title: MEF2C silencing attenuates load-induced left ventricular hypertrophy by modulating mTOR/S6K pathway in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The activation of the members of the myocyte enhancer factor-2 family (MEF2A, B, C and D) of transcription factors promotes cardiac hypertrophy and failure. However, the role of its individual components in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we investigated whether MEF2C plays a role in mediating the left ventricular hypertrophy by pressure overload in mice. The knockdown of myocardial MEF2C induced by specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been shown to attenuate hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis and the rise of ANP levels in aortic banded mice. We detected that the depletion of MEF2C also results in lowered levels of both PGC-1alpha and mitochondrial DNA in the overloaded left ventricle, associated with enhanced AMP:ATP ratio. Additionally, MEF2C depletion was accompanied by defective activation of S6K in response to pressure overload. Treatment with the amino acid leucine stimulated S6K and suppressed the attenuation of left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis in the aforementioned aortic banded mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings represent new evidences that MEF2C depletion attenuates the hypertrophic responses to mechanical stress and highlight the potential of MEF2C to be a target for new therapies to cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Helena M
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Carolina F M Z
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Clemente
authors.forename: Alisson C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Thais H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Theizen
authors.forename: Silvana A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.forename: Carla C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Judice
authors.forename: Maria Carolina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Guido
authors.forename: Vinícius D B
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Pascoal
authors.forename: Iscia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lopes-Cendes
authors.forename: José Roberto M
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Kleber G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Franchini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006439:Hemodynamics; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D051379:Mice; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; C578042:MEF2C protein, rat; C578041:Mef2c protein, mouse; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; C546845:mTOR protein, rat; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; C512964:Rps6ka1 protein, mouse; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases