title: Is robotic mitral valve repair a reproducible approach?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to review the surgical outcomes of our initial 120 robotic mitral valve repairs from June 2005 through April 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  The initial 74 repairs were performed with the first-generation da Vinci robot (Intuitive Surgical, Inc, Sunny Vale, Calif), and the last 46 were performed with the da Vinci Si HD model. All patients received an annuloplasty band and 1 or more of the following: leaflet resection; annuloplasty; basal chord transposition, polytetrafluoroethylene neochordal replacement, or both; and edge-to-edge repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall mean age was 58.4 +/- 10.5 years, and 64% were male. There was 1 (0.8%) hospital mortality. Five patients required mitral valve replacement for a failed repair. Another patient had mitral valve rerepair on postoperative day 2. Except for 2 early reoperations for postoperative bleeding, all of the complications and failed repairs requiring operative revision occurred with the original robot. Postdischarge transthoracic echocardiographic follow-up was available on 107 (93%) of 115 patients, with a median follow-up of 321 days. None to mild mitral regurgitation was seen in 102 (89%) patients, moderate mitral regurgitation was seen in 9 (8.4%) patients, and severe mitral regurgitation was seen in 3 (2.8%), with 1 patient undergoing mitral valve replacement and 2 patients being medically managed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of complications and all the repeat operations for failed mitral valve repair occurred with the older-model da Vinci robot. The newer da Vinci Si HD system, with the addition of an adjustable left atrial roof retractor, improves mitral valve exposure, enhancing the surgeon's ability to repair and test the valve. We have progressed to successful repair of all types of degenerative mitral valve pathology and have found the approach reproducible.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: Michele A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: De Robertis
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mirocha
authors.forename: Lawrence S C
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Czer
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kass
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trento
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics; D016896:Treatment Outcome