title: Acute retinal necrosis: the effects of intravitreal foscarnet and virus type on outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of intravitreal foscarnet and the clinical differences between varicella zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) induced acute retinal necrosis (ARN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective comparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one eyes of 74 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case note analysis was performed in 2 tertiary referral centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presenting and final visual acuity, and progression to retinal detachment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three eyes had HSV-ARN and 48 had VZV-ARN. The average age for HSV-ARN was 34 years and 51 for VZV-ARN (P<0.001). Visual acuity on presentation was similar (P = 0.48), but a larger proportion had better vision (> or =20/60) in the HSV-ARN group (52%) than the VZV-ARN group (35%). A greater proportion of eyes with poor vision (< or =20/200) was found at the 12-month follow-up in the VZV-ARN group (60%) compared with the HSV-ARN group (35%). A greater degree of visual loss in the VZV-ARN group (0.4 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) compared with the HSV-ARN group (0.04 logMAR) was detected (P = 0.016). Retinal detachment was 2.5-fold more common in VZV-ARN (62%) compared with HSV-ARN (24%). When comparing eyes treated with (n = 56) and without (n = 25) intravitreal foscarnet, there was a 40% lower rate in retinal detachment (53.6% vs 75.0%) for VZV-ARN (P = 0.23). The numbers with HSV-ARN were too small for analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the difference of outcome in HSV-ARN and VZV-ARN. Therefore, viral identification serves as a key to predicting outcome in these patients. Intravitreal foscarnet seems to be a useful adjunct for the treatment of ARN in that it reduced rate of retinal detachment.
authors.affiliation: Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. roger.wong@gstt.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pavesio
authors.forename: D Alistair H
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Laidlaw
authors.forename: Tom H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Miles R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Stanford
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D015828:Eye Infections, Viral / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D017245:Foscarnet / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006563:Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D014645:Herpesvirus 3, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000821:virology; D015882:Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017245:Foscarnet; D000212:Acyclovir