Polynesia and polygenism: the scientific use of travel literature in the early 19th century.
Christoph Meiners (1747-1810) was one of 18th-century Europe's most important readers of global travel literature, and he has been credited as a founder of the disciplines of ethnology and anthropology. This article examines a part of his final work, "Untersuchungen über die Verschiedenheiten der Menschennaturen" [Inquiries on the differences of human natures], published posthumously in the 1810s. Here Meiners developed an elaborate argument, based on empirical evidence, that the different races of men emerged indigenously at different times and in different places in natural history. Specifically this article shows how a sedentary scholar who never left Europe constructed a narrative of human origins and migrations on the basis of (1) French theory from the 1750s (Charles de Brosses and Simon Pelloutier) and (2) data gathered by explorers as reported in travel literature (J.R. Forster, Pérouse, Cook, Marsden).
Carhart
Michael C
MC
Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA
D000883:Anthropology / Q000193:education / Q000266:history; D001319:Authorship; D036262:Empirical Research; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology; D005007:Ethnology / Q000193:education / Q000266:history; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005101:Expeditions / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D008091:Literature / Q000266:history; D019370:Observation; D011114:Polynesia / Q000208:ethnology; D011642:Publications / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history; D012108:Research Personnel / Q000193:education / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology; D012586:Science / Q000193:education / Q000266:history; D014195:Travel / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology