title: Core needle lung biopsy specimens: adequacy for EGFR and KRAS mutational analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare the adequacy of core needle biopsy specimens with the adequacy of specimens from resected tissue, the histologic reference standard, for mutational analysis of malignant tumors of the lung.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first 18 patients enrolled in a phase 2 study of gefitinib for lung cancer in July 2004 through August 2005 underwent CT- or fluoroscopy-guided lung biopsy before the start of gefitinib therapy. Three weeks after gefitinib therapy, the patients underwent lung tumor resection. The results of EGFR and KRAS mutational analysis of the core needle biopsy specimens were compared with those of EGFR and KRAS mutational analysis of the surgical specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two specimens were unsatisfactory for mutational analysis. The results of mutational assay results of the other 16 specimens were the same as those of analysis of the surgical specimens obtained an average of 31 days after biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biopsy with small (18- to 20-gauge) core needles can yield sufficient and reliable samples for mutational analysis. This technique is likely to become an important tool with the increasing use of pharmacotherapy based on the genetics of specific tumors in individual patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., Howard 118, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Maureen F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Zakowski
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pao
authors.forename: Raymond H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ladanyi
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kris
authors.forename: Valerie W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Rusch
authors.forename: Naiyer A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rizvi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D000077156:Gefitinib; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D011799:Quinazolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C117307:KRAS protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011799:Quinazolines; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins; D000077156:Gefitinib