title: Evaluation of enzyme mixtures in releasing fermentable sugars from pre-pulping extracts of mixed northeast hardwoods.
abstract: One near-term option to developing a forest product biorefinery is to derive pre-pulping extract from incoming wood chips before the main pulping step. The release of monomer sugars from a xylan-rich extract, creating a fermentable substrate is a prerequisite for utilization of pre-pulping extract for production of ethanol or other value-added products. This study examined the individual and mixture efficiencies of two hemicellulolytic microbial enzymes and two xylanase preparations in catalyzing degradation of green liquor (GL) and hot water (HW) pre-pulping extracts. The effects of four commercial enzyme preparations were determined by assessing yields of xylose + galactose + mannose (xmg) obtained under different reaction conditions. Of the individual enzyme preparations tested, a sample NS 50012 was superior to the other enzyme preparations in releasing xmg under conditions optimized for separate hydrolysis and fermentation and for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. In comparison to pre-pulping extracts treated with HW, extract treated with GL was found to inhibit the action of all tested enzymes. This inhibition may be related to higher salt and lignin phenol in the GL extract. On both types of extracts, the mixture constituted by NS 50012 and NS 50030 provided the highest yield of hemicellulose conversion at 55 degrees C and pH 5.5. The generated digestibility thus signified that the synergistic effectiveness in xylan + galactan + mannan (XMG) hydrolysis between NS 50012 (from Aspergillus aculeatus) and NS 50030 (from Aspergillus oryzae) is the result of an interaction mechanism involving different XMG-degrading enzyme activities in the two enzyme preparations.
authors.affiliation: Forest Bioproducts Research Initiative, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
authors.forename: Byung-Hwan
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Um
authors.forename: G Peter
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: van Walsum
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000201:enzymology; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D004736:Energy-Generating Resources; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014990:Xylans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D004798:Enzymes; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D014990:Xylans