title: Overexpression of the ATP binding cassette gene ABCA1 determines resistance to Curcumin in M14 melanoma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Curcumin induces apoptosis in many cancer cells and it reduces xenograft growth and the formation of lung metastases in nude mice. Moreover, the plant derived polyphenol has been reported to be able to overcome drug resistance to classical chemotherapy. These features render the drug a promising candidate for tumor therapy especially for cancers known for their high rates concerning therapy resistance like melanoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show here that the melanoma cell line M14 is resistant to Curcumin induced apoptosis, which correlates with the absence of any effect on NFkappaB signaling. We show that CXCL1 a chemokine that is down regulated in breast cancer cells by Curcumin in an NFkappaB dependent manner is expressed at variable levels in human melanomas. Yet in M14 cells, CXCL1 expression did not change upon Curcumin treatment. Following the hypothesis that Curcumin is rapidly removed from the resistant cells, we analyzed expression of known multi drug resistance genes and cellular transporters in M14 melanoma cells and in the Curcumin sensitive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1, a gene involved in the cellular lipid removal pathway is over-expressed in resistant M14 melanoma as compared to the sensitive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Gene silencing of ABCA1 by siRNA sensitizes M14 cells to the apoptotic effect of Curcumin most likely as a result of reduced basal levels of active NFkappaB. Moreover, ABCA1 silencing alone also induces apoptosis and reduces p65 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resistance to Curcumin thus follows classical pathways and ABCA1 expression should be considered as response marker.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Surgical Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany. bachmeier@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Beatrice E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Bachmeier
authors.forename: Cristina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Iancu
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Killian
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kronski
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mirisola
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Angelini
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jochum
authors.forename: Andreas G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Nerlich
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pfeffer
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017931:DNA Primers; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C577836:ABCA1 protein, human; D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D003474:Curcumin