title: DNA repair gene polymorphism is associated with the genetic basis of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial process that appears to be caused by the interaction of environmental risk factors with multiple predisposing genes. It is nowadays accepted that increased levels of DNA damage induced by xenobiotics play an important role in the early phases of atherogenesis. Therefore, in this study, we focus on determining whether genetic variations in xenobiotic-metabolizing [glutathione-S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), glutathione-S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), cytochrome P450 IIEI (CYP2E1)] and DNA repair [X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1)] genes might be associated with increased risk for CAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted with 400 individuals who underwent subjected to coronary angiography. A total of 299 were patients diagnosed with effective coronary atherosclerosis (case group; >20% obstructive lesion), and 101 (control group) were individuals diagnosed as negative for CAD (<20% obstructive lesions). The polymorphism identifications for GSTM1 and GSTT1, and for CYP2E1 and XRCC1 genes were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and by PCR-RFLP, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The XRCC1 homozygous wild-type genotype Arg/Arg for codon 399 was statistically less pronounced in the case subjects (21.4%) than in controls (38.5%); individuals with the variant XRCC1 genotype had a 2.3-fold increased risk for coronary atherosclerosis than individuals with the wild-type genotype (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.13-4.69). Conversely, no association between GSTM1, GSTT1, and CYP2E1gene polymorphisms and coronary atherosclerosis was detected. The results provide evidence of the role of DNA damage and repair in cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Bazo
authors.forename: Décio
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salvadori
authors.forename: Ricardo A F
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Salvadori
authors.forename: Luciandro P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Sodré
authors.forename: Glenda N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Elaine A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: de Camargo
authors.forename: Lúcia R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Daisy Maria Fávero
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Salvadori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000235:genetics; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1
chemical_list: D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; C000619371:XRCC1 protein, human; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1