title: Characterisation of pvmdr1 and pvdhfr genes associated with chemoresistance in Brazilian Plasmodium vivax isolates.
abstract: Plasmodium vivax control is now being hampered by drug resistance. Orthologous Plasmodium falciparum genes linked to chloroquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine chemoresistance have been identified in P. vivax parasites, but few studies have been performed. The goal of the present work is to characterise pvmdr1 and pvdhfr genes in parasite isolates from a Brazilian endemic area where no molecular investigation had been previously conducted. The pvmdr1 analysis revealed the existence of single (85.7%) and double (14.3%) mutant haplotypes, while the pvdhfr examination showed the presence of double (57.2%) and triple (42.8%) mutant haplotypes. The implications of these findings are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisas em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Bianca Ervatti
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Gama
authors.forename: Natália Ketrin Almeida de
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: José Maria de
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Cláudio Tadeu
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Daniel-Ribeiro
authors.forename: Maria de Fátima
authors.initials: Mde F
authors.lastname: Ferreira-da-Cruz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D017125:Genes, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C541684:Mdr1 protein, Plasmodium vivax