title: Resuscitation of severely asphyctic newborn pigs with cardiac arrest by using 21% or 100% oxygen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In spite of evidence suggesting that resuscitation with 100% O(2) is detrimental, international guidelines still recommend its use. Clinical studies comparing 21% and 100% O(2) included many infants with only mild and moderate asphyxia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the effect of these oxygen fractions on haemodynamic parameters, arterial blood gases, oxygen saturation indices and markers of inflammation and hypoxic damage when resuscitating asystolic newborn pigs following asphyxia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newborn swine (n = 32, age 12-36 h, weight 2.0-2.7 kg) were progressively asphyxiated until asystole occurred. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated with ventilation with either 21% (n = 16) or 100% O(2) (n = 16). Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was defined as a heart rate >or= 100 min(-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean time of hypoxia, pH, base excess and pCO(2) at asystole were comparable between the groups. All animals except 2 in the 100% group achieved ROSC. One animal in the 21% group suffered bradycardia at baseline and was excluded. For the remaining 15 animals resuscitated with 21% O(2), median time to ROSC (interquartile range) was 150 s (115-180), whereas animals in the 100% group achieved ROSC after 135 s (113-168); p = 0.80. There were no differences in the temporal changes in mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, pH, pCO(2), interleukin-1beta or lactate/pyruvate ratios. However, systemic and regional cerebral oxygen saturations were higher in the animals resuscitated with 100% oxygen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this animal model of severe perinatal asphyxia, resuscitation with room air seemed to be as safe and effective as the use of 100% oxygen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. a.l.solevag @ medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Anne L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Solevåg
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dannevig
authors.forename: Britt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nakstad
authors.forename: Ola D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Saugstad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000628:therapy*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000097:blood; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D010100:Oxygen