title: Genetic and environmental determinants of total and high-molecular weight adiponectin in families with low HDL-cholesterol and early onset coronary heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Plasma adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) exhibit a well-known positive metabolic correlation. Neither heritability nor genome-wide linkage analysis for the high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin is available. This work estimates the genetic and environmental determinants and the heritabilities of the adiponectins and lipid traits in Finnish families with early onset coronary heart disease (CHD) and low HDL-C.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heritability and genome-wide univariate linkage analysis was performed for total and HMW adiponectin in extended families from Northern Finland with early onset CHD and low HDL-C using a variance components approach. The genetic and environmental correlations between the plasma adiponectins and various lipid traits were also studied and a bivariate analysis for HDL-C and the adiponectins carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the partial correlation analysis (adjusted for sex, age, BMI and statin use) the adiponectins showed a stronger correlation with HDL-C (total 0.57, p=0.001, HMW 0.51, p<0.005) than with any other lipid trait in unrelated subjects. Our estimates detected strong heritability for total (0.53+/-0.10), HMW (0.51+/-0.10) and the HMW/total adiponectin ratio (0.68+/-0.11). Univariate linkage analysis showed suggestive evidence of linkage on chromosome 11p15 for total adiponectin and on 3q13.2-q24 and 6p21 for the HMW adiponectin. The strongest environmental cross-correlation between the adiponectins and lipids was seen between HDL-C and total adiponectin (rhoe=0.64, p<0.05), whereas the strongest genetic correlation was detected between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the HMW adiponectin (rhog=-0.48, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant genetic correlations between HDL-C and the adiponectins were observed. Therefore, the metabolic association between HDL-C and adiponectin is most likely regulated by complex genetic pathways and environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Tiia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kangas-Kontio
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huotari
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruotsalainen
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Herzig
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamminen
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ala-Korpela
authors.forename: Markku J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.forename: Sakari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakko
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004777:Environment; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008970:Molecular Weight
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL