title: Monoclonal antibodies in MS: mechanisms of action.
abstract: The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) presents an emerging, highly specific therapeutic strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). mAbs target selective molecules and have shown early promise, along with notable risks, in the treatment of MS and other immune-mediated diseases. The mechanism of action of the 4 mAbs under active investigation for MS (natalizumab, rituximab, alemtuzumab, and daclizumab) are reviewed, with a discussion of how mAb interaction with each target antigen may produce direct and indirect effects (proven and hypothesized) on immune cell activity, CNS-related inflammatory processes, and clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunological Diseases Unit, National Institute NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Bibi.Bielekova@nih.gov
authors.forename: Bibiana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bielekova
authors.forename: Brenda L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors