title: Mortality in men with localized prostate cancer treated with brachytherapy with or without neoadjuvant hormone therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Discrepancies exist regarding the impact of neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT) on the risk of all-cause mortality (ACM) in men who receive brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to examine the effect of NHT on the risk of ACM in men with prostate cancer who receive with brachytherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort included 2474 men with localized prostate cancer who either received NHT (N = 1083) or did not receive NHT (N = 1391) and brachytherapy without supplemental external beam radiation between 1991 and 2005 at centers within the 21st Century Oncology Consortium. All men had at least 2 years of follow-up. Low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk disease was present in 65%, 23%, and 12% of men, respectively. A Cox regression multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the risk of ACM in men who received NHT compared with all others adjusting for age, prostate-specific antigen level, Gleason score, and tumor classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 4.8 years (interquartile range, 3.3-7.5 years) and adjusting for known prostate cancer prognostic factors and age, treatment with NHT was associated significantly with an increased risk of ACM (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.53; P = .04) in men aged > or =73 years. In men who were younger than the median age of 73 years, hormone therapy use was not significant (P = .34).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with men who were younger than the median age of 73 years, men aged > or =73 years with localized prostate cancer who received brachytherapy and NHT had an increased risk of ACM compared with men who did not receive NHT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dosoretz
authors.forename: Ming-Hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sharon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Salenius
authors.forename: Rudolf H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Dosoretz
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Katin
authors.forename: Constantine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mantz
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Nakfoor
authors.forename: Anthony V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: D'Amico
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002423:Cause of Death; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal