title: Atmospheric emission of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, hexachlorobenzene, and pentachlorobenzene from the coking industry.
abstract: The coking process is considered to be a potential source of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (UP-POPs). However, intensive studies on the emission of UP-POPs from the coking industry are still very scarce. Emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HxCBz), and pentachlorobenzene (PeCBz) covered under the Stockholm Convention were investigated for the coking process in this study. Stack gases from some typical coke plants in China were collected and analyzed to estimate the emission of UP-POPs from the coking industry. Emission factors of 28.9 ng WHO-TEQ tonne(-1) for PCDD/Fs, 1.7 ng WHO-TEQ tonne(-1) for dl-PCBs, 596 ng tonne(-1) for HxCBz, and 680 ng tonne(-1) for PeCBz were derived based on the investigated data. The annual emissions from the global coking industry were estimated to be 15.8 g WHO-TEQ for PCDD/Fs, 0.93 g WHO-TEQ for dl-PCBs, 333 g for HxCBz, and 379 g for PeCBz, respectively (reference year 2007). According to the distribution of PCDD/Fs, we argued for the de novo synthesis to be the major pathway of PCDD/F formation. With regard to the characteristics of dl-PCBs, the most abundant congener was CB-118, and the most dominant contributor to the total WHO-TEQ of dl-PCBs was CB-126.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Guorui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Minghui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chengzhi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lirong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Guijin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lv
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000032:analysis*; D003077:Coke; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene / Q000032:analysis*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007221:Industry; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001572:Benzofurans; D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D003077:Coke; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene; C003060:pentachlorobenzene; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls