title: Smoking initiation and schizophrenia: a replication study in a Chinese Han population.
abstract: Schizophrenia is associated with a greater probability of ever smoking daily and with higher rates of initiation of daily smoking after age 20 in Caucasian populations. The aims of the current study were to replicate that schizophrenia is associated with smoking and higher risk of initiating daily smoking before schizophrenia starts among a large sample of male Chinese patients. A survival analysis of onset age for daily smoking compared 776 DSM-IV male inpatients with schizophrenia to 560 male controls. The results showed that the cumulative hazard curves for age of smoking initiation in schizophrenia and controls were significantly different (p<0.001), even after controlling for education (p<0.001). After excluding the patients who started smoking within 5 years before schizophrenia started, the cumulative hazard curve for schizophrenia was significantly different from ever-smoked controls (p<0.001), even after adjusting for education (p<0.001). These findings suggest that schizophrenic patients have a higher risk of starting daily smoking suggesting that vulnerability to schizophrenia may be associated with a higher risk of becoming a daily smoker.
authors.affiliation: Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. xyzhang@bcm.edu
authors.forename: Xiang Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Cun Bao
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: You Lan
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Chong Xi
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Quan Zhi
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Wen Zhong
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yi Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Da Chun
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mei Hong
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Xiu
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kosten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006306:Health Surveys; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents