title: A simple dietary intervention in the school setting decreased incidence of overweight in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study analyzed the effect of a combined environmental and educational intervention solely promoting water consumption on the incidence of overweight among school children.
  
  
  METHODS
  2,950 second and third graders of 32 elementary schools in socially deprived neighborhoods of two German cities participated in a randomized controlled intervention trial (August 2006-June 2007). In intervention schools (N = 17), water fountains were installed, each child received a water bottle, and teachers performed classroom lessons to promote water consumption. Control schools (N = 15) did not receive any intervention. Body heights and weights were measured at baseline and follow-up to assess the incidence and remission of overweight and obesity during follow-up. The water flow of the fountains was measured regularly during follow-up. Children's beverage consumption was self-reported in 24-hour recall questionnaires before and after intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the intervention, the incidence of overweight was significantly lower in the intervention group (3.8%) than in the control group (6.0%, p = 0.018). Remission of overweight and obesity did not differ between the groups. Measured water flow of the fountains indicated a sustained use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple dietary intervention with the sole focus on the promotion of drinking water effectively reduced the incidence of overweight among school children.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, Germany. muckelbauer@fke-do.de
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muckelbauer
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Libuda
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reinehr
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kersting
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D004326:Drinking; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012572:School Health Services; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014881:Water Supply