title: Estimation of trans fatty acid intake in Japanese adults using 16-day diet records based on a food composition database developed for the Japanese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan do not include information on trans fatty acids. Previous studies estimating trans fatty acid intake among Japanese have limitations regarding the databases utilized and diet assessment methodologies. We developed a comprehensive database of trans fatty acid food composition, and used this database to estimate intake among a Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The database was developed using analytic values from the literature and nutrient analysis software encompassing foods in the US, as well as values estimated from recipes or nutrient compositions. We collected 16-day diet records from 225 adults aged 30 to 69 years living in 4 areas of Japan. Trans fatty acid intake was estimated based on the database and the 16-day diet records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean total fat and trans fatty acid intake was 56.9 g/day (27.7% total energy) and 1.7 g/day (0.8% total energy), respectively, for women and 66.8 g/day (25.5% total energy) and 1.7 g/day (0.7% total energy) for men. Trans fatty acid intake accounted for greater than 1% of total energy intake, which is the maximum recommended according to the World Health Organization, in 24.4% of women and 5.7% of men, and was particularly high among women living in urban areas and those aged 30-49 years. The largest contributors to trans fatty acid intake were confectionaries in women and fats and oils in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although mean trans fatty acid intake was below the maximum recommended intake of the World Health Organization, intake among subgroups was of concern. Further public health efforts to reduce trans fatty acid intake should be encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Notsu
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Todoriki
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Chigusa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Date
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015930:Diet Records; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000592:standards; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids