title: Antifungal curcumin induces reactive oxygen species and triggers an early apoptosis but prevents hyphae development by targeting the global repressor TUP1 in Candida albicans.
abstract: In the present study, we have investigated the antifungal effects of a natural polyphenol, CUR (curcumin), against albicans and non-albicans species of Candida and have shown its ability to inhibit the growth of all the tested strains. The inhibitory effects of CUR were independent of the status of the multidrug efflux pump proteins belonging to either ABC transporter (ATP-binding cassette transporter) or MFS (major facilitator) superfamilies of transporters. By using a systemic murine model of infection, we established that CUR and piperine, when administered together, caused a significant fungal load reduction (1.4log10) in kidneys of Swiss mice. Additionally, CUR raised the levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species), which, as revealed by annexin V-FITC labelling, triggered early apoptosis in Candida cells. Coincident with the raised ROS levels, mRNAs of tested oxidative stress-related genes [CAP1 (Candida albicans AP-1), CaIPF7817 (putative NADH-dependent flavin oxidoreductase), SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2), GRP2 (NADPH-dependent methyl glyoxal reductase) and CAT1 (catalase 1)] were also elevated. The growth inhibitory effects of CUR could be reversed by the addition of natural and synthetic antioxidants. Notably, independent of ROS status, polyphenol CUR prevented hyphae development in both liquid and solid hypha-inducing media by targeting the global suppressor TUP1 (thymidine uptake 1). Taken together, our results provide the first evidence that CUR acts as an antifungal agent, via generation of oxidative stress, and inhibits hyphae development by targeting TUP1.
authors.affiliation: Membrane Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India. rp47jnu@gmail.com
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Raman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manoharlal
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Puri
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D025301:Hyphae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D003474:Curcumin