title: Needles: a comparison study.
abstract: For patients with a chronic condition such as multiple sclerosis (MS) who self-administer injectable therapies, comfort is important. This article reports on a comparison study of needles used to administer MS therapies and calls for medical device manufacturers to develop needles with decreased penetration forces to minimise trauma, which may increase patient comfort.
authors.affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Montville, New Jersey 07045, USA. gerhard.mayer@bayer.com
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Knappertz
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kinast
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009339:Needles; D012646:Self Administration / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors