title: Computed tomography-based study of age- and sex-related variation in morphology of the femur.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The femur has a complex shape with marked individual differences. The aim of our study was to investigate the anatomy of the femur in normal subjects using computed tomography imaging with the aim of building a digital database of human femoral anatomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied age- and sex-related variation in the shape of the femur in 169 normal subjects (80 men and 89 women) using Computed Tomography. Subjects were divided into three age groups (Group I: < 35 years; Group II: 36 - 55 years; Group III: > 56 years). Measurements were taken of transverse sections at 25%, 50% and 75% of femoral length.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bony surface at the transverse section at 50% of the length of the femur was greater in the older men (p=0.007). There were differences in the medullary canal surface area of the femur at the section at 50% of its length in both women and men (p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides a detailed characterization of the anatomical features of the femur of normal subjects, and can be helpful in modelling prosthetic implants or internal fixation devices in relation to the age and sex of the patients.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit FREMAP Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forriol
authors.forename: Umile Giuseppe
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pueyo
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maffulli
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Denaro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001837:Body Weights and Measures / Q000379:methods; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods