title: Differential effects of thiazolidinediones on adipocyte growth and recruitment in Zucker fatty rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adipose tissue grows by two mechanisms: hyperplasia (cell number increase) and hypertrophy (cell size increase). Thiazolidinediones are insulin-sensitizing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists that are known to affect the morphology of adipose tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, adipose cell-size probability distributions were measured in six Zucker fa/fa rats over a period of 24 days, from four weeks of age, using micro-biopsies to obtain subcutaneous (inguinal) fat tissue from the animals. Three of the rats were gavaged daily with rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, and three served as controls. These longitudinal probability distributions were analyzed to obtain the rate of increase in cell-size diameter in rosiglitazone-treated animals, and the hyperplasia induced by treatment quantitatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that treatment leads to hypertrophy that leads to an approximately linear rate of cell diameter increase (2 m/day), and that the hyperplasia evident in treated animals occurs largely within the first eight days of treatment. The availability of additional lipid storage due to treatment may alleviate lipotoxicity and thereby promote insulin sensitivity. The hypothesis that a TZD regimen involving repeated treatments of limited duration may suffice for improvements in insulin sensitivity merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacKellar
authors.forename: Samuel W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cushman
authors.forename: Vipul
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Periwal
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002452:Cell Count; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D005947:Glucose