title: Silver nanospheres are cytotoxic and genotoxic to fish cells.
abstract: Nanoparticles are being widely investigated for a range of applications due to their unique physical properties. For example, silver nanoparticles are used in commercial products for their antibacterial and antifungal properties. Some of these products are likely to result in silver nanoparticles reaching the aquatic environment. As such, nanoparticles pose a health concern for humans and aquatic species. We used a medaka (Oryzias latipes) cell line to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of 30nm diameter silver nanospheres. Treatments of 0.05, 0.3, 0.5, 3 and 5microg/cm(2) induced 80, 45.7, 24.3, 1 and 0.1% survival, respectively, in a colony forming assay. Silver nanoparticles also induced chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy. Treatments of 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.3microg/cm(2) induced damage in 8, 10.8, 16 and 15.8% of metaphases and 10.8, 15.6, 24 and 24 total aberrations in 100 metaphases, respectively. These data show that silver nanoparticles are cytotoxic and genotoxic to fish cells.
authors.affiliation: Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., P.O. Box 9300, Portland, ME 04104, USA. john.wise@maine.edu <john.wise@maine.edu>
authors.forename: John Pierce
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Britton C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Goodale
authors.forename: Sandra S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Adam F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Pongan
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: W Douglas
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Ah-Kau
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: AbouEl-Makarim
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aboueissa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Spalding
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mason
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002477:Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D054118:Nanospheres / Q000633:toxicity*; D009990:Oryzias; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012834:Silver