title: Etiology and treatment of growth retardation in children with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease: a historical perspective.
abstract: Dramatic changes have occurred in our understanding of the etiology of the growth retardation associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) during the past 50 years. Significant interest has been focused on preventing and/or correcting the growth retardation because of the emergence of the dual therapeutic modalities of dialysis and renal transplantation to prolong the lives of infants, children, and adolescents afflicted with CKD and ESRD. These efforts have resulted in a significant improvement in the height Z-score over the past two decades of children with CKD and ESRD. This has had a salutary impact on the final adult height of such children which should hopefully lead to an enhanced quality of life in the future. This report addresses the progress that has been made in the management of growth retardation in the pediatric population with CKD and ESRD.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. rfine@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
authors.forename: Richard N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Fine
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005183:Failure to Thrive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone