title: Basal release of ATP: an autocrine-paracrine mechanism for cell regulation.
abstract: Cells release adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which activates plasma membrane-localized P2X and P2Y receptors and thereby modulates cellular function in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Release of ATP and the subsequent activation of P2 receptors help establish the basal level of activation (sometimes termed "the set point") for signal transduction pathways and regulate a wide array of responses that include tissue blood flow, ion transport, cell volume regulation, neuronal signaling, and host-pathogen interactions. Basal release and autocrine or paracrine responses to ATP are multifunctional, evolutionarily conserved, and provide an economical means for the modulation of cell, tissue, and organismal biology.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corriden
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Insel
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D019898:Autocrine Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D001692:Biological Transport; D048429:Cell Size; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000502:physiology*; D058469:Receptors, Purinergic P2X; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12
chemical_list: C548576:P2RY12 protein, human; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058469:Receptors, Purinergic P2X; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate