New insights in synovial angiogenesis.
Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vessels. A number of soluble and cell-bound factors may stimulate neovascularization. The perpetuation of angiogenesis involving numerous soluble and cell surface-bound mediators has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These angiogenic mediators, among others, include growth factors, primarily vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, various chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, proteases and others. Among the several potential angiogenesis inhibitors, targeting of VEGF, HIF-1, angiopoietin and the alpha(V)beta(3) integrin, as well as some endogenous or synthetic compounds including angiostatin, endostatin, paclitaxel, fumagillin analogues, 2-methoxyestradiol and thalidomide seems to be promising for the management of synovial inflammation and angiogenesis. A complete review of antiangiogenic drugs used in animal models of arthritis or human RA is available in a table.
Szekanecz
Zoltán
Z
Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Sciences Center, 98, Nagyerdei street, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary. szekanecz.zoltan@med.unideb.hu
Besenyei
Timea
T
Paragh
György
G
Koch
Alisa E
AE
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A