title: Finished leather waste chromium acid extraction and anaerobic biodegradation of the products.
abstract: Due to the amounts of chromium in the leachate resulting from leather leaching tests, chromium sulfate tanned leather wastes are very often considered hazardous wastes. To overcome this problem, one option could be recovering the chromium and, consequently, lowering its content in the leather scrap. With this objective, chromium leather scrap was leached with sulfuric acid solutions at low temperature also aiming at maximizing chromium removal with minimum attack of the leather matrix. The effects of leather scrap dimension, sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate concentration in the solutions, as well as extraction time and temperature on chromium recovery were studied, and, additionally, organic matrix degradation was evaluated. The best conditions found for chromium recovery were leather scrap conditioning using 25mL of concentrated H(2)SO(4)/L solution at 293 or 313K during 3 or 6days. Under such conditions, 30-60+/-5% of chromium was recovered and as low as 3-6+/-1% of the leather total organic carbon (TOC) was dissolved. Using such treatment, the leather scrap area and volume are reduced and the residue is a more brittle material showing enhanced anaerobic biodegradability. Although good recovery results were achieved, due to the fact that the amount of chromium in eluate exceeded the threshold value this waste was still hazardous. Thus, it needs to be methodically washed in order to remove all the chromium de-linked from collagen.
authors.affiliation: Centro Tecnológico do Calçado de Portugal (Portuguese Footwear Technological Centre), CTCP Rua de Fundões, Devesa Velha, 3700-121 São João da Madeira, Portugal. amariajoseferreira@gmail.com
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Manuel F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Sílvia C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pinho
authors.forename: Isabel C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007220:Industrial Waste; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D002857:Chromium; C033158:sulfuric acid