title: In situ time-resolved XAFS study on the formation mechanism of Cu nanoparticles using poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) as a capping agent.
abstract: The formation mechanism of copper nanoparticles (NPs) using poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) as a capping agent was investigated by measurements of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in situ time-resolved X-ray adsorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis, in situ UV-vis spectroscopy, and an indicator method. XAFS analyses, in combination with TEM observations and the indicator method, revealed that the stable intermediates such as Cu(OH)(2) and Cu(+)-PVP intermediate were formed during an induction period of nucleation of Cu NPs, which play a critical role in the Cu NP formation. Our results suggest that the PVP capping agent is important not only to protect NPs from overgrowth and aggregation but also to control the reaction kinetics of NP formation.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takagaki
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maenosono
authors.forename: Kohki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ebitani
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000737:chemistry*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D011145:Polyvinyls; D011759:Pyrrolidines; C505150:poly(N-vinylpyrrolidine); D003300:Copper