RIGorous detection: exposing virus through RNA sensing.
Virus infection in mammals elicits a variety of defense responses that are initiated by signals from virus-sensing receptors expressed by the host. These receptors include the ubiquitously expressed RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) family of RNA helicases. RLRs are cytoplasmic proteins that act in cell-intrinsic antiviral defense by recognizing RNAs indicative of virus presence. Here, we highlight recent progress in understanding how RLRs discriminate between the RNA content of healthy versus virus-infected cells, functioning as accurate sensors of virus invasion.
Rehwinkel
Jan
J
Immunobiology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK.
Reis e Sousa
Caetano
C
D000818:Animals; D020029:Base Pairing; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1; D007372:Interferons / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012327:RNA Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D012367:RNA, Viral; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D014764:Viral Proteins; D007372:Interferons; C503356:Ddx58 protein, mouse; C510592:Ifih1 protein, mouse; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1