title: Patients' conceptualization of cryopreserved embryos used in their fertility treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although IVF treatments using cryopreserved embryos are offered by most infertility centres, little is known about patients' opinions regarding treatment using these embryos. The objective of this study is to describe how patients think about (treatment with) cryopreserved embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-depth interviews based on the method of interpretative phenomenological analysis were conducted with patients undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment at the Department of Reproductive Medicine of the Ghent University Hospital between May and July 2006. Seven couples (one couple considered as one participant) and 11 female patients who attended the clinic without their partner were interviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most participants knew little about medical-technical procedures involved in treatment with cryopreserved embryos. This was compensated by a high confidence in the medical team. However, seven of the eighteen participants thought the quality of cryopreserved embryos diminished during the storage period. A lack of knowledge about medical-technical procedures was compensated by metaphors related to other domains of experience, especially kitchen metaphors: this might add to the belief that frozen embryos have an expiry date. However, none of the patients who considered treatment with cryopreserved embryos as less effective ever thought of refusing this type of treatment or discussed this with medical staff. In addition, patients rarely discussed the moral status of their cryopreserved embryos.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The beliefs of infertile patients about (the effectiveness of treatment with) cryopreserved embryos encompass misconceptions, and doubts and fears which may influence their decision-making but which are seldom discussed with the medical staff.
authors.affiliation: Bioethics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Blandijnberg 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. veerle.provoost@ugent.be
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Provoost
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pennings
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Sutter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van de Velde
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dhont
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003210:Concept Formation; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000941:ethics; D003469:Culture; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques / Q000941:ethics; D019924:Embryo Disposition / Q000941:ethics / Q000523:psychology*; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000941:ethics; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000941:ethics; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000628:therapy; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000941:ethics / Q000523:psychology*