title: Ductoscopy in the evaluation and management of nipple discharge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nipple discharge is a relatively common complaint among patients visiting specialized outpatient clinics for disease of the breast. With advancing technology, it became possible to diagnose and manage nipple discharge using minimally invasive procedures. The aim of this study is to report our experience with ductoscopic evaluation of patients with nipple discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 2005 and February 2009, 236 patients with complaint of nipple discharge were admitted prospectively into the study. All patients were evaluated with ductoscopy. Data concerning age, ductoscopic and postsurgical diagnosis, duration, and complications with the procedure were statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For 236 patients evaluated, there were 249 ductoscopic investigations. Of these, 39 patients were found to have intraductal solitary papilloma of which 24 were excised ductoscopically. Of the 24 ductoscopically excised solitary papillomas, it was possible to remove 17 completely, but 7 papillomas could be removed partially. For 13 patients with solitary papillomas large enough or unfavorably localized so that they could not be snare-excised and for 14 patients with multiple papillomas, we offered surgical removal of the lesions by limited excision of the ducts with the help of ductoscopic localization and marking. There were 35 patients who had debris within the canalicular system, and the debris was washed out. Ductoscopy revealed atypical ductal hyperplasia in 3 patients, ductal carcinoma in situ in 6 patients, and invasive carcinoma in 3 patients; all patients underwent surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that, as the technology quickly improves, ductoscopy will become more widely accepted and applied for breast disorders, not only as a diagnostic tool but also as a privileged therapeutic option for certain pathologies.
authors.affiliation: General Surgery, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. kamalisedat@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamali
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: Mehmet T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Enis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yuney
authors.forename: Gülçin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kamali
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009558:Nipples / Q000378:metabolism*; D018300:Papilloma, Intraductal / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult