title: Lysophosphatidylinositol induces rapid phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and activating transcription factor 2 in HEK293 cells expressing GPR55 and IM-9 lymphoblastoid cells.
abstract: Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is an endogenous ligand for GPR55, a putative novel type of cannabinoid receptor. In this study, we first examined the effects of LPI on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in HEK293 cells expressing GPR55. LPI induced the rapid phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in GPR55-expressing cells. No apparent effect was observed in the vector-transfected cells. The exposure of GPR55-expressing cells to LPI also triggered the phosphorylation of activating transcription factor 2 downstream of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Treatment of the cells with Y-27632 [a Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor] blocked the LPI-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and activating transcription factor 2, suggesting that the Rho-ROCK pathway is involved in these cellular responses. Notably, GPR55 was found to be abundantly expressed in lymphoid organs such as the spleen and thymus. We obtained evidence that rapid phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and activating transcription factor 2 also takes place in IM-9 lymphoblastoid cells, which naturally express GPR55, after stimulation with LPI. These results suggest that GPR55 and its endogenous ligand LPI play essential roles in the homoeostatic responses to stress signals in several mammalian tissues and cells including certain types of immune cells.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-0195, Japan.
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Toshinobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toshida
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiura
mesh_terms: D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C497105:ATF2 protein, human; D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2; D000577:Amides; C524885:GPR55 protein, human; D008024:Ligands; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D011725:Pyridines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C025449:lysophosphatidylinositol; C108830:Y 27632; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases