title: [Correlation between PPARgamma and VEGF-C expression in extrahepatic cholangioadenocarcinoma (EHCAC) and their prognostic significance].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARgamma) in extrahepatic cholangioadenocarcinoma (EHCAC) and to elucidate its correlation with clinicopathological factors and their significance in prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expressions of PPARgamma and VEGF-C were detected by immunohistochemistry in 69 cases of EHCAC, 12 cases of non-tumor bile duct epithelium, and their relationship to clinicopathological parameters and follow-up were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive rate of PPARgamma expression in 69 cases of EHCAC was 59.4%, significantly higher than that in 12 cases of non-tumor bile duct epithelium (0%), (P < 0.01). The positive rate of VEGF-C in 69 cases of EHCAC was 84.1%, also significantly higher than 16.7% in 12 cases of benign bile duct epithelium (P < 0.05). PPARgamma expression was associated with clinical TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. VEGF-C expression was associated with lymph node metastasis. Cox analysis results showed that portal vein and/or hepatic artery invasion, lymph node metastasis and VEGF-C expression were independent prognostic factors of EHCAC (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPARgamma expression may play an important role during tumorigenesis of extrahepatic cholangioadenocarcinoma. The expressions of PPARgamma and VEGF-C are significantly correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics and biological behavior of EHCAC. Expression of VEGF-C is an independent prognosis factors in EHCAC. The detection of PPARgamma and VEGF-C is valuable for evaluation of prognosis of EHCAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical Universary, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
authors.forename: Wen-bin
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yue-hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Heng-shu
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ai-rong
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Xiang-hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhnag
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015996:Survival Rate; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma; C467486:VEGFC protein, human; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C