title: CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) promotes prostate cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis.
abstract: CCL2 is a chemokine known to recruit monocytes and macrophages to sites of inflammation. A growing body of research suggests CCL2 is progressively overexpressed in tumor beds and may play a role in the clinical progression of solid tumors. Cancer cells derived from several solid tumor types demonstrate functional receptors for CCL2, suggesting this chemokine may achieve tumorigenicity through direct effects on malignant cells; however, a variety of normal host cells that co-exist with cancer in the tumor microenvironment also respond to CCL2. These cells include macrophages, osteoclasts, endothelial cells, T-lymphocytes, and myeloid-derived immune suppressor cells (MDSCs). CCL2 mediated interactions between normal and malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment and plays a multi-faceted role in tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Urology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology and the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lalit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Pienta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000502:physiology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D054390:Receptors, CCR2 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054390:Receptors, CCR2