title: Phosphorylated hamartin-Hsp70 complex regulates apoptosis via mitochondrial localization.
abstract: The products of the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes, hamartin and tuberin, form a heterodimer. Recently we reported that hamartin directly interacted with Hsp70. However, the physiological implications of this interaction have not yet been clearly defined. Here we show that hamartin localized to the outer membrane of the mitochondria in an Hsp70-dependent manner. Moreover, phosphorylation of the T417 residue of hamartin was required for its localization to the mitochondria as well as its interaction with Hsp70. A non-phosphorylatable hamartin mutant at residue T417 was unable to localize to the mitochondria and suppress apoptosis, whereas non-phosphorylatable hamartin mutants T357A and T390A localized to the mitochondria and suppressed apoptosis. Importantly, non-phosphorylatable mutants (T357A, T390A and T417A) promoted apoptosis after treatment with Hsp 70-inhibitor KNK437. We conclude that hamartin inhibited apoptosis by localizing to the mitochondria and that its phosphorylation and binding to Hsp70 was required for facilitation of this process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uyama
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Machiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazami
authors.forename: Okio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hino
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Tadahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tadokoro
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D019556:COS Cells; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D000077004:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D000077004:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins