title: Pharmacokinetics of humanized monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} antibody and its neonatal Fc receptor variants in mice and cynomolgus monkeys.
abstract: The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis of IgG antibodies. Recent studies have shown that the FcRn-IgG interaction can be modulated to alter the pharmacokinetics of the antibody. This has been achieved by altering amino acid residues in the FcRn-binding domain of the antibody, resulting in a change in the pH-dependent binding affinity of the antibody to FcRn. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the pH-dependent FcRn binding affinity on the pharmacokinetics of the antibody with changes in the Asn434 residue. Two anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody (mAb) FcRn variants (N434A and N434H) were engineered, and pharmacokinetic studies of the two FcRn variants together with the wild type (WT) were conducted in mice and cynomolgus monkeys. N434A, which had binding properties to murine FcRn similar to those of the WT, had the same pharmacokinetic profile as the WT in mice. N434H, with the highest binding affinity to murine FcRn at pH 7.4, had a faster clearance (16.1 ml/day/kg) and a lower bioavailability (61.3%) compared with the WT (5.07 ml/day/kg, 73.2%) and N434A (5.90 ml/day/kg, 72.4%) in mice. N434A and N434H, which had higher binding affinity at pH 6.0 to monkey FcRn with comparable affinity at pH 7.4, had significantly higher areas under the serum concentration-time curve from time 0 to day 7 than the WT (749 +/- 71.9 and 819 +/- 81.5 versus 592 +/- 56.8 microg/ml . day) in monkeys. Thus, increasing the binding affinity of mAbs to FcRn at pH 6.0 while keeping a low binding affinity at pH 7.4 improves the pharmacokinetics of these molecules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. deng.rong@gene.com
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Kelly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Loyet
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.forename: Suhasini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: DeForge
authors.forename: Frank-Peter
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Theil
authors.forename: Henry B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Lowman
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fielder
authors.forename: Saileta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prabhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D011961:Receptors, Fc; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha