title: [PET-CT for evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule: an update].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-FDG has become an important tool for the characterization of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The results of the main meta-analyses show that the sensitivity and specificity of 18F-FDG PET for determining malignancy of SPN are close to 95% and 80% respectively. The limits of the technology are now well known. False negative results are mainly due to certain histological types with low metabolic activity (such as bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma and typical carcinoid), or small size (nodules less than 8 mm). False positives are mainly represented by granulomatous and infectious processes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A gain in accuracy occurred with the advent of hybrid PET/CT machines that combine the functional data from 18FDG-PET and the morphological data of computed tomography. Improved imaging protocols (eg. injection of iodinated contrast media) could further enhance the performance of PET-CT. Further improvements will rely on respiratory synchronization protocols and on the advent of new PET tracers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  18F-FDG PET-CT should be performed for any nodule over 8 mm in size when the pre-test probability of malignancy is not deemed negligible.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine nucléaire, Pôle Imagerie Cancérologie "PIC", Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. dgroheux@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Groheux
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hindié
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trédaniel
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Giraudet
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vaylet
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berenger
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Moretti
mesh_terms: D003663:Decision Trees; D006801:Humans; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed