title: Manure nutrient excretion by Jersey and Holstein cows.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate feces, urine, and N excretion by Jersey and Holstein cows. Sixteen multiparous cows (n=8 per breed) were fed 2 experimental rations at calving in a switchback experimental design. Diets were 50% forage and based on corn meal (control) or whole cottonseed. Half the cows in each breed started on the control diet and half started on the whole cottonseed diet. Cows were switched to the other diet at 60 d in milk and switched back to their original diet at 165 d in milk. Pairs of cows were moved into open-circuit respiration chambers on d 49, 154, and 271 of lactation for 7-d measurement periods. While in the chambers, total collection of feed refusals, milk, recovered hair, feces, and urine was conducted. No effect of the interaction of diet and breed was observed for measures of nutrient digestibility and manure excretion. Total daily manure excretion was lower in Jersey cows than in Holstein cows, with reductions generally proportional to changes in feed intake. Jersey cows consumed 29% less feed and excreted 33% less wet feces and 28% less urine than Holstein cows. Intake, fecal, and urinary N were reduced by 29, 33, and 24%, respectively, in Jersey cows compared with Holstein cows. Equations from American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers underpredicted observed values for all manure measures evaluated (urine, manure solids, N, wet manure), and breed bias was observed in equations predicting excretion of urine, N, and wet manure. Although these equations include animal and dietary factors, intercepts of regression of observed values on predicted values differed between Holsteins and Jerseys for those 3 measures. No breed bias was observed in the prediction of manure solids excretion, however, making that equation equally appropriate for Jerseys and Holsteins. The effect of breed on manure and nutrient excretion has significant nutrient management implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, USA. knowlton@vt.edu
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Knowlton
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Wilkerson
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Casper
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Mertens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D009584:Nitrogen