title: Effects of combined use of trospium chloride and melatonin on in vitro contractility of rat urinary bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of combined use of trospium chloride and melatonin on in vitro contractility of rat urinary bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated bladder strips from 20 male Wistar rats were examined in an organ bath. Contractions were evoked by acetylcholine (ACh). Initially, effective concentrations of trospium and melatonin to inhibit the contractions were determined. We subsequently tested the effects of combined use of melatonin and trospium on agonist-induced contractions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure of bladder strips to 10 microM ACh significantly increased the contractions. After cumulative administration of increasing concentrations of trospium (1, 3, and 5 microM), agonist-induced contractions decreased significantly (P <.05). Similarly, the mean peak amplitude of contractions evoked by ACh was significantly inhibited by melatonin in a concentration-dependent manner (100, 200, and 300 microM) (P <.05). Further evaluation of the effects of combined use of trospium and melatonin on ACh-induced contractions of bladder strips revealed that one-tenth of initially applied dose of trospium (500 nM) in addition to the lowest inhibitory dose of melatonin (100 microM) significantly lowered both the peak amplitude and area under the contractility curve of contractions (P <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that combined use of low dose trospium and melatonin had strong in vitro inhibitory capability on agonist-induced contractions of rat bladder strips. The present findings may offer an insight into lowering the dose of an antimuscarinic by combining it with an antioxidant and endogenous hormone, melatonin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey. rahmionur@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Rahmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Onur
authors.forename: Mete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tuygun
authors.forename: Tunç
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozan
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayar
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Orhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001561:Benzilates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009662:Nortropanes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001561:Benzilates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D009662:Nortropanes; C003330:trospium chloride; D008550:Melatonin