title: Full-thickness macular hole after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab in a patient with retinal pigment epithelium detachment and tear.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab in a patient with retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED) and tear.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 67-year-old woman with PED and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear due to age-related macular degeneration was studied by biomicroscopy, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography and was treated with intravitreal ranibizumab.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient developed a FTMH that was observed 1 month after the ranibizumab injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal ranibizumab may create focal sites of tractional forces on the retinal surface while contraction of the choroidal neovascular membrane may also place forces on the RPE and outer retina. Both actions may have as a result contraction and tearing of the retina leading to the formation of a FTMH.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Henry Dunant Hospital, Athens, Greece. elgrigo@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Vlassis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grigoropoulos
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Emfietzoglou
authors.forename: Pantelis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nikolaidis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Theodossiadis
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Theodossiadis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D033401:Microscopy, Acoustic; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000069579:Ranibizumab