title: Clotrimazole protects the liver against normothermic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the possible antiapoptotic prosurvival role of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats using clotrimazole (CTZ), a strong PXR transactivator.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups of 6 each: sham-treated, control, and CTZ-treated animals. Control and CTZ-treated animals were subjected to 30 minutes of normothermic ischemia of the whole liver followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. The animals were then killed, and the liver was excised and blood samples collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clotrimazole induced a significant increase in expression of the CYP3A gene, indicating PXR transactivation, whereas expression of the antiapoptotic Bcl-xL gene was not increased. Serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransaminase and alanine aminotransaminase were lower in CTZ-treated animals than in control animals (difference not significant). Levels of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, a caspase-3 substrate, remained significantly higher in the CTZ-treated group compared with controls (P < .05). Clotrimazole increased the expression of phospho-p 44/42 extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1,2 (P < .05). The gene expression of the heat shock proteins 27, 70 and 90 was significantly lower in CTZ-treated animals than in controls (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clotrimazole-mediated PXR transactivation protects the liver against ischemia-reperfusion apoptosis in rats. Phospho-p 44/42 extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1,2 is activated, whereas gene expression of heat shock proteins 27, 70, and 90 is downregulated by induction of PXR.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Transplantation Hépatique, Hôpital Archet 2, 151 Rte Saint Antoine de Ginestière BP 3079, Nice Cedex 3, France. antonio_iannelli@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iannelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zucchini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peyre
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gugenheim
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rahmani
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D003022:Clotrimazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D012313:RNA; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D003022:Clotrimazole