title: Intestinal tube formation in Caenorhabditis elegans requires vang-1 and egl-15 signaling.
abstract: Understanding how epithelial organs form during morphogenesis is a major problem in developmental biology. In the present paper, we provide a detailed analysis of vang-1, the only homolog of the planar cell polarity protein Strabismus/Van Gogh in Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate that during organogenesis of the intestine, (i) VANG-1 specifically interacts with PDZ 2 domain of DLG-1 (Discs large) and becomes phosphorylated by the kinase domain of the FGF-like receptor tyrosine kinase EGL-15; (ii) VANG-1 is predominantly restrained to the cell cortex but relocates to the apical junction; and (iii) in vang-1 embryos epithelial cells of the intestine are not correctly arranged along the anterior-posterior axis. To investigate what determines the disposition of the VANG-1 protein, either truncated protein forms were expressed in the intestine or RNAi was used to remove the functions of gene products previously shown to be involved in apical junction formation. Removal of the VANG-1 PDZ binding motif "-ESAV" and depletion of dlg-1 or let-413 gene functions interferes with the localization of VANG-1. In addition, egl-15 embryos show a premature relocation of VANG-1 to the apical junction, causing defects that resemble those observed in mutant vang-1 embryos and after intestine-specific overexpression of full-length vang-1. Finally, the localization of VANG-1 depends on DSH-2, a homolog of the planar cell polarity protein Dishevelled and depletion phenocopies vang-1 and egl-15 phenotypes in the embryonic intestine.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Segbert
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Helbig
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bossinger
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000235:genetics; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000196:embryology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; C112493:EGL-15 protein, C elegans; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; C549532:Vang-1 protein, C elegans; C505142:dsh-2 protein, C elegans