title: Distinct subcellular localization of a group of synaptobrevin-like SNAREs in Paramecium tetraurelia and effects of silencing SNARE-specific chaperone NSF.
abstract: We have identified new synaptobrevin-like SNAREs and localized the corresponding gene products with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion constructs and specific antibodies at the light and electron microscope (EM) levels. These SNAREs, named Paramecium tetraurelia synaptobrevins 8 to 12 (PtSyb8 to PtSyb12), showed mostly very restricted, specific localization, as they were found predominantly on structures involved in endo- or phagocytosis. In summary, we found PtSyb8 and PtSyb9 associated with the nascent food vacuole, PtSyb10 near the cell surface, at the cytostome, and in close association with ciliary basal bodies, and PtSyb11 on early endosomes and on one side of the cytostome, while PtSyb12 was found in the cytosol. PtSyb4 and PtSyb5 (identified previously) were localized on small vesicles, PtSyb5 probably being engaged in trichocyst (dense core secretory vesicle) processing. PtSyb4 and PtSyb5 are related to each other and are the furthest deviating of all SNAREs identified so far. Because they show no similarity with any other R-SNAREs outside ciliates, they may represent a ciliate-specific adaptation. PtSyb10 forms small domains near ciliary bases, and silencing slows down cell rotation during depolarization-induced ciliary reversal. NSF silencing supports a function of cell surface SNAREs by revealing vesicles along the cell membrane at sites normally devoid of vesicles. The distinct distributions of these SNAREs emphasize the considerable differentiation of membrane trafficking, particularly along the endo-/phagocytic pathway, in this protozoan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, P.O. Box 5560, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schilde
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schönemann
authors.forename: Ivonne M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Sehring
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Plattner
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D022162:Cytoplasmic Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016805:Paramecium tetraurelia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D050600:SNARE Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052067:Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins; D050600:SNARE Proteins; D052067:Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins