title: Subtype identification of the novel A H1N1 and other human influenza A viruses using an oligonucleotide microarray.
abstract: A novel strain of influenza A (H1N1) virus was isolated in Mexico and the US in March and April 2009. This novel virus spread to many countries and regions in a few months, and WHO raised the level of pandemic alert from phase 5 to phase 6 on June 11, 2009. The accurate identification of H1N1 virus and other human seasonal influenza A viruses is very important for further treatment and control of their infections. In this study, we developed an oligonucleotide microarray to subtype human H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1 influenza viruses, which could distinguish the novel H1N1 from human seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses and swine H1N1 influenza viruses. The microarray utilizes a panel of primers for multiplex PCR amplification of the hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and matrix (MP) genes of human influenza A viruses. The 59-mer oligonucleotides were designed to distinguish different subtypes of human influenza A viruses. With this microarray, we accurately identified and correctly subtyped the reference virus strains. Moreover, we confirmed 4 out of 39 clinical throat swab specimens from suspected cases of novel H1N1.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Dongdajie Road 20, Fengtai District, 100071 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yongqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Honghe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Weili
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chenfeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qing
authors.forename: Guohui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Qingyu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Weijun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yinhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000821:virology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*