title: Assessment of the potential risk of infection associated with Clostridium difficile from porcine xenografts.
abstract: There are numerous concerns over the potential for transfer of pathogens between species during clinical xenotransplantation, and although current clinical application is limited, porcine xenografts have been previously used to treat patients with severe burns. Donor animals providing the xenografts are sourced from a healthy commercial herd, however, as pigs are a known source of zoonotic agents, a number of diseases are required to be excluded from pigs used for xenotransplantation purposes. Many studies have indicated the relevance of viral zoonoses, however, little has been done with regard to the potential for transfer of pathogens related to health care associated infections. Clostridium difficile is a major cause of neonatal enteritis in pigs and an important feature of this organism is that pigs can be asymptomatic carriers. This study has examined the incidence of C. difficile PCR ribotypes present in healthy donor pigs to determine if pig faeces, and in particular, contamination of skin with faecal matter, is a potential route for the transfer of C. difficile. Animals were found to have human ribotype 017 present in the faecal matter, however, no C. difficile was isolated from skin samples taken from the same animals. In addition, due to the risk factors associated with C. difficile infection, the antimicrobial susceptibility of the C. difficile isolates has been determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK.
authors.forename: Marwah M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bakri
authors.forename: Alistair D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: Derek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vesely
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crossan
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scobie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology; D013552:Swine; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015047:Zoonoses
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents