title: Function of nuclear transport factor 2 and Ran in the 20E signal transduction pathway in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nuclear transport factor 2 and small GTPase Ran participate in the nucleo-cytoplasm transport of macromolecules, but their function in the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signal transduction pathway are not well known.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 703 bp encoding Ntf2 and a 1233 bp encoding Ran full-length cDNAs were cloned from Helicoverpa armigera, and named Ha-Ntf2 and Ha-Ran, respectively. Northern blot and immunoblotting revealed that Ha-Ntf2 had an obviously higher expression levels in the head-thorax and integument of the metamorphically committed larvae. In contrast, the expression of Ha-Ran did not show obvious variation at various developmental stages in four tissues by immunoblotting analysis, except in the midgut, which showed increased expression from 5th-36 h (molting) to 6th-48 h. Both expressions of Ha-Ntf2 and Ha-Ran could be upregulated by 20E in vitro. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Ha-Ntf2 and Ha-Ran were primarily localized in the nucleus of various tissues. Protein binding assay and co-immunoprecipitation indicated that Ha-Ntf2 and Ha-Ran can combine with each other in vitro and in vivo. Knock down of Ha-Ntf2 or Ha-Ran by RNAi resulted in the suppression of other 20E regulated genes including EcR-B1, USP1, E75B, BR-CZ2, HHR3 and Ha-eIF5c. In addition, the knockdown of Ha-Ntf2 resulted in Ha-Ran being prevented in the cytoplasm. The nuclear location of the ecdysone receptor b1 (EcR-B1) was also blocked after the knockdown of Ha-Ntf2 and Ha-Ran.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These evidences suggested that Ha-Ntf2 and Ha-Ran participated in the 20E signal transduction pathway by regulating the location of EcR-B1.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong-Juan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei-Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jin-Xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qi-Sheng
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Xiao-Fan
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004441:Ecdysterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D009036:Moths / Q000378:metabolism*; D029543:Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D034622:RNA Interference; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029543:Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; C055469:ecdysone receptor; D004441:Ecdysterone; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein