title: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type 1 (PAC1) receptor is expressed during embryonic development of the earthworm.
abstract: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP)-like molecules have been shown to be present in cocoon albumin and in Eisenia fetida embryos at an early developmental stage (E1) by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Here, we focus on detecting the stage at which PAC1 receptor (PAC1R)-like immunoreactivity first appears in germinal layers and structures, e.g., various parts of the central nervous system (CNS), in developing earthworm embryos. PAC1R-like immunoreactivity was revealed by Western blot and Far Western blot as early as the E2 developmental stage, occurring in the ectoderm and later in specific neurons of the developing CNS. Labeled CNS neurons were first seen in the supraesophageal ganglion (brain) and subsequently in the subesophageal and ventral nerve cord ganglia. Ultrastructurally, PAC1Rs were located mainly on plasma membranes and intracellular membranes, especially on cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, PACAP-like compounds probably influence the differentiation of germinal layers (at least the ectoderm) and of some neurons and might act as signaling molecules during earthworm embryonic development.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Zoology, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Akos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boros
authors.forename: Ildikó
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Somogyi
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Engelmann
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lubics
authors.forename: Dóra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reglodi
authors.forename: Edit
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pollák
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Molnár
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005724:Ganglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D051237:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051237:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I; D014020:Tissue Extracts