title: In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Acer tegmentosum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acer tegmentosum has been traditionally used for folk medicine to treat hepatic disorders such as hepatitis, hepatic cancer, and hepatic cirrhosis. In this study, we demonstrate the ethno-pharmacological activity of Acer tegmentosum in in vitro and in vivo inflammatory conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 70% ethanol extract (At-EE) of Acer tegmentosum dose-dependently diminished the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and prostaglandin (PG)E(2), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages, by a transcriptional mechanism. At-EE also suppressed the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, activator protein (AP)-1, and cAMP-responsive element binding (CREB), and simultaneously blocked their upstream inflammatory signalling cascades, including Akt, p38, and JNK. Furthermore, At-EE protected against LPS-induced cell death induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and neutralized reactive species generation. In agreement with the in vitro results, orally administered At-EE strongly ameliorated ear oedema formation induced by arachidonic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At-EE displays strong anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo, contributing to its major ethno-pharmacological role such as anti-hepatitis remedy and may be applicable to novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jaehwi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yong Gyu
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Se Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Byeon
authors.forename: Min Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun-Hwa
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Yong Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sun Gu
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Youl
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D031002:Acer / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D017931:DNA Primers; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol; D015232:Dinoprostone