title: [Prevalence of occult chronic kidney disease and associated variables in a population of patients with type 2 diabetes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of occult chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the associated clinical variables in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational, laboratory and cross-sectional study of patients with DM-2 from primary care settings. Demographic and anthropometric data, previous illnesses and measures of cardiovascular risk and kidney function were collected from electronic medical records. We determined the prevalence of occult CKD defined as patients with normal values of plasma creatinine (Cr) and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFr) (< 60 ml/min/1,73 m(2)). The GFr was determined by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample consisted of 3,197 patients, the mean age was 67.7 years (SD = 11.7) and 53.9% were men. The prevalence of CKD according to the MDMR values was 16.6% (n = 532), of which 60.3% (n = 321) corresponded to occult CKD. 6.6% (n = 211) of the participants had CKD with high Cr values. Multivariate analysis showed an association of occult CKD with female sex (OR = 2.7; CI 95% = 1,83-3,99). Occult CKD was associated with age, blood pressure higher than 150/100 mm/Hg and with a history of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease and dyslipemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of CKD is 16.6%, of which 60.3% (n = 321) corresponds to occult CKD. Female sex is associated with the presence of occult CKD.
authors.affiliation: Area Bàsica de Salut d'Anglès, Institut d'Assistència Sanitària de Girona, Girona, España. antoni.rodriguez@ias.scs.es
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Poncelas
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quesada Sabate
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coll De Tuero
authors.forename: Jacint
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caula Ros
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gelada-Batlle
authors.forename: Manuel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gómez-Marcos
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garre-Olmo
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García-Ortiz
authors.forename: Carme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Comalada Daniel
authors.forename: Rafel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramos Blanes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence