title: Differences in gene expression dependent on sampling site in placental tissue of fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The human placenta as part of the feto-placental unit may influence fetal endocrine systems and may therefore represent a very important link between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and metabolic disorders in later life. We aimed to analyze the effect of sample origin on gene expression of placental factors potentially involved in fetal programming in IUGR versus appropriate for gestational age growth (AGA) to standardize sample collection procedure for a multicenter approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placental gene expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-1, prolactin, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and leptin was measured and compared between proximal, intermediate and peripheral region of the placenta in 22 IUGR (proven by anomalous placental Doppler velocimetry) and 19 AGA neonates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas no difference in gene expression was seen in the proximal portion, in the intermediate placental region mRNA expression of IGFBP-1 (p = 0.01), prolactin (p = 0.04), CRH (p = 0.01) and leptin (p = 0.04) was increased in IUGR samples compared to controls. At the placental periphery, gene expression of these placental transcripts showed a higher expression level in IUGR placentas without statistical significance, except for leptin (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placental sampling site seems to be relevant for detecting differences in gene expression between IUGR and AGA neonates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tzschoppe
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Struwe
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Dörr
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Goecke
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dötsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020738:Leptin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011388:Prolactin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: C032231:IGFBP1 protein, human; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D020738:Leptin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011388:Prolactin; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone