title: The mechanisms for enhanced oral absorption of hydroxysafflor yellow A by chuanxiong volatile oil.
abstract: The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of ligusticum chuanxiong volatile oil (CVO) on the oral absorption of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA). The effects were studied both IN VITRO and IN VIVO. The contents of CVO were measured by GC-MS. The Caco-2 cell model was used to evaluate HSYA permeation with or without the presence of CVO. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the Caco-2 cell monolayers was monitored and the alteration in the subcellular localization of claudin-1, the tight junction protein, was observed by immunofluorescence. The irritation of CVO on rat intestine was studied by paraffin slice technology. Our results demonstrated that CVO mainly contained ligustilide (47.82 %). The Papp of HSYA was improved by 5.34-fold and 4.62-fold in the presence of 0.02 mg/mL and 0.01 mg/mL of CVO, respectively. After opening of the tight junctions of the Caco-2 cell monolayer, TEER decreased, the position of claudin-1 changed, and its expression increased. CVO at different concentrations (10, 25, 100 and 200 mg/kg) caused no significant irritation on rat intestine. The bioavailability of HSYA in rats was increased by 6.48-fold and 4.91-fold when 100 and 25 mg/kg of CVO were co-administrated, respectively. CVO was an effective absorption enhancer for oral delivery of BCS III drugs. It can cause redistribution of claudin-1 proteins and open the tight junctions.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Minjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Qineng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Jiangran
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peddie
authors.forename: Yunmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002599:Chalcone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D030004:Ligusticum; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D011809:Quinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D011809:Quinones; C085278:hydroxysafflor yellow A; D002599:Chalcone; C101574:chuangxiong extract