title: Vaccines against seasonal and pandemic influenza and the implications of changes in substrates for virus production.
abstract: Influenza virus changes constantly, making vaccine production challenging. Changing the growth substrate from eggs to cell culture raises issues at all stages of the process, from surveillance to the assay of vaccines. The pandemic threat-first H5N1, then H1N1-encouraged a review of methods and brought issues into sharp relief.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biological Standards and Control/Health Protection Agency, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. pminor@nibsc.hpa.org.uk
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Minor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002645:Chickens; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D010063:Ovum; D014776:Virus Cultivation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines