title: Interplay of hepatic and myeloid signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in facilitating liver regeneration via tempering innate immunity.
abstract: Liver regeneration triggered by two-thirds partial hepatectomy is accompanied by elevated hepatic levels of endotoxin, which contributes to the regenerative process, but liver inflammation and apoptosis remain paradoxically limited. Here, we show that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), an important anti-inflammatory signal, is activated in myeloid cells after partial hepatectomy and its conditional deletion results in an enhanced inflammatory response. Surprisingly, this is accompanied by an improved rather than impaired regenerative response with increased hepatic STAT3 activation, which may contribute to the enhanced liver regeneration. Indeed, conditional deletion of STAT3 in both hepatocytes and myeloid cells results in elevated activation of STAT1 and apoptosis of hepatocytes, and a dramatic reduction in survival after partial hepatectomy, whereas additional global deletion of STAT1 protects against these effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An interplay of myeloid and hepatic STAT3 signaling is essential to prevent liver failure during liver regeneration through tempering a strong innate inflammatory response mediated by STAT1 signaling.
authors.affiliation: Section on Liver Biology, Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ogyi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Fouad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lafdil
authors.forename: Kezhen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Xin-Yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kunos
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006498:Hepatectomy; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D008115:Liver Regeneration; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494080:Stat1 protein, mouse; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D007371:Interferon-gamma