title: Evaluation of the direct and diffusion methods for the determination of fluoride content in table salt.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess methods currently used for analyzing fluoridated salt in order to identify the most useful method for this type of analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five fluoridated salt samples were obtained. Samples were analyzed for fluoride content, with and without pretreatment, using direct and diffusion methods. Element analysis was also conducted in selected samples. Fluoride was added to ultra pure NaCl and non-fluoridated commercial salt samples and Ca and Mg were added to fluoride samples in order to assess fluoride recoveries using modifications to the methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Larger amounts of fluoride were found and recovered using diffusion than direct methods (96%-100% for diffusion vs. 67%-90% for direct). Statistically significant differences were obtained between direct and diffusion methods using different ion strength adjusters. Pretreatment methods reduced the amount of recovered fluoride. Determination of fluoride content was influenced both by the presence of NaCl and other ions in the salt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct and diffusion techniques for analysis of fluoridated salt are suitable methods for fluoride analysis. The choice of method should depend on the purpose of the analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Community, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis 46202, USA. esmartin@iupui.edu
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Martínez-Mier
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Soto-Rojas
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Margineda
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Zero
mesh_terms: D004058:Diffusion; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D005459:Fluorides