title: Bioactivity guided evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Arceuthobium oxycedri (D.C.) M. Bieb.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Arceuthobium oxycedri (D.C.) M. Bieb. (Loranthaceae) or dwarf mistletoe is a rare semi-parasitic plant that lives on the branches of Juniperus oxycedrus as the host plant. In Turkish folk medicine, the plant is prescribed as a panacea for every kind of diseases, including, against infectious and inflammatory disorders of upper respiratory system and gastro-intestinal complaints or as a hypotensive remedy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the current study, in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Arceuthobium oxycedri have been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The crude ethanolic extract of the whole plant was sequentially fractionated into five subextracts; explicitly, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol, and remaining water extracts. Further studies were carried out on the most active subextract, i.e. the EtOAc subextract, was further subjected to fractionation through successive column chromatographic applications on Silica gel 60, Sephadex LH-20 and LiChropep RP-18. For the activity assessment, each extract or fraction was submitted to bioassay systems; carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model for anti-inflammatory activity and p-benzoquinone induced abdominal contraction test for antinociceptive activity assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the extracts obtained, the ethanolic extract, EtOAc and n-butanol subextracts showed significant inhibitory activity in the bioassay systems. From the EtOAc subextract, a major component was isolated and its structure was determined as (+)-catechin by means of spectral techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present study confirms the claimed utilization of the plant against inflammatory complaints in Turkish folk medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esra Küpeli
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Akkol
authors.forename: Ilkay
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kartal
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yeşilada
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028163:Viscaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts