title: Usefulness of perceived level of exertion in patients with chronic low back pain attending a physical training programme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Firstly, to examine whether heart rate (HR) can be predicted based on the Borg-scale for perceived exertion in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and secondly, to assess changes in HR, Borg-scores and workload to study the relevance of a stepwise increase of workload based on the Borg-score and HR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-nine patients with CLBP and a mean disability-score (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire) of 13.8 (SD = 3.7) participated in a 10-week aerobic training programme (20 min, 3 times/week). HR, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and workload were monitored. Prior to treatment, patients completed questionnaires on pain, disability, and several psychological factors (catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and depression).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The original Borg-equation (i.e. 'HR = Borg x 10') appears accurate in predicting HR on a group-level. Pain-related and psychological factors were not significantly related to the accuracy of the Borg equation. Whereas mean workload increased significantly (from 93.8 (SD = 29.9) to 129.5 W (SD = 39.7), p < 0.001) throughout the training programme, HR increased only slightly (from 130.2 (SD = 13.5) to 139.2 (SD = 13.9) bpm; p < 0.001) and Borg-scores remained stable (from 13.2 (SD = 1.9) to 13.3 (SD = 1.8); p = 0.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The capability of the Borg-scale to accurately predict HR appears moderate. However combined with measuring HR, it results in a relevant and efficient method for training CLBP patients in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: School for Public Health and Primary Care Research (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. christophe.demoulin@ulg.ac.be
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demoulin
authors.forename: Jeanine A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Verbunt
authors.forename: Bjorn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winkens
authors.forename: J André
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Knottnerus
authors.forename: Rob J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Smeets
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome