title: Tensile strength and adhesion formation of mesh fixation systems used in laparoscopic incisional hernia repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mesh tearoff from the tissue is the most common reason for hernia recurrence after hernia surgery involving the use of a synthetic mesh. Various fixation systems were critically compared in terms of their retention strength and the formation of adhesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study with 25 Sprague-Dawley rats, two pieces of Parietex composite meshes measuring 2 x 3 cm were fixed intraperitoneally in a paramedian location. The randomized mesh fixation groups included transfascial fixed suture, ProTack, AbsorbaTack, and I-Clip. Of the 25 rats, 12 were killed and analyzed 1 week after implantation, with the remaining 13 rats killed and analyzed after 2 months. Adhesions observed at the time of mesh removal were measured according to an adhesion scoring system, and the fixation strengths of the individual fixation systems were tested. Additionally, the foreign body reaction to the mesh and fixation systems was measured as well as their potential degradation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 1 week, the retention strength of transfascial fixed suture was significantly higher (8.7 N/cm(2)) than that of ProTack (5.6 N/cm(2)) or AbsorbaTack (5.7 N/cm(2)). After 2 months, the retention strength had increased to 13.2 N/cm(2) in the transfascial fixed suture group, which was significantly higher than in the ProTack (9.7 N/cm(2)) or AbsorbaTack (8.7 N/cm(2)) groups. In contrast, the mesh could be fixed with the I-Clip only in 56% of the cases, and then achieved rather poor retention strength. Adhesion was significantly greater in the ProTack group than in any of the other groups (p < 0.001). At 2 months, scanning electron microscopy showed only marginal degradation of the absorbable elements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suture fixation led to satisfactory attachment of the prosthesis. Additional widespread anchorage of the mesh was achieved with ProTack or AbsorbaTack. The feasibility and retention strength of the I-Clip were poor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, SMZ Floridsdorf, Hinaysgasse 1, Vienna 1210, Austria. hollinsky@aon.at
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hollinsky
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kolbe
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joachim
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rülicke
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tuchmann
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D006555:Hernia, Ventral / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome