title: Efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in patients with cardiovascular disease: a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking cessation is a key component of secondary cardiovascular disease prevention. Varenicline, a partial alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, is effective for smoking cessation in healthy smokers, but its efficacy and safety in smokers with cardiovascular disease are unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial compared the efficacy and safety of varenicline with placebo for smoking cessation in 714 smokers with stable cardiovascular disease. Participants received varenicline (1 mg twice daily) or placebo, along with smoking-cessation counseling, for 12 weeks. Follow-up lasted 52 weeks. The primary end point was carbon monoxide-confirmed continuous abstinence rate for weeks 9 through 12 (last 4 weeks of treatment). The continuous abstinence rate was higher for varenicline than placebo during weeks 9 through 12 (47.0% versus 13.9%; odds ratio, 6.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.18 to 8.93) and weeks 9 through 52 (19.2% versus 7.2%; odds ratio, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.93 to 5.11). The varenicline and placebo groups did not differ significantly in cardiovascular mortality (0.3% versus 0.6%; difference, -0.3%; 95% CI, -1.3 to 0.7), all-cause mortality (0.6% versus 1.4%; difference, -0.8%; 95% CI, -2.3 to 0.6), cardiovascular events (7.1% versus 5.7%; difference, 1.4%; 95% CI, -2.3 to 5.0), or serious adverse events (6.5% and 6.0%; difference, 0.5%; 95% CI, -3.1 to 4.1). As a result of adverse events, 9.6% of varenicline and 4.3% of placebo participants discontinued study drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Varenicline is effective for smoking cessation in smokers with cardiovascular disease. It was well tolerated and did not increase cardiovascular events or mortality; however, trial size and duration limit definitive conclusions about safety. Clinical Trial Registration Information- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00282984. Unique identifier: NCT00282984.
authors.affiliation: General Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Boston, Mass 02114, USA. nrigotti@partners.org
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rigotti
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pipe
authors.forename: Neal L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Benowitz
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arteaga
authors.forename: Dahlia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garza
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tonstad
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D037001:Directive Counseling; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000068580:Varenicline
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D011810:Quinoxalines; D000068580:Varenicline