title: 13C NMR tracers in neurochemistry: implications for molecular imaging.
abstract: An overview of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy methods and their applications in the study of the metabolism of brain cells in vitro and in the in vivo brain is presented as well as their implications for modern molecular imaging techniques. Various topics will be discussed, such as general properties of the 13C NMR spectrum, 13C NMR spectroscopy acquisition protocols, determination of fractional 13C enrichment, 13C(2H) NMR methodologies, and the use of 13C hyperpolarized substrates for NMR spectroscopy and imaging. Some illustrative applications are described, both in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Alberto Sols Institute of Biomedical Investigation C.S.I.C./U.A.M. Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: M M C A
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cerdán
authors.forename: C F G C
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Geraldes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008094:Lithium / Q000737:chemistry; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009448:Neurochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006859:Hydrogen; D008094:Lithium