title: A new model of the disrupted latent inhibition in C57BL/6J mice after bupropion treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Schizophrenia is characterized by disturbances in attention and information processing that can be measured by latent inhibition (LI). Research has implicated significant aberrations in dopaminergic (DA) neurotransmission in this disorder.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were as follows: to probe whether bupropion disrupts LI; to compare its efficacy to the effects of GBR12783 (specific DA uptake inhibitor) and to amphetamine (DA releaser); to test if antipsychotics would reverse LI deficits induced by bupropion, GBR12783, and amphetamine; and to probe if rolipram (phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor), which increases cyclic AMP (cAMP) similarly to antipsychotics, effectively corrects drug-induced LI deficits. Based on its efficacy in drug addiction, we also asked if bupropion could block the effect of amphetamine.
  
  
  METHODS
  LI was measured in a conditioned emotional response procedure by comparing suppression of drinking in response to a noise in C57BL/6J mice. Mice previously received 0 (nonpreexposed) or 40 noise exposures (preexposed) followed by two or four noise-foot shock pairings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bupropion abolished LI in mice, which was corrected by rolipram, but not by haloperidol and clozapine. GBR12783 and amphetamine, but not antidepressants, also disrupted LI, and this was reversed by antipsychotics and rolipram. Both bupropion and amphetamine disrupted LI via conditioning session. Paradoxically, bupropion and GBR12783 also blocked the amphetamine-induced LI deficit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Efficacy of rolipram but not antipsychotics to reverse the effects of bupropion suggests novel cAMP-dependent and D(2) receptor-independent mechanisms of the bupropion-induced LI deficit. Further detailed biochemical analysis of bupropion-induced LI deficit might be a fruitful approach in developing new antipsychotics.
authors.affiliation: Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5S2S1, Canada. lipina@lunenfeld.ca
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lipina
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roder
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016642:Bupropion / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects*; D058988:Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D020889:Rolipram / Q000494:pharmacology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D058988:Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D016642:Bupropion; C039737:1-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)-4-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)piperazine; D000661:Amphetamine; D003024:Clozapine; D006220:Haloperidol; D020889:Rolipram