title: CXCL 9 and CXCL 10 as Sensitive markers of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether serum levels of CC and CXC chemokines correlate with disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to determine whether these effects predict clinical response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of the chemokines CC (CCL2, CCL5) and CXC (CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10) were quantified at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or biologic agents in 28 patients using flow cytometry. Serum from 40 healthy individuals was collected for comparison at baseline. Response to treatment was classified according to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. Remission of disease was defined as a Disease Activity Score < 2.6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baseline serum concentrations of CC and CXC chemokines were significantly elevated in patients with active RA compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05) except for CCL2. Significant improvement in all disease activity measurements was observed after 12 weeks of treatment. Seventeen (60.7%) patients achieved good to moderate response based on the EULAR response criteria, and 5 (17.9%) patients achieved remission. The improvement in clinical activity in patients with RA was accompanied by a significant reduction in the serum concentration of CXCL9 and CXCL10 (p < 0.001). A significant reduction in the serum level of CXCL10 was also observed in the group that achieved EULAR response. Serum concentration of CCL5 remained significantly elevated in patients with RA (n = 5) who achieved remission compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum concentration of CXCL9 and CXCL10 may serve as sensitive biomarkers for disease activity in patients with RA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Woon Pang
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Kuan
authors.forename: Lai-Shan
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Chun-Kwok
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Fanny W S
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Tena
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Edmund K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000097:blood; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood*; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011379:Prognosis; D012074:Remission Induction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D016209:Interleukin-8