title: Quality of life after surgery for rectal cancer with special reference to pelvic floor dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conventional outcomes such as survival, tumour recurrence and complication rates after surgery for rectal cancer have been rigorously assessed, but the importance of maintaining quality of life (QOL) after surgery for rectal cancer has received less attention. The aim of the current study was to analyse QOL and the occurrence of pelvic dysfunction after the surgical treatment of rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 2005 and May 2008, 150 patients with rectal cancer underwent abdominoperineal resection (APR) or anterior resection (AR). Seventy-four answered two preoperative questionnaires. At a follow up of 1 year, 65 were alive without sign of recurrence and answered the same questionnaires: (a) validated RAND 36-item health survey QOL questionnaire; and (b) self-administered disease-related questionnaire with special reference to anorectal and urogenital function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postoperative general QOL was similar after surgery, and mental functioning was better (P < 0.001). Problems with physical functions were associated with anal dysfunction after AR (P < 0.001) and problems with social functioning were associated with urinary dysfunction (P = 0.038). At 1 year after surgery, urinary incontinence was worse (P = 0.026) after all operations, and the incidence of dysuria was higher after APR than AR (P = 0.001). Male sexual function also worsened (P = 0.060). Anorectal dysfunction caused more inconvenience among patients who underwent AR (P = 0.028). Preoperative radiation was associated with postoperative ejaculation problems (P = 0.028) and anal incontinence (P = 0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors affecting QOL and pelvic floor function should be taken into account when making treatment decisions in rectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Turku University Hospital Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland. pirita.varpe@tyks.fi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Varpe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huhtinen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rantala
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salminen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rautava
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hurme
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grönroos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D053159:Dysuria / Q000209:etiology; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D057566:Self Report; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology