title: Lack of cold pressor test-induced effect on visual-evoked potentials in migraine.
abstract: In patients with migraine, the various sensory stimulation modalities, including visual stimuli, invariably fail to elicit the normal response habituation. Whether this lack of habituation depends on abnormal activity in the sub-cortical structures responsible for processing incoming information as well as nociception and antinociception or on abnormal cortical excitability per se remains debateable. To find out whether inducing tonic pain in the hand by cold pressure test (CPT) alters the lack of visual-evoked potential (VEP) habituation in migraineurs without aura studied between attacks we recorded VEPs in 19 healthy subjects and in 12 migraine patients during four experimental conditions: baseline; no-pain (hand held in warm water, 25 degrees C); pain (hand held in cold water, 2-4 degrees C); and after-effects. We measured P100 amplitudes from six blocks of 100 sweeps, and assessed habituation from amplitude changes between the six sequential blocks. In healthy subjects, the CPT decreased block 1 VEP amplitude and abolished the normal VEP habituation (amplitude decrease to repeated stimulation) in patients with migraine studied between attacks; it left block 1 VEP amplitude and abnormal VEP habituation unchanged. These findings suggest that the interictal cortical dysfunction induced by migraine prevents the cortical changes induced by tonic painful stimulation both during pain and after pain ends. Because such cortical changes presumably reflect plasticity mechanisms in the stimulated cortex, our study suggests altered plasticity of sensory cortices in migraine. Whether this abnormality reflects abnormal functional activity in the subcortical structures subserving tonic pain activation remains conjectural.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology of Vision and Neurophthalmology, G. B. Bietti Eye Foundation, IRCCS, Via Livenza 3, Rome, Italy. gianluca.coppola@gmail.com
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Currà
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrao
authors.forename: Cherubino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorini
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Porretta
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alibardi
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pierelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D017288:Pain Threshold; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult