title: Application of the Goes double-skin peri-areolar mastopexy with and without implants: A 14-year experience.
abstract: Peri-areolar mastopexy is commonly used for mild ptosis requiring no more than 3cm of nipple elevation. The nature of areolar scar and gland remodelling inherent to a circular skin reduction prompts circumspection when correcting more moderate-to-severe cases. The purpose herein is to convey the reproducibility and applicability of the Goes double-skin peri-areolar mastopexy without mesh, for breast ptosis requiring nipple elevation of 4-9cm, in a series outside the work of the principal innovator. A series of 217 consecutive patients underwent circumareolar eccentric skin excision based on four cardinal landmarks, deepithelialised dermal sleeve and glandular reshaping with and without implants (174 augmentation-mastopexies and 43 mastopexies). Implantation and implant change involved the use of saline implants placed in the subpectoral space. Average nipple elevation was 5.1cm in the augmentation-mastopexy group and 6.5cm in the mastopexy group. There were major complications in 4.4% of breasts and occurred only in the mastopexy-augmentation group. There was no nipple loss, serious infection or haematoma. There were minor complications in 13.1% of breasts (11.8% in the mastopexy-augmentation group, and 18.6% in the mastopexy group). A minimal (10%) areolar necrosis occurred on a breast in one patient undergoing augmentation-mastopexy for tubular breasts with micromastia. Revision rate was 4% for the entire series. Based on the principles of circular skin design with fixed skin landmarks, internal breast shaping and special attention when augmentation is done simultaneously, the peri-areolar double-skin mastopexy can be safe, effective and reproducible when applied to cases of increasing complexity.
authors.affiliation: dmh6@earthlink.net
authors.forename: Donn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hickman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult