title: Chlorophenols, chlorocatechols and chloroguaiacols induce DNA base oxidation in human lymphocytes (in vitro).
abstract: Phenolic compounds are strong environmental toxicants, which are found in food, drinking water as well as in the indoor and outdoor air environment. In this work we investigated the effect of low concentrations of 0.2, 1 and 5 microg/ml of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), 4,6-dichloroguaiacol (4,6-DCG), tetrachloroguaiacol (TeCG), 4,5-dichlorocatechol (4,5-DCC) and tetrachlorocatechol (TeCC) on DNA bases oxidation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The analysis was performed using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (the comet assay). To detect oxidized pyrimidynes and purines we used the repair enzymes such as endonuclease III and formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase. DNA oxidation was expressed as a percentage of comet tail, which was formed after the xenobiotics treatment. The obtained results showed that all the compounds examined were able to oxidize DNA bases in human lymphocytes. It was also observed that pyrimidine bases were more strongly oxidized in comparison to purine ones. Finally, it was found that chlorinated catechols and TeCC in particular, revealed a higher oxidative potential in comparison to chlorophenols and chloroguaiacols, and a rise in the number of chlorine atoms in the compound from each group examined led to an increase in DNA bases damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16 St., 90-237 Łódź, Poland. michalow@biol.uni.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Jaromir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michałowicz
authors.forename: Ireneusz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Majsterek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002396:Catechols / Q000633:toxicity*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D020552:Comet Assay; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006139:Guaiacol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D002733:Chlorophenols; D002713:Chlorine; D006139:Guaiacol; D004247:DNA; D004720:Endonucleases