title: Preliminary assessment of Apache hopefulness: Relationships with hopelessness and with collective as well as personal self-esteem.
abstract: Hopelessness is central to prominent mental health problems within American Indian (AI) communities. Apaches living on a reservation in Arizona responded to diverse expressions of hope along with Hopelessness, Personal Self-Esteem, and Collective Self-Esteem scales. An Apache Hopefulness Scale expressed five themes of hope and correlated negatively with Hopelessness and positively with both Collective and Personal Self-Esteem. These data confirmed the potential of conducting more extensive analyses of hope within AI tribal life.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA. paul-watson@utc.edu <paul-watson@utc.edu>
authors.forename: Vanessa Lea
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: D Lisa
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Cothran
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D001130:Arizona / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D011594:Psychometrics; D012649:Self Concept; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012933:Social Identification; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires