title: Regulatory polymorphism in transcription factor KLF5 at the MEF2 element alters the response to angiotensin II and is associated with human hypertension.
abstract: Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a zinc-finger-type transcription factor that mediates the tissue remodeling in cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, and cardiac hypertrophy. Our previous studies have shown that KLF5 is induced by angiotensin II (AII), although the precise molecular mechanism is not yet known. Here we analyzed regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the KLF5 locus to identify clinically relevant signaling pathways linking AII and KLF5. One SNP was located at -1282 bp and was associated with an increased risk of hypertension: subjects with the A/A and A/G genotypes at -1282 were at significantly higher risk for hypertension than those with the G/G genotype. Interestingly, a reporter construct corresponding to the -1282G genotype showed much weaker responses to AII than a construct corresponding to -1282A. Electrophoretic mobility shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and reporter assays collectively showed that the -1282 SNP is located within a functional myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) binding site, and that the -1282G genotype disrupts the site and reduces the AII responsiveness of the promoter. Moreover, MEF2 activation via reactive oxygen species and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase induced KLF5 expression in response to AII, and KLF5 and MEF2 were coexpressed in coronary atherosclerotic plaques. These results suggest that a novel signaling and transcription network involving MEF2A and KLF5 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Momoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horikoshi
authors.forename: Katsuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiu
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tadanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Ryozo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020218:Response Elements; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C492214:KLF5 protein, human; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; C578035:MEF2A protein, human; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000804:Angiotensin II; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases