title: The relationship between CA/C ratio and individual differences in dynamic accommodative responses while viewing stereoscopic images.
abstract: The oculomotor synergy as expressed by the CA/C and AC/A ratios was investigated to examine its influence on our previous observation that whereas convergence responses to stereoscopic images are generally stable, some individuals exhibit significant accommodative overshoot. Using a modified video refraction unit while viewing a stereoscopic LCD, accommodative and convergence responses to balanced and unbalanced vergence and focal stimuli (BVFS and UBVFS) were measured. Accommodative overshoot of at least 0.3 D was found in 3 out of 8 subjects for UBVFS. The accommodative response differential (RD) was taken to be the difference between the initial response and the subsequent mean static steady-state response. Without overshoot, RD was quantified by finding the initial response component. A mean RD of 0.11 +/- 0.27 D was found for the 1.0 D step UBVFS condition. The mean RD for the BVFS was 0.00 +/- 0.17 D. There was a significant positive correlation between CA/C ratio and RD (r = +0.75, n = 8, p < 0.05) for only UBVFS. We propose that inter-subject variation in RD is influenced by the CA/C ratio as follows: an initial convergence response, induced by disparity of the image, generates convergence-driven accommodation commensurate with the CA/C ratio; the associated transient defocus subsequently decays to a balanced position between defocus-induced and convergence-induced accommodations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. fukushima@vision.phys.waseda.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torii
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ukai
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wolffsohn
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gilmartin
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D015357:Vision Disparity / Q000502:physiology; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult