title: Urgent surgery in patients with a recently implanted coronary drug-eluting stent: a phase II study of 'bridging' antiplatelet therapy with tirofiban during temporary withdrawal of clopidogrel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with a recently implanted coronary drug-eluting stent (DES) who need urgent surgery are at increased risk of surgical bleeding unless clopidogrel is discontinued beforehand, but clopidogrel discontinuation has been associated with a high rate of adverse events due to stent thrombosis. This pilot study tested the hypothesis that the i.v. perioperative administration of the short-acting antiplatelet agent tirofiban allows the safe withdrawal of clopidogrel without increasing the rate of surgical bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phase II study with a Simon two-stage design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty patients with a recently implanted DES [median (range) 4 (1-12) months] and high-risk characteristics for stent thrombosis underwent urgent major surgery or eye surgery. Clopidogrel was to be withdrawn 5 days before surgery, and tirofiban started 24 h later, continued until 4 h before surgery, and resumed 2 h after surgery until oral clopidogrel was resumed. The use of aspirin was decided by the surgeon. There were no cases of death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, or surgical re-exploration due to bleeding during the index admission, with a risk estimate of 0-11.6% (one-tail 97.5% CI). There was one case of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) major and one of TIMI minor bleeding in the postoperative phase; another four patients were transfused without meeting the TIMI criteria for major or minor bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with a recently implanted DES and high-risk characteristics for stent thrombosis needing urgent surgery, a 'bridging strategy' using i.v. tirofiban may allow temporary withdrawal of oral clopidogrel without increasing the risk of bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy. stefano.savonitto@fastwebnet.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savonitto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Urbano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caracciolo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barlocco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nichelatti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klugmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Servi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D003328:Coronary Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077466:Tirofiban; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014443:Tyrosine; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D000077466:Tirofiban; D013988:Ticlopidine