title: Paretic side/normal side ratios of cross-sectional areas of the superior oblique muscle vary largely in idiopathic superior oblique palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To search for a new definition of muscle hypoplasia in congenital or idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional areas of the superior oblique and 4 rectus muscles near the eye globe-optic nerve junction were measured by an image analysis software on magnetic resonance images of 50 patients with congenital or idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy and 45 patients with other disease conditions serving as a control. The paretic side/contralateral normal side ratios of the cross-sectional areas and the left side/right side ratios were calculated for the superior oblique muscle palsy patients and the control patients, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 95% confidence intervals in paretic side/contralateral side ratios of cross-sectional areas of the superior oblique muscle were 0.55 to 0.80 in the right-side superior oblique muscle palsy, and 0.48 to 0.75 in the left-side palsy, while the 95% confidence interval in the left side/right side ratios was 0.99 to 1.00 in the control. The 95% confidence intervals in the left side/right side ratios of the 4 rectus muscles were 1.00, both in the superior oblique muscle palsy and in the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The muscle hypoplasia could be defined as such when the paretic side/contralateral side ratios of cross-sectional areas of the superior oblique muscle on magnetic resonance images fell outside the 95% confidence interval of the ratios in normal controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama City, Japan.
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Sayuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Itoshima
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis; D020432:Trochlear Nerve Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis*