title: Transcriptional response in the peripheral blood of patients infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.
abstract: We used microarrays and transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood to investigate the host response of 29 individuals who contracted typhoid fever in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Samples were taken over a nine month period encompassing acute disease, convalescence, and recovery. We found that typhoid fever induced a distinct and highly reproducible signature in the peripheral blood that changed during treatment and convalescence, returning in the majority of cases to the "normal" profile as measured in healthy uninfected controls. Unexpectedly, there was a strong, distinct signature of convalescence present at day 9 after infection that remained virtually unchanged one month after acute infection and in some cases persisted as long as nine months despite a complete clinical recovery in all patients. Patients who retain the convalescent signature may be genetically or temporarily incapable of developing an effective immune response and may be more susceptible to reinfection, relapse, or the establishment of a carrier state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 299 Campus Drive, Room D300, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Lucinda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dunstan
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dolecek
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: House
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dougan
authors.forename: Thi Hue
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Thi Phi La
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Cong Du
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Doan
authors.forename: Thi Phuong
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Thi Dung
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Tinh Hien
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Jeremy J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Farrar
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Monack
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Popper
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Falkow
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003289:Convalescence; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013997:Time Factors; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014744:Vietnam