title: Inferring Drosophila gap gene regulatory network: pattern analysis of simulated gene expression profiles and stability analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inference of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) requires accurate data, a method to simulate the expression patterns and an efficient optimization algorithm to estimate the unknown parameters. Using this approach it is possible to obtain alternative circuits without making any a priori assumptions about the interactions, which all simulate the observed patterns. It is important to analyze the properties of the circuits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have analyzed the simulated gene expression patterns of previously obtained circuits that describe gap gene dynamics during early Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis. Using hierarchical clustering we show that amplitude variation and defects observed in the simulated gene expression patterns are linked to similar circuits, which can be grouped. Furthermore, analysis of the long-term dynamics revealed four main dynamical attractors comprising stable patterns and oscillatory patterns. In addition, we also performed a correlation analysis on the parameters showing an intricate correlation pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis demonstrates that the obtained gap gene circuits are not unique showing variable long-term dynamics and highly correlating scattered parameters. Furthermore, although the model can simulate the pattern up to gastrulation and confirms several of the known regulatory interactions, it does not reproduce the transient expression of all gap genes as observed experimentally. We suggest that the shortcomings of the model may be caused by overfitting, incomplete model description and/or missing data.
authors.affiliation: Section Computational Science, Faculty of Science University of Amsterdam. Science Park 107, 1078 XJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fomekong-Nanfack
authors.forename: Marten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Postma
authors.forename: Jaap A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kaandorp