title: Cost effectiveness of varenicline versus bupropion and unaided cessation for smoking cessation in a cohort of Finnish adult smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the cost effectiveness of varenicline compared with bupropion or unaided cessation for smoking cessation in Finnish adult smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The BENESCO (BENEfits of Smoking Cessation on Outcomes) Markov model was used to follow a hypothetical cohort of smokers making a single quit attempt over a lifetime. Gender and age-specific data on the incidence and prevalence of five smoking-related diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], lung cancer, coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke and asthma exacerbations) were included in the model. Life-years (LYs), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), total treatment costs and the lifetime cumulative incidence of these parameters were the primary outcomes evaluated, and they were compared for varenicline versus bupropion and varenicline versus unaided cessation. The primary data were derived from Finnish publications and databases. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the base-case model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment cohort comprised 229 301 smokers making a quit attempt. In the lifetime simulation, use of varenicline prevented 1965 and 5057 additional cases of smoking-related disease, and 1184 and 3047 deaths attributable to smoking, when compared with bupropion and unaided cessation, respectively. Compared with bupropion and unaided cessation varenicline treatment yielded 4392 and 11 303 additional LYs (4851 and 12 485 QALYs), respectively. Varenicline resulted in cost savings of 15 million and 43 million euros (euro) compared with bupropion and unaided cessation, respectively. In the 20-year time horizon analysis, varenicline yielded an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of euro8791/QALY and euro7791/QALY gained in comparison to bupropion and unaided cessation, respectively. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the base-case results for varenicline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Varenicline dominated over its comparators, i.e. it was more effective and resulted in cost saving compared with bupropion and unaided cessation.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Oy, Helsinki, Finland. kari.linden@pfizer.com
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jormanainen
authors.forename: Miika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linna
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sintonen
authors.forename: Koo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Teija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotomäki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D016642:Bupropion / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D016208:Databases, Factual; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000191:economics*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000068580:Varenicline
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011810:Quinoxalines; D016642:Bupropion; D000068580:Varenicline