title: High incidence of intramural thrombus after overlapping paclitaxel-eluting stent implantation: angioscopic and histopathologic analysis in porcine coronary arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systematic analysis of in vivo angioscopy and postmortem histopathology for paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) has not been previously reported. We assessed 1-month angioscopic and histopathologic sequelae of overlapping PES in pig coronary arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overlapping PES and bare-metal stents (BMS; n=9, one pair per pig) were implanted, and animals were euthanized at 1 month. Late lumen loss was reduced in PES compared with BMS (0.46+/-0.63 mm versus 1.30+/-0.50 mm; P=0.01). Angioscopically, PES stent struts were clearly visible and accompanied by substantial red material indicating mural thrombi. In contrast, stent struts and mural thrombi were barely visible in BMS (P<0.001 versus PES). Macroscopically, mural thrombi were abundant but distributed irregularly throughout the PES, with greater concentration in overlapping segments. Only occasional mural thrombi were noted for BMS. Microscopically, neointima of BMS was fibrocellular and mature, whereas only a thin layer of immature neointima was seen in PES. Neointimal thickness was less in PES than BMS (0.11+/-0.07 mm versus 0.33+/-0.12 mm; P=0.018). Additionally, extensive para-strut and intramural thrombi, red blood cell debris, and minute luminal thrombi were observed in PES. Despite normal angioscopic appearance of both proximal and distal nonstented reference segments, endothelium-dependent relaxation to substance P was notably diminished (PES, 0+/-7% versus BMS, 10+/-6%; P=0.007), whereas nitroglycerin response was preserved (PES, 9+/-5% versus BMS, 12+/-7%; P=0.34).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the porcine coronary model, overlapping PES is associated with marked intramural thrombi, which was accurately detected on angioscopy at 1 month. Moreover, despite normal luminal angioscopic appearance, adjacent nonstented reference segments demonstrated impaired endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity.
authors.affiliation: Saint Joseph's Translational Research Institute/Saint Joseph's Hospital of Atlanta, GA 30342, USA.
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinke
authors.forename: Jinsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jack P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lakshmana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pendyala
authors.forename: Traci
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goodchild
authors.forename: Refat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jabara
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geva
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chronos
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Dongming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D017546:Angioscopy; D000818:Animals; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013552:Swine; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D017239:Paclitaxel