title: Persistent regional diastolic dysfunction after myocardial ischemia and the effect of statin treatment: assessment with two-dimensional radial strain rate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Persistence of regional diastolic dysfunction after ischemic insult remains debatable. With speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), we sought to (1) prove the persistence of regional diastolic dysfunction, (2) assess the feasibility of applying persistent regional diastolic dysfunction to differentiating ischemic and nonischemic chest pain, and finally (3) examine statin effects on postischemic regional diastolic dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients with variant angina (VA) and 12 normal subjects were enrolled. Comprehensive echocardiographic examinations were performed before and 1 day after coronary angiography (CAG) with ergonovine provocation. Radial systolic (rSRsys) and diastolic (rSRdia) strain rates were obtained and averaged using standard segmentation models corresponding to the three major coronary territories assigned.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant changes in rSRsys and rSRdia values were observed for controls and in rSRsys for VA. However, rSRdia for VA demonstrated a weak, but significant, decrease from -2.25 +/- 0.71/sec to -2.04 +/- 0.71/sec (P = 0.003) 1 day after CAG. However, because of the wide overlap between rSRdia values in normal and ischemic segments for VA patients, predictability of remote ischemia based solely on the rSRdia was limited. Subgroup analysis according to statin prescription showed that statin administration contributed to the elimination of rSRdia reduction (-2.28 +/- 0.84/sec on pre-CAG vs. -2.29 +/- 0.77/sec on post-CAG, P = 0.72 for patients without statin premedication; -2.23 +/- 0.64/sec for pre-CAG vs. -1.88 +/- 0.65/sec for post-CAG, P = 0.002 for those without). Expectedly, rSRsys values showed no significant changes in all situations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence and sustained nature of regional diastolic dysfunction can be demonstrated with STE. Statin minimized the persistence of regional diastolic dysfunction after an acute ischemia. Although the clinical usefulness of rSRdia by STE appears to be limited, its clinical utility requires further consideration, given the brevity of the ischemia provoked during CAG with ergonovine and the protracted regional diastolic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea. cardiman@medimail.co.kr
authors.forename: Hyung-Kwan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Dae-Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Dae-Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Hee
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Young-Bae
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000788:Angina Pectoris, Variant / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D003971:Diastole; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005464:Fluorobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012015:Reference Standards; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D005464:Fluorobenzenes; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011758:Pyrroles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D000069059:Atorvastatin