Common medications that increase the risk for developing community-acquired pneumonia.
OBJECTIVE
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common problem with significant morbidity, mortality and costs. Recent reports link several medications and the development of CAP and associated poor outcomes. Our aim was to review the most relevant data regarding the possible association of the use of inhaled corticosteroids for patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and the risk of development of CAP. In addition, we review the data regarding the use of gastric-acid suppressants including histamine-2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors and the increased incidence of CAP.


RESULTS
Several studies suggest inhaled corticosteroids use is associated with higher risk of CAP. In addition, the use of gastric-acid suppressants have been demonstrated to be associated with an increased risk of developing CAP.


CONCLUSIONS
We explore the potential risks, pathogenesis and implications for the healthcare system of these potential associations with the use of ICS and proton pump inhibitors and increased risk of CAP.
Restrepo
Marcos I
MI
VERDICT, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System ALMD, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA. restrepom@uthscsa.edu
Mortensen
Eric M
EM
Anzueto
Antonio
A
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012306:Risk
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors