Detection of mastitis and its stage of progression by automatic milking systems using artificial neural networks.
Two types of artificial neural networks, multilayer perceptron (MLP) and self-organizing feature map (SOM) were used to detect mastitis by automatic milking systems (AMS) using a new mastitis indicator that combined two previously reported indicators based on higher electrical conductivity (EC) and lower quarter yield (QY). Four MLPs with four combinations of inputs were developed to detect infected quarters. One input combination involved principal components (PC) adopted for addressing multi-collinearity in the data. The PC-based MLP model was superior to other non-PC-based models in terms of less complexity and higher predictive accuracy. The overall correct classification rate (CCR), sensitivity and specificity of this model were 90.74%, 86.90% and 91.36%, respectively. The SOM detected the stage of progression of mastitis in a quarter within the mastitis spectrum and revealed that quarters form three clusters: healthy, moderately ill and severely ill. The clusters were validated using k-means clustering, ANOVA and least significant difference. Clusters reflected the characteristics of healthy and subclinical and clinical mastitis, respectively. We conclude that the PC based model based on EC and QY can be used in AMS to detect mastitis with high accuracy and that the SOM model can be used to monitor the health status of the herd for early intervention and possible treatment.
Sun
Zhibin
Z
Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Lincoln University, New Zealand.
Samarasinghe
Sandhya
S
Jago
Jenny
J
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index