title: Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and perfluorooctanesulfonate in bivalve shells: extraction method optimization.
abstract: Different extraction methods, including extraction by organic solvents with and without acetic acid digestion, and mixed inorganic acid digestion coupled with solid phase extraction (SPE), were developed for the analysis of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in bivalve shells. The extracts were separated, identified and quantified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The method utilizing mixed acid digestion coupled with SPE performed more efficiently than other extraction methods. Matrix recoveries of the optimized methods ranged from 92% to 104%, with limits of detection of 0.05-0.43ng/g. The optimized method was successfully applied to the analysis of PFCAs and PFOS in shell samples of two bivalves from Bohai Bay, China. PFCAs and PFOS concentrations in the shells ranged from 0.3 ng/g to 4.1 ng/g, 1-50 times lower than those in the soft tissues of bivalves for most target analytes. No relationship between PFCAs and PFOS in shells and in soft tissues was found; this is explained by the different contaminant uptake mechanism of shells and soft tissues.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Nankai University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Lurong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Wenling
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shujuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D012997:Solvents; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D012997:Solvents; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid