title: Bisphosphonates treatment and orthodontic considerations.
abstract: Currently, the use of oral and systemic forms of bisphosphonates is increasing dramatically in a large group of patients either in the form of anti-osteoporosis medications or as a part of a chemotherapeutic regimen for several malignant diseases. As adult orthodontic treatment has become more widely accepted in most orthodontic practices, orthodontists must be aware of the risks, benefits, and effects of bisphosphonates use on the patient's general health status, as well as on their orthodontic treatment outcomes. This review aims to discuss the use of bisphosphonates, the complications associated with their use, and their impact on orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Al-Azhar University Faculty of Dental Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ghoneima
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Allam
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zunt
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Windsor
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*; D000075202:Contraindications; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates