title: Immunome and venome of Bothrops jararacussu: a proteomic approach to study the molecular immunology of snake toxins.
abstract: A combination of anti-bothropic and anti-crotalic sera has been reported to be more effective in neutralizing the effects of Bothrops jararacussu venom than anti-bothropic serum alone. The role of proteins from B. jararacussu venom in the horse immune response was evaluated via the analysis of cross-reactivity with homologous and heterologous sera. Many of the proteins in B. jararacussu venom were identified via 2D gel electrophoresis. Western blots revealed that anti-jararacussu showed higher reactivity to l-aminoxidase (LAOs) and snake venom metalloproteinase, (SVMPs) and weaker reactivity towards Snake venom serine proteases (SVSPs), PLA(2), C-type lectin and cysteine-rich proteins. Anti-jararaca preferentially recognized LAOs, SVMPs and SVSPs. Both of these sera failed to recognize low-molecular weight proteins. Anti-crotalic serum clearly recognized LAOs, C-type lectin, SVSP, cysteine-rich proteins, SVMP and Asp49-PLA(2). The cross-reactivity with anti-PLA(2) revealed the immunoreactivity of these antibodies to proteins with molecular masses in a range that is poorly recognized by other studied anti-sera. Our results suggest that the contribution of anti-crotalic serum to the neutralization of B. jararacussu by may be due to its cross-reactivity with proteins such as C-type lectins, SVSPs, Asp49-PLA(2). These results also reinforce the importance of neutralizing the highly toxic proteins inclusive those with low immunogenicity in commercial antivenom production to obtain a highly protective serum against snake venoms.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Correa-Netto
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Teixeira-Araujo
authors.forename: Aniesse Silva
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.forename: Aníbal Rafael
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Melgarejo
authors.forename: Salvatore Giovanni
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: De-Simone
authors.forename: Márcia Regina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Foguel
authors.forename: Russolina Benedeta
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Zingali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D000997:Antivenins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D017837:Bothrops / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D003429:Cross Reactions; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007120:Immunochemistry; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008970:Molecular Weight; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000737:chemistry; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000737:chemistry; D040901:Proteomics; D011817:Rabbits; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D012910:Snake Venoms; C078097:bothropstoxin; D054467:Phospholipases A2