title: Cephalometric calcified carotid artery atheromas in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the progress of atherosclerosis, the carotid artery calcifies and sometimes appears as a calcified mass on a cephalometric radiograph.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of calcification in cephalometric radiographs of OSA patients and to identify the differences between subjects with and without carotid artery calcification.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,520 X-rays were evaluated. Data for group A, 508 traditional X-rays, were collected from the UBC Sleep Apnea Dental Clinic and data for group B, 1,012 digital X-rays, were obtained from the Tsuda Hospital in Japan. Subjects were divided into two groups according to whether or not calcification was present in the carotid artery area and the characteristic differences between these two groups were analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Group A had 34 (6.7%) subjects who exhibited calcification in the carotid arterial area, while group B had 96 (9.5%) subjects who revealed calcification. Group A calcification subjects had a significantly lower body mass index (BMI) than subjects who had no calcification (26.9 ± 3.2 vs. 29.7 ± 5.6, p<0.01). Group B calcification subjects were older than subjects who had no calcification (57.6 ± 12.6 vs. 49.8 ± 14.5, p<0.000). Previous reports have found the prevalence of calcification on X-rays of OSA patients to be higher than the prevalence of calcification found in the general population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the presence of a calcified mass on a cephalometric radiograph is not diagnostic of atherosclerosis, this information might help to aid in screening for the condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada. tsuda@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Fernanda R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moritsuchi
authors.forename: Alan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001955:British Columbia; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002508:Cephalometry; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017090:Occlusal Splints; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy