title: The direct molecular effects of fatigue and myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation on the actomyosin contractile apparatus.
abstract: Skeletal muscle, during periods of exertion, experiences several different fatigue-based changes in contractility, including reductions in force, velocity, power output, and energy usage. The fatigue-induced changes in contractility stem from many different factors, including alterations in the levels of metabolites, oxidative damage, and phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC). Here, we measured the direct molecular effects of fatigue-like conditions on actomyosin's unloaded sliding velocity using the in vitro motility assay. We examined how changes in ATP, ADP, P(i), and pH affect the ability of the myosin to translocate actin and whether the effects of each individual molecular species are additive. We found that the primary causes of the reduction in unloaded sliding velocity are increased [ADP] and lowered pH and that the combined effects of the molecular species are nonadditive. Furthermore, since an increase in RLC phosphorylation is often associated with fatigue, we examined the differential effects of myosin RLC phosphorylation and fatigue on actin filament velocity. We found that phosphorylation of the RLC causes a 22% depression in sliding velocity. On the other hand, RLC phosphorylation ameliorates the slowing of velocity under fatigue-like conditions. We also found that phosphorylation of the myosin RLC increases actomyosin affinity for ADP, suggesting a kinetic role for RLC phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that ADP binding to skeletal muscle is load dependent, consistent with the existence of a load-dependent isomerization of the ADP bound state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, L-720, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Tanya R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Mealy
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szczesna-Cordary
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000502:physiology; D000205:Actomyosin / Q000502:physiology*; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D007700:Kinetics; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018994:Myosin Light Chains / Q000502:physiology*; D009218:Myosins / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D018994:Myosin Light Chains; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000205:Actomyosin; D009218:Myosins