title: Acute pulmonary edema due to stress cardiomyopathy in a patient with aortic stenosis: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stress cardiomyopathy is a condition of chest pain, breathlessness, abnormal heart rhythms and sometimes congestive heart failure or shock precipitated by intense mental or physical stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 64-year-old male with a known diagnosis of moderate-to-severe aortic stenosis and advised that valve replacement was not urgent, presented with acute pulmonary edema following extraordinary mental distress. The patient was misdiagnosed as having a "massive heart attack" and died when managed by a traditional protocol for acute myocardial infarction/coronary artery disease, irrespective of his known aortic stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intense mental stress poses a considerable risk, particularly to patients with significant aortic stenosis. As described here, it can precipitate acute pulmonary edema. Importantly, effective management of acute pulmonary edema due to stress cardiomyopathy in patients with known aortic stenosis requires its distinction from acute pulmonary edema caused by an acute myocardial infarction. Treatment options include primarily urgent rhythm and/or rate control, as well as cautious vasodilation.
authors.affiliation: PO Box 18736 (at Stanford University) Stanford, California 94309, USA.
authors.forename: Monika F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bayer