"Such a smoking nation as this I never saw...": smoking, nationalism, and manliness in nineteenth-century Hungary.
Tobacco smoking became an important marker of Hungarian national identity during the nineteenth century. this national symbol ultimately had an economic origin: Hungarian tobacco producers resisted the tobacco monopoly of the Habsburg central government, and led an ultimately successful consumer boycott of Austrian products. Tobacco nationalism, however, became a common theme in Hungarian popular culture in its own right, as tobacco use came to symbolize community and fraternity. The use of tobacco was also highly gendered; smoking as a metaphor for membership shows that the Hungarian nation was a gender-exclusive "national brotherhood."
Maxwell
Alexander
A
New Europe College, Bucharest.
D000884:Anthropology, Cultural / Q000193:education / Q000266:history; D003132:Commerce / Q000191:economics / Q000193:education / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004467:Economics / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005783:Gender Identity; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006814:Hungary / Q000208:ethnology; D057228:Masculinity / Q000266:history; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D012919:Social Behavior; D012933:Social Identification; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000193:education / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014026:Nicotiana