title: Association between clinical signs and histopathologic changes in the synovium of the tarsocrural joint of horses with osteochondritis dissecans of the tibia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a scoring system for histopathologic changes in the synovium of tarsocrural joints (TCJs) of horses with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) and to test for association between histopathologic changes and joint effusion or lameness.
  
  
  METHODS
  93 horses with OCD of the intermediate ridge of the tibia of 1 or both TCJs (134 joints) and 38 control horses without disease of TCJs (38 joints).
  
  
  METHODS
  For OCD-affected horses, pretreatment lameness, TCJ effusion, and results of pelvic limb flexion test were scored. Synovial biopsy specimens were obtained from TCJs of OCD-affected horses during arthroscopy, and similar postmortem tissue specimens were obtained from control horses through a small arthrotomy. Histologic signs of synovitis in 172 biopsy specimens were scored by 2 pathologists (A and B) by use of 2 criteria: synoviocyte proliferation and cellular infiltration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of scoring revealed good to very good intraobserver agreement within pathologist A (weighted kappa [WK], 0.76 to 0.81), and moderate to good agreement within pathologist B (WK, 0.56 to 0.63). Interobserver agreement for synoviocyte proliferation (WK, 0.34 to 0.52) and cellular infiltration (WK, 0.38 to 0.48) scores was fair to moderate. Joint effusion and synoviocyte proliferation were significantly associated, as were joint effusion and cellular infiltration. There was no association between histopathologic changes and the other clinical signs evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The scoring system was helpful for evaluating synovial inflammation caused by OCD of the intermediate ridge of the tibia in horses. Histopathologic signs of synovial inflammation were associated with effusion but not with lameness.
authors.affiliation: Jagersro Equine ATG Clinic, Jagersro, 212 37 Malmo, Sweden. palle.brink@jagersro.nshorse.se
authors.forename: Palle
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brink
authors.forename: Mikala
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skydsgaard
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teige
authors.forename: Aage
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tverdal
authors.forename: Nils I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Dolvik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000473:pathology*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006736:Horses; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000175:diagnosis; D010008:Osteochondritis Dissecans / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000473:pathology*