title: Monitoring in vivo load transmission through an external fixator.
abstract: This work presents a portable non-invasive external fixator to assess and monitor fracture healing in real time. To evaluate the potential of this fixator, a transverse osteotomy was performed in the tibia of six adult sheep (mean age 3+/-0.5 years and weight 63+/-5 kg). The fractures were stabilized by a specially designed unilateral external fixator, which was instrumented by means of a set of strain gauges. Strains in the external surface of the fixator were monitored during all the healing process. A wireless, remote monitoring of the implant was developed through a specially designed external telemetric device. The strain gauges were arranged in two different half-bridge Wheatstone configurations, allowing easy post-processing of the signal. Thus, bending loads were measured in two planes of the external fixator acting as a load cell. The load through the fixator was evaluated for the gait cycle during all the healing process. Full weight bearing of the injured leg was observed from the beginning. The load transmission mechanism in the fixator was quite similar in all operated tibias and radiographic images showed a successful healing in all animals. Although the fixator has only been tested in an animal model, after further testing this system may have clinical potential.
authors.affiliation: Group of Structural Mechanics and Materials Modelling, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grasa
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gómez-Benito
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: González-Torres
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Asiaín
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Quero
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Aznar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012756:Sheep; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014160:Transducers, Pressure; D016474:Weight-Bearing