title: Multi-scale modelling in computational biomedicine.
abstract: The inherent complexity of biomedical systems is well recognized; they are multi-scale, multi-science systems, bridging a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. This article reviews the currently emerging field of multi-scale modelling in computational biomedicine. Many exciting multi-scale models exist or are under development. However, an underpinning multi-scale modelling methodology seems to be missing. We propose a direction that complements the classic dynamical systems approach and introduce two distinct case studies, transmission of resistance in human immunodeficiency virus spreading and in-stent restenosis in coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Computational Science, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.m.a.sloot@uva.nl
authors.forename: Peter M A
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sloot
authors.forename: Alfons G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
mesh_terms: D019295:Computational Biology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012008:Recurrence; D015607:Stents