title: Synthesis, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding, and antinociceptive properties of 3'-(substituted phenyl)epibatidine analogues. Nicotinic partial agonists.
abstract: In 1992, John Daly et al. reported the isolation and structure determination of epibatidine. Epibatidine's unique structure and its potent nicotinic agonist activity have had a tremendous impact on nicotine receptor research. This research has led to a better understanding of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) pharmacophore and to epibatidine analogues with potential as pharmacotherapies for treating various CNS disorders. In this study, we report the synthesis, receptor binding ([(3)H]epibatidine and [(125)I]iodoMLA), and in vivo pharmacological properties (mouse tail flick, hot plate, hypothermia, and spontaneous activity) of a series of 3'-(substituted phenyl)epibatidine analogues (5a-m). Results from these studies have added to the understanding of the nAChR pharmacophore and led to nicotinic partial agonists that may have potential for smoking cessation. All the analogues had affinities for the alpha4beta2 nAChR similar to epibatidine (1). 3'-(3-Dimethylaminophenyl)epibatidine (5m) has a nicotinic partial agonist pharmacological profile similar to the smoking cessation drug varenicline. Other analogues are partial agonists with varying degrees of nicotinic functional agonist and antagonist activity. 3'-(3-Aminophenyl)epibatidine (5j) is a more potent functional agonist and antagonist in all tests than varenicline. 3'-(3-Fluorophenyl)epibatidine and 3'-(3-chlorophenyl)epibatidine (5c and 5e) are more potent than varenicline when tested as agonists in four pharmacological tests and antagonists when evaluated against nicotine in the analgesia hot-plate test.
authors.affiliation: Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute, North Carolina 27709, USA. fic@rti.org
authors.forename: F Ivy
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Hernán A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: M Imad
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Damaj
authors.forename: Billy R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011725:Pyridines; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; C403531:nicotinic receptor alpha4beta2; C082748:epibatidine