title: Haemangioma of the parathyroid gland. Does it really exist?
abstract: We are reporting a case of a capillary haemangioma-like proliferation arising within a parathyroid gland adenoma, associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. The vessel proliferation bearing a close resemblance to a capillary haemangioma consisted of tightly packed capillaries, endothelial buds and occasional small caliber muscle-containing vessels. The observation expands the spectrum of tumour-associated vascular proliferations by adding an exuberant haemangioma-like pattern to its extreme end. These are a heterogeneous group of lesions reportedly induced by aberrant production of angiogenic factors. We investigated expression of VEGF, pKDR, FGF2, HIF1alpha and HIF2alpha and only VEGF gave a strong positive reaction in the adenoma cells entrapped in the vascular meshwork. Although this does not constitute a proof that aberrant VEGF production was a causative agent, unexpected supportive evidence for its pathogenic role emerged from a failure to detect chromogranin A. Chromogranin A is a precursor of several regulatory proteins, including vasostatin I, a multilevel suppressor of VEGF. The production of vasostatin I may have been reduced in a chromogranin A-negative adenoma which could lead to a loss of its opposing effect on VEGF-regulated processes. The only two other published cases of haemangioma of the parathyroid gland were reported in patients diagnosed with primary parathyroid hyperplasia with hyperparathyroidism, a pathophysiologic condition similar to our case. Therefore we raise the question whether these tumours could also represent a reactive phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Pathology, James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough, UK. alexandr.svec@vfn.cz
authors.forename: Alexandr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Svec
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bury
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A