title: Doctor shopping before and after a visit to a paediatric emergency department.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Use of multiple care providers is known to be associated with poor continuity of care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors for doctor shopping by parents of children with common acute illnesses seen in the emergency department (ED) of a children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  ED at the Montreal Children's Hospital (MCH), Montreal, Quebec.
  
  
  METHODS
  Doctor shopping was defined as visiting three or more different care sites (the MCH ED, other EDs, outpatient clinics or private offices) for a single illness episode, including all visits occurring within successive 72 h periods up to a maximum of 15 days before and after an ED visit from April 1995 to March 1996. Logistic regression was used to compare characteristics of illness episodes with doctor shopping versus those without.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total 40,150 visits during the study period, doctor shopping was observed in 18% of the visits. The risk of doctor shopping was positively associated with an initial visit at other EDs (odds ratio [OR] 9.08, 95% CI 7.16 to 11.52), outpatient clinics (OR 4.47, 95% CI 3.71 to 5.37) or private offices (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.96) versus those who visited the MCH ED first. The risk did not differ according to whether a paediatrician versus a general practitioner saw the child during the initial visit (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.15). Some diagnoses (the reference category was upper respiratory infection), including urinary tract infection (OR 3.31, 95% CI 2.58 to 4.23) and gastroenteritis (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.88), were associated with an increased risk of doctor shopping, while asthma was associated with a reduced risk (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.86).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Doctor shopping is common among parents of children with acute illnesses. Parents of children who were seen in the MCH ED first were less likely to doctor shop, perhaps because the parents were more confident about the advice and treatment received. Further research should investigate the underlying reasons for doctor shopping, eg, services other than an ED were not available and parents' perceptions of the quality of health services.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Outcomes Research Team, Division of Pediatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario;
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Macpherson
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Ducharme
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Bélanger