title: Clinical study of chronic lateral ankle instability: injured ligaments compared with stress X-ray examination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A comparative analysis of ankle stress X-ray findings and the condition of injured ligaments in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability was performed to determine a method of identifying the condition of injured ligaments prior to operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Altogether, 36 males and 80 females were included in the study. The average age at the time of operation was 29.4 years. Anterior drawer distances and talar tilt angles were measured manually. During the operations, the injured ligaments were classified into 25 categories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The condition of the injured ligaments in patients with a talar tilt angle of more than 15 degrees had injured ligaments that were almost avulsed and degenerated or completely absent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tsukigase Rehabilitation Center, Keio University, Izu-shi, Shizuoka 410-3293, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inokuchi
authors.forename: Tetsuroh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kokubo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult