title: Silver nanoparticles as a safe preservative for use in cosmetics.
abstract: Concern is continuously raised regarding the safety of preservatives, which are crucial in most cosmetic preparations. The antimicrobial effects of silver (Ag) are well recognized; however, Ag has some limitations as a preservative, such as its interference with salts. In this study, we investigated the effects of recently synthesized Ag nanoparticles on microorganisms, the permeability of Ag nanoparticles in human skin, and the cytotoxicity of Ag nanoparticles in human keratinocytes under ultraviolet B irradiation. Ag nanoparticles were found to be very stable, and they did not exhibit sedimentation for over 1 year. Ag nanoparticles showed sufficient preservation efficacy against mixed bacteria and mixed fungi, and did not penetrate normal human skin. At concentrations of 0.002-0.02 parts per million, Ag nanoparticles had no effect on HaCaT keratinocytes and did not enhance ultraviolet B-induced cell death. These results suggest that Ag nanoparticles may have potential for use as a preservative in cosmetics. From the clinical editor: In this study, the effects of recently synthesized Ag nanoparticles were investigated on microorganisms, along with the skin permeability and the cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes under UVB-irradiation. Ag nanoparticles were found to be very stable, showed sufficient preservation efficacy against mixed bacteria and mixed fungi, and did not penetrate normal human skin. Ag nanoparticles appear to be suitable for use as a preservative in cosmetics.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. s-kokura@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kokura
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D016923:Cell Death; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011309:Preservation, Biological; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003358:Cosmetics; D012834:Silver