title: Presentation of Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy in men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have demonstrated that stress-induced Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy is likely to occur in elderly female patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate gender differences in the clinical characteristics of patients with Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study consisted of 102 patients with Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy. It was characterized by akinesia/hypokinesia of the mid-to-distal portion of the left ventricular chamber, with normokinesia/hyperkinesia of the basal portion with an ejection fraction of less than 50% on transthoracic echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 13 male and 89 female patients. In 10 male patients (77%), Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy occurred during or immediately after receiving medical treatment or examination for an underlying disease. In 9 male patients (69%), objective symptoms such as abnormality of monitoring or low blood pressure, but not subjective symptoms increased the chance of the patient being diagnosed with Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy. There was no significant difference in age, body weight, hypertension, or diabetes except for height between male and female patients. The incidence of in-hospital onset was significantly higher in male patients than in female patients (77% vs 17%, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality (15% vs 6%, P = not significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that physical stress might have more to do with the occurrence of Tako-tsubo in male than female patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan. skurisu@nifty.com
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurisu
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawagoe
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimatani
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakama
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kagawa
authors.forename: Kazuoki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikenaga
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D013318:Stroke Volume; D054549:Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left