Impact of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents on energy and physical function in nondialysis CKD patients with anemia: a systematic review.
BACKGROUND
Previous analyses report the impact of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) on health-related quality of life across various populations. In this analysis, we review published studies and quantify the effect of ESA therapy on energy/fatigue and physical function in nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) related anemia.


METHODS
Systematic literature search to identify articles (1980-2008) that evaluated effects of ESAs on patient-reported energy and physical function.


METHODS
Nondialysis CKD patients with anemia enrolled in prospective trials.


METHODS
Prospective studies measuring energy or physical function with both baseline and follow-up measurement.


METHODS
ESA treatment.


RESULTS
Improvements in energy and physical function assessed using effect size, a measure of treatment responsiveness.


RESULTS
14 studies were identified: 11 measured energy and 14 measured physical function. The 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was the most common instrument used to report energy and physical function. Of 11 studies measuring energy, 2 were double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs), 5 were open-label RCTs, and 4 were single-arm open-label studies. Eight of 11 studies reported statistically significant improvements in energy. Effect size for energy ranged from small (0.24) to large (1.90) in ESA-treated groups and was moderate in each arm of the low- versus high-hemoglobin target RCTs. Of 14 studies measuring physical function, 2 were double-blind RCTs, 6 were open-label RCTs, and 6 were single-arm open-label studies. Ten of 14 studies reported statistically significant improvements in physical function. Effect size for physical function ranged from small (0.37) to large (2.38) in ESA-treated groups and was negligible to moderate in each arm of low- versus high-hemoglobin target studies.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings and conclusions were limited by the available evidence.


CONCLUSIONS
RCTs and single-arm studies indicate that treatment of anemia with ESAs improves energy and physical function in nondialysis CKD patients.
Gandra
Shravanthi R
SR
Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
Finkelstein
Fredric O
FO
Bennett
Antonia V
AV
Lewis
Eldrin F
EF
Brazg
Tracy
T
Martin
Mona L
ML
D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005221:Fatigue; D006397:Hematinics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D009043:Motor Activity; D011788:Quality of Life
D006397:Hematinics