title: Antibacterial surface properties of fluoride-containing resin-based sealants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to determine the antibacterial properties of three resin-based pit and fissure sealant products: Clinpro (3M ESPE), Embrace (Pulpdent), and UltraSeal XT plus (Ultradent).
  
  
  METHODS
  The antibacterial effects of the sealants were tested in both an agar diffusion assay and a planktonic growth inhibition assay using Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The materials were applied to paper and enamel disks in the former and on the side walls of 96-well microtiter plates on the latter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All materials showed either diffusible or contact antibacterial effects in the agar diffusion assays. The effect was diminished when enamel disks were used as substrate. In the planktonic growth inhibition assay, Clinpro had its effect reduced, but retained activity against both bacteria over time. L. acidophilus was more sensitive than S. mutans to UltraSeal. Embrace retained antibacterial activity against both bacteria over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this in vitro study it can be concluded that all materials are capable of contact inhibition of L. acidophilus and S. mutans growth. Embrace has the longer lasting antibacterial activity when in solution, especially against S. mutans.
authors.affiliation: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA.
authors.forename: Supawadee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naorungroj
authors.forename: Hong-Hong
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Roland R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Swift
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walter
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000187:drug effects; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000737:chemistry*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D019279:Resin Cements