title: Deep white matter volume loss and social reintegration after traumatic brain injury in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether children judged by their parents as showing an "excellent" or "complete" social reintegration after pediatric traumatic brain injury have less white matter volume (WMV) loss and better neuropsychological test scores than children who do not achieve this same level of reintegration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary-care hospital/medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight children with post-acute traumatic brain injury evaluated as outpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parental ratings of overall social reintegration, neuropsychological test performance, and voxel-based morphometry analysis of brain WMV loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to showing worse neuropsychological test performance, children judged not to make a complete or excellent social reintegration had greater WMV loss, particularly within the corpus callosum. WMV loss in the corpus callosum correlated with the child's Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) Full Scale IQ (rho = .677, P = .000) and parental ratings of level of social integration (rho = .415, P = .028). Admitting Glasgow Coma Scale scores, mother's level of education, WISC-IV Processing Speed Index scores, and WMV loss in the region of the corpus callosum significantly contributed to parental ratings of a child's level of social reintegration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary findings suggested that diffuse WMV loss, particularly in deep brain regions (eg, corpus callosum), may relate to the child's long-term psychosocial outcome as viewed from the parents' perspective.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA.
authors.forename: Shawn D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Prigatano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001284:Atrophy; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009929:Organ Size; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011379:Prognosis; D011594:Psychometrics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012917:Social Adjustment