title: High-throughput determination of faropenem in human plasma and urine by on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection and its application to the pharmacokinetic study.
abstract: An automated system using on-line solid-phase extraction and HPLC with UV detection was developed for the determination of faropenem in human plasma and urine. Analytical process was performed isocratically with two reversed-phase columns connected by a switching valve. After simple pretreatment for plasma and urine with acetonitrile, a volume of 100microl upper layer of the plasma or urine samples was injected for on-line SPE column switching HPLC-UV analysis. The analytes were retained on the self-made trap column (Lichrospher C(18), 4.6mmx37mm, 25microm) with the loading solvent (20mM NaH(2)PO(4) adjusted pH 3.5) at flow rate of 2mlmin(-1), and most matrix materials were removed from the column to waste. After 0.5min washing, the valve was switched to another position so that the target analytes could be eluted from trap column to analytical column in the back-flush mode by the mobile phase (acetonitrile-20mM NaH(2)PO(4) adjusted pH 3.5, 16:84, v/v) at flow rate of 1.5mlmin(-1), and then separated on the analytical column (Ultimate XB-C(18), 4.6mmx50mm, 5microm).The complete cycle of the on-line SPE preconcentration purification and HPLC separation of the analytes was 5min. Calibration curves with good linearities (r=0.9994 for plasma sample and r=0.9988 for urine sample) were obtained in the range 0.02-5microgml(-1) in plasma and 0.05-10microg ml(-1) in urine for faropenem. The optimized method showed good performance in terms of specificity, linearity, detection and quantification limits, precision and accuracy. The method was successfully utilized to quantify faropenem in human plasma and urine to support the clinical pharmacokinetic studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Guorong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Dabing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D044466:Asian People; D057205:Automation, Laboratory; D002138:Calibration; D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000592:standards; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; D004355:Drug Stability; D005260:Female; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D009862:Online Systems / Q000592:standards; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000592:standards; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000592:standards; D055815:Young Adult; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D047090:beta-Lactams; C107057:fropenem