title: Design, synthesis, biological properties, and molecular modeling investigations of novel tacrine derivatives with a combination of acetylcholinesterase inhibition and cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonism.
abstract: Pyrazolines 7-10 were designed as novel CB(1) receptor antagonists, which exhibited improved turbidimetric aqueous solubilities. On the basis of their extended CB(1) antagonist pharmacophore, hybrid molecules exhibiting cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonistic as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibiting activities were designed. The target compounds 12, 13, 20, and 21 are based on 1 (tacrine) as the AChE inhibitor (AChEI) pharmacophore and two different CB(1) antagonistic pharmacophores. The imidazole-based 20 showed high CB(1) receptor affinity (48 nM) in combination with high CB(1)/CB(2) receptor subtype selectivity (>20-fold) and elicited equipotent AChE inhibitory activity as 1. Molecular modeling studies revealed the presence of a binding pocket in the AChE enzyme which nicely accommodates the CB(1) pharmacophores of the target compounds 12, 13, 20, and 21.
authors.affiliation: Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Research Laboratories, C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands. jos.lange@solvay.com
authors.forename: Jos H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Hein K A C
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Coolen
authors.forename: Martina A W
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van der Neut
authors.forename: Alice J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Borst
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stork
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Verveer
authors.forename: Chris G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kruse
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011487:Protein Conformation; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013619:Tacrine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; D013619:Tacrine; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase