title: [Pain intensity in patients treated by the external fixation].
abstract: One of the inherent features of the external fixation is pain occurring during the whole treatment process. The aim of this paper is evaluation of the level of pain intensity during particular stages of treatment and defining the correlation between pain intensity and type and also localization of fixator, etiology, type of treatment and patient's life activity. We analyzed 64 patients treated by external fixation of the lower limb in the age between 13 to 72 (mean 23.7). The pain intensity was evaluated four times by the NRS protocol (Numeric Rating Scale) in active and passive situation. It is stated that there is a different pain pattern in time depending on the type of treatment and personal life activity. Lengthened and patients in full time education are characterized by rapid increase in pain level in the first period of treatment. Patients with stabilization of non-union or fracture and professionally inactive had lower fluctuations of pain intensity. Localization of apparatus has influence on pain intensity level- greater pain was noted in the tibial group. Etiology influences on pain intensity. Increase of pain intensity in patients with non-union is lower in comparison to patients treated for the other indications.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Ortopedii i Traumatologii Dzieciecej, Uniwersytet Medyczny, Poznaniu. wioleta.ostiak@interia.pl
authors.forename: Wioleta
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ostiak
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koczewski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D016267:External Fixators / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017288:Pain Threshold; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult