title: [Efficacy of biofeedback therapy in children with functional constipation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the benefits of biofeedback therapy in children with functional constipation caused by pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Anorectal manometry (PC Polygraf HR, Medtronic) was performed in children with functional constipation according to the diagnostic criteria of Rome III. Among them, 47 cases with PFD were trained with biofeedback therapy (PC Polygraf HR, Medtronic) according to the degree of cooperation. They received the treatment twice every week, and those in whom the therapy was performed at least three times were enrolled to evaluate the efficacy in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 27 cases (20 male and 7 female) in whom the procedure was performed at least three times were eligible for inclusion into this study. The mean age of them was (6.7 + or - 2.2) years (range 4 to 12 years), and the mean duration of symptoms was (3.0 + or - 2.3) years with a range of 6 months to 8 years. Among them, 16 cases received the biofeedback training more than 5 times, while 8 cases more than 7 times. The rectal maximum contraction pressure during defecation was increased significantly with the number of biofeedback training before treatment and after 3, 5, and 7 times of treatment was (36.2 + or - 10.4), (45.1 + or - 9.5), (47.6 + or - 9.1), and (47.8 + or - 8.8) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) respectively (P < 0.01). The potential of electromyography of external anal sphincter decreased progressively, but had not reached significance. Follow-up continued for 3 to 12 months by telephone, the clinical response to biofeedback treatment was evaluated as excellent (complete resolution of constipation), good (improvement of constipation), partial or poor (no improvement of constipation). The response was excellent in 13 cases (48.1%), good in 8 (29.6%), partial in 3 (11.1%), and 2 (7.5%) cases had no improvement, and 1 case was lost to follow-up, and the rate of success was 88.9% (24/27).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biofeedback therapy is a safe and effective treatment option for functional constipation due to PFD in children probably by increasing the rectal maximum contraction pressure during defecation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Mi-zu
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yan-yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xu-ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bi-you
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Ou
mesh_terms: D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003248:Constipation / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome