title: Safety and efficacy results of the advanced renal cell carcinoma sorafenib expanded access program in North America.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Sorafenib (ARCCS) program made sorafenib available to patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) before regulatory approval.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this nonrandomized, open-label expanded access program, 2504 patients from the United States and Canada were treated with oral sorafenib 400 mg twice daily. Safety and efficacy were explored overall and in subgroups of patients including those with no prior therapy, nonclear cell (nonclear cell) RCC, brain metastases, prior bevacizumab treatment, and elderly patients. Sorafenib was approved for RCC 6 months after study initiation, at which time patients with no prior therapy or with nonclear cell RCC could enroll in an extension protocol for continued assessment for a period of 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common grade > or =2 drug-related adverse events were hand-foot skin reaction (18%), rash (14%), hypertension (12%), and fatigue (11%). In the 1891 patients evaluable for response, complete response was observed in 1 patient, partial response in 67 patients (4%), and stable disease for at least 8 weeks in 1511 patients (80%). Median progression-free survival in the extension population was 36 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 33-45 weeks; censorship rate, 56%); median overall survival in the entire population was 50 weeks (95% CI, 46-52 weeks; censorship rate, 63%). The efficacy and safety results were similar across the subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sorafenib 400 mg twice daily demonstrated activity and a clinically acceptable toxicity profile in all patient subsets enrolled in the ARCCS expanded access program (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00111020).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Walter M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Figlin
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Janice P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dutcher
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.forename: Wilson H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hainsworth
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hajdenberg
authors.forename: Tamila L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Kindwall-Keller
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ernstoff
authors.forename: Harry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Drabkin
authors.forename: Brendan D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Curti
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Sebastien J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hotte
authors.forename: Chenghua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cupit
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bukowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D057176:Compassionate Use Trials; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D009656:North America; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077157:Sorafenib
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib