title: Binding sites for ETS family of transcription factors dominate the promoter regions of differentially expressed genes in abdominal aortic aneurysms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously, we identified 3274 distinct differentially expressed genes in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) tissue compared with nonaneurysmal controls. As transcriptional control is responsible for these expression changes, we sought to find common transcriptional elements in the promoter regions of the differentially expressed genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed the up- and downregulated gene sets with Whole Genome rVISTA to determine the transcription factor (TF) binding sites overrepresented in the 5-kb promoter regions of the 3274 genes. The downregulated gene set yielded 144 TF binding sites that were overrepresented in the subset when compared with the entire genome. In contrast, the upregulated gene set yielded only 13 distinct overrepresented TF binding sites. Interestingly, as classified by TRANSFAC, 8 of the 13 TFs binding to these regions belong to the ETS family. Additionally, nuclear factor kB and its subunits p50 and p65 showed enrichment. Immunohistochemical analyses of 10 TFs from the upregulated set showed 9 to be present in AAA tissue. Based on gene ontology analysis of biological process categories of the upregulated target genes of enriched TFs, 10 TFs had enrichment in immune system process among their target genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our genome-wide analysis provides further evidence of ETS and nuclear factor kB involvement in AAA. Additionally, our results provide novel insight for future studies aiming to dissect the pathogenesis of AAA and have uncovered potential therapeutic targets for AAA prevention.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan,USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nischan
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gatalica
authors.forename: Mindee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: Guy M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lenk
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tromp
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuivaniemi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005810:Multigene Family; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D014157:Transcription Factors