title: Health economics of blood transfusion safety--focus on sub-Saharan Africa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Health economics provides a standardised methodology for valid comparisons of interventions in different fields of health care. This review discusses the health economic evaluations of strategies to enhance blood product safety in sub-Saharan Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed health economic methodology with special reference to cost-effectiveness analysis. We searched the literature for cost-effectiveness in blood product safety in sub-Saharan Africa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV-antibody screening in different settings in sub-Saharan Africa showed health gains and saved costs. Except for adding HIV-p24 screening, adding other tests such as nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) to HIV-antibody screening displayed incremental cost-effectiveness ratios greater than the WHO/World Bank specified threshold for cost-effectiveness. The addition of HIV-p24 in combination with HCV antibody/antigen screening and multiplex (HBV, HCV and HIV) NAT in pools of 24 may also be cost-effective options for Ghana.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From a health economic viewpoint, HIV-antibody screening should always be implemented in sub-Saharan Africa. The addition of HIV-p24 antigen screening, in combination with HCV antibody/antigen screening and multiplex (HBV, HCV and HIV) NAT in pools of 24 may be feasible options for Ghana. Suggestions for future health economic evaluations of blood transfusion safety interventions in sub-Saharan Africa are: mis-transfusion, laboratory quality and donor management.
authors.affiliation: Unit of PharmacoEpidemiology and PharmacoEconomics (PE(2)), Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. m.van.hulst@rug.nl
authors.forename: Marinus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Hulst
authors.forename: Cees Th
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Smit Sibinga
authors.forename: Maarten J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Postma
mesh_terms: D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D003257:Consumer Product Safety / Q000592:standards; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D046148:Donor Selection / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D017751:Safety Management / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D065227:Transfusion Reaction