regional parameters in substantially shorter image times.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. amirdavarpanah@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Amir H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Davarpanah
authors.forename: Yu-Po
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kino
authors.forename: Cormac T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Farrelly
authors.forename: Aoife N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Keeling
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: Ann B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ragin
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Weale
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zuehlsdorff
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric