Mitochondrial DNA mutations in cancer--from bench to bedside.
Mitochondria are cell organelles mostly known for their production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. As suggested over 70 years ago by O. Warburg and recently confirmed with molecular techniques, alterations in respiratory activity and mitochondrial DNA appear to be a common feature of malignant cells. Somatic mtDNA mutations have been reported in many types of cancer cells. MtDNA mutation pattern may enhance the specificity of cancer diagnostics, detection and prediction of tumor growth rate and patients' outcome. Therefore it may be used as a molecular cancer bio-marker. Nevertheless recently published papers list a large number of mitochondrial DNA mutations in many different cancer types, but their role in cell pathophysiology remains unsummarized. This review covers the consequences of mitochondrial genes mutations for human cell physiology and proliferation. We underline effects of mtDNA mutation-resulting amino acid changes in the respiratory chain proteins' structure, and propose changes in mitochondrial protein function. Mutations are critically evaluated and interpreted in the functional context and clinical utility of molecular mitochondrial research is summarized and new perspectives for 'mitochondrial oncology' suggested.
Czarnecka
Anna Malgorzata
AM
Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland. anna.czarnecka@gmail.com
Kukwa
Wojciech
W
Krawczyk
Tomasz
T
Scinska
Anna
A
Kukwa
Andrzej
A
Cappello
Francesco
F
D017209:Apoptosis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000379:methods*
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species