title: [Unexpected increase of human and animal tularemia cases during winter 2007/2008 in France: Emergence or short-lasting episode?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.
authors.affiliation: Institut de veille sanitaire, 12/14, rue du val d'Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France. a.mailles@invs.sante.fr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mailles
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Madani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maurin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Garin-Bastuji
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vaillant
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D034621:Hares; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012621:Seasons; D014406:Tularemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D055815:Young Adult