title: Assessment of head injury of children due to golf ball impact.
abstract: Head trauma injury due to impact by a flying golf ball is one of the most severe possible injury accidents on the golf course. Numerical simulations based on the finite element method are presented to investigate head injury in children due to impact by a flying golf ball. The stress and energy flow patterns in a head model during the golf ball impact are computed for various combinations of striking speed, falling angle of the golf ball before impact, and impact location. It is found that a child is more prone to head injury due to golf ball impact on the frontal and side/temporal areas. The simulated results are found to conform to the clinical reports on children's head injuries from flying golf balls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore. mpeleehp@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Heow Pueh
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006055:Golf; D006801:Humans