title: Wisconsin card sorting test and brain perfusion imaging in early dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The presence of frontal or executive deficits in patients even at early stages of dementia is now widely recognized. We investigated the relationship between the scores of the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) and brain perfusion in patients with early dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 77 subjects participated in this study. They underwent the WCST and brain single photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc-ethylcisteinate dimer. We analyzed the data using a regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) quantification software program, 3DSRT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of categories achieved (CA) scores of the WCST had a weakly positive correlation with regional cerebral blood flow in the bilateral precentral, bilateral callosomarginal, bilateral pericallosal, right thalamus, left central and left parietal segments. The number of perseverative errors of the Nelson type (PEN) scores had a weakly negative correlation with rCBF in the right thalamus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results in this study suggest that CA scores mainly reflect the function of the precentral segments, especially the left side, and that PEN scores correlate with rCBF in the right thalamus. The results suggest that CA scores and PEN scores should be differentially estimated in the WCST.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Seishi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Gosuke
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Shigetoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004493:Education; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon