title: The relationship between anxiety disorders and substance use among adolescents in the community: specificity and gender differences.
abstract: Using a sample of 781 adolescents (ages 13-17, 52.8% male) from a community survey, this study examined gender differences in the co-occurrence of specific anxiety disorders with substance use in adolescents. The associations between anxiety disorders and substance use differed according to the particular anxiety disorders and forms of substance use being examined, as well as by gender. Social phobia was associated with cigarette smoking among boys only. For girls, social phobia appeared to be negatively associated with drug use. For the other anxiety disorders, the associations with substance use tended to be stronger among girls. These findings highlight the need to improve clinical recognition of the anxiety disorders and to improve treatment access for afflicted adolescents. Future studies based on longitudinal data could further elucidate the relationships among anxiety disorders, gender, and substance use.
authors.affiliation: Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. wup@childpsych.columbia.edu
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Renee D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: Cordelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Comer
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Christina W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hoven
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001010:Anxiety, Separation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs