title: Therapeutic HPV DNA vaccines.
abstract: It is now well established that most cervical cancers are causally associated with HPV infection. This realization has led to efforts to control HPV-associated malignancy through prevention or treatment of HPV infection. Currently, commercially available HPV vaccines are not designed to control established HPV infection and associated premalignant and malignant lesions. To treat and eradicate pre-existing HPV infections and associated lesions which remain prevalent in the U.S. and worldwide, effective therapeutic HPV vaccines are needed. DNA vaccination has emerged as a particularly promising form of therapeutic HPV vaccines due to its safety, stability and ability to induce antigen-specific immunity. This review focuses on improving the potency of therapeutic HPV vaccines through modification of dendritic cells (DCs) by [1] increasing the number of antigen-expressing/antigen-loaded DCs, [2] improving HPV antigen expression, processing and presentation in DCs, and [3] enhancing DC and T cell interaction. Continued improvement in therapeutic HPV DNA vaccines may ultimately lead to an effective DNA vaccine for the treatment of HPV-associated malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roosinovich
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Chien-Fu
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: T-C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA