title: The sensitivity of the 2- to 4-month-old human infant accommodation system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to compare objectively the sensitivity of the accommodation system in human infants and adults under binocular and monocular viewing conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full-term infants from 2 to 4 months of age and pre-presbyopic adults were presented with a high-contrast cartoon stimulus moving sinusoidally in diopters around a mean position of 2 D (50 cm). Three stimulus amplitudes were used in one trial (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 D), with unpredictable stimulus motion during each amplitude change. Eccentric photorefraction was used to record accommodative responses at 25 Hz. The stimulus was made monocular by placing an infrared filter over the right eye, to block visible light but pass the near-infrared wavelength of the photorefractor and allow responses to be recorded from both eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourier analysis was used to determine the accommodative response at the frequency of the stimulus. Significant signal-to-noise ratios indicated that, on average, the 2- to 4-month-old infants generated an accommodative response to at least the 0.75 D amplitude monocular stimulus and the 0.75 and 0.50 D binocular stimuli. Adults responded to the 0.25 D amplitude both binocularly and monocularly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In infants 2 to 4 months of age, the developing visual system compensates for small changes in defocus relative to the typical amounts of hyperopic refractive error found at that age.
authors.affiliation: Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas 75231, USA. jwang@retinafoundation.org
authors.forename: Jingyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T Rowan
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Candy
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology; D015349:Vision, Monocular / Q000502:physiology