title: Distinct sarcomeric substrates are responsible for protein kinase D-mediated regulation of cardiac myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and cross-bridge cycling.
abstract: Protein kinase D (PKD), a serine/threonine kinase with emerging cardiovascular functions, phosphorylates cardiac troponin I (cTnI) at Ser(22)/Ser(23), reduces myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity, and accelerates cross-bridge cycle kinetics. Whether PKD regulates cardiac myofilament function entirely through cTnI phosphorylation at Ser(22)/Ser(23) remains to be established. To determine the role of cTnI phosphorylation at Ser(22)/Ser(23) in PKD-mediated regulation of cardiac myofilament function, we used transgenic mice that express cTnI in which Ser(22)/Ser(23) are substituted by nonphosphorylatable Ala (cTnI-Ala(2)). In skinned myocardium from wild-type (WT) mice, PKD increased cTnI phosphorylation at Ser(22)/Ser(23) and decreased the Ca(2+) sensitivity of force. In contrast, PKD had no effect on the Ca(2+) sensitivity of force in myocardium from cTnI-Ala(2) mice, in which Ser(22)/Ser(23) were unavailable for phosphorylation. Surprisingly, PKD accelerated cross-bridge cycle kinetics similarly in myocardium from WT and cTnI-Ala(2) mice. Because cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) phosphorylation underlies cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-mediated acceleration of cross-bridge cycle kinetics, we explored whether PKD phosphorylates cMyBP-C at its PKA sites, using recombinant C1C2 fragments with or without site-specific Ser/Ala substitutions. Kinase assays confirmed that PKA phosphorylates Ser(273), Ser(282), and Ser(302), and revealed that PKD phosphorylates only Ser(302). Furthermore, PKD phosphorylated Ser(302) selectively and to a similar extent in native cMyBP-C of skinned myocardium from WT and cTnI-Ala(2) mice, and this phosphorylation occurred throughout the C-zones of sarcomeric A-bands. In conclusion, PKD reduces myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity through cTnI phosphorylation at Ser(22)/Ser(23) but accelerates cross-bridge cycle kinetics by a distinct mechanism. PKD phosphorylates cMyBP-C at Ser(302), which may mediate the latter effect.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sonya C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bardswell
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cuello
authors.forename: Alexandra J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.forename: Sakthivel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sadayappan
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gautel
authors.forename: Jeffery W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kentish
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Avkiran
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000502:physiology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012518:Sarcomeres / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D019210:Troponin I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000099163:Myosin Binding Protein C
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019210:Troponin I; D000099163:Myosin Binding Protein C; C089212:protein kinase D