title: Reversible ductus arteriosus constriction due to maternal indomethacin after fetal intervention for hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact/restrictive atrial septum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fetal cardiac intervention (FCI) has been performed at our center in selected fetuses with complex congenital heart disease since 2000. Most interventions are performed in fetuses with a ductus arteriosus (DA)-dependent circulation. Indomethacin promotes closure of the DA in newborns and in fetal life, a potentially life threatening complication in fetuses with ductus-dependent congenital heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed our experience with FCI with a focus on the frequency, features, and clinical course of ductal constriction. Fetuses undergoing FCI receive comprehensive pre- and postoperative cardiac and cerebral ultrasound evaluation, approximately 24 hours before and after the procedure, including imaging of DA flow and Doppler assessment of the umbilical artery and vein, ductus venosus, and, since 2004, the middle cerebral artery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 113 fetuses that underwent FCI, 24 of which were older than 28 0/7 weeks gestation, 2 were found to have DA constriction due to indomethacin therapy within 24 hours of intervention. Both of these were 30-week fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and restrictive or intact atrial septum. The DA was stenotic by spectral and color Doppler, and middle cerebral and umbilical artery pulsatility indexes were depressed. After discontinuation of indomethacin, the Doppler indices improved or normalized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Close echocardiographic monitoring of fetal Doppler flow velocities is very important after fetal intervention and indomethacin treatment, as the consequences of DA constriction in a fetus with hypoplastic left heart syndrome are potentially lethal. Sonographic evaluation should include measurement of cerebral and umbilical arterial flow velocities as well as color and spectral Doppler interrogation of the DA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Louise E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wilkins-Haug
authors.forename: Doff B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: McElhinney
authors.forename: Audrey C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Carol B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tworetzky
mesh_terms: D054087:Atrial Septum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002404:Catheterization; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D004373:Ductus Arteriosus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D046128:Fetal Therapies; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D015149:Tocolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015149:Tocolytic Agents; D007213:Indomethacin