title: Epidemiological association between uric acid concentration in plasma, lipoprotein(a), and the traditional lipid profile.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated levels of uric acid in serum (SUA) or plasma (PUA) are increasingly related to cardiovascular disease. It is unclear whether they are independent risk factors or simply markers, reflecting association with other traditional risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively assessed results of a lipid profile, including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio (TC/HDL-C), the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), in a large cohort of unselected adult outpatients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyperuricemic men displayed significantly increased values of triglycerides and AIP when compared with men with normal PUA levels. In hyperuricemic women, significant differences were observed for HDL-C, triglycerides, TC/HDL-C, and AIP compared with women with normal PUA levels. The percentage of patients with unfavorable values was statistically higher for triglycerides and AIP in hyperuricemic men; for HDL-C, triglycerides, TC/HDL-C, and AIP in hyperuricemic women. In multivariable linear regression analysis triglycerides, AIP, and TC/HDL-C were independently associated with PUA in women, whereas no significant association was observed in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PUA measurement might be advisable in patients to identify those at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) who might benefit from further triage and intervention.
authors.affiliation: Section of Clinical Chemistry, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lippi
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montagnana
authors.forename: Gian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luca Salvagno
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Targher
authors.forename: Gian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cesare Guidi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D014280:Triglycerides; D014527:Uric Acid; D002784:Cholesterol