title: Menopause and modifiable coronary heart disease risk factors: a population based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to determine the effect of the menopause on various coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and on the global risk of CHD in a population based sample of women, making the difference between menopause and age related effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Third French MONICA cross-sectional survey on cardiovascular risk included 1730 randomly selected women, aged 35-64 years, representative from the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were defined as post-menopausal (postM; n=696), peri-menopausal (periM; n=183) or pre-menopausal (preM; n=659) based on the date of last menses. Socio-demographic, clinical and biological data were collected. Analyses of variance were used to compare means.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PostM women had significantly higher age-adjusted levels of total cholesterol (6.0mmol/L in postM vs. 5.7mmol/L in preM, p<0.05) and LDL cholesterol (3.9mmol/L vs. 3.6mmol/L, p<0.05). There was no difference in HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels, glycemia or blood pressure. Further adjustment on body mass index and hormonal treatments did not modify the results. No risk factor was significantly different between periM and postM. However, the Framingham 10-year risk of CHD was higher in postM, as compared with periM (5.1% vs. 5.0%, p<0.05). In postM women, lipids and the Framingham risk were not associated with elapsed time since menopause.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CHD risk increases during the sixth decade could be explained not only by estrogen deprivation but also by an effect on lipid profile, which is likely to occur in the peri-menopause period.
authors.affiliation: CHU Nancy, Epidémiologie et Evaluation Cliniques, Nancy, France. n.agrinier@chu-nancy.fr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agrinier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cournot
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dallongeville
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arveiler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ducimetière
authors.forename: J-B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ruidavets
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferrières
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol