title: Ecotoxicity by the biodegradation of alkylphenol polyethoxylates depends on the effect of trace elements.
abstract: The bacteria Sphingomonas sp. strain BSN22, isolated from bean fields, degraded octylphenol polyethoxylates (OPEO(n)) to octylphenol (OP) under aerobic conditions. This biodegradation mechanism proceeded by the following two-step degradation process: (1) degradation of OPEO(n) to octylphenol triethoxylate (OPEO(3)), (2) degradation from OPEO(3) to OP via octylphenoxy acetic acid (OPEC(1)). The chemical structure of OPEC(1) was confirmed by analysis using (18)O-labeled water. Quantitative studies revealed that magnesium (Mg(2+)) and calcium (Ca(2+)) ions were essential for the biodegradation of OPEO(n). Furthermore, the rate of biodegradation was especially accelerated by ferric ions (Fe(3+)), and the accumulated amounts of endocrine active chemicals, such as OP, OPEO(1), and OPEC(1), significantly increased to the concentration of 22.8, 221.7, and 961.1 microM in the presence of 37.0 microM Fe(3+), respectively. This suggests that environmental elements significantly influence the resultant ecotoxicity as well as the rate of their biodegradation in the environment. This study on the mechanism of OPEO(n) biodegradation may play an important role in understanding and managing environmental safety, including drinking water safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Bioscience, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan. n0861503@ccmailg.meijo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yudai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.forename: Akifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wakayama
authors.forename: Katsuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamura
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D020578:Sphingomonas / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D014131:Trace Elements; C478961:poly(ethylacrylate); D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium