title: Are specific emotions narrated differently?
abstract: Two studies test the assertion that anger, sadness, fear, pride, and happiness are typically narrated in different ways. Everyday events eliciting these 5 emotions were narrated by young women (Study 1) and 5- and 8-year-old girls (Study 2). Negative narratives were expected to engender more effort to process the event, be longer, more grammatically complex, more often have a complication section, and use more specific emotion labels than global evaluations. Narratives of Hogan's (2003) juncture emotions anger and fear were expected to focus more on action and to contain more core narrative sections of orientation, complication, and resolution than narratives of the outcome emotions sadness and happiness. Hypotheses were confirmed for adults except for syntactic complexity, whereas children showed only some of these differences. Hogan's theory that juncture emotions are restricted to the complication section was not confirmed. Finally, in adults, indirect speech was more frequent in anger narratives and internal monologue in fear narratives. It is concluded that different emotions should be studied in how they are narrated, and that narratives should be analyzed according to qualitatively different emotions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Goethe University, PO Box111932, 60054 Frankfurt a.M., Germany. psychoanalyse@psych.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: Tilmann
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Habermas
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mukhtar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D001601:Bereavement; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004644:Emotions; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D033262:Narration; D055815:Young Adult