title: Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and the cryopyrin inflammasome in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pre-eclampsia involves a maternal inflammatory response that differs from both normal pregnancy and normotensive intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Our objective was to examine neutrophil Toll-like receptor (TLR), cryopyrin, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) subunit and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and inflammatory cytokine profiles in women with pre-eclampsia or normotensive IUGR, as well as in normal pregnancy and non-pregnancy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was performed. We examined the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of TLR4 and TLR2, mRNA levels of cryopyrin, IL-1beta, NF-kappaB subunits p50 and p65, as well as maternal serum inflammatory cytokine profiles (IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma] and IL-10) in women with and without pre-eclampsia using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions, flow cytometry and multiplex immunoassays.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single tertiary maternity hospital in Vancouver, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with early-onset pre-eclampsia (<34 weeks of gestation, n = 25), women with late-onset pre-eclampsia (>or=34(+0) weeks of gestation, n = 25), women with normotensive IUGR (n = 25), women with normal pregnancy (n = 75) and non-pregnancy (n = 25) controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with pre-eclampsia (as a single combined group of early- and late-onset, and particularly in women with early-onset pre-eclampsia) had increased TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and protein expressions elevated cryopyrin, NF-kappaB subunit, and IL-1beta mRNA expression, and TNF-alpha:IL-10 and IL-6:IL-10 ratios compared with other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that TLRs and cryopyrin may modulate the innate immune response of the maternal syndrome of pre-eclampsia, and might also trigger the differential inflammatory response existing between early onset pre-eclampsia and normotensive IUGR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Turvey
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Magee
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Brunham
authors.forename: K-C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krajden
authors.forename: P C K
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Money
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: von Dadelszen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007378:Interleukins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; C453881:NLRP3 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4