title: Low-density lipoprotein and oxysterols suppress the transcription of CTP: Phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase in vitro.
abstract: The rate-limiting step in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesis by the CDP-ethanolamine pathway is the second step, which is catalyzed by CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (ET). The rate-limiting step for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by the CDP-choline pathway is also the second step, which is catalyzed by CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT). The transcription of the most active form of CT, CTalpha, in serum-starved cells was stimulated by fetal bovine serum (FBS). Therefore, we were interested in the effects of FBS on the transcription of ET. Unexpectedly, the ET mRNA levels were significantly increased after NIH3T3 cells were cultured in serum-starved medium (0.5% FBS) longer than 8h, and the increase was suppressed by the addition of FBS. Actinomycin-D inhibited the increased ET mRNA levels in serum-starved cells. ET enzyme activities and protein amounts were also increased after serum starvation. These results suggest that FBS contains substances that inhibit the transcription of ET. To identify these substances, cells were incubated with several fractions of FBS separated by molecular sizes. As expected from the results, low-density lipoprotein, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC), 24-OHC, 27-OHC, 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol and mevalonolactate suppressed the ET mRNA levels in serum-starved cells, similar to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase but not CTalpha. These results suggest that oxysterols are important regulating lipids for the suppression of ET transcription and may help maintain the contents of PE and cholesterol at the same ratio in the cellular membrane.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horibata
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Tetsunari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000494:pharmacology; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D012316:RNA Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004983:Ethanolamines; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003609:Dactinomycin; C028358:24,25-epoxycholesterol; D002784:Cholesterol; D012316:RNA Nucleotidyltransferases; C020126:Ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase