title: Role of ataxia telangiectasia mutated in insulin signalling of muscle-derived cell lines and mouse soleus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) reportedly plays a role in insulin-stimulated activation of Akt in some cell types but not in others. The role of ATM in insulin signalling has not been firmly resolved for skeletal muscle cells, for which Akt phosphorylation is a pivotal step in stimulation of glucose transport. Accordingly, our aim was to determine the role of ATM in insulin effects for cell lines derived from skeletal muscle and for skeletal muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined insulin effects in L6 myotubes, mouse soleus, C2C12 myotubes and differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells in the presence and absence of a low concentration (1 microm) of the ATM inhibitor KU55933. We also compared insulin signalling in C2C12 cells expressing shRNA against ATM and control cell lines (empty vector; cells expressing non-targeting shRNA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In L6 myotubes and mouse soleus muscle, KU55933 inhibited insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the 160 kDa substrate of Akt (AS160) despite no effect on Akt. In contrast, KU55933 prevented insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, C2C12 myotubes expressing shRNA against ATM displayed reduced insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation compared to controls. KU55933 also decreased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in differentiated RD cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These model-dependent differences in the role of ATM in insulin action demonstrate a role of ATM in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt (in C2C12 and RD cells) but also allow the elucidation of a novel, Akt-independent role of ATM (in L6 myotubes and mouse soleus, at the level of AS160) in insulin signalling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, MO 63103, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Nadella
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ralston
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hoormann
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001260:Ataxia Telangiectasia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000502:physiology*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D032342:Muscle Cells; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D005947:Glucose