Epithelium: the interplay between innate and Th2 immunity.
Mucosal epithelium functions not only as a physical barrier, but also as a regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses against foreign substances and microorganisms. In particular, epithelial cells have been directly implicated in Th2 responses, serving as a critical interface between innate immune responses and Th2 immunity. Emerging studies have revealed the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the epithelium modulates Th2 responses through the production of a group of epithelial-derived Th2-driving cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. These epithelial-derived Th2-driving cytokines execute a regulatory function of the epithelium on mucosal immunity by promoting Th2 responses and maintaining the balance of host immune homeostasis and defense against various pathogens. Dysregulation of these Th2-driving cytokines can lead to detrimental Th2-dependent inflammatory responses, often manifested in various forms of allergic and inflammatory diseases.
Bulek
Katarzyna
K
Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Swaidani
Shadi
S
Aronica
Mark
M
Li
Xiaoxia
X
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000276:immunology; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
D016207:Cytokines; C486701:IL25 protein, human; C506536:IL33 protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin