title: Clinical investigation of periodontal ligament distraction osteogenesis for rapid orthodontic canine retraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate rapid canine distalisation by periodontal ligament distraction and to determine the effects of periodontal ligament distraction on the canine root and pulpal vitality.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 16 upper canines in eight patients who required first premolar extractions. The upper first premolars were extracted and the interseptal bone distal to each canine was thinned and undermined surgically. Custom-built distractors were placed and activated immediately to distract the canines into the extraction spaces. Radiographs were taken before canine distraction and at regular intervals thereafter. The upper canine pulps were tested with an electronic pulp tester before and after the distraction and the canines were examined on the post-distraction radiographs for evidence of apical and lateral root resorption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The canines were retracted to proximal contact with the second premolars in 20.33 +/- 1.87 days. The average amount of retraction was 5.25 mm and the canines tipped distally 15.33 degrees. Although the upper molars did not move mesially, they extruded almost 1 mm. Root resorption was minimal and there was no deterioration in pulp vitality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Canines can be rapidly retracted by periodontal ligament distraction without complications. However, the efficacy of the method depends upon the surgical procedure, which is technique sensitive. Resistance offered by the interseptal bone distal to the apex of the canine was thought to be the reason for the canine tipping during distraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, India. priyankakumar@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Priyanka Sethi
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Ruchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Kanhoba Mahabaleshwar
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Keluskar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagaraj
authors.forename: Sharadindu M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kotrashetti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000601:surgery; D003481:Cuspid; D003791:Dental Pulp Test; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult