title: Possible roles of human (pro)renin receptor suggested by recent clinical and experimental findings.
abstract: Numerous in vitro and in vivo animal studies using the (pro)renin receptor (P)RR blocker handle region peptide have suggested an important role of (P)RR in the pathogenesis of end-stage organ damage in patients with diabetes and hypertension. In addition, a limited number of clinical studies have suggested an association between (P)RR gene polymorphisms and blood pressure levels and between (P)RR mRNA levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNA levels in human arteries. However, recent studies have shown that the (P)RR is divided into its soluble form and a residual hydrophobic part, which includes ATPase 6 associated protein 2, within cells. Therefore, the (P)RR may have a more complex function than previously thought. In addition, the physiological roles of the (P)RR remain undetermined, because the construction of (P)RR null mice has not been successful. As a next step for research in this area, a method for determining the soluble (P)RR levels in plasma and urine and the construction of tissue-specific (P)RR-knockout mice are needed to elucidate the roles of the (P)RR in physiology and pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology & Anti-Aging Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. atzichi@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp
authors.forename: Atsuhiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ichihara
authors.forename: Mariyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurauchi-Mito
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinouchi
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murohashi-Bokuda
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000502:physiology; D000093342:Prorenin Receptor
chemical_list: C458319:ATP6AP2 protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases; D000093342:Prorenin Receptor