title: NICU medication errors: identifying a risk profile for medication errors in the neonatal intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify a risk profile for harmful medication errors in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cross-sectional study on NICU medication error reports submitted to MEDMARX between 1 January 1999, and 31 December 2005. The Rao-Scott modified chi(2) test was used for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  6749 NICU medication error reports were submitted by 163 health-care facilities. Administering errors accounted for approximately one half of errors, and human factors were the most frequently cited cause of error. Patient age was not associated with an increased likelihood of an error being harmful (P=0.11). Error reports involving Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) High-Alert Medications, occurring in the prescribing phase of medication processing, or involving equipment/delivery device failures were more likely to be harmful (P< or =0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors for harmful medication error reports include use of ISMP High-Alert Medications, the prescribing phase of the medication use process, and failure of equipment/delivery devices.
authors.affiliation: Eudowood Neonatal Pulmonary Division, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. tstavroudis@chla.usc.edu
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Stavroudis
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Shore
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morlock
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bundy
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors