title: The effect of electromagnetic field emitted by a mobile phone on the inhibitory control of saccades.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether exposure to a pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic field (pulsed EMF) emitted by a mobile phone has short-term effects on the inhibitory control of saccades.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, counterbalanced crossover study design was employed. We assessed the performance of 10 normal subjects on antisaccade (AS) and cued saccade (CUED) tasks as well as two types of overlap saccade (OL1, OL2) task before and after 30 min of exposure to EMF emitted by a mobile phone or sham exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After EMF or sham exposure, we observed a slight but significant shortening of latency in the CUED and OL2 tasks. AS amplitude decreased as well as the saccade velocities in the AS, CUED, and OL1 tasks after exposure. These changes occurred regardless of whether exposure was real or sham. The frequencies of pro-saccades in the AS task, saccades to cue in the CUED task, and prematurely initiated saccades in the overlap (OL2) task did not change significantly after real or sham EMF exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thirty minutes of mobile phone exposure has no significant short-term effect on the inhibitory control of saccades.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cortical processing responsible for saccade inhibition is not affected by exposure to EMF emitted by a mobile phone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furubayashi
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yugeta
authors.forename: Ritsuko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanajima
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ugawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D040421:Cell Phone; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003463:Cues; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004585:Electrooculography; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000528:radiation effects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000528:radiation effects; D012438:Saccades / Q000528:radiation effects*