title: Maternal plasma cytokines concentrations and insulin resistance in first trimester in relation to fetal growth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fetal growth is determined by genetic factors and placental supply. There is evidence that insulin might contribute to the up-regulation of placental transporter activity. The dysregulation of adiponectin and leptin is found in insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation of maternal plasma cytokine and insulin concentrations in the first trimester of pregnancy to fetal growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  55 women with singleton pregnancy, between 12th and 14th weeks of gestation, were included to the study. Plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, insulin and glucose were analyzed together with fetal ultrasound measurements and neonatal birth weight. The HOMA-IR were calculated (fasting insulin (microU/ml) x fasting glucose (mmol/l/22.5) to assess the insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and insulin were 15.29 +/- 13.83 microg/ml, 6.93+/-5.39 ng/ml and 43.59+/-26.28, respectively. The average insulin resistance defined by HOMA-IR was 1.35+/-0.8. The ratios of adiponectin to leptin, adiponectin to insulin and HOMA-IR were calculated. The percentiles of fetal crown-rump length (CRL) were negatively correlated with adiponectin plasma concentration (r=-0.32; p<0.05), with no relation to leptin and insulin plasma concentration. Correlations between fetus CRL percentile and the ratio of adiponectin to leptin concentration (r=-0.37; p<0.02) and adiponectin to HOMA-IR (r=0.35; p<0.05) were also observed. No association between adiponectin, leptin, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and neonatal birth weight or birth weight percentile was found. The percentile of fetal CRL in the 1st trimester was positively correlated with neonatal birth weight percentile (r=0.3; p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study imply that maternal adiponectin concentration may play a role in early determination of fetal growth.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bomba-Opon
authors.forename: Miroslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wielgos
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horosz
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bartkowiak
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Szymusik
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mazanowski
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bochenska
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000378:metabolism; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin