title: Uterotonic use at home births in low-income countries: a literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This literature review compiles data on rates of use, indications, types of provider, mode of administration, and dose of uterotonics used for home births in low-income countries, and identifies gaps meriting further research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published and unpublished English language articles from 1995 through 2008 pertaining to home use of uterotonics were identified via electronic searches of medical and social science databases. In addition, bibliographies of articles were examined for eligible studies. Data were abstracted and analyzed by the objectives outlined for this review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three articles met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Use rates of uterotonics at home births ranged widely from 1% to 69%, with the large majority of observations from South Asia. Descriptive studies suggest that home use of uterotonics before delivery of the baby are predominantly administered by nonprofessionals to accelerate labor, and are not perceived as unsafe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To achieve maximum benefit and minimal harm, programs that increase access to uterotonics for postpartum hemorrhage prevention must take into account existing practices among pregnant women. Further research regarding access to uterotonics and intervention studies for provider behavior change regarding uterotonic use is warranted.
authors.affiliation: The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA. dawn@gwmail.gwu.edu
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Flandermeyer
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Armbruster
mesh_terms: D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006700:Home Childbirth; D006801:Humans; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics