title: Antidepressant use and risk of incident cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antidepressants are commonly prescribed medications, but their effect on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study of 136 293 community-dwelling postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Women taking no antidepressants at study entry and who had at least 1 follow-up visit were included. Cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality for women with new antidepressant use at follow-up (n = 5496) were compared with those characteristics for women taking no antidepressants at follow-up (mean follow-up, 5.9 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antidepressant use was not associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use was associated with increased stroke risk (hazard ratio [HR],1.45, [95% CI, 1.08-1.97]) and all-cause mortality (HR,1.32 [95% CI, 1.10-1.59]). Annualized rates per 1000 person-years of stroke with no antidepressant use and SSRI use were 2.99 and 4.16, respectively, and death rates were 7.79 and 12.77. Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) use was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR,1.67 [95% CI, 1.33-2.09]; annualized rate, 14.14 deaths per 1000 person-years). There were no significant differences between SSRI and TCA use in risk of any outcomes. In analyses by stroke type, SSRI use was associated with incident hemorrhagic stroke (HR, 2.12 [95% CI, 1.10-4.07]) and fatal stroke (HR, 2.10 [95% CI, 1.15-3.81]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In postmenopausal women, there were no significant differences between SSRI and TCA use in risk of CHD, stroke, or mortality. Antidepressants were not associated with risk of CHD. Tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs may be associated with increased risk of mortality, and SSRIs with increased risk of hemorrhagic and fatal stroke, although absolute event risks are low. These findings must be weighed against quality of life and established risks of cardiovascular disease and mortality associated with untreated depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA. jsmoller@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Jordan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smoller
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: Barbara B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: J David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Curb
authors.forename: Roy H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Perlis
authors.forename: Jennifer G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Milagros C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rosal
authors.forename: Nanette K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wassertheil-Smoller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents