title: Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: predicting nodal metastases by histologic grade, pattern of invasion and clinical examination.
abstract: With a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, there is still a significant need to define the tumor criteria that allow the disease to be stratified according to the risk of developing lymph node metastases. The histopathology of the primary tumor in 72 consecutive patients with resected squamous cell carcinoma of the penis was reviewed for this study. Tumor tissue was reviewed for (1) histologic grade, (2) invasion pattern, (3) tumor stage, (4) proportion of poorly differentiated tumor cells, (5) invasion depth, (6) proportion of tumor necrosis, (7) angioinvasion, (8) histologic classification, (9) number of lesions, (10) growth pattern, (11) number of mitoses, (12) degree of keratinization, and (13) clinical groin status. It was found that the presence of inguinal lymph node metastases correlated in descending order of frequency with grade G2/G3, clinically positive groin status, reticular invasion, stage pT2/T3, >50% poorly differentiated tumor cells, depth of invasion, and comedolike tumor necrosis. These results revealed that the risk of inguinal lymph node metastasis in penile carcinoma can be predicted on the basis of 3 major factors: histologic grade, pattern of invasion, and clinical groin status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. ibrahim.alkatout@web.de
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alkatout
authors.forename: Carsten Maik
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Naumann
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hedderich
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hegele
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bolenz
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Jünemann
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klöppel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies