title: Assisting two children with multiple disabilities and minimal motor skills control environmental stimuli with thumb poke through a trackball.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microswitches are the most commonly used input device for people with multiple disabilities to control environmental stimulation. However, little is known about adopting the commercial trackball with a revised trackball driver as a more feasible input device.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether two children with profound multiple disabilities and minimal motor skills would be able to control environmental stimulation using thumb poke ability through cordless trackballs installed with a newly developed mouse driver (i.e. a new mouse driver replacing a standard mouse driver, turning a trackball mouse into a precise thumb poke detector).
  
  
  METHODS
  An ABAB design and a 2-month post-intervention check were adopted to perform the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data showed that the two children improved significantly in their target response (thumb poke) to activate the control system to produce environmental stimuli during the B (intervention) phases. This performance was maintained at the post-intervention check.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of thumb poke in connection with a trackball allowed the children with multiple disabilities and minimal motor skills to increase their level of response and stimulation control.
authors.affiliation: National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan. schee@mail.ndhu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Ching-Hsiang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Ching-Tien
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Shih
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D002648:Child; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D019988:Children with Disabilities; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D013933:Thumb / Q000502:physiology*; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology*