CO(2), Er: YAG and Nd:YAG lasers in endodontic surgery.
OBJECTIVE
CO(2), Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers have been used in endodontic surgery. This in vitro study evaluated 1% Rhodamine B dye penetration using computer-assisted morphometry (ImageTool Software) of 108 endodontically treated human permanent canines.


METHODS
Teeth were divided into 9 groups according to the technique used: A: 90-degree apicoectomy with bur, root-end cavity preparation with ultrasound and filled with MTA; B: 90-degree apicoectomy with bur, root-end cavity prepared with ultrasound and filled with MTA, and treatment of apical surface with CO(2) laser (1 W, CW/CW); C: 90-degree apicoectomy with bur, and treatment of apical surface with Nd:YAG laser (150 mJ, 10 Hz); D: 90-degree apicoectomy with bur, and treatment of apical surface with CO(2) laser,(1 W, CW/CW); E: apicoectomy with Er:YAG laser (400 mJ, 10 Hz), root-end cavity prepared with ultrasound and filled with MTA; F: apicoectomy with Er:YAG laser (400 mJ, 10 Hz) and treatment of apical surface with Nd:YAG laser (150 mJ, 10Hz); G: apicoectomy with CO(2) laser (5W, CW/SP), root-end cavity prepared with ultrasound and filled with MTA; H: irradiation of apical end with CO(2) laser (1 W, CW/CW); I: irradiation of apical end with Nd:YAG laser (150 mJ, 10 Hz).


RESULTS
Dye penetration was found in all specimens at different rates, the lowest penetration occurring in groups C (16.20%), B (17.24%) and F (17.84%).


CONCLUSIONS
Groups B, C and F represent the best technical sequences to perform endodontic surgery.
Pozza
Daniel Humberto
DH
Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Porto, Portugal.
Fregapani
Patrícia Wehmeyer
PW
Xavier
Cristina Braga
CB
Weber
João Batista Blessmann
JB
Oliveira
Marília Gerhardt de
MG
D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001047:Apicoectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D003804:Dentin / Q000473:pathology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D054020:Lasers, Gas / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012184:Retrograde Obturation / Q000379:methods; D012235:Rhodamines; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000473:pathology*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods
D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D010087:Oxides; D012235:Rhodamines; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C029773:rhodamine B