title: Molecular mechanisms involved in adenosine-induced endothelial cell barrier enhancement.
abstract: Extracellular adenosine is a physiologically relevant agonist released by various sources, including endothelial cells (EC) and activated platelets, with complex effects mediated via activation of P1 purinergic receptors. Adenosine-induced EC production of glutathione peroxidase1 and nitric oxide is recognized, and an anti-inflammatory mechanism has been described. Effects of extracellular adenosine on the pulmonary EC barrier function and vascular permeability, however, remain poorly characterized. In this study, we demonstrated the adenosine-induced rapid dose-dependent barrier enhancement in human pulmonary artery EC (HPAEC) as measured by an increase in transendothelial electrical resistance (TER). We have shown that HPAEC express only A2A and A2B adenosine receptors. Pharmacological and siRNA depletion studies indicate that A2A, but not A2B receptor activation is required for the adenosine-induced TER increase. Depletion of Galphas with a specific siRNA significantly attenuated the adenosine-induced TER response in HPAEC. In contrast, depletion of either Galphaq or Galphai2 did not affect the adenosine-induced TER increase. This suggests that the adenosine-induced TER increase is cAMP-dependent. The adenosine-induced barrier enhancement effects were associated with a rearrangement of the EC F-actin component of the cytoskeleton, enhanced cell-surface presentation of cell-cell junctional protein VE-cadherin and an involvement of Myosin-light-chain phosphatase (MLCP). Our results suggest, for the first time, that adenosine regulates the EC barrier function via A2A receptors followed by Galphas engagement and is associated with cytoskeletal activation.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
authors.forename: Nagavedi S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Umapathy
authors.forename: Zhenghong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Evgeny A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Zemskov
authors.forename: Irina B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Alieva
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Alexander D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Verin
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017097:Electric Impedance; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D044385:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010539:Permeability; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D044385:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000241:Adenosine