Methylamine clearance by haemodialysis is low.
BACKGROUND
Dialysis adequacy is currently judged by measures of urea clearance. However, urea is relatively non-toxic and has properties distinct from large classes of other retained solutes. In particular, intracellularly sequestered solutes are likely to behave differently than urea.


METHODS
We studied an example of this class, the aliphatic amine monomethylamine (MMA), in stable haemodialysis outpatients (n = 10) using an HPLC-based assay.


RESULTS
Mean MMA levels pre-dialysis in end-stage renal disease subjects were 76 +/- 15 microg/L compared to 32 +/- 4 microg/L in normal subjects (n = 10) (P < 0.001). Mean urea reduction was 62% while the reduction ratio for MMA was 43% (P < 0.01). MMA levels rebounded in the 1 hour post-dialytic period to 85% of baseline, whereas urea levels rebounded only to 47% of baseline. MMA had a much larger calculated volume of distribution compared to urea, consistent with intracellular sequestration. Measures of intra-red blood cell (RBC) MMA concentrations confirmed greater levels in RBCs than in plasma with a ratio of 4.9:1. Because of the intracellular sequestration of MMA, we calculated its clearance using that amount removed from whole blood. Clearances for urea averaged 222 +/- 41 ml/min and for MMA 121 +/- 14 ml/min, while plasma clearance for creatinine was 162 +/- 20 ml/min (P < 0.01, for all differences). Using in vitro dialysis, in the absence of RBCs, solute clearance rates were similar: 333 +/- 6, 313 +/- 8 and 326 +/- 4 ml/min for urea, creatinine and MMA, respectively. These findings suggest that the lower MMA clearance relative to creatinine in vivo is a result of MMA movement into RBCs within the dialyser blood path diminishing its removal by dialysis.


CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, we find that, in conventional haemodialysis, MMA is not cleared as efficiently as urea or creatinine and raise the possibility that RBCs may limit its dialysis not merely by failing to discharge it, but by further sequestering it as blood passes through the dialyser.
Ponda
Manish P
MP
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Room 615, Ullmann Building, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
Quan
Zhe
Z
Melamed
Michal L
ML
Raff
Amanda
A
Meyer
Timothy W
TW
Hostetter
Thomas H
TH
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008744:Methylamines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism
D008744:Methylamines; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; C027451:methylamine; D010100:Oxygen