title: Phenothiazinium-fluoroquinolone drug conjugates.
abstract: Synthesis and antibacterial screening of a homologous series of 3-dialkylaminophenothiazinium-7-norfloxacin conjugates was carried out alongside a corresponding series of symmetrical methylene blue derivatives. The norfloxacin conjugates maintained typical methylene blue derivative photoproperties, such as long wavelength absorption, but produced no measurable singlet oxygen in the standard assay and provided no significant increase in the magnitude of photoantibacterial action, this being similar to the methylene blue homologues, although both the conjugates and homologues were considerably more active than methylene blue itself both against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. DNA binding via intercalation was considerably greater for the series of norfloxacin conjugates than for the methylene blue homologues.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK. mark_wainwright@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wainwright
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meegan
authors.forename: Ciara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loughran
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Nasima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Valli
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dempster
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D010640:Phenothiazines