title: Olive mill wastewater evaporation management using PCA method Case study of natural degradation in stabilization ponds (Sfax, Tunisia).
abstract: Olive mill wastewater (OMW) evaporation ponds management was investigated in five serial evaporation open-air multiponds of 50 ha located in Sfax (Tunisia). Physico-chemical parameters and microbial flora evolution were considered. Empirical models describing the OMW characteristic changes with the operation time were established and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) described the correlation between physico-chemical and biological parameters. COD, BOD, total solids, polyphenols and electrical conductivity exhibited first-order models. Four groups exhibited high correlations. The first included temperature, density, COD, TSS, TS, BOD, VS, TOC, TKN, polyphenols and minerals. The second group was made up of yeasts and moulds. The third group was established with phenolic compounds, total sugars, fats, total phosphorous, NH(4)(+) and pH. The fourth group was constituted by exclusively aerobic bacteria. Bacterial-growth toxic effect was exhibited by high organic load, ash content and polyphenols, whereas moulds and yeasts were more adapted to OMW. During the storage, all the third group parameter values decreased and were inversely related to the others. In the last pond, COD, BOD, TS and TSS rates were reduced by 40%, 50%, 50% and 75% respectively. The evaporation and the biological activity were the main processes acting, predicting the OMW behavior during evaporation in air-open ponds.
authors.affiliation: UR Etude et Gestion des Environnements Urbains et Côtiers, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jarboui
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sellami
authors.forename: Chafai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Azri
authors.forename: Néji
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gharsallah
authors.forename: Emna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ammar
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002241:Carbohydrates; D005223:Fats; D005419:Flavonoids; D005525:Food-Processing Industry; D005658:Fungi; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000517:prevention & control*; D031658:Olea; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D014416:Tunisia; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D005223:Fats; D005419:Flavonoids; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D000641:Ammonia