title: The composition of oil phase modulates venous irritation of lipid emulsion-loaded diallyl trisulfide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, a nanoemulsion system (LE) was investigated for intravenous delivery of diallyl trisulfide (DT), which was a lipophilic and venous irritant drug for systemic therapy of bacterial and fungal infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Egg phospholipid was chosen as the only emulsifier, soybean oil, medium chain triglyceride (MCT), and olive oil were used as the oil phases, forming stable DT LEs (o/w) with small particle sizes. The venous irritation of DT LEs was evaluated by in vitro human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUV-EC CRL 1730) tolerance model with the intracellular ATP and GTP concentrations as the indices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intracellular ATP and GTP reduction changed with the incorporation of a variety of oils, which were strongly related with the free DT concentration of DT LEs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was deduced that the free DT concentrations of LEs made of various oils depended on the particle sizes of the DT LEs. In conclusion, the oil phases modulated the free DT concentrations by forming DT LEs with different particle sizes, and optimization of the oil phase was an effective method to alleviate the venous irritation of DT LEs.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
authors.forename: Chengwen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Jiangling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Huabing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huibi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiangliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007509:Irritants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D008055:Lipids; D009821:Oils; D010316:Particle Size; D013440:Sulfides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D007509:Irritants; D008055:Lipids; D009821:Oils; D013440:Sulfides; C042577:diallyl trisulfide