title: Opiate addiction and the entanglements of imperialism and patriarchy in Manchukuo, 1932-45.
abstract: In the Japanese colonial state of Manchukuo, opiate addiction was condemned by officials and critics alike. But the state-sponsored creation of a monopoly, opium laws, and rehabilitation programs failed to reduce rates of addiction. Further, official media condemnation of opiate addiction melded with local Chinese-language literature to stigmatise addiction, casing a negative light over the state's failure to realise its own anti-opiate agenda. Chinese writers were thus transfixed in a complex colonial environment in which they applauded measures to reduce harm to the local population while levelling critiques of Japanese colonial rule. This paper demonstrates how the Chinese-language literature of Manchukuo did not simply parrot official politics. It also delegitimised Japanese rule through opiate narratives that are gendered, consistently negative, and more critical of the state than might be expected in a colonial literature.
authors.affiliation: Univ. of Guelph.
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D018595:Colonialism / Q000266:history; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006608:Hierarchy, Social; D049673:History, 20th Century; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D007802:Language; D007880:Legislation, Drug / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history; D009111:Local Government / Q000266:history; D008402:Mass Media / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology; D009892:Opium / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history; D011634:Public Health / Q000191:economics / Q000193:education / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D011640:Public Policy / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D011642:Publications / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D012046:Rehabilitation / Q000191:economics / Q000193:education / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D011049:Social Control Policies / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D012930:Social Dominance
chemical_list: D009892:Opium