title: A randomized clinical trial to reduce patient prehospital delay to treatment in acute coronary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Delay from onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) symptoms to hospital admission continues to be prolonged. To date, community education campaigns on the topic have had disappointing results. Therefore, we conducted a clinical randomized trial to test whether an intervention tailored specifically for patients with ACS and delivered one-on-one would reduce prehospital delay time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants (n=3522) with documented coronary heart disease were randomized to experimental (n=1777) or control (n=1745) groups. Experimental patients received education and counseling about ACS symptoms and actions required. Patients had a mean age of 67+/-11 years, and 68% were male. Over the 2 years of follow-up, 565 patients (16.0%) were admitted to an emergency department with ACS symptoms a total of 842 times. Neither median prehospital delay time (experimental, 2.20 versus control, 2.25 hours) nor emergency medical system use (experimental, 63.6% versus control, 66.9%) was different between groups, although experimental patients were more likely than control to call the emergency medical system if the symptoms occurred within the first 6 months following the intervention (P=0.036). Experimental patients were significantly more likely to take aspirin after symptom onset than control patients (experimental, 22.3% versus control, 10.1%, P=0.02). The intervention did not result in an increase in emergency department use (experimental, 14.6% versus control, 17.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The education and counseling intervention did not lead to reduced prehospital delay or increased ambulance use. Reducing the time from onset of ACS symptoms to arrival at the hospital continues to be a significant public health challenge.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier NCT00734760.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. kathy.dracup@nursing.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dracup
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McKinley
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riegel
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Hendrika
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meischke
authors.forename: Lynn V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Doering
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pelter
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001315:Australia; D003376:Counseling; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin