title: Factors influencing the long-term survival in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy after chemoradiotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salvage esophagectomy is potentially the only treatment available that can offer a chance of long-term survival when definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) fails to achieve local control for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, salvage esophagectomy is a highly invasive procedure with various postoperative complications compared to planned esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). We hypothesize that severe postoperative complications may affect not only surgical mortality but also tumor recurrence and long-term survival for patients with salvage esophagectomy after definitive CRT.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the present study we reviewed the surgical procedures, postoperative complications, and the prognosis of 65 consecutive patients with thoracic ESCC who underwent the esophagectomy after neoadjuvant (neoadjuvant group: n = 40) or definitive (salvage group: n = 25) CRT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most patients underwent right-transthoracic extended esophagectomy and reconstruction using gastric conduit by way of subcutaneous route with left cervical anastomosis. The incidence of postoperative pneumonia was found to be higher in the salvage group than in the neoadjuvant group. In both groups, the survival of patients with R0 resection was significantly better than those with R1/R2 resection. Moreover, in the salvage group, the postoperative survival rate of patients with pneumonia or bacteremia/sepsis was significantly lower than that for patients who did not suffer the same complications. In the neoadjuvant group, R0 resection was selected to be the only independent prognostic factor in univariate and multivariate analysis. In contrast, in the salvage group, R0 resection and bacteremia/sepsis remained significant and were independent of the other factors in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reveals that postoperative morbidity affects not only the perioperative mortality but also the long-term survival of patients with ESCC who undergo salvage esophagectomy after definitive CRT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. hiroyatakeuchi@aol.com
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saikawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: Soji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: Norihito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Tsunehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Rieko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shigematsu
authors.forename: Nobutoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome