title: Cryopreservation of human embryonic stem cells with a new bulk vitrification method.
abstract: To increase the manipulation efficiency and storage capability of vitrified human embryonic stem cells, a new bulk vitrification method was established using transformed cryovials. This method vitrified a large number of cell clumps, as opposed to those cryopreserved by a slow-freezing method with conventional cryovials at one time (round). After warming, vitrified human embryonic stem cells exhibited a much higher survival rate than the slow-freezing cells. The vitrified stem cells continued to express markers of pluripotency and formed teratomas in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency, confirming the pluripotency of vitrified-warmed human embryonic stem cell clumps. The new bulk vitrification method is superior to and more practical than the open pulled straw vitrification method and the slow-freezing method for the cryopreservation of human embryonic stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qingyun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Canquan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D033041:Embryo Research; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental; D013724:Teratoma