title: Strong association between respiratory viral infection early after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the development of life-threatening acute and chronic alloimmune lung syndromes.
abstract: Alloimmune lung syndromes (allo-LS), including idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, are severe complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In our cohort of 110 pediatric patients, 30 had allo-LS (27.3%), 18 with idiopathic pneumonia syndrome and 12 with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Multivariate analysis showed that respiratory viral infection early after HSCT is an important predictor for the development of allo-LS (P <.0001). This was true for all viruses tested. In multivariate analysis, allo-LS was the only predictor for higher mortality (P = .04). Paradoxically, prolonged administration of immunosuppressive agents because of acute graft-versus-host disease had a protective effect on the development of allo-LS (P = .004). We hypothesize that early infection of the respiratory tract with a common cold virus makes the lungs a target for alloimmunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology/Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands. a.b.versluys@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: A Birgitta
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Versluys
authors.forename: John W A
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Rossen
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Ewijk
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schuurman
authors.forename: Marc B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bierings
authors.forename: Jaap J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Boelens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003139:Common Cold / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D036101:Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D012008:Recurrence; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013577:Syndrome; D013997:Time Factors; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007519:Isoantigens