title: Cardiovascular risk profile in Caribbean youth with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of diabetes mellitus type on conventional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients, diagnosed with diabetes from two major referral hospitals in Jamaica, before age 25 years and with diabetes duration < 6 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were classified based on the presence of GAD-65 and IA-2 autoantibodies, C-peptide, leptin and clinical phenotype. Trained observers obtained anthropometric measurements and sitting blood pressure. Fasting blood was taken for glucose, A1c, lipids, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipoprotein profile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-eight participants (21M; 37F age 20 +/- 8 [Mean +/- SD] years, diabetes duration 2.6 +/- 2 years) were enrolled. Thirty-six had Type 1 diabetes (T1D), thirteen Type 2 diabetes (T2D), six were not typed and three had lipoatrophic diabetes. Patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) were more obese with a higher systolic blood pressure but a lower A1c than those with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, LDL and HDL particle numbers were similar in patients with T1D and T2D. HDL-cholesterol and LDL and HDL particle sizes were lower in patients with T2D but differences were no longer significant after adjusting for BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are common in patients with all forms of youth onset diabetes. Clinicians should therefore investigate these risk factors in their patients regardless of diabetes type.
authors.affiliation: The Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies. marshall.tullochreid.@uwimona.edu.jm
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tulloch-Reid
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Boyne
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Smikle
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Choo-Kang
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Parkes
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wright-Pascoe
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wilks
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein