title: Imbalance of oxidative/anti-oxidative status induced by periodontitis is involved in apoptosis of rat submandibular glands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epidemiologic studies suggest a relationship between periodontitis and salivary gland dysfunction. A rat periodontitis model was used to investigate whether a causal relationship exists between periodontitis and pathological changes of submandibular glands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were divided into two groups (n=7/group): a control group and periodontitis group. Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement around the mandibular first molars. Serum levels for reactive oxygen metabolites, anti-oxidant and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were measured at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks. At 4 weeks, the levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine were determined to evaluate oxidative damage of submandibular glands. Expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) as well as histological findings were also evaluated in the submandibular glands.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rats with experimental periodontitis showed increase in the levels of serum reactive oxygen metabolites and TNF-alpha, and a decrease of anti-oxidant power in a time-dependent manner. At 4 weeks, these rats also had significantly increased levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and TNF-alpha, and increased number of TUNEL-positive cells and vacuolisation in the submandibular glands compared to the control rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imbalance of circulating oxidative/anti-oxidative status may be involved in vacuolisation and apoptosis of submandibular glands in the rat periodontitis model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ekuni
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Naofumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomofuji
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine