title: Combination of rituximab and intravenous immunoglobulin for recalcitrant ocular cicatricial pemphigoid: a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness and safety of the combination therapy of rituximab (RTX) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) to other immunosuppressive regimens in the treatment of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, comparative, interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with OCP.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed medical records of 12 patients with OCP. Ten of the 12 patients were blind in 1 eye after initial systemic immunosuppressive therapies (phase 1 treatment). The patients were then divided into 2 groups based on treatments received during phase 2. The study group consisted of 6 patients who received the combination of RTX and IVIg during phase 2 of their treatment. For comparison purposes, the control group consisted of 6 patients who during phase 2 of their treatment received more aggressive immunosuppressive therapies, but not RTX and IVIg, because the insurance carriers refused to pay for the combination therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blindness (best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA] < or =20/200) and OCP staging (Foster).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median total follow-up periods were 57.5 and 55.5 months in the control group and the study group, respectively. After phase 1 treatment, all 6 patients in the control group were blind in 1 eye. Similarly, 4 of the patients in the study group were blind in 1 eye, whereas 2 had good BCVA bilaterally but experienced persistent conjunctival inflammation despite phase 1 treatment. After phase 2 treatment, all 6 patients in the control group had OCP progression and became blind in both eyes. In contrast, BCVA was stable and no further progression of OCP staging was observed in all 6 patients in the study group. In the study group, the median follow-up from completion of the RTX and IVIg treatment protocol was 11 months. No adverse events, immediate or delayed, were reported in any of the patients who received the combination therapy of RTX and IVIg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this preliminary study, the combination therapy of RTX and IVIg arrested disease progression and prevented total blindness in patients with recalcitrant OCP.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. sfoster@mersi.us
authors.forename: C Stephen
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Peter Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: A Razzaque
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001766:Blindness / Q000517:prevention & control; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010390:Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000069283:Rituximab; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000069283:Rituximab