title: Transfer of the beta-tubulin gene of Botrytis cinerea with resistance to carbendazim into Fusarium graminearum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resistance to carbendazim and other benzimidazole fungicides in Botrytis cinerea (Pers. ex Fr.) and most other fungi is usually conferred by mutation(s) in a single chromosomal beta-tubulin gene, often with several allelic mutations. In Fusarium graminearum Schwade, however, carbendazim resistance is not associated with a mutation in the corresponding beta-tubulin gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The beta-tubulin gene conferring carbendazim resistance in B. cinerea was cloned and connected with two homologous arms of the beta-tubulin gene of F. graminearum by using a double-joint polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This fragment was transferred into F. graminearum via homologous double crossover at the site where the beta-tubulin gene of F. graminearum is normally located (the beta-tubulin gene of F. graminearum had been deleted). The transformants were confirmed and tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The beta-tubulin gene conferring carbendazim resistance in B. cinerea could not express this resistance in F. graminearum, as transformants were still very sensitive to carbendazim.
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jun-Jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chang-Jun
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian-Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming-Guo
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000633:toxicity*; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000235:genetics*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D017354:Point Mutation; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002219:Carbamates; D014404:Tubulin; C006698:carbendazim