title: TGM2 is a novel marker for prognosis and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) plays a role in cell growth and survival through the antiapoptosis signaling pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed TGM2 gene expression in 91 paired cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) and noncancerous regions and seven CRC cell lines to demonstrate the importance of TGM2 expression for the prediction of prognosis of CRC. TGM2 expression was higher in CRC tissue than in corresponding normal tissue by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (P = .015).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the high TGM2 expression group showed a poorer overall survival rate than those in the low expression group (P = .001), indicating that the increase in TGM2 expression was an independent prognostic factor. TGM2 was also expressed in the seven CRC cell lines. The in vitro proliferation assay showed that TGM2 expression is involved with tumor growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that TGM2 is useful as a predictive marker for patient prognosis and may be a novel therapeutic target for CRC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Norikatsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Hideshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Koshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mimori
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hitora
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tei
authors.forename: Mitsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekimoto
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doki
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003106:Colon / Q000201:enzymology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012007:Rectum / Q000201:enzymology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015996:Survival Rate; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C000717608:TGM2 protein, human; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins