title: Teaching transrectal palpation of the internal genital organs in cattle.
abstract: In this article, a simulation model for rectal palpation teaching in cows, Breed'n Betsy, is evaluated. Furthermore, the learning process of rectal palpation is depicted during a training period in live cows. In experiment 1, eight students were trained in live cows (group A) and nine students were trained using Breed'n Betsy (group B). After 25 palpations, their ability to localize and evaluate structures was evaluated in practical tests in live cows. Group A had higher results than group B (p<0.001) and were more skilled at localizing the uterus and localizing and evaluating the ovaries (p<0.05). Group B was better at pregnancy diagnosis (nonsignificant). Results suggest that Breed'n Betsy cannot fully replace training in live cows, but may be a valuable addition to the classical teaching method. Suggestions for future improvement are made. In experiment 2, 10 students were intensely trained in live cows throughout the year and evaluated in practical tests at three time points (September, January, and March). Results were analyzed as a function of time point and the category of experience (1: 0-50 cows; 2: 50-100 cows; 3: 100-150 cows; 4: 150-200 cows; 5: >200 cows). Results increased in time (p<0.05) and were higher in categories 3, 4, and 5 than in category 1 (p<0.05). Although all of the students in the higher categories successfully localized the cervix, uterus, and ovaries, they had difficulties in interpreting these structures, suggesting that palpation of 200 cows is insufficient to reach a consistent level of expertise.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. philippe.bossaert@ugent.be
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bossaert
authors.forename: Lieselot
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leterme
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caluwaerts
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cools
authors.forename: Miel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hostens
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kolkman
authors.forename: Aart
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Kruif
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D000715:Anatomy / Q000193:education; D001530:Belgium; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D004520:Education, Veterinary / Q000379:methods; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D012582:Schools, Veterinary; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching