title: Bioclinical markers in breast cancer: updates and perspectives.
abstract: Molecular studies have definitely changed our knowledge of the biology of cancers, and breast cancer's tremendous social impact has stimulated a large mass of research. Classic markers have opened a road, but their usefulness appears limited to prognosis or follow up, while several new markers, both genetic and molecular, are assuming different, yet still controversial, importance: they may play a major role in the surveillance of subjects at risk, in detecting primary or recurrent cancers, and in predicting the need of adjuvant therapy, or the response to therapy. .
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, General Surgery and Breast Unit, University of Catania, University Hospital - Catania, Catania, Italy. divitama@unict.it
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Vita
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berretta
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanghi
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cacopardo
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavallaro
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lo Menzo
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cappellani
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004967:Estrogens