title: Evaluation of the efficacy and cross-protectivity of recent human and swine vaccines against the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection.
abstract: The current pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus remains transmissible among humans worldwide with cases of reverse zoonosis, providing opportunities to produce more pathogenic variants which could pose greater human health concerns. To investigate whether recent seasonal human or swine H1N1 vaccines could induce cross-reactive immune responses against infection with the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, mice, ferrets or mini-pigs were administered with various regimens (once or twice) and antigen content (1.77, 3.5 or 7.5 microg HA) of a-Brsibane/59/07, a-CAN01/04 or RgCA/04/09xPR8 vaccine. Receipt of a-CAN01/04 (2-doses) but not a-Brisbane/59/07 induced detectable but modest (20-40 units) cross-reactive serum antibody against CA/04/09 by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) assays in mice. Only double administration (7.5 microg HA) of both vaccine in ferrets could elicit cross-reactivity (30-60 HI titers). Similar antigen content of a-CAN01/04 in mini-pigs also caused a modest approximately 30 HI titers (twice vaccinated). However, vaccine-induced antibody titers could not suppress active virus replication in the lungs (mice) or virus shedding (ferrets and pigs) of immunized hosts intranasally challenged with CA/04/09. Furthermore, neither ferrets nor swine could abrogate aerosol transmission of the virus into naïve contact animals. Altogether, these results suggest that neither recent human nor animal H1N1 vaccine could provide complete protectivity in all animal models. Thus, this study warrants the need for strain-specific vaccines that could yield the optimal protection desired for humans and/or animals.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Philippe Noriel Q
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Pascua
authors.forename: Min-Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jun Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kuk Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyeok-Il
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Yun Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Seung-Pyo
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jong-Bok
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rho
authors.forename: Chul-Joong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Haryoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poo
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ryoo
authors.forename: Moon-Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Young Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D001831:Body Temperature; D056738:Cross Protection / Q000276:immunology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005289:Ferrets / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012621:Seasons; D013552:Swine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D013556:Swine, Miniature / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014611:Vaccination; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D006388:Hemagglutinins; D007252:Influenza Vaccines