title: Impact of a rehabilitation program on dyspnea intensity and quality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has yet to be determined whether the language of dyspnea responds to pulmonary rehabilitation programs (PRP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that PRP affect both the intensity and quality of exercise-induced dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 49 patients equipped with a portable telemetric spiroergometry device during the 6-min walking test before and 4 weeks after PRP. In a first screening visit, appropriate verbal descriptors of dyspnea were chosen that patients were familiar with during daily living activities. Tidal volume, respiratory frequency, inspiratory capacity, inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) and dyspnea intensity were evaluated by a modified Borg scale every minute during the test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Qualitative descriptors of dyspnea were defined by three different sets of cluster descriptors (a-c) at the end of the exercise test, before and after PRP: a - work/effort (W/E); b - inspiratory difficulty (ID) and chest tightness (CT), and c - W/E, ID and/or CT. The three language subgroups exhibited similar lung function at baseline, and similar rating of dyspnea and ventilatory changes during exercise. The rehabilitation program shifted the Borg-IRV relationship (less Borg at any given IRV) towards the right without modifying the set of descriptors in most patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rehabilitation programs allowed patients to tolerate a greater amount of restrictive dynamic ventilatory defect by modifying the intensity, but not necessarily the quality of dyspnea.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Don C. Gnocchi, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pozzolatico, Italia.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gigliotti
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lanini
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castellani
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Binazzi
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stendardi
authors.forename: Giulia Innocenti
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Bruni
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007321:Inspiratory Reserve Volume; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013990:Tidal Volume