title: Diffusion tensor anisotropy in the cingulate gyrus in schizophrenia.
abstract: It has been proposed that schizophrenia results partly from altered brain connectivity. The anterior cingulate cortex in particular has been demonstrated to be affected in schizophrenia, with studies reporting reduced volume, altered neuronal arrangement, decreased anisotropy in diffusion tensor images, and hypometabolism. We used a 3T Siemens scanner to acquire structural and diffusion tensor imaging in age-and sex-matched groups of 41 adults with chronic schizophrenia, 6 adults with recent-onset schizophrenia, and 38 healthy control subjects. We manually traced the anterior and posterior cingulate gyri on all subjects and then compared the volume and anisotropy across groups for the left and right anterior and posterior cingulate gyri. The anterior cingulate gyrus was divided axially into six equal segments, and the posterior cingulate gyrus into two segments. Volume was calculated for the anterior and posterior gyri, and average anisotropy was then calculated for each individual segment, looking separately at gray and white matter. We found decreased overall relative left and right gray matter volume in the anterior cingulate gyrus in persons with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. Additionally, in both gray and white matter of the cingulate, we found that recent-onset patients had the highest anisotropy, chronic patients had the lowest, and controls were intermediate. These results provide additional evidence for the presence of both white and gray matter abnormalities in the cingulate gyrus, which has been implicated in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Devorah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: M Mehmet
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Haznedar
authors.forename: Erin A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hazlett
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Entis
authors.forename: Randall E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Newmark
authors.forename: Yuliya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Torosjan
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Schneiderman
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: King-Wai
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Cheuk Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Monte S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Buchsbaum
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hof
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016880:Anisotropy; D001931:Brain Mapping; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult