title: Cancer-testis antigens MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-A3 promote the survival of multiple myeloma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple myeloma is a life-threatening disease and despite the introduction of stem cell transplantation and novel agents such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, and bortezomib most patients will relapse and develop chemoresistant disease. Therefore, alternative therapeutic modes for myeloma are needed and cancer-testis antigens such as MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-A3 have been suggested to represent a class of tumor-specific proteins particularly suited for targeted immunotherapies. Surprisingly, the biological role of cancer-testis genes in myeloma remains poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed the first investigation of the function of two cancer-testis antigens most commonly expressed in myeloma, MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-A3, using an RNA interference-based gene silencing model in myeloma cell lines. Functional assays were used to determine changes in proliferation, cell adhesion, chemosensitivity, colony formation, and apoptosis resulting from gene-specific silencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that the investigated genes are not involved in regulating cell proliferation or adhesion; however, they play an important role in promoting the survival of myeloma cells. Accordingly, knock-down of MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-A3 led to the induction of apoptosis in the malignant plasma cells and, importantly, both genes were also essential for the survival of clonogenic myeloma precursors. Finally, silencing of cancer-testis genes further improved the response of myeloma cells to conventional therapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cancer-testis antigens such as MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-A3 play an important role in promoting the survival of myeloma cells and clonogenic precursors by reducing the rate of spontaneous and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and might, therefore, represent attractive targets for novel myeloma-specific therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, Oncology/Hematology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. D.Atanackovic@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Djordje
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Atanackovic
authors.forename: York
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jadczak
authors.forename: Yanran
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luetkens
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobold
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pabst
authors.forename: Nesrine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lajmi
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gordic
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: Axel R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zander
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bokemeyer
authors.forename: Nicolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kröger
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; C072013:MAGEA3 protein, human; C110905:MAGEC1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins