title: Surgical treatment of complex distal humeral fractures: functional outcome after internal fixation using precontoured anatomic plates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have shown good results with internal fixation of distal humeral fractures; however, few have focused specifically on anatomic parallel plate fixation using the same implant and postoperative regimen. The purpose of this study was to determine the functional outcome after open reduction and internal fixation of these complex fractures using parallel precontoured anatomic plates.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective single-surgeon series involving 16 patients (12 women, 4 men) treated with a double-column parallel plating technique. Clinical assessment included the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score (DASH). Mean age was 43 years (range, 20-78 years). Average follow-up was 35 months. Four fractures were AO type A and 12 were AO type C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Union was achieved in all patients. There was no superficial or deep infection or hardware failure. Two patients required removal of plates for pain and prominence but not all screws could be completely removed. The mean flexion was 132 degrees and extension was 29 degrees . The mean DASH score was 46.1. Grip strength was 56% of the uninjured side. Mean flexion and extension force was 72% and 70%, respectively, of the uninjured elbow. The mean MEPS score was 72.3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anatomically precontoured parallel plates are effective in achieving bony union with low implant failure with acceptable functional outcomes. However, screw extraction can be difficult when the implant is removed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Birmingham City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. kanthan@hotmail.co.uk
authors.forename: Kanthan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Theivendran
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Duggan
authors.forename: Subodh C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001860:Bone Plates; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult