title: Head and neck sequelae of torture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To increase awareness of torture among otolaryngologists, and to describe methods and complications of head and neck torture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five cases of survivors of torture were evaluated in an otolaryngology practice in an urban hospital setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subjects presented with widely variable symptoms and physical manifestations related to the head and neck as a result of torture, in addition to psychiatric disease. Documentation of head and neck findings were essential to the asylum claim.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Otolaryngologists serving immigrant and refugee populations must be familiar with methods and manifestations of torture involving the head and neck.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. scrosby@bu.edu
authors.forename: Sondra S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.forename: Shaulnie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Loreto
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Spiegel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D014104:Torture