title: Bmp2 and Bmp4 exert opposing effects in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 2 receptor ligand, Bmp2, is upregulated in the peripheral pulmonary vasculature during hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). This contrasts with the expression of Bmp4, which is expressed in respiratory epithelia throughout the lung. Unlike heterozygous null Bmp4 mice (Bmp4(LacZ/+)), which are protected from the development of hypoxic PH, mice that are heterozygous null for Bmp2 (Bmp2(+/-)) develop more severe hypoxic PH than their wild-type littermates. This is associated with reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and activity in the pulmonary vasculature of hypoxic Bmp2(+/-) but not Bmp4(LacZ/+) mutant mice. Furthermore, exogenous BMP2 upregulates eNOS expression and activity in intrapulmonary artery and pulmonary endothelial cell preparations, indicating that eNOS is a target of Bmp2 signaling in the pulmonary vasculature. Together, these data demonstrate that Bmp2 and Bmp4 exert opposing roles in hypoxic PH and suggest that the protective effects of Bmp2 are mediated by increasing eNOS expression and activity in the hypoxic pulmonary vasculature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Univ. Medical Center, Division of Nephrology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lowery
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Novitskaya
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mortlock
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: de Caestecker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007763:Lac Operon; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000502:physiology; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse