title: Correlation analysis of measurement result between accelerator mass spectrometry and gamma counter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The guidelines for microdosing in clinical trials were published in Japan in 2008 following the guidelines of the European Medicines Agency and the Food and Drug Administration. They recommend utilizing accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and positron emission tomography as candidates for monitoring drug metabolites in preclinical studies. We correlate the two methods by measuring appropriately labeled tissue samples from various mouse organs using both AMS and gamma counter.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, we measured the (14)C background levels in mouse organs using the AMS system. We then clarified the relationship between AMS and gamma counter by simultaneously administering (14)C-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ((14)C-FDG) and (18)F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG). Tissue distribution was examined after 30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 4 h using the AMS system for (14)C-FDG and gamma counter for (18)F-FDG. Background (14)C levels were subtracted from the data obtained with radiotracer administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The background (14)C concentration differed with tissue type measured. Background (14)C concentration in mouse liver was higher than in other organs, and was approximately 1.5-fold that in blood. The correlation coefficient (r) of the measurements between AMS ((14)C-FDG) and gamma counter ((18)F-FDG) was high in both normal (0.99 in blood, 0.91 in brain, 0.61 in liver and 0.78 in kidney) and tumor-bearing mice (0.95 in blood and 0.99 in tumor). The clearance profile of (18)F-FDG was nearly identical to that of (14)C-FDG measured with AMS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accelerator mass spectrometry analysis has an excellent correlation with biodistribution measurements using gamma counter. Our results suggest that the combination of AMS and PET can act as a complementary approach to accelerate drug development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. ryogominamimoto@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Ryogo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minamimoto
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamabe
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18