title: Cell type-specific recognition of human metapneumoviruses (HMPVs) by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and TLR7 and viral interference of RIG-I ligand recognition by HMPV-B1 phosphoprotein.
abstract: Human metapneumoviruses (HMPVs) are recently identified Paramyxoviridae that contribute to respiratory tract infections in children. No effective treatments or vaccines are available. Successful defense against virus infection relies on early detection by germ line-encoded pattern recognition receptors and activation of cytokine and type I IFN genes. Recently, the RNA helicase retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) has been shown to sense HMPV. In this study, we investigated the abilities of two prototype strains of HMPV (A1 [NL\1\00] and B1 [NL\1\99]) to activate RIG-I and induce type I IFNs. Despite the abilities of both HMPV-A1 and HMPV-B1 to infect and replicate in cell lines and primary cells, only the HMPV-A1 strain triggered RIG-I to induce IFNA/B gene transcription. The failure of the HMPV-B1 strain to elicit type I IFN production was dependent on the B1 phosphoprotein, which specifically prevented RIG-I-mediated sensing of HMPV viral 5' triphosphate RNA. In contrast to most cell types, plasmacytoid dendritic cells displayed a unique ability to sense both HMPV-A1 and HMPV-B1 and in this case sensing was via TLR7 rather than RIG-I. Collectively, these data reveal differential mechanisms of sensing for two closely related viruses, which operate in cell type-specific manners.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
authors.forename: Nadege
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goutagny
authors.forename: Zhaozhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parroche
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schickli
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Monks
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ulbrandt
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kiener
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008024:Ligands; D029121:Metapneumovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D013045:Species Specificity; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D014709:Vero Cells; D014762:Viral Interference / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D008024:Ligands; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C495348:TLR7 protein, human; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7; D016899:Interferon-beta; C452820:RIGI protein, human; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases