title: Diabetic myonecrosis in a patient with hepatic cirrhosis: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic myonecrosis was first reported by Angervall and Stener in 1965. In its classical clinical expression, it affects type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with long-standing poor metabolic control and advanced chronic microvascular complications. A sudden-onset of severe pain in the region of the involved muscle, usually the quadriceps, is the typical clinical manifestation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirms the clinical diagnosis; in some cases of diagnostic uncertainty, a muscle biopsy may be required.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the case of a 38 year-old Hispanic male from Mexico, with alcohol-induced hepatic cirrhosis (Child-Pugh C/MELD 45) and type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to the emergency room due to hepatic encephalopathy with intense pain and an increase in volume of the left thigh. MRI showed edema and inflammatory changes of the quadriceps muscle with a hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images; in addition, there was a subacute hematoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of diabetic myonecrosis associated with and complicated by advanced hepatic cirrhosis reported in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Division, Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez University Hospital, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, México.
authors.forename: Leonardo G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Mancillas-Adame
authors.forename: Jose G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: González-González
authors.forename: Joel O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Jáquez-Quintana
authors.forename: Myrna A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cardoza-Torres
authors.forename: Alberto de la Fuente
authors.initials: Ade L
authors.lastname: García