title: Prediagnostic serum concentrations of organochlorine compounds and risk of testicular germ cell tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent findings suggest that exposure to organochlorine (OC) compounds, chlordanes and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) in particular, may increase the risk of developing testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To further investigate this question, we conducted a nested case-control study of TGCTs within the Norwegian Janus Serum Bank cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted among individuals with serum collected between 1972 and 1978. TGCT cases diagnosed through 1999 (n = 49; 27-62 years of age at diagnosis) were identified through linkage to the Norwegian Cancer Registry. Controls (n =51) were matched to cases on region, blood draw year, and age at blood draw. Measurements of 11 OC insecticide compounds and 34 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were performed using gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Case-control comparisons of lipid-adjusted analyte concentrations were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for tertiles of analyte concentration were calculated using conditional logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGCT cases had elevated concentrations of p,p'-DDE (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1 OR (OR(T3)) 2.2; 95% CI, 0.7-6.5; p(Wilcoxon) = 0.07), oxychlordane (OR(T3) 3.2; 95% CI, 0.6-16.8; p(Wilcoxon) = 0.05), trans-nonachlor (OR(T3) 2.6; 95% CI, 0.7-8.9; p(Wilcoxon) = 0.07), and total chlordanes (OR(T3) 2.0; 95% CI, 0.6-7.2; p(Wilcoxon) = 0.048) compared with controls, although no ORs were statistically significant. Seminoma cases had significantly lower concentrations of PCB congeners 44, 49, and 52 and significantly higher concentrations of PCBs 99, 138, 153, 167, 183, and 195.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides additional but qualified evidence supporting an association between exposures to p,p'-DDE and chlordane compounds, and possibly some PCB congeners, and TGCT risk.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. purduem@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Purdue
authors.forename: Lawrence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Langseth
authors.forename: Larry L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Needham
authors.forename: Aage
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Dana B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McGlynn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002706:Chlordan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002706:Chlordan; C008743:oxychlordane; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls