title: In vitro determination of tetanus toxicity by an endopeptidase assay linked to a ganglioside-binding step.
abstract: Assays for the detection of tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) are relevant for research applications as well as for the safety testing of tetanus vaccines. So far, these assays are usually performed as toxicity tests in guinea pigs or mice. The alternative methods described to date were mostly based on the detection of the toxin's proteolytic activity. However, these endopeptidase assays turned out to be unreliable because they only measure the enzymatic activity as sole determinant of tetanus toxicity, while not taking into account other parameters like the toxin's capacity to bind to target cells. In order to better reflect the in vivo situation of a tetanus infection, we have linked an endopeptidase assay to a ganglioside-binding step. The resulting method, which offers a unique combination of two functionally linked assays, detects those TeNT molecules only which possess both a functional binding domain as well as an active enzymatic domain. Our results demonstrate that this assay is able to reliably detect TeNT, and therefore might provide a basis for the replacement of the animal tests for detection of tetanus toxicity. Moreover, the assay concept could also be useful for in vitro toxicity measurements of other toxins with similar subunit structures.
authors.affiliation: Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany. behhe@pei.de
authors.forename: Heike A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Behrensdorf-Nicol
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bonifas
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kegel
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Silberbach
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weisser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D051379:Mice; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013744:Tetanus Toxin / Q000633:toxicity*; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D005732:Gangliosides; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins; D013744:Tetanus Toxin; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; C016481:trisialoganglioside GT1; D010450:Endopeptidases