title: Development and tracking of central patterns of subcutaneous fat of rural South African youth: Ellisras longitudinal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals grow and accumulate central patterns of body fat into the diseases they will suffer from as older adults. The need to elicit the development and tracking of central patterns of body fat from younger age into adolescent remains to be explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skinfolds measurements were done according to the standard procedures in the Ellisras Longitudinal Growth and Health Study. In total, 2,225 children--550 preschool and 1,675 primary school--aged 3-10 years (birth cohorts 1993 to 1986) were enrolled at baseline in 1996 and followed through out the eight-year periodic surveys. In 2003, 1,771 children--489 preschool and 1,282 primary school--were still in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The development of triceps, biceps, suprailiac and suscapular skinfolds of Ellisras girls were significantly higher (p < 0.001 to 0.05) compared to boys over time. The tracking coefficient between the initial measurements and the subsequent measurements was higher for skinfolds (r about 0.63) than for skinfold ratios (r about 0.43). Longitudinal tracking coefficient measuring the association between the initial measurements and all the follow up measurements simultaneously was about 0.57.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accumulation of central patterns of body fat of Ellisras children starts in childhood and adolescence spurt with Ellisras girls acquiring more than boys over time. High significant tracking of skinfold thickness while the skinfold ratios show low and insignificant tracking over time. The magnitude of central patterns of body fat accumulation over time requires further investigation to clarify their association with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease of lifestyle unit, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa. dmonyeki@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Kotsedi D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Monyeki
authors.forename: Han Cg
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kemper
authors.forename: Phuti J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Makgae
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012424:Rural Population; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013019:South Africa; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000254:growth & development*; D055815:Young Adult