title: Adhesion to tooth structure: a critical review of "micro" bond strength test methods.
abstract: The objective of this paper is to critically review the literature regarding the mechanics, geometry, load application and other testing parameters of "micro" shear and tensile adhesion tests, and to outline their advantages and limitations. The testing of multiple specimens from a single tooth conserves teeth and allows research designs not possible using conventional 'macro' methods. Specimen fabrication, gripping and load application methods, in addition to material properties of the various components comprising the resin-tooth adhesive bond, will influence the stress distribution and consequently, the nominal bond strength and failure mode. These issues must be understood; as should the limitations inherent to strength-based testing of a complicated adhesive bond joining dissimilar substrates, for proper test selection, conduct and interpretation. Finite element analysis and comprehensive reporting of test conduct and results will further our efforts towards a standardization of test procedures. For the foreseeable future, both "micro" and "macro" bond strength tests will, as well as various morphological and spectroscopic investigative techniques, continue to be important tools for improving resin-tooth adhesion to increase the service life of dental resin-based composite restorations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, 229 Dental Science Bldg. S, Iowa City, IA 52242-1001, USA. steven-armstrong@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Saulo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geraldeli
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: Luís Henrique Araújo
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Raposo
authors.forename: Carlos José
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamagawa
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003804:Dentin; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements