title: Vitrification may increase the rate of chromosome misalignment in the metaphase II spindle of human mature oocytes.
abstract: The metaphase II (MII) spindle of the human oocyte may be damaged by cryopreservation. High performance confocal microscopy was used to assess meiotic spindle and chromosome organization in oocytes after vitrification by the cryoleaf system. Three hours after retrieval, donor mature oocytes were fixed or vitrified. Vitrification was performed by equilibration in 7.5% ethylene glycol (EG) and 7.5% dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), transfer to 15% EG, 15% DMSO and 0.5 mol/l sucrose, and loading onto cryoleaf strips. Tubulin staining was found in all survived vitrified-warmed oocytes, the majority (62.8%) of which displayed a bipolar spindle. A normal bipolar spindle configuration and equatorial chromosome alignment was observed only in a part of vitrified-warmed oocytes (32.6%). This frequency was significantly lower in comparison to fresh oocytes (59.1%). In another fraction of vitrified-warmed oocytes (30.2%), spindle bipolarity was associated to one or more non-aligned scattered chromosomes that often appeared tenuously associated with the lateral microtubules of the spindle. Furthermore, in cryopreserved oocytes with a bipolar spindle, a significantly increased pole-to-pole distance (14.9 +/- 2.3 microm) was found in comparison to the fresh control (12.4 +/- 2.6 microm) (P = 0.001). Therefore, under the conditions tested, vitrified-warmed oocytes maintain a MII spindle with a bipolar organization. However, chromosome alignment appears to be partly compromised.
authors.affiliation: Tecnobios Procreazione, Centre for Reproductive Health, Via Dante 15, 40125 Bologna, Italy. coticchio@tecnobiosprocreazione.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coticchio
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bromfield
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sciajno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gambardella
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scaravelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borini
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Albertini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000187:drug effects*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008677:Metaphase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D014404:Tubulin