title: The use of botulinum toxin type A in urological procedures.
abstract: Botox is a sterile, vacuum-dried, purified BoNT-A produced from fermentation of Clostridium botulinum. There is an abundance of literature to support the use of Botox in urology, and its off-label use continues to grow. While there are no FDA-approved clinical indications, there are ongoing phase II and III studies to approve Botox for use in some urological conditions. This article will explore the use of Botox in urology and provide a brief review of the literature supporting its use.
authors.affiliation: Urology Associates, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lajiness
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D056687:Off-Label Use; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000451:nursing; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000451:nursing; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000451:nursing
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A