title: ATP-loaded liposomes for targeted treatment in models of myocardial ischemia.
abstract: ATP cannot be effectively delivered to most tissues including the ischemic myocardium without protection from degradation by plasma endonucleotidases. However, it has been established that ATP can be delivered to various tissues by its encapsulation within liposomal preparations. We describe here, the materials needed and methods used to optimize the encapsulation of ATP in liposomes, enhance their effectiveness by increasing their circulation time and target injured myocardial cells with liposomal surface anti-myosin antibody. Additionally, we outline methods for ex vivo studies of these ATP liposomal preparations in an isolated ischemic rat heart model and for in vivo studies of rabbits with an induced myocardial infarction. The expectation is that these methods will provide a basis for continued studies of effective ways to deliver energy substrates to the ischemic myocardium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Tatyana S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Levchenko
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hartner
authors.forename: Daya D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Eugene A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Vladimir P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Torchilin
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D009218:Myosins / Q000276:immunology*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D008081:Liposomes; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D009218:Myosins