title: TNF-alpha upregulates expression of BMP-2 and BMP-3 genes in the rat dental follicle--implications for tooth eruption.
abstract: The dental follicle appears to regulate both the alveolar bone resorption and bone formation needed for tooth eruption. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression is maximally upregulated at postnatal day 9 in the rat dental follicle of the first mandibular molar, a time that correlates with rapid bone growth at the base of the tooth crypt, as well as a minor burst of osteoclastogenesis. TNF-alpha expression is correlated with the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), a molecule expressed in the dental follicle that can promote bone formation. Because BMP-2 signaling may be augmented by bone morphogenetic protein-3 (BMP-3), our objective in this study was to determine if the dental follicle expresses BMP-3 and if TNF-alpha stimulates the dental follicle cells to express BMP-2 and BMP-3. Dental follicles were collected from different postnatal ages of rat pups. Dental follicle cells were incubated with TNF-alpha to study its dosage and time-course effects on gene expression of BMP-2 and BMP-3, as determined by real-time RT-PCR. Next, immunostaining was conducted to confirm if the protein was synthesized and ELISA of the conditioned medium was conducted to determine if BMP-2 was secreted. We found that BMP-3 expression is correlated with the expression of TNF-alpha in the dental follicle and TNF-alpha significantly increased BMP-2 and BMP-3 expression in vitro. Immunostaining and ELISA showed that BMP-2 and BMP-3 were synthesized and secreted. This study suggests that TNF-alpha can upregulate the expression of bone formation genes that may be needed for tooth eruption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Shaomian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prpic
authors.forename: Fenghui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Gary E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Wise
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000235:genetics; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D055398:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000235:genetics; D003795:Dental Sac / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014078:Tooth Eruption / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; C525759:Bmp3 protein, rat; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055398:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha