title: Composition and morphology of nanocrystals in urines of lithogenic patients and healthy persons.
abstract: The composition and morphology of nanocrystals in urines of healthy persons and lithogenic patients were comparatively investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was shown that the main composition of urinary nanocrystals in healthy persons were calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), uric acid, and ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite). However, the main compositions of urinary nanocrystals in lithogenic patients were struvite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, uric acid, COD, and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). According to the XRD data, the size of nanocrystals was calculated to be 23 approximately 72 nm in healthy urine and 12 approximately 118 nm in lithogenic urine by Scherer formula. TEM results showed that the nanocrystals in healthy urine were dispersive and uniform with a mean size of about 38 nm. In contrast, the nanocrystals in lithogenic urine were much aggregated with a mean size of about 55 nm. The results in this work indicated that the urinary stone formation may be prevented by diminishing the aggregation and the size differentiation of urinary nanocrystals by physical or chemical methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China. guibsdoctor@sina.com
authors.forename: Bao-Song
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Xiu-Qiong
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Mei-Ru
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ouyang