title: Community-based strategies for recruiting older, African Americans into a behavioral intervention study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe community-based strategies that were effective in recruiting older African Americans into a behavioral intervention study designed to increase eye examination behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sites were identified that targeted older African-Americans, including senior centers, senior housing, and church groups. We conducted presentations at these sites, networked with community organizations, placed ads on the radio and in newspapers, and attended health fairs. Potential participants also called us in response to flyers and through word of mouth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We conducted 147 activities at 118 sites. A total of 688 potential participants were screened, with 330 (48%) enrolling, 33% ineligible, and 19% not interested. Highest enrollment rates were for word of mouth (69%), flyers (67%), and senior centers (66%). Barriers to participation included hesitancy of seniors to leave their apartments to attend presentations and competing health issues taking precedence over eye concerns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multifaceted recruitment approach incorporating both direct and indirect activities at a variety of sites should be used to recruit older African Americans into a behavioral intervention study. Establishing relationships in the community, both prior to initiating recruitment activities and as an ongoing process, was important to the study's success.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 419 W Redwood St, Ste 479, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. nellish@umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Ellish
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Royak-Schaler
authors.forename: Eve J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Higginbotham
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D006801:Humans