In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Acer tegmentosum.
OBJECTIVE
Acer tegmentosum has been traditionally used for folk medicine to treat hepatic disorders such as hepatitis, hepatic cancer, and hepatic cirrhosis. In this study, we demonstrate the ethno-pharmacological activity of Acer tegmentosum in in vitro and in vivo inflammatory conditions.


RESULTS
The 70% ethanol extract (At-EE) of Acer tegmentosum dose-dependently diminished the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and prostaglandin (PG)E(2), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages, by a transcriptional mechanism. At-EE also suppressed the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, activator protein (AP)-1, and cAMP-responsive element binding (CREB), and simultaneously blocked their upstream inflammatory signalling cascades, including Akt, p38, and JNK. Furthermore, At-EE protected against LPS-induced cell death induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and neutralized reactive species generation. In agreement with the in vitro results, orally administered At-EE strongly ameliorated ear oedema formation induced by arachidonic acid.


CONCLUSIONS
At-EE displays strong anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo, contributing to its major ethno-pharmacological role such as anti-hepatitis remedy and may be applicable to novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
Yu
Tao
T
School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
Lee
Jaehwi
J
Lee
Yong Gyu
YG
Byeon
Se Eun
SE
Kim
Min Ho
MH
Sohn
Eun-Hwa
EH
Lee
Yong Jin
YJ
Lee
Sun Gu
SG
Cho
Jae Youl
JY
D031002:Acer / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D017931:DNA Primers; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol; D015232:Dinoprostone