Neuropathy target esterase: an essential enzyme for neural development and axonal maintenance.
Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is an endoplasmic reticulum-anchored protein conserved across species. The N-terminal regulatory region of NTE contains three cyclic nucleotide binding domains while the C-terminal catalytic domain has a patatin domain. The NTE gene is expressed in mouse early at embryonic day 7 and its expression is maintained throughout embryonic development. NTE protein is mainly distributed in the nervous system with a pattern that is more restricted to large neurons in older animals. NTE regulates phospholipid metabolism and is known to be a phospholipase B. Knockout of NTE is embryonic lethal in mice, indicating that NTE is essential for embryonic survival. Neuronal specific NTE knockouts survive to adulthood, but show vacuolation and neuronal loss characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, mutations in human NTE have been shown to cause a hereditary spastic paraplegia called NTE-related motor neuron disorder, suggesting a critical role for NTE in the nervous system.
Chang
Ping-An
PA
Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Bio-information, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, PR China.
Wu
Yi-Jun
YJ
D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010743:Phospholipids; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C021859:neurotoxic esterase