title: Expression of HYAL1 and survivin RNA as diagnostic molecular markers for bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urinary tumor markers that help in the early detection of bladder cancer promise a significant improvement in sensitivity, specificity and convenience over conventional, invasive diagnostic tests. We assessed the diagnostic efficacy of hyaluronidase (HYAL1) and survivin for early bladder cancer detection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 166 patients diagnosed with bladder carcinoma, 112 with benign bladder lesions and 100 healthy volunteers who served as controls. All underwent serological assessment of schistosomiasis antibody, urine cytology, and hyaluronidase (HYAL1) and survivin RNA estimation by qualitative and semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in urothelial cells from voided urine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positivity rates of HYAL1 RNA and survivin RNA on qualitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were significantly different among the 3 groups. Mean rank using semiquantitative method was increased in the malignant vs the other groups. The best cutoff for HYAL1 and survivin RNA was 0.25 each. Using these cutoffs HYAL1 and survivin RNA sensitivity was 91% and 75%, respectively, with absolute specificity. HYAL1 RNA detected all patients with stages 0 and I bladder cancer (p <0.037). Urine cytology sensitivity improved when combined with hyaluronidase or survivin RNA on semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detection of urinary HYAL1 and survivin RNA is a promising noninvasive test for bladder cancer early detection. HYAL1 RNA was more sensitive and specific than urine cytology. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction is favored for its high sensitivity and specificity.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Medical Biochemistry Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. dr_sanaa_eissa@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sanaa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eissa
authors.forename: Menha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swellam
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shehata
authors.forename: Inas M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: El-Khouly
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: El-Zayat
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: El-Ahmady
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000235:genetics*; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000077022:Survivin; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D000077022:Survivin; D012313:RNA; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase