title: Fate of ochratoxin A content in Argentinian red wine during a pilot scale vinification.
abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the fate of ochratoxin A (OTA) content from must to wine during the red wine making process in a pilot scale vinification. The study was done using musts obtained from two red grape varieties (Bonarda and Tempranillo) artificially contaminated with two OTA levels. A duplicate set of tanks of 100 I each was established for each must (Bonarda and Tempranillo). The fermentations were initiated by inoculation of two Saccharomyces spp. strains having different fermentation performance. The must from the Tempranillo variety was spiked with 6 microg/I of OTA while that from the Bonarda variety with 0.3 microg/I of the toxin. Samples were collected at different stages of the process. Performance of the alcoholic and malolactic fermentations was monitored. Titratable and volatile acidity, pH, ethanol, sugar and SO2 concentrations were determined following standard methods proposed by the Office International de la Vigne et du Vin (OIV). OTA analysis was done by HPLC. Detection and quantification limits were 0.01 and 0.1 ng/ml, respectively. The OTA levels during the vinification trials dropped to an average of about 86.5%. The type of Saccharomyces strains used showed no effect on toxin reduction.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ponsone
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chiotta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Combina
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dalcero
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Chulze
mesh_terms: D001118:Argentina; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D005506:Food Contamination; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A; D000431:Ethanol