title: The effect of metformin treatment for 2 years without caloric restriction on endocrine and metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term changes in endocrine and metabolic parameters and body mass index in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who were treated with metformin over 2 years without caloric restriction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six obese women with PCOS were treated with metformin over 2 years without caloric restriction. Clinical, metabolic and endocrine parameters and the body mass index were measured and an oral glucose tolerance test was carried out to calculate insulin resistance indices at the beginning and at the follow-up after 2 years. The Homeostatic Model for Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant changes in body mass index or HOMA-IR were observed. However, a significant decrease in fasting and 2-h insulin levels was observed. Women showed a significant increase in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, while total testosterone (TT) levels and the free androgen index decreased significantly. Furthermore a significant decrease in hirsutism was observed. There was a decrease in cholesterol and an increase in high-density lipoprotein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term treatment with metformin in women with PCOS appears to reduce androgen excess due to increased SHBG and decreased TT levels resulting in improvement of hirsutism as a clinical sign of androgen excess. Furthermore a significant decrease in fasting and 2-h insulin levels and slightly improved insulin resistance indices were observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Oppelt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jentsch
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kronawitter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reissmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dittrich
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cupisti
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone; D008687:Metformin