title: Polarized absorption, spontaneous and stimulated blue light emission of J-type tetraphenylbutadiene monocrystals.
abstract: Blue amplified spontaneous emission at room temperature is demonstrated from the exposed face of the strongly emitting organic semiconductor 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene in single crystal form. The symmetry of the crystal and calculation of lattice sums indicate the J-type organization of the molecular transition moments. The minimum in the lowest exciton dispersion branch, from which emission takes place, is found at the edge of the Brillouin zone leading to a dominant vibronic emission since the zero-phonon line is forbidden. The observed gain narrowed line is attributed to the vibronic replica which becomes amplified with increased pumping. The reported emission is along the normal to the exposed crystal face, important for the development of vertical cavity geometry lasers based on organic single crystals. The threshold excitation fluence of 400 microJ cm(-2) is comparable to other organic crystalline systems, even if the amplification path is much reduced as a consequence of the vertical geometry. Considering these relevant aspects, the optical characterization of this material is provided. The polarized absorption spectra are reported and the properties of the lowest-energy excitonic state investigated. Calculation of the electronic transitions for the isolated molecule, lattice sums for the transition at lowest energy, and the symmetry of the crystal allow attributing the largest face of the samples and the observed optical bands in the spectra. Polarized time-resolved spectra are also reported allowing to identify the intrinsic excitonic emission.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 53, I-20125 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tavazzi
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miozzo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papagni
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spearman
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ianelli
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Girlando
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camposeo
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polo
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pisignano