title: Prevalence of vision impairment in older adults in rural China: the China Nine-Province Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Describe the prevalence of visual impairment/blindness among older adults in rural populations in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 45 747 adults > or =50 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Geographically defined cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting a cross-section of residents from a representative rural county within each of 9 provinces in mainland China. Participants were enumerated through village registers followed by door-to-door household visits. Eligible persons were invited to local examination sites for visual acuity (VA) testing and eye examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presenting and best-corrected distance VA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 50 395 enumerated eligible persons, 45 747 (90.8%) were examined and tested for VA. The prevalence of presenting visual impairment <20/63 to > or =20/400 in the better eye was 10.8% and blindness (<20/400) was 2.29%. Across the 9 provinces, presenting visual impairment ranged from 6.89% to 15.8%, and blindness from 1.27% to 5.40%. With best-corrected VA, the prevalence of visual impairment was 5.30%, and 1.93% for blindness. The ranges across the 9 provinces were 3.13% to 9.51% for visual impairment and 0.74% to 4.95% for blindness. Visual impairment and blindness were associated with older age, female gender, lack of education, and geographic area (province) with both presenting and best-corrected VA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visual impairment and blindness are important public health problems in rural China, with significant regional variations in prevalence. Blindness prevention programs targeting the rural elderly should be expanded, particularly in areas with limited access and affordability of eye care services. Special emphasis should be given to reaching women and those without education. Greater attention should also be given to correction of refractive error.
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China. zhaojialiang@medmail.com.cn
authors.forename: Jialiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Leon B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Ellwein
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Huaijin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Xianzhi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jinglin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Zheng Qin
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Yuansheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001766:Blindness / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015354:Vision, Low / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*