title: Pentoxifylline added to freezing or post-thaw extenders does not improve the survival or in vitro fertilising capacity of boar spermatozoa.
abstract: This study evaluated whether pentoxifylline added to freezing and thawing extenders influenced the function of boar spermatozoa. In Experiment 1, pooled ejaculated sperm-rich fractions were frozen in 0.5 ml straws after dilution in extender supplemented with pentoxifylline to a final concentration of 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 mM. The addition of 4, 8, 16 and 32 mM pentoxifylline to the freezing extender significantly decreased the progressive and total motility of spermatozoa. The percentage of viable spermatozoa with intact acrosomes as well as the penetration rate and the efficiency of fertilisation were significantly lower in pentoxifylline-treated groups compared with the untreated control. In Experiment 2, a pool of three straws with 'good' post-thaw sperm quality parameters and another three straws with 'poor' sperm quality were diluted in extender with 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 mM pentoxifylline. Post-thaw samples with both 'good' and 'poor' sperm quality with 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mM were used to assess IVF parameters. The addition of pentoxifylline to post-thaw extender did not improve the post-thaw motility or viability of spermatozoa compared with the control. The in vitro penetration was higher (P<0.05) than the control for oocytes fertilised with spermatozoa that were thawed and incubated in extender with 4, 8 and 16 mM pentoxifylline. However, no differences were observed in the efficiency of fertilisation. We conclude that pentoxifylline, as a supplement added to the freezing extender, has a deleterious effect and that it does not improve the survival or in vitro fertilising efficiency of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa when added after thawing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. mariagil@um.es
authors.forename: María A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roca
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Almiñana
authors.forename: Xiomara
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cuello
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: Emilio A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Martínez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000187:drug effects*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005615:Freezing / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055101:Semen Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010431:Pentoxifylline