title: Influence of natural bovine enamel roughness on bond strength after etching.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine and compare the longitudinal and transverse roughness parameters of the enamel surface of bovine teeth and evaluate the influence of these parameters on bond strength.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety bovine incisors were used. The surface roughness of enamel was measured with a profilometer. For each tooth, five readings were taken in the longitudinal plane and five were taken in the transverse plane of the long axis of the tooth in an area equal to the size of the bracket base. The metal brackets were bonded with Transbond XT, and bond strength was evaluated in a universal test machine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistical correlation (P < .01) between the longitudinal and transverse roughness measurements. There was no correlation between roughness measurements (longitudinal and transverse) and bond strength (P > .05), nor was there a correlation between total roughness (longitudinal Ra and transverse Ra) and bond strength. The Student's t-test showed that there was a statistically significant difference (P < .05) between longitudinal and transverse roughness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transverse roughness is greater than the longitudinal roughness, there is a strong correlation between longitudinal and transverse roughness, and there is no correlation between enamel roughness and bond strength.
authors.affiliation: Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Adriano
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sabatoski
authors.forename: Ivan Toshio
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Maruo
authors.forename: Elisa Souza
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Odilon Guariza
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.forename: Orlando Motohiro
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maruo
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT; C030242:phosphoric acid