title: Overcoming the hurdles in using mouse genetic models that block TGF-beta signaling.
abstract: The recent recognition of the importance of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in mediating many cellular immune functions has popularized the use of mouse models where TGF-beta signaling is blocked in specific cell types. However, there are some caveats affiliated with each model. Here we describe and show evidence for some of the limitations of these models and provide insight into ways to improve the utility of these animals for in vivo studies.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Shomyseh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanjabi
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Flavell
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D039521:CD11c Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival; D000939:Epitopes; D016654:Genes, RAG-1; D019672:Genes, T-Cell Receptor; D005838:Genotype; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000235:genetics*; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D023421:Models, Animal; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D039521:CD11c Antigen; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D000939:Epitopes; C110366:OVA-8; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D010047:Ovalbumin; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II