title: Effects of repeated deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan on the health of New Jersey Army National Guard troops: implications for military readiness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the effects of prior military service in Iraq or Afghanistan on the health of New Jersey Army National Guard members preparing for deployment to Iraq.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed anonymous, self-administered predeployment surveys from 2543 National Guard members deployed to Iraq in 2008. We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to measure the effects of prior service in Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom [OEF]) or Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom [OIF]) on mental and physical health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly 25% of respondents reported at least 1 previous OEF or OIF deployment. Previously deployed soldiers were more than 3 times as likely as soldiers with no previous deployments to screen positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.59, 5.24) and major depression (AOR=3.07; 95% CI=1.81, 5.19), more than twice as likely to report chronic pain (AOR=2.20; 95% CI=1.78, 2.72) and more than 90% more likely to score below the general population norm on physical functioning (AOR=1.94; 95% CI=1.51, 2.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated OEF and OIF deployments may adversely affect the military readiness of New Jersey National Guard combat soldiers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Health Care System, Lyons Campus, Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences (Bldg 143), 151 Knollcroft Rd, Lyons, NJ 07939-5000, USA. anna.kline@va.gov
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kline
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falca-Dodson
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sussner
authors.forename: Donald S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ciccone
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: Lanora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: Miklos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Losonczy
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009515:New Jersey / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology; D014938:Work Capacity Evaluation