title: Von Willebrand factor antigen concentration in dogs with sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen concentration, a marker of endothelial activation, is increased in human patients with multiorgan failure, sepsis, or both, and is an independent predictor of survival.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  vWF antigen concentrations are significantly higher in dogs with sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen dogs hospitalized with sepsis. Sepsis was defined as microbiologic or cytologic evidence of infection combined with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Control dogs were healthy dogs, without evidence of disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study. Dogs admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of sepsis were considered eligible for enrollment into the study. Exclusion criteria included a previous diagnosis of von Willebrand disease or a recent history of a plasma transfusion. Citrated plasma samples were collected for analysis of vWF antigen by ELISA. All samples were drawn from dogs during hospitalization. Data between populations were analyzed using nonparametric statistical analysis with a P value < .05 considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five dogs were enrolled; 14 dogs with sepsis and 11 control dogs. The median vWF antigen concentration in dogs with sepsis was 156% (range, 117-200%), which was significantly higher than healthy dogs (105%; range, 44-155%, P < .005). There was no difference between survivors and nonsurvivors with a median vWF antigen concentration of 144% (range, 136-201%) in survivors (n = 7) and 159% (range, 122-174%) in nonsurvivors (n = 7) (P = .5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  vWF is increased in dogs with sepsis, possibly reflecting endothelial activation. Further exploration of endothelial function is warranted in critically ill dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA. clr95@cornell.edu
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rozanski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D018805:Sepsis / Q000662:veterinary*; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C029417:Von Willebrand antigen; D014841:von Willebrand Factor