title: MIRU-VNTR typing adds discriminatory value to groups of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae strains defined by spoligotyping.
abstract: The value of Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Number Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) as a genotyping technique for Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae, has been confirmed in different countries and epidemiological scenarios. However, a standardized panel of loci has not yet been adopted for these species, since allelic diversity of each locus differs among countries. To determine the most discriminatory loci, a panel of 181 M. bovis and M. caprae strains representing 12 spoligotypes was created. The panel included strains from the three predominant spoligotypes previously isolated in Portugal; strains from spoligotyping group SB0140, prevalent in the British Isles but also detected in Portugal; strains from spoligotypes common to cattle and wildlife species and strains from the M. caprae spoligotyping group SB0157. MIRU-VNTR analysis of these strains, targeting 8 selected loci, produced 87 different profiles (h=0.99), being VNTR3232, QUB11a, ETR-B and ETR-A the most discriminatory loci (h=0.96). A single M. bovis spoligotyping group could be differentiated - up to 44 MIRU-VNTR profiles. These results emphasize the high genotype diversity of Portuguese isolates compared with other countries. MIRU-VNTR typing was superior to spoligotyping for identifying multi-genotype infected herds and the combination of the two genotyping methods by a hierarchical approach confirmed the genetic relatedness of M. bovis isolates between cattle and wildlife.
authors.affiliation: INRB, I.P./LNIV - Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária, Departamento de Bacteriologia, Estrada de Benfica 701, 1549-011 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Domingos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amado
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Botelho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002417:Cattle; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003670:Deer; D005838:Genotype; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine