title: Fraxinus rhynchophylla ethanol extract attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats via down-regulating the expressions of uPA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of Fraxinus rhynchophylla ethanol extract (FR(EtOH)) on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat hepatic fibrosis was induced by oral administration of CCl(4). Sixty SD rats were divided randomly into 6 groups: control, CCl(4) group, silymarin group and three FR(EtOH)-treated groups. Except for the rats in control group, all rats were administered orally with CCl(4) (20%, 0.2 mL/100g body weight) twice a week for 8 weeks. Rats in FR(EtOH) groups were treated daily with FR(EtOH) (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg, p.o.) throughout the whole experimental period. Liver function parameters (such as activities of serum GOT and GPT levels), activities of liver anti-oxidant enzymes (such as catalase, SOD, GPx) and expressions of uPA, tPA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1, -2, -3, -4 in the liver fibrosis pathway were detected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that FR(EtOH) (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg BW) significantly reduced the elevated activities of sGOT and sGPT caused by CCl(4). FR(EtOH) (0.1 and 0.5 g/kg BW) and significantly increased the activities of GSH-Px. The histopathological study showed that FR(EtOH) (0.1 and 0.5 g/kg BW) reduced the incidence of liver lesions, including hepatic cells cloudy swelling, lymphocytes infiltration, cytoplasm vacuolization hepatic necrosis and fibrous connective tissue proliferated induced by CCl(4) in rats. In our study it was showed that CCl(4)-treated group significantly increased the protein levels of uPA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1. FR(EtOH) (0.1 and 0.5 g/kg BW) could inhibit the protein levels of uPA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1. Finally, the amount of esculetin in the FR(EtOH) was 33.54 mg/g extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral administration of FR(EtOH) significantly reduces CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, probably by exerting a protective effect against hepatocellular fibrosis by its free radical scavenging ability. FR(EtOH) down-regulated the expressions of uPA, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in CCl(4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC. whpeng@mail.cmu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Wen-Huang
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Yun-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tien
authors.forename: Chih-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Tai-Hung
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jung-Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Chao-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Ying-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D002252:Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D031661:Fraxinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D015870:Gene Expression; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012838:Silymarin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014468:Umbelliferones / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012838:Silymarin; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D014468:Umbelliferones; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C007628:esculetin