Biomarkers in peripheral arterial disease.
Patients who have peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have a high incidence of cardiac morbidity and mortality. There have been numerous biomarkers described to assess cardiovascular risk, but few are part of routine clinical practice. Currently, the key biomarkers that improve risk stratification in patients with PAD are cardiac troponins, C-reactive protein, and B-type natriuretic peptide. Recent advances in descriptive proteomics will offer future potential for biomarker discovery. However, it is essential that new markers are translated into tools for patient care. This review examines the potential biomarkers that improve cardiovascular risk stratification in PAD and avenues for future studies.
Thomas
James C
JC
Leeds Vascular Institute, The General Infirmary at Leeds, UK.
Vohra
Ravinder S
RS
Beer
Sarah
S
Bhatti
Kashif
K
Ponnambalam
Sreenivasan
S
Homer-Vanniasinkam
Shervanthi
S
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003935:Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular; D006801:Humans; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D040901:Proteomics; D012307:Risk Factors
D015415:Biomarkers