title: Overlapping repressor binding sites regulate expression of the Methanococcus maripaludis glnK(1) operon.
abstract: The euryarchaeal transcriptional repressor NrpR regulates a variety of nitrogen assimilation genes by 2-oxoglutarate-reversible binding to conserved palindromic operators. The number and positioning of these operators varies among promoter regions of regulated genes, suggesting NrpR can bind in different patterns. Particularly intriguing is the contrast between the nif and glnK(1) promoter regions of Methanococcus maripaludis, where two operators are present but with different configurations. Here we study NrpR binding and regulation at the glnK(1) promoter, where the two operator sequences overlap and occur on opposite faces of the double helix. We find that both operators function in binding, with a dimer of NrpR binding simultaneously to each overlapping operator. We show in vivo that the first operator plays a primary role in regulation and the second operator plays an enhancing role. This is the first demonstration of overlapping operators functioning in Archaea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Box 357242, Seattle, WA 98195-7242, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lie
authors.forename: Erik L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Hendrickson
authors.forename: Ulf M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Niess
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Andrew K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Haydock
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Leigh
mesh_terms: D019843:Archaeal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D019848:Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D017017:Methanococcus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009875:Operator Regions, Genetic; D009876:Operon; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019843:Archaeal Proteins; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D009584:Nitrogen