title: Discovery of high-level tasks in the operating room.
abstract: Recognizing and understanding surgical high-level tasks from sensor readings is important for surgical workflow analysis. Surgical high-level task recognition is also a challenging task in ubiquitous computing because of the inherent uncertainty of sensor data and the complexity of the operating room environment. In this paper, we present a framework for recognizing high-level tasks from low-level noisy sensor data. Specifically, we present a Markov-based approach for inferring high-level tasks from a set of low-level sensor data. We also propose to clean the noisy sensor data using a Bayesian approach. Preliminary results on a noise-free dataset of ten surgical procedures show that it is possible to recognize surgical high-level tasks with detection accuracies up to 90%. Introducing missed and ghost errors to the sensor data results in a significant decrease of the recognition accuracy. This supports our claim to use a cleaning algorithm before the training step. Finally, we highlight exciting research directions in this area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, The Netherlands. l.bouarfa@tudelft.nl
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bouarfa
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Jonker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dankelman
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D009873:Operating Rooms; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014741:Video Recording