title: Three-dimensional ultrasound in the diagnosis of Müllerian duct anomalies and concordance with magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the value of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in the diagnosis of uterine malformations and its concordance with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 286 women diagnosed with uterine malformation by 3D ultrasound, having been referred to our clinics on suspicion of uterine malformation following clinical and/or conventional two-dimensional ultrasound examination. With the exception of three with intact hymen, patients underwent both bimanual examination and speculoscopy before and/or after sonography. MRI was performed in 65 cases. We analyzed the diagnostic concordance between the techniques in the study of uterine malformations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using 3D ultrasound we diagnosed: one case with uterine agenesis; 10 with unicornuate uterus, four of which also underwent MRI; six with didelphic uterus, one of which had MRI; 45 with bicornuate uterus, 12 of which had MRI; 125 with septate uterus (18 with two cervices), 42 of which had MRI (six with two cervices); 96 with arcuate uterus, three of which had MRI; and three with diethylstilbestrol (DES) iatrogenic uterine malformations, all of which had MRI. Among the 65 which underwent MRI, the diagnosis was: four cases with unicornuate uterus, 10 with bicornuate uterus (two with two cervices), 45 with septate uterus (five with two cervices), three with arcuate uterus and three with DES-related uterine malformations. The concordance between 3D ultrasound and MRI was very good (kappa index, 0.880 (95% CI, 0.769-0.993)). Discrepancies in diagnosis between the two techniques occurred in four cases. There was very good concordance in the diagnosis of associated findings (kappa index, 0.878 (95% CI, 0.775-0.980)), this analysis identifying differences in two cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high degree of concordance between 3D ultrasound and MRI in the diagnosis of uterine malformations, the relationship between cavity and fundus being visualized equally well with both techniques. 3D ultrasound should be complemented by careful gynecological exploration in order to identify any alterations in the cervix.
authors.affiliation: Gabinete Médico Velazquez, Madrid, Spain. carminabermejo@yahoo.es
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bermejo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martínez Ten
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cantarero
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez Pedregosa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrón
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Labrador
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ruiz López
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009095:Mullerian Ducts / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities*