title: Biomarkers in neuroendocrine tumors.
abstract: Here, we review the role of clinical biomarkers (tissue and circulating markers) in the management of neuroendocrine tumors. These tumors may originate in different organs, from cells embriologically different but expressing common phenotypic characteristics, such as the immuno-reactivity for markers of neuro endocrine differentiation (defined as "pan-neuroendocrine"), the capacity to sec rete specific or aspecific peptide and hormones, and the expression of some receptors, that are at the basis of the current diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute Aviano, Aviano, PN, Italy. mberretta@cro.it
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berretta
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cappellani
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Vita
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berretta
authors.forename: Guglielmo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nasti
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bearz
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tirelli
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Canzonieri
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004798:Enzymes; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D036361:Peptide Hormones