title: Quality evaluation of frozen apheresis red blood cell storage with 21-day postthaw storage in additive solution 3 and saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol: biochemical and chromium-51 recovery measures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Czech Republic decided to build the frozen red blood cell (RBC) bank for military contingency and civil emergency preparedness. Storage methods were validated with (51)Cr recovery measures out to 21 days postthaw.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 139 apheresis RBC units collected in additive solution (additive solution 3 [AS-3] or saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol [SAG-M]) were obtained from volunteers by double erythrocytapheresis; all were sterilely glycerolized, frozen, stored for at least 30 days at a minimum of -65 degrees C in collection or cryogenic bags, thawed, sterilely deglycerolized, and stored at 4 +/- 2 degrees C for up to 21 days in AS-3 or SAG-M. Units were sampled before storage and after thaw weekly. Metabolic intermediates and (51)Cr recovery measures were obtained to determine the index of therapeutic effectiveness (ITE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite losses associated with cryoconservation and eventual transfer to cryogenic bags, 3-week storage with optimum ITE was obtained with frozen storage in primary collection or cryogenic bags and postthaw storage in AS-3. Such cells would pass as acceptable in vitro hematology and biochemistry variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A system for frozen RBC storage with 3-week, postthaw, liquid storage has been validated. With commercially available components and automated processing, it is capable of supporting civilian rare blood and emergency and international military combat and peacekeeping support use patterns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Biochemistry and Blood Transfusion, Central Military Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. milos.bohonek@uvn.cz
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bohonek
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrás
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Turek
authors.forename: Jaroslava
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Urbanová
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hrádek
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chmátal
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Staroprazská
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kostírová
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Horcicková
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duchková
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Svobodová
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tejcková
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001781:Blood Component Removal; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000592:standards*; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D002951:Citrates; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005615:Freezing; D005947:Glucose; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates; D012965:Sodium Chloride
chemical_list: C058647:AS-3 preservative solution; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D002951:Citrates; D006454:Hemoglobins; D010710:Phosphates; C051020:SAG-M blood; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005947:Glucose; D000225:Adenine