title: Fecal calprotectin concentration in celiac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to determine fecal calprotectin (FC) concentration and its relation with histopathologic findings of children with celiac disease (CD) and to observe the probable alterations under gluten-free diet (GFD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  As FC is regarded as a marker of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, we hypothesized that it might be increased in untreated CD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 29 newly diagnosed patients with CD (mean age: 6.6+/-0.6 y) and sex and age-matched 10 healthy children. All of the children with CD admitted to the hospital were classical form who has chronic diarrhea and failure to thrive. The degree of mucosal damage was graded according to the modified Marsh criteria. FC concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method on admission and after 1 year of GFD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean FC concentration of children with CD on admission and of healthy children were 13.40+/-8.5 and 4.3+/-3.3 mg/L, respectively (P=0.004). FC concentration under GFD was 4.6+/-2.7 mg/L and there was a significant statistical difference between untreated patients and those under GFD for 1 year (P=0.001). There was no statistical difference between FC concentration of those under GFD and healthy children (P=0.8). Mean FC concentrations of children with total-villous atrophy and partial-villous atrophy were significantly different (13.8+/-9.3 mg/L vs. 3.7+/-1.8 mg/L, P=0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was found that FC concentration is increased in childhood CD, related to the severity of histopathologic findings and responsive to GFD. The pathogenetic mechanism by which FC is increased in CD should be investigated in further studies.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Hepatology and Nutrition, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey. vildanertekin@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Vildan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ertekin
authors.forename: Mukadder Ayşe
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Selimoğlu
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turgut
authors.forename: Nuri
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bakan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex