title: Activated nickel platform for electrochemical sensing of phosphate.
abstract: We report here a highly selective enzymeless approach for the determination of phosphate (PO(4)(3-)) by flow injection analysis (FIA). In this system, the activation of barrel plated nickel electrode (Ni-BPE) in alkaline media to form a Ni(OH)(2)/NiO(OH) film was found to trigger the adsorption of phosphate at the electrode surface. Based on the suppressed current of the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose at the activated Ni-BPE in 0.1 M NaOH solution caused by adsorption of phosphate, we develop an FIA detection scheme for the determination of phosphate. Under the optimized conditions of flow rate = 300 microL/min and detection potential = 0.55 V vs Ag/AgCl with 25 microM glucose in 0.1 M NaOH as carrier solution, the calibration curve showed a linear range up to 1 mM. Possible interferences from the coexisting ions were also investigated. The results demonstrated that sensor could be used for the determination of phosphate in the presence of nitrate, chloride, sulfate, acetate, oxalate, carbonate, and some anionic species of toxicological and environmental interest, such as chlorate, chromate, and arsenate ions. The electrode can be effectively regenerated without extra treatment under the hydrodynamic condition. For eight continuous injections of 40 microM PO(4)(3-), a relative standard deviation of 0.28% was obtained, indicating good reproducibility of the proposed method. The detection limit (S/N = 3) was calculated as 0.3 microM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Ling
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jun-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sue
authors.forename: Wei-Chung
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jen-Lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jyh-Myng
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zen
mesh_terms: D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D009532:Nickel; D005947:Glucose