title: Emotional/behavioral problems and functional impairment in clinic- and community-based children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Taiwan.
abstract: Using a sample of 268 patients and 137 community-based children with DSM-IV ADHD, and 268 school controls, aged 6-15, this study aimed to compare the emotional/behavioral problems and functional impairment between clinic- and community-based children with ADHD. Children's ADHD-related symptoms, a wide range of emotional/behavioral problems, and functional impairments were assessed by the psychiatric interviews and self-, parent- and teacher-reported questionnaires. Both ADHD groups scored higher in parent- and teacher-reported ADHD-related symptoms, wide-ranging emotional/behavioral problems, and impairments in the school, peer, family, and leisure time domains than school controls. However, clinic-based children with ADHD had more physical/developmental problems, more severe functional impairments and teacher-reported hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms, and higher family burdens than their community counterparts. Our findings suggest that a higher maternal educational level, parent's perceived child functional impairment, teacher's perceived impaired peer relationship and hyperactivity-impulsivity, and child physical and developmental problems may be related to the psychiatric referrals of children with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10002. gaushufe@ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Susan Shur-Fen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gau
authors.forename: Yu-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chi-Yung
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Shih-Kai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yen-Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Wei-Tsuen
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Soong
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000523:psychology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004522:Educational Status; D004644:Emotions; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010552:Personality Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan