title: Production of Fumonisin B2 and B4 by Aspergillus niger on grapes and raisins.
abstract: The recent discovery of fumonisin production in Aspergillus niger, raises concerns about the presence of these mycotoxins in grapes and raisins as well as other commodities where A. niger is a frequent contaminant. Here we investigate the potential production of fumonisins in A. niger cultured on grapes and raisins. Sixty-six A. niger, 4 A. tubingensis, and 16 A. acidus strains isolated from raisins were tested for fumonisin production on laboratory media. Neither A. tubingensis nor A. acidus strains produced fumonisins, but 77% of A. niger strains did. None of the strains produced ochratoxin A. Ten selected fumonisin producing A. niger strains were further able to produce fumonisin B(2) and fumonisin B(4) on grapes in the range 171-7841 microg fumonisin B(2)/kg and 14-1157 microg fumonisin B(4)/kg. Four selected strains were able to produce fumonisin B(2) (5-6476 microg/kg) and fumonisin B(4) (12-672 microg/kg) on raisins.
authors.affiliation: Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Soltofts Plads 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark. jemo@bio.dtu.dk
authors.forename: Jesper M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mogensen
authors.forename: Jens C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Frisvad
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Thrane
authors.forename: Kristian F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D037341:Fumonisins; D009183:Mycotoxins; C056934:fumonisin B2; C076287:fumonisin B4