title: The value of intraoperative frozen section examination of sentinel lymph nodes in surgical management of breast carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In breast cancer staging, the need for intraoperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) evaluation has still not been adequately established. This study investigates the impact of intraoperative frozen section (FS) evaluation of SLN to avoid subsequent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with positive SLN.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 364 breast cancer patients undergoing SLN biopsy with intraoperative FS evaluation of SLN was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity and accuracy of FS examination of SLN were 76.4% and 94.2%, respectively. The sensitivity was significantly higher in larger tumors (p < 0.01). No significant correlation was found between FS and histologic type. A second intervention was avoided in 83.9% of the patients with positive SLN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative FS examination of the SLN is a useful predictor of axillary lymph node status in breast cancer patients. The majority of SLN-positive patients allows for immediate ALND in a one-stage surgical procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Division of General and Oncological Surgery, University of Palermo, AOUP Paolo Giaccone, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy. calogerocipolla@virgilio.it
authors.forename: Calogero
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cipolla
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cabibi
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fricano
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vieni
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: Mario Adelfio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Latteri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla / Q000473:pathology; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy