title: Associations among metabolic syndrome, ischemia, inflammatory, oxidatives, and lipids biomarkers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome (MS) is described as a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors. Studies suggest that ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases. IMA levels could be associated with cardiometabolic risks and represent a possible indication of microvascular dysfunction in MS patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To confirm this possible association, we evaluated the association between IMA levels and MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a case-control study (32 healthy individuals and 74 subjects with MS) to evaluate the association between MS, IMA, and other biomarkers [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), oxidized low-density lipoprotein autoantibodies (anti-OxLDL), IL-6, lipid profile, and glucose].
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MS group showed higher levels of IMA (0.618 +/- 0.1355) as well as higher levels of hs-CRP, OxLDL, anti-OxLDL, and IL-6 than did control subjects (IMA = 0.338 +/- 0.0486) (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that IMA and MS association was independent of sex, age, diabetes mellitus 2, and hypercholesterolemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found an association between IMA and MS. Additional studies including prospective genetic variation approaches need to be performed to help elucidate this association between IMA and MS and its potential clinical role.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Gabriela
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Valle Gottlieb
authors.forename: Ivana Beatrice Mânica
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: da Cruz
authors.forename: Marta M F
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Rafael Noal
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Moresco
authors.forename: Mário
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiehe
authors.forename: Carla Helena Augustin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Schwanke
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Bodanese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007511:Ischemia / Q000097:blood*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D012709:Serum Albumin; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D002097:C-Reactive Protein