title: Social functioning in urban, predominantly African American, socially disadvantaged patients with first-episode nonaffective psychosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Social functioning impairments develop and accumulate even prior to initial treatment-seeking for first-episode psychosis. This study, the first to examine social functioning in low-income, urban, predominantly African American first-episode patients: (1) assesses the internal consistency of Social Functioning Scale (SFS) subscales in this relatively unique sample; (2) identifies demographic and clinical variables that may be predictive of poor social functioning in this particular population; and (3) assesses changes in SFS scores in a subsample re-assessed six months after initial hospitalization.
  
  
  METHODS
  109 participants (age, 23.1+/-4.7years; 76.1% male; 89.9% African American) hospitalized for a first episode of nonaffective psychosis in an urban, public-sector setting were administered the SFS along with other clinical research instruments. 34 (31.2%) returned for a follow-up clinical research assessment six months after baseline assessment. Associations between the variables of interest were analyzed utilizing independent samples Student's t-tests and Pearson correlations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Associations were observed between social functioning domains and negative symptoms (r=-.21--.32, p<.05), depressive symptoms (r=-.20--.23, p<.05), and general psychopathology symptoms (r=-.23--.24, p<.05). No significant differences were found in SFS subscale scores between baseline and six-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deficits in social functioning are meaningfully related to several domains of symptoms, and such deficits may be relatively stable in the early course of psychotic disorders. Such findings may inform development of psychosocial interventions targeting social functioning in first-episode patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Goulding
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bergner
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Compton
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D011203:Poverty / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011610:Psychosocial Deprivation; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012919:Social Behavior; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult