title: Assessment of physical illness by mental health clinicians during intake visits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study explored how mental health clinicians assess and respond to physical illness among patients presenting for mental health intake evaluations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 129 adults were seen for a mental health intake visit. The intake visits were videotaped and involved 47 mental health clinicians from eight clinics who provided outpatient mental health and substance abuse treatment. A total of 120 videos of patient-provider interactions were coded using an information checklist containing 21 physical illness items. Twenty-eight intake visits exemplifying in-depth physical illness assessments were selected and transcribed for qualitative analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physical health was discussed in most intake visits (87%). Clinicians elicited information on physical health in 79 visits (66%), and patients volunteered such information in 80 visits (67%). Frequency of assessment differed by clinician discipline (p<.05) and by patient ethnicity (p=.06). Qualitative analysis revealed characteristics of appropriate assessments, such as formulating the contribution of physical conditions in the psychiatric differential diagnosis, noting physical side effects of medications, adjusting treatment plans, encouraging patient contact with primary care providers, and promoting physical health care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of physical illness is relatively common among mental health clinicians but was lacking in one-third of the cases in this study, until raised by patients. Because frequency of assessment differed by clinician discipline and patient ethnicity, innovations in patient assessment and clinician education are needed to address disparities in management of physical illness among individuals with mental illness.
authors.affiliation: Center for Multicultural Mental Health Research,Cambridge Health Alliance, Somerville, MA 02143, USA. ncarson@charesearch.org
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Arlene M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alegría
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D003933:Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D008605:Mental Health Services; D008875:Middle Aged; D024382:Professional Role; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D014743:Videotape Recording; D055815:Young Adult