title: Effect of black raspberry extract in inhibiting NFkappa B dependent radioprotection in human breast cancer cells.
abstract: Black raspberry extracts (RSE) have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and stimulate apoptosis. Also, studies have demonstrated that RSE inhibits transcriptional regulators including NFkappa B. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of RSE in inhibiting radiation (IR) induced NFkappa B mediated radioprotection in breast adenocarcinoma cells. MCF-7 cells were exposed to IR (2Gy), treated with RSE (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 micro g/ml) or treated with RSE (1.0 micro g/ml) followed by IR exposure, and harvested after 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. NFkappa B DNA-binding activity was measured by EMSA and phosphorylated Ikappa Balpha by immunoblotting. Expression of IAP1, IAP2, XIAP and survivin were measured by QPCR and immunoblotting. Cell survival was measured using MTT assay and cell death using Caspase-3/7 activity. Effect of RSE on IR induced MnSOD, TNFalpha, IL-1alpha and MnSOD activity was also determined. RSE inhibited NFkappa B activity in a dose-dependent manner. Also, RSE inhibited IR-induced sustained activation of NFkappa B, and NFkappa B regulated IAP1, IAP2, XIAP, and survivin. In addition, RSE inhibited IR-induced TNFalpha, IL-1alpha, and MnSOD levels and MnSOD activity. RSE suppressed cell survival and enhanced cell death. These results suggest that RSE may act as a potent radiosensitizer by overcoming the effects of NFkappa B mediated radioprotection in human breast cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Rakhesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madhusoodhanan
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.forename: Jamunarani Veeraraghavan Nisha
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Ambarish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jamgade
authors.forename: Vibhudutta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Awasthi
authors.forename: Shrikant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anant
authors.forename: Terence S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Natarajan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aravindan
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D000075747:Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 3 Protein; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000077022:Survivin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D000077022:Survivin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; C496866:XIAP protein, human; D004247:DNA; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C494833:BIRC2 protein, human; C494832:BIRC3 protein, human; D000075747:Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 3 Protein; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D020169:Caspases