ECM-based materials in cardiovascular applications: Inherent healing potential and augmentation of native regenerative processes.
The in vivo healing process of vascular grafts involves the interaction of many contributing factors. The ability of vascular grafts to provide an environment which allows successful accomplishment of this process is extremely difficult. Poor endothelisation, inflammation, infection, occlusion, thrombosis, hyperplasia and pseudoaneurysms are common issues with synthetic grafts in vivo. Advanced materials composed of decellularised extracellular matrices (ECM) have been shown to promote the healing process via modulation of the host immune response, resistance to bacterial infections, allowing re-innervation and reestablishing homeostasis in the healing region. The physiological balance within the newly developed vascular tissue is maintained via the recreation of correct biorheology and mechanotransduction factors including host immune response, infection control, homing and the attraction of progenitor cells and infiltration by host tissue. Here, we review the progress in this tissue engineering approach, the enhancement potential of ECM materials and future prospects to reach the clinical environment.
Piterina
Anna V
AV
Centre for Applied Biomedical Engineering Research (CABER), Department of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering, and Materials and Surface Science Institute (MSSI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Cloonan
Aidan J
AJ
Centre for Applied Biomedical Engineering Research (CABER), Department of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering, and Materials and Surface Science Institute (MSSI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Meaney
Claire L
CL
Centre for Applied Biomedical Engineering Research (CABER), Department of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering, and Materials and Surface Science Institute (MSSI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Davis
Laura M
LM
Centre for Applied Biomedical Engineering Research (CABER), Department of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering, and Materials and Surface Science Institute (MSSI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Callanan
Anthony
A
Centre for Applied Biomedical Engineering Research (CABER), Department of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering, and Materials and Surface Science Institute (MSSI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Walsh
Michael T
MT
Centre for Applied Biomedical Engineering Research (CABER), Department of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering, and Materials and Surface Science Institute (MSSI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
McGloughlin
Tim M
TM
Centre for Applied Biomedical Engineering Research (CABER), Department of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering, and Materials and Surface Science Institute (MSSI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012038:Regeneration; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
D001672:Biocompatible Materials