title: Computer-aided diagnosis of lumbar disc pathology from clinical lower spine MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Detection of abnormal discs from clinical T2-weighted MR Images. This aids the radiologist as well as subsequent CAD methods in focusing only on abnormal discs for further diagnosis. Furthermore, it gives a degree of confidence about the abnormality of the intervertebral discs that helps the radiologist in making his decision.
  
  
  METHODS
  We propose a probabilistic classifier for the detection of abnormality of intervertebral discs. We use three features to label abnormal discs that include appearance, location, and context. We model the abnormal disc appearance with a Gaussian model, the location with a 2D Gaussian model, and the context with a Gaussian model for the distance between abnormal discs. We infer on the middle slice of the T2-weighted MRI volume for each case. These MRI scans are specific for the lumbar area. We obtain our gold standard for the ground truth from our collaborating radiologist group by having the clinical diagnosis report for each case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We achieve over 91% abnormality detection accuracy in a cross-validation experiment with 80 clinical cases. The experiment runs ten rounds; in each round, we randomly leave 30 cases out for testing and we use the other 50 cases for training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We achieve high accuracy for detection of abnormal discs using our proposed model that incorporates disc appearance, location, and context. We show the extendability of our proposed model to subsequent diagnosis tasks specific to each intervertebral disc abnormality such as desiccation and herniation.
authors.affiliation: Computer Science and Engineering Department, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. ralomari@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Raja' S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Alomari
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Corso
authors.forename: Vipin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: Gurmeet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dhillon
mesh_terms: D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D016011:Normal Distribution; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods