title: Impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on health-related quality-of-l ife of specific learning disability children [corrected].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of children with newly diagnosed specific learning disability (SpLD).
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 2005 to March 2006, 150 parents (either mother or father) of children consecutively diagnosed as having SpLD were enrolled. The Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF50) was used to measure parent-reported HRQOL. CHQ-PF50 mean domain and summary scores computed for "SpLD/ADHD" and "SpLD only" children groups were compared using Independent Samples t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HRQOL of "SpLD/ADHD" children was significantly poorer in four domains: emotional impact on parents (mean difference: -11.0; 95% CI: -18.75--3.25; P = 0.006), general behavior (-9.61; 95% CI: -15.44--3.78; P = 0.002), time impact on parents (-9.51; 95% CI: -18.42--0.60; P = 0.038), and, self esteem (-7.62; 95% CI: -13.98--1.26; P = 0.020); and in overall psychosocial functioning (-5.34; 95% CI: -8.49--2.19; P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Co-occurring ADHD adversely impacts the HRQOL of children with newly diagnosed SpLD especially in domains related to their psychosocial functioning.
authors.affiliation: Learning Disability Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College & General Hospital, Mumbai, India. karandesunil@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karande
authors.forename: Kirankumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhosrekar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011584:Psychology; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014477:Underachievement