title: Chronic microsensors for longitudinal, subsecond dopamine detection in behaving animals.
abstract: Neurotransmission operates on a millisecond timescale but is changed by normal experience or neuropathology over days to months. Despite the importance of long-term neurotransmitter dynamics, no technique exists to track these changes in a subject from day to day over extended periods of time. Here we describe and characterize a microsensor that can detect the neurotransmitter dopamine with subsecond temporal resolution over months in vivo in rats and mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Stefan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wanat
authors.forename: Jerylin O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Horne
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Christina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Akers
authors.forename: Jones G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Willuhn
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Nephi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.forename: Paul E M
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008904:Miniaturization; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D004298:Dopamine