title: Formulation, characterization and testing of tetracaine hydrochloride-loaded albumin-chitosan microparticles for ocular drug delivery.
abstract: Most ocular surgical procedures take approximately 60 min to complete, the anaesthetic property of the safest drug, tetracaine, is initiated in a few minutes and lasts approximately 10-15 min. The purpose of the present study was to develop an ocular tetracaine formulation which can produce an immediate onset of action and/or longer duration of action during the entire surgical procedure. Tetracaine-loaded microparticle formulation was prepared by the method of spray-drying and characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, morphology, thermal stability and release pattern. The study reports a microparticulate ocular formulation with minimum cytotoxicity and optimum cellular uptake. In addition, microencapsulated tetracaine was found to significantly increase the duration of action of the drug up to 4-fold. Taken together, the results presented in this work described albumin-chitosan microparticles to be an effective delivery platform for ocular anaesthetic agents and a potential treatment of various ocular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacogenomics, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Addo
authors.forename: Aladin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siddig
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siwale
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akande
authors.forename: Akm N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: D'Souza
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D003315:Cornea / Q000166:cytology; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D004355:Drug Stability; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005123:Eye / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D011817:Rabbits; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013748:Tetracaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004337:Drug Carriers; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013748:Tetracaine; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D048271:Chitosan