title: Effects of exercise on muscle glycogen synthesis signalling and enzyme activities in pigs carrying the PRKAG3 mutation.
abstract: The dominant RN mutation in pigs results in excessive glycogen storage in skeletal muscle. The mutation is situated in the PRKAG3 gene, which encodes a muscle-specific isoform of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gamma3 subunit. AMPK is an important regulator of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in mammalian cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of exercise on glycogen synthesis signalling pathways in muscle and to study enzyme activities of importance in carbohydrate metabolism in pigs with or without the PRKAG3 mutation. Glycogen content, metabolic enzyme activities and expression or phosphorylation of signalling proteins were analysed in skeletal muscle specimens obtained at rest, after a single treadmill exercise bout and after 3 h recovery. The PRKAG3 mutation carriers had higher glycogen content, a tendency for lower expression of AMPK (P < 0.07) and higher hexokinase and phosphorylase activities, whereas citrate synthase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and glycogen synthase activities did not differ between genotypes. Carriers and non-carriers of the RN mutation showed a similar degradation of glycogen after exercise, whereas the rate of resynthesis was faster in the carriers. Acute exercise stimulated Akt phosphorylation on Ser(473) in both genotypes, and the effect was greater in the carriers than in the non-carriers. Acute exercise also stimulated phosphorylation of Akt substrate of 160 kDA and Glycogen synthase kinase 3 in the carriers and GSK3alpha in the non-carriers. In conclusion, the increased rate of glycogen synthesis following exercise in pigs carrying the PRKAG3 mutation correlates with an increased signalling response of Akt and its substrate, AS160, and a higher activity of hexokinase, indicating an increased glucose influx and phosphorylation of glucose, directed towards glycogen synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Comparative Physiology and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. anna.granlund@kv.slu.se
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Granlund
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kotova
authors.forename: Boubacar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Benziane
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galuska
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jensen-Waern
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Chibalin
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Essén-Gustavsson
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D006003:Glycogen; D006593:Hexokinase; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; C448021:glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases