title: Predictors of mothers' postpartum body dissatisfaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate changes in mothers' body dissatisfaction from delivery to 9 months postpartum, and the relationship of postpartum body dissatisfaction to weight, other health, and social characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective longitudinal study, 506 mothers completed surveys at 0-1 and 9 months postpartum. Postpartum changes in body dissatisfaction and weight were evaluated by paired t-tests, and predictors of postpartum body dissatisfaction were identified by stepwise multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers' body dissatisfaction increased significantly from 0-1 to 9 months postpartum (mean scores of 15.2 and 18.2, respectively, p < .001). Although women lost an average of 10.1 pounds (sd = 16.3) or 4.6 kg. (sd = 7.4) between 0-1 and 9 months postpartum (p < .001), their weight at 9 months postpartum remained an average of 5.4 pounds (sd = 15.6) or 2.5 kg (sd = 7.1) above their pre-pregnancy weights (p < .001). Body dissatisfaction at 9 months postpartum was associated with overeating or poor appetite, higher current weight, worse mental health (SF-36 Mental Health scale), race other than black, bottle-feeding (vs. breastfeeding), being single (vs. married), and having fewer children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mothers' body satisfaction worsened from 1 to 9 months postpartum, and 9-month body dissatisfaction was associated with eating/appetite abnormalities, greater weight, worse mental health, non-black race, non-breastfeeding status, and fewer immediate family relationships. Given these relationships, it is important to educate women about expected postpartum weight and body changes, and to find ways to enhance mothers' postpartum self-esteem and body satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. dgjerdin@umphysicians.umn.edu
authors.forename: Dwenda
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gjerdingen
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crow
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Center
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miner
mesh_terms: D001066:Appetite; D001828:Body Image; D001835:Body Weight; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008603:Mental Health; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D010298:Parity; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D015406:Single Parent; D015431:Weight Loss