title: Can workers with chronic back pain shift from pain elimination to function restore at work? Qualitative evaluation of an innovative work related multidisciplinary programme.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Workers with chronic low back pain (LBP) mean a heavy human and social-economic burden. Their medical histories often include different treatments without attention to work-relatedness or communication with occupational health providers, leaving them passive and medicalized in (outpatient) health care. So we developed and implemented an innovative, patient-activating alternative: the multidisciplinary outpatient care (MOC) programme, including work(place) intervention and graded activity. It aims at function restore (instead of pain elimination), return to work (RTW) and coordinated communication.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To qualitatively explore how patients and health care providers perceive the programme effectiveness and which factors influence its implementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-depth, semi structured interview with patients and focus groups of health care providers are used, all recorded, transformed into verbatim transcript and analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This qualitative study shows that although patients' expectations were low at the start of the program, and despite long LBP histories, including many different therapies, (primarily) directed at pain reduction, the MOC programme was successful in changing patients' goal setting from pain oriented towards function restore and RTW. The programme was therefore perceived as applicable and effective. Patient compliance was influenced by barriers - despair, supervisory and subordinate resistance at work, waiting period, medicalisation in health care - and facilitators: disciplinary motivation, protocolled communication, information supply, tailor-made exercises. For some patients the barriers were too high. Several improvement suggestions were given.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This qualitative study shows that generally, patients and professionals perceived the multidisciplinary outpatient care programme as applicable and effective. After incorporating improvement suggestions this program seems promising for further, broader application and hypothesis testing. For those, negatively evaluating the programme, alternatives should be explored.
authors.affiliation: peter.buijs@tno.nlTNO Work&Employment, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. peter.buijs@tno.nl
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Buijs
authors.forename: Ludeke C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lambeek
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Koppenrade
authors.forename: Wendela E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hooftman
authors.forename: Johannes R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Anema
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D001294:Attitude to Health; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009786:Occupational Health Services; D018710:Pain Clinics; D010349:Patient Compliance; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020377:Self Efficacy; D018582:Sick Leave; D012803:Sick Role