title: The effect of intraoperative specimen inking on lumpectomy re-excision rates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lumpectomy re-excision to obtain negative margins is common. We compare the effect of two specimen orientation approaches on lumpectomy re-excision rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women undergoing lumpectomy for breast cancer by a single surgeon between 03/2007 - 02/2009 were included. Lumpectomies underwent standard inking (SI) after surgery by a pathologist from 03/2007-02/2008 while intraoperative inking (II) with direct surgeon input was done from 03/2008-02/2009. Rates of margin positivity and re-excision were compared between these methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  65 patients were evaluated, reflecting SI in 39 and II in 26 cases. Margin positivity rates of 46% [SI] vs. 23% [II] (p = 0.06) and re-excision rates of 38% [SI] vs. 19% [II] were observed. Residual disease at re-excision was found in 27% [SI] vs. 67% [II] of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative inking in this practice offered a simple way to reduce re-excision rates after lumpectomy and affect an improvement in quality of patient care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Mansher
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Gayatri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Kevin T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Kristen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.forename: Anneke T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Schroen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007281:Ink; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome