title: The association between substance misuse and first-episode psychosis in a defined UK geographical area during the 1990s.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of all substance use disorders (SUD) and cannabis-specific SUDs reported in two first-episode epidemiological studies, conducted in the same catchment area, 5 years apart.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of schizophrenia in Nottingham and Aetiology and Ethnicity of Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses studies included all people with a first-episode of psychosis between 1992 and 1994 and 1997 and 1999, respectively. Those individuals with a comorbid diagnosis of a SUD (ICD-10 harmful use or dependence) were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An upward (but not statistically significant) trend in all SUDs was found for the first-episode study population as a whole, between the two cohorts (11.9-18.2%). When analysed by age, a significant increase in cannabis-specific SUDs was observed for all first-episode cases aged 16-29 between cohorts (3.2-10.6%). When analysed by age and gender, a significant increase in all SUDs was apparent for female first-episode patients aged 16-29 between cohorts (6.1-24.2%), this same increase was not seen in male patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Illegal drug misuse is common in patients with a first-episode of psychosis. However, most concerning is that when both age and gender are considered, females with a first-episode of psychosis aged 16-29 show a highly significant rise in the prevalence of all SUDs over the 1990s. More recent drug use data from England and Wales shows that the prevalence of drug use in the 21st century is declining; further epidemiological studies are required to determine whether this is also the case in young female first-episode psychosis populations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, The Sir Colin Campbell Building, University of Nottingham Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK, mcxkd3@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Donoghue
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Medley
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brewin
authors.forename: Cristine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glazebrook
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Roch
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cantwell
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Glynn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Gillian A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Doody
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011287:Prejudice; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology