title: A new link between steroid resistance, glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor kappa B p65 in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to investigate levels of glucocorticoid receptor (GRalpha), nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) p65/p50 and inhibitor of NFkappaB alpha (IkappaBalpha) in the peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PMBC) of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of GRalpha, NFkappaBp65/p50 and IkappaBalpha was determined in 59 patients (age 10.2+/-5.1) and 25 healthy controls (CO) (age 13.1+/-3.4) using Western blot analysis. Patients were labeled according to their clinical sensitivity to glucocorticoids (GCs) as responders (RE), partial responders (PR), and non-responders (NR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly higher expressions of GRalpha were observed in RE than in PR, NR (p<0.01) and even CO (p<0.05). Similarly, expression of NFkappaBp65 was higher in RE in comparison to PR, NR and CO (p<0.05). These differences were more emphasized in the relapse: levels of GRalpha were significantly lower in PR than in RE and CO (p<0.01). Significant differences were also observed in expression of NFkappaB: RE showed significantly higher expression of NFkappaBp65 in comparison to PR, NR and even CO (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower levels of both GRalpha and NFkappaBp65 are associated with poor or no response to GCs and the difference is more pronounced in patients experiencing relapse of INS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Safarik University School of Medicine, Kosice, Slovakia. katarina.szilagyi@gmail.com
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szilagyi
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Podracka
authors.forename: Niels E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mojzis
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mirossay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; C411470:glucocorticoid receptor alpha; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha