title: Clinical correlates of pain with second-trimester genetic amniocentesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the correlation of clinical factors and maternal perceptions of pain with genetic amniocentesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study of midtrimester, singleton pregnancies was conducted between February 2007 and March 2008. Study variables included patient dermographics, previous amniocentesis, previous abdominal surgery, maternal anxiety score, abdominal wall thickness, needle insertion through placenta and the depth of needle insertion. Maternal pain with performing amniocentesis was subjectively quantified with the Thai short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. The independent T-test, one way ANOVA and linear regression were used for analysis, a probability value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty-five pregnant women participated in the present study: 18.4% reported no pain, 69.6% described the pain as mild, 11.2% described the pain as discomforting and 0.8% described the pain as horrible. Mean intensity of pain was 2.1 +/- 1.9 (on a scale 0-10). Pain was most often described as fearful, shooting, throbbing and sharp. Parity, gestational age, maternal BMI, anxiety score, previous surgery, needle insertion through the placenta, abdominal wall thickness and the depth of needle insertion were not correlated with perceived pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the women reported no pain or mild or discomfort with genetic amniocentesis. Clinical factors were not associated with maternal perceptions of pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nakornping Hospital, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand.
authors.forename: Watcharin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Suntornlimsiri
authors.forename: Kanchana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naunkeaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D055815:Young Adult