title: Meeting risk with resilience: high daily life reward experience preserves mental health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine prospectively whether high reward experience (the ability to generate positive affect boosts from pleasurable daily events) protects against affective symptoms and whether environmental or genetic risk factors moderate protective effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  At baseline, 498 female twins participated in an experience sampling study measuring reward experience in daily life. They also completed questionnaires on childhood adversity and recent stressful life events (SLE). Affective symptoms were measured at baseline and at four follow-ups using SCL-90 anxiety and depression subscales. Co-twin affective symptoms were used as indicators of genetic risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline reward experience did not predict follow-up affective symptoms, regardless of level of genetic risk. However, high reward experience was associated with reduced future affective symptoms after previous exposure to childhood adversity or recent SLE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High daily life reward experience increases resilience after environmental adversity; modification of reward experience may constitute a novel area of therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry and Psychology, EURON, Maastricht University, the Netherland. n.geschwind@sp.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Geschwind
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delespaul
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Derom
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thiery
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wichers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057181:Pleasure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012201:Reward; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D055815:Young Adult