title: Involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma in angiogenesis and healing of experimental myocardial infarction in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)gamma is expressed in hematopoietic cells, endothelial cells (ECs), and cardiomyocytes and regulates different cellular functions relevant to inflammation, tissue remodeling and cicatrization. Recently, PI3Kgamma inhibitors have been indicated for the treatment of chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases and atherosclerosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to determine PI3Kgamma contribution to the angiogenic capacity of ECs and the effect of PI3Kgamma inhibition on healing of myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human umbilical ECs were treated with a selective PI3Kgamma inhibitor, AS605240, or a pan-phosphoinositide 3-kinases inhibitor, LY294002. Both inhibitory treatments and small interfering RNA-mediated PI3Kgamma knockdown strongly impaired ECs angiogenic capacity, because of suppression of the PI3K/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Constitutive activation of Akt rescued the angiogenic defect. Reparative angiogenesis was studied in vivo in a model of MI. AS605240 did not affect MI-induced PI3Kgamma upregulation, whereas it suppressed Akt activation and downstream signaling. AS605240 strongly reduced inflammation, enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and impaired survival and proliferation of ECs in peri-infarct zone, which resulted in defective reparative neovascularization. As a consequence, AS605240-treated MI hearts showed increased infarct size and impaired recovery of left ventricular function. Similarly, PI3Kgamma-deficient mice showed impaired reparative neovascularization, enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and marked deterioration of cardiac function following MI. Mice expressing catalytically inactive PI3Kgamma also failed to mount a proper neovascularization, although cardiac dysfunction was similar to wild-type controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PI3Kgamma expression and catalytic activity are involved at different levels in reparative neovascularization and healing of MI.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siragusa
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katare
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meloni
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Damilano
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Costanza
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Emanueli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Madeddu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D034622:RNA Interference; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011810:Quinoxalines; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; C505144:5-quinoxalin-6-ylmethylenethiazolidine-2,4-dione; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one