title: Increased inflammation, reduced plasma phospholipid eicosapentaenoic acid and reduced antioxidant potential of treated hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we tested whether the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) would worsen the features of inflammation, plasma omega 3 fatty acid levels and antioxidant potential in treated hypertensive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  TWO GROUPS WERE CLASSIFIED BY THE COMPONENTS OF METS: a reference group of treated hypertensive subjects: hypertension (HTN) group (n = 39) and with more than two additional MetS components: HTN with Mets group (n = 40). We further compared the parameters between HTN group and HTN with MetS group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that age (p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) were significantly different between HTN group and HTN with MetS group. Age- and BMI-adjusted total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) (p < 0.01) was significantly lower, whereas age- and BMI-adjusted CD (p < 0.05) and interleukin (IL) 6 (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in HTN with MetS group than in HTN group. Moreover, HTN with MetS group had significantly lower levels of age- and BMI-adjusted plasma phospholipid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) than HTN group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the levels of age- and BMI-adjusted intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), adiponectin and high molecular weight (HMW)-adiponectin were not significantly different between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, our results showed increased inflammatory marker, reduced antioxidant potential and EPA levels in treated hypertensive patients in the presence of MetS, suggesting the importance of changes of therapeutic lifestyle to modify the features of MetS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Borum
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Sungha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang-Hak
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chi Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Eunju
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Namsik
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000367:Age Factors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid