title: Lupus anticoagulant in human immunodeficiency virus -infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lupus anticoagulant (LA) is a heterogeneous group of antibodies that causes a variety of clinical and laboratory effects; has been described in infections such as human immunodeficiency virus. LA has not been previously described in Nigerians with human immunodeficiency virus infection on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of LA in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus on HAART.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional study of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection undergoing HAART at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Screening for LA was done using the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and kaolin clotting time (KCT). Mixing experiments were conducted on samples with prolonged clotting time. KCT ratio was calculated. A positive result was taken as KCT ratio greater than or equal to 1.2. Fisher's exact test was used to test the association between LA and sex. Association between aPTT and KCT was tested according to Pearson. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-eight patients aged 18- 60 years were studied, comprising of 28 males (mean age 40.50 plus/minus 8.8 years) and 30 females (mean age 35.4 plus/minus 9.02). Frequency of LA among human immunodeficiency infected patients was 5.2%, (frequency in males and females were 3.6 and 6.7 % respectively). This was lower than 46% reported in patients not on HAART. There was no statistically significant difference in LA prevalence between males and females P greater than0.05. A positive correlation was observed between the clotting tests aPTT and KCT (r is equal to 0.9406, p less than 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HAART may prevent development of LA in HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Omolade A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Awodu
authors.forename: Edeghonghon E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Olayemi
authors.forename: Godwin N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Bazuaye
authors.forename: Abel N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Onunu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor