Head and neck sequelae of torture.
OBJECTIVE
To increase awareness of torture among otolaryngologists, and to describe methods and complications of head and neck torture.


METHODS
Retrospective review.


METHODS
Five cases of survivors of torture were evaluated in an otolaryngology practice in an urban hospital setting.


RESULTS
The subjects presented with widely variable symptoms and physical manifestations related to the head and neck as a result of torture, in addition to psychiatric disease. Documentation of head and neck findings were essential to the asylum claim.


CONCLUSIONS
Otolaryngologists serving immigrant and refugee populations must be familiar with methods and manifestations of torture involving the head and neck.
Crosby
Sondra S
SS
Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. scrosby@bu.edu
Mohan
Shaulnie
S
Di Loreto
Christina
C
Spiegel
Jeffrey H
JH
D000328:Adult; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D014104:Torture