title: Premedication with clonidine is superior to benzodiazepines. A meta analysis of published studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Premedication is considered important in pediatric anesthesia. Benzodiazepines are the most commonly used premedication agents. Clonidine, an alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist, is gaining popularity among anesthesiologists. The goal of the present study was to perform a meta-analysis of studies comparing premedication with clonidine to Benzodiazepines.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials focusing on the comparison of clonidine and Benzodiazepines for premedication in children. Six reviewers independently assessed each study to meet the inclusion criteria and extracted data. Original data from each trial were combined to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) or the mean differences (MD), 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] and statistical heterogeneity were accessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten publications fulfilling the inclusion criteria were found. Premedication with clonidine, in comparison with midazolam, exhibited a superior effect on sedation at induction (OR=0.49 [0.27, 0.89]), decreased the incidence of emergence agitation (OR=0.25 [0.11, 0.58]) and produced a more effective early post-operative analgesia (OR=0.33 [0.21, 0.58]). Compared with diazepam, clonidine was superior in preventing post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Premedication with clonidine is superior to midazolam in producing sedation, decreasing post-operative pain and emergence agitation. However, the superiority of clonidine for PONV prevention remains unclear while other factors such as nausea prevention might interfere with this result.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Robert Debre University Hospital, Paris, France. souhayl.dahmani@rdb.aphp.fr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dahmani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brasher
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stany
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golmard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skhiri
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bruneau
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nivoche
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Constant
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Murat
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003000:Clonidine; D003422:Critical Care; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology; D011292:Premedication; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000453:epidemiology; D017594:Publication Bias; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003000:Clonidine; D008874:Midazolam