title: Expression and prognostic values of Id-1 and Id-3 in gastric adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Id (inhibitor of differentiation/DNA binding)-1 and -3 are involved in neoangiogenesis; they antagonize basic helix-loop-helix proteins, inhibit differentiation, and enhance cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate Id-1 and -3 expression in gastric tumors and their clinical relevance in gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated Id-1 and Id-3 expression in gastric cancer samples by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, and further analyzed the relationship between expression of Id-1 and Id-3 and clinicopathologic characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of Id-1 and -3 was found significantly more often in gastric cancers than in matched adjacent nonmalignant tissues. Cancer samples with poor or moderate histologic differentiation showed significantly stronger Id-1 and -3 expression than cancer samples with high differentiation. In cancer samples, strong or moderate expression of Id-3, but not Id-1, was a strong independent predictor for shorter overall survival in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of Id-1 and -3 protein expression was associated with the malignant potential of gastric tumors. In cancer samples, stronger Id-1 and -3 expression is associated with poor differentiation and more aggressive behavior of tumor cells, resulting in poor clinical outcome. Consequently, Id-3 might be used to independently predict survival of patients with gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. Chin.
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hao-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gai-Yun
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Qing-Wen
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Lian-Dong
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Lian-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051796:Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C497453:ID1 protein, human; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D051796:Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C075640:ID3 protein, human