title: Vascular smooth muscle contraction/relaxation of rat carotid artery is not altered by bone grafting substitutes in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the effects of various bone grafting substitutes (Osteosponge, Perioglas, Tutoplast, and Surgibone) on vascular smooth muscle tonus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral carotid arteries were removed from rats and contraction/relaxation of isolated vessel rings were measured before and after contact with the biomaterials and then, for dose-dependent epinephrine and papaverin administrations, by a force displacement transducer. The data of each biomaterial group were collected by a computerized system and corresponding software at a sample rate of 1,000 kHz and were converted to contraction force.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vascular contraction forces were influenced in response to biomaterials tested except for Osteosponge (P < 0.05), although the differences between groups were insignificant (P > 0.05). There was a dose-dependent vascular response to epinephrine and papaverine administration upon biomaterial contact (P < 0.05). The dose-dependent vascular responses to epinephrine and papaverine administration were almost similar for all biomaterials tested (P < 0.05), suggesting that the biomaterials led to reversible effects on vascular contraction/relaxation behavior, which resulted in recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Osteosponge, Perioglas, Tutoplast, and Surgibone do not alter vascular smooth muscle tonus and vitality and therefore would, presumably, not jeopardize the angiogenesis of fresh blood vessels and full vascularization during tissue healing.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey. atilae@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ahmet Atila
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ertan
authors.forename: Nilufer Celebi
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Beriat
authors.forename: Aylin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gürpinar
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Onur
authors.forename: Murat Cavit
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cehreli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001857:Bone Matrix; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects; D002516:Ceramics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D023421:Models, Animal; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D010208:Papaverine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012984:Software; D014159:Transducers; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C022107:Bioglass; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D017886:Durapatite; D010208:Papaverine; D004837:Epinephrine