UV radiation in marine ectotherms: molecular effects and responses.
This review summarizes current knowledge on ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced cellular and molecular damage in marine ectotherms (invertebrates and fish). UVR impairs sperm motility, reduces fertilization, and causes embryo malformation that in turn affects recruitment and therefore the sustainability of natural populations. The direct molecular effects of UVR are mediated by absorption of certain wavelengths by specific macromolecules and the dissipation of the absorbed energy via photochemical reactions. Most organisms have defense mechanisms that either prevent UVR-induced damage, or mechanisms that repair the damage. Photoprotective pigments, antioxidant defense compounds, and cell cycle development genes are some of the molecules involved in UVR defense. Photoenzymatic repair and nucleotide excision repair are the two primary DNA repair systems in marine ectotherms. We anticipate that toxicogenomic studies will gain importance in UVR research because they can elucidate the primary processes involved in UVR damage and the cellular response to this damage.
Dahms
Hans-U
HU
National Research Lab of Marine Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, Department of Chemistry and the Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
Lee
Jae-Seong
JS
D000818:Animals; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000528:radiation effects; D004260:DNA Repair; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000528:radiation effects; D005306:Fertilization / Q000528:radiation effects; D005399:Fishes / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000528:radiation effects; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008386:Marine Biology; D056186:Metagenomics; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*