title: Nephrotoxic potential and toxicokinetics of tetrabromobisphenol A in rat for risk assessment.
abstract: Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), one of the most widely used global brominated flame retardants, is used to improve fire safety of laminates in electrical and electronic equipment. To investigate the nephrotoxic potential of TBBPA and its toxicokinetic profile in rats, single-dose and daily 14-d repeated-dose toxicity studies at 200, 500, or 1000 mg/kg were performed. Several biochemical parameters were analyzed to evaluate nephrotoxicity of TBBPA. High-dose 1000 mg/kg TBBPA significantly elevated renal thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased at all 3 doses administered. This was associated with no change in the activity of catalase (CAT). Our results suggest that acute 1-d high-dose administration of TBBPA produced transient renal changes at 5 h. Subsequently, TBBPA in serum, urine, and kidney was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC/MS). Toxicokinetic studies indicated that TBBPA shows relatively a short half-life (7-9 h) and was eliminated almost completely in feces by 2 d. Based on the results from the 14-d repeated-dose study, TBBPA did not accumulate in the rat, and was eliminated in feces. The present results suggested that TBBPA may not be toxic to kidney, as the chemical is not bioavailable and is not present in renal tissue.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Ju Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jae Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sang Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyung Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Nam Deuk
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Geon Wook
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hye Gwang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Wonku
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Young Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Tae Cheon
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D006207:Half-Life; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; C020806:tetrabromobisphenol A