title: Essential oils in the treatment of intestinal dysbiosis: A preliminary in vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dysbiosis is associated with a number of gastrointestinal and systemic disorders. There is a need for selectively acting antimicrobial agents capable of inhibiting the growth of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, or those found to be out of balance, while not negatively impacting the bulk gastrointestinal tract microflora.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study is to examine the potential of a selection of essential oils as agents to treat dysbiosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight essential oils were examined using the agar dilution method, including Carum carvi, Citrus aurantium var. amara, Foeniculum vulgare dulce, Illicium verum, Lavandula angustifolia, Mentha arvensis, Mentha x piperita, and Trachyspermum copticum. Doubling dilutions of the essential oils were tested against 12 species of intestinal bacteria, which represent the major genera found in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carum carvi, Lavandula angustifolia, Trachyspermum copticum, and Citrus aurantium var. amara essential oils displayed the greatest degree of selectivity, inhibiting the growth of potential pathogens at concentrations that had no effect on the beneficial bacteria examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most promising essential oils for the treatment of intestinal dysbiosis are Carum carvi, Lavandula angustifolia, Trachyspermum copticum, and Citrus aurantium var. amara. The herbs from which these oils are derived have long been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms and the in vitro results of this study suggest that their ingestion will have little detrimental impact on beneficial members of the GIT microflora. More research is needed, however, to investigate tolerability and safety concerns, and verify the selective action of these agents.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University. drjah13@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hawrelak
authors.forename: Trudi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cattley
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D029974:Carum; D002957:Citrus; D028526:Coriandrum; D030001:Foeniculum; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D036142:Mentha piperita; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils