title: Mycophenolate mofetil for ocular inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate mycophenolate mofetil as a single noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive treatment for noninfectious ocular inflammatory diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Characteristics of patients with noninfectious ocular inflammation treated with mycophenolate mofetil at 4 subspecialty clinics from 1995 to 2007 were abstracted by expert reviewers in a standardized chart review of every eye at every visit. Main outcomes measured were control of inflammation, corticosteroid-sparing effects, and discontinuation of mycophenolate mofetil (including the reasons for discontinuation). Survival analysis was used to estimate the incidence of outcomes, and to identify risk factors for each.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 236 patients (397 eyes) treated with mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy, 20.3%, 11.9%, and 39.8% had anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, and posterior uveitis or panuveitis respectively; 14% had scleritis; 7.6% had mucous membrane pemphigoid; and 6.4% had other ocular inflammatory diseases. By Kaplan-Meier estimation, complete control of inflammation--sustained over consecutive visits spanning at least 28 days--was achieved in 53% and 73% of patients within 6 months and 1 year respectively. Systemic corticosteroid dosage was reduced to 10 mg of prednisone or less, while maintaining sustained control of inflammation, in 41% and 55% of patients in 6 months and 1 year respectively. Twelve percent of patients discontinued mycophenolate mofetil within the first year because of side effects of therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given sufficient time, mycophenolate mofetil was effective in managing ocular inflammation in approximately half of the treated patients. Treatment-limiting side effects were observed in 12% of patients and typically were reversible.
authors.affiliation: The Fundus Photograph Reading Center, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Ebenezer
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.forename: Craig W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Newcomb
authors.forename: Siddharth S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Pujari
authors.forename: R Oktay
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Kaçmaz
authors.forename: Grace A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Levy-Clarke
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nussenblatt
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Suhler
authors.forename: C Stephen
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jabs
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kempen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010390:Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015423:Scleritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014605:Uveitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D011241:Prednisone