title: Impact of adopting low sodium diet on biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A low sodium diet is an established intervention in the treatment of impaired renal function and hypertension which may modulate cardiovascular risk independent of recognised antihypertensive effects. Epidemiological data suggest that dietary sodium intake may be associated with systemic inflammation: another potential pathophysiological mechanism by which sodium intake may modify vascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested the hypothesis that adopting a low sodium diet may decrease biomarkers of systemic inflammation or coagulation using data from a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Participants (n=171; aged 18-65 years) in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a low sodium diet for 6 weeks provided paired serum samples for analysis to assess the impact of adopting a low sodium diet on biomarkers of systemic inflammation and coagulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference in 24-hour sodium urinary excretion between the low sodium intake and the normal sodium intake groups of 43 mmol (p<0.001). In the primary analysis there was no effect of adopting a low sodium diet on serum D-dimers, but high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was reduced by 1.13 mg/L (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.03 to 2.22). However, after elimination of outlying high values for baseline serum hsCRP (>10 mg/L), this effect was attenuated (-0.47 mg/L; 95% CI, -1.25 to 0.31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using data from a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial in asthma with objective confirmation of adherence to the low sodium diet, we report that adopting a low sodium diet for 6 weeks has no effect on measures of systemic inflammation or coagulation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK. doug.forrester@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Doug L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Zara
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pogson
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antoniak
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pacey
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Purcell
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Fogarty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein