title: Caveat anicula! Beware of quiet little old ladies: demographic features, pharmacotherapy, readmissions and survival in a 10-year cohort of patients with heart failure and preserved systolic function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether heart failure with preserved systolic function (HFPSF) has different natural history from left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of 10 years of data (for patients admitted between 1 July 1994 and 30 June 2004, and with a study census date of 30 June 2005) routinely collected as part of clinical practice in a large tertiary referral hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sociodemographic characteristics, diagnostic features, comorbid conditions, pharmacotherapies, readmission rates and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 2961 patients admitted with chronic heart failure, 753 had echocardiograms available for this analysis. Of these, 189 (25%) had normal left ventricular size and systolic function. In comparison to patients with LVSD, those with HFPSF were more often female (62.4% v 38.5%; P = 0.001), had less social support, and were more likely to live in nursing homes (17.9% v 7.6%; P < 0.001), and had a greater prevalence of renal impairment (86.7% v 6.2%; P = 0.004), anaemia (34.3% v 6.3%; P = 0.013) and atrial fibrillation (51.3% v 47.1%; P = 0.008), but significantly less ischaemic heart disease (53.4% v 81.2%; P = 0.001). Patients with HFPSF were less likely to be prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (61.9% v 72.5%; P = 0.008); carvedilol was used more frequently in LVSD (1.5% v 8.8%; P < 0.001). Readmission rates were higher in the HFPSF group (median, 2 v 1.5 admissions; P = 0.032), particularly for malignancy (4.2% v 1.8%; P < 0.001) and anaemia (3.9% v 2.3%; P < 0.001). Both groups had the same poor survival rate (P = 0.912).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with HFPSF were predominantly older women with less social support and higher readmission rates for associated comorbid illnesses. We therefore propose that reduced survival in HFPSF may relate more to comorbid conditions than suboptimal cardiac management.
authors.affiliation: Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Dennis T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Robyn A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Benjamin K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Dundon
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Philpott
authors.forename: Payman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Molaee
authors.forename: Sepehr
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakib
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077261:Carvedilol; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D054144:Heart Failure, Diastolic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol