title: Highly diverse cyanobactins in strains of the genus Anabaena.
abstract: Cyanobactins are small, cyclic peptides recently found in cyanobacteria. They are formed through proteolytic cleavage and posttranslational modification of short precursor proteins and exhibit antitumor, cytotoxic, or multi-drug-reversing activities. Using genome project data, bioinformatics, stable isotope labeling, and mass spectrometry, we discovered novel cyclic peptides, anacyclamides, in 27 Anabaena strains. The lengths of the anacylamides varied greatly, from 7 to 20 amino acids. Pronounced sequence variation was also detected, and only one amino acid, proline, was present in all anacyclamides. The anacyclamides identified included unmodified proteinogenic or prenylated amino acids. We identified an 11-kb gene cluster in the genome of Anabaena sp. 90, and heterologous expression in Escherichia coli confirmed that this cluster was responsible for anacyclamide production. The discovery of anacyclamides greatly increases the structural diversity of cyanobactins.
authors.affiliation: Lehrbereich Mikrobielle Genetik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Niina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leikoski
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Fewer
authors.forename: Jouni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jokela
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wahlsten
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rouhiainen
authors.forename: Kaarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sivonen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017033:Anabaena / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S