title: Acute kidney injury and outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure: evaluation of the RIFLE criteria in an acutely ill heart failure population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical course including the outcome of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) correlates with renal dysfunction, but the evaluation of renal function has not yet been standardized. We therefore investigated the relationship between the prognosis of ADHF and acute kidney injury (AKI) evaluated using the risk, injury, failure, loss, end stage (RIFLE) criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study assessed 376 consecutive patients with ADHF admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (mean age 71.6 years; 238 male). The underlying aetiology was ischaemic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy, valvular diseases, and 'other' in 124, 70, 60, 107, and 15 patients, respectively. We defined AKI according to the RIFLE criteria, and the most severe RIFLE classifications during hospitalization were adopted to assess patient outcomes. The in-hospital mortality was significantly higher among patients with AKI (29 of 275; 10.5%) than in those without AKI (1 of 101; 1.0%, P = 0.0010). Both ICU and hospital stays were longer for patients with AKI (8.8 +/- 15.4 vs. 48.6 +/- 47.6 days), than for patients without (5.0 +/- 2.8 vs. 25.7 +/- 16.8 days, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute kidney injury evaluated by the RIFLE criteria was associated with a poorer outcome for patients with ADHF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Intensive Care Unit, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Nippon Medical School, 1715 Kamagari, Inbamura, Inbagun, Chiba 270-1694, Japan. hata-n@nms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Noritake
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinada
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shirakabe
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Mitsunobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine