title: Antibiograms and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reactions (RAPD-PCR) as epidemiological markers of gonorrhea.
abstract: The development of antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae arising from wide dissemination of resistant clones is a major global health problem. In this study, a total of 235 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from patients of Bangrak Hospital were tested for their antibiotic susceptibilities to penicillin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, spectinomycin, and ceftriaxone. Mutation (Ser-91) in the quinolone resistance determining regions of gyrA and random amplification of the polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) were examined from 145 isolates. Among these, 55 isolates were obtained during January-March 2000, 46 isolates during January-March 2002, and 44 isolates during October-December 2002. The occurrence of combination resistance between penicillin and quinolone was 20% in January-March 2000, which was increased to 57.8% during the period of October-December 2002 (P<0.0001). Mutation of Ser-91 in gyrA could be directly linked with the resistance or declining of susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Using RAPD-PCR, we could classify the 145 isolates into 4 and 5 groups by primers D11344 (5'-AGTGAATTCGCGGTGAGATGCCA-3') and D8635 (5'-GAGCGGCCAAAGGGAGCA GAC-3'), respectively. Combination of the data obtained from these two primers produced 11 fingerprint groups. Our findings conclude that monitoring of the Ser-91 mutation of gyrA and RAPD-PCR methods are most useful for epidemiological screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ratana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lawung
authors.forename: Angkana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charoenwatanachokchai
authors.forename: Rungrot
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cherdtrakulkiat
authors.forename: Sivarak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thammapiwan
authors.forename: Tharinda
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mungniponpan
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bülow
authors.forename: Virapong
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prachayasittikul
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology / Q000379:methods*; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique / Q000379:methods*; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D027081:DNA Gyrase