title: Attending and resident satisfaction with feedback in the emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effective feedback is critical to medical education. Little is known about emergency medicine (EM) attending and resident physician perceptions of feedback. The focus of this study was to examine perceptions of the educational feedback that attending physicians give to residents in the clinical environment of the emergency department (ED). The authors compared attending and resident satisfaction with real-time feedback and hypothesized that the two groups would report different overall satisfaction with the feedback they currently give and receive in the ED.
  
  
  METHODS
  This observational study surveyed attending and resident physicians at 17 EM residency programs through web-based surveys. The primary outcome was overall satisfaction with feedback in the ED, ranked on a 10-point scale. Additional survey items addressed specific aspects of feedback. Responses were compared using a linear generalized estimating equation (GEE) model for overall satisfaction, a logistic GEE model for dichotomized responses, and an ordinal logistic GEE model for ordinal responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred seventy-three of 525 (71%) attending physicians and 356 of 596 (60%) residents completed the survey. Attending physicians were more satisfied with overall feedback (mean score 5.97 vs. 5.29, p < 0.001) and with timeliness of feedback (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23 to 2.00; p < 0.001) than residents. Attending physicians were also more likely to rate the quality of feedback as very good or excellent for positive feedback, constructive feedback, feedback on procedures, documentation, management of ED flow, and evidence-based decision-making. Attending physicians reported time constraints as the top obstacle to giving feedback and were more likely than residents to report that feedback is usually attending initiated (OR = 7.09, 95% CI = 3.53 to 14.31; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attending physician satisfaction with the quality, timeliness, and frequency of feedback given is higher than resident physician satisfaction with feedback received. Attending and resident physicians have differing perceptions of who initiates feedback and how long it takes to provide effective feedback. Knowledge of these differences in perceptions about feedback may be used to direct future educational efforts to improve feedback in the ED.
authors.affiliation: Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. yarrisl@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Lalena M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Yarris
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gene Hern
authors.forename: Cedric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nestler
authors.forename: Rongwei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: LaMantia
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brunett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007721:Knowledge of Results, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D013663:Teaching