Recent advances in the understanding of drug-mediated infusion reactions and cytokine release syndrome.
Infusion reactions and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) are an emerging issue in drug development and are of particular importance with the development of new therapeutic proteins. Increasing concerns regarding patient safety require a better understanding of the mechanism involved and the development of novel methods for preventing and predicting such reactions and CRS. This review discusses developments during the past few years in understanding the mechanisms that cause infusion reactions and CRS, advances in approaches to prevent CRS, the reason why preclinical animal models are unreliable predictors of CRS, and new developments in the design and analysis of in vitro screening systems for the prediction of CRS.
Walker
Mindi
M
Centocor R&D, Toxicology and Investigational Pharmacology, R-4-2, Radnor, PA 19087, USA.
Makropoulos
Dorie
D
Achuthanandam
Ram
R
Bugelski
Peter J
PJ
D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; D011961:Receptors, Fc