title: Differential expression of apoptotic genes PDIA3 and MAP3K5 distinguishes between low- and high-risk prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite recent progress in the identification of genetic and molecular alterations in prostate cancer, markers associated with tumor progression are scarce. Therefore precise diagnosis of patients and prognosis of the disease remain difficult. This study investigated novel molecular markers discriminating between low and highly aggressive types of prostate cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using 52 microdissected cell populations of low- and high-risk prostate tumors, we identified via global cDNA microarrays analysis almost 1200 genes being differentially expressed among these groups. These genes were analyzed by statistical, pathway and gene enrichment methods. Twenty selected candidate genes were verified by quantitative real time PCR and immunohistochemistry. In concordance with the mRNA levels, two genes MAP3K5 and PDIA3 exposed differential protein expression. Functional characterization of PDIA3 revealed a pro-apoptotic role of this gene in PC3 prostate cancer cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analyses provide deeper insights into the molecular changes occurring during prostate cancer progression. The genes MAP3K5 and PDIA3 are associated with malignant stages of prostate cancer and therefore provide novel potential biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. nicole@diergardt.eu
authors.forename: Nicole Chui
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Pressinotti
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klocker
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Van-Duc
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Luu
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruschhaupt
authors.forename: Ruprecht
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuner
authors.forename: Eberhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poustka
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sültmann
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5; C482858:MAP3K5 protein, human; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases; C085868:PDIA3 protein, human