title: A designer ligand specific for Kv1.3 channels from a scorpion neurotoxin-based library.
abstract: Venomous animals immobilize prey using protein toxins that act on ion channels and other targets of biological importance. Broad use of toxins for biomedical research, diagnosis, and therapy has been limited by inadequate target discrimination, for example, among ion channel subtypes. Here, a synthetic toxin is produced by a new strategy to be specific for human Kv1.3 channels, critical regulators of immune T cells. A phage display library of 11,200 de novo proteins is designed using the alpha-KTx scaffold of 31 scorpion toxin sequences known or predicted to bind to potassium channels. Mokatoxin-1 (moka1) is isolated by affinity selection on purified target. Moka1 blocks Kv1.3 at nanomolar levels that do not inhibit Kv1.1, Kv1.2, or KCa1.1. As a result, moka1 suppresses CD3/28-induced cytokine secretion by T cells without cross-reactive gastrointestinal hyperactivity. The 3D structure of moka1 rationalizes its specificity and validates the engineering approach, revealing a unique interaction surface supported on an alpha-KTx scaffold. This scaffold-based/target-biased strategy overcomes many obstacles to production of selective toxins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Molecular Pediatric Sciences, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Takacs
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toups
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kollewe
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Luis G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Cuello
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Driessens
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biancalana
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.forename: Cristiano G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ponte
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perozo
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Gajewski
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suarez-Kurtz
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.forename: Steve A N
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015195:Drug Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051664:Kv1.3 Potassium Channel / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019151:Peptide Library; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015202:Protein Engineering; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D012604:Scorpion Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051664:Kv1.3 Potassium Channel; D008024:Ligands; D009498:Neurotoxins; D019151:Peptide Library; D010455:Peptides; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012604:Scorpion Venoms; C547059:mokatoxin-1