title: Usefulness of trans-oesophageal echocardiography using intracardiac echography probe in guiding patent foramen ovale percutaneous closure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of intracardiac echocardiography probe through oesophageal route (ICE-TEE) for the monitoring of percutaneous foramen ovale (PFO) closure procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study was conducted in 50 patients divided into two groups: in group I (n = 24), accuracy of ICE-TEE in assessing the inter-atrial septum (IAS) was compared with standard TEE, and in group II, we used ICE-TEE to monitor 26 consecutive patients referred for PFO closure. In group I, IAS was constantly visualized with a close correlation between ICE-TEE and standard TEE for IAS excursion (r = 0.9, P < 0.0001). In group II, ICE-TEE allowed to rule out four patients (three without PFO and one with septal atrial defect associated) and identified three complications during PFO closure procedure (pericardial effusion, inadequate device deployment, and cardiac thrombus). Finally, device implantation was successfully performed in the 22 patients with no residual shunt and thrombus observed after 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICE-TEE could be used to monitor PFO closure procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, APHP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 51 Av de Lattre de Tassigny, 91400 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Laurens
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mitchell-Heggs
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bensaid
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kloeckner
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Monin
authors.forename: Jean-Bernard
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Castanie
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nahum
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Teiger
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dubois-Randé
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gueret
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D003287:Contrast Media; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004947:Esophagus; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D054092:Foramen Ovale, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media