Determination of cadmium and lead in human biological samples by spectrometric techniques: a review.
The analysis of human biological samples, such as blood, urine, nails, and hair, is generally used for the verification of human exposure to toxic metals. In this review, various spectrometric methods for the determination of cadmium and lead in biological samples are discussed and compared. Several spectrometric techniques are presented and discussed with respect to various characteristics such as sensitivity, selectivity, and cost. Special attention is drawn to the procedures for digestion prior to the determination of cadmium and lead in hair, nails, blood, and urine.
Lemos
Valfredo Azevedo
VA
Laboratório de Química Analítica (LQA), Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. valfredoazevedo@yahoo.com.br
de Carvalho
Anaildes Lago
AL
D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D009262:Nails / Q000737:chemistry*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*
D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead