title: Time-varied magnetic field enhances transport of magnetic nanoparticles in viscous gel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The potential of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to deliver various forms of therapy has not been fully realized, in part due to difficulties in transporting the carriers through soft tissue to different target sites. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that transport of MNPs through a viscous gel can be controlled by a combined AC (time-varying) magnetic field and static field gradient.
  
  
  METHODS
  MNP velocity and transport efficiency were measured in a viscous gel at various settings of magnetic field and magnetite loadings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combined application of an AC magnetic field with the static field gradient resulted in a nearly 30-fold increase in MNP transport efficiency in viscous gel for 30% (w/w) magnetite-loaded particles as compared with static field conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 'oscillating' effect of an AC magnetic field greatly improves the ability to transport MNPs within soft media by decreasing the effective viscosity of the gel.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Cristin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alamia
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barbee
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Polyak
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009038:Motion; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D005782:Gels