title: Cost-effectiveness of universal prophylaxis in pregnancy with prior group B streptococci colonization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the costs and outcomes of rescreening for group B streptococci (GBS) compared to universal treatment of term women with history of GBS colonization in a previous pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A decision analysis model was used to compare costs and outcomes. Total cost included the costs of screening, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP), treatment for maternal anaphylaxis and death, evaluation of well infants whose mothers received IAP, and total costs for treatment of term neonatal early onset GBS sepsis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared to screening and treating, universal treatment results in more women treated per GBS case prevented (155 versus 67) and prevents more cases of early onset GBS (1732 versus 1700) and neonatal deaths (52 versus 51) at a lower cost per case prevented ($8,805 versus $12,710).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Universal treatment of term pregnancies with a history of previous GBS colonization is more cost-effective than the strategy of screening and treating based on positive culture results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Kelsey Research Foundation, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77007, USA. drt318@aol.com
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Turrentine
authors.forename: Mildred M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mastrobattista
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000191:economics*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents