title: Long-term detrimental consequences of the onset of type 1 diabetes on annual earnings--evidence from annual registry data in 1990-2005.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Young adults in the early stages of their participation in the labour market may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of onset of a chronic disease. Our aim was to quantify the consequences of the onset of type 1 diabetes in young adults on annual earnings, using individual-level longitudinal data before and after the onset of diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Econ-DISS database contains annual socioeconomic information for 1990-2005 from Statistics Sweden. Econ-DISS includes data for persons with diabetes onset at the age of 15-34 years between 1983 and 2005, registered in the national Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) database, and for controls. Considering the onset of type 1 diabetes as an unanticipated and significant life event, we compared the progression of annual earnings for 3,650 cases born between 1949 and 1970 before and after onset of diabetes with that of 14,629 controls. Possible confounders--education, participation in the labour market, sick leave and parental education--were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no differences between the groups in annual earnings or participation in the labour market before onset of diabetes. After onset, persons with type 1 diabetes gradually lagged behind the controls. Their median annual earnings were lower in each year from 1995 to 2005 (p < 0.01). The difference in 2005 was euro (EUR) 1,411 (5.3%). Controlling for confounders, duration of type 1 diabetes > or = 10 years was associated with 4.2% (men) and 8.1% (women) lower average annual earnings for persons with upper secondary education only who were active in the labour market.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The onset of type 1 diabetes in young adults has long-term detrimental consequences on earnings that cannot be attributed to confounders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Malmö University Hospital, Clinical Research Centre House 28 Floor 10, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden. katarina.steen_carlsson@med.lu.se
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steen Carlsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landin-Olsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nyström
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Arnqvist
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bolinder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ostman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gudbjörnsdóttir
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000191:economics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018803:Models, Economic; D012042:Registries; D012044:Regression Analysis