title: Isotopic biomarker discovery and application in translational medicine.
abstract: Rational drug discovery relies on pathognomonic molecular reporters of disease or biomarkers. Therefore biomarkers contain relational or contextual information about disease pathophysiology. Two broad pathways can be taken to identify biomarkers: a 'top-down', holistic approach that makes no assumptions about biomarker type, or the 'bottom-up' approach, which is hypothesis driven and relies on a priori information. Both approaches involve parallel or sequential methods that include genomic and proteomic profiling. Biomarker discovery and translational medicine owe much to isotopic techniques because these provide near-real-time information about disease status as diagnostics, in drug delivery and for monitoring treatment. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments and some insight into the future role of isotopes in biomarker discovery and disease therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural & Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom. bayele@biochem.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Henry K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Bayele
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiti
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colina
authors.forename: Octavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Baldip
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Rajagopal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krishnamoorthy
authors.forename: Hilal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozdağ
authors.forename: Rose Ann
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Padua
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D003947:Diagnostic Techniques, Radioisotope / Q000639:trends*; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D040901:Proteomics; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011868:Radioisotopes