title: Triaxial modulation of the acceleration induced in the lower extremity during whole-body vibration training: a pilot study.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to quantify vibration transmissibility through the lower extremity during exercise on a whole-body vibration (WBV) platform. Six healthy adults completed 20 trials of 30-second static squat exercise at 30 or 40 degrees of knee flexion angle on a WBV platform working at combinations of 5 frequencies (VF: 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 Hz) and 2 amplitudes (VA: low, 1.5 mm or high, 3 mm). Accelerations induced by the platform were recorded simultaneously at the shank and the thigh using triaxial accelerometers positioned at the segmental center of mass. Root-mean-square (RMS) acceleration amplitude and transmission ratios between the platform and the leg segments were calculated and compared between the experimental conditions. An alpha level of 0.05 was set to establish significance. Shank vertical acceleration was greatest at the lower VF (p = 0.028), higher VA (p = 0.028), and deeper squat (p = 0.048). Thigh vertical acceleration was not affected by depth of squat (p = 0.25), but it was greatest at higher VA (p = 0.046) and lower VF (p = 0.028). Medial-lateral shank acceleration was greatest at higher VF and deeper squat (both p = 0.046) and at higher VA (p = 0.028). Medial-lateral thigh acceleration was positively related to both VF (p = 0.046) and VA (p = 0.028) but was not affected by knee angle (p = 0.46). Anterior-posterior shank acceleration was higher at deeper squat (p = 0.046) and at lower VF and higher VA (both p = 0.028). Anterior-posterior thigh acceleration was related positively to the VA (p = 0.028), inversely to the VF (p = 0.028), and not dependent on knee angle (p = 0.75). Identification of specific vibration parameters and posture, which underpin WBV training efficacy, will enable coaches and athletes to design WBV training programs to specifically target shank or thigh muscles for enhanced performance.
authors.affiliation: Sport and Exercise Research Centre, Academy of Sport, Physical Activity and Well-Being, FESBE, London South Bank University, London, England. cookdp@lsbu.ac.uk
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Katya N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Mileva
authors.forename: Darren C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Lisa N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Zaidell
authors.forename: Victor G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Goss
authors.forename: Joanna L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bowtell
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014732:Vibration