title: A global view of protein expression in human cells, tissues, and organs.
abstract: Defining the protein profiles of tissues and organs is critical to understanding the unique characteristics of the various cell types in the human body. In this study, we report on an anatomically comprehensive analysis of 4842 protein profiles in 48 human tissues and 45 human cell lines. A detailed analysis of over 2 million manually annotated, high-resolution, immunohistochemistry-based images showed a high fraction (>65%) of expressed proteins in most cells and tissues, with very few proteins (<2%) detected in any single cell type. Similarly, confocal microscopy in three human cell lines detected expression of more than 70% of the analyzed proteins. Despite this ubiquitous expression, hierarchical clustering analysis, based on global protein expression patterns, shows that the analyzed cells can be still subdivided into groups according to the current concepts of histology and cellular differentiation. This study suggests that tissue specificity is achieved by precise regulation of protein levels in space and time, and that different tissues in the body acquire their unique characteristics by controlling not which proteins are expressed but how much of each is produced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pontén
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gry
authors.forename: Linn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fagerberg
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lundberg
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asplund
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oksvold
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Björling
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hober
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kampf
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navani
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ottosson
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wernérus
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wester
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhlén
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D019070:Cell Lineage; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D030562:Databases, Protein; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010641:Phenotype; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*