title: Antispasmodic effects of essential oil of Pterodon polygalaeflorus and its main constituent β-caryophyllene on rat isolated ileum.
abstract: This study investigates the effects of essential oil of Pterodon polygalaeflorus (EOPP) and β-caryophyllene (β-CAR). EOPP and β-CAR relaxed the basal tone of ileum smooth muscle in a concentration-dependent manner (IC(50) s = 394.35 ± 62.12 and 68.65 ± 9.51 μg/mL respectively), an effect that was unaltered by hexamethonium, L-nitroarginine methyl ester or indomethacin. Both EOPP and β-CAR evoked a concentration-dependent relaxation of ileum pre-contracted with KCl with an IC(50) value of 107.78 ± 10.47 and 17.35 ± 0.75 μg/mL, respectively. EOPP and β-CAR inhibited the contractions induced by acetylcholine (ACh) and by KCl. In ileal preparations, the CaCl(2) -induced contractions were reduced by EOPP (300 μg/mL) and β-CAR (100 μg/mL). Furthermore, CaCl(2) -induced contractions were also reduced by EOPP (300 μg/mL) and β-CAR (100 μg/mL) in ileal preparations pretreated with ACh under Ca(2+) -free condition and in the presence of verapamil. EOPP (100 and 300 μg/mL) and β-CAR (30 and 100 μg/mL) reduced the ACh-induced contractions of isolated rat ileum under Ca(2+) -free conditions. In the presence of high KCl and Ca(2+) -free conditions, EOPP (300 μg/mL) and β-CAR (100 μg/mL) reduced the contractions induced by barium. A similar effect was also observed with verapamil. It is concluded that (i) β-CAR is an important constituent involved in the myorelaxant and antispasmodic effects induced by EOPP; (ii) the inhibitory effect on intestinal contractility is myogenic and seems mainly mediated through an intracellular mechanism. However, the ability of EOPP and β-CAR to decrease Ca(2+) influx through cytoplasmic membrane could not be discounted.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leonhardt
authors.forename: José H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Leal-Cardoso
authors.forename: Saad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lahlou
authors.forename: Aline A C
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.forename: Romulo S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: Natalia R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Celedônio
authors.forename: Ariclecio C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Renalison F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Leidiane P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Taylena M N
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Garcia-Teófilo
authors.forename: Anna P F S
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Pedro J C
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Gloria P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Andrelina N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Coelho-de-Souza
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D010938:Plant Oils; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D011189:Potassium Chloride; C024714:caryophyllene; D014700:Verapamil; D000109:Acetylcholine; D002118:Calcium