Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese junior high school students: its prevalence and relationship to lifestyle habits.
BACKGROUND
Despite the increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Japanese adults, its prevalence in adolescents remains unclear. This prompted us to evaluate the incidence and clinical characteristics of NAFLD among junior high school students.


METHODS
A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among students in a single junior high school in Nagano prefecture. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gammaGT) measurements and abdominal ultrasonography were performed in 249 and 288 students in 2004 and 2007, respectively. In the latter survey, student lifestyle habits were also assessed, using questionnaires.


RESULTS
The prevalence of NAFLD was 4.4% and 4.5% in 2004 and 2007, respectively, which was lower than that of obesity (10.0% and 5.9%). Body mass index and ALT and gammaGT levels increased significantly with hepatic steatosis severity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of obesity and an ALT level of 30 U/L or more were independent predictors of NAFLD (odds ratio 16.9, P<0.001 and odds ratio 16.6, P=0.001, respectively). The ratios of students commuting to and from school by car and not doing sports outside of school were higher in NAFLD students compared with non-NAFLD ones. Such tendencies were observed independently of the presence of obesity. Additionally, one obese student with severe steatosis and liver dysfunction was diagnosed as having nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).


CONCLUSIONS
Approximately 4% of junior high school students had NAFLD that was primarily associated with obesity and reduced daily physical activity. Serum ALT measurement during school check-ups is recommended for the early detection of young adolescent NAFLD/NASH.
Tsuruta
Goro
G
Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
Tanaka
Naoki
N
Hongo
Minoru
M
Komatsu
Michiharu
M
Horiuchi
Akira
A
Hamamoto
Kaeko
K
Iguchi
Chieko
C
Nakayama
Yoshiko
Y
Umemura
Takeji
T
Ichijo
Tetsuya
T
Matsumoto
Akihiro
A
Yoshizawa
Kaname
K
Aoyama
Toshifumi
T
Tanaka
Eiji
E
D000293:Adolescent; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D000410:Alanine Transaminase