title: Great apes track hidden objects after changes in the objects' position and in subject's orientation.
abstract: Eight chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), five bonobos (Pan paniscus), five gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), and seven orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) were presented with two invisible object displacement tasks. In full view of the subject, a food item was hidden under one of three opaque cups resting on a platform and, after an experimental manipulation, the subject was allowed to select one of the cups. In the rotation task, the platform was rotated 180 degrees while the subject remained stationary. In the translocation task, the platform remained stationary while the subject walked to the opposite side from where she saw the reward being hidden. The final position of the food relative to the subject was equivalent in both tasks. Single displacement trials consisted of only one manipulation, either a rotation or a translocation, whereas double displacement trials consisted of both a rotation and a translocation. We also included no displacement trials in which no displacements took place. No displacement trials were easier than single displacements which, in turn, were easier than double displacements. Unlike earlier studies with children, there was no difference in performance between rotation and translocation displacements. Overall, apes performed above chance in all conditions, but chimpanzees outperformed the other species. This study reinforces the notion that the great apes use an allocentric spatial coding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. anna.albiach@eva.mpg.de
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albiach-Serrano
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Call
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001070:Appetitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006071:Gorilla gorilla / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D009949:Orientation; D019974:Pan paniscus / Q000523:psychology*; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000523:psychology*; D011148:Pongo pygmaeus / Q000523:psychology*; D011235:Predatory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D013037:Spatial Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity