title: Fixation behavior in advanced stage glaucoma assessed by the MicroPerimeter MP-1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate fixation behavior in eyes with advanced glaucoma using the MicroPerimeter MP-1.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 39 glaucoma patients who had scotomas adjacent to fixation points. Using the MP-1, we examined the stability and location of fixation with the fixation test and the microperimetry test. We examined retinal sensitivity using the central 10-2 SITA standard programs of a Humphrey Field Analyzer and the macula 10 degrees program of the MP-1 and analyzed the correlation between fixation behavior and retinal sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 39 eyes, 37 showed "stable" fixation in the fixation test, while 30 eyes showed stable fixation in the microperimetry test. In the fixation test, 32 of 39 eyes demonstrated "predominantly central" fixation, whereas in the microperimetry test only 26 eyes exhibited the same fixation. Fixation stability correlated positively with sensitivity in the central 10 degrees diameter area (r=0.414, P=0.009). Among the six eyes showing "predominantly eccentric" fixation, the preferred retinal locus of five was in the superior or superotemporal direction from the fovea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MP-1 illustrated the fixation patterns in glaucomatous eyes and the fixation patterns correlated well with retinal sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kameda
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. t-tanabe@kitano-hp.or.jp.|Department of Ophthalmology, Kitano Hospital, 2-4-20 Ohgimachi, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-8480, Japan. t-tanabe@kitano-hp.or.jp.
authors.forename: Teruyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hangai
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ojima
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Nagahisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012607:Scotoma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology