title: The effect of student gender on the obstetrics and gynecology clerkship experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effects of the students' gender on their perception of quality and quantity of teaching, the amount of experiential learning, and their interest in obstetrics and gynecology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anonymous, self-administered surveys to third-year medical students rotating on the obstetrics and gynecology clerkship.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-one of 91 students participated (89% response rate): 33 men, 46 women, 2 declined to reveal their gender. No significant gender differences existed regarding number of interactions with residents and faculty; number of deliveries, surgeries, or examinations performed; perceived quality of teaching; or feeling included as part of the clinical team. Male students were more likely to report performing specific surgical procedures, such as operating the bovie cautery during gynecological surgeries (p = 0.005). More men experienced patients refusing to allow them to participate in the clinical interview (p < 0.0001) and physical examination (p < 0.0001). Male students were also more likely to report feeling that their gender negatively impacted their clerkship experience (p < 0.0001). Although less likely to report preclerkship and postclerkship career interest in obstetrics and gynecology, male students were more likely to report that their interest increased at the end of the clerkship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Male students were more likely to experience gender bias from patients on the obstetrics and gynecology service. Male students also described feeling socially excluded from female-dominated clinical teams. Obstetrics and gynecology educators need to consider methods of encouraging patients to accept medical student participation regardless of gender. Obstetrics and gynecology faculty and residents need to be sensitive to subtle forms of gender bias and ensure equal inclusion for both male and female medical students.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. jchang@mail.magee.edu
authors.forename: Judy C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Michele R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Odrobina
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McIntyre-Seltman
mesh_terms: D002321:Career Choice; D002982:Clinical Clerkship; D005260:Female; D006176:Gynecology / Q000193:education* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000193:education* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D010348:Patient Care Team; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011287:Prejudice; D012737:Sex Factors; D012744:Sex Ratio; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016312:Treatment Refusal