title: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation causing sudden death due to spontaneous hemothorax.
abstract: A sudden death due to hemothorax caused by spontaneous rupture of a congenital pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is reported. A 44-year-old woman died unexpectedly with chest pain and dyspnea. The post-mortem examination revealed a massive right-sided hemothorax arising from a subpleural AVM of the upper lobe. There were multiple telangiectases in the tongue and the tonsils, as typically associated with Osler-Weber-Rendu disease (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, HHT). The post-mortem molecular genetic analysis proved the presence of a disease-causing mutation in the endoglin gene constituting a predisposition for pulmonary AVMs. According to the literature, almost half of the AVMs in the lung are seen in HHT patients. Based on the presented case and the relevant literature, the article addresses the forensic aspects of fatal hemothorax and the importance of detecting the source of bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Albertstraße 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. takaki@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pollak
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pflugradt
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bohnert
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grosse Perdekamp
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thierauf
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D003645:Death, Sudden / Q000209:etiology*; D000071063:Endoglin; D005260:Female; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D006491:Hemothorax / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics; D013684:Telangiectasis / Q000473:pathology; D014059:Tongue / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface