title: Occurrence of a pig respiratory disease associated with swine influenza A (H1N2) virus in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.
abstract: In February 2008, a feeder pig herd of the affected farm in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan, showed increasing respiratory symptoms; by April, the situation worsened with 12-16 pigs dying daily. Diagnostic tests revealed the presence of H1N2 subtype of swine influenza virus (SIV) and Pasteurella multocida from nasal swab and lung emulsion. Serological tests by hemagglutination inhibition method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA; imported from U.S.A.) indicated the spread of SIV into the pig herds of the affected farm around April 2008. The severe infection and subsequent damage were considered as a result of the combined infection of SIV (H1N2) and bacteria that may have been prevalent in the pig farm. Genetic homology search of sequences for the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of A/swine/Tochigi/1/08 showed high homology to Japanese SIVs (H1N2) isolated in the 2000s. Therefore, we considered that Japanese SIV (H1N2) has established an independent stable lineage and participated in infecting pig populations as one of the factors of the pig respiratory disease complex. Consistent surveillance would contribute to clarifying the prevalence of dominant SIVs.
authors.affiliation: Central Animal Hygiene Service Center of Tochigi Prefecture. yoneyamas01@pref.tochigi.lg.jp
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoneyama
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Usami
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takemae
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057221:Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D007564:Japan; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000821:virology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral