title: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, tolerability and safety of single ascending doses of ticagrelor, a reversibly binding oral P2Y(12) receptor antagonist, in healthy subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ticagrelor (AZD6140) is the first reversibly binding oral P2Y(12) receptor antagonist in development for reduction of clinical thrombotic events in patients with acute coronary syndromes. The purpose of our studies was to determine the effect of single-ascending doses of ticagrelor in healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled single ascending dose studies, healthy subjects received oral doses of 0.1-100 mg or placebo (n = 25) and 30-400 mg or placebo (n = 13).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Absorption of ticagrelor was rapid [median time to peak plasma concentration (t(max)) 1.3-2 h], as was the formation of its main (active) metabolite, AR-C124910XX (t(max) 1.5-3 h). For both ticagrelor and AR-C124910XX, the peak plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC(0-infinity)) increased in an apparently dose-proportional manner over the dose range studied, indicating linear pharmacokinetics. The mean terminal-phase half-life (t(1/2)) was approximately 7-8.5 h for ticagrelor and 8.5-10 h for AR-C124910XX; AR-C124910XX exposure was approximately one third that of ticagrelor. Inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA) was dose related and was nearly complete at 2 h (mean 88-95%; final extent, with 20 microM adenosine diphosphate ADP) at doses of 100-400 mg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Linear and predictable pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor and AR-C124910XX were observed. A consistent and high IPA was maintained over 2-12 h, gradually decreasing with declining plasma concentration starting around 12 h post-dose, indicating that the IPA is reversible. Ticagrelor was well tolerated, with no serious or dose-related adverse events or notable changes in laboratory values observed.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology, AstraZeneca LP, OW3-117, 1800 Concord Pike, P.O. Box 15437, Wilmington, DE 19850-5437, USA. renli.teng@astrazeneca.com
authors.forename: Renli
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001760:Bleeding Time; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D000077486:Ticagrelor
chemical_list: C548576:P2RY12 protein, human; D010919:Placebos; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D000077486:Ticagrelor; D000241:Adenosine