title: Characterization of a variant vlhA gene of Mycoplasma synoviae, strain WVU 1853, with a highly divergent haemagglutinin region.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Mycoplasma synoviae, type strain WVU 1853, a single member of the haemaglutinin vlhA gene family has been previously shown to be expressed. Variants of vlhA are expressed from the same unique vlhA promoter by recruiting pseudogene sequences via site-specific recombination events, thus generating antigenic variability. Using a bacterial stock of M. synoviae WVU 1853 that had been colony purified thrice and maintained in our laboratory at low passage level, we previously identified a vlhA gene-related partial coding sequence, referred to as MS2/28.1. The E. coli-expressed product of this partial coding sequence was found to be immunodominant, suggesting that it might be expressed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reverse transcription-PCR amplification (RT-PCR), using a sense primer located at the 5'-end region of the expected vlhA transcript and a reverse primer located at the 3' end of MS2/28.1 coding sequence, yielded a consistent amplification product showing that MS2/28.1 was indeed transcribed. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the RT-PCR product identified an 1815-nucleotide full-length open reading frame (ORF), immediately preceded by a nucleotide sequence identical to that previously reported for expressed vlhA genes. PCR amplifications using genomic DNA isolated from single colonies further confirmed that the full-length ORF of MS2/28.1 was located downstream of the unique vlhA promoter sequence. The deduced 604-amino acid (aa) sequence showed a perfect sequence identity to the previously reported vlhA expressed genes along the first 224 residues, then highly diverged with only 37.6% aa identity. Despite the fact that this M. synoviae clone expressed a highly divergent and considerably shorter C-terminal haemagglutinin product, it was found to be expressed at the surface of the bacterium and was able to haemagglutinate chicken erythrocytes. Importantly, the E. coli-expressed C-terminal highly divergent 60 residues of MS2/28.1 proved haemagglutination competent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to the previously characterized vlhA expressed variants, MS2/28.1 displayed a highly divergent sequence, while still able to haemagglutinate erythrocytes. Overall, the data provide an indication as to which extent the M. synoviae vlhA gene could vary its antigenic repertoire.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Mycoplasmes, Département de Microbiologie Vétérinaire, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur BP 74, 1002 Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Awatef Béjaoui
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Khiari
authors.forename: Ibtissem
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guériri
authors.forename: Radhia Ben
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: Boutheina Ben Abdelmoumen
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Mardassi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000235:genetics*; D037102:Lectins / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D045805:Mycoplasma synoviae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D006388:Hemagglutinins; D037102:Lectins; C406455:VlhA protein, Mycoplasma synoviae