title: Influence of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on weight and fat loss in obese women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dairy products not only reduce the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases but may play a role in the treatment of obesity. As there is some evidence that calcium (Ca) and vitamin D may play a role in effective weight management, we decided to evaluate the influence of Ca and vitamin D supplementation on weight and fat loss in obese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty obese women were enrolled in this study. Subjects were divided into 2 groups comparable with body mass index (BMI) and age. Group 1 was provided with calcium carbonate and 1-(OH)-vitamin D supplementation. Group 2 was provided with only a diet. Subjects participated in a 3-month weight reduction therapy (balanced diet, modification of life style, and regular physical exercise). Blood samples (serum concentration of Ca, phosphorus (P), parathormone (PTH), 25-(OH)-D3) and clinical characteristics (weight, height, BMI, body composition) were taken at baseline and after the 3-month program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences of body weight, body fat content, serum parathormone, 25-(OH)-D3 concentration, and plasma total Ca and P concentration were observed between analyzed groups both before and after the treatment. Additionally, we did not observe any significant influence of Ca and vitamin D supplementation on weight and fat loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ca plus vitamin D supplementation during a 3-month low caloric diet has no additional effect on weight and fat loss in obese women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. holomed@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holecki
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zahorska-Markiewicz
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiecek
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizia-Stec
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nieszporek
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zak-Gołab
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D000863:Antacids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000863:Antacids; D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; D010758:Phosphorus; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D002118:Calcium