title: [Examination of function and structure of respiratory cilia of adult patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)--comparison of nasal and bronchial mucosa (pilot of CILIARY STUDY)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Borderline between upper and lower respiratory tract pathology is probably artificial (bronchial asthma). Also inflammation of bronchial mucosa during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is likely combined with inflammatory involvement of nasal mucosa. Ciliary edge of respiratory epithelium is very important part of mucosa layer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate and compare nasal and bronchial ciliary beat frequency (CBF), degree of nasal and bronchial ciliary dyskinesia, presence of ciliary akinesia and incidence of spinocellular metaplasia in the both mucosa localities among of stable COPD patients (pts).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal and bronchial mucosa were obtained in the course of bronchoscopy examination of COPD pts in general intravenous anesthesia. Native samples of mucosa tissue were assessed by digital high-speed video microscopy (1,000x magnification). Paired t-test was used to evaluate differences in average frequencies. Significance level was alpha = 0.05. Mode was used to describe "index of dyskinesia", as a measure of association was used K coefficient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen COPD pts (6 weeks free of exacerbation) at the age 47-80 (average 64.2 years +/- 9.7) were examined (13 male), average FEV1 61% predic. value (21-81, +/- 15). All patients were active smokers (average 42 pack years +/- 22.8) and all suffered from bronchitic (daily sputum production) phenotype of COPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We did not find any difference in average ciliary beat frequencies between nose (6.0 Hz +/- 1.3) and bronchus (5.9 +/- 1.3) locality (p = 0.427). We find weak association between nose and bronchus in "ciliary akinesia" (kappa = 0.282) but medium association in "metaplasia" (kappa = 0.485), in index of dyskinesia (kappa = 0.733).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We did not find in our data any difference in nasal and bronchial ciliary beat frequencies and we found medium association between nasal and bronchial spinocellular metaplasia and index of ciliary dyskinesia. Possible generalization of these results would require further investigation and analysis.
authors.affiliation: Plicní klinika Lékarské fakulty UK a FN. koblivla@fnhk.cz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Koblízek
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dobesová
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salajka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cermáková
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomsová
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pohnetalová
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papousek
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bartos
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Paráková
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruta
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sedlák
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D001980:Bronchi / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002923:Cilia / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D002925:Ciliary Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*