title: The dynamic architecture of the metabolic switch in Streptomyces coelicolor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the lifetime of a fermenter culture, the soil bacterium S. coelicolor undergoes a major metabolic switch from exponential growth to antibiotic production. We have studied gene expression patterns during this switch, using a specifically designed Affymetrix genechip and a high-resolution time-series of fermenter-grown samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surprisingly, we find that the metabolic switch actually consists of multiple finely orchestrated switching events. Strongly coherent clusters of genes show drastic changes in gene expression already many hours before the classically defined transition phase where the switch from primary to secondary metabolism was expected. The main switch in gene expression takes only 2 hours, and changes in antibiotic biosynthesis genes are delayed relative to the metabolic rearrangements. Furthermore, global variation in morphogenesis genes indicates an involvement of cell differentiation pathways in the decision phase leading up to the commitment to antibiotic biosynthesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides the first detailed insights into the complex sequence of early regulatory events during and preceding the major metabolic switch in S. coelicolor, which will form the starting point for future attempts at engineering antibiotic production in a biotechnological setting.
authors.affiliation: Center for Bioinformatics Tübingen, Department of Information and Cognitive Sciences, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany. nieselt@informatik.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nieselt
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Battke
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herbig
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bruheim
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wentzel
authors.forename: Øyvind M
authors.initials: ØM
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
authors.forename: Håvard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sletta
authors.forename: Mohammad T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Merlo
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Walid A M
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Omara
authors.forename: Edward R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Morrissey
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Juarez-Hermosillo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-García
authors.forename: Merle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nentwich
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Mudassar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Roxane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Legaie
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Gaze
authors.forename: Gregory L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Challis
authors.forename: Ritsert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Lubbert
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dijkhuizen
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rand
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonin
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reuther
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wohlleben
authors.forename: Margaret C M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Nigel J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Burroughs
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Breitling
authors.forename: Trond E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Ellingsen
authors.forename: Elizabeth M H
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wellington
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005810:Multigene Family; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D048372:Streptomyces coelicolor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012329:RNA, Bacterial