title: High-level rapid production of full-size monoclonal antibodies in plants by a single-vector DNA replicon system.
abstract: Plant viral vectors have great potential in rapid production of important pharmaceutical proteins. However, high-yield production of hetero-oligomeric proteins that require the expression and assembly of two or more protein subunits often suffers problems due to the "competing" nature of viral vectors derived from the same virus. Previously we reported that a bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV)-derived, three-component DNA replicon system allows rapid production of single recombinant proteins in plants (Huang et al., 2009. Biotechnol Bioeng 103: 706-714). In this article, we report further development of this expression system for its application in high-yield production of oligomeric protein complexes including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in plants. We showed that the BeYDV replicon system permits simultaneous efficient replication of two DNA replicons and thus, high-level accumulation of two recombinant proteins in the same plant cell. We also demonstrated that a single vector that contains multiple replicon cassettes was as efficient as the three-component system in driving the expression of two distinct proteins. Using either the non-competing, three-vector system or the multi-replicon single vector, we produced both the heavy and light chain subunits of a protective IgG mAb 6D8 against Ebola virus GP1 (Wilson et al., 2000. Science 287: 1664-1666) at 0.5 mg of mAb per gram leaf fresh weight within 4 days post-infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We further demonstrated that full-size tetrameric IgG complex containing two heavy and two light chains was efficiently assembled and readily purified, and retained its functionality in specific binding to inactivated Ebola virus. Thus, our single-vector replicon system provides high-yield production capacity for hetero-oligomeric proteins, yet eliminates the difficult task of identifying non-competing virus and the need for co-infection of multiple expression modules. The multi-replicon vector represents a significant advance in transient expression technology for antibody production in plants.
authors.affiliation: The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-4501, USA.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Waranyoo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Phoolcharoen
authors.forename: Huafang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Khanrat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Piensook
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardineau
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeitlin
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Whaley
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Arntzen
authors.forename: Hugh S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D017791:Geminiviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C113189:envelope glycoprotein, Ebola virus