Intakes of meat, fish, poultry, and eggs and risk of prostate cancer progression.
BACKGROUND
Processed meat and fish have been shown to be associated with the risk of advanced prostate cancer, but few studies have examined diet after prostate cancer diagnosis and risk of its progression.


OBJECTIVE
We examined the association between postdiagnostic consumption of processed and unprocessed red meat, fish, poultry, and eggs and the risk of prostate cancer recurrence or progression.


METHODS
We conducted a prospective study in 1294 men with prostate cancer, without recurrence or progression as of 2004-2005, who were participating in the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor and who were followed for an average of 2 y.


RESULTS
We observed 127 events (prostate cancer death or metastases, elevated prostate-specific antigen concentration, or secondary treatment) during 2610 person-years. Intakes of processed and unprocessed red meat, fish, total poultry, and skinless poultry were not associated with prostate cancer recurrence or progression. Greater consumption of eggs and poultry with skin was associated with 2-fold increases in risk in a comparison of extreme quantiles: eggs [hazard ratio (HR): 2.02; 95% CI: 1.10, 3.72; P for trend = 0.05] and poultry with skin (HR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.36, 3.76; P for trend = 0.003). An interaction was observed between prognostic risk at diagnosis and poultry. Men with high prognostic risk and a high poultry intake had a 4-fold increased risk of recurrence or progression compared with men with low/intermediate prognostic risk and a low poultry intake (P for interaction = 0.003).


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that the postdiagnostic consumption of processed or unprocessed red meat, fish, or skinless poultry is not associated with prostate cancer recurrence or progression, whereas consumption of eggs and poultry with skin may increase the risk.
Richman
Erin L
EL
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. erichman@hsph.harvard.edu
Stampfer
Meir J
MJ
Paciorek
Alan
A
Broering
Jeanette M
JM
Carroll
Peter R
PR
Chan
June M
JM
D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects; D018450:Disease Progression; D004531:Eggs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017747:Seafood / Q000009:adverse effects*
D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen