title: Influence of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms on calcineurin inhibitor-related neurotoxicity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One severe side effect of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs: such as cyclosporine [CsA] and tacrolimus [FK506]) is neurotoxicity. CNIs are substrates for CYP3A5 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by ABCB1 gene. In the present study, we hypothesized that genetic variability in CYP3A5 and ABCB1 genes may be associated with CNI-related neurotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of the polymorphisms, such as CYP3A5 A6986G, ABCB1 C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T, associated with CNI-related neurotoxicity were evaluated in 63 patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 63 cases, 15 cases developed CNI-related neurotoxicity. In the CsA patient group (n = 30), age (p = 0.008), hypertension (p = 0.017), renal dysfunction (p < 0.001), ABCB1 C1236T (p < 0.001), and G2677T/A (p = 0.014) were associated with neurotoxicities. The CC genotype at ABCB1 C1236T was associated with it, but not significantly so (p = 0.07), adjusted for age, hypertension, and renal dysfunction. In the FK506 patient group (n = 33), CYP3A5 A6986G (p < 0.001), and ABCB1 C1236T (p = 0.002) were associated with neurotoxicity. At least one A allele at CYP3A5 A6986G (expressor genotype) was strongly associated with it according to logistic regression analysis (p = 0.01; OR, 8.5; 95% CI, 1.4-51.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The polymorphisms in CYP3A5 and ABCB1 genes were associated with CNI-related neurotoxicity. This outcome is probably because of CYP3A5 or P-gp functions or metabolites of CNIs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Tokyo, Japan. m-yanagi@mvi.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: Masakatsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanagimachi
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naruto
authors.forename: Reo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanoshima
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokosuka
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kajiwara
authors.forename: Hisaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Tatsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagihashi
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kosaki
authors.forename: Shumpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokota
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; C510164:CYP3A5 protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A