title: Low pressure catalytic co-conversion of biogenic waste (rapeseed cake) and vegetable oil.
abstract: Zeolite catalysts of three types (H-ZSM-5, Fe-ZSM-5 and H-Beta) were tested in the catalytic co-conversion of rapeseed cake and safflower oil into bio-fuel. This low pressure process was carried out at the temperatures of 350 and 400 degrees Celsius. The yields and compositions of the product mixtures depended on the catalyst nature and the process temperatures. The produced organic phases consisted mainly of hydrocarbons, fatty acids and nitriles. This mixture possessed improved characteristics (e.g. heating value, water content, density, viscosity, pH) compared with the bio-oils, making possible its application as a bio-fuel. The most effective catalyst, providing the highest yield of organic liquid phase, was the highly acidic/wide-pore H-Beta zeolite. The products obtained on this catalyst demonstrated the highest degree of deoxygenation and the higher HHV (Higher Heating Value). The aqueous liquid phase contained water-soluble carboxylic acids, phenols and heterocyclic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 21a, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Kanellina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Giannakopoulou
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lukas
authors.forename: Aleksey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vasiliev
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schnitzer
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis; D004602:Elements; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D011312:Pressure; D012450:Safflower Oil / Q000378:metabolism*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004602:Elements; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014866:Waste Products; D012450:Safflower Oil