title: Increased mucosal expression of GATA-3 and STAT-4 in pediatric ulcerative colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels are frequently elevated in the acute phase of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because the role of pro-inflammatory cytokine in the acute phase of pediatric IBD has not been well investigated, the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of Th1 and Th2 signaling molecules in mucosa from the acute phase of pediatric IBD were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty children with ulcerative colitis (UC; mean age, 9.95 ± 4.10 years) and 12 with Crohn's disease (CD; mean age, 10.0 ± 4.90 years) were enrolled for the serum cytokine (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor growth factor-β1, and interferon-γ) assay. Expression of T-helper cell 1 (Th1) (T-box expressed in T cells: T-bet and signal transducer and activator of transcription-4: STAT-4) and Th2 (GATA-3 and STAT-6) signaling molecules was examined on real-time polymerase chain reaction using mucosal samples from eight children in the acute phase of UC, eight with CD and eight controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant elevation of serum IL-4 and IL-6 levels was detected at the acute phase of pediatric UC and CD compared with levels at remission (P < 0.05 in each). The mucosal expression of GATA-3 and STAT-4 was significantly enhanced in the acute phase of pediatric UC compared with normal mucosa. No significant difference was observed in the expression of all examined molecules in the acute phase of pediatric CD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-4 and its signaling molecule GATA-3, as well as the Th1 signaling molecule STAT-4, are involved in the pathogenesis of acute phase of pediatric UC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtani
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: Tamaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikuse
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.forename: Yo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002648:Child; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000378:metabolism*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D015850:Interleukin-6; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor; C494090:STAT4 protein, human; D015847:Interleukin-4