title: Physiological responses and perceived exertion during international Taekwondo competition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the physiological responses and perceived exertion during international Taekwondo competition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight male Taekwondo black belts (mean +/- SD, age 22 +/- 4 y, body mass 69.4 +/- 13.4 kg, height 1.82 +/- 0.10 m, competition experience 9 +/- 5 y) took part in an international-level Taekwondo competition. Each combat included three 2-min rounds with 30 s of recovery between each round. Heart rate (HR) was recorded at 5-s intervals during each combat. Capillary blood lactate samples were taken from the fingertip 1 min before competition, directly after each round and 1 min after competition. Competitors' rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded for each round using Borg's 6-to-20 scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HR (round 1: 175 +/- 15 to round 3: 187 +/- 8 beats x min(-1); P < .05), percentage of HR maximum (round 1: 89 +/- 8 to round 3: 96 +/- 5% HRmax; P < .05), blood lactate (round 1: 7.5 +/- 1.6 to round 3: 11.9 +/- 2.1 mmol x L(-1); P < .05) and RPE (round 1: 11 +/- 2 to round 3: 14 +/- 2; P < .05; mean +/- SD) increased significantly across rounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  International-level Taekwondo competition elicited near-maximal cardiovascular responses, high blood lactate concentrations, and increases in competitors' RPE across combat. Training should therefore include exercise bouts that sufficiently stimulate both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Sport and Exercise Research Group, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK.
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bridge
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drust
mesh_terms: D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid