title: Regulation of alternative splicing of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) through G-rich cis-elements and heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H.
abstract: Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a cell-surface receptor. The binding of ligands to membrane-bound RAGE (mRAGE) evokes cellular responses involved in various pathological processes. Previously, we identified a novel soluble form, endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) generated by alternative 5' splice site selection in intron 9 that leads to extension of exon 9 (exon 9B). Because esRAGE works as an antagonistic decoy receptor, the elucidation of regulatory mechanism of the alternative splicing is important to understand RAGE-related pathological processes. Here, we identified G-rich cis-elements within exon 9B for regulation of the alternative splicing using a RAGE minigene. Mutagenesis of the G-rich cis-elements caused a drastic increase in the esRAGE/mRAGE ratio in the minigene-transfected cells and in loss of binding of the RNA motif to heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H. On the other hand, the artificial introduction of a G-stretch in exon 9B caused a drastic decrease in the esRAGE/mRAGE ratio accompanied by the binding of hnRNP H to the RNA motif. Thus, the G-stretches within exon 9B regulate RAGE alternative splicing via interaction with hnRNP H. The findings should provide a molecular basis for the development of medicines for RAGE-related disorders that could modulate esRAGE/mRAGE ratio.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohe
authors.forename: Takuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munesue
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yonekura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D020862:GC Rich Sequence / Q000235:genetics*; D034441:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D038621:Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D034441:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D038621:Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid