title: Promote pressure ulcer healing in individuals with spinal cord injury using an individualized cyclic pressure-relief protocol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether an individualized cyclic pressure-relief protocol accelerates wound healing in wheelchair users with established pressure ulcers (PrUs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spinal cord injury clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four subjects, aged 18-79 years, with a Stage II or Stage III PrU, were randomly assigned to the control (n = 22) or treatment (n = 22) groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects in the treatment group used wheelchairs equipped with an individually adjusted automated seat that provided cyclic pressure relief, and those in the control group used a standard wheelchair. All subjects sat in wheelchairs for a minimum of 4 hours per day for 30 days during their PrU treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wound characteristics were assessed using the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) tool and wound dimensions recorded with digital photographs twice a week. Median healing time for a 30% healing relative to initial measurements, the percentage reduction in wound area, and the percentage improvement in PUSH score achieved at the end of the trial were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of 30 days, both groups demonstrated a general trend of healing. However, the treatment group was found to take significantly less time to achieve 30% healing for the wound measurement compared with the control group. The percentage improvement of the wound area and PUSH scores were greater in using cyclic seating (45.0 +/- 21.0, P < .003; 29.9 +/- 24. 6, P < .003) compared with standard seating (10.2 +/- 34.9, 5.8 +/- 9.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors' findings show that cyclically relieving pressure in the area of a wound for seated individuals can greatly aid wound healing. The current study provides evidence that the individualized cyclic pressure-relief protocol helps promote pressure wound healing in a clinical setting. The authors concluded that the individualized cyclic pressure relief may have substantial benefits in accelerating the healing process in wheelchair users with existing PrUs, while maintaining the mobility of individuals with SCI during the PrU treatment.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makhsous
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Knaus
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeigler
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rowles
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gittler
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bankard
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000150:complications; D010507:Periodicity; D011312:Pressure; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000150:complications; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D014910:Wheelchairs / Q000145:classification*; D014945:Wound Healing; D055815:Young Adult