title: Phase I trial of motexafin gadolinium and doxorubicin in the treatment of advanced malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety, maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), and dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), of motexafin gadolinium (MGd), given in combination with doxorubicin, in patients with advanced solid tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The combination of MGd and doxorubicin was administered every 28 days (cycle 1) and then every 21 days (subsequent cycles). The dose of MGd, given daily for 3 days, was escalated from 1.0 mg/kg/d to 3.3 mg/kg/d, while the dose of doxorubicin was held at 30 mg/m².
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen patients received 37 cycles of treatment, for a median of 2 cycles per patient (range 0-6 cycles). Three patients (20%) completed 6 cycles of therapy. The MTD was identified as MGd, 2 mg/kg/day and doxorubicin, 30 mg/m². Dose limiting toxicities included grade 3 hypertension, pneumonia, bacteremia, and elevated GGT. Serious adverse events also included pulmonary embolism and urinary tract infection requiring hospitalization. There was no exacerbation of cardiac toxicity. No patients attained a response to treatment. Six patients (54%) had stable disease. The median time to disease progression, or to last assessment, was 49 days (range 8-195 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of MGd and doxorubicin was fairly well tolerated. However, due to emerging preclinical data suggesting that MGd inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, further development of the combination of MGd plus doxorubicin is not recommended.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53792, USA. amt@medicine.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Traynor
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Ramesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.forename: Tarak D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Mody
authors.forename: Dona
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilding
authors.forename: Howard H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003710:Demography; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008665:Metalloporphyrins; C437683:motexafin gadolinium; D004317:Doxorubicin