Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) multifunctional composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)) foams exhibiting highly interconnected porosity (85% porosity) were prepared using a unique combination of solvent casting and particulate leaching techniques by employing commercially available sugar cubes as porogen. Bioactive glass (BG) particles of 45S5 Bioglass grade were introduced in the scaffold microstructure, both in micrometer ((m-BG), <5 microm) and nanometer ((n-BG), 30 nm) sizes. The in vitro bioactivity of the P(3HB)/BG foams was confirmed within 10 days of immersion in simulated body fluid and the foams showed high level of protein adsorption. The foams interconnected porous microstructure proved to be suitable for MG-63 osteoblast cell attachment and proliferation. The foams implanted in rats as subcutaneous implants resulted in a non-toxic and foreign body response after one week of implantation. In addition to showing bioactivity and biocompatibility, the P(3HB)/BG composite foams also exhibited bactericidal properties, which was tested on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. An attempt was made at developing multifunctional scaffolds by incorporating, in addition to BG, selected concentrations of Vitamin E or/and carbon nanotubes. P(3HB) scaffolds with multifunctionalities (viz. bactericidal, bioactive, electrically conductive, antioxidative behaviour) were thus produced, which paves the way for next generation of advanced scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Misra
Superb K
SK
Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Natural History Museum, Mineralogy, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, UK.
Ansari
Tahera I
TI
Valappil
Sabeel P
SP
Mohn
Dirk
D
Philip
Sheryl E
SE
Stark
Wendelin J
WJ
Roy
Ipsita
I
Knowles
Jonathan C
JC
Salih
Vehid
V
Boccaccini
Aldo R
AR
D000327:Adsorption / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002516:Ceramics / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D011091:Polyesters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016062:Porosity / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology; D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003470:Culture Media; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D011091:Polyesters; D014810:Vitamin E; C022107:Bioglass; C003182:poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate; D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates