title: Azacitidine in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.
abstract: Azacitidine is the first agent to significantly prolong overall survival (OS) compared with conventional care regimens in patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Here, we review currently available data on azacitidine treatment in lower-risk MDS. In a phase III study, a subset of patients with lower-risk MDS treated with azacitidine achieved an overall response rate (ORR) of 60% and a longer median OS compared with supportive care (44 vs 27 months). In a phase II study investigating various azacitidine dose schedules, the hematological improvement rate was approximately 50% in lower-risk patients; most patients who achieved transfusion independence were also lower-risk. A further retrospective study reported an ORR of 52% in MDS lower-risk patients who received > or = 4 cycles of therapy. Preliminary data for azacitidine combination therapy with erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and valproic acid are intriguing but should be treated with caution. These results suggest the feasibility and effectiveness of azacitidine in the treatment of patients with lower-risk MDS.
authors.affiliation: UF Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) Careggi, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy. santini@unifi.it
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Santini
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001374:Azacitidine