Microwave-assisted extraction: Application to the determination of emerging pollutants in solid samples.
Flame retardants, surfactants, pharmaceutical and personal care products, among other compounds, have been the object of numerous environmental studies. In this chapter, the application of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) in the development of analytical methods for several groups of organic compounds with growing concern as emerging pollutants has been considered. Compared to other extraction techniques, optimization of MAE experimental conditions is rather easy owing to the low number of influential parameters (i.e. matrix moisture, nature of the solvent, time, power, and temperature in closed vessels). The great reduction in the extraction time and solvent consumption, as well as the possibility of performing multiple extractions, increasing the sample throughput, can also be highlighted among MAE advantages. In summary, the study of several applications of MAE to environmental problems demonstrates that this technique constitutes a good alternative for the determination of organic compounds in environmental samples. It can be used as a rapid screening tool, and also to obtain detailed information on the sources, behaviour and fate of emerging pollutants in environmental matrices.
Sanchez-Prado
Lucia
L
Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatologia, Facultad de Quimica, Instituto de Investigacion y Analisis Alimentario, Campus Sur, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avda das Ciencias s/n, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Garcia-Jares
Carmen
C
Llompart
Maria
M
D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis; D008872:Microwaves; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D010476:Perfume / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010476:Perfume; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013501:Surface-Active Agents