title: Phase II study of radiation therapy combined with weekly low-dose gemcitabine for locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Through a phase I study with a fixed radiation dose of 54 Gy and escalating doses of weekly gemcitabine, we established a recommended dose of gemcitabine at 250 mg/m in combination with radiation therapy for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this phase-II study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the regimen which was established in the phase I study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all patients with unresectable stage III and limited stage IV pancreatic cancer with no distant metastasis except for para-aortic lymph node involvement at a level as low as the left renal vein, a total dose of 54 Gy was delivered in 30 fractions of 1.8 Gy/d. Gemcitabine was given weekly at a dose of 250 mg/m.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between December 2002 and March 2006, 22 patients were enrolled in this study and one withdrew after enrollment. Twenty of 21 patients (95%) completed the protocol therapy. Radiologic partial response was observed in 6 and stable disease was noted in 15. Normalization of the tumor marker (CA19-9) occurred in 61% of patients. The 1-year survival rate was 74% and the median survival time was 16.6 months. The major toxicity was leucopenia; grade 3 in 14 (67%), anorexia grade 3 in 2 (9.5%), and grade 3 gastric ulcer in 2 (10%) in National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 (NCI-CTCAE v3.0). Neither grade 4 nor 5 was recognized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with gemcitabine combined with radiation therapy according to the present schedule is well tolerated and can provide prolonged survival in patients with localized, unresectable pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. kei@kuhp.kyoto-u
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: Natsuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oya
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Ryuichiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yukinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Michihide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012449:Safety; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine