Male osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is a worldwide major public health problem, defined as "a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures". Osteoporosis is diagnosed by bone mineral density measurement (T-score of -2.5 or below) also in men. However, most of the studies carried out in the last decade focused on pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in women. In spite of this, recent epidemiological and observational studies have shown that osteoporosis in men is an increasingly important clinical issue. In part because the world population is aging, it is likely that the total number of hip fractures in men in 2025 will be similar to current estimates in women. Furthermore 25-33% of men in some populations will sustain osteoporotic fractures in their lifetime. Nevertheless, male osteoporosis is still underdiagnosed and further studies are required to clarify the pathogenesis and find out the right therapy. Prevention and early diagnosis are, nowadays, the best ways of treatment.
Rocchietti March
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Department of Internal Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy. massimiliano.rocchietti@uniroma1.it
Pisani
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Aliberti
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D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000728:Androgens / Q000502:physiology; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004967:Estrogens / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013739:Testosterone / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000728:Androgens; D016207:Cytokines; D004164:Diphosphonates; D004967:Estrogens; D013739:Testosterone; D002118:Calcium