title: Predictors of long-term treatment effect of rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease: a role for beta-amyloid plasma levels?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) are currently the mainstream symptomatic treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). To this end, the response to the treatment with ChEI is clinically difficult to predict. Several demographic, clinical and biological variables have been proposed as pre-treatment predictors of long-term therapy efficacy. The aim of the study was to confirm our initial observations of the significance of a change in plasma levels of beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides after initial treat-ment with rivastigmine for predicting clinical response to ChEI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four carefully selected subjects (37 females) satisfying criteria for mild (n = 25) or moderate (n = 29) AD were included in the study. Rivastigmine was prescribed at the initial dose of 3 mg/day b.i.d.; the dose was escalated to the maximum tolerated one in at least 4-week intervals. The response to treatment was assessed using the ADAS-Cog and CDR scales. Whole blood samples were collected twice: before the first rivastigmine dose and at the 2nd week on active treatment. Levels of Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42) were measured in plasma using a commercially available ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We confirmed that higher initial disease severity (higher ADAS-Cog scores) and the increase in the con-centration of plasma Abeta(1-42) peptide following 2 weeks of treatment with an initial dose of rivastigmine increased the chance of a clinically meaningful response to ChEI therapy in AD patients after 2 years of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A change in plasma Abeta(1-42) level might constitute a novel biochemical predictor of long-term rivastigmine treatment efficacy in AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Czechosłowacka 8/10, 92-216 Łódź, Poland. tmsobow@csk.umed.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sobów
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kłoszewska
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flirski
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liberski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000097:blood*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000068836:Rivastigmine; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D000068836:Rivastigmine