title: Nutrient-based dietary patterns and laryngeal cancer: evidence from an exploratory factor analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The issue of diet and laryngeal cancer has been rarely addressed considering the potential role of dietary patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined this association using data from a case-control study carried out between 1992 and 2000. Cases were 460 histologically confirmed incident laryngeal cancers hospitalized in two Italian areas. Controls were 1,088 subjects hospitalized for acute nonneoplastic diseases unrelated to tobacco or alcohol consumption. Dietary habits were investigated through a 78-item food frequency questionnaire. A posteriori dietary patterns were identified through principal component factor analysis carried out on a selected set of 28 major nutrients. The internal reproducibility, robustness, and reliability of the identified patterns were evaluated. Odds ratios (OR) of laryngeal cancer and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models on quartiles of factor scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified five major dietary patterns named "animal products," "starch-rich," "vitamins and fiber," "vegetable unsaturated fatty acids," and "animal unsaturated fatty acids." The vitamins and fiber dietary pattern was inversely associated with laryngeal cancer (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.24-0.52 for the highest versus the lowest score quartile), whereas the animal products (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.59-3.45) and the animal unsaturated fatty acids (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.42-3.01) patterns were directly associated with it. There was no significant association between the vegetable unsaturated fatty acids and the starch-rich patterns and laryngeal cancer risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that diets rich in animal products and animal fats are directly related, and those rich in fruit and vegetables inversely related, to laryngeal cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria Giulio A. Maccacaro, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Venezian, 1, 20133 Milan, Italy. valeria.edefonti@unimi.it
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Edefonti
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bravi
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Garavello
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parpinel
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: Luigino
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dal Maso
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bosetti
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferraroni
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Decarli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008461:Meat Products / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012306:Risk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D014815:Vitamins