title: Typing of genetic markers involved in stress response by fluorescent cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism technique.
abstract: Identification of genetic markers involved in stress response to physical factors or chemical substances in organisms is a challenging task. Typing of upregulated gene expression due to selective antibacterial pressure is a promising approach in the search of molecular mechanisms responsible for development of resistance. cDNA-Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (cDNA-FAFLP) strategy was developed and applied in the search of antimycotic drug resistance marker(s) in medically important fungi as an alternative method to microarray analysis. We compared differential gene expression of two sensitive Candida albicans reference strains (ATCC 10231 and ATCC 60133) and two of their paired resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole mutants. Resistant mutants Candida albicans FLC-R, resistant to fluconazole (MIC > 128 microg/ml) and Candida albicans ICZ-R, resistant to itraconazole (MIC > 4 microg/ml) were obtained in subcultures with gradual increase of the antifungal in the culture medium. cDNA-AFLP profile in both itraconazole resistant mutants showed specific spectrophotometric peaks with 5-6-fold RNA overexpression product of 500 bp length compared to the sensitive strains. Fluconazole mutants do not reveal RNA level changes under tested by us typing conditions. These results indicate that the cDNA-FAFLP strategy is a relatively rapid, simple, and reliable method for simultaneous typing of both constitutive and induced differences in expression of host genes providing insight into the biological processes involved in response to drugs in bacteria and fungi. Moreover, this methodology could be tested for typing of the genome response of any organism to physical or chemical stress factors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Levterova
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panaiotov
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brankova
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tankova
mesh_terms: D054458:Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000235:genetics*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005819:Genetic Markers