title: Mechanism of macrophage activation induced by beta-glucan produced from Paenibacillus polymyxa JB115.
abstract: Beta-glucans are heterogeneous groups of glucose polymers found in the cell walls of fungi, plants and some bacteria. Our previous report showed that a novel beta-1,3/1,6-glucan produced from Paenibacillus (P.) polymyxa JB115 can induce nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells. In the present study, the beta-glucan significantly increased luciferase activity in cells transfected with NFkappaB or AP1, but not STAT1, reporter vector DNA, which contain their binding promoter site. All specific NFkappaB and MAPKs pathway inhibitors (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, AG490, U0126, SB203580 and SP600125) remarkably attenuated NO production induced by the beta-glucan. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that the stimulation of Raw264.7 cells by beta-glucan induced phosphorylation of IkappaB and the consequent translocation of NFkappaB into the nucleus. Meanwhile, phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK/SAPK and p38 MAPKs in cytoplasm were also confirmed. All these results indicated that beta-glucan from P. polymyxa JB115 activates macrophages through MAPKs and NFkappaB signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Zhi-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Joong-Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gebru
authors.forename: Joo-Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hee-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Woo-Sik
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Seung-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D056507:Paenibacillus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D047071:beta-Glucans; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases