title: How do nurses assess and manage breakthrough pain in specialist palliative care inpatient units? A multicentre study.
abstract: The aim of this qualitative study was to gain a better understanding of how nurses working on inpatient specialist palliative care units assess and manage breakthrough pain. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with fifteen nurses from five different specialist palliative care units in the UK was undertaken. Themes identified have been broadly categorized into four main areas: defining breakthrough pain, assessing breakthrough pain, managing breakthrough pain, and attitudes/teamwork. Nurses had difficulty defining breakthrough pain as a distinct pain subtype and were often unable to differentiate it from poorly controlled background pain. This study highlights significant training needs and suggests that the theoretical work and recently published consensus recommendations around breakthrough pain now need to be translated into day-to-day clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: The Priscilla Bacon Centre for Specialist Palliative Care Services, Norwich, Norfolk, UK. katie.soden@norfolk-pct.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soden
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alloway
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barclay
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010166:Palliative Care; D036301:Qualitative Research; D006113:United Kingdom