title: A functional neuropeptide system in vertebrate gonads: Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone and its receptor in testes of field-caught house sparrow (Passer domesticus).
abstract: Previously, the expression and action of GnIH (Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone) has been characterized in the hypothalamus and pituitary, respectively. The action of this neurohormone is to inhibit the synthesis and secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. Several hormone systems identified in the vertebrate brain and classified as neurohormones are synthesized in and have a localized action on the gonads as well. Here we present several lines of evidence for the expression and action of GnIH and its receptor (GnIHR) in the testis of house sparrow (Passer domesticus). EXPRESSION: Transcripts for GnIH and GnIHR isolated from house sparrow testis were initially identified by PCR, then sequenced and found to be homologous to transcripts from European starling (96% to GnIH, 98% to GnIHR), Gambel's white-crowned sparrow (94% to GnIH) and Japanese quail (90% to GnIHR) brains. Further investigation using in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of GnIH precursor mRNA in the interstitium of the testis and GnIHR mRNA in the interstitium and on spermatocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of this system on the secretion of testosterone by the testis was investigated using gonadal culture. Testosterone secretion was significantly decreased by 1 microM and 10 microM GnIH in gonadotropin-stimulated testis cultures. In summary, these results indicate the GnIH/GnIHR system is expressed in the testis of house sparrows and its function is to reduce gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone production.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA. nicolette@berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Nicolette L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Bentley
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D046370:Sparrows / Q000378:metabolism*; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones; D009479:Neuropeptides; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D013739:Testosterone