title: Leptin, visfatin, insulin resistance, and body composition change in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to compare endocrine parameters such as leptin, visfatin, insulin resistance, exercise capacity and body composition change, the pulmonary functions test (PFT) and arterial blood gases (ABG) parameters of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and in healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five patients with COPD and without malnutrition and 25 healthy controls were included in our study. The serum leptin, visfatin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and insulin resistance, body fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were measured in the groups. Additionally, body mass index (BMI) was calculated and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), PFT and ABG analyses were performed in all of the cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference in BMI between the COPD group and controls was determined. Serum leptin and visfatin levels, FFM and 6MWT distance were significantly lower in the patients with COPD (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.032, p < 0.001, respectively). A correlation was found between serum leptin levels and BMI (r = 0.333, p = 0.027), and with FM (r = 0.365, p = 0.029). Serum visfatin level was correlated with the percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second in the patients with COPD (r = 0.371, p = 0.013). HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) and serum TNF-alpha levels in the patients with COPD were found to be significantly higher than controls (p = 0.001, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results may be earlier signs for further diseases that can emerge in the advanced stages in patients with COPD. Evaluating the patients not only with the pulmonary function and also systemically, contributes to minimizing the mortality and morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Disease, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suzan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eker
authors.forename: Lokman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ayaz
authors.forename: Lulufer
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tamer
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ulubas
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000097:blood*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase