title: Evaluation of erectile dysfunction and associated cardiovascular risk using structured questionnaires in Chinese type 2 diabetic men.
abstract: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is not uncommon, but frequently underdiagnosed in type 2 diabetic men. In this study, we aimed to explore the frequency and severity of ED in Chinese type 2 diabetic men using a structured questionnaire. We furthermore sought to investigate the associations of ED with diabetes-related complications and metabolic indices. A consecutive cohort of 313 Chinese type 2 diabetic men aged between 25 and 76 years attending a diabetic centre were recruited between October 2006 and June 2007. Of the study population, the frequency of ED was 39.3% according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference criteria, compared with 84.3% (41.7% of them having moderate to severe ED) as diagnosed by International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. After adjusting for potential confounding factors by multivariable logistic regression, ED defined by NIH criterion was associated with advanced age [OR = 1.05 (95% CI 1.01-1.09), p = 0.012], the presence of diabetic retinopathy [OR = 2.43 (95% CI 1.27-4.66), p = 0.008] and coronary heart disease [OR = 2.63 (95% CI 1.21-5.70), p = 0.015]. ED defined by IIEF-5 was associated with advanced age [OR = 1.12 (95% CI 1.06-1.17), p < 0.0001], use of insulin therapy [OR = 2.94 (95% CI 1.12-7.73), p = 0.029] and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio [OR = 2.29 (95% CI 1.05-5.01), p = 0.037]. In conclusion, ED was highly prevalent in Chinese type 2 diabetic men and was associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors and complications. Advanced age, use of insulin therapy, the existence of microvascular complications such as retinopathy, albuminuria and coronary heart disease were associated with ED. NIH criteria diagnosed a much lower rate of ED compared with IIEF-5. Overall, structured questionnaires are useful and objective tools to detect ED, which should prompt a comprehensive risk assessment in these subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: C-S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: W-Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: C-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications; D044466:Asian People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D003404:Creatinine