The active city? Disparities in provision of urban public recreation resources.
Recreation is critical to active living yet few studies have focused on disparities in the provision of recreational programs. We investigate the spatial distribution of public recreational programs in southern California. Findings indicate that more than half of all recreation programs take place away from a formal park site. Multivariate modeling results suggest that cities characterized by low household incomes, low fiscal capacity, minority populations, and multi-family housing are disadvantaged with respect to recreation provisions. Such disparities may increase health risks among populations in such communities. Urban planners and public health advocates should enhance recreation programs in lower-income non-white communities.
Dahmann
Nicholas
N
University of Southern California, Department of Geography, 3620 South Vermont Avenue, Kaprielian Hall, Room 464, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Wolch
Jennifer
J
Joassart-Marcelli
Pascale
P
Reynolds
Kim
K
Jerrett
Michael
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002958:City Planning; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011204:Poverty Areas; D011998:Recreation; D040841:Resource Allocation; D012935:Social Justice; D013177:Sports