title: Reasons women at elevated risk of breast cancer refuse breast MR imaging screening: ACRIN 6666.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine reasons for nonparticipation in a trial of supplemental screening with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging after mammography and ultrasonography (US).
  
  
  METHODS
  Women(n = 2809) at elevated risk of breast cancer were enrolled in the American College of Radiology Imaging Network 6666 US Screening Protocol at 21 institutions. Fourteen institutions met technical and experience requirements for this institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant substudy of supplemental screening with MR imaging. Those women who had completed 0-, 12-, and 24-month screenings with mammography combined with US were considered for a single contrast material-enhanced MR examination within 8 weeks after completing the 24-month mammography-US screening. A total of 1593 women had complete MR substudy registration data: 378 of them were ineligible for the study, and 1215 had analyzable data. Reasons for nonparticipation were determined. Demographic data were compared between study participants and nonparticipants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1215 women with analyzable data, 703 (57.9%), with a mean age of 54.8 years, were enrolled in the MR substudy and 512 (42.1%) declined participation. Women with a 25% or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer were more likely to participate (odds ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval: 1.10, 2.12). Of 512 nonparticipants, 130 (25.4%) refused owing to claustrophobia; 93 (18.2%), owing to time constraints; 62 (12.1%), owing to financial concerns; 47 (9.2%), because their physician would not provide a referral and/or did not believe MR imaging was indicated; 40 (7.8%), because they were not interested; 39 (7.6%), because they were medically intolerant to MR imaging; 29 (5.7%), because they did not want to undergo intravenous injection; 27 (5.3%), owing to additional biopsy or other procedures that might be required subsequently; 21 (4.1%), owing to MR imaging scheduling constraints; 11 (2.2%), because of the travel required; seven (1.4%), owing to gadolinium-related risks or allergies; and six (1.2%), for unknown reasons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of 1215 women with elevated breast cancer risk who could, according to protocol guidelines, undergo breast MR imaging, only 57.9% agreed to participate.
authors.affiliation: American Radiology Services, Johns Hopkins Green Spring, 10755 Falls Rd, Suite 440, Lutherville, MD 21093, USA. wendieberg@gmail.com
authors.forename: Wendie A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Blume
authors.forename: Amanda M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Roberta A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jong
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lehrer
authors.forename: Etta D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Pisano
authors.forename: W Phil
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hovanessian Larsen
authors.forename: Glenna J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
authors.forename: Ellen B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Mendelson
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000523:psychology*; D008327:Mammography; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000523:psychology*; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary; D014481:United States; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media