title: Corneal surface reconstruction using adult mesenchymal stem cells in experimental limbal stem cell deficiency in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to transdifferentiate to corneal epithelial cells in experimental limbal stem cell deficiency in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total limbal stem cell deficiency was produced in 21 right eyes of 21 New Zealand rabbits; 6 eyes served as controls (group 1, G1). After removal of the conjunctival overgrowth, five eyes received amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT; G2). In four eyes, autologous limbal stem cell transplantation from the healthy eye was performed with AMT (G3). In another six eyes, enriched autologous MSC were injected under the amniotic membrane (AM) (G4). Within 280 days, corneoscleral discs were analysed for goblet cells, cytokeratin (CK) 3/12, connexin 43, β(1) -integrin, CK 19, α-enolase, p63 and ATP-binding cassette transporter subtype G-2 (ABCG-2) distribution patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cultivated MSC were positive for CK 3/12 and α-enolase, but negative for ABCG-2, p63 and connexin 43. On rabbit corneas, CK 3/12 was expressed in all corneal regions in all groups, but with significantly different intensities. Among all other parameters, expression levels of ABCG-2, β(1) -integrin and connexin 43 were significantly different between the transplanted groups and the control group. After a mean follow-up time of 172 (47-280) days, goblet cells were rarely present in the central cornea (G1-4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CK 3/12 is not highly specific for differentiated corneal epithelium. Further, goblet cells are not a reliable marker for conjunctivalization in rabbits. Expression of ABCG-2, β(1)-integrin and connexin 43 after mesenchymal stem cell transplantation may indicate their ability to maintain their stem cell character or to transdifferentiate to epithelial progenitor cells.
authors.affiliation: Eye Center, Clinic Pallas, Olten, Switzerland. helga.reinshagen-spelsberg@klinik-pallas.ch
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reinshagen
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Auw-Haedrich
authors.forename: Ruediger V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Sorg
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boehringer
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eberwein
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwartzkopff
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sundmacher
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reinhard
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000637:transplantation; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation / Q000502:physiology; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003646:Debridement; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020397:Goblet Cells; D019850:Heptanol / Q000633:toxicity; D016850:Limbus Corneae / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019850:Heptanol