title: 3D-conformal accelerated partial breast irradiation treatment planning: the value of surgical clips in the delineation of the lumpectomy cavity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate localisation of the lumpectomy cavity (LC) volume is one of the most critical points in 3D-conformal Partial breast irradiation (3D-APBI) treatment planning because the irradiated volume is restricted to a small breast volume. Here, we studied the role of the placement of surgical clips at the 4 cardinal points of the lumpectomy cavity in target delineation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty CT-based 3D-APBI plans were retrieved on which a total of 4 radiation oncologists, two trainee and two experienced physicians, outlined the lumpectomy cavity. The inter-observer variability of LC contouring was assessed when the CTV was defined as the delineation that encompassed both surgical clips and remodelled breast tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The conformity index of tumour bed delineation was significantly improved by the placement of surgical clips within the LC (median at 0.65). Furthermore, a better conformity index of LC was observed according to the experience of the physicians (median CI = 0.55 for trainee physicians vs 0.65 for experienced physicians).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The placement of surgical clips improved the accuracy of lumpectomy cavity delineation in 3D-APBI. However, a learning curve is needed to improve the conformity index of the lumpectomy cavity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. maiadina@hotmail.fr
authors.forename: Maia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dzhugashvili
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tournay
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pichenot
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dunant
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pessoa
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khallel
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gouy
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uzan
authors.forename: Jean-Rémy
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Garbay
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rimareix
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spielmann
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vielh
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marsiglia
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bourgier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D013525:Surgical Instruments