title: Retinol-induced intestinal tumorigenesis in Min/+ mice and importance of vitamin D status.
abstract: The effects of life-long dietary exposure, starting in utero, to high retinol, low vitamin D, or high retinol in combination with low vitamin D on intestinal tumorigenesis in Min/+ mice were investigated. In males, high retinol alone significantly increased the number (2.6-fold) and size (1.3-fold) of small intestinal tumours; in females no significant increase in tumour number or size was seen. In both genders, low vitamin D intake alone did not affect intestinal tumorigenesis. In males, intake of the combined high retinol/low vitamin D diet did not further increase the effects caused by high retinol alone. In females, however, the high retinol/low vitamin D-induced increase in tumour number (3.1-fold) and tumour size (1.5-fold) exceeded that of high retinol alone. In conclusion, a high dietary intake of retinol stimulated intestinal tumorigenesis in Min/+ mice. Furthermore, the results indicate a combined effect of high retinol and low vitamin D on tumorigenesis in females.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Environmental Medicine, Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. ragna.hetland@fhi.no
authors.forename: Ragna Bogen
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hetland
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Jens Petter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Svendsen
authors.forename: Jan Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Paulsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D