title: Effect of gender and type 2 diabetes mellitus on heart rate recovery in patients with coronary artery disease after cardiac rehabilitation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to clarify whether type 2 diabetic patients with coronary disease are subject to similar benefits in heart rate recovery (HRR) as non-diabetic counterpatrs after cardiac rehabilitation, assessing men and women subjects separately.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data used for this analysis were from an eight-week, phase-II cardiac rehabilitation including 284 patients with ischaemic heart disease who were managed at Tehran Heart Centre between July 2004 and January 2006. The heart rate parameters were compared between diabetic and non-diabetic patients before and after cardiac rehabilitation. Diabetic and non-diabetic patients had similar age and left ventricular ejection fraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among men, the non-diabetic patients achieved a greater improvement in peak heart rate and heart rate recovery (HRR). Additionally, lower resting heart rate was found in nondiabetic men after rehabilitation. In the women >or= 50 years old, there was no significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic. The non-diabetic women < 50 years old showed significantly higher peak heart rate and HRR compared with diabetic women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the benefit of cardiac rehabilitation in HRR is significantly lower in type 2 diabetic men. Improvement of HRR is not associated with diabetic status in women >/= 50 years old. The response to cardiac rehabilitation in women may appear to be influenced more by age at menopause rather than diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nejatian
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hajizaynali
authors.forename: Seyed Hesameddin
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alidoosti
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheikhfathollahi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbasi
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors