title: Criteria for assessing esophageal motility in laparoscopic adjustable gastric band patients: the importance of the lower esophageal contractile segment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Esophageal function appears critical in laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) patients; however, conventional motility assessments have not proven to be clinically useful. Recent combined video fluoroscopic and high-resolution manometric studies have identified important components of esophageal function in LAGB patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Successful and symptomatic LAGB patients, with normal or mildly impaired esophageal peristalsis, underwent a standardized, water swallow, high-resolution manometry protocol designed specifically to assess the lower esophageal contractile segment (LECS), in combination with conventional measures of esophageal motility. Differences in response to changes in LAGB volume were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 101 symptomatic and 29 successful patients. More symptomatic patients had a mild impairment in esophageal motility (39.6% vs. 3.4%, p < 0.005). Successful patients demonstrated an intact LECS during normal swallows more frequently than symptomatic patients (95% vs. 43%, p < 0.005). Absolute intraluminal pressures were not different between the groups. Removing all fluid from the LAGB revealed more hypotensive swallows in the symptomatic patients (30% vs. 17%, p = 0.002), an effect not observed when the LAGB volume was increased (8% vs. 5%, p = 0.21). Receiver operator characteristic analysis determined that an intact LECS in 70% of normal swallows defined normal motility in LAGB patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LECS is a valuable measure of esophageal function in LAGB patients and complements conventional manometric criteria. Symptomatic patients have less normal swallows; however, these also frequently demonstrate a deficient LECS. Further information can be elucidated by performing swallows at differing LAGB volumes. High-resolution manometry, using these adapted criteria, is now a useful in the investigation in symptomatic LAGB patients.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), Monash Medical School, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Rd Prahran, 3181, Melbourne, Australia. paul.burton@med.monash.edu.au
authors.forename: Paul Robert
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Wendy A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laurie
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hebbard
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D049630:Esophageal Sphincter, Lower / Q000502:physiology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000502:physiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss