title: A survey of prognostic value of serum factors in multiple myeloma patients before treatment: macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a powerful predictor of survival.
abstract: Cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) and other cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate a range of cytokines of diverse activity in patients with multiple myeloma for a possible prognostic value. Concentrations of the following cytokines and cytokine receptors were measured by ELISA in the sera of 64 untreated MM patients: IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, sTNF R I and II, sIL-2Rα, IL-1ra, M-CSF, G-CSF, VEGF, and bFGF. Serum levels of sTNF RI, IL-6, and bFGF were elevated in over 50% of patients. There was an inverse relationship between sTNF RII, TNFα, IL-1ra, and albumin levels. There was no significant relationship between cytokines/cytokine receptors and other serum correlates of myeloma. In a univariate survival analysis, β2-microglobulin, LDH, sIL-2Rα, sTNF RI, and M-CSF were significant variables. In a multivariate analysis, only M-CSF and β2-microglobulin retained a significant influence on survival. Serum M-CSF may be considered another independent and clinically useful prognostic factor in multiple myeloma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Markers, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute and Oncology Centre Warszawa, Warszawa, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaminska
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuksiewicz
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kotowicz
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chechlinska
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Druzd-Sitek
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walewski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000097:blood*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor