title: Ivermectin is a nonselective inhibitor of mammalian P-type ATPases.
abstract: Ivermectin is a large spectrum antiparasitic drug that is very safe at the doses actually used. However, as it is being studied for new applications that would require higher doses, we should pay attention to its effects at high concentrations. As micromolar concentrations of ivermectin have been reported to inhibit the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), we decided to investigate its putative inhibitory effect on other two important P-type ATPases, namely the Na(+) , K(+)-ATPase and H(+)/K(+)-ATPase. We first extended the data on SERCA, using preparations from rat enriched in SERCA1a (extensor digitorum longus) and 1b (heart) isoforms. Secondly, we tested the effect of ivermectin in two preparations of rat Na(+), K(+)-ATPase in order to appreciate its putative selectivity towards the alpha(1) isoform (kidney) and the alpha(2)/alpha(3) isoforms (brain), and in an H(+)/K(+)-ATPase preparation from rat stomach. Ivermectin inhibited all these ATPases with similar IC(50) values (6-17 microM). With respect to the inhibition of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, ivermectin acts by a mechanism different from the classical cardiac glycosides, based on selectivity towards the isoforms, sensibility to the antagonistic effect of K(+) and to ionic conditions favoring different conformations of the enzyme. We conclude that ivermectin is a nonselective inhibitor of three important mammalian P-type ATPases, which is indicative of putative important adverse effects if this drug were used at high doses. As a consequence, we propose that novel analogs of ivermectin should be developed and tested both for their parasitic activity and in vitro effects on P-type ATPases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Bloco J do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, sala 17, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CEP: 21941-912 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Henrique Cotrim
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Pimenta
authors.forename: Claudia Lucia Martins
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Noël
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017506:H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D007527:Isoenzymes; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D007559:Ivermectin; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; D017506:H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase