title: Black-White health disparities in the United States and Chicago: a 15-year progress analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In an effort to examine national and Chicago, Illinois, progress in meeting the Healthy People 2010 goal of eliminating health disparities, we examined whether disparities between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White persons widened, narrowed, or stayed the same between 1990 and 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 15 health status indicators. We determined whether a disparity widened, narrowed, or remained unchanged between 1990 and 2005 by examining the percentage difference in rates between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White populations at both time points and at each location. We calculated P values to determine whether changes in percentage difference over time were statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Disparities between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White populations widened for 6 of 15 health status indicators examined for the United States (5 significantly), whereas in Chicago the majority of disparities widened (11 of 15, 5 significantly).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, progress toward meeting the Healthy People 2010 goal of eliminating health disparities in the United States and in Chicago remains bleak. With more than 15 years of time and effort spent at the national and local level to reduce disparities, the impact remains negligible.
authors.affiliation: Sinai Urban Health Institute, California Ave at 15th St, K443, Chicago, IL 60608, USA. orsje@sinai.org
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Orsi
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Margellos-Anast
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Whitman
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D040361:Healthy People Programs; D006801:Humans; D009026:Mortality / Q000208:ethnology / Q000639:trends; D015397:Program Evaluation; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People