title: Modified approach to construct a vascularized coral bone in rabbit using an arteriovenous loop.
abstract: The most important factor for the survival of thick three-dimensional tissues is the degree of vascularization. In this study, a modified arteriovenous loop (AVL) model was developed to prefabricate an axial vascularized tissue-engineered coral bone. In group A (n = 28), an arteriovenous fistula between rabbit femoral artery and vein was anastomosed to form an AVL. The AVL was placed in a coral block (6 x 8 x 10 mm (3)) as a vascular carrier. The complex was wrapped with polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and implanted subcutaneously. In group B (n = 20), there was no vascular carrier, and the same dimensional coral was directly implanted beneath inguinal skin. After 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, the rabbits were perfused with heparinized saline (for scanning electron microscopy), India ink (for histological examination), and ethylene perchloride (for vascular casts) via the abdominal aorta. In group A, histology showed that newly formed vasculature extended over the surfaces and invaded the entire coral blocks. The vascular density was significantly superior to that in group B. Vascular casts showed that new blood vessels robustly sprouted from the AVL. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that there were minute sprouting cavities in the vascular endangium. In this model, an axial vascularized coral bone could be effectively constructed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Qing-shan
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hong-tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Fu-lin
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xi-tuan
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Yan-pu
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jun-rui
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tian-qiu
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000098:blood supply / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005263:Femoral Artery; D005268:Femoral Vein; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D023421:Models, Animal; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene