title: Newly recognized bocaviruses (HBoV, HBoV2) in children and adults with gastrointestinal illness in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The human bocavirus (HBoV) is a newly recognized parvovirus associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal disease. Recently, two new members of the parvovirus family have been recognized, HBoV2 and HBoV3.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Here we investigate stool and respiratory samples for the presence of HBoV, HBoV2 and HBoV3.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stool samples collected from 12/1/2007 to 3/31/2008 were screened by PCR for the presence of HBoV, HBoV2, and HBoV3. Extracted DNA from respiratory specimens archived between 10/17/2005 and 3/29/2006 were screened by PCR for HBoV2 and HBoV3. Medical records for all bocavirus positive patients were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 479 stool samples screened, 328 (68.5%) were from adults, and 151 (31.5%) were from children. Sixteen (3.4%) patients were positive for the presence of a bocavirus, including 10 (2.1%) HBoV and 6 (1.3%) HBoV2. No HBoV3 was detected in stool samples. Frequency of HBoV and HBoV2 in stool samples from children was 3.3% and 0.7%, and from adults was 1.5% and 1.5% respectively. Clinical findings in patients with HBoV and HBoV2 in stool include diarrhea (50% and 83.3%), abdominal pain (40%, 33.3%), and cough (10%, 50%). Of 868 respiratory samples screened, none were positive for either HBoV2 or HBoV3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The newly recognized parvovirus HBoV2 circulates in the United States. Patients with bocaviruses in stool have evidence of gastrointestinal illness. HBoV2 was not detected in respiratory samples. HBoV3 was not detected in either stool or respiratory samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals - Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Brian D W
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Frank P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Esper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D056661:Human bocavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult