title: Academic achievement and adolescent drug use: an examination of reciprocal effects and correlated growth trajectories.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The primary aim was to examine correlated growth trajectories and reciprocal effects between academic achievement and drug use over the course of junior high school.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and three male and 98 female students from 3 rural junior high schools were surveyed 4 times over the course of 3 years. Dual trajectory latent growth models were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Growth trajectories of school achievement and drug use over the course of junior high were highly correlated. Students who demonstrated deteriorating achievement during the course of junior high school showed an increase in drug use during this same time frame. Cross-process regressions indicated that students who demonstrated superior academic achievement in sixth grade exhibited a shallower rate of increase in drug use (ie, their drug use escalated to a lesser extent).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The processes of academic disengagement (as marked by deteriorating grades) and drug use during adolescence appear to be related to one another. Prevention initiatives aimed at keeping adolescents academically engaged in school may have protective benefits against escalation of drug use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1876, USA. kim.henry@colostate.edu
authors.forename: Kimberly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Henry
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D003625:Data Collection; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010414:Pennsylvania; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012424:Rural Population; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs