title: Nonvertical, nonsexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in children.
abstract: In a cohort of 450 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children followed up in Maputo, Mozambique, 22 were born to HIV-uninfected mothers and had no history of sexual abuse. A case record review of these nonvertically, nonsexually infected children as well as a case-control study strongly suggests health care as possible source of infection for many of these children. This facet of the pediatric HIV epidemic should not be overlooked.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Sweden. paula.vaz@ki.se
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vaz
authors.forename: Alinia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pedro
authors.forename: Soazig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Bozec
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Macassa
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.forename: Gunnel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biberfeld
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blanche
authors.forename: Sören
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006678:HIV / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009073:Mozambique / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors