title: Pedicled perforator flaps: a new principle in reconstructive surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the evolution of flap physiology and reconstruction, there has been a trend of decreased donor-site morbidity. In this article, the chronology of flap reconstruction is discussed, with particular emphasis on the current state of nonmicrosurgical perforator based flaps.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was conducted to study the evolution of flap physiology and reconstruction. Using this database, the authors describe the evolution of pedicled perforator flap reconstruction. Various examples of perforator-based flaps are discussed in this article.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature review identified examples of scenarios where pedicled perforator flaps from various regions of the body are viable options. Several clinical cases are presented with respect to each region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pedicled perforator flaps are a new concept in nonmicrosurgical perforator flap reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Boston, Mass. From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School.
authors.forename: Bernard T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Samuel J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Eran D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Bar-Meir
authors.forename: Loren J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Borud
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Upton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*