Effect of the mechanical activation on size reduction of crystalline acetaminophen drug particles.
The decrease in particle size may offer new properties to drugs. In this study, we investigated the size reduction influence of the acetaminophen (C(8)H(9)O(2)N) particles by mechanical activation using a dry ball mill. The activated samples with the average size of 1 microm were then investigated in different time periods with the infrared (IR), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The results of the IR and XRD images showed no change in the drug structure after the mechanical activation of all samples. With the peak height at full width at half maximum from XRD and the Scherrer equation, the size of the activated crystallite samples illustrated that the AFM images were in sound agreement with the Scherrer equation. According to the peaks of the AFM images, the average size of the particles in 30 hours of activation was 24 nm with a normal particle distribution. The ICP analysis demonstrated the presence of tungsten carbide particle impurities after activation from the powder sample impacting with the ball and jar. The greatest reduction in size was after milling for 30 hours.
Biazar
Esmaeil
E
Chemistry Department, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran, Iran. e.biazar@srbiau.ac.ir
Beitollahi
Ali
A
Rezayat
S Mehdi
SM
Forati
Tahmineh
T
Asefnejad
Azadeh
A
Rahimi
Mehdi
M
Zeinali
Reza
R
Ardeshir
Mahmoud
M
Hatamjafari
Farhad
F
Sahebalzamani
Ali
A
Heidari
Majid
M
D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods*; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
D011208:Powders; D000082:Acetaminophen