title: Low TNF-induced NF-kappaB and p38 phosphorylation levels in leucocytes in tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is a systemic autoinflammatory disorder caused by mutations in the type 1 TNF receptor (TNFRSF1A) gene. Because the pathomechanism of TRAPS may involve aberrant TNF-mediated intracellular signalling, we examined phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and p38 in response to TNF in 10 patients with three different TNFRSF1A mutations (C73R, C88Y and F112I).
  
  
  METHODS
  Phosphorylation levels of NF-kappaB p65 and p38 were determined in fresh leucocytes stimulated with TNF (0-100 ng/ml) for 2.5-20 min and permeabilized for phospho-specific antibodies in a whole blood flow cytometry assay. As control agonists, we used bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-gamma, the latter mediating phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. Areas under curve values for dose-response and time course of NF-kappaB and p38 phosphorylation were calculated for the comparison of patients and reference subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NF-kappaB and p38 phosphorylation levels of monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils stimulated with TNF were significantly lower in TRAPS patients than in reference subjects. Phosphorylation levels induced by LPS, or by IFN-gamma, in patient and reference samples were comparable, indicating that the defect was confined to TNF-mediated signalling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the three families studied, TRAPS was associated with low TNF-mediated signalling in leucocytes. This deficiency of the innate immune system may result in the activation of as yet unidentified compensatory regulatory mechanisms yielding the hyperinflammatory phenotype of TRAPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. susanna.stjernberg@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stjernberg-Salmela
authors.forename: Annamari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ranki
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karenko
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siitonen
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mustonen
authors.forename: Pauli
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puolakkainen
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarna
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Repo
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D010505:Familial Mediterranean Fever / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000235:genetics*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases