title: Induction of microvascular leakage and histamine release by promutoxin, an Arg49 phospholipase A2.
abstract: It has been recognized that phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) is a crucial factor of snake venom induced inflammation. Recently, promutoxin, a novel member of minor subgroup of snake venom PLA(2) (R49 PLA(2)) has been characterized in our laboratory, but its roles in induction of inflammation remain uninvestigated. Using highly purified promutoxin, we found this enzymatically inactive PLA(2) provoked a dose-dependent increase in microvascular leakage in the skin of rats. Pretreatment of rats with compound 48/80 diminished promutoxin-induced skin reaction and reduced mast cell numbers in rats. Cyproheptadine, terfenadine, Ginkgolide B and heparin inhibited promutoxin elicited microvascular leakage when they were co-injected with the stimulus to rat skin. Moreover, promutoxin was found to induce histamine release from human colon, lung and tonsil mast cells, and both metabolic inhibitors and pertussis toxin were capable of inhibiting promutoxin elicited histamine release. Provocation of microvascular leakage and mast cell activation by promutoxin suggests further that snake venom induced inflammation is related to mast cell activation and certain anti-inflammatory drugs could be therapeutic effective in treating snake wound.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Experiment Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Ji-Fu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xiao-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Ya-Zhen
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Shao-Heng
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006636:Histamine Release / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D054467:Phospholipases A2