title: [Visual diagnosis: Waardenburg syndrome].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare disease characterized by a sensorineural hearing loss and pigment anomalies of the iris, skin and hair due to mutations in PAX3. WS can be subdivided into four groups according to major and minor clinical signs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the case of a 2 1/2-year-old coloured patient who presented in our department of paediatric ophthalmology for a syndrome search. The patient presented with hearing loss, brilliant blue iris colour and dystopia canthorum. The patient was slightly hypermetropic. Visual acuity was within normal limits according to the Cardiff acuity test. The ocular fundus examination revealed no abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the major and minor criteria defined by the Waardenburg consortium our patient showed the major criteria of WS1, i.e. hearing loss, hypopigmentation of the pigment epithelium of the iris and dystopic canthi. Diagnosis of WS is usually based on the clinical presentation. An additional molecular genetic analysis is possible.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Strasse, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany. tobias.hager@uniklinikum-saarland.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.forename: H-S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Käsmann-Kellner
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D014849:Waardenburg Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*