title: Management of hypertension with fixed dose combinations of candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide: patient perspectives and clinical utility.
abstract: Hypertension treatment and control is largely unsatisfactory when guideline-defined blood pressure goal achievement and maintenance are considered. Patient- and physician-related factors leading to non-adherence interfere in this respect with the efficacy, tolerability, and convenient use of pharmacological treatment options. Blockers of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are an important component of antihypertensive combination therapy. Thiazide-type diuretics are usually added to increase the blood pressure lowering efficacy. Fixed drug-drug combinations of both principles like candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) are highly effective in lowering blood pressure while providing improved compliance, a good tolerability, and largely neutral metabolic profile. Comparative studies with losartan/HCTZ have consistently shown a higher clinical efficacy with the candesartan/HCTZ combination. Data on the reduction of cardiovascular endpoints with fixed dose combinations of antihypertensive drugs are however scarce, as are the data for candesartan/HCTZ. But many trials have tested candesartan versus a non-RAS blocking comparator based on a standard therapy including thiazide diuretics. The indications tested were heart failure and stroke and particular emphasis was put on elderly patients or those with diabetes. In patients with heart failure, for example, the fixed dose combination might be applied in patients in whom individual titration resulted in a dose of 32 mg candesartan and 25 mg HCTZ which can then be combined into one tablet to increase compliance with treatment. Also in patients with stroke the fixed dose combination might be used in patients in whom maintenance therapy with both components is considered. Taken together candesartan/HCTZ assist both physicians and patients in achieving long-term blood pressure goal achievement and maintenance.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Vascular Medicine, Herz- und Gefäss-Campus, Bad Nauheim, Germany. thomas.mengden@pitzer-kliniken.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mengden
authors.forename: Sakir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bramlage
mesh_terms: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016527:Drug Costs; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000503:physiopathology; D055118:Medication Adherence; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004232:Diuretics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013777:Tetrazoles; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; C077793:candesartan cilexetil