title: Effect of long-term valproate monotherapy on bone mineral density in adults with epilepsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the cross-sectional relationship of duration and dosage of valproate monotherapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in adult patients with epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The BMD at lumbar level (L2-L4) was measured in consecutive adult epileptic patients receiving long-term (> or =2 years) valproate monotherapy by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood samples were collected for total serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) and parathormone. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were defined according to the World Health Organization operational BMD definition. Cross-sectional associations were evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 41 patients were studied (mean age 32.3+/-8.2 years, 12 men, mean duration of valproate monotherapy 10.6+/-7.4 years). Osteopenia was present in 24% of subjects, while no case of osteoporosis was documented. Duration and dosage of valproate monotherapy did not correlate with BMD. No association was documented between duration or dosage of valproate monotherapy and biochemical parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duration of valproate monotherapy does not correlate with decreased BMD in adult patients with epilepsy. No case of osteoporosis was identified in patients treated with valproate for a mean period of more than ten years. These findings indicate that bone metabolism may not be affected by valproate monotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Triantafyllou
authors.forename: Irini
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lambrinoudaki
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Armeni
authors.forename: Eleftheria-Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Evangelopoulos
authors.forename: Fotini
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boufidou
authors.forename: Aris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antoniou
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsivgoulis
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013995:Time; D013997:Time Factors; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D015415:Biomarkers; D014635:Valproic Acid