title: Higher susceptibility to halothane modulation in open- than in closed-channel alpha4beta2 nAChR revealed by molecular dynamics simulations.
abstract: The neuronal alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a potential molecular target for general anesthetics. It is unclear, however, whether anesthetic action produces the same effect on the open and closed channels. Computations parallel to our previous open channel study (J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 12581) were performed on the closed-channel alpha4beta2 nAChR to investigate the conformation-dependent anesthetic effects on channel structures and dynamics. Flexible ligand docking and over 20 ns molecular dynamics simulations revealed similar halothane-binding sites in the closed and open channels. The sites with relatively high binding affinities (approximately -6.0 kcal/mol) were identified at the interface of extracellular (EC) and transmembrane (TM) domains or at the interface between alpha4 and beta2 subunits. Despite similar sites for halothane binding, the closed-channel conformation showed much less sensitivity than the open channel to the structural and dynamical perturbations from halothane. Compared to the systems without anesthetics, the amount of water inside the pore decreased by 22% in the presence of halothane in the open channel but only by 6% in the closed channel. Comparison of the nonbonded interactions at the EC/TM interfaces suggested that the beta2 subunits were more prone than the alpha4 subunits to halothane binding. In addition, our data support the notion that halothane exerts its effect by disturbing the quaternary structure and dynamics of the channel. The study concludes that sensitivity and global dynamics responsiveness of alpha4beta2 nAChR to halothane are conformation dependent. The effect of halothane on the global dynamics of the open-channel conformation might also account for the action of other inhaled general anesthetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Lu Tian
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Esmael J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Haddadian
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Willenbring
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D006221:Halothane / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D006221:Halothane