title: Hepatitis B and hepatitis C seroprevalence in children receiving antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in China, 2005-2009.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coinfection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) may compromise pediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) in China. In this study, we evaluated the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in children receiving ART and associated factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were selected from HIV-1-infected children under age 16 enrolled in China National Pediatric ART Cohort since July 2005. Medical assessments, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and anti-HCV antibody serologies, and transaminase levels were obtained for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 53 of 1082 children tested were HBsAg seropositive [4.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.6% to 6.2%], and 90 of 938 children tested were anti-HCV antibody positive (9.6%; 95% CI: 7.7% to 11.5%). No other serologic assays were performed for HBV detection. Age was associated with HBV coinfection in univariate analysis; older children were more likely to be HBsAg positive. Multivariate analysis revealed that children infected with HIV through transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products were more likely to be anti-HCV antibody positive than those infected with HIV through other routes (adjusted odds ratio = 6.2; 95% CI: 3.3% to 11.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of HBV and HCV coinfection in HIV-infected children in China receiving ART demands routine screening for viral hepatitis coinfection, intensive prevention of childhood HBV and HCV transmission, and modification of the management of pediatric HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Treatment and Care, National Center for AIDS/STI Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shuntai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Huiqin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulterys
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Fujie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies