title: Association of melamine exposure with urinary stone and oxidative DNA damage in infants.
abstract: There is evidence in experimental animals for the urolithiasis and carcinogenicity of melamine, but no evidence for melamine in humans. To evaluate any association between melamine-contaminated powdered formula (MCPF) feeding and urolithiasis, and further the MCPF feeding and oxidative damage to DNA in infants. A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess urolithiasis and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in four groups of infants according to the type of feeding: (1) Infants receiving over 90% of their intake as MCPF. (2) Infants receiving 50-90% of their intake as MCPF. (3) Infants receiving less than 50% of their intake as MCPF. (4) Infants receiving over 90% of their intake as imported milk powdered formula free of melamine contamination. Groups 1 to 3 are the observation groups, and Group 4 is the reference group. There is a significant correlation between urolithiasis and percentage of MCPF intake. The mean urinary 8-OHdG concentrations for Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were: 2.03 +/- 0.52, 1.67 +/- 0.28, 1.90 +/- 0.39, and 1.85 +/- 0.47 micromoles per mole of creatinine, respectively. There were no significant differences in the mean urinary 8-OHdG concentrations among the observation and control groups. There were also no correlation between mean urinary 8-OHdG excretions and percentage of MCPF intake. Our data suggested that melamine exposure were associated with urolithiasis, but it might not cause any increase in oxidative damage of DNA in infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518020 Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. keyke@tom.com
authors.forename: Yuebin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Xiaobei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Feiqiu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Xinyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Gonghua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Renli
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Baoming
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004249:DNA Damage; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D014227:Triazines / Q000633:toxicity*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D014227:Triazines; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; C011907:melamine