title: The inflammation-based modified Glasgow Prognostic Score in patients with vulvar cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prognostic potential of the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), known to reflect the degree of tumor-associated inflammation and cachexia, in patients with vulvar cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 93 consecutive patients with vulvar cancer into our study. As previously published, the pre-therapeutic mGPS was calculated as follows: patients with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels (>10 mg/L) and hypoalbuminaemia (<35 g/L) were allocated a score of 2, patients with elevated CRP serum levels without hypoalbuminaemia were allocated a score of 1, patients with normal CRP serum levels with or without hypoalbuminaemia were allocated a score of 0. The mGPS was correlated with clinico-pathological parameters. The association between mGPS and prognosis was evaluated by univariate and multivariate survival analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (SD) pretreatment CRP and albumin serum levels were 9.5 (9.6) mg/L and 41.4 (5.3) g/L, respectively. mGPS was associated with tumor stage (p=0.01), but not with lymph node involvement (p=0.4), histological grade (p=0.8), and patients' age (p=0.7). In univariate analyses, mGPS (p=0.006, p=0.001), tumor stage (p<0.001, p<0.001), lymph node involvement (p<0.001, p<0.001), and patients' age (p=0.04, p=0.007), but not histological grade (p=0.1, p=0.3) and year of surgery (1995-2001 vs. 2002-2008, p=0.7, p=0.3) were associated with disease-free and overall survival, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, tumor stage (p=0.01, p=0.02) and lymph node involvement (p<0.001, p=0.001), but not mGPS (p=0.7, p=0.8), patients' age (p=0.6, p=0.4), histological grade (p=0.2, p=0.1), and year of surgery (p=0.4, p=0.8) were associated with disease-free and overall survival, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite being associated with prognosis in a univariate analysis, mGPS cannot be used as an independent inflammation-based predictor for survival in patients with vulvar cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hefler-Frischmuth
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Seebacher
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Polterauer
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tempfer
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reinthaller
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hefler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002100:Cachexia / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012709:Serum Albumin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein