title: Burnout in the mental health workforce: a review.
abstract: There are enormous concerns regarding the recruitment, retention, training, and performance of the behavioral health workforce. Paramount among these concerns is turnover, which causes disruption in continuity of care, diminishes access to care while a position remains vacant, and poses financial hardship on the provider organization through costs related to recruitment, orientation, and training of a new hire. There is frequent mention of burnout within the literature and among behavioral health managers as a potential cause of turnover. However, there is no recent or comprehensive review of burnout that examines the evidence surrounding its validity, utility, and potential relationship to turnover. The purpose of this paper is to provide such a review by examining the construct of burnout, methodological and measurement issues, its prevalence in the mental health workforce, correlates of burnout, and interventions to decrease it. The implications for provider organizations and recommendations for future research are identified.
authors.affiliation: The Hispanic Clinic, School of Medicine, Yale University, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. manuel.paris@yale.edu
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hoge
mesh_terms: D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000523:psychology*; D003156:Community Mental Health Services; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D010560:Personnel Selection; D010563:Personnel Turnover; D015995:Prevalence; D000078329:Workforce