title: Extracts of Calpurnia aurea leaves from southern Ethiopia attract and immobilise or kill ticks.
abstract: Calpurnia aurea extracts are used in southern Ethiopia to protect stock against ticks. Acetone, hexane and water leaf extracts of C. aurea collected in southern Ethiopia were tested for repellent/attractant and acaricidal properties on unfed adult Rhipicephalus pulchellus ticks. In contrast to many other plant species evaluated, C. aurea extracts did not have repellent properties, but rather had a slight attractant capacity. With 20% and 10% acetone extracts, all ticks were either killed or their mobility severely compromised after 1microl of extract was topically applied on the abdomen. At a 5% concentration, 85% of ticks were still affected. A 10% aqueous solution also had a marked effect. The results prove the efficacy of the traditional use of this extract and may lead to a product that can be used commercially to protect animals against tick infestation, under subsistence as well as industrialized conditions.
authors.affiliation: Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zorloni
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Penzhorn
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Eloff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005002:Ethiopia; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D013987:Ticks / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D010675:Pheromones; D010936:Plant Extracts; C010411:insect attractants