title: 3,4-diaminopyridine safety in clinical practice: an observational, retrospective cohort study.
abstract: Fatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and has a significant, often underestimated, impact on patients' quality of life. Current management is mainly symptomatic. 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) is a voltage-dependent potassium channel blocker that has been used on a named patient basis in Europe for many years to improve motor function and fatigue in patients with MS and other neuromuscular disorders, and it is undergoing the European approval process for Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). The efficacy and safety of 3,4-DAP as symptomatic therapy in MS have not been widely evaluated. This study aimed to assess the safety profile of 3,4-DAP in routine clinical practice in an observational, retrospective study. The study involved 669 patients of the Rennes Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, France, who were treated with 3,4-DAP for the relief of fatigue during the period 1998-2003. Overall, 18.2% of patients presented adverse drug reactions (ADRs) while using moderate doses of 3,4-DAP (20-30 mg daily or up to 80 mg daily for patients with LEMS) for periods of up to 51 months. The majority of ADRs were mild to moderate and transient or reversible at the end of treatment (mean treatment duration = two months) or after dose adjustment. Most did not require discontinuation. The most commonly observed ADRs were paraesthesias. There was one case of epileptic seizure, one of hepatotoxicity and one of heart palpitations thought 'possibly' to be linked to 3,4-DAP. These underline the need for continued monitoring during treatment with 3,4-DAP.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Unit, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France. laurent.flet@chu-nantes.fr
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flet
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Polard
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guillard
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leray
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Allain
authors.forename: Loïc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Javaudin
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Edan
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000077770:Amifampridine; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D000077770:Amifampridine