title: Willingness to volunteer in a Phase I/II HIV vaccine trial: a study among police officers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As HIV infection continues to devastate low-income countries, efforts to search for an effective HIV vaccine are crucial. Therefore, participation in HIV vaccine trials will be useful for the development of a preventive vaccine that will work and thus reduce the global HIV epidemic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to analyse the willingness to volunteer (WTV) in a Phase I/II HIV vaccine trial among police officers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included a convenience sample of 329 participants (79% males) from sensitisation workshops that were held once at each of the 32 police stations. Participants were recruited from 23 stations which were included according to availability. Data about personal characteristics, general HIV and AIDS knowledge and sexual behaviour, attitudes towards vaccines and willingness to participate in the HIV vaccine trial were obtained through an interview-administered questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 61% of the participants expressed WTV in HIV vaccine trials. WTV was significantly associated with: positive attitude towards use of effective vaccine, Odds ratio (OR), 36.48 (95% CI: 15.07-88.28); the intention to tell others about one's decision to participate in the trial, OR, 6.61 (95% CI: 3.89-11.24); Tanzania becoming a partner in developing the vaccine, OR, 4.28 (95% CI: 2.28-8.03); having an extra sexual partner, OR, 3.05 (95% CI: 1.63-5.69); perceived higher risk of getting HIV infection, OR, 2.11 (95% CI: 1.34-3.33); and high knowledge about HIV and AIDS, OR, 1.92 (95% CI: 1.22-3.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that a majority of police officers in this study were willing to participate in HIV vaccine trials. However, there is a need to provide the respondents with precise information about the purpose of a Phase I/II HIV vaccine trial and the fact that it does not protect against HIV infection, in order to avoid increasing risky behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of International Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Edith A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Tarimo
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thorson
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bakari
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mwami
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sandström
authors.forename: Asli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kulane