title: Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  gram-positive infections are prevalent among cancer patients and vancomycin therapy is often initiated empirically. A typical vancomycin pharmacokinetics is observed in such patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in this patient population and compare it to that of normal population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin was examined retrospectively in two groups of patients - 18 cancer patients (age 43.4 ± 22.1 years) and 13 patients without cancer (age 48.5 ± 20.2 years). Following the administration of intermittent intravenous infusion of 15 mg/kg of vancomycin, peak and trough vancomycin serum concentration were determined after the third dose or at steady state as per standard of care. Vancomycin data were analyzed according to a one-compartment open model. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as clearance (CL), volume of distribution (Vd), and K elimination (ke) were calculated. Both Vd and CL were significantly higher in the cancer group (Mean Vd was 70 ± 45 L in the cancer group and 31.1 ± 8.3 L in the noncancer group, p-value 0.002; CL mean was 110.1 ± 42 mL/min in the cancer group and 71.2 ± 22.2 mL/min in the noncancer group, p-value 0.005). There was no significant difference in K elimination and half-life (t(1/2)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  cancer patients may require higher than usual dosing regimens to ensure optimal therapeutic concentrations, since vancomycin CL and Vd is significantly higher in these patients, a dosing schedule as high as 60 mg/kg/day may be needed for cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. halkofide@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: Hadeel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Kofide
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zaghloul
authors.forename: Lamya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Al-Naim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin