title: Alberta Diabetes and Physical Activity Trial (ADAPT): a randomized theory-based efficacy trial for adults with type 2 diabetes--rationale, design, recruitment, evaluation, and dissemination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The primary aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three physical activity (PA) behavioural intervention strategies in a sample of adults with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (N = 287) were randomly assigned to one of three groups consisting of the following intervention strategies: (1) standard printed PA educational materials provided by the Canadian Diabetes Association [i.e., Group 1/control group)]; (2) standard printed PA educational materials as in Group 1, pedometers, a log book and printed PA information matched to individuals' PA stage of readiness provided every 3 months (i.e., Group 2); and (3) PA telephone counseling protocol matched to PA stage of readiness and tailored to personal characteristics, in addition to the materials provided in Groups 1 and 2 (i.e., Group 3). PA behaviour measured by the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire and related social-cognitive measures were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18-months (i.e., 6-month follow-up). Clinical (biomarkers) and health-related quality of life assessments were conducted at baseline, 12-months, and 18-months. Linear Mixed Model (LMM) analyses will be used to examine time-dependent changes from baseline across study time points for Groups 2 and 3 relative to Group 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADAPT will determine whether tailored but low-cost interventions can lead to sustainable increases in PA behaviours. The results may have implications for practitioners in designing and implementing theory-based physical activity promotion programs for this population.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00221234.
authors.affiliation: School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia. ron.plotnikoff@newcastle.edu.au
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Plotnikoff
authors.forename: Kerry S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Courneya
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sigal
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Birkett
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raine
authors.forename: Steven T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Nandini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karunamuni
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy / Q000295:instrumentation; D000416:Alberta; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003376:Counseling; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D010174:Pamphlets; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D018579:Patient Selection; D011788:Quality of Life; D012107:Research Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013689:Telephone; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers