title: Multiple myeloma treatment response assessment with whole-body dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare posttreatment bone marrow changes at whole-body dynamic contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with clinical response in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to determine if this technique can be used to assess treatment response in patients with MM.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was approved by an institutional review board; all patients gave informed written consent. Thirty patients (21 men, nine women; mean age, 58 years +/- 10 [standard deviation]) underwent whole-body dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging before treatment, after induction chemotherapy (n = 30), and after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) (n = 20). Maximal percentages of bone marrow (BME(max)) and focal lesion (FLE(max)) enhancement were assessed at each MR imaging examination. Clinical responses were determined on the basis of international uniform response criteria. Posttreatment changes in BME(max)and FLE(max)were compared with clinical response to therapy by using the Mann-Whitney U test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of posttreatment BME(max)was used to identify poor responders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven of 30 patients were good responders to induction chemotherapy; 16 of 20 patients were good responders to ASCT. After induction chemotherapy, mean BME(max)differed between good and poor responders (94.3% vs 138.4%, respectively; P = .02). With the exclusion of results from six examinations with focal lesions in which a poor clinical response was classified but BME(max)had normalized, a posttreatment BME(max)of more than 96.8% had 100% sensitivity for the identification of poor responders (specificity, 76.9%; area under the ROC curve, 0.90; P = .0001). Mean FLE(max)after induction chemotherapy did not differ between good and poor responders. Mean timing (ie, the number of postcontrast dynamic acquisitions where FLE(max)was observed) was significantly delayed in good responders compared with poor responders (4.7 vs 2.9, P < .0001). Post-ASCT MR imaging results correctly depicted all four clinically good responders whose disease subsequently progressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With quantitative analysis of BME(max)and the timing of FLE(max), whole-body dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging can be used to assess treatment response in patients with MM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, 51 Avenue du Malréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Chieh
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luciani
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Belhadj
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Deux
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kuhnowski
authors.forename: Mezri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maatouk
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beaussart
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cuenod
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haioun
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahmouni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D051598:Whole Body Imaging
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D008536:Meglumine; C072417:gadoterate meglumine