Active principle of kimchi, 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid, retards fatty streak formation at aortic sinus of apolipoprotein E knockout mice.
We examined the beneficial effects of an active principle in kimchi, 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HDMPPA), on atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE KO) mice. ApoE KO mice were fed an atherogenic diet containing 1% cholesterol (control group) with an intraperitoneal injection of chemically synthesized HDMPPA (10 mg/kg/day) (HDMPPA group) for 8 weeks. The aortic sinus atherosclerotic lesion size in the HDMPPA group (n = 10) was significantly smaller (control vs. HDMPPA, 280,790 vs. 165,409 microm(2), P < .001). The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the HDMPPA group was lower by 14%, compared with the control group (P < .05). Aortic NADPH oxidase activity was significantly lower in the HDMPPA group than in the control group. HDMPPA suppressed the mRNA expression of p47phox and rac-1 of NADPH oxidase by 27.2% and 46.0%, respectively, compared with values of the control group. In conclusion, HDMPPA in kimchi may attenuate atherosclerosis in apoE KO mice through retardation of ROS generation via down-regulating the mRNA expression of p47phox and rac-1, which are the components of NADPH oxidase.
Noh
Jeong Sook
JS
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Kim
Hyun Ju
HJ
Kwon
Myung Ja
MJ
Song
Yeong Ok
YO
D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011422:Propionates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012850:Sinus of Valsalva / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
C526155:3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008055:Lipids; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011422:Propionates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019255:NADPH Oxidases