title: Gangrenous cheilitis associated with all-trans retinoic acid therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia.
abstract: A 67-year-old Japanese woman who presented with erythema on the abdomen and pancytopenia was found to have acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). A skin biopsy revealed invasion of APL cells. She was started on induction treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) at 45 mg/m(2). On day 4, the leukemic cell number had increased to over 1.0 x 10(9)/L. Consequently, chemotherapy with idarubicin and cytarabine was initiated. On day 10, dryness of the lips appeared. The lower lip swelled and developed painful black eschars. A high fever was also present. Despite discontinuing ATRA on day 20 and administering antibiotics, an anti-fungal agent and valaciclovir, these signs did not improve. Histopathologically, the biopsied lip revealed infiltration of neutrophils and vasculitis. The patient was given ATRA on days 29 and 30 due to an increase in APL cell numbers, after which the gangrenous cheilitis extended over the whole lip. On day 49, the patient was started on re-induction treatment with arsenic trioxide. She achieved complete remission and the gangrenous cheilitis slowly healed over the following 8 weeks. Since the clinical features of the gangrenous cheilitis in this case were similar to those of ATRA-associated scrotal ulcers, it appears that activated neutrophils derived from differentiated APL cells may have caused the gangrenous cheilitis. Physicians should be alert to the development of gangrenous cheilitis during treatment with ATRA.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Noriyasu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itamura
authors.forename: Chisako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Urata
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokoo
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisatomi
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tomimasu
authors.forename: Eisaburo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sueoka
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001706:Biopsy; D002613:Cheilitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005734:Gangrene / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001152:Arsenicals; D010087:Oxides; D014212:Tretinoin; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide