title: Translational systems biology and voice pathophysiology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Personalized medicine has been called upon to tailor healthcare to an individual's needs. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has advocated using randomized clinical trials with large populations to evaluate treatment effects. However, due to large variations across patients, the results are likely not to apply to an individual patient. We suggest that a complementary, systems biology approach using computational modeling may help tackle biological complexity in order to improve ultimate patient care. The purpose of the article is: 1) to review the pros and cons of EBM, and 2) to discuss the alternative systems biology method and present its utility in clinical voice research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tutorial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review and discussion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We propose that translational systems biology can address many of the limitations of EBM pertinent to voice and other health care domains, and thus complement current health research models. In particular, recent work using mathematical modeling suggests that systems biology has the ability to quantify the highly complex biologic processes underlying voice pathophysiology. Recent data support the premise that this approach can be applied specifically in the case of phonotrauma and surgically induced vocal fold trauma, and may have particular power to address personalized medicine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that evidence around vocal health and disease be expanded beyond a population-based method to consider more fully issues of complexity and systems interactions, especially in implementing personalized medicine in voice care and beyond.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole Y K
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Katherine Verdolini
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: Clark
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hebda
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vodovotz
mesh_terms: D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D057285:Precision Medicine; D049490:Systems Biology; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*