title: Smoking behavior in women with locally advanced cervical carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess cigarette use and environmental smoke exposure in women with cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Smoking behavior was recorded prospectively in a clinical trial of women with locally advanced cervical carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 315 participants, 133 women (42%) were current smokers; 72 women (23%) were former smokers, and 110 women (35%) were never smokers. Current smokers began smoking earlier (16 vs 18 years; P = .009), for more years (29 vs 24 years; P = .005), and in greater amounts (20 vs 11 cigarettes/d; P < .001) than former smokers. Active smokers lived more often with another smoker (63.3%), compared with former smokers (35.0%; P < .001) or never-smokers (28.7%; P < .001). Agreement between self-report and urine cotinine level was high (kappa = 0.872; P < .001). A significant decrease in cotinine level during treatment occurred in 5.2% of current smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of smoking and tobacco consumption was twice that of the North American female population. Few smokers quit or decreased consumption during treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. steven.waggoner@UHhospitals.org
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Waggoner
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Darcy
authors.forename: Chunqiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Rachelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lanciano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine