title: Prediction of ESRD in pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis: quantitative histomorphometric assessment and serum creatinine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical and pathologic features that predict outcome have important potential application in patients with pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis (usually antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis). This study examines the predictive value of simple quantitative renal histologic measurements in a large cohort with extended follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  390 consecutive patients with pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis at a single hospital (1983-2002); 90 patients underwent repeated kidney biopsy during follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age and serum creatinine concentration at biopsy, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody specificity, percentage of normal glomeruli, percentage of glomeruli with active lesions, and index of chronic damage (quantitative measurement of established cortical damage) in the initial kidney biopsy for all patients. The same factors were assessed in both biopsy specimens for patients undergoing an additional biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  End-stage renal disease and patient survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality at 1 and 5 years was 23% and 40%, respectively: standardized mortality ratio, 4.74 (95% CI, 3.62-6.32). End-stage renal disease was reached by 14% and 18% at 1 and 5 years, respectively. In multivariable analysis, serum creatinine level at biopsy and percentage of normal glomeruli in the initial biopsy specimen were the best predictors of kidney survival. C Statistics were 0.80 for creatinine level alone and 0.83 for creatinine level with normal glomeruli. In patients undergoing an additional biopsy, rapid progression in the index of chronic damage and serum creatinine level at the second biopsy were associated with kidney survival in multivariable analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrospective analysis. External validity of the index of chronic damage requires further assessment. Selection bias may influence repeated biopsy analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum creatinine level at biopsy best predicts kidney survival in patients with pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis overall.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Clara J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Alec J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Howie
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nightingale
authors.forename: Shazia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shabir
authors.forename: Dwomoa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Adu
authors.forename: Caroline O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hewins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D056648:Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine