title: Drug-eluting stents in preclinical studies: updated consensus recommendations for preclinical evaluation.
abstract: Coronary drug-eluting stents are commonplace in clinical practice with acceptable safety and efficacy. Preclinical evaluation of novel drug-eluting stent technologies has great importance for understanding safety and possibly efficacy of these technologies, and well-defined preclinical testing methods clearly benefit multiple communities within the developmental, testing, and clinical evaluation chain. An earlier consensus publication enjoyed widespread adoption but is in need of updating. This publication is an update, presenting an integrated view for testing drug-eluting technologies in preclinical models, including novel devices such as bioabsorbable coatings, totally bioabsorbable stents, bifurcation stents, and stent-free balloon-based drug delivery. This consensus document was produced by preclinical and translational scientists and investigators engaged in interventional technology community. The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) recently issued a Draft Guidance for Industry Document for Drug-Eluting Stents. This expert consensus document is consistent with the Food and Drug Administration guidance. The dynamic nature of this field mandates future modifications and additions that will be added over time.
authors.affiliation: Minneapolis Heart Institute and Foundation, 920 E. 28th Street, Suite 600, Minneapolis, MN 55407. rss@rsschwartz.com
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Elazer
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Edelman
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Virmani
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Granada
authors.forename: Greg L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Kaluza
authors.forename: Nicolas A F
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Chronos
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waksman
authors.forename: Judah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weinberger
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Wilensky
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000601:surgery*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration