title: Clinical characteristics and outcomes for a modern series of primary gliosarcoma patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary gliosarcoma (PGS) is a rare central nervous system tumor with limited experience reported in the literature. In the current study, the authors present a modern series of confirmed PGS cases treated in the era of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), after the accepted glioblastoma management of resection, radiation, and temozolomide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a retrospective review, patients with confirmed PGS were identified (1996-2008). Cases were determined to be PGS by central pathology review using the 2007 World Health Organization criteria. Extensive chart review was performed to gather clinical and pathologic data on these cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All but 1 patient had undergone a preoperative MRI, with 1 patient receiving a computed tomography scan due to a cardiac pacemaker. A total of 10 patients received radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy, and 8 patients received radiotherapy alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. In 2 patients, the history of adjuvant treatment could not be confirmed. The overall median survival was 13.9 months (range, 2.2-22.9 months). Patients with gliosarcomas resembling meningioma were found to have a significantly prolonged median survival compared with patients harboring gliosarcoma resembling glioblastoma multiforme (16 months vs 9.6 months; P = .011). However, no difference in survival was noted between patients who received concurrent radiotherapy and temozolomide compared with those who did not (10.4 months vs 13.9 months; P = .946).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the current study support previous hypotheses that there are 2 distinct types of PGS. The type mimicking the appearance of a meningioma appears to carry a significantly more favorable prognosis, most likely due to an increased chance at achieving macroscopic total resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Seunggu J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Jose J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: Tarik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tihan
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Mitchel S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Prados
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Parsa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D018316:Gliosarcoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077204:Temozolomide
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D003606:Dacarbazine; D000077204:Temozolomide