title: Antibacterial activity of root canal filling materials for primary teeth: zinc oxide and eugenol cement, Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide, Sealapex and EndoREZ.
abstract: This study evaluated in vitro the antibacterial activity of 4 root canal filling materials for primary teeth - zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE), Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide (Calen/ZO), Sealapex sealer and EndoREZ sealer - against 5 bacterial strains commonly found in endodontic infections (Kocuria rhizophila, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) using the agar diffusion test (agar-well technique). Calen paste, 1% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and distilled water served as controls. Seven wells per dish were made at equidistant points and immediately filled with the test and control materials. After incubation of the plates at 37 degrees C for 24 h, the diameter of the zones of bacterial growth inhibition produced around the wells was measured (in mm) with a digital caliper under reflected light. Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test (alpha=0.05). There were statistically significant differences (p<0.0001) among the zones of bacterial growth inhibition produced by the different materials against all target microorganisms. K. rhizophila was inhibited more effectively (p<0.05) by ZOE, while Calen/ZO had its highest antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (p<0.05). S. mutans was inhibited by Calen/ZO, Sealapex and ZOE in the same intensity (p>0.05). E. coli was inhibited more effectively (p<0.05) by ZOE, followed by Calen/ZO and Sealapex. Calen/ZO and ZOE were equally effective (p>0.05) against S. aureus, while Sealapex had the lowest antibacterial efficacy (p<0.05) against this microorganism. EndoREZ presented antibacterial activity only against K. rhizophila and S. aureus. The Calen paste and Calen/ZO produced larger zones of inhibition than 1% CHX when the marker microorganism was E faecalis. In conclusion, the in vitro antibacterial activity of the 4 root canal filling materials for primary teeth against bacterial strains commonly found in endodontic infections can be presented in a decreasing order of efficacy as follows: ZOE>Calen/ZO>Sealapex>EndoREZ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Clinic, Preventive and Community Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. amqueiroz@forp.usp.br
authors.forename: Alexandra Mussolino de
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nelson-Filho
authors.forename: Léa Assed Bezerra da
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Sada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Assed
authors.forename: Raquel Assed Bezerra da
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Izabel Yoko
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D006095:Gram-Positive Cocci / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D004338:Drug Combinations; C481259:EndoRez; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012459:Salicylates; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C420643:calen; C055601:Sealapex; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D015034:Zinc Oxide