title: Efficacy of 3,5-dibromo-L-phenylalanine in rat models of stroke, seizures and sensorimotor gating deficit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Abnormal glutamatergic activity is implicated in neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders. Selective glutamate receptor antagonists were highly effective in animal models of stroke and seizures but failed in further clinical development because of serious side effects, including an almost complete set of symptoms of schizophrenia. Therefore, the novel polyvalent glutamatergic agent 3,5-dibromo-L-phenylalanine (3,5-DBr-L-Phe) was studied in rat models of stroke, seizures and sensorimotor gating deficit.
  
  
  METHODS
  3,5-DBr-L-Phe was administered intraperitoneally as three boluses after intracerebral injection of endothelin-1 (ET-1) adjacent to the middle cerebral artery to cause brain injury (a model of stroke). 3,5-DBr-L-Phe was also given as a single bolus prior to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injection to induce seizures or prior to the administration of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) to cause disruption of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle (sensorimotor gating deficit).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brain damage caused by ET-1 was reduced by 52%, which is comparable with the effects of MK-801 in this model as reported by others. 3,5-DBr-L-Phe significantly reduced seizures induced by PTZ without the significant effects on arterial blood pressure and heart rate normally caused by NMDA antagonists. 3,5-DBr-L-Phe prevented the disruption of PPI measured 3 days after the administration of ET-1. 3,5-DBr-L-Phe also eliminated sensorimotor gating deficit caused by MK-801.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmacological profile of 3,5-DBr-L-Phe might be beneficial not only for developing a therapy for the neurological and cognitive symptoms of stroke and seizures but also for some neuropsychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0254, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Glushakov
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mecca
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sumners
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Seubert
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Martynyuk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D019332:Endothelin-1; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: C547689:3,5-dibromo-L-phenylalanine; D019332:Endothelin-1; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D010649:Phenylalanine; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole