title: Heterogeneous tissue in the thyroid fossa on ultrasound in infants with proven thyroid ectopia on isotope scan--a diagnostic trap.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thyroid imaging is of proven help in establishing a diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism in infants. US often shows tissue in the thyroid fossa when radionuclide scintigraphy reveals only ectopic uptake.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our hypothesis was that the use of US alone could lead to the mistaken diagnosis of normal or dysplastic thyroid in cases of scintigraphy-proven thyroid ectopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a detailed retrospective review and analysis of imaging and concurrent biochemistry in infants with thyroid ectopia, confirmed by radionuclide scintigraphy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen infants had thyroid ectopia; ten of the original US reports had suggested that cervical thyroid tissue was present. Review showed bilateral tissue in the thyroid fossa in all that was non-thyroidal in nature since, apart from showing no radionuclide uptake, it exhibited some or all of the following typical features: hyperechogenicity, heterogeneity, small size, poor vascularity, and anechoic and/or hypoechoic cysts. Also, extension of the tissue both around and behind the large cervical blood vessels was a universal finding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considerable experience is required to interpret neonatal thyroid US. We caution against diagnosing a dysplastic/hypoplastic thyroid gland in situ on the basis of US alone, particularly if the tissue exhibits any of the non-thyroidal features described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Dalnair Street, Yorkhill, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, G3 8SJ, UK. jhj1c@clinmed.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jeremy H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Morag
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Attaie
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maroo
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Malcolm D C
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Donaldson
mesh_terms: D002828:Choristoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014060:Tongue Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography