title: Genetic, biochemical, and individual responses of the teleost fish Carassius auratus to uranium.
abstract: Carassius auratus were exposed for 96 h to different concentrations of uranyl nitrate (corresponding to 0, 100, 450, and 2,025 microg U L(-1)) and killed after different postexposure periods (0, 48, and 96 h) to assess uranium bioaccumulation, peroxisome proliferation (catalase [CAT]), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]), and DNA integrity in erythrocytes (comet assay). In addition, feeding behaviour was recorded as a general response to toxicant exposure. Results provided evidence of uranium bioaccumulation in muscle of C. auratus after exposure to the highest concentrations (450 and 2,025 microg U L(-1)). This tissue was able to depurate uranium to control levels 96 h after exposure ceased. However, no perturbations in feeding behaviour or cell damage were observed in the tested organisms, except for the apparent irreversible inhibition of CAT activity immediately after exposure in the highest concentration tested. Data on DNA integrity (comets) showed that waterborne uranium exposure was able to induce genotoxicity in C. auratus erythrocytes because fish exposed to all concentrations exhibited higher DNA damage than controls 96 h after exposure. No DNA damage repair was apparent throughout the postexposure period, which was contrary to a recovery scenario. This experiment provides evidence of uranium's ability to induce physiologic impairment and genotoxicity in freshwater fish at environmentally relevant concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. joanalourenco@ua.pt
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mendo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006054:Goldfish / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D008906:Mining; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014502:Uranyl Nitrate / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D014502:Uranyl Nitrate; D002374:Catalase