title: Thioridazine protects the mouse from a virulent infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 74.
abstract: When administered to mice at doses of 100microg/mouse and 200microg/mouse, thioridazine (TDZ) significantly protected animals from the lethality produced by a virulent strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and reduced the number of bacteria retrieved from the spleen, liver and heart blood. The protection conferred by TDZ against a virulent Salmonella infection is hypothesised to be due to a reduction in the 55kDa virulence protein of the outer membrane of the organism, as this protein is almost totally absent when the organism is exposed to the phenothiazine. It is further hypothesised that the reduction in the 55kDa virulence factor renders the organism susceptible to the action of hydrolytic enzymes of the neutrophil phagolysosome, whereas in the absence of exposure to TDZ intracellular ingestion and localisation of the phagocytosed bacterium does not result in killing owing to rapid induction of the two-step PmrA/B regulon that results in the eventual synthesis and insertion of lipid A into the nascent lipopolysaccharide layer of the outer membrane.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Herbicure Healthcare Bio-Herbal Research Foundation, 7 & 8 Metro Garden City, D.H. Road, Pailan, Kolkata 700107, India.
authors.forename: Asish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
authors.forename: Sayanti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Shaswati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaki
authors.forename: Sujata G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Dastidar
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hendricks
authors.forename: Jørn B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Jette E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amaral
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D050296:Microbial Viability; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000382:microbiology; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects*; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013881:Thioridazine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors; D013881:Thioridazine