title: Facing haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: do patients and their physicians agree regarding the prognosis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the correlation and concordance between patients' and physicians' estimations of prognoses before initiation of the conditioning regimen for allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 123 patients and their attending physicians were asked to estimate a prognosis on a six-point scale. The patients were also asked to fill out questionnaires addressing their psychological state and coping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean prognostic estimations differed by 1.17 points (p<0.001), with the patients being more optimistic than the physicians. With respect to concordance: Pearson correlation r=0.024 (ns); unweighted kappa and kappa with linear weighting are 0.115 and 0.068, respectively. The prognostic estimates of the patients correlated with their psychological state, but not with the objective disease- or treatment-related variables, whereas the physicians' estimates were partially based on such objective factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A clear significant association between actual survival and the physicians' estimates, but not the patients' estimates, was observed. If agreement regarding the prognosis exists, the relationship between physicians' and patients' estimates is probably non-linear. Assessing one's chances of being cured is a highly emotional task, and psychological processes such as denial or repression most likely play a decisive role. Moreover, collusion between the patient and physician may be inevitable in this situation. Whether it is desirable to gain concordance and who will benefit from such efforts must be discussed and empirically studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grulke
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bailer
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D010358:Patient Participation; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013534:Survival; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000401:mortality; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000401:mortality