title: Prevalence and risk factors of high-risk human papillomavirus in female sex workers in Spain: differences by geographical origin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the influence of socioeconomic variables, lifestyles, and sexual behaviors on the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in female sex worker (FSW) according to their geographic origin in Alicante, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study of 549 FSW attending an AIDS information and prevention center from May 2003 to December 2004. Face-to-face interviews were carried out. HR-HPV was determined through Digene HR-HPV Test. Hybrid Capture II-positive samples (Digene Corp., Gaithersburg, MD) for PCR were directly sequenced. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HR-HPV prevalence was 28% in Spaniards, 32% in Latin Americans, 32% in Eastern Europeans, 16% in sub-Saharan Africans, and 65% in North Africans (p=0.04). Lower HR-HPV prevalence was associated with higher age, higher education, and higher body mass index (BMI) (p values for trend<0.05). In multivariate analyses, the effects of geographical origin, age, and education were maintained, together with time in sex work; women engaged for >1 year had a lower HR-HPV prevalence (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36-0.91) compared with those engaged <1 year. HR-HPV-16 was the most common type (n=23, 24%), followed by HR-HPV-18 and HR-HPV-31, (n=11, 11%), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HR-HPV prevalence is very high in FSW and varies by geographic origin. Women of younger age and lower education level and those engaged in sex work for <1 year showed the highest prevalence, making them a priority group for cervical cancer prevention programs.
authors.affiliation: National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. jdamo@isciii.es
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: del Amo
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belda
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Alfredo García
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Saiz
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortiz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000208:ethnology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011477:Sex Work / Q000208:ethnology*; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000208:ethnology*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D014931:Women, Working / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult