Identification of cardiometabolic risk among collegiate football players.
BACKGROUND
Excessive fat mass clearly has adverse effects on metabolic processes that can ultimately lead to the development of chronic disease. Early identification of high-risk status may facilitate referral for definitive diagnostic tests and implementation of interventions to reduce cardiometabolic risk.


OBJECTIVE
To document the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among collegiate football players and to develop a clinical prediction rule that does not require blood analysis to identify players who may possess a high level of cardiometabolic risk.


METHODS
Cross-sectional cohort study.


METHODS
University athletic training research laboratory.


METHODS
Sixty-two National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Championship Subdivision football players (age = 19.9 +/- 1.2 years, height = 182.6 +/- 6.1 cm, mass = 97.4 +/- 18.3 kg).


METHODS
Anthropometric characteristics associated with body fat, isokinetic quadriceps strength, and biometric indicators associated with metabolic syndrome were measured. Participants were classified as high risk or low risk for future development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.


RESULTS
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the cohort was 19% (12 of 62), and 79% (49 of 62) of the players exceeded the threshold for 1 or more of its 5 components. A 4-factor clinical prediction rule that classified individuals on the basis of waist circumference, blood pressure, quadriceps strength, and ethnic category had 92% sensitivity (95% confidence interval = 65%, 99%) and 76% specificity (95% confidence interval = 63%, 86%) for discrimination of high-risk or low-risk status.


CONCLUSIONS
The risk for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease appears to be exceptionally high among collegiate football players. A lack of race-specific criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome almost certainly contributes to an underestimation of the true level of cardiometabolic risk for African American collegiate football players.
Wilkerson
Gary B
GB
University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403-2598, USA. Gary-Wilkerson@utc.edu
Bullard
J Todd
JT
Bartal
David W
DW
D050153:Abdominal Fat; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005538:Football; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications*; D012372:ROC Curve; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult