title: Reproductive health effects of aflatoxins: a review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although it is known that aflatoxins have many adverse health effects, there is no systematic summary of how it affects the reproductive system or its reproductive health effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Summarize evidence on the reproductive health effects of aflatoxins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search yielded 121 potential studies, of which 25 were retained. One study found a higher concentration of aflatoxins in the semen of infertile men (40% of cases compared to 8% of controls). Six studies found significant associations or correlations between low birth weight and aflatoxins while one study did not find any correlation. One study found maternal serum aflatoxin to be a risk factor for jaundice in infants (OR, 2.68; CI, 1.18-6.10). Overall, maternal breast milk in developing countries had higher rates of aflatoxin contamination than in high income countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stakeholders in developing countries need to take steps to reduce exposure of vulnerable populations to the toxic effects of aflatoxins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA. faisals@uab.edu
authors.forename: Faisal M B
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Shuaib
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ehiri
authors.forename: Amina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdullahi
authors.forename: Jonathan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Pauline E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Jolly
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human; D011247:Pregnancy; D018456:Reproductive Medicine; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins