title: L-Glutamine inhibits beta-aminobutyric acid-induced stress resistance and priming in Arabidopsis.
abstract: The non-protein amino acid beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) enhances Arabidopsis resistance to microbial pathogens and abiotic stresses through potentiation of the Arabidopsis defence responses. In this study, it is shown that BABA induces the stress-induced morphogenic response (SIMR). SIMR is observed in plants exposed to sub-lethal stress conditions. Anthocyanin, a known modulator of stress signalling, was also found to accumulate in BABA-treated Arabidopsis. These data and a previous microarray study indicate that BABA induces a stress response in Arabidopsis. High concentrations of amino acids, except for L-glutamine, cause a general amino acid stress inhibition. General amino acid inhibition is prevented by the addition of L-glutamine. L-Glutamine was found to inhibit the BABA-mediated SIMR and anthocyanin accumulation, suggesting that the non-protein amino acid BABA causes a general amino acid stress inhibition in Arabidopsis. L-Glutamine also blocked BABA-induced resistance to heat stress and to the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. During bacterial infection, priming of the salicylic acid-dependent defence marker PR1 was abolished by L-glutamine treatment. These results indicate that L-glutamine removal of the BABA-mediated stress response is concomitant with L-glutamine inhibition of BABA priming and BABA-induced resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Mao-Chuain
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zimmerli
mesh_terms: D000613:Aminobutyrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D000613:Aminobutyrates; D000872:Anthocyanins; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005973:Glutamine; C047667:3-aminobutyric acid