title: Evaluation of myosin VI, E-cadherin and beta-catenin immunostaining in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a cancer of increasing incidence and mortality. Currently, there are no immunohistochemical prognostic markers for RCCs in routine use. The aim of this study was to examine for the first time the immunostaining of myosin VI in RCCs as well as its association with E-cadherin and beta-catenin immunostaining and the prognostic significance of these markers in RCCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study population consisted of 152 patients who underwent surgery for RCCs between 1990 and 1999. The tumours were examined with three immunohistochemical markers: myosin VI, E-cadherin and beta-catenin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immunostaining for cytoplasmic myosin VI was common (72%). One-third of the tumours were immunopositive for nuclear myosin VI. Cytoplasmic myosin VI immunopositivity and nuclear beta-catenin immunostaining were associated with lower Fuhrman grades (p = 0.04 and p = 0.005, respectively), but not stages. There was no significant association between myosin VI immunostaining and the histological subtype of RCC. Nuclear myosin VI was associated with the nuclear expression of beta-catenin. A direct association could also be proven between membranous E-cadherin and cytoplasmic beta-catenin. Cytoplasmic myosin VI immunostaining was a marker of poorer prognosis in multivariate Cox regression model adjusted with stage and Fuhrman grade with hazard ratio 2.4 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 5.0 with p = 0.024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytoplasmic myosin VI immunopositivity and nuclear beta-catenin immunostaining were associated with lower Fuhrman grades, and there was a strong positive relationship between E-cadherin immunostaining and beta-catenin immunostaining in RCCs. Cytoplasmic myosin VI immunostaining was associated with poorer prognosis in RCCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, PO Box 21, Oulu University Hospital, FIN-90029 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ronkainen
authors.forename: Saila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kauppila
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hirvikoski
authors.forename: Markku H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Vaarala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000032:analysis*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000032:analysis*; D011379:Prognosis; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; D051176:beta Catenin; C089785:myosin VI; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains