title: Family matters: dyadic agreement in end-of-life medical decision making.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined race/ethnicity and cultural context within hypothetical end-of-life medical decision scenarios and its influence on patient-proxy agreement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Family dyads consisting of an older adult and 1 family member, typically an adult child, responded to questions regarding the older adult's preferences for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, artificial feeding and fluids, and palliative care in hypothetical illness scenarios. The responses of 34 Caucasian dyads and 30 African American dyads were compared to determine the extent to which family members could accurately predict the treatment preferences of their older relative.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found higher treatment preference agreement among African American dyads compared with Caucasian dyads when considering overall raw difference scores (i.e., overtreatment errors can compensate for undertreatment errors). Prior advance care planning moderated the effect such that lower levels of advance care planning predicted undertreatment errors among African American proxies and overtreatment errors among Caucasian proxies. In contrast, no racial/ethnic differences in treatment preference agreement were found within absolute difference scores (i.e., total error, regardless of the direction of error).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This project is one of the first to examine the mediators and moderators of dyadic racial/cultural differences in treatment preference agreement for end-of-life care in hypothetical illness scenarios. Future studies should use mixed method approaches to explore underlying factors for racial differences in patient-proxy agreement as a basis for developing culturally sensitive interventions to reduce racial disparities in end-of-life care options.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Service, Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Rebecca S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Philip P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Haley
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Decoster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003469:Culture; D003657:Decision Making; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000208:ethnology; D005195:Family Relations / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019727:Proxy; D013727:Terminal Care; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology