title: Unusual clinical presentations of gout.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The dogmatic description of gout is described as an inflammatory crystal-induced arthropathy that afflicts peripheral joints. This manuscript describes many recent cases and unusual clinical presentations of gout. Emphasis is placed on the ability of gout to cause diagnostic dilemmas that can impact patient treatment and care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Various genetic mutations can predispose patients in developing early onset gout. Environmental exposures, medications, and certain patient populations can affect pathophysiology of uric acid, predisposing patients both typical and atypical manifestations of gout. Numerous reports have described gout deposition in unusual parts of the body, which can mimic unrelated disease processes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although classic gout is still most commonly seen, the disease can manifest as with a wide array of presentations. It is likely that such atypical presentations are a result of a complexity of reasons. When presented with a diagnostic challenge in a patient with gout, the clinician should be aware of unusual manifestations of gout and consider it in the differential.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Tony C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Keenan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006073:Gout / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid