title: Pharmacogenetic testing in the United Kingdom genetics and immunogenetics laboratories.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For certain drugs, pharmacogenetic tests can reduce adverse drug reactions and improve treatment efficacy. However, the adoption of pharmacogenetics into clinical practice has been relatively slow. One potential barrier is the capacity of laboratories to meet the demands of a clinical pharmacogenetic service. We aimed to establish the range, capacity to deliver, and demand for germline pharmacogenetic testing in the United Kingdom and Ireland, through an e-survey of 34 molecular genetics and 28 histocompatibility and immunogenetics (H&I) laboratories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five percent of molecular genetics laboratories and 54% of H&I laboratories responded to the survey. The majority of H&I laboratories (93%) offered pharmacogenetic testing, whereas only one molecular genetics laboratory provided a pharmacogenetic service. HLA-B*5701 was most commonly tested to identify those at risk of abacavir hypersensitivity among patients with HIV. A number of barriers to testing were identified, including lack of clinician knowledge and a lack of scientific evidence. All molecular genetics laboratories believed that national coordination of clinical pharmacogenetic services was required, whereas only 50% of H&I laboratories supported this view.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the United Kingdom, pharmacogenetic testing is currently being predominantly provided through H&I laboratories for a limited number of indications. The number of laboratories offering pharmacogenetic tests is increasing and is likely to continue to increase over the coming years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Higgs
authors.forename: Nikki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gambhir
authors.forename: Simon C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ramsden
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Poulton
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007125:Immunogenetics / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D007753:Laboratories; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006113:United Kingdom