title: Cost-effectiveness of shared pharmaceutical care for older patients: RESPECT trial findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pharmaceutical care serves as a collaborative model for medication review. Its use is advocated for older patients, although its cost-effectiveness is unknown. Although the accompanying article on clinical effectiveness from the RESPECT (Randomised Evaluation of Shared Prescribing for Elderly people in the Community over Time) trial finds no statistically significant impact on prescribing for older patients undergoing pharmaceutical care, economic evaluations are based on an estimation, rather than hypothesis testing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical care for older people compared with usual care, according to National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) reference case standards.
  
  
  METHODS
  An economic evaluation was undertaken in which NICE reference case standards were applied to data collected in the RESPECT trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, pharmaceutical care is estimated to cost an incremental 10 000 UK pounds per additional quality-adjusted life year (QALY). If the NHS's cost-effectiveness threshold is between 20 000 and 30 000 UK pounds per extra QALY, then the results indicate that pharmaceutical care is cost-effective despite a lack of statistical significance to this effect. However, the statistical uncertainty surrounding the estimates implies that the probability that pharmaceutical care is not cost-effective lies between 0.22 and 0.19. Although results are not sensitive to assumptions about costs, they differ between subgroups: in patients aged >75 years pharmaceutical care appears more cost-effective for those who are younger or on fewer repeat medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although pharmaceutical care is estimated to be cost-effective in the UK, the results are uncertain and further research into its long-term benefits may be worthwhile.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000191:economics*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D005260:Female; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000191:economics; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs