title: PE-CMOS based C-scan ultrasound for foreign object detection in soft tissue.
abstract: In this paper, we introduce a C-scan ultrasound prototype and three imaging modalities for the detection of foreign objects inserted in porcine soft tissue. The object materials include bamboo, plastics, glass and aluminum alloys. The images of foreign objects were acquired using the C-scan ultrasound, a portable B-scan ultrasound, film-based radiography, and computerized radiography. The C-scan ultrasound consists of a plane wave transducer, a compound acoustic lens system, and a newly developed ultrasound sensor array based on the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor coated with piezoelectric material (PE-CMOS). The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the images were analyzed to quantitatively evaluate the detectability using different imaging modalities. The experimental results indicate that the C-scan prototype has better CNR values in 4 out of 7 objects than other modalities. Specifically, the C-scan prototype provides more detail information of the soft tissues without the speckle artifacts that are commonly seen with conventional B-scan ultrasound, and has the same orientation as the standard radiographs but without ionizing radiation.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Science and Information Systems Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA. liu@isis.georgetown.edu
authors.forename: Chu-Chuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shih-Chung Ben
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: Marvin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lasser
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kula
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarcone
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D011859:Radiography; D012666:Semiconductors; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*