title: Matrix-based fertilizers reduce nutrient and bacterial leaching after manure application in a greenhouse column study.
abstract: We tested the efficacy of matrix-based fertilizers (MBFs) to reduce Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., NH(4), NO(3), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and total phosphorus (TP) in leachate and soil after dairy manure application in greenhouse column studies. The MBFs are composed of inorganic N and P in compounds that are relatively loosely bound (MBF8) to more tightly bound (MBF9) mixtures using combinations of starch, cellulose, lignin, Al(2)(SO(4))(3)18H(2)O, and/or Fe(2)(SO(4))(3)3H(2)O to create a matrix that slowly releases the nutrients. One day after the first dairy manure application, E. coli numbers were greater in leachate from control columns than in leachate from columns receiving MBFs. After three dairy manure applications, E. coli and Enterococcus spp. numbers in leachates were not consistently different between controls and columns receiving MBFs. When MBF8 was applied to the soil, the total amount of DRP, TP, NH(4), and NO(3) in leachate was lower than in the control columns. Bermudagrass receiving MBFs had greater shoot, root, and total biomass than grass growing in the control columns. Grass shoot, root, and total biomass did not differ among columns receiving MBFs. Nitrogen and phosphorus bound to the Al(2)(SO(4))(3)18H(2)O or Fe(2)(SO(4))(3)3H(2)O-lignin-cellulose matrix become gradually available to plants over the growing season. The MBF8 and MBF9 formulations do not depend on organic or inorganic coatings to reduce N and P leaching and have the potential with further testing and development to provide an effective method to reduce N and P leaching from soils treated with animal waste.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab., 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83443, USA. James_Entry@nps.gov
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Entry
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sojka
authors.forename: Brendan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hicks
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry*; D031744:Cynodon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000502:physiology; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis*; D008372:Manure; D009573:Nitrites / Q000737:chemistry*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D008372:Manure; D009573:Nitrites; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus; D000641:Ammonia