title: [Two severe tetanus cases infected in an urban area of Kawasaki City].
abstract: We report two cases of severe tetanus infection. Case 1: A 73-year-old non-vaccinated man who fell in a local park developed a wound on the left little finger. The wound was debrided and a tetanus toxin shot given on day 4 following the injury. He developed trismus on day 6 requiring deep sedation and mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU), with human anti-tetanus immune globulin (TIG) and antibiotics administered. Despite a very severe autonomic dysfunction, he recovered and was discharged mobile after 2 months of rehabilitation. Case 2: A 37-year-old woman fully vaccinated against tetanus in her childhood had apparently had booster vaccine for at least 20 years and was being treated for hyperthyroidism with thiamazole. She sustained two lacerations on the fingers of her right hand in her backyard. She noticed difficulty in opening her mouth on day 3 following the injury and was seen on day 7, for high fever and difficulty in speaking. She was diagnosed clinically as having tetanus and underwent wound debridement, and a shot of tetanus toxin, TIG, and antibiotics. On hospital admission day 2, she developed spasms and her blood pressure dropped drastically. She died the next day due to endotoxin shock caused by other bacteria. C. tetani is widely distributed in Japan, and these cases underscore the importance of maintaining adequate tetanus antibody levels through booster administration every 10 years in immune adults and appropriate post-exposure treatment with tetanus toxin and/or prophylactic TIG administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oosone
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akizuki
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nozaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002958:City Planning; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D013742:Tetanus / Q000276:immunology