title: Unique biological properties and application potentials of CD34+ CD38- stem cells from various sources.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Somatic CD34+ CD38- stem cells can differentiate into cells of hematopoietic and endothelial lineages and have been clinically used to treat diseases. These stem cells can be obtained from cord blood (CB), bone marrow or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood. Unmasking genes differentially expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from different anatomic locations can improve our understanding of their basic biological features and help in clinical decision making when applying different HSCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed microarray analysis on human CD34+ CD38- HSCs isolated from CB, bone marrow and peripheral blood. Systems biology and advanced bioinformatics tools were used to better understand the biological modules and genetic networks accompanying each HSC subtype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified HSC genes differentially expressed in various HSCs and found them to be involved in critical biological processes such as cell cycle regulation, cell motility, and endogenous antigen presentation. Among these three HSC types, HSCs from CB expressed the fewest rejection and immune response-associated genes, thereby showing the best potential as a transplantation source. Analysis of HSC-enriched genes using systems biology tools revealed a complex genetic network functioning in different CD34+ CD38- cells, in which several genes act as hubs, such as MYC in CB HSCs and hepatic growth factor in bone marrow HSCs, to maintain the stability or connectivity of the whole network.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the foundation for a more detailed understanding of CD34+ CD38- HSCs from different sources, and reveals the potentials of different HSCs for different clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tao-Yeuan
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shing-Jyh
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Margaret Dah-Tsyr
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hsei-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D001853:Bone Marrow; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018189:Immunomagnetic Separation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1