title: Differential proteomic characterization between normal peritoneal fluid and diabetic peritoneal dialysate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the mechanism of comorbidity and mortality in peritoneal dialysis is unclear, a comparison of peritoneal dialysate and normal peritoneal fluid may provide clues to the biological and pathological processes involved in peritoneal damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peritoneal dialysate and control samples were collected from five diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and two patients receiving laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE). After image analysis, altered gel spots between these two sample groups were subjected to tryptic digestion and mass spectrometry analysis. The results were searched against the NCBI database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 26 protein spots were considered altered in 2D-GE between the two sample groups. After western blotting confirmation, vitamin D-binding protein, haptoglobin and alpha-2-microglobulin were at higher levels in the DM samples, while complement C4-A and IGK@ protein were at lower levels compared to the control samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The loss of vitamin D-binding protein, haptoglobin and alpha-2-microglobulin may be due to a change in the permeability of the peritoneal membrane to middle-sized proteins or leakage from peritoneal inflammation. Lower levels of complement C4-A in dialysate may shed light on the beginning of peritoneal membrane scleroses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsien-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Chih-Chiang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Wei-Chih
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: Pao-Chi
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shih-Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Ching-Yih
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015934:Complement C4a / Q000032:analysis; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000293:injuries; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein / Q000032:analysis; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; C485359:HP protein, human; D006242:Haptoglobins; C014609:IgK; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D020543:Proteome; D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins; D015934:Complement C4a