title: Critical appraisal of subjective outcome measures used in the assessment of shoulder disability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Objective measures can be impractical in some settings, because they are time consuming and require face-to-face contact. More recently, there is an increasing trend towards the use of subjective outcome measures. Hence, in this article, five common subjective shoulder outcome measures are critically appraised in terms of their development, validity, reliability, responsiveness and clinical application.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following an extensive literature search, five common shoulder patient-based scores were identified: Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ-UK), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ). These questionnaires were then critically appraised in terms of their development process, validity, reliability, responsiveness, and clinical application.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SDQ-UK has shown good construct validity but there is no data available regarding internal consistency, reliability and responsiveness. The SPADI has good internal consistency, fair reliability with adequate criterion and construct validity. The DASH has shown to have good construct validity, excellent test-re-test reliability and responsiveness to change. The OSS has good sensitivity, validity and responsiveness. Though SRQ has good internal consistency, its reproducibility and responsiveness are poor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on this critical appraisal, the DASH received the best ratings for its clinimetric properties followed by the OSS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Upper Limb Surgery, Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, UK.
authors.forename: Aravind S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Asterios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dramis
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hearnden
mesh_terms: D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012782:Shoulder; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards