title: Prospective study of physical activity and risk of primary adenocarcinomas of the oesophagus and stomach in the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition) cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the association between types of physical activity (occupational, recreational and household, vigorous and overall) and risk of primary oesophageal (OAC) or gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  From nine European countries, 420,449 participants were recruited between 1991 and 2000 and followed-up for a mean of 8.8 years to register incident GAC and OAC. Information on physical activity (PA), diet, lifestyle and health-related variables was obtained at baseline. Helicobacter pylori infection status was considered in a subset of 1,211 participants. Analyses were repeated by tumour site (cardia/non-cardia) and histological type (intestinal/diffuse).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up, 410 GAC and 80 OAC occurred. A lower risk of overall and non-cardia GAC was found for increasing levels of a PA index which combined occupational PA with weekly time spent in sports and cycling. The hazard ratio (HR) of GAC was 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.94, for the comparison between active and inactive participants according to the PA index (HR = 0.44, 95% CI:0.26-0.74, for non-cardia GAC). No effect was found for cardia tumours or histological subtypes of GAC. PA of any kind was not associated with OAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall and distal (non-cardia) gastric tumours were inversely associated with time spent on cycling and sports and a total PA index. No association was found for any type of PA and risk of cardia cancers of the stomach.
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. jmhuerta.carm@gmail.com
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Huerta
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: María-Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chirlaque
authors.forename: María-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tormo
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steindorf
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buckland
authors.forename: Fátima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.forename: Nina Føns
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Johnsen
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stegger
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boutron-Ruault
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clavel-Chapelon
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morois
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaaks
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohrmann
authors.forename: Matthäus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vigl
authors.forename: Pagona
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lagiou
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trichopoulos
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Evelyn M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Monninkhof
authors.forename: Mattijs E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Numans
authors.forename: Petra H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mattiello
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pala
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agudo
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ardanaz
authors.forename: Larraitz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arriola
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molina-Montes
authors.forename: Laudina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindkvist
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manjer
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stenling
authors.forename: Eiliv
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Francesca L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: Mazda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jenab
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Norat
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romaguera
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*