title: Seizures and EEG pattern in Kabuki syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare dysmorphogenic disorder that is characterized by multiple congenital abnormalities with central nervous system involvement. The diagnosis is clinical and a variable degree of mental retardation is always present. Epilepsy is frequently reported, but a typical electroclinical pattern has not been described. We describe the electroclinical features of eight KS non-Japanese patients with epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed seizure characteristics and pattern EEG and clinical outcomes in eight KS patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients presented with focal seizures. A frontal epileptic status was present in two cases. We highlighted the fact that, during evolution, seven patients shared the same interictal EEG pattern, which was characterized by isolated or repetitive biphasic spikes or sharp waves, followed by a slow wave of medium and high voltage, predominantly localised in the fronto-central regions. The natural course of seizures is favourable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed a peculiar homogeneous electroclinical pattern in KS, characterized by focal seizures more frequently origin in fronto-central area which demonstrated that seizures are mostly focal in type and that a fronto-central origin is more frequently evident.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosciences, Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico Hospital, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lodi
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chifari
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parazzini
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viri
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beccaria
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lorenzetti
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meloni
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capovilla
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romeo
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D001037:Aphasia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003221:Confusion / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology