title: Extraction of biogenic amines using sorbent materials containing immobilized crown ethers.
abstract: Three sorbent materials (A18C6-MS, DA18C6-MS and AB18C6-MS) based on the crown ether ligands, 1-aza-18-crown-6, 1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclo octadecane and 4'-aminobenzo-18-crown-6, respectively, were prepared by the chemical immobilization of the ligand onto mesoporous silica support. The sorbents were characterized by FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, elemental analysis and nitrogen adsorption-desorption test. The applicability of the sorbents for the extraction of biogenic amines by the batch sorption method was extensively studied and evaluated as a function of pH, biogenic amines concentration, contact time and reusability. Under the optimized conditions, all the sorbents exhibited highest selectivity toward spermidine (SPD) compared to other biogenic amines (tryptamine, putrescine, histamine and tyramine). Among the sorbents, AB18C6-MS offer the highest capacity and best selectivity towards SPD in the presence of other biogenic amines. The AB18C6-MS sorbent can be repeatedly used three times as there was no significant degradation in the extraction of the biogenic amines (%E>85). The optimized procedure was successfully applied for the separation of SPD in food samples prior to the reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography separation.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mardiana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saaid
authors.forename: Bahruddin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: Ismail Ab
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Abdussalam Salhin Mohamed
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Muhammad Idiris
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Saleh
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D043844:Crown Ethers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005502:Food; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D055672:Static Electricity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001679:Biogenic Amines; D043844:Crown Ethers; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D009584:Nitrogen