title: Single infusion of rituximab for persistent steroid-dependent minimal-change nephrotic syndrome after long-term cyclosporine.
abstract: Rituximab (RTX) has been successfully used as a rescue therapy in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS). However, little is known regarding maintenance therapy after a successful response to RTX in such patients. The efficacy and safety of a single RTX infusion (375 mg/m(2)) were assessed in ten patients who had persistent SDNS associated with minimal-change disease (MCD) despite the long-term use of cyclosporine (CsA). The mean follow-up after RTX infusion was 17 months. Applying RTX resulted in a significant reduction in the mean prednisolone (PSL) dose from 0.39 +/-0.18 to 0.15 +/- 0.14 mg/kg per day. The mean 12-month relapse rates significantly decreased from 4.1 +/- 1.7 to 0.6 +/- 0.6. All but one patient who had continued CsA as maintenance therapy after a single RTX infusion were able to withdraw from PSL without any relapses during the study period, whereas the remaining five patients who discontinued CsA experienced relapses after CD19 cells re-emerged, leading to the reintroduction of CsA or an additional RTX infusion. Infusion reactions occurred in five of ten patients. These data indicate that a single RTX infusion may improve response to CsA in patients with persistent SDNS due to the phenomenon of secondary resistance to CsA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 2100 Magome, Iwatsuki-ward, Saitama-city, Saitama, 339 8551, Japan. f_shuich@d2.dion.ne.jp
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujinaga
authors.forename: Daishi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohtomo
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018941:Antigens, CD19; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007223:Infant; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009402:Nephrosis, Lipoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D000069283:Rituximab; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018941:Antigens, CD19; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013256:Steroids; D000069283:Rituximab; D016572:Cyclosporine; D011239:Prednisolone