title: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for large unilateral pheochromocytoma: experience in a large academic medical center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the treatment of choice for most adrenal lesions. Concerns have persisted about its application to large pheochromocytomas due to reports of hemodynamic instability, difficult dissection, and tumor spillage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy for unilateral pheochromocytoma between 1998 and 2006. Outcome measures including operative time, blood loss, intraoperative hemodynamic instability, conversion rate, complications, and disease recurrence were analyzed based on tumor size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two patients had small tumors and eight had large lesions. These groups did not differ in terms of operative time, blood loss, conversion rate, length of stay or complication rate. Intraoperative hemodynamic instability occurred in 56.7% of cases, but was not different between groups. There were no recurrences in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe and effective treatment for large pheochromocytomas. Intraoperative hemodynamic instability remains a frequent occurrence regardless of tumor size. There were no cases of disease recurrence or iatrogenic pheochromocytosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, OHSU M/C L223A, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El Youssef
authors.forename: Thai H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Brett C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Sheppard
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D007902:Length of Stay; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009922:Oregon / Q000453:epidemiology; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome