title: Acupuncture analgesia for temporal summation of experimental pain: a randomised controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temporal summation of pain, a phenomenon of the central nervous system (CNS), represents enhanced painful sensation or reduced pain threshold upon repeated stimulation. This pain model has been used to evaluate the analgesic effect of various medications on the CNS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to evaluate the effects and characteristics of analgesia induced by electroacupuncture (EA), manual acupuncture (MA) and non-invasive sham-acupuncture (SA) in healthy humans on temporal summation of pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirsty-six pain-free volunteers were randomised into one of the three groups EA (2/100 Hz), MA or SA. Acupuncture intervention was on ST36 and ST40 on the dominant leg delivered by an acupuncturist blinded to the outcome assessment. Both subjects and the evaluator were blinded to the treatment allocation. Pain thresholds to a single pulse (single pain threshold, SPT) and repeated pulses electrical stimulation (temporal summation thresholds, TST) were measured before, 30 min after and 24h after each treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baseline values of three groups were comparable. Compared to SA, EA significantly increased both SPT and TST immediately after the treatment on the treatment leg as well as 24h after on both the treatment and non-treatment legs (ANOVA, p<0.05). MA also increased SPT and TST, but the changes were not significantly different from those induced by SA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EA induces bilateral, segmentally distributed and prolong analgesia on both SPT and TST, indicating a non-centrally specific effect. This effect needs to be verified with heat or mechanical model and in pain patients.
authors.affiliation: Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. zhen.zheng@rmit.edu.au
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Sam Jian Qiang
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Cliff da
authors.initials: Cd
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Chun Guang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Charlie Changli
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D015667:Acupuncture Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D015671:Electroacupuncture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D016037:Single-Blind Method