title: The malate synthase of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a linked surface protein that behaves as an anchorless adhesin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). This is a pulmonary mycosis acquired by inhalation of fungal airborne propagules that can disseminate to several organs and tissues leading to a severe form of the disease. Adhesion and invasion to host cells are essential steps involved in the internalization and dissemination of pathogens. Inside the host, P. brasiliensis may use the glyoxylate cycle for intracellular survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we provide evidence that the malate synthase of P. brasiliensis (PbMLS) is located on the fungal cell surface, and is secreted. PbMLS was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and polyclonal antibody was obtained against this protein. By using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, PbMLS was detected in the cytoplasm and in the cell wall of the mother, but mainly of budding cells of the P. brasiliensis yeast phase. PbMLSr and its respective polyclonal antibody produced against this protein inhibited the interaction of P. brasiliensis with in vitro cultured epithelial cells A549.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations indicated that cell wall-associated PbMLS could be mediating the binding of fungal cells to the host, thus contributing to the adhesion of fungus to host tissues and to the dissemination of infection, behaving as an anchorless adhesin.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970 Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Benedito Rodrigues
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: da Silva Neto
authors.forename: Julhiany
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Fátima da Silva
authors.forename: Maria José Soares
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mendes-Giannini
authors.forename: Henrique Leonel
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lenzi
authors.forename: Célia Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: de Almeida Soares
authors.forename: Maristela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000908:Antibodies, Fungal / Q000276:immunology; D019921:Biotinylation; D002460:Cell Line; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000201:enzymology*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008292:Malate Synthase / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010228:Paracoccidioides / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000908:Antibodies, Fungal; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D008292:Malate Synthase