title: Risk factors associated with the seroprevalence of leptospirosis, amongst at-risk groups in and around Tanga city, Tanzania.
abstract: The epidemiological status of human leptospirosis in Tanzania has not been well defined because of a general lack of awareness of the disease and difficulties in its diagnosis. A cross-sectional seroprevalence study, using the microscopic agglutination test with a threshold titre of 1 : 160, was therefore conducted, among various occupational groups from Tanga city, in November 2005. Of the 199 subjects investigated, 30 (15.1%) were found to have antibodies that reacted with antigens from at least one of the six Leptospira interrogans serovars used in the agglutination test. Of the seropositive samples, 36.6% were positive for serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae, 30.0% for Bataviae, 20.0% for Hardjo, 6.6% for Tarrassovi, 3.3% for Ballum and 3.3% for Pomona. Amongst the occupational groups examined, livestock farmers, veterinary/meat inspectors and abattoir workers appeared to be most at risk, with seroprevalences of 19.4%, 18.1% and 17.1%, respectively. Subjects who reported that they milked cows were significantly more likely to be found seropositive for Leptospira infection than the other subjects (odds ratio=3.44; P<0.001). These findings indicate that a significant proportion of the population of Tanga city is being exposed to pathogenic Leptospira. Public-health interventions against leptospirosis will need to target not only the occupational groups considered to be at high risk of infection but also the general population at large.
authors.affiliation: Tanga Dairy Trust, Tanzania.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schoonman
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Swai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000372:Agglutination Tests; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007921:Leptospira interrogans / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007922:Leptospirosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014504:Urban Health; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial