title: Intranasal immunization with Leish-111f induces IFN-gamma production and protects mice from Leishmania major infection.
abstract: The mucosal vaccination is a non-invasive alternative approach for not only mucosal pathogens but also parenteral pathogens, since it induces both mucosal and systemic immunoreactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of intranasal (i.n.) immunization with a recombinant leishmanial protein against Leishmania infection. BALB/c mice were i.n. administered 1-3 times with Leish-111f plus cholera toxin (CT) adjuvant (Leish-111f/CT). Splenocytes from i.n. immunized mice produced high level of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 in response to Leish-111f. When infected with 1x10(6) of Leishmania major promastigotes 2 weeks after the final administration, lesion development was completely controlled in all mice i.n. administered with Leish-111f/CT. Mice i.n. administered with Leish-111f alone showed neither cytokine productions nor lesion control even after 6 administrations, suggesting the importance of CT adjuvant. This report demonstrated for the first time that i.n. administration of a recombinant leishmanial protein induces Th1 type immunity and protects mice from Leishmania infection.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Shun-Ichi
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1124 Columbia Street #400, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan. Electronic address: aymatsu@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasunobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000276:immunology*; D054332:Leishmaniasis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D054332:Leishmaniasis Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002772:Cholera Toxin