title: Effectiveness of hand sanitizers with and without organic acids for removal of rhinovirus from hands.
abstract: These studies evaluated the effectiveness of ethanol hand sanitizers with or without organic acids to remove detectable rhinovirus from the hands and prevent experimental rhinovirus infection. Ethanol hand sanitizers were significantly more effective than hand washing with soap and water. The addition of organic acids to the ethanol provided residual virucidal activity that persisted for at least 4 h. Whether these treatments will reduce rhinovirus infection in the natural setting remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. rbt2n@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Janice L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fuls
authors.forename: Nancy D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Rodgers
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000737:chemistry; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D004202:Disinfectants; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D000431:Ethanol; D006225:Hand / Q000821:virology*; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008293:Malates / Q000032:analysis; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D012915:Soaps / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004202:Disinfectants; D008293:Malates; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012915:Soaps; D019343:Citric Acid; D000431:Ethanol; C030298:malic acid