title: Correlates of cervical Mycoplasma genitalium and risk of preterm birth among Peruvian women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mycoplasma genitalium is associated with cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in nonpregnant women. We investigated associations between cervical M genitalium, demographic and behavioral risk factors for sexually transmitted infection and preterm birth among low-income Peruvian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-control study, conducted at the Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Peru, included 661 cases with a spontaneous preterm birth at <37 weeks and 667 controls who delivered at >or=37 weeks. Within 48 hours after delivery, subjects underwent interviews, medical record review, and collection of cervicovaginal specimens for M. genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by nucleic acid amplification testing, and Trichomonas vaginalis by culture. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for associations between M. genitalium, other genital infections and risk factors, and preterm birth. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cervical M. genitalium was detected in 3% of subjects and was significantly associated with C. trachomatis infection (P < 0.001) and preterm birth (4% vs. 2%; adjusted odds ratio: 2.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.2-5.0, P = 0.014), and marginally associated with T. vaginalis (P = 0.05). M. genitalium detection was also associated with younger maternal age (P = 0.003) but not with other risk factors for preterm birth. The association between cervical M. genitalium detection and preterm birth remained significant after adjustment for maternal age and coinfection with C. trachomatis or T. vaginalis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cervical M. genitalium detection was independently associated with younger maternal age and preterm birth, suggesting that this organism may be an infectious correlate of spontaneous preterm birth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Washington Medical Center, Box 356460, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. jhitti@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hitti
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Totten
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Astete
authors.forename: King K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000382:microbiology; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D045704:Mycoplasma genitalium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000379:methods; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000382:microbiology; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002575:Uterine Cervicitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology