title: Apexogenesis after initial root canal treatment of an immature maxillary incisor - a case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a case where a traumatized, immature tooth still showed capacity for continued root development and apexogenesis after root canal treatment was initiated based on an inaccurate pulpal diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Traumatic dental injuries may result in endodontic complications. Treatment strategies for traumatized, immature teeth should aim at preserving pulp vitality to ensure further root development and tooth maturation. A 9-year-old boy, who had suffered a concussion injury to the maxillary anterior teeth, was referred after endodontic treatment was initiated in tooth 21 one week earlier. The tooth had incomplete root length, thin dentinal walls and a wide open apex. The pulp chamber had been accessed, and the pulp canal instrumented to size 100. According to the referral, bleeding from the root made it difficult to fill the root canal with calcium hydroxide. No radiographic signs of apical breakdown were recorded. Based on radiographic and clinical findings, a conservative treatment approach was followed to allow continued root development. Follow-up with radiographic examination every 3rd month was performed for 15 months. Continued root formation with apical closure was recorded. In the cervical area, a hard tissue barrier developed, which was sealed with white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Bonded composite was used to seal the access cavity. At the final 2 years follow-up, the tooth showed further root development and was free from symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Dentistry - Endodontics, University of Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kvinnsland
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bårdsen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fristad
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D056624:Apexification / Q000379:methods*; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002648:Child; D003188:Composite Resins; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000502:physiology*; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D003809:Dentin, Secondary / Q000378:metabolism; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods; D017640:Silicates; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000254:growth & development*; D014084:Tooth Avulsion / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003188:Composite Resins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate