title: Enhanced expression of proproliferative and antiapoptotic genes in ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory bowel diseases including long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC) have an increased risk of evolving into colorectal cancer (CRC). The overexpression of some proproliferative and antiapoptotic genes, such as survivin, telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT), integrin-linked kinase (ILK), and regulatory factors c-MYB and Tcf-4, has been implicated in the development and progression of several human malignancies including CRC.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study we analyzed the expression alterations of these markers and proinflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) during the transition of colonic mucosa from chronic inflammation to epithelial neoplasia in biopsies of UC patients using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry; additionally, we compared the expression profiles of this gene panel in samples of patients with CRC after tumor resection and in human tumor xenografts of SW620 malignant colonic cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The transcript levels of survivin, c-MYB, COX-2, iNOS, and Tcf-4 showed a statistically significant increase during neoplastic transformation of UC patient colonic mucosa, whereas hTERT and ILK were not elevated. In contrast, the specimens of CRC showed upregulated expression of not only survivin, c-MYB, Tcf-4, COX-2, and iNOS but also hTERT. A similar expression profile was observed in human tumor xenografts in which all transcripts with the exception of c-MYB were upregulated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that telomerase and ILK activation occurs during the later stages of carcinoma progression, whereas upregulation of survivin, c-MYB, and Tcf-4 is a feature of the early stage of development of neoplasia, and thus, they might serve as early indicators for UC-associated colorectal carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Svec
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Musílková
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bryndová
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jirásek
authors.forename: Václav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mandys
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kment
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pácha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020570:Genes, myb / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077022:Survivin; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000073940:Transcription Factor 4; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000077022:Survivin; C532096:TCF4 protein, human; D000073940:Transcription Factor 4; D014157:Transcription Factors; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; C509186:TERT protein, human; D019098:Telomerase