title: [Cohort study of the incidence of heel pressure sores in patients with leg casts at the Rizzoli Orthopedic Hospital and of the associated risk factors].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pressure sores, especially at the heel, are a side effect of the cast.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the incidence of late skin complications (heel pressure sores) of a cast and determine risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  All consecutive patients treated with a leg cast over a 16 months observation time were recruited. Risk factors were identified by the nurse that placed the cast and skin lesions classified with the NPUAP scale when the cast was removed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 216 enrolled patients 17.6% (38) developed a pressure sore: 16/124 in orthopedic wards; 22/92 in oncology wards. The multivariate analysis identified the following risk factors: administration of cytotoxic drugs (p = 0.033; OR = 2.61; having a cancer did not increase the risk); skin redness before cast application (p = 0.001; OR = 4.44) and having reported symptoms after the application (p = 0.000; OR = 7.86). Pressure sores were mainly stage 1 and only 6/216 (2.4%) > or = stage II. The type of plaster cast, the material, the number of days it was worn and having had a surgery are not significant risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pressure sores related to leg plaster casts are a frequent complication in at risk sub-groups. The acknowledgement and identification of specific risk factors may allow to identify and evaluate preventive interventions to improve the care of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Centro di Ricerca delle Professioni Sanitarie, Bologna.
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Forni
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zoli
authors.forename: Loretta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Loro
authors.forename: Morena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tremosini
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mini
authors.forename: Valter
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pirini
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Turrini
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durante
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicolini
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riccioni
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Girolami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002370:Casts, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D016523:Foot Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006365:Heel; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors