title: Transposition of the malpositioned nipple-areola complex in breast reconstruction with implants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of breast reconstruction after breast cancer is to obtain symmetrical breasts, including the nipple-areola complex. However, in some cases the nipple-areola complex may not be symmetrical even though a symmetrical breast shape has been created. In such cases the nipple-areola complex has been transpositioned, leaving a scar to close the wound or skin graft in the original position.
  
  
  METHODS
  To treat this problem, skin surrounding the areola is removed and two pedicles are created to bear the nipple-areola complex. The nipple-areola complex is then moved to the proposed position and the surrounding circular edge of the skin is closed using a purse-string suture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The author performed this technique in three nipple-areolae of two patients. All the nipple-areolae were transposed to the proposed position to create symmetrical breasts without any complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique can be used when the malpositioned nipple-areola complex is not too far from the proposed position. The nipple-areola complex can be moved without leaving any scar at the original position of the complex.
authors.affiliation: Mega Clinic, 1-18-5 Higashinakajima, Higashiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 533-0033, Japan. info@mega-clinic.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018427:Breast Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D044584:Carcinoma, Ductal / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D015625:Tissue Expansion Devices