title: [Clinical efficacy of tolterodine for patients with overactive bladder after insufficient efficacy by monotherapy with alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of alpha1-adrenoceptor (alpha1-AR) antagonist and anticholinergic agent combined therapy for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) together with overactive bladder (OAB) has been controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tolterodine combined with alpha1-AR antagonist for patients with BPH and OAB after insufficient efficacy by monotherapy with alpha1-AR antagonist. The adverse event of this combined therapy was also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 47 patients with BPH, whose OAB symptom persisted (OAB symptom score; OABSS > or =3) after monotherapy with alpha1-AR antagonist for more than 4 weeks. The mean age was 72.9 years and the mean prostate volume was 29.8 ml. Four mg/day of tolterodine with alpha-AR antagonist was administered for 8 weeks to patients. International prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) index, OABSS, King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) and residual urine volume (RUV) were assessed before and after combined therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients were dropped out from this study because of dry mouth, constipation, onset of other disease and insufficient efficacy by self-judgment. IPSS (from 15.1 +/- 6.8 to 11.0 +/- 7.9; P < 0.01), QOL index (from 4.3 +/- 1.1 to 3.6 +/- 1.3; P < 0.01) and OABSS (from 7.0 +/- 3.0 to 5.4 +/- 2.9; P < 0.01) of 41 patients improved significantly by combined therapy. The storage symptom of IPSS subscore improved significantly (from 8.0 +/- 2.9 to 6.5 +/- 2.8; P < 0.01), whereas the voiding symptom did not improve. Regarding KHQ, the score of 3 domains (impact on life, role limitation, and physical limitation) improved significantly (P < 0.05). RUV did not change and no serious adverse event including urinary retention was found in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reveals that the combined therapy of alpha-AR antagonist and tolterodine represents an effective and safe treatment modality for patients with BPH and OAB, whose OAB symptom was not improved by antecedent monotherapy with alpha-AR antagonist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsujimura
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: Kinya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiuchi
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kojimaan
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okuyama
mesh_terms: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003408:Cresols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications; D011788:Quality of Life; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003408:Cresols; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate