title: Effect of chloroquine phosphate treatment on serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: Antimalarials are widely used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, their mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated. Literature data indicate that matrix metalloproteinases may play a role in the immune response and tissue damage that occur in autoimmune skin diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 3 months of chloroquine treatment on serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The study group consisted of 25 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 25 sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers. Before drug administration, serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The same procedure was performed after chloroquine treatment. We found significantly higher median serum levels of MMP-9 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus before therapy (57.20 ng/ml) when compared with controls (44.50 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). After chloroquine therapy the median MMP-9 serum level of systemic lupus erythematosus patients decreased significantly (43 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Before treatment the median TIMP-1 serum level in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was significantly higher than in the control group (500 vs. 200 ng/ml; p < 0.001), and after therapy it increased significantly (750 ng/ml TIMP-1; p < 0.001). The results suggest that chloroquine treatment may affect the matrix metalloproteinase network, and this effect may contribute to the immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of antimalarials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland. lesiak_ola@interia.pl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lesiak
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Narbutt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sysa-Jedrzejowska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lukamowicz
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: McCauliffe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wózniacka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000962:Antimalarials; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; C023676:chloroquine diphosphate; D002738:Chloroquine; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9