title: Differential expression of immunomodulatory galectin-1 in peripheral leukocytes and adult tissues and its cytosolic organization in striated muscle.
abstract: Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is important in immune function and muscle regeneration, but its expression and localization in adult tissues and primary leukocytes remain unclear. To address this, we generated a specific monoclonal antibody against Gal-1, termed alphahGal-1, and defined a sequential peptide epitope that it recognizes, which is preserved in human and porcine Gal-1, but not in murine Gal-1. Using alphahGal-1, we found that Gal-1 is expressed in a wide range of porcine tissues, including striated muscle, liver, lung, brain, kidney, spleen, and intestine. In most types of cells, Gal-1 exhibits diffuse cytosolic expression, but in cells within the splenic red pulp, Gal-1 showed both cytosolic and nuclear localization. Gal-1 was also expressed in arterial walls and exhibited prominent cytosolic and nuclear staining in cultured human endothelial cells. However, human peripheral leukocytes and promyelocytic HL60 cells lack detectable Gal-1 and also showed very low levels of Gal-1 mRNA. In striking contrast, Gal-1 exhibited an organized cytosolic staining pattern within striated muscle tissue of cardiac and skeletal muscle and colocalized with sarcomeric actin on I bands. These results provide insights into previously defined roles for Gal-1 in inflammation, immune regulation and muscle biology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dias-Baruffi
authors.forename: Sean R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Stowell
authors.forename: Shuh-Chyung
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Connie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.forename: Moonjae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Lilian C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Marlise A B
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.forename: Marcos A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Rodger P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: McEver
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Cummings
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D037483:Galectin 1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D054792:Muscle, Striated / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D037483:Galectin 1