title: Back disorders and lumbar load in nursing staff in geriatric care: a comparison of home-based care and nursing homes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Back pain is one of the most frequent complaints in the nursing profession. Thus, the 12-month prevalence of pain in the lumbar spine in nursing staff is as high as 76%. Only a few representative studies have assessed the prevalence rates of back pain and its risk factors among nursing staff in nursing homes in comparison to staff in home-based care facilities. The present study accordingly investigates the prevalence in the lumbar and cervical spine and determines the physical workload to lifting and caring in geriatric care.
  
  
  METHODS
  1390 health care workers in nursing homes and home care participated in this cross sectional survey. The nursing staff members were examined by occupational physicians according to the principals of the multistep diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders. Occupational exposure to daily care activities with patient transfers was measured by a standardised questionnaire. The lumbar load was calculated with the Mainz-Dortmund dose model. Information on ergonomic conditions were recorded from the management of the nursing homes. Comparisons of all outcome variables were made between both care settings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete documentation, including the findings from the occupational physicians and the questionnaire, was available for 41%. Staff in nursing homes had more often positive orthopaedic findings than staff in home care. At the same time the values calculated for lumbar load were found to be significant higher in staff in nursing homes than in home-based care: 45% vs. 6% were above the reference value. Nursing homes were well equipped with technical lifting aids, though their provision with assistive advices is unsatisfactory. Situation in home care seems worse, especially as the staff often has to get by without assistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future interventions should focus on counteracting work-related lumbar load among staff in nursing homes. Equipment and training in handling of assistive devices should be improved especially for staff working in home care.
authors.affiliation: Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Health and Welfare Services, Pappellallee 35/37, 22089 Hamburg, Germany. kathrin.kromark@bgw-online.de.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kromark
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dulon
authors.forename: Barbara-Beate
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nienhaus