title: Does quality of life among breast cancer survivors one year after diagnosis differ depending on urban and non-urban residence? A comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined the quality of life (QOL), measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) questionnaire, among urban (n = 277) and non-urban (n = 323) breast cancer survivors and women from the general population (n = 1140) in Queensland, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based samples of breast cancer survivors aged < 75 years who were 12 months post-diagnosis and similarly-aged women from the general population were recruited between 2002 and 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age-adjusted QOL among urban and non-urban breast cancer survivors was similar, although QOL related to breast cancer concerns was the weakest domain and was lower among non-urban survivors than their urban counterparts (36.8 versus 40.4, P < 0.01). Irrespective of residence, breast cancer survivors, on average, reported comparable scores on most QOL scales as their general population peers, although physical well-being was significantly lower among non-urban survivors (versus the general population, P < 0.01). Overall, around 20%-33% of survivors experienced lower QOL than peers without the disease. The odds of reporting QOL below normative levels were increased more than two-fold for those who experienced complications following surgery, reported upper-body problems, had higher perceived stress levels and/or a poor perception of handling stress (P < 0.01 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results can be used to identify subgroups of women at risk of low QOL and to inform components of tailored recovery interventions to optimize QOL for these women following cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia. t.disipio@qut.edu.au
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: DiSipio
authors.forename: Sandi C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D011793:Queensland; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D017741:Survivors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population