title: Single versus bilateral external ventricular drainage for intraventricular fibrinolysis in severe ventricular haemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraventricular fibrinolysis (IVF) through bilateral external ventricular drains (EVD) may provide better access of the thrombolytic agent to the intraventricular clot, potentially influencing clot clearance and outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with spontaneous ganglionic intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH)<40 cm(3) and intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) with acute hydrocephalus have been treated with IVF. The decision for placement of one or two EVDs has been left to the discretion of the treating physician. CT volumetry, the effects on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation and outcome at 3 months have been analysed for patients with one (group I, n = 13) or two EVDs (group II, n = 14).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was found in clot resolution between the two groups (clot half life 2.1 (SD 1.2) vs 2.4 (1.3) days). A separate analysis of the third and fourth ventricle clearance was similar (1.6 (0.6) versus 1.8 (0.8) days), indicating no difference in reconstitution of CSF circulation. A trend towards a longer EVD duration and higher infection rate was found in the bilateral EVD group. No difference was found in outcome at 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results do not support the use of bilateral EVDs for IVF in patients with severe IVH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. dimitre.staykov@uk-erlangen.de
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Staykov
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Huttner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lunkenheimer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Volbers
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Struffert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doerfler
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ganslandt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Juettler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bardutzky
mesh_terms: D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000379:methods; D004322:Drainage; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006406:Hematoma / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents