title: Imaging of goblet cells as a marker for intestinal metaplasia of the stomach by one-photon and two-photon fluorescence endomicroscopy.
abstract: Goblet cells are a requirement for the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. The gastric mucosa is lined by a monolayer of columnar epithelium with some specialization at the crypts, but there are no goblet cells in normal gastric epithelium. The appearance of goblet cells in gastric epithelium is an indicator of potential malignant progression toward adenocarcinoma. Therefore, in vivo three-dimensional imaging of goblet cells is essential for diagnoses of a premalignant stage of gastric cancers called intestinal metaplasia. We used mouse intestine, which has goblet cells, as a model of intestinal metaplasia. One-photon confocal fluorescence endomicroscopy and two-photon fluorescence endomicroscopy are employed for 3-D imaging of goblet cells. The penetration depth, the sectioning ability, and the photobleaching information of imaging are demonstrated. Both endomicroscopy techniques can three-dimensionally observe goblet cells in mouse large intestine and achieve an imaging depth of 176 microm. The two-photon fluorescence endomicroscopy shows higher resolution and contrast of the imaging sections at each depth. In addition, two-photon fluorescence endomicroscopy also has advantages of sectioning ability and less photobleaching. These results prove that two-photon fluorescence endomicroscopy is advantageous in diagnoses of a premalignant stage of gastric cancers.
authors.affiliation: Swinburne University of Technology, Center for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering & Industrial Sciences, P.O. Box 218 John Street, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
authors.forename: Hongchun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boussioutas
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019793:Fluorescein; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology*; D008679:Metaplasia / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / Q000379:methods*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D019793:Fluorescein