title: Immunostimulatory activity of potential probiotic yeast strains in the dorsal air pouch system and the gut mucosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the immunostimulatory activity of 15 presumptive probiotic yeast strains in the dorsal air pouch system in comparison with their activity in the gut mucosa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presumptive probiotic yeast strains previously isolated from human gastrointestinal tract and Feta cheese were further characterized genotypically and biochemically. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae 982, Saccharomyces boulardii KK1 and Kluyveromyces lactis 630 strains exhibited in the air pouch increased polymorphonuclear cell influx and phagocytic activity as well as cytokine production with similar potency as the probiotics Ultra levure S. boulardii and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFB 1748. Oral administration of these strains in mice results in differential activation of small intestine immune responses concerning IgA and cytokine production as well as Toll-like receptor expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Besides the Saccharomyces strains 982 and KK1, the K. lactis 630 strain could also be considered as a candidate probiotic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The air pouch model may be used as an alternative and rapid method for the discrimination and selection of potential probiotic yeast strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, Biology School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kourelis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kotzamanidis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Litopoulou-Tzanetaki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Papaconstantinou
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tzanetakis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yiangou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D007716:Kluyveromyces / Q000276:immunology*; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D010587:Phagocytosis; D019936:Probiotics; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000276:immunology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors