title: Delayed presentation of anorectal malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Delayed management of anorectal malformation (ARM) increases the surgical and functional complications for the patient. We defined "delayed presentation of ARM" and reviewed our patients with ARM to find out the incidence and causes of delayed presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients satisfying the criteria of "delayed presentation of ARM" were involved. Detailed information of each patient including the mode of presentation, associated anomalies, plan of management and follow-up was obtained from the hospital records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2003 and 2006, 43 patients satisfied our criteria of "delayed presentation of ARM". There were 21 males and 22 females. Seventeen of these males presented with low-type ARM. Eleven of them were managed by a single-stage procedure. These "delayed presenters" had to live with constipation, inadequate weight gain and parental anxiety for a greater time. Analysis of the outcomes showed more functional complications in patients who had undergone failed perineal surgery previously. In females with low ARM, the procedure of choice was anterior sagittal anorectoplasty (ASARP). Single stage surgery provides good outcomes for most of low type of ARMs. High-type ARMs in males and females were managed by a staged procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  "Delayed presentation of ARM" is a major group of ARM in our setup. The management and results of their treatment are not different from those of the early presenters. The most common cause of delayed ARM is wrong advice given by the health care providers followed by inadequate treatment elsewhere. Corrective surgeries taking second attempt in perineum always produces poor outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Shandip Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Ravi P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kanojia
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wakhlu
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kureel
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Tandon