title: Optimization of pressurized liquid extraction of carotenoids and chlorophylls from Chlorella vulgaris.
abstract: Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was applied to the extraction of carotenoids and chlorophylls from the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris. Four extraction techniques such as maceration (MAC), Soxhlet extraction (SOX), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), and PLE were compared, and both the extraction temperature (50, 105, and 160 degrees C) and the extraction time (8, 19, and 30 min), which are the two main factors for PLE, were optimized with a central composite design to obtain the highest extraction efficiency. The extraction solvent (90% ethanol/water) could adequately extract the functional components from C. vulgaris. PLE showed higher extraction efficiencies than MAC, SOX, and UAE. Temperature was the key parameter having the strongest influence on the extraction of carotenoids and chlorophylls from chlorella. In addition, high heat treatment (>110 degrees C) by PLE minimized the formation of pheophorbide a, a harmful chlorophyll derivative. These results indicate that PLE may be a useful extraction method for the simultaneous extraction of carotenoids and chlorophylls from C. vulgaris.
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-340, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Hee Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Song Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Dae-Geun
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Dong-Un
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cheol-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000737:chemistry*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011312:Pressure; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002734:Chlorophyll; D002338:Carotenoids