title: HDAC1 nuclear export induced by pathological conditions is essential for the onset of axonal damage.
abstract: Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is a nuclear enzyme involved in transcriptional repression. We detected cytosolic HDAC1 in damaged axons in brains of humans with multiple sclerosis and of mice with cuprizone-induced demyelination, in ex vivo models of demyelination and in cultured neurons exposed to glutamate and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Nuclear export of HDAC1 was mediated by the interaction with the nuclear receptor CRM-1 and led to impaired mitochondrial transport. The formation of complexes between exported HDAC1 and members of the kinesin family of motor proteins hindered the interaction with cargo molecules, thereby inhibiting mitochondrial movement and inducing localized beading. This effect was prevented by inhibiting HDAC1 nuclear export with leptomycin B, treating neurons with pharmacological inhibitors of HDAC activity or silencing HDAC1 but not other HDAC isoforms. Together these data identify nuclear export of HDAC1 as a critical event for impaired mitochondrial transport in damaged neurons.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Neuroscience at the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Jin Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Siming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Owain
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Casaccia
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003471:Cuprizone; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D028884:Karyopherins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein
chemical_list: D003471:Cuprizone; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1; D028884:Karyopherins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein; C110550:HDAC1 protein, human; C484389:Hdac1 protein, mouse