title: Orphan and hybrid two-component system proteins in health and disease.
abstract: Bacterial interaction with eukaryotic hosts is often mediated by classical two-component systems, where a sensor kinase controls the phosphorylated state of a cognate response regulator directly, as well as by atypical two-component systems. In the gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, the sensor kinase and response regulator domains are fused into a single polypeptide, resulting in a membrane-bound regulator usually directing expression of enzymes that degrade certain sugars, making them digestible for humans. In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a sensor kinase alters disease expression programs by binding to and altering the enzymatic properties of a different sensor. Soil-dwelling Streptomyces species rely on response regulators lacking conserved residues to govern expression of antibiotic biosynthetic enzymes in a phosphorylation-independent manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Varsha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raghavan
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Groisman
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases