title: Progressive resistance training improves overall physical activity levels in patients with early osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prescription of resistance training (RT) exercises is an essential aspect of management for knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, whether patients with knee OA who are randomly assigned to receive RT simply substitute RT for other modes of physical activity remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a structured RT intervention on overall levels of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) in patients with early-onset knee OA. The study compared patients with early-onset OA who participated in an RT program, those who participated in a self-management (SM) program, and those who participated in both RT and SM. Because participants randomly assigned to receive the RT intervention may simply switch activity modes, resulting in little net effect, we assessed total MVPA in addition to tracking changes in strength (force-generating capacity).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of SM alone, RT alone, and combined RT+SM on MVPA in patients with early OA of the knee.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted on a university campus, with patient recruitment from the local community.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants in this study were 171 patients (74% women, 26% men) with knee OA. They had a mean age of 55.1 (SD=7.1) years, a mean body mass index of 27.6 (SD=4.2) kg/m(2), and radiographic status of grade II OA (and no higher) in at least one knee, as defined by the Kellgren and Lawrence classification. They wore an accelerometer while awake (X=14.2 [SD=2.2] hours) for 5 to 7 contiguous days (X=6.8 [SD=0.5] days) at baseline and at 3 and 9 months of intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participants engaged in MVPA a mean of 26.2 (SD=19.3) minutes per day at baseline. Both groups significantly increased their MVPA from baseline to 3 months (RT group by 18% [effect size (d)=0.26]; SM group by 22% [effect size (d)=0.25]), but only the RT group sustained those changes at 9 months (RT group maintained a 10% increase [effect size (d)=0.15]; SM group maintained a 2% increase [effect size (d)=0.03]). A significant group x time interaction for MVPA indicated that the RT group maintained higher MVPA levels than the SM group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of direct measures of energy expenditure and physical function was a limitation of the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with early-onset OA of the knee can engage in an RT program without sacrificing their overall MVPA levels. These results support the value of RT for management of knee OA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Arizona, 1713 E University Blvd #93, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. jfarr@email.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Joshua N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Farr
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Going
authors.forename: Patrick E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: McKnight
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasle
authors.forename: Ellen C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Cussler
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cornett
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D055070:Resistance Training