title: Telemedicine-assisted neurotology in post-Katrina Southeast Louisiana.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates technical requirements, privacy and legal constraints, reimbursement considerations, and overall feasibility of a new telemedicine neurotologic patient care delivery model in post-Katrina, Southeast Louisiana.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a retrospective review of the first year of a telemedicine neurotology practice with limited on-site neurotology physician availability (3-days monthly) with a full-time on-site audiologist, a full-time specialty-trained nurse practitioner, full-time neurosurgery on-site availability, and full-time otolaryngology on-site availability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A combined "store-and-forward" and "real-time" telemedicine delivery model was implemented for a new neurotology practice. Technical requirements include secure data transfer, real-time video-streaming, high-quality video otoscopy and microscopy, infrared video eye movement visualization and recording, remote visualization of radiologic imaging studies, and formalized diagnostic algorithms for patient evaluation. Telemedicine patient evaluations occur with the patient in Baton Rouge, LA, while the examining neurotologist is linked through a secure, commercially available communication connection in Pittsburgh, PA. Specifically designed consent forms and bilocation licensing and liability insurance coverage were required. Third-party payers were consulted before implementation to assure adherence to local reimbursement requirements. During the first 12 months of operation, 450 patient encounters were accomplished purely through telemedicine, with an additional 800 on-site patient visits and 150 operative procedures, including 24 neurotologic skull base procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Telemedicine is a viable delivery model for neurotology care delivery. Planning and implementation of such a model requires systematic considerations of medical, nursing, information systems, legal, reimbursement, and management parameters. Although the authors' initial motivation for this model was the resource-restricted, post-Katrina health care environment in South Louisiana, this delivery model has wider applicability in otolaryngology, other medical specialties, humanitarian outreach, and medical education. Prospective assessment of clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction is ongoing for objective validation of this delivery model.
authors.affiliation: Hearing and Balance Center, Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A. moisesarriagamd@gmail.com
authors.forename: Moisés A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Arriaga
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nuss
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scrantz
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arriaga
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Patti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: St John
authors.forename: Elona
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sharbaugh
authors.forename: Deanna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Whittle
mesh_terms: D055867:Cyclonic Storms / Q000191:economics; D004190:Disasters / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement / Q000191:economics; D008145:Louisiana; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016730:Program Development / Q000191:economics; D012051:Reimbursement Mechanisms / Q000191:economics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*