title: Evaluation of guggulipid and nimesulide on production of inflammatory mediators and GFAP expression in LPS stimulated rat astrocytoma, cell line (C6).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to investigate effect of guggulipid, a drug developed by CDRI and nimesulide on LPS stimulated neuroinflammatory changes in rat astrocytoma cell line (C6).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat astrocytoma cells (C6) were stimulated with LPS (10 microg/ml) alone and in combinations with different concentrations of guggulipid or nimesulide for 24h of incubation. Nitrite release in culture supernatant, ROS in cells, expressions of COX-2, GFAP and TNF-alpha in cell lysate were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPS (10 microg/ml) stimulated C6 cells to release nitrite, ROS generation, up regulated COX-2 and GFAP expressions at protein level and TNF-alpha at mRNA level. Both guggulipid and nimesulide significantly attenuated nitrite release, ROS generation and also down regulated expressions of COX-2, GFAP and TNF-alpha. Guggulipid and nimesulide per se did not have any significant effect on C6 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effect of guggulipid comparable to nimesulide which suggest potential use of guggulipid in neuroinflammation associated conditions in CNS disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (CSIR), India.
authors.forename: Rituraj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niranjan
authors.forename: Pradeep Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Kamat
authors.forename: Chandishwar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nath
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shukla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D029744:Commiphora; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015870:Gene Expression; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009573:Nitrites; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053149:Plant Gums; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C018562:guggulu extract; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C012655:nimesulide