title: Study designs and evaluation models for emergency department public health research.
abstract: Abstract Public health research requires sound design and thoughtful consideration of potential biases that may influence the validity of results. It also requires careful implementation of protocols and procedures that are likely to translate from the research environment to actual clinical practice. This article is the product of a breakout session from the 2009 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference entitled "Public Health in the ED: Screening, Surveillance, and Intervention" and serves to describe in detail aspects of performing emergency department (ED)-based public health research, while serving as a resource for current and future researchers. In doing so, the authors describe methodologic features of study design, participant selection and retention, and measurements and analyses pertinent to public health research. In addition, a number of recommendations related to research methods and future investigations related to public health work in the ED are provided. Public health investigators are poised to make substantial contributions to this important area of research, but this will only be accomplished by employing sound research methodology in the context of rigorous program evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA. Kerry.Broderick@dhha.org
authors.forename: Kerry B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Broderick
authors.forename: Megan L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ranney
authors.forename: Federico E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Vaca
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Onofrio
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: Karin V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Haukoos
mesh_terms: D003245:Consensus Statements as Topic; D003625:Data Collection; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011634:Public Health; D012107:Research Design