title: Galactography: an application of the Galactogram Imaging Classification System (GICS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Galactography is the technique of choice for investigating pathological nipple discharge. However, there is no standardized interpretation system for this procedure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate radiological and histological correlation using a Galactogram Imaging Classification System (GICS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied all galactograms obtained in 62 women with pathological nipple discharge who subsequently had biopsy at our institution between 1999 and 2007. The GICS proposes five categories for galactographic findings: GICS 1: negative; GICS 2: benign; GICS 3: probably benign; GICS 4: suspect for malignancy; GICS 5: highly suspect for malignancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The galactographic findings were classified as follows: GICS 2: 25.8% (16/62); GICS 3: 30.6% (19/62); GICS 4: 25.8% (16/62); and GICS 5: 17.7% (11/62). A good correlation was observed between histological diagnosis and GICS categories (P < 0.05). All the cases diagnosed with carcinoma (n = 11) were classified in GICS category 5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows a good correlation between GICS categories and histological diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, El Palmar, Spain. jdberna@gmail.com
authors.forename: Juan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Berná-Serna
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torres-Alés
authors.forename: Juan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Berná-Mestre
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sola-Pérez
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canteras-Jordana
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001706:Biopsy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media