title: An exclusively human milk-based diet is associated with a lower rate of necrotizing enterocolitis than a diet of human milk and bovine milk-based products.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the health benefits of an exclusively human milk-based diet compared with a diet of both human milk and bovine milk-based products in extremely premature infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants fed their own mothers' milk were randomized to 1 of 3 study groups. Groups HM100 and HM40 received pasteurized donor human milk-based human milk fortifier when the enteral intake was 100 and 40 mL/kg/d, respectively, and both groups received pasteurized donor human milk if no mother's milk was available. Group BOV received bovine milk-based human milk fortifier when the enteral intake was 100 mL/kg/d and preterm formula if no mother's milk was available. Outcomes included duration of parenteral nutrition, morbidity, and growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3 groups (total n = 207 infants) had similar baseline demographic variables, duration of parenteral nutrition, rates of late-onset sepsis, and growth. The groups receiving an exclusively human milk diet had significantly lower rates of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC; P = .02) and NEC requiring surgical intervention (P = .007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For extremely premature infants, an exclusively human milk-based diet is associated with significantly lower rates of NEC and surgical NEC when compared with a mother's milk-based diet that also includes bovine milk-based products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schanler
authors.forename: Jae H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Aloka L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trawöger
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Cynthia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: C Michael
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cotten
authors.forename: Nirupama
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laroia
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ehrenkranz
authors.forename: Golde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dudell
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cristofalo
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Martin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rechtman
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D043302:Cultured Milk Products; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods*; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D008895:Milk, Human; D011379:Prognosis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology