Noonan syndrome: introduction and basic clinical features.
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a fairly common (1 per 1,000-2,500 live births) autosomal dominantly inherited disorder and the most common syndromal cause of congenital heart disease after Down's syndrome. The clinical features vary with age, but typical signs of NS include characteristic facial features with hypertelorism, down-slanting palpebral fissures, low-set posteriorly rotated ears, chest and spinal deformities, short stature, specific heart defects, learning disabilities and mild mental retardation. This article gives a brief introduction to NS and its basic clinical features using the established and generally accepted NS scoring system based on family history and facial, cardiac, growth, chest wall and other criteria. Aspects discussed include the definition, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and genetics of NS, as well as growth, skeletal and gonadal anomalies, pubertal development, ophthalmic and cutaneous abnormalities and the incidence of cancer in patients with NS.
Rohrer
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Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany. kitroh@uniklinikum-saarland.de
D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000235:genetics; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000235:genetics; D006331:Heart Diseases; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D007859:Learning Disabilities; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D009634:Noonan Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 / Q000235:genetics; D048490:raf Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics
D048490:raf Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C516724:PTPN11 protein, human; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D018631:ras Proteins