title: Active principle of kimchi, 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid, retards fatty streak formation at aortic sinus of apolipoprotein E knockout mice.
abstract: We examined the beneficial effects of an active principle in kimchi, 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HDMPPA), on atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE KO) mice. ApoE KO mice were fed an atherogenic diet containing 1% cholesterol (control group) with an intraperitoneal injection of chemically synthesized HDMPPA (10 mg/kg/day) (HDMPPA group) for 8 weeks. The aortic sinus atherosclerotic lesion size in the HDMPPA group (n = 10) was significantly smaller (control vs. HDMPPA, 280,790 vs. 165,409 microm(2), P < .001). The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the HDMPPA group was lower by 14%, compared with the control group (P < .05). Aortic NADPH oxidase activity was significantly lower in the HDMPPA group than in the control group. HDMPPA suppressed the mRNA expression of p47phox and rac-1 of NADPH oxidase by 27.2% and 46.0%, respectively, compared with values of the control group. In conclusion, HDMPPA in kimchi may attenuate atherosclerosis in apoE KO mice through retardation of ROS generation via down-regulating the mRNA expression of p47phox and rac-1, which are the components of NADPH oxidase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: Hyun Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myung Ja
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Yeong Ok
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011422:Propionates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012850:Sinus of Valsalva / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C526155:3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008055:Lipids; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011422:Propionates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019255:NADPH Oxidases