title: Socio-economic differences in self-esteem of adolescents influenced by personality, mental health and social support.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies indicate that self-esteem is lower among adolescents of low socio-economic status and is associated with a number of intrapersonal, interpersonal and socio-cultural factors. Evidence on the mechanisms by which these factors contribute to the connection between socio-economic status and developing self-esteem is incomplete, however. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to assess whether personality, mental health and social support contribute to the relationship between socio-economic status and self-esteem.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 3694 elementary-school students from Slovakia (mean age = 14.3 years, 49% boys) filled out the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the Family Affluence Scale, the Ten-Item Personality Inventory, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire and the Perceived Social Support Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hierarchical linear regression showed family affluence, personality dimensions of extroversion, emotional stability and openness to experience, as well as mental health subscales and social support from family and significant others to be associated with self-esteem. Results indicate that personality dimensions and mental health subscales contribute to the association between family affluence and self-esteem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The contribution of personality and mental problems in the relation between socio-economic status and self-esteem may have important implications for the design of promotional programs aimed at enhancing self-esteem.
authors.affiliation: Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic. zuzana.veselska@upjs.sk
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Veselska
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madarasova Geckova
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gajdosova
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Orosova
authors.forename: Jitse P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: Sijmen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Reijneveld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010551:Personality; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012649:Self Concept; D018154:Slovakia; D012923:Social Class; D012944:Social Support