title: Strategies for differentiating infection in vaccinated animals (DIVA) for foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever and avian influenza.
abstract: The prophylactic use of vaccines against exotic viral infections in production animals is undertaken exclusively in regions where the disease concerned is endemic. In such areas, the infection pressure is very high and so, to assure optimal protection, the most efficient vaccines are used. However, in areas considered to be free from these diseases and in which there is the possibility of only limited outbreaks, the use of Differentiation of Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) or marker vaccines allows for vaccination while still retaining the possibility of serological surveillance for the presence of infection. This literature review describes the current knowledge on the use of DIVA diagnostic strategies for three important transboundary animal diseases: foot-and-mouth disease in cloven-hoofed animals, classical swine fever in pigs and avian influenza in poultry.
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lindholm, DK-4771 Kalvehave, Denmark. asut@vet.dtu.dk
authors.forename: Ase
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uttenthal
authors.forename: Satya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parida
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Paton
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Dundon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D006691:Classical Swine Fever / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011200:Poultry; D013552:Swine; D022581:Vaccines, Marker / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D022581:Vaccines, Marker; D014765:Viral Vaccines