Erlotinib.
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in a multiplicity of cancer-related signal transduction pathways like cellular proliferation, adhesion, migration, neoangiogenesis, and apoptosis inhibition, all of them important features of cancerogenesis and tumour progression. Its tyrosine kinase activity plays a central role in mediating these processes and has been intensely studied to exploit it as a therapeutic target. Inhibitors of this pathway have been developed and assessed in trials with significant efficacy in clinical applications. The current review focuses in particular on the clinical data of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition in different tumour entities, preferably non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic cancer with emphasis on the approved small molecule erlotinib. Its clinical applications, evidence-based efficacy, and toxicity as well as predictive markers of response are discussed.
Steins
M
M
Clinic for Thoracic Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Amalienstrasse 5, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany. martin.steins@thoraxklinik-heidelberg.de
Thomas
M
M
Geissler
M
M
D000818:Animals; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D066246:ErbB Receptors