title: Characteristics of children with Shigella encephalopathy: experience from a large urban diarrhea treatment center in Bangladesh.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Encephalopathy is a serious neurologic complication from shigellosis often with fatal outcome but data on simple clinical and sociodemographic predicting factors are limited. We sought to identify those factors in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this unmatched case-control design, children of both sexes, aged 0 to 15 years having positive stool culture for Shigella from 1997 to 2006 were studied. Children with Shigella encephalopathy constituted the cases (n = 29), whereas randomly selected children with shigellosis having no encephalopathy constituted controls (n = 87).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The case-fatality was significantly higher among the cases than among controls (7% vs. 0%, RR: 4.2, CI: 3.0-5.9, P = 0.013). In logistic regression analysis, children with Shigella encephalopathy more often had an illiterate father (OR: 5.4, 95% CI: 1.1-27.1, P = 0.038), stopped breast-feeding in the neonatal period (OR: 41.3, 95% CI: 4.2-403.1, P = 0.001), had dehydrating diarrhea (OR: 9.9, 95% CI: 2.1-45.9, P = 0.004) with a duration of <1 day (OR: 29.4, 95% CI: 2.1-43.2, P = 0.004), and were more likely to be severely stunted (OR: 6.4, 95% CI: 1.2-34.9, P = 0.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Education of parents about the value of exclusive breast-feeding and of prompt hydration in children with Shigella is critical to minimize morbidity and deaths.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mohammod Jobayer
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chisti
authors.forename: Abu Syed Golam
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Faruque
authors.forename: Wasif Ali
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Sumon Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Mir Borhan
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zabed
authors.forename: Mohammed Abdus
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Salam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D001942:Breast Feeding; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D004493:Education; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D012760:Shigella / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors