title: Efficacy of tramadol in combination with doxepin or venlafaxine in inhibition of nociceptive process in the rat model of neuropathic pain: an isobolographic analysis.
abstract: Neuropathic pain constitutes a serious therapeutic problem. In most cases polytherapy is necessary. Tramadol and antidepressants have common mechanisms of action and are frequently used together in clinical practice, thus interaction between them is very important. In the present study isobolographic analysis for equivalent doses of drugs was applied to examine the nature of interaction between tramadol and doxepin or venlafaxine in a neuropathic pain model in rats. Allodynia and hyperalgesia were assessed after intraperitoneal administration of each drug alone or in combination. Dose response curves were obtained and ED(50) doses were calculated. All drugs were effective in reducing thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, however doxepin was more effective than venlafaxine. Combined administration of tramadol and doxepin demonstrated synergistic action in reducing thermal hyperalgesia and additive action in reducing mechanical allodynia. Combined administration of tramadol and venlafaxine showed additive action in reducing hyperalgesia and allodynia. Moreover, combined administration of tramadol and doxepin was more effective than combined administration of tramadol and venlafaxine. The experiments demonstrated that the nature of interaction between tramadol and doxepin is synergistic, which is not the case for tramadol and venlafaxine, what provides a valuable information referring to clinical practice, rationalizing administration of such drug combination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wrzosek
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Obara
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wordliczek
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Przewlocka
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004316:Doxepin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014147:Tramadol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D004316:Doxepin; D014147:Tramadol; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride