title: Lamellar body exocytosis by cell stretch or purinergic stimulation: possible physiological roles, messengers and mechanisms.
abstract: A major function of the pulmonary alveolar type II cell is the secretion of surfactant, a lipoprotein-like substance, via exocytosis of secretory vesicles termed lamellar bodies (LBs). The process of surfactant secretion is remarkable in several aspects, considering stimulus-delayed fusion activity, poor solubility of vesicle contents, long hemifusion lifetimes, slow fusion pore expansion and active, actin-driven content release. Cell stretch as well as P2Y(2) receptor stimulation by extracellular ATP are considered the most potent stimuli for LB exocytosis. For both stimuli, elevation of the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)](c) is a key step. This review summarizes possible physiological roles and pathways of stretch- or ATP-induced surfactant secretion and discusses molecular mechanisms controlling the pre-, hemi- and postfusion phase, in comparison with neuroendocrine release mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Institute of General Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. paul.dietl@uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dietl
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liss
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Felder
authors.forename: Pika
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miklavc
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wirtz
mesh_terms: D056809:Alveolar Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005089:Exocytosis; D006801:Humans; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000378:metabolism; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D022142:Secretory Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2