title: The impact of multiple malignancies on patients with bladder carcinoma: a population-based study using the SEER database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To date, no study has examined a population-based registry to determine the impact of multiple malignancies on survival of bladder cancer patients. Our experience suggests that bladder cancer patients with multiple malignancies may have relatively positive outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utilized data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEERs) database to examine survival between patients with only bladder cancer (BO) and with bladder cancer and additional cancer(s) antecedent (AB), subsequent (BS), or antecedent and subsequent to bladder cancer (ABS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses demonstrated diminished survival among AB and ABS cohorts. However, when cohorts were substratified by stage, patients in the high-stage BS cohort appeared to have a survival advantage over high-stage BO patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bladder cancer patients with multiple malignancies have diminished survival. The survival advantage of high-stage BS patients is likely a statistical phenomenon. Such findings are important to shape future research and to improve our understanding of patients with multiple malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 900, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Casey K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Kauffman
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Scherr