title: Influenza pandemics, solar activity cycles, and vitamin D.
abstract: There is historic evidence that influenza pandemics are associated with solar activity cycles (the Schwabe-cycle of about 11-years periodicity). The hypothesis is presented and developed that influenza pandemics are associated with solar control of vitamin D levels in humans which waxes and wanes in concert with solar cycle dependent ultraviolet radiation. It is proposed that this solar cycle dependence arises both directly from cyclic control of the amount of ultraviolet radiation as well as indirectly through cyclic control of atmospheric circulation and dynamics.
authors.affiliation: The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA. dhayes@health.nyc.gov
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Hayes
mesh_terms: D001272:Atmosphere; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000266:history; D010126:Ozone / Q000528:radiation effects; D019445:Solar Activity; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; D010126:Ozone