title: Imaging cerebral microbleeds using susceptibility weighted imaging: one step toward detecting vascular dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To monitor changes in the number of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in a longitudinal study of healthy controls (HC) and mild-cognitively impaired (MCI) patients using susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI).
  
  
  METHODS
  SWI was used to image 28 HC and 75 MCI patients annually at 1.5 Tesla over a 4-year period. Magnitude and phase data were used to visualize CMBs for the first and last scans of 103 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preliminary analysis revealed that none of the 28 HC had more than three CMBs. In the 75 MCI patients, five subjects had more than three CMBs in both first and last scans, while one subject had more than three bleeds only in the last scan. In five of these six MCI patients, the number of CMBs increased over time and all six went on to develop progressive cognitive impairment (PCI). Of the 130 total CMBs seen in the last scans of the six MCI cases, most were less than 4 mm in diameter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SWI can reveal small CMBs on the order of 1 mm in diameter and this technique can be used to follow their development longitudinally. Monitoring CMBs may be a means by which to evaluate patients for the presence of microvascular disease that leads to PCI.
authors.affiliation: The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayaz
authors.forename: Alexander S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Boikov
authors.forename: E Mark
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Haacke
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.forename: Wolff M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Kirsch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity