title: The effect of colesevelam hydrochloride on insulin sensitivity and secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the effect of colesevelam hydrochloride on insulin sensitivity, potential binding to glucose, and chronic effect(s) on fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients meeting inclusion criteria were withdrawn from all antidiabetes agents for 2 weeks and randomized to colesevelam 3.75 grams/day (n = 17) or placebo (n = 18) for 8 weeks. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies were performed at baseline (week -1) and weeks 2 and 8. A meal tolerance test was conducted at weeks -1, 0, 2, and 8. The meal tolerance test and study drug were coadministered at week 0 to assess the direct effect of colesevelam on glucose absorption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin sensitivity as measured by the insulin clamp method did not change, but the Matsuda Index, a measure of whole-body insulin sensitivity calculated from postmeal tolerance test glucose and insulin levels, increased significantly within the colesevelam group from baseline to week 8 with last observation carried forward (P = 0.020). The postprandial area under the curve for glucose decreased with colesevelam versus placebo at weeks 2 and 8 with last observation carried forward (P = 0.012 and P = 0.061, respectively); the area under the curve for insulin did not decrease in concert with the decrease in area under the curve for glucose at week 2 (P = 0.585). Colesevelam had no effect on postmeal tolerance test glucose levels at week 0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that colesevelam has no effect on peripheral insulin sensitivity or glucose absorption, but may improve glucose control by improving whole-body insulin sensitivity, although not by an acute effect on glucose absorption. CLINICAL TRIAL IDENTIFIER: NCT00361153.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes & Glandular Disease Clinic of San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA. slschwartz@dgdclinic.com
authors.forename: Sherwyn L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Yu-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Jianbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Stacey L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Abby
authors.forename: Soamnauth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Misir
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Sukumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagendran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000499:Allylamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069472:Colesevelam Hydrochloride; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010919:Placebos; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010919:Placebos; D000499:Allylamine; D000069472:Colesevelam Hydrochloride