title: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) bark composition and degradation by fungi: potential substrate for bioremediation.
abstract: The composition of Scots pine bark, its degradation, and the production of hydrolytic and ligninolytic enzymes were evaluated during 90 days of incubation with Phanerochaete velutina and Stropharia rugosoannulata. The aim was to evaluate if pine bark can be a suitable fungal substrate for bioremediation applications. The original pine bark contained 45% lignin, 25% cellulose, and 15% hemicellulose. Resin acids were the most predominant lipophilic extractives, followed by sitosterol and unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic and oleic acids. Both fungi degraded all main components of bark, specially cellulose (79% loss by P. velutina). During cultivation on pine bark, fungi also degraded sitosterol, produced malic acid, and oxidated unsaturated fatty acids. The most predominant enzymes produced by both fungi were cellulase and manganese peroxidase. The results indicate that Scots pine bark supports enzyme production and provides nutrients to fungi, thus pine bark may be suitable fungal substrate for bioremediation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Finland. lara.valentincarrera@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valentín
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kluczek-Turpeinen
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Willför
authors.forename: Jarl
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hemming
authors.forename: Annele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hatakka
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: Marja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuomela
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019069:Cell Respiration; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D008970:Molecular Weight; D041605:Pinus sylvestris / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D008031:Lignin