title: Phylogenetic status of Xylaria subgenus Pseudoxylaria among taxa of the subfamily Xylarioideae (Xylariaceae) and phylogeny of the taxa involved in the subfamily.
abstract: To infer the phylogenetic relationships of Xylaria species associated with termite nests within the genus Xylaria and among genera of the subfamily Xylarioideae, beta-tubulin, RPB2, and alpha-actin sequences of 131 cultures of 114 species from Xylaria and 11 other genera of the subfamily were analyzed. These 11 genera included Astrocystis, Amphirosellinia, Discoxylaria, Entoleuca, Euepixylon, Kretzschmaria, Nemania, Podosordaria, Poronia, Rosellinia, and Stilbohypoxylon. We showed that Xylaria species were distributed among three major clades, TE, HY, and PO, with clade TE-an equivalent of the subgenus Pseudoxylaria-encompassing exclusively those species associated with termite nests and the other two clades containing those associated with substrates other than termite nests. Xylaria appears to be a paraphyletic genus, with most of the 11 genera submerged within it. Podosordaria and Poronia, which formed a distinct clade, apparently diverged from Xylaria and the other genera early. Species of Entoleuca, Euepixylon, Nemania, and Rosellinia constituted clade NR, a major clade sister to clade PO, while those of Kretzschmaria were inserted within clade HY and those of Astrocystis, Amphirosellinia, Discoxylaria, and Stilbohypoxylon were within clade PO.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huei-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Chun-Ru
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Mei-Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Jack D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lechat
authors.forename: Yu-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ju
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D020049:Isoptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics; D013098:Xylariales / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D014404:Tubulin