title: Oncogenic BRAF mutation with CDKN2A inactivation is characteristic of a subset of pediatric malignant astrocytomas.
abstract: Malignant astrocytomas are a deadly solid tumor in children. Limited understanding of their underlying genetic basis has contributed to modest progress in developing more effective therapies. In an effort to identify such alterations, we performed a genome-wide search for DNA copy number aberrations (CNA) in a panel of 33 tumors encompassing grade 1 through grade 4 tumors. Genomic amplifications of 10-fold or greater were restricted to grade 3 and 4 astrocytomas and included the MDM4 (1q32), PDGFRA (4q12), MET (7q21), CMYC (8q24), PVT1 (8q24), WNT5B (12p13), and IGF1R (15q26) genes. Homozygous deletions of CDKN2A (9p21), PTEN (10q26), and TP53 (17p3.1) were evident among grade 2 to 4 tumors. BRAF gene rearrangements that were indicated in three tumors prompted the discovery of KIAA1549-BRAF fusion transcripts expressed in 10 of 10 grade 1 astrocytomas and in none of the grade 2 to 4 tumors. In contrast, an oncogenic missense BRAF mutation (BRAF(V600E)) was detected in 7 of 31 grade 2 to 4 tumors but in none of the grade 1 tumors. BRAF(V600E) mutation seems to define a subset of malignant astrocytomas in children, in which there is frequent concomitant homozygous deletion of CDKN2A (five of seven cases). Taken together, these findings highlight BRAF as a frequent mutation target in pediatric astrocytomas, with distinct types of BRAF alteration occurring in grade 1 versus grade 2 to 4 tumors.
authors.affiliation: Divison of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schiffman
authors.forename: J Graeme
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: VandenBerg
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flaherty
authors.forename: Mei-Yin C
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Polley
authors.forename: Mamie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Rowitch
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Mitchel S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Hanlee
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Gutmann
authors.forename: C David
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000235:genetics*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018628:Gene Dosage; D020868:Gene Silencing; D019942:Genes, p16; D006801:Humans; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf