title: Acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols in Chinese hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) fruits.
abstract: Acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols in the fruits of 22 cultivars/origins of three species of hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Citric acid (2.0-8.4 g/100 g dry mass [DM]), quinic acid (0.5-5.6 g/100 g DM), malic acid (0.3-1.1 g/100 g DM), fructose (5.5-18.4 g/100 g DM), glucose (5.3-16.6 g/100 g DM), sorbitol (3.0-15.7 g/100 g DM), and myo-inositol (0.1-0.3 g/100 g DM) were found in all the samples. Sucrose was present only in C. scabrifolia and three cultivars of C. pinnatifida var. major. C. scabrifolia differed from other species by its high content of quinic acid. The cultivars of C. pinnatifida var. major and C. brettschneideri had a higher content of total sugars and a higher sugar/acid ratio than the natural origins of C. pinnatifida and C. scabrifolia (P < 0.05). The hawthorn samples analyzed fell into two groups rich in sugars and acids respectively. This is the first report of the profiles of sugars and sugar alcohols and the occurrence of quinic acid in hawthorn fruits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Pengzhan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kallio
authors.forename: Deguo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Chuansheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shiyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Baoru
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D027825:Crataegus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D013402:Sugar Alcohols / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D002241:Carbohydrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013402:Sugar Alcohols