title: In vitro drug interactions of gallates with antibiotics in Staphylococcus Aureus.
abstract: The antimicrobial activities of tetracycline, mupirocin, and fusidic acid are tested in combination with Epicatechin Gallate (ECG), and Ethyl Gallate (EG) using 2 Methicillin resistant (MRSA) and 2 Methicillin sensitive (MSSA) strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Sub-inhibitory concentration of EG at 256 mg l-1 is found to be synergistic when used in combination with tetracycline, mupirocin, and fusidic acid; and a sub-inhibitory concentration of ECG at 32 mg l-1 is found to be synergistic with tetracycline in all the four Staphylococcus aureus strains tested. The synergistic combinations reduce the MICs of all the above three antibiotics by 4 fold. Combining ECG at 32 mg l-1 with mupirocin, reduces the MIC of mupirocin by four fold in MSSA C1 strain. 74 per cent of the combinations show consistent results in both time-kill assay and checkerboard method. The identified combinations may lead towards novel therapeutic interventions for treating MRSA infections.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Design and Modeling Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Win Mar
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Soe
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tzer Pin Lin
authors.forename: Lim
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chu Sing Lim
authors.forename: Kishore R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sakharkar
authors.forename: Meena K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sakharkar
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D005672:Fusidic Acid; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016712:Mupirocin; D013752:Tetracycline
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C048734:ethyl gallate; D005672:Fusidic Acid; D005707:Gallic Acid; D002392:Catechin; C062669:epicatechin gallate; D016712:Mupirocin; D013752:Tetracycline