title: Cesarean section scar defects: agreement between transvaginal sonographic findings with and without saline contrast enhancement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the agreement between transvaginal ultrasound examinations performed before and at saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) with regard to number, size and shape of Cesarean section (CS) scar defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 108 women underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination with SCSH at least 6 months after CS: 68 had undergone one CS, 32 two CSs and eight women had undergone at least three CSs. The ultrasound examiner was blinded to the number of CSs and to the obstetric history. The number and shape of CS scar defects were determined subjectively, and any scar defect was estimated subjectively to be large or not large. Measurements of the scar defects were also taken. Results obtained before and at SCSH were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most scar defects were triangular in shape. The shape did not change at SCSH, but the ultrasound examiner found it easier to delineate the borders of the scar defects at SCSH than at unenhanced ultrasound examination. More scar defects were seen and more scar defects were classified as large at SCSH than before: among the 100 women who had undergone one or two CSs, 16 additional women had large defects at SCSH, whereas no woman with a large defect before SCSH had no defect or only a small defect at SCSH. The length and height of the defects were larger at SCSH than before: mean difference 2 mm and 1 mm in women who had undergone one CS, and mean difference 4 mm and 2 mm in the lowest-positioned scar in women who had undergone two CSs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In non-pregnant women CS scars were better evaluated at SCSH than at unenhanced ultrasound examination, because the demarcations of scar defects were more clearly delineated at SCSH than before. More defects were detected and more defects were classified as large at SCSH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. olgavikhareva@hotmail.com
authors.forename: O Vikhareva
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Osser
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jokubkiene
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valentin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media