title: Clinical and economic outcomes in a population-based European cohort of 948 ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients by Markov analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Forecasting clinical and economic outcomes in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) patients is complex, but necessary.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine: the frequency of treatment-classified clinical states; the probability of transition between states; and the economic outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newly diagnosed UC and CD patients, allocated into seven clinical states by medical and surgical treatments recorded in serial 3-month cycles, underwent Markov analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 10 years, 630 UC and 318 CD patients had 22,823 and 11,871 cycles. The most frequent clinical outcomes were medical/surgical remission (medication-free) and mild disease (on 5-aminosalicylates, antibiotics, topical corticosteroids), comprising 28% and 62% of UC cycles and 24% and 51% of CD cycles respectively. The probability of drug-response in patients receiving systemic corticosteroids/immunomodulators was 0.74 in UC, 0.66 in CD. Both diseases had similar likelihood of persistent drug-dependency or drug-refractoriness. Surgery was more probable in CD, 0.20, than UC, 0.08. In terms of economic outcomes, surgery was costlier in UC per cycle, but the outlay over 10 years was greater in CD. Drug-refractory UC and CD cases engendered high costs in the cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients on 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids and immunomodulators had favourable clinical and economic outcomes over 10 years. Drug-refractory and surgical patients exhibited greater long-term expenses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel. odes@bgumail.bgu.ac.il
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Odes
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vardi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Esser
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wolters
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moum
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elkjaer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bernklev
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsianos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Morain
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stockbrügger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Munkholm
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Langholz
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents