title: Pharmacological chaperone therapy by active-site-specific chaperones in Fabry disease: in vitro and preclinical studies.
abstract: Many genetic disorders are due to protein misfolding and excessive premature degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). When a gene mutation does not affect the functionality of the protein, it may still promote the premature clearance of the protein by ER-associated degradation (ERAD), resulting in a loss of function. Competitive inhibitors are often effective active-site-specific chaperones when used at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Active-site-specific chaperones assist in the folding of mutant lysosomal enzymes in the ER, thereby promoting their escape from ERAD, enhancing trafficking to the lysosome and increasing the level of residual enzyme activity. In Fabry disease, degradation of various mutant forms of a-galactosidase A (alpha-gal A) has been shown to take place in the ER as a result of protein misfolding. One of the most potent inhibitors of alpha-gal A, 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin, has also been shown to be effective in enhancing residual alpha-gal A activity in cultured fibroblasts and lymphoblasts established from patients with Fabry disease caused by a variety of missense mutations. Oral administration of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin to transgenic mice expressing a mutant form of human alpha-gal A (R301Q) yielded higher alpha-gal A activity in major tissues, compared with untreated transgenic mice.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France. dominique.germain@rpc.aphp.fr
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Germain
authors.forename: J-Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D017485:1-Deoxynojirimycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000187:drug effects*; D020536:Enzyme Activators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000795:Fabry Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D050111:Imino Sugars / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017510:Protein Folding; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020536:Enzyme Activators; D050111:Imino Sugars; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D017485:1-Deoxynojirimycin; C090092:migalastat; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase