title: The effect of CyberDome, a novel 3-dimensional dome-shaped display system, on laparoscopic procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic surgeons require extended experience of cases to overcome the lack of depth perception on a two-dimensional (2D) display. Although a three-dimensional (3D) display was reported to be useful over two decades ago, 3D systems have not been widely used. Recently, we developed a novel 3D dome-shaped display (3DD) system, CyberDome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, a total of 23 students volunteered. We evaluated the effects of the 3DD system on depth perception and laparoscopic procedures in comparison with the 2D, a conventional 3D (3DP) or the 2D high definition (HD) systems using seven tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3DD system significantly improved depth perception and laparoscopic performance compared with the 2D system in six new tasks. We further found that the 3DD system shortened the execution time and reduced the number of errors during suturing and knot tying. The 3DD system also provided more depth perception than the 3DP and 2D HD systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel 3DD system is a promising tool for providing depth perception with high resolution to laparoscopic surgeons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. kenoki@med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kenoki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohuchida
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kenmotsu
authors.forename: Atsuyuki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Takehito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayami
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morooka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Munenori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ieiri
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanoue
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashizume
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055815:Young Adult