title: Dual-energy CT angiography in the evaluation of intracranial aneurysms: image quality, radiation dose, and comparison with 3D rotational digital subtraction angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the image quality, radiation dose, and diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy CT angiography (CTA) compared with 3D rotational digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the detection of intracranial aneurysms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six patients with clinically suspected intracranial aneurysms underwent dual-source dual-energy CTA and 3D DSA. For the analysis of the image quality and radiation dose of dual-energy CTA, 46 patients who underwent digital subtraction CTA were recruited as a control group. The image quality of dual-energy CTA and digital subtraction CTA was rated on a 4-point scale as excellent, good, moderate, or poor. The radiation dose of CTA was recorded according to patient protocol. Aneurysm detection with dual-energy CTA compared with 3D DSA was analyzed on a per-patient and on a peraneurysm basis. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for aneurysm presence were determined. The mean maximum diameter and dome and neck dimensions of aneurysms were measured on dual-energy CTA and 3D DSA images. Correlation analysis between the two techniques was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistical difference between the image quality of dual-energy CTA and that of digital subtraction CTA (p>0.05). Patients undergoing dual-energy CTA received a smaller radiation dose (volume CT dose index, 20.6+/-0.1 mGy [mean+/-SD]; dose-length product, 398.6+/-19.0 mGy x cm) than those undergoing digital subtraction CTA (volume CT dose index, 50.4+/-3.4 mGy; dose-length product, 1,095.6+/-114.2 mGyxcm) (p<0.05). Three-dimensional DSA showed no aneurysm in 11 patients and 40 aneurysms in 35 patients. The mean maximum diameter of the aneurysms was 6+/-3 mm; the dome measurement, 5+/-3 mm; and the neck dimension, 3+/-2 mm. With dual-energy CTA, 38 aneurysms in 34 patients were correctly detected, and two aneurysms in two patients were missed. With DSA as the standard of reference, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of dual-energy CTA in the detection of intracranial aneurysm were 97.1%, 100%, 100%, and 91.7% on a per-patient basis and 95.0%, 100%, 100%, and 99.7% on a per-aneurysm basis. Dual-energy CTA had sensitivities of 93.8%, 100%, and 80.0% and specificities of 100%, 100%, and 100% in the detection of aneurysms larger than 5 mm, those measuring 3.1-5 mm, and aneurysms 3 mm or smaller. At dual-energy CTA, the mean maximum diameter and dome and neck dimensions were 6+/-3 mm, 5+/-3 mm, and 3+/-2 mm. Excellent correlation was found between DSA and dual-energy CTA findings with respect to mean maximum diameter and dome and neck dimensions (r=0.969, 0.957, and 0.870; p = 0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of the findings in the small series of patients evaluated, contrast-enhanced dual-energy CTA had diagnostic image quality at a lower radiation dose than digital subtraction CTA and high diagnostic accuracy compared with 3D DSA in the detection of intracranial aneurysms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Rd., Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China 210012.
authors.forename: Long-Jiang
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sheng-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jing-Bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Zhuo-Li
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Henry Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan-E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Chang-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Guang-Ming
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide