title: Migraine in junior high-school students: A prospective 3-academic-year cohort study.
abstract: Migraine is a common childhood illness with expected favorable outcome. A study of the long-term clinical course of childhood migraine will provide information of evolution of migraine. A cohort study for 3-academic-year was conducted in Thai junior high-school children from July 2005 to February 2008 to determine the clinical course of migraine. Two hundred and forty-eight students in four junior high schools diagnosed with migraine according to ICHD-II in July 2005 were recruited. Each student was serially evaluated twice yearly from 7th grade during each semester of the academic year until the second semester of 9th grade. Determination of the characteristics, severity, frequency, and treatment of headache were obtained by questionnaire and direct interview. At the final evaluation, clinical course of headache was categorized into seven patterns. Among enrolled students, 209 (84.3%) completed the study. Twenty-eight (13.5%) students had no recurrent headache while that of 153 (73.5%) improved. No improvement of migraine and worsened migraine were observed in four students (1.8%) and 24 students (11.2%), respectively. Spontaneous remission and avoidance of precipitating causes contributed to relief of migraine in the majority of the students. Stress-related daily school activities and inadequate rest were reported as common precipitating factors among students with non-improving or worsening outcome. Chronic daily headache and tension-type headache was observed in 6 and 30 students, respectively. This study confirms that clinical course of migraine in schoolchildren is benign. Frequency and intensity of headache can be reduced with reassurance and appropriate guidance. Early recognition and appropriate prevention of migraine attack will decrease the risk of chronic migraine and disease burden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. raavs@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Anannit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Visudtibhan
authors.forename: Lunliya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thampratankul
authors.forename: Chaiyos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Khongkhatithum
authors.forename: Chusak
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Okascharoen
authors.forename: Vorasith
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Siripornpanich
authors.forename: Surang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiemchanya
authors.forename: Pongsakdi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Visudhiphan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D013332:Student Dropouts; D013334:Students; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000453:epidemiology