Fungal pattern-recognition receptors and tetraspanins: partners on antigen-presenting cells.
Fungal pattern-recognition receptors (F-PRRs), including C-type lectins, Toll-like receptors, scavenger receptors and Fc/complement receptors, are crucial for inducing anti-fungal immune responses by antigen-presenting cells. The recent identification of specific F-PRR interactions with tetraspanins has shed new light on the functioning of F-PRRs in the cell membrane and subsequent downstream signaling. Tetraspanins are small four-transmembrane proteins that can assemble immune receptors and signaling molecules into functional membrane microdomains. Here, we discuss the implications of this novel type of interaction between F-PRRs and tetraspanins in different subsets of antigen-presenting cells. We postulate that upon fungal binding tetraspanins modulate the function of F-PRRs by their recruitment into tetraspanin microdomains, leading to immune activation or tolerance.
Figdor
Carl G
CG
Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
van Spriel
Annemiek B
AB
D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018448:Models, Immunological; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000276:immunology; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology
D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition