title: Family history of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in prepubertal children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the relationship between family history of hypertension (FHH) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in healthy prepubertal children.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Elementary schools from San Luis Potosi and Durango, cities in middle and northern Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 358 randomly enrolled, healthy boys and girls aged 6-10 years in Tanner stage 1, with and without FHH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Odds ratio (OR) that estimates the relationship between FHH and CVRF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FHH was identified in 72 (20.1%) children; 212 (59.2%) children had at least one CVRF, where low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (36.3%), elevated waist circumference (WC) (29.3%), and hypertriglyceridemia (28.8%) were the most frequent; high-blood pressure (HBP) and hyperglycemia were recognized in 10 (3.3%) and 1 (0.3%) children. Metabolic syndrome and hyperinsulinemia were identified in 36 (10.0%) and 48 (13.4%) children. In all subjects, hyperinsulinemia (OR 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-8.4), but not other CVRF was significantly associated with FHH. Subsequent analysis stratified by WC showed that FHH was not associated with CVRF in children with elevated WC. Among children with nonelevated WC, FHH in the maternal branch, but not in the paternal branch, was associated with hyperinsulinemia (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1-5.5), HBP (OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.3-30.1), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-7.2), and low HDL-cholesterol (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1-3.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results show that FHH in the maternal branch is associated with CVRF in children with nonelevated WC.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute at Durango, Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Moran
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aradillas-García
authors.forename: Luis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Simental-Mendia
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monreal-Escalante
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de la Cruz Mendoza
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dávila Esqueda
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guerrero-Romero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D010375:Pedigree; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL