title: Comparison of four manikins and fresh frozen cadaver models for direct laryngoscopic orotracheal intubation training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the acceptability and preference between manikin models and fresh frozen cadaver (FFC) for direct laryngoscopic orotracheal intubation training.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective crossover trial, participants in the airway workshop performed direct laryngoscopic orotracheal intubation on four airway training manikins: Airway Management Trainer (Ambu, St Ives, UK), Airway Trainer (Laerdal, Medical, Stavanger, Norway), Airsim (Trucorp, Belfast, Northern Ireland) and "Bill 1" (VBM, Sulz, Germany), and FFC. Participants were asked to access the following: reality of jaw mobility, difficulty with mouth opening, reality of neck flexibility, difficulty with intubation, overall model reality and model preference for each model using a visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0-10 cm. The VAS scores for each model were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six participants were included in the study. The FFC had a highest VAS score for reality of jaw mobility, overall reality and preference of model. Trucorp manikin and Laerdal manikin followed cadaver. There were no significant statistical differences between Trucorp manikin and Laerdal manikin. In difficulty with mouth opening and difficulty with intubation, Trucorp manikin had the lowest VAS score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FFC is a more realistic and preferred model for direct laryngoscopic orotracheal intubation training. Trucorp and Laerdal manikin can be used as alternative models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Y-M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: H-M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: G-H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: E-C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008348:Manikins