Analysis of humoral immune responses in rhesus macaques vaccinated with attenuated SIVmac239Deltanef and challenged with pathogenic SIVmac251.
BACKGROUND
To determine the correlation between protection and humoral immune response against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac251), 11 macaques were immunized with live-attenuated SIVmac239Deltanef either intravenously or via the tonsils and exposed to SIVmac251 after either 6 or 15 months along with unvaccinated controls.


RESULTS
Independent of the route of vaccine application, viremia was significantly reduced in vaccinees compared with controls 2 weeks post-challenge. Concomitantly, viremia correlated inversely with SIV-specific IgG, complement-mediated lysis and neutralizing antibodies and these parameters seemed to contribute to reduced viremia. During chronic infection, six monkeys controlled viremia in the circulation (two or fewer infectious units per 10(6) PBMCs) and showed no signs of trapping in lymphatic tissues (Appendix S1).


CONCLUSIONS
As no significant differences were observed throughout the study, with respect to the humoral immune response and viremia control, between the two vaccinated cohorts, mucosal immunization strategies are recommended due to more simplified application.
Freissmuth
Doris
D
Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
Hiltgartner
Alexander
A
Stahl-Hennig
Christiane
C
Fuchs
Dietmar
D
Tenner-Racz
Klara
K
Racz
Paul
P
Uberla
Klaus
K
Strasak
Alexander
A
Dierich
Manfred P
MP
Stoiber
Heribert
H
Falkensammer
Barbara
B
D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000662:veterinary; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated