title: Diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous group A streptococcal peritonitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary group A streptococcal peritonitis (PSAP) is a rare, fulminant and often fatal infection. The clinical manifestations include diffuse peritoneal signs with toxic shock syndrome and sometimes fasciitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with PSAP diagnosed between December 2002 and December 2006 were studied retrospectively, focusing on the initial presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients were identified (five women and one man). The clinical presentation was heterogeneous. All six patients had diffuse peritonitis, four had toxic shock syndrome on hospital admission and two patients also had fasciitis. All patients were treated surgically, and the final diagnosis was confirmed after operation. There were no deaths, but two patients had aesthetic sequelae owing to necrotizing fasciitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSAP is a rare condition, often requiring aggressive surgical treatment. Group A streptococcal peritonitis should be suspected in patients with no radiological evidence of a peritoneal portal of entry and no history of ascites.
authors.affiliation: Université Lyon 1, Faculté Laennec, and Emergency and Trauma Surgical Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. olivier.monneuse@chu-lyon.fr
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Monneuse
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tissot
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gruner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Michaillard Kaempf
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Allaouchiche
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Etienne
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Barth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents