title: A cross-sectional study of the self-report of stress among emergency department patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a lack of information about the prevalence of stress and types of stressors experienced by Emergency Department (ED) patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present aim is to study the prevalence of stress, types of stressful situations and the relationship with other health issues within the ED population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study performed in an ED at a level-1 urban trauma center for four months. An anonymous survey was offered to adult non critically ill patients who were admitted in the ED. They were divided on the basis of gender, age and level of stress and were asked about their demographics, reasons for their ED visit and health issues including stress, tobacco, alcohol and marijuana use, weight concern and health. Chi-square for the categorical variables and unpaired t-tests for continuous variables were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We interviewed 1797 patients, over 66% reported that they felt stressed on at least a weekly basis, and over 45% indicated that they felt stressed more than twice per week. While both young and old were equally stressed, females reported significantly more stress. Family, finances and work are the most frequently cited stressors. Different age groups reported different types of stressors. Overall, those patients reporting being stressed more frequently reported more high risk behaviors including cigarette and marijuana use and health problems including being overweight, being depressed, and having sleeping problems and chronic fatigue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the high frequency of ED patients that report frequent stress and high risk behaviors, their ED visit may be an excellent opportunity to provide a referral or an intervention for stress reduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Injury Prevention Center, Rhode Island Hospital, USA.
authors.forename: Ted D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Nirenberg
authors.forename: Janette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Woolard
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Longabaugh