title: Trichostatin A sensitizes cisplatin-resistant A549 cells to apoptosis by up-regulating death-associated protein kinase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of trichostatin A (TSA) in the human lung adenocarcinoma cisplatin-resistant cell line (A549/CDDP) and to examine whether TSA can enhance sensitivity to cisplatin treatment and the underlying molecular mechanisms of such an enhancement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability was evaluated using the Neutral Red assay. Apoptosis was assessed using Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry analysis. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. To determine the role of Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) in TSA-induced apoptosis in the A549/CDDP cell line, cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1(+)-DAPK, which has a higher expression level of DAPK compared to endogenous expression, and DAPK activity was inhibited by both over-expression C-terminal fragment of DAPK which may competitive binding DAPK substrates to inhibit the function of DAPK and RNA interference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TSA induced apoptosis in both A549 cells and A549/CDDP cells. TSA enhanced the sensitivity of A549/CDDP cells to cisplatin, along with concomitant DAPK up-regulation. When DAPK was over-expressed, A549/CDDP cells became sensitive to cisplatin and the cytotoxicity of TSA could be increased. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of TSA could be alleviated by inhibition of DAPK activity by the expression of a recombinant C-terminal fragment of DAPK or RNA interference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TSA induced sensitivity to cisplatin treatment in cisplatin-resistant A549 cells. The up-regulation of DAPK is one of the mechanisms mediating sensitization to TSA-induced apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Cheng-ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Qi-hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Ye-peng
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D064550:Death-Associated Protein Kinases; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; C012589:trichostatin A; D064550:Death-Associated Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002945:Cisplatin