title: Ketamine eliminates propofol pain but does not affect hemodynamics during induction with double-lumen tubes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Propofol injection during induction of anesthesia induces pain. Ketamine has been shown to reduce the injection pain. However, ketamine has unfavorable adverse effects, including increased secretion production and hemodynamic responses, which might induce pulmonary or hemodynamic adverse events, especially in patients undergoing lung surgery who require a double-lumen tube (DLT). The aim of this study was to determine whether ketamine can safely reduce propofol injection pain during induction of anesthesia for lung surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients scheduled for elective lung surgery requiring DLT were randomly allocated into three groups. Patients received saline (control), ketamine 0.5 mg kg(-1) (0.5 ketamine), or ketamine 1.0 mg kg(-1) (1.0 ketamine), followed by 5 ml propofol 30 s later. An anesthesiologist blinded to the study group assessed pain score during induction, hemodynamics during DLT placement, and secretion production during anesthetic management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment of 0.5 mg kg(-1) ketamine reduced the incidence and intensity of propofol injection pain, whereas 1.0 mg kg(-1) ketamine completely eliminated the pain. There were no significant differences regarding oxygenation during one-lung ventilation (OLV) and hemodynamics during induction among the three groups, although ketamine increased secretion production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One milligram per kilogram of ketamine completely eliminated pain associated with propofol injection without affecting hemodynamics during induction of anesthesia and oxygenation during OLV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Satoki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Toshitaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tojo
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furuya
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine; D010100:Oxygen; D015742:Propofol