title: Effects of aging on default mode network activity in resting state fMRI: does the method of analysis matter?
abstract: Functional MRI (fMRI) of default mode network (DMN) brain activity during resting state is gaining attention as a potential non-invasive biomarker to diagnose incipient Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to identify effects of normal aging on the DMN using different methods of fMRI processing and evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  fMRI was acquired in 17 young and 21 old healthy subjects and the data were analyzed with (a) volumes of interest (VOI)-based signal time course and (b) independent component analyses (ICA). In the first approach, the strength of DMN region inter-connectivity (as expressed with correlation coefficients) was of primary interest, the second method provided a measure of the magnitude of DMN co-activation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The older subjects exhibited significantly lower DMN activity in the posterior cingulate (PCC, t-test P<.001) as well as a tendency to lower activity in all other DMN regions in comparison to the younger subjects. We found no significant effect of age on DMN inter-connectivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Effects of normal aging such as loss of PCC co-activity could be detected by ICA, but not by signal time course correlation analyses of DMN inter-connectivity. This either indicates lower sensitivity of inter-connectivity measures to detect subtle DMN changes or indicate that ICA and time course analyses determine different properties of DMN co-activation. Our results, therefore, provide fundamental knowledge for a potential future use of functional MRI as biomarker for neurodegenerative dementias where diminished DMN activity needs to be reliably differentiated from that observed in health aging.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Radiology, Department of Psychiatry & Alzheimer Memorial Center, University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. walter.koch@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teipel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buerger
authors.forename: A L W
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bokde
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hampel
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reiser
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meindl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012146:Rest; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult