Molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity of targeted cancer therapeutics.
In 2002, Hoshijima and Chien drew largely theoretical parallels between the dysregulation of the signaling pathways driving cancer and those driving cardiac hypertrophy (Hoshijima M, Chien KR. J Clin Invest. 2002;109:849-855). On the surface, this statement appeared to stretch the limits of reason, given the fact that cancer cells are known for their proliferative capacity, and adult cardiomyocytes are, except under unusual circumstances, terminally differentiated and incapable of re-entering the cell cycle. However, on closer examination, there are numerous parallels between signaling pathways that drive tumorigenesis and signaling pathways that regulate hypertrophic responses and survival in cardiomyocytes. Indeed, this issue appears to be at the core of the cardiotoxicity (often manifest as a dilated cardiomyopathy) that can result from treatment with agents typically referred to as "targeted therapeutics," which target specific protein kinases that are dysregulated in cancer. Herein, we examine the cardiotoxicity of targeted therapeutics, focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms, thereby allowing an understanding of the problem but also allowing the identification of novel, and sometimes surprising, roles played by protein kinases in the heart.
Cheng
Hui
H
Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Force
Thomas
T
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology; D054715:Cardiotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000201:enzymology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D054715:Cardiotoxins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011494:Protein Kinases