title: Concurrent versus sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy in limited disease small cell lung cancer: a retrospective comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with limited-disease small cell lung cancer are treated with chemotherapy and chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy. Treatment schemes with curative intention include sequential or concurrent chemoradiotherapy, both combined with prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). It is unclear which scheme is superior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Until 2001, patients received 4-5 cycles of chemotherapy. In cases of no complete response, palliative radiotherapy (RT) was given in 13 fractions of 3 Gy (CT-RT group, N=26). A total of 89 patients did not receive RT after chemotherapy (CT group). After complete response, curatively intended RT was given, of 16x2.5 Gy, concurrently with PCI of 15x2 Gy (SCT-RT group, N=111). From 2001, 40 patients received 4-5 cycles of chemotherapy concurrently with RT of 25x1.8 Gy. PCI was applied to patients with complete response (CCT-RT group). Endpoints were median survival time (MST) and overall survival (OS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MST of CT, CT-RT, SCT-RT and CCT-RT were 8.1, 12.5, 14.0 and 21.8 months, and 5-year OS 3.5, 4.8, 10.5 and 26.9%, respectively. Frequencies of brain metastasis after PCI in SCT-RT and CCT-RT patients were 16.4% and 8.7%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concurrent chemoradiotherapy resulted in longer MST and higher OS than sequential chemoradiotherapy, chemotherapy with palliative radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone. Results may improve further by applying PCI at an earlier stage and increasing the RT dose.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Radiotherapy, Q00.118, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands. S.Y.ElSharouni@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Sherif Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: El Sharouni
authors.forename: Henk B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kal
authors.forename: Angeliqué
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barten-Van Rijbroek
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Struikmans
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Battermann
authors.forename: Franz M N H
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Schramel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors