title: In vitro fertilized embryos do not secrete detectable HLA-G on day two.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pregnancy is a successful transplantation. The factors evading rejection of the fetus are poorly understood. Recently an interest has grown, in HLA-G molecules as one of these factors. Since these antigens are mainly expressed on the surface of cytotrophoblasts that are in direct contact with maternal tissues, it has been suggested that these molecules may have a role in induction of immune tolerance in mothers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to find the association of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) and the success of pregnancy with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the supernatant of 287 individually cultured embryos corresponding to 96 women under ICSI procedure were assayed for soluble HLA-G1 and G5 by a sandwich ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical pregnancy successfully occurred in 30 of candidates. No differences in clinical parameters (age, infertility duration, stimulation regimen) were observed between pregnant and nonpregnant women under ICSI procedure. None of the embryo supernatants in either group showed any detectable sHLA-G molecules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that detectable level of sHLA-G is not produced by day 2 embryos and such a measurement may not provide reliable information for embryo selection and estimation of pregnancy success.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Zahra_alinejad_p@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Alinejad
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jafari Shakib
authors.forename: Kambiz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Forghan-Parast
authors.forename: Ziba
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zahiri
authors.forename: Hoseinali
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sadri
authors.forename: Farangis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nagafi
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Roushan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012995:Solubility; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D006680:HLA Antigens; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I