title: Growth factors in ischemic stroke.
abstract: Data from pre-clinical and clinical studies provide evidence that colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and other growth factors (GFs) can improve stroke outcome by reducing stroke damage through their anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, and by promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis. This review provides a critical and up-to-date literature review on CSF use in stroke. We searched for experimental and clinical studies on haemopoietic GFs such as granulocyte CSF, erythropoietin, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, stem cell factor (SCF), vascular endothelial GF, stromal cell-derived factor-1α and SCF in ischemic stroke. We also considered studies on insulin-like growth factor-1 and neurotrophins. Despite promising results from animal models, the lack of data in human beings hampers efficacy assessments of GFs on stroke outcome. We provide a comprehensive and critical view of the present knowledge about GFs and stroke, and an overview of ongoing and future prospects.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Dino Ferrari Centre, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lanfranconi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Corti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Candelise
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Comi
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strazzer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bresolin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bersano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor