title: Acute hepatitis B virus infection with simultaneous high HBsAg and high anti-HBs signals in a previously HBV vaccinated HIV-1 positive patient.
abstract: We present a case of a clinical manifest hepatitis B virus infection and a potentially misleading HBV serological profile in an HIV-1 positive patient despite previous HBV vaccination. The patient presented with an acute hepatitis B and there was no indication of chronic HBV infection or the presence of a mutation in the 'a' determinant. Remarkably, simultaneously with high HBV surface antigen and HBV viral load, high anti-HBs antibodies were present. If, due to previous HBV vaccination only anti-HBs was tested in this patient, the result of the high anti-HBs antibodies could be very misleading and offering a false sense of security. Our findings contribute to the ongoing discussion on how to assess HBV specific immunological memory and determining the role of HBV booster vaccinations in immunocompromised individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. Laura.van.Dommelen@MUMC.nl
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Dommelen
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verbon
authors.forename: H Rogier
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: van Doorn
authors.forename: Valère J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Goossens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines