title: The Caenorhabditis elegans Ste20-related kinase and Rac-type small GTPase regulate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway mediating the stress response.
abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are integral to the mechanisms by which cells respond to physiological stimuli and a wide variety of environmental stresses. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the stress response is controlled by a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-like MAPK signaling pathway, which is regulated by MLK-1 MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK), MEK-1 MAPKK, and KGB-1 JNK-like MAPK. In this study, we identify the max-2 gene encoding a C. elegans Ste20-related protein kinase as a component functioning upstream of the MLK-1-MEK-1-KGB-1 pathway. The max-2 loss-of-function mutation is defective in activation of KGB-1, resulting in hypersensitivity to heavy metals. Biochemical analysis reveals that MAX-2 activates MLK-1 through direct phosphorylation of a specific residue in the activation loop of the MLK-1 kinase domain. Our genetic data presented here also show that MIG-2 small GTPase functions upstream of MAX-2 in the KGB-1 pathway. These results suggest that MAX-2 and MIG-2 play a crucial role in mediating the heavy metal stress response regulated by the KGB-1 pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiki
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hisamoto
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D010768:Phosphoserine; D003300:Copper; C517554:Max-2 protein, C elegans; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C524496:KGB-1 protein, C elegans; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C442327:Mig-2 protein, C elegans; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins