Off-premise alcohol sales policies, drinking, and sexual risk among people living with HIV.
Drinking among HIV-positive individuals increases risks of disease progression and possibly sexual transmission. We examined whether state alcohol sales policies are associated with drinking and sexual risk among people living with HIV. In a multivariate analysis combining national survey and state policy data, we found that HIV-positive residents of states allowing liquor sales in drug and grocery stores had 70% to 88% greater odds of drinking, daily drinking, and binge drinking than did HIV-positive residents of other states. High-risk sexual activity was more prevalent in states permitting longer sales hours (7% greater odds for each additional hour). Restrictive alcohol sales policies may reduce drinking and transmission risk in HIV-positive individuals.
Collins
Rebecca L
RL
RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 90407, USA. collins@rand.org
Taylor
Stephanie L
SL
Elliott
Marc N
MN
Ringel
Jeanne S
JS
Kanouse
David E
DE
Beckman
Robin
R
D000328:Adult; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003132:Commerce / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012309:Risk-Taking; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*