title: Phenotypic and molecular characterization of invasive serogroup W135 Neisseria meningitidis strains from 1990 to 2005 in Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135 has been associated with global outbreaks since the 2000 Hajj. Considering that N. meningitidis serogroup W135 is the third most prevalent serogroup isolated in Brazil in the last 10 years, and the possibility that the Hajj-related N. meningitidis serogroup W135 clone has been causing disease in Brazil, the present study characterized invasive N. meningitidis serogroup W135 isolates recovered in Brazil from 1990 to 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  The isolates were characterized by serotyping, PorA and PorB VR typing, FetA and 16S rRNA typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on MLST, 73% of the isolates were clustered in one major clone of ST-11 complex/ET37 complex. Strains of this clone had the same STs, serotypes and PorA VR types as found in Hajj-related N. meningitidis serogroup W135 clone. One of these strains had the Hajj-2000 outbreak strain genotype, including 16S rRNA gene sequence 31 and 84% relatedness by PFGE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these data suggest that the Hajj-related N. meningitidis serogroup W135 clone is present in Brazil but has not yet caused a substantial number of infections. Given the emergence of N. meningitidis serogroup W135 globally and the unpredictability of meningococcal disease epidemiology, continued surveillance for this invasive N. meningitidis serogroup W135 clone is needed for control and prevention strategies.
authors.affiliation: Bacteriology Department, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil. apaula@usp.br
authors.forename: Ana Paula S
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: Lee H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Melina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lenser
authors.forename: Claudio T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Sacchi
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008589:Meningococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D038582:Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup W-135 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012703:Serotyping; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D037521:Virulence Factors