Modern management and pathophysiology of ranula: literature review.
BACKGROUND
There is a lack of consensus about the appropriate treatment of ranula. The objective of the present investigation was to produce a scientific basis for treatment.


METHODS
A review of the relevant literature is interpreted in the light of improved knowledge about the local anatomy and the pathophysiology of the salivary glands.


RESULTS
The oral and plunging ranulas are cystic extravasation mucoceles that arise from the sublingual gland and usually from a torn duct of Rivinus. The sublingual gland is a spontaneous secretor and the salivary flow is resistant to obstruction, which is caused by fibrosis induced by the extravasation. The submandibular gland is not a spontaneous secretor, is less resistant, and does not give rise to ranulas.


CONCLUSIONS
Effective treatment is removal of the involved unit of the sublingual gland or inducing sufficient fibrosis to seal the leak through which the mucus extravasates.
Harrison
John D
JD
Department of Oral Pathology, King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D011900:Ranula / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D013361:Sublingual Gland / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery