title: Tension band wiring for olecranon fractures: relative stability of Kirschner wires in various configurations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess clinical and functional outcomes as well as the relative stability of various configurations of tension band wiring approaches for treating olecranon fractures, a retrospective cohort study was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven consecutive adult patients with 78 olecranon fractures were treated using tension band wiring techniques in three different configurations. The configurations differed in the location of the ends of Kirschner wires with the following locations being used: in the proximal ulnar canal, through the anterior ulnar cortex, and in the distal ulnar canal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on average follow-up of 2.76 years (range, 1.1-5.5 years), all three techniques achieved high union rates and low complication rates. However, the Kirschner wires in the first technique allowed proximal pin migration with elbow irritation as compared with the second and the third techniques (p = 0.001, 0.03, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placement of the ends of Kirschner wires in the proximal ulnar canal should be avoided whenever possible. Because placement of the ends of Kirschner wires through the anterior ulnar cortex may produce serious complications as reported in medical literature, placement of the ends of Kirschner wires in the distal ulnar canal may be the most effective approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsan-Wen
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chi-Chuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Kuo-Feng
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: I-Chuan
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Po-Cheng
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ying-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001864:Bone Wires / Q000009:adverse effects; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056740:Olecranon Process / Q000293:injuries*; D014458:Ulna Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult