Can we identify a power-oriented polygenic profile?
Using the model originally developed by Williams and Folland (J Physiol 586: 113-121, 2008), we determined 1) a "total genotype score" (TGS, from the accumulated combination of the 6 polymorphisms, with a maximum value of "100" for the theoretically optimal polygenic score) in a group of elite power athletes, endurance athletes, and nonathletic controls, and 2) the probability for the occurrence of Spanish individuals with the "perfect" power-oriented profile (i.e., TGS = 100). We analyzed six polymorphism that are candidates to explain individual variations in elite power athletic status or power phenotypes (ACE I/D, ACTN3 R577X, AGT Met235Thr, GDF-8 K153R, IL6 -174 G/C, and NOS3 -786T>C) in 53 elite track and field power athletes (jumpers, sprinters), 100 nonathletic controls, and 100 elite endurance athletes (distance runners and road cyclists) (all Spanish Caucasian males). The mean TGS was significantly higher in power athletes (70.8 +/- 17.3) compared with endurance athletes (60.4 +/- 15.9; P < 0.001) and controls (63.3 +/- 13.2; P = 0.012), whereas it did not differ between the latter two groups (P = 0.366). A total of five power athletes (9.4%, all sprinters) had a theoretically "optimal" TGS of 100 vs. 0 subjects in the other two groups. The probability of a Spanish individual possessing a theoretically optimal polygenic profile for up to the six candidate polymorphisms we studied was very small, i.e., approximately 0.2% (or 1 in 500 Spanish individuals). We have identified a polygenic profile that allows us, at least partly, to distinguish elite power athletes from both endurance athletes and nonathletic population.
Ruiz
Jonatan R
JR
Dept. of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14157, Sweden. ruizj@ugr.es
Arteta
David
D
Buxens
Amaya
A
Artieda
Marta
M
Gómez-Gallego
Félix
F
Santiago
Catalina
C
Yvert
Thomas
T
Morán
María
M
Lucia
Alejandro
A
D000185:Actinin / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics; D056352:Athletes; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D020412:Multifactorial Inheritance; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000235:genetics*; D055435:Myostatin / Q000235:genetics; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012372:ROC Curve; D013030:Spain; D014142:Track and Field; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
C118456:ACTN3 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; C525911:MSTN protein, human; D055435:Myostatin; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D000185:Actinin; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A