title: Association of interleukin-18 gene polymorphisms with calcium oxalate kidney stone disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The interleukin-18 (IL-18) encoding gene has three common single-nucleotide polymorphisms at -607C/A, -137G/C and +105A/C, which have been reported to be associated with several diseases. The aim of this study is to test whether IL-18 polymorphisms could act as genetic markers for renal stone disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A control group of 104 healthy subjects, and 272 patients with recurrent calcium oxalate stones were examined. Polymerase chain reaction-based restriction endonuclease analysis was used to detect IL-18 polymorphisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient and control groups differed significantly in genotypic expression of the IL-18 +105A/C polymorphism. The prevalence of the A/C + C/C genotypes in the patients was higher than that in the controls. The allelic frequency of IL-18 +105A/C differed significantly between the patients and the controls. The odds ratio (OR) of the A/C heterozygote of IL-18 +105A/C associated with urolithiasis was 2.772. The OR of the A/C + C/C genotypes of IL-18 +105A/C associated with urolithiasis was 3.097. The OR per copy of the C allele of IL-18 +105A/C associated with urolithiasis was 4.143. There were also significant differences in the prevalence of genotype IL-18 -137G/C polymorphisms between the patients and controls. The distribution of the G/G homozygote in the patients was higher than that in the controls. There was no significant difference in genotype and allelic frequency at the IL-18 -607C/A polymorphism between patients and control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that IL-18 +105A/C polymorphisms may play a role in the development of urolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuang-Chi
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Wei-Yong
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kee-Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Man
authors.forename: Chou-Haung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Huey-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fuu-Jen
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Fun-Jou
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hsin-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tsung-Jung
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Po-Hsun
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Po-Len
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Feng-Yen
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jui-Lung
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jung-Tung
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yung-Hsiang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wen-Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000235:genetics*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D020382:Interleukin-18; D002129:Calcium Oxalate