title: The post-antifungal effect (PAFE) of amphotericin B, nystatin, ketoconazole and 5-fluorocytosine and its impact on the colonization traits of Candida glabrata.
abstract: The post-antifungal effect (PAFE) has been shown to affect Candida pathogenicity, but there is little information on either PAFE or its association with the colonization traits of Candida glabrata. The objective of this study was to determine, in vitro, the PAFE on 14 C. glabrata isolates following exposure to amphotericin B (AMB), nystatin (NYS), ketoconazole (KETO) and 5-fluorocytosine (5FC). In addition, we evaluated the impact of PAFE on yeast adherence to buccal epithelial cells (BEC), cell-surface-hydrophobicity (CSH) and biofilm growth (BG) on denture acrylic surfaces. PAFE was induced following a 1-h exposure of yeasts to (x1-x4MIC) of AMB, NYS, KETO and 5FC in RPMI medium and, measured using automated turbidometry. The BEC adhesion, CSH and BG assays were performed by the methods of Kimura & Pearsall, Sweet et al., and Jin et al., respectively. Significant differences in PAFE (P < 0.001) were observed after exposure to AMB and NYS, but not KETO and 5FC. Following exposure to AMB, NYS, KETO and 5FC, significant inter-strain differences (P < 0.001) were observed in percentage terms in adhesion (39.0%, 43.48%, 38.28%, 35.07%) and biofilm growth (42.86%, 39.86%, 42.81%, 36.38%), respectively. Short exposure of C. glabrata to sub-cidal concentrations of antifungals modulates yeast growth and also affects some of their colonization traits.
authors.affiliation: Oral Bio-sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. lakshman@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Samaranayake
authors.forename: J Y Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yau
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Thein
authors.forename: J A M S
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jayatilake
authors.forename: K W S
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Samaranayake
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D018533:Biomass; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000382:microbiology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D005437:Flucytosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D009761:Nystatin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009761:Nystatin; D000666:Amphotericin B; D005437:Flucytosine; D007654:Ketoconazole