title: Histamine in pericarditis of children with congenital heart malformations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital heart malformations are risk factors that make children susceptible to infections resulting in inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentration of histamine as a modulator of inflammation was quantified in pericardial fluid and expression of histamine H(4) receptor (H(4)R) and histamine-releasing factor (HRF) was determined at mRNA and protein levels. Samples of pericardium and pericardial fluid were obtained during cardiac reconstruction surgery in children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In children with pericarditis, increased levels of histamine were found and expression of H(4)R was localized on mast cells. Expression of HRF was independent of presence or absence of inflammation in pericardium and was localized within stationary epithelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that involvement of H4R in pericardial inflammation depends on penetration of mast cells into inflamed tissue, but HRF may not be directly involved in inflammatory reaction of the pericardium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. maslinskad@cmdik.pan.pl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maslińska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laure-Kamionowska
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rzodkiewicz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lukasik-Wojtecka
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szukiewicz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karolczak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masliński
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006632:Histamine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000378:metabolism; D010493:Pericarditis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010496:Pericardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011968:Receptors, Histamine / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000074040:Receptors, Histamine H4; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000090324:Tumor Protein, Translationally-Controlled 1
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C418607:HRH4 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D011968:Receptors, Histamine; D000074040:Receptors, Histamine H4; D000090324:Tumor Protein, Translationally-Controlled 1; D006632:Histamine