Oral cancer over four decades: epidemiology, trends, histology, and survival by anatomical sites.
BACKGROUND
Oral cancer is one of the few life-threatening oral diseases. The subtypes and different sites of oral cancer has different etiology epidemiology and survival rate. Prevalence of the various anatomical oral sites provided potential baseline for improvement of clinical approach.


METHODS
Incidence and survival rates were derived from the Israel National Cancer Registry and included all registered data between 1970 and 2006. Oral cancer included the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, gums, vestibulum, floor of the mouth, and palate.


RESULTS
Most prevalent oral cancer subtype was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among men above the age of 55 years. Females had a higher incidence of SCC in lateral border of tongue, gums and buccal mucosa. Lymphoma and sarcoma were the most prevalent under the age of 20. Melanomas and metastatic disease revealed the lowest survival rate, while invasive or infiltrating basal cell carcinoma in the lips had the highest rate. The highest oral survival rate was for the lip, and the lowest was for the tongue and gums.


CONCLUSIONS
Early detection of oral cancer is important for all the medical health team. Decrease in lip carcinoma may be a result of occupational or awareness changes and should be studied. Non-epithelial tumors under the age of 20 should be considered as a differential diagnosis. A basic oral examination should be included in all routine medical examinations, with emphasis on high-risk patients and high-risk oral sites.
Zini
Avraham
A
Department of Community Dentistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel. aviz@hadassah.org.il
Czerninski
Rakefet
R
Sgan-Cohen
Harold D
HD
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D018912:Arabs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D005887:Gingival Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D007585:Jews / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008048:Lip Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D008875:Middle Aged; D009060:Mouth Floor / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D010157:Palatal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult