title: Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in liver tumors after transcatheter arterial embolization in an animal model.
abstract: To examine the effect of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of liver tumors on hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression in the residual viable tumor, a total of 30 New Zealand White rabbits implanted with VX2 liver tumor were divided into 2 groups. TAE-treated group animals (n=15) were subjected to TAE with 150-250 microm polyvinyl alcohol particles. Control group animals (n=15) underwent sham embolization with distilled water. Six hours, 3 days or 7 days after TAE, the animals were sacrificed, and samples of tumor and adjacent normal liver tissue were harvested. Expression of HIF-1alpha protein was examined immunohistochemically. Real-time PCR was performed to examine the HIF-1alpha mRNA levels. Our results showed that HIF-1alpha protein was expressed in the VX2 tumors but not in the adjacent normal liver tissue. The HIF-1alpha-positive tumor cells were located predominantly at the periphery of necrotic tumor regions. The mean levels of HIF-1alpha protein were significantly higher in TAE-treated tumors than those in control tumors (P=0.002). Among the three sacrificing time points, the difference in increase in HIF-1alpha protein was significant between the two groups at the sacrificing time point of 6 h and 3 days after TAE (P=0.020, P=0.031, respectively), whereas no significant increase was noted 7 days after TAE (P=0.502). In contrast, although HIF-1alpha mRNA was expressed in TAE-treated and control VX2 tumors, there existed no significant difference in the HIF-1alpha mRNA level between the two groups (P=0.372). It is concluded that TAE of liver tumors increases the expression of HIF-1alpha at protein level in the residual viable tumor, which could be attributed to hypoxia generated by the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. liangbin584520@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Chuansheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Gansheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Enhua
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D012333:RNA, Messenger