title: Angiotensin I-converting enzyme mutation (Trp1197Stop) causes a dramatic increase in blood ACE.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) metabolizes many peptides and plays a key role in blood pressure regulation and vascular remodeling. Elevated ACE levels may be associated with an increased risk for different cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, including asthma. Previously, a molecular mechanism underlying a 5-fold familial increase of blood ACE was discovered: Pro1199Leu substitution enhanced the cleavage-secretion process. Carriers of this mutation were Caucasians from Europe (mostly Dutch) or had European roots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have found a family of African-American descent whose affected members' blood ACE level was increased 13-fold over normal. In affected family members, codon TGG coding for Trp1197 was substituted in one allele by TGA (stop codon). As a result, half of ACE expressed in these individuals had a length of 1196 amino acids and lacked a transmembrane anchor. This ACE mutant is not trafficked to the cell membrane and is directly secreted out of cells; this mechanism apparently accounts for the high serum ACE level seen in affected individuals. A haplotype of the mutant ACE allele was determined based on 12 polymorphisms, which may help to identify other carriers of this mutation. Some but not all carriers of this mutation demonstrated airflow obstruction, and some but not all have hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified a novel Trp1197Stop mutation that results in dramatic elevation of serum ACE. Since blood ACE elevation is often taken as a marker of disease activity (sarcoidosis and Gaucher diseases), it is important for clinicians and medical scientists to be aware of alternative genetic causes of elevated blood ACE that are not apparently linked to disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Nesterovitch
authors.forename: Kyle D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hogarth
authors.forename: Vyacheslav A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Adarichev
authors.forename: Elena I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Vinokour
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Solway
authors.forename: Sergei M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Danilov
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016466:CHO Cells; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018628:Gene Dosage / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D050505:Mutant Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A