title: Inhibition of cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism enhances ex vivo susceptibility of Fasciola hepatica to triclabendazole.
abstract: A study has been carried out to investigate whether the action of triclabendazole (TCBZ) against Fasciola hepatica is altered by inhibition of drug metabolism. The cytochrome P450 (CYP P450) system was inhibited using piperonyl butoxide (PB). The Oberon TCBZ-resistant and Cullompton TCBZ-susceptible isolates were used for these experiments. The CYP P450 system was inhibited by a 2 h pre-incubation in PB (100 mum). Flukes were then incubated for a further 22 h in NCTC medium containing either PB; PB+nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) (1 nm); PB+NADPH+TCBZ (15 microg/ml); or PB+NADPH+TCBZ.SO (15 microg/ml). Morphological changes resulting from drug treatment and following metabolic inhibition were assessed using scanning electron microscopy. After treatment with either TCBZ or TCBZ.SO alone, there was greater disruption to the TCBZ-susceptible than the resistant isolate. However, co-incubation with PB and TCBZ/TCBZ.SO lead to more severe surface changes to the TCBZ-resistant Oberon isolate than with each drug on its own. With the TCBZ-susceptible Cullompton isolate, there was limited potentiation of drug action, and only with TCBZ.SO. The results support the concept of altered drug metabolism in TCBZ-resistant flukes and this process may play a role in the development of drug resistance.
authors.affiliation: Parasite Therapeutics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lanusse
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trudgett
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoey
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fairweather
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005210:Fasciola hepatica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005211:Fascioliasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D008109:Liver Diseases, Parasitic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide