title: Association of AHSG gene polymorphisms with fetuin-A plasma levels and cardiovascular diseases in the EPIC-Potsdam study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated circulating levels of fetuin-A in blood have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The goal of our study was to prospectively investigate the potential causal nature of the association between fetuin-A levels and myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke by applying a Mendelian randomization approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2248690, rs2070633, rs2070635, rs4917, and rs6787344) capturing the common genetic variation of the fetuin-A coding gene alpha(2)-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG) were genotyped in a case-cohort comprising 214 MI cases, 154 ischemic stroke cases, and 2152 persons who remained free of cardiovascular disease events in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam study. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs6787344) was discarded because of Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. All AHSG tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with fetuin-A plasma levels (P<0.0001). AHSG rs4917 C>T showed the strongest association, explaining 21.2% of the phenotypic variance independent of potential confounding factors (+35.5 microg/mL increase per C-allele, P= 2 x 10(-121)). Furthermore, the rs4917 C-allele showed a significant association with MI (adjusted hazard rate ratio [RR] 1.34, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.70, P=0.02). Based on this association, the expected RR for MI corresponding to 1 SD in fetuin-A was 1.54 and, thus, strikingly matches the previously observed association between fetuin-A plasma levels and MI risk (RR 1.59).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide evidence for the causal nature of the recently reported association between fetuin-A plasma levels and MI risk, thereby suggesting an involvement of fetuin-A in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany. fisher@dife.de
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stefan
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saar
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drogan
authors.forename: Matthias B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fritsche
authors.forename: Hans-Georg
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Joost
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Häring
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hubner
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weikert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011446:Prospective Studies; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein
chemical_list: C556354:AHSG protein, human; D001798:Blood Proteins; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein