title: The treatment of vertebral and chest wall deformities with expandable thoracoplasty and a prosthetic expandable implant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Expansion thoracoplasty is a temporary solution to allow complete pulomonary development in the setting of vertebral and rib cage deformities. After thoracoplasty, an expandable implant is needed to maintain the correction. The Growing Spine Profiler (GSP) is a new type of readjustable rib distracter. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experiences of surgeons in Europe with the implantation of the GSP.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 44 patients that underwent placement of the GSP at 15 sites throughout Europe. The mean age at the time of surgery was 6.24 years. Basic demographic data and postoperative management were reviewed. All patients received an opening-wedge thoracostomy with device implantation and expansion thoracoplasty. Retrospectively, the original indications for implantation were determined. Digital images of the radiographs were used to measure coronal and sagittal parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common diagnoses for implantation were hemivertebrae (9), hemivertebrae with chest wall deformity (10), and unilateral bar (8). Outcomes were available for 43 patients with a mean follow-up period of 3.07 years. There were 23 patients that had an adverse event. Rib fractures were the most common adverse event, with 8 incidents in 7 patients. Radiographically, coronal curve magnitudes were maintained, whereas sagittal kyphosis gradually increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GSP was effective in the maintenance of deformity, while providing a moderate complication rate. Further studies need to be performed to determine the safety and efficacy of this implant.
authors.affiliation: NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, LLC, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kamerlink
authors.forename: Itzhak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Ajit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patwardhan
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valdevit
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lowery
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brayda-Bruno
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zeller
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Errico
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005060:Europe; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012253:Rib Fractures / Q000209:etiology; D013577:Syndrome; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D035441:Thoracic Wall / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D013905:Thoracoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome