title: Acute kidney injury following transcatheter aortic valve implantation: predictive factors, prognostic value, and comparison with surgical aortic valve replacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Very few data exist on the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The objectives of the present study were (i) to determine the incidence, predictive factors, and prognostic value of AKI following TAVI, and (ii) to compare the occurrence of AKI in TAVI vs. surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with pre-procedural chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 213 patients (mean age 82 +/- 8 years) undergoing TAVI for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis were included in the study. Acute kidney injury was defined as a reduction of >25% in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) within 48 h following the procedure or the need for haemodialysis during index hospitalization. Those patients with pre-procedural CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), n = 119) were compared with 104 contemporary patients with CKD who underwent isolated SAVR. The incidence of AKI following TAVI was 11.7%, with 1.4% of the patients requiring haemodialysis. Predictive factors of AKI were hypertension (OR: 4.66; 95% CI: 1.04-20.87), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.10-6.36), and peri-operative blood transfusion (OR: 3.47, 95% CI: 1.30-9.29). Twenty-one patients (9.8%) died during index hospitalization, and the logistic EuroSCORE (OR: 1.03 for each increase of 1%; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06) and occurrence of AKI (OR: 4.14, 95% CI: 1.42-12.13) were identified as independent predictors of postoperative mortality. Patients with CKD who underwent TAVI were older, had a higher logistic EuroSCORE and lower pre-procedural eGFR values compared with those who underwent SAVR (P < 0.0001 for all). The incidence of AKI was lower (P = 0.001; P = 0.014 after propensity score adjustment) in CKD patients who underwent TAVI (9.2%, need for haemodialysis: 2.5%) compared with those who underwent SAVR (25.9%, need for haemodialysis: 8.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute kidney injury occurred in 11.7% of the patients following TAVI and was associated with a greater than four-fold increase in the risk of postoperative mortality. Hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and blood transfusion were predictive factors of AKI. In those patients with pre-procedural CKD, TAVI was associated with a significant reduction of AKI compared with SAVR.
authors.affiliation: Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec city,Quebec, Canada G1V 4G5.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bagur
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nietlispach
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Larochellière
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Jean-Bernard
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.forename: Marcos J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Marie-Annick
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Clavel
authors.forename: Olivier F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pibarot
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodés-Cabau
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors