title: Integrating type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression treatment among African Americans: a randomized controlled pilot trial.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine whether integrating depression treatment into care for type 2 diabetes mellitus among older African Americans improved medication adherence, glycemic control, and depression outcomes.
  
  
  
  Older African Americans prescribed pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression from physicians at a large primary care practice in west Philadelphia were randomly assigned to an integrated care intervention or usual care. Adherence was assessed at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 weeks using the Medication Event Monitoring System to assess adherence. Outcomes assessed at baseline and 12 weeks included standard laboratory tests to measure glycemic control and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to assess depression.
  
  
  
  In all, 58 participants aged 50 to 80 years participated. The proportion of participants who had 80% or greater adherence to an oral hypoglycemic (intervention 62.1% vs usual care 24.1%) and an antidepressant (intervention 62.1% vs usual care 10.3%) was greater in the intervention group in comparison with the usual care group at 6 weeks. Participants in the integrated care intervention had lower levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (intervention 6.7% vs usual care 7.9%) and fewer depressive symptoms (CES-D mean scores: intervention 9.6 vs usual care 16.6) compared with participants in the usual care group at 12 weeks.
  
  
  
  A pilot randomized controlled trial integrating type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment and depression was successful in improving outcomes among older African Americans. Integrated interventions may be more feasible and effective in real-world practices with competing demands for limited resources.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
authors.forename: Hillary R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Bogner
authors.affiliation: The Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
authors.forename: Heather F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: de Vries
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D015143:Philadelphia; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018511:Systems Integration
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents