title: The efficacy of a brief internet-based self-help intervention for the bereaved.
abstract: Research so far has shown little evidence that written disclosure facilitates recovery from bereavement. There are good reasons to assume that written disclosure may only benefit those bereaved who are at risk for developing problems or who are experiencing significant psychological problems as a result of their loss, and only when appropriate writing instructions are used. Drawing on previous work in the area of post-traumatic stress, a writing intervention was designed to test these assumptions. Bereaved individuals, who were still significantly distressed by their loss, were randomly assigned to the intervention condition (N = 460) or a waiting-list control condition (N = 297). Both groups filled in questionnaires online at baseline, and 3 and 6 months later. The intervention was administered via e-mail immediately after baseline measurement. Results showed that writing decreased feelings of emotional loneliness and increased positive mood, in part through its effect on rumination. However, writing did not affect grief or depressive symptoms. Contrary to expectations, effects did not depend on participants' risk profile or baseline distress level. Implications of these findings are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Statistics Netherlands, 6401 CZ Heerlen, The Netherlands. hk.vanderhouwen@cbs.nl
authors.forename: Karolijne
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van der Houwen
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schut
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van den Bout
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stroebe
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stroebe
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001601:Bereavement; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014956:Writing; D055815:Young Adult