title: Deep tissue injury rat model for pressure ulcer research on spinal cord injury.
abstract: Many rat/mouse pressure ulcer (PU) models have been developed to test different hypotheses to gain deeper understanding of various causative risk factors, the progress of PUs, and assessing effectiveness of potential treatment modalities. The recently emphasized deep tissue injury (DTI) mechanism for PU formation has received increased attention and several studies reported findings on newly developed DTI animal models. However, concerns exist for the clinical relevance and validity of these models, especially when the majority of the reported rat PU/DTI models were not built upon SCI animals and many of the DTI research did not simulate well the clinical observation. In this study, we propose a rat PU and DTI model which is more clinically relevant by including chronic SCI condition into the rat PU model and to simulate the role of bony prominence in DTI formation by using an implant on the bone-tissue interface. Histological data and imaging findings confirmed that the condition of chronic SCI had significant effect on pressure induced tissue injury in a rat PU model and the including a simulated bony prominence in rat DTI model resulted in significantly greater injury in deep muscle tissue. Further integration of the SCI condition and the simulated bony prominence would result a rat PU/DTI model which can simulate even more accurately the clinical phenomenon and yield more clinically relevant findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, 345 E. Superior Str. Suite 1406, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Atek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandya
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cichowski
authors.forename: Mauli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.forename: Briana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reprogle
authors.forename: Dongkeun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kadono
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makhsous
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000473:pathology; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000473:pathology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000473:pathology