title: [Endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorhea].
abstract: Endoscopic surgery due to its high efficacy and relatively minor intraoperative trauma became a standard of transnasal csf leak treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  was to present, basing on our own experience, diagnostic and therapeutic methods of treatment of various types of csf rhinorhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  All together 14 endoscopic skull base reconstructions were performed. The bony defect and dural perforations were closed using: fat grafts, septal bone or cartilage, mucosal flaps of the septum or nasal concha, artificial dura and collagen sponge with fibrin glue. The defect was localized by high resolution computed tomography, magnetic resonance cisternography, neuronavigation system and fluorecein test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete closure of the defect and resolution of the csf leak after the first attempt was achieved in 92,3% of patients. In one case the rhinorhea was successfully stopped after the second reconstructive procedure. No adverse reaction of intrathecal fluorescein administration were noted in our patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic surgeons have a wide variety of diagnostic tools and operative techniques at their disposal for precise localization and management of csf rhinorhea. The key for high efficacy of the treatment is appropriate selection of diagnostic and surgical method depending on cause, type, size and localization of the leak.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Otolaryngologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego W Białymstoku. sieska@interia.pl
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sieśkiewicz
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Łysoń
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rogowski
authors.forename: Zenon
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mariak
mesh_terms: D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000601:surgery*; D005004:Ethmoid Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D005205:Fascia / Q000637:transplantation; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000601:surgery*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000637:transplantation; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000637:transplantation; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D011044:Poland; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive