title: Ceramic microsystem incorporating a microreactor with immobilized biocatalyst for enzymatic spectrophotometric assays.
abstract: Low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) technology is a versatile fabrication technique used to construct microflow systems. It permits the integration of several unitary operations (pretreatment, separation, (bio)chemical reaction, and detection stage) of an analytical process in a modular or monolithic way. Moreover, because of its compatibility with biological material, LTCC is adequate for analytical applications based on enzymatic reactions. Here we present the design, construction, and evaluation of a LTCC microfluidic system that integrates a microreactor (internal volume, 24.28 microL) with an immobilized beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli (0.479 activity units) and an optical flow cell to measure the product of the enzymatic reaction. The enzyme was immobilized on a glyoxal-agarose support, maintaining its activity along the time of the study. As a proof of concept, the LTCC-beta-galactosidase system was tested by measuring the conversion of ortho-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside, the substrate usually employed for activity determinations. Once packed in a monolithically integrated microcolumn, the miniaturized flow system was characterized, the operational conditions optimized (flow rate and injection volume), and its performance successfully evaluated by determining the beta-galactosidase substrate concentration at the millimolar level.
authors.affiliation: Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Edifici C-Nord, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain. mariadelmar.baeza@uab.cat
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baeza
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Julián
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Santín
authors.forename: Gregorio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alvaro
mesh_terms: D055162:Biocatalysis; D019149:Bioreactors; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008904:Miniaturization; D009598:Nitrophenylgalactosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; C055012:2-nitrophenylgalactoside; D009598:Nitrophenylgalactosides; D001616:beta-Galactosidase