title: Malignant mesothelioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mesothelioma is a malignant tumour of the pleura or peritoneum caused by asbestos. It is increasing in frequency and the prognosis remains grim, with average survival around 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical literature and personal experience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amphibole fibres are far more potent than chrysotile in causing mesothelioma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A minority view suggests that mesotheliomas in those exposed to chrysotile are caused only by tremolite (an amphibole) which contaminates chrysotile. There is a hypothesis, for which evidence is weakening, that Simian virus 40 may cause mesothelioma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is emerging evidence of genetic variation in susceptibility to fibre carcinogenesis. There are developments in treatment, particularly chemotherapy with pemetrexed and cisplatin which prolongs survival and helps symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeted agents for treatment are under investigation and may improve the outlook. The role of radical and palliative surgery requires clarification.
authors.affiliation: London Lung Cancer Group, 54 New Cavendish Street, London, UK. dr@robinrudd.com
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rudd
mesh_terms: D001194:Asbestos / Q000633:toxicity; D017636:Asbestos, Amphibole / Q000633:toxicity; D017632:Asbestos, Serpentine / Q000633:toxicity; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D017636:Asbestos, Amphibole; D017632:Asbestos, Serpentine; D001194:Asbestos; C005846:tremolite