title: Quantitative risk assessment of CO2 transport by pipelines--a review of uncertainties and their impacts.
abstract: A systematic assessment, based on an extensive literature review, of the impact of gaps and uncertainties on the results of quantitative risk assessments (QRAs) for CO(2) pipelines is presented. Sources of uncertainties that have been assessed are: failure rates, pipeline pressure, temperature, section length, diameter, orifice size, type and direction of release, meteorological conditions, jet diameter, vapour mass fraction in the release and the dose-effect relationship for CO(2). A sensitivity analysis with these parameters is performed using release, dispersion and impact models. The results show that the knowledge gaps and uncertainties have a large effect on the accuracy of the assessed risks of CO(2) pipelines. In this study it is found that the individual risk contour can vary between 0 and 204 m from the pipeline depending on assumptions made. In existing studies this range is found to be between <1m and 7.2 km. Mitigating the relevant risks is part of current practice, making them controllable. It is concluded that QRA for CO(2) pipelines can be improved by validation of release and dispersion models for high-pressure CO(2) releases, definition and adoption of a universal dose-effect relationship and development of a good practice guide for QRAs for CO(2) pipelines.
authors.affiliation: Group Science, Technology and Society, Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands. j.m.koornneef@uu.nl
authors.forename: Joris
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koornneef
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spruijt
authors.forename: Menso
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molag
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Turkenburg
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faaij
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D055884:Chemical Hazard Release / Q000517:prevention & control; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide