title: The Italian version of the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4. A new measure of brain injury outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The assessment of major obstacles to community integration which may result from an acquired brain injury (ABI) is needed for rational planning and effective management of ABI patients' social adjustment. Currently, such a generally acceptable measure is not available for the Italian population. This paper reports the translation process, the internal consistency, and the inter-rater reliability data for the Italian version of the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 (MPAI-4), a useful measure with highly developed and well documented psychometric properties. The MPAI-4 is specifically designed to assess socially relevant aspects of physical status and cognitive-behavioural competence following ABI. It is a 29-item inventory which is divided into three subdomains (Abilities, Adjustment, and Participation indices) covering a reasonably representative range
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty ABI patients with at least one-year discharge from the rehabilitation facilities were submitted to the Italian MPAI-4. They were independently rated by two different rehabilitation professionals and a family member/significant other serving as informant (SO). Internal consistency was assessed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha values. Inter-rater agreement for individual items was statistically examined by determining the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to the 8% of perfectly correspondent sentences, a clear prevalence (75.5%) of minor semantic variations and formal variations with no semantic value at the sentence-to-sentence matching was found. Full-scale Cronbach's alpha was 0.951 and 0.947 for the two professionals (rater #1 and rater #2, respectively), and was 0.957 for the family member serving as informant (rater #3). Full-Scale ICC (2.1) between professionals and SOs was 0.804 (CI=95%; lower-upper bound=0.688-0.901).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Italian MPAI-4 shares many psychometric features with the original English version, demonstrates both good internal consistency and good inter-rater reliability. The MPAI-4 confirms to be suitable for research applications in postacute settings as an efficient, broad and inclusive outcome measure for adult subjects with ABI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. cattel@unipr.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cattelani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corsini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Posteraro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agosti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saccavini
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D020127:Recovery of Function; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012917:Social Adjustment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult