title: Hydroxychloroquine and lichen planopilaris: efficacy and introduction of Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index scoring system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lichen planopilaris (LPP) and its variant frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) are primary lymphocytic cicatricial alopecias for which there is no evidence-based therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in active LPP and FFA using the LPP Activity Index (LPPAI), a numeric score that allows quantification of the symptoms and signs of the condition for statistical comparison. In addition, we determined with the LPPAI if any improvement (reduction) in the numeric score pretreatment and posttreatment reached statistical significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective, single-center chart review of 40 adult patients with LPP, FFA, or both who were treated with hydroxychloroquine for up to 12 months from 2004 to 2007 at the University of California, San Francisco Hair Center. Symptoms, signs, activity, and spreading were scored at each visit in the standardized cicatricial alopecia flow chart. A numeric score was assigned to these markers of disease activity and a numeric score was calculated at each visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant reduction (P < .001) in the LPPAI at both 6 and 12 months. After 6 months, 69% had improved (reduced) symptoms and signs. At 12 months, 83% had improvement (reduction) in symptoms and signs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrospective analysis and uncontrolled study are limitations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydroxychloroquine is effective in decreasing symptoms and signs in LPP and FFA as shown by significant reduction in the LPPAI in 69% and 83% of patients after 6 and 12 months of treatment, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology at University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sah
authors.forename: Bryan K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Blanca E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.forename: Vera H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000505:Alopecia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008010:Lichen Planus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012536:Scalp Dermatoses / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D006886:Hydroxychloroquine