title: Separate mechanisms cause anemia in ischemic vs. nonischemic murine heart failure.
abstract: In ischemic congestive heart failure (CHF), anemia is associated with poor prognosis. Whether anemia develops in nonischemic CHF is uncertain. The hematopoietic inhibitors TNF-alpha and nitric oxide (NO) are activated in ischemic CHF. We examined whether mice with ischemic or nonischemic CHF develop anemia and whether TNF-alpha and NO are involved. We studied mice (n = 7-9 per group) with CHF either due to myocardial infarction (MI) or to overexpression of the Ca(2+)-binding protein calsequestrin (CSQ) or to induced cardiac disruption of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 2 gene (SERCA2 KO). Hematopoiesis was analyzed by colony formation of CD34(+) bone marrow cells. Hemoglobin concentration was 14.0 +/- 0.4 g/dl (mean +/- SD) in controls, while it was decreased to 10.1 +/- 0.4, 9.7 +/- 0.4, and 9.6 +/- 0.3 g/dl in MI, CSQ, and SERCA2 KO, respectively (P < 0.05). Colony numbers per 100,000 CD34(+) cells in the three CHF groups were reduced to 33 +/- 3 (MI), 34 +/- 3 (CSQ), and 39 +/- 3 (SERCA2 KO) compared with 68 +/- 4 in controls (P < 0.05). Plasma TNF-alpha nearly doubled in MI, and addition of anti-TNF-alpha antibody normalized colony formation. Inhibition of colony formation was completely abolished with blockade of endothelial NO synthase in CSQ and SERCA2 KO, but not in MI. In conclusion, the mechanism of anemia in CHF depends on the etiology of cardiac disease; whereas TNF-alpha impairs hematopoiesis in CHF following MI, NO inhibits blood cell formation in nonischemic murine CHF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. p.o.iversen@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Per O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: Kristin B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Alexandra V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Finsen
authors.forename: Ivar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sjaastad
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: von Lueder
authors.forename: Ole M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Sejersted
authors.forename: Havard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Attramadal
authors.forename: Geir
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002155:Calsequestrin; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000502:physiology*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002155:Calsequestrin; C503130:Casq1 protein, mouse; D006454:Hemoglobins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; C506947:Atp2a2 protein, mouse