title: The neurobiology of psychopathy: a neurodevelopmental perspective.
abstract: We provide an overview of the neurobiological underpinnings of psychopathy. Cognitive and affective-emotional processing deficits are associated with abnormal brain structure and function, particularly the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. There is limited evidence of lower cortisol levels being associated with psychopathic personality. Initial developmental research is beginning to suggest that these neurobiological processes may have their origins early in life. Findings suggest that psychopathic personality may, in part, have a neurodevelopmental basis. Future longitudinal studies delineating neurobiological correlates of the analogues of interpersonal-affective and antisocial features of psychopathy in children are needed to further substantiate a neurodevelopmental hypothesis of psychopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. yugao@sas.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Glenn
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schug
authors.forename: Yaling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raine
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology; D018187:Personal Construct Theory; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone