title: Iron chelator-mediated alterations in gene expression: identification of novel iron-regulated molecules that are molecular targets of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and p53.
abstract: Iron deficiency affects 500 million people, yet the molecular role of iron in gene expression remains poorly characterized. In addition, the alterations in global gene expression after iron chelation remain unclear and are important to assess for understanding the molecular pathology of iron deficiency and the biological effects of chelators. Considering this, we assessed the effect on whole genome gene expression of two iron chelators (desferrioxamine and 2-hydroxy-1-napthylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone) that have markedly different permeability properties. Sixteen genes were significantly regulated by both ligands, whereas a further 50 genes were significantly regulated by either compound. Apart from iron-mediated regulation of expression via hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha, it was noteworthy that the transcription factor p53 was also involved in iron-regulated gene expression. Examining 16 genes regulated by both chelators in normal and neoplastic cells, five genes (APP, GDF15, CITED2, EGR1, and PNRC1) were significantly differentially expressed between the cell types. In view of their functions in tumor suppression, proliferation, and apoptosis, these findings are important for understanding the selective antiproliferative effects of chelators against neoplastic cells. Most of the genes identified have not been described previously to be iron-regulated and are important for understanding the molecular and cellular effects of iron depletion.
authors.affiliation: Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saletta
authors.forename: Yohan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suryo Rahmanto
authors.forename: Egarit
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Noulsri
authors.forename: Des R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D018390:Gene Targeting / Q000379:methods; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000502:physiology*; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D007501:Iron; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035925:Iron-Regulatory Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D035925:Iron-Regulatory Proteins; D007501:Iron