title: Impact of online counseling on drug use: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of online counseling abuse counseling on drug use among underserved patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were recruited from an Indian Reservation in Eagle Butte, South Dakota; a family court in Newark, New Jersey; a probation office in Alexandria, Virginia; and a co-occurring disorders treatment clinic in Washington, District of Columbia. Subjects were predominantly poor, undereducated, unemployed, court involved, or diagnosed with co-occurring psychiatric disorders. A total of 79 subjects volunteered to participate in the project. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group. The control and experimental groups were both issued an Internet-ready computer and 1 year of Internet service. Only the experimental group had access to online counseling intervention. Drug use was measured using a combination of self-usage reporting and supervised urine tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urine tests were available for 37% of subjects. Exit surveys containing self-reported usage were obtained from 54% of the subjects. Self-usage reports or urine test results were available from 70% of subjects. The difference of the rates of drug use in the control and experimental groups (as calculated from urine tests or through self-report) was not significantly different from zero, suggesting that online counseling had not led to a reduction in substance use. It is possible that the study lacked sufficient power to detect small differences in the rate of drug use in the experimental and control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional research is needed to establish the efficacy of online counseling in hard-to-reach populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Administration, School of Nursing and Health Studies, 3700 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC 20007, USA. fa@georgetown.edu
authors.forename: Farrokh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alemi
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haack
authors.forename: Susie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nemes
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harge
authors.forename: Heibatollah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baghi
mesh_terms: D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine; D014481:United States