title: Long-term follow-up of dose-adapted and reduced-field radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for central nervous system germinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To update our institutional experience with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and minimized radiotherapy vs. radiation monotherapy for intracranial germinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed records of 59 patients with diagnosis of primary intracranial germinoma between 1977 and 2007. Treatment was irradiation alone or neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy and local irradiation (initial tumor plus margin) for patients with localized complete response and reduced-dose craniospinal irradiation for others.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the chemoradiotherapy group (n = 28), median follow-up was 7 years. No patient died. The freedom from progression (FFP) rate was 88% at 5 years and 80% at 10 years. In 4 patients, disease recurred 1.1 to 6.8 years after diagnosis. All were young male patients who received 30.6 Gy to local fields after complete response to chemotherapy. The FFP rate was 88% for local irradiation vs. 100% for more extensive fields (p = .06). For the radiotherapy-alone group (n = 31), median follow-up was 15 years. Overall and disease-free survival rates were 93% and 93% at 5 years and 90% and 87% at 15 years. In 5 patients, disease recurred 1.1 to 4.9 years after diagnosis. Most patients in this group were young men 18 to 23 years of age with suprasellar primary disease treated with about 50 Gy to local fields. The FFP rate was 44% for local irradiation vs. 100% for more extensive fields (p < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to local-field radiotherapy reduced central nervous system cancer recurrence when high-risk patients were excluded by thorough pretreatment staging. There was trend toward improved central nervous system tumor control when larger fields (whole brain, whole ventricle, or craniospinal axis) were used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Nadia N Issa
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Laack
authors.forename: Jan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Buckner
authors.forename: Paula J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schomberg
authors.forename: Cynthia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wetmore
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018237:Germinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000379:methods; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012074:Remission Induction / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin