title: Laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair in femoral hernia without fixation of the mesh.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report on laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair without fixation of mesh for femoral hernia in 6 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 3-year period, laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair of femoral hernia was performed without mesh fixation in 6 patients. The recurrence rate, pain scores, hospital stay, and other morbidity parameters were noted. Pain scores were 1=no pain, 2=mild pain, 3=moderate pain, 4=severe pain, and 5=intolerable pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 6 patients were females and had unilateral hernias. Mean age was 33.8+/-18.6 years, and follow-up ranged from 12 months to 36 months. Four patients were operated on while under spinal anesthesia, and 2 patients were operated on while under general anesthesia. Mean operating time was 29.2+/-10.7 minutes. The mean pain scores 24 hours and the first week after operation were, respectively, 2.33+/-0.52 and 1.33+/-0.52. Mean hospital stay was 1.17+/-0.41 days, and mean days to resumption of normal activities were 8.5+/-2.1 days. No patient had urinary retention or seroma formation in the postoperative period. At follow-up, no hernia had recurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic femoral hernia repair without fixing the mesh is safe, feasible, and associated with minimal morbidity and recurrence rates.
authors.affiliation: Moulana Hospital, Perintalmanna, India; MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Haryana, India. drgargpankaj@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006550:Hernia, Femoral / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012008:Recurrence; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D016896:Treatment Outcome