title: In vitro evaluation of MR imaging issues at 3T for aneurysm clips made from MP35N: Findings and information applied to 155 additional aneurysm clips.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aneurysm clips need to be tested at 3T to characterize MR imaging concerns, including magnetic field interactions, MR imaging-related heating, and artifacts. Therefore, we evaluated these risks for aneurysm clips.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three different MP35N aneurysm clips (Codman Slim-Line Aneurysm Clip, straight, blade length 25-mm; Codman Slim-Line Aneurysm Clip Graft, 5-mm diameter x 5-mm width; Codman Slim-Line Aneurysm Clip, reinforcing 30 degrees angle, 6-mm x 18-mm) that represented the largest mass for 155 additional clips made from MP35N were tested. The clips were evaluated at 3T for magnetic field interactions, heating, and artifacts. We studied MR imaging-related heating, placing the clip in a gelled-saline-filled phantom with MR imaging performed by using a transmit/receive radio-frequency body coil at a whole-body average SAR of 3 W/kg for 15 minutes. Artifacts were characterized by using T1-SE and GRE pulse sequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each aneurysm clip showed relatively minor magnetic field interactions, which would not cause movement in situ. Heating was not excessive (highest temperature change, <1.8 degrees C). Artifacts may create problems if the area of interest is in the same area or close to the aneurysm clip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this investigation demonstrated that it would be acceptable (ie, "MR conditional" using current terminology) for patients with these aneurysm clips to undergo MR imaging at < or =3T. Notably, on the basis of the sizes of the clips that underwent testing, these findings pertain to 155 additional aneurysm clips made from the same material.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California and Institute for Magnetic Resonance Safety, Education, and Research, Los Angeles, 90045, USA. frank.shellock@gte.net
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Shellock
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valencerina
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D016477:Artifacts; D000075202:Contraindications; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013821:Thermometers; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; C035402:MP35N alloy