title: Prevalence and psychological correlates of traumatic brain injury in operation iraqi freedom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence and psychological correlates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among injured male combatants in the Iraq conflict.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 781 men injured during military combat between September 2004 and February 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mental health diagnosis (ICD-9 290-319), particularly posttraumatic stress disorder and mood/anxiety disorders, assigned through November 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  15.8% met criteria for TBI (13.4% mild, 2.4% moderate-severe TBI), 35.0% other head injury, and 49.2% non-head injury. Multivariate logistic regression suggested lower rates of posttraumatic stress disorder and mood/anxiety disorders among those with mild and moderate-severe TBI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings could reflect a problem with differential diagnosis or, conversely, a low rate of self-presentation for symptoms. Further research is needed to elucidate the psychological consequences, clinical implications, and overall impact of TBI among military combat veterans.
authors.affiliation: Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California 92106, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.forename: Amber L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dougherty
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Galarneau
authors.forename: Rema
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.forename: Dewleen G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Suzanne P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.forename: Beatrice A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Golomb
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Corson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003130:Combat Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult