title: Comparison of yttrium-90 radioembolization and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness and toxicity of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (chemoembolization) and yttrium-90-labeled microspheres (radioembolization) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes from patients who underwent radioembolization or chemoembolization as the only treatment for unresectable HCC from 1996 to 2006 were compared. Response was assessed with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, survival was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method, and toxicity was graded with National Cancer Institute criteria. Multivariate analysis for factors affecting survival was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-one patients were treated with either chemoembolization (n = 44, 62%) or radioembolization (n = 27, 38%). Treatment groups were similar in age, sex, Child class, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, tumor size, and vascular invasion. Progressive disease at 3 months was observed in 16 (36%) of the 44 patients treated with chemoembolization and nine (33%) of the 27 patients treated with radioembolization (P = not statistically significant). The median overall survival was similar for both groups (6 months with chemoembolization vs 6 months with radioembolization, P= .7). Grade 3 or higher toxicity was observed in 24 of the 71 patients (34%). Tumor multifocality, vascular invasion, and hepatitis C seropositivity were independently associated with worse survival, whereas method of treatment was not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this single-center study, preliminary evidence suggests that chemoembolization and radioembolization provided similar effectiveness and toxicity in patients with unresectable HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Rd, NE, 2nd Fl, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dkooby@emory.edu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kooby
authors.forename: Vasili
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Egnatashvili
authors.forename: Swetha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chamsuddin
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Delman
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kauh
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Staley
authors.forename: Hyun S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects; D019992:Databases as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes