title: Thiazolidinediones and the risk of incident strokes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the use of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) decreases the risk of incident strokes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a nested case-control study within a population-based cohort from the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD). The cohort comprised patients over the age of 40 who were prescribed a first oral hypoglycemic agent between 1 January 1988 and 30 June 2008. Cases included all subjects who experienced a first stroke during follow-up. Up to 10 controls were matched to each case on age (+/-2 years), sex, date of cohort entry (+/-1 year), and duration of follow-up. Rate ratios (RRs) of stroke associated with TZD use, including rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, relative to combinations of other oral hypoglycemic agents, were estimated using conditional logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cohort comprised 75 717 users of oral hypoglycemic agents, of whom 2417 had a stroke during follow-up. The rate of stroke in users of TZDs given as monotherapy (RR: 1.20, 95%CI: 0.77, 1.86) or in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents (RR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.58, 1.04) was not lower than combinations of other oral hypoglycemic agents. The RRs were similar for rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that TZDs do not appear to decrease the incidence of first strokes.
authors.affiliation: McGill Pharmacoepidemiology Research Unit, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Azoulay
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schneider-Lindner
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dell'aniello
authors.forename: Kristian B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Filion
authors.forename: Samy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suissa
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones