title: Inhibition of Akt signaling by exclusion from lipid rafts in normal and transformed epidermal keratinocytes.
abstract: Lipid rafts are cholesterol-rich plasma membrane domains that regulate signal transduction. Because our earlier work indicated that raft disruption inhibited proliferation and caused cell death, we investigated here the role of membrane cholesterol, the crucial raft constituent, in the regulation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Raft disruption was achieved in normal human keratinocytes and precancerous (HaCaT) or transformed (A431) keratinocytes by cholesterol extraction or inactivation with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, filipin III, or 5-cholestene-5-beta-ol. Lipid raft disruption did not affect PI3K binding to its main target, the epidermal growth factor receptor, nor its ability to convert phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate but impaired Akt phosphorylation at the regulatory sites Thr(308) and Ser(473). Diminished Akt activity resulted in deactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin, activation of FoxO3a, and increased sensitivity to apoptosis stimuli. Lipid raft disruption abrogated the binding of Akt and the major Akt kinase, phosphatidylinositol-dependent kinase 1, to the membrane by pleckstrin-homology domains. Thus, the integrity of lipid rafts is required for the activity of Akt and cell survival and may serve as a potential pharmacological target in the treatment of epidermal cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calay
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vind-Kezunovic
authors.forename: Aurelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frankart
authors.forename: Sylviane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Poumay
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gniadecki
mesh_terms: D064413:3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases; D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D024581:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating) / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D064413:3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002784:Cholesterol; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005047:Etoposide; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D024581:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating); D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C499517:FOXO3 protein, human; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; C546842:MTOR protein, human