title: Meta-analysis of the effects of triazole-based fungicides on wheat yield and test weight as influenced by Fusarium head blight intensity.
abstract: ABSTRACT Multivariate random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on 12 years of data from 14 U.S. states to determine the mean yield and test-weight responses of wheat to treatment with propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, and prothioconazole+tebuconazole. All fungicides led to a significant increase in mean yield and test weight relative to the check (D; P < 0.001). Metconazole resulted in the highest overall yield increase, with a D of 450 kg/ha, followed by prothioconazole+ tebuconazole (444.5 kg/ha), prothioconazole (419.1 kg/ha), tebuconazole (272.6 kg/ha), and propiconazole (199.6 kg/ha). Metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole also resulted in the highest increases in test weight, with D values of 17.4 to 19.4 kg/m(3), respectively. On a relative scale, the best three fungicides resulted in an overall 13.8 to 15.0% increase in yield but only a 2.5 to 2.8% increase in test weight. Except for prothioconazole+tebuconazole, wheat type significantly affected the yield response to treatment; depending on the fungicide, D was 110.0 to 163.7 kg/ha higher in spring than in soft-red winter wheat. Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease index (field or plot-level severity) in the untreated check plots, a measure of the risk of disease development in a study, had a significant effect on the yield response to treatment, in that D increased with increasing FHB index. The probability was estimated that fungicide treatment in a randomly selected study will result in a positive yield increase (p(+)) and increases of at least 250 and 500 kg/ha (p(250) and p(500), respectively). For the three most effective fungicide treatments (metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole) at the higher selected FHB index, p(+) was very large (e.g., >/=0.99 for both wheat types) but p(500) was considerably lower (e.g., 0.78 to 0.92 for spring and 0.54 to 0.68 for soft-red winter wheat); at the lower FHB index, p(500) for the same three fungicides was 0.34 to 0.36 for spring and only 0.09 to 0.23 for soft-red winter wheat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: McMullen
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hershman
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Madden
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005670:Fusarium; D010935:Plant Diseases; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D014230:Triazoles