title: Expression of Mytilus immune genes in response to experimental challenges varied according to the site of collection.
abstract: Mussels live in diverse coastal environments experience various physical, chemical and biological conditions, which they counteract with functional adjustments and heritable adaptive changes. In order to investigate possible differences in immune system capabilities, we analyzed by qPCR the expression levels of 4 immune genes (defensin, mytilin B, myticin B, lysozyme) and HSP70 in the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis collected in 3 European farming areas {Atlantic Ocean-Ría de Vigo-Spain (RV), French Mediterranean Gulf of Lion-Palavas-Prévost lagoon (PP) and Northern Adriatic Sea-Venice-Italy (VI)} in response to one injection of one of the 3 bacterial species (Vibrio splendidus LGP32, Vibrio anguillarum, Micrococcus lysodeikticus), and to heat shock or cold stress. We confirmed that the 5 genes are constitutively expressed in hemocytes, defensin being the less expressed, myticin B the highest. As suspected, the same gene resulted differently expressed according to mussel group, with the biggest difference being for HSP70 and lysozyme and lowest expression of all the 5 genes in mussels from RV. In addition, gene expression levels varied according to the challenge. Most frequent effect of bacterial injections was down-regulation, especially for mytilin B and myticin B. Heat shock enhanced transcript levels, particularly in mussels from RV, whereas cold stress had no effect. In situ hybridization of labelled probes on mussel hemocytes indicated that bacterial injections did not change the mRNA patterns of defensin and myticin B whereas mytilin B mRNA almost disappeared. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that constitutive level, nature and intensity of immune gene expression regulations strongly depended from mussel group, and support the concept of gene-environment interactions.
authors.affiliation: Ecosystèmes Lagunaires, UMR 5119, Université de Montpellier 2-CNRS, cc093, place E. Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venier
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prado-Alvárez
authors.forename: Camino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gestal
authors.forename: Mylène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toubiana
authors.forename: Rosita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quartesan
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borghesan
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Novoa
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figueras
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D023082:Defensins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D049878:Mytilus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D023082:Defensins; C408470:mytilin