title: Detection of viruses with molecularly imprinted polymers integrated on a microfluidic biochip using contact-less dielectric microsensors.
abstract: Rapid detection of viral contamination remains a pressing issue in various fields related to human health including clinical diagnostics, the monitoring of food-borne pathogens, the detection of biological warfare agents as well as in viral clearance studies for biopharmaceutical products. The majority of currently available assays for virus detection are expensive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. In the present work we report the creation of a novel micro total analysis system (microTAS) capable of continuously monitoring viral contamination with high sensitivity and selectivity. The specific interaction between shape and surface chemistry between molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) and virus resulted in the elimination of non-specific interaction in the present sensor configuration. The additional integration of the blank (non-imprinted) polymer further allowed for the identification of non-specific adsorption events. The novel combination of microfluidics containing integrated native polymer and MIP with contact-less dielectric microsensors is evaluated using the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) and the Human Rhinovirus serotype 2 (HRV2). Results show that viral binding and dissociation events can be readily detected using contact-less bioimpedance spectroscopy optimized for specific frequencies. In the present study optimum sensor performance was achieved at 203 kHz within the applied frequency range of 5-500 kHz. Complete removal of the virus from the MIP and device reusability is successfully demonstrated following a 50-fold increase in fluid velocity. Evaluation of the microfluidic biochip revealed that microchip technology is ideally suited to detect a broader range of viral contaminations with high sensitivity by selectively adjusting microfluidic conditions, sensor geometries and choice of MIP polymeric material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health & Environment, Nano Systems, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Donau-City-Street 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerald M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Birnbaumer
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lieberzeit
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Romana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schirhagl
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milnera
authors.forename: Franz L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Dickert
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ertl
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014027:Tobacco Mosaic Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014780:Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers