title: Secreted frizzled-related protein 4: an angiogenesis inhibitor.
abstract: Wnt signaling is involved in developmental processes, cell proliferation, and cell migration. Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) has been demonstrated to be a Wnt antagonist; however, its effects on endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis have not yet been reported. Using various in vitro assays, we show that sFRP4 inhibits endothelial cell migration and the development of sprouts and pseudopodia as well as disrupts the stability of endothelial rings in addition to inhibiting proliferation. sFRP4 interfered with endothelial cell functions by antagonizing the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway and the Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway. Furthermore, sFRP4 blocked the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on endothelial cells. sFRP4 also selectively induced apoptotic events in endothelial cells by increasing cellular levels of reactive oxygen species. In vivo assays demonstrated a reduction in vascularity after sFRP4 treatment. Most importantly, sFRP4 restricted tumor growth in mice by interfering with endothelial cell function. The data demonstrate sFRP4 to be a potent angiogenesis inhibitor that warrants further investigation as a therapeutic agent in the control of angiogenesis-associated pathology.
authors.affiliation: AU-KBC Research Center, Anna University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Ajit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muley
authors.forename: Syamantak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majumder
authors.forename: Gopi Krishna
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Kolluru
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parkinson
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Viola
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hool
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arfuso
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ganss
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dharmarajan
authors.forename: Suvro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002645:Chickens; D005260:Female; D051157:Frizzled Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008954:Models, Biological; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D034421:Sus scrofa; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D051157:Frizzled Receptors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D002118:Calcium