title: In vivo anti-inflammatory action of eugenol on lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury.
abstract: Eugenol, a methoxyphenol component of clove oil, suppresses cyclooxygenase-2 expression, while eugenol dimers prevent nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Our aim was to examine the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of eugenol. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups. Mice received saline [0.05 ml intratracheally (it), control (Ctrl) and eugenol (Eug) groups] or Escherichia coli LPS (10 microg it, LPS and LPSEug groups). After 6 h, mice received saline (0.2 ml ip, Ctrl and LPS groups) or eugenol (160 mg/kg ip, Eug and LPSEug groups). Twenty-four hours after LPS injection, pulmonary resistive (DeltaP1) and viscoelastic (DeltaP2) pressures, static elastance (E(st)), and viscoelastic component of elastance (DeltaE) were measured. Lungs were prepared for histology. In parallel mice, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected 24 h after LPS injection. TNF-alpha was determined by ELISA. Lung tissue expression of NF-kappaB was determined by EMSA. DeltaP1, DeltaP2, E(st), and DeltaE were significantly higher in the LPS group than in the other groups. LPS mice also showed significantly more alveolar collapse, collagen fibers, and neutrophil influx and higher TNF-alpha levels and NF-kappaB expression than the other groups. Eugenol treatment reduced LPS-induced lung inflammation, improving lung function. Our results suggest that eugenol exhibits in vivo anti-inflammatory action in LPS-induced lung injury.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clarissa B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.forename: Leonardo J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: DePaula
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brando-Lima
authors.forename: Vera Lúcia G
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Koatz
authors.forename: José Henrique
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Leal-Cardoso
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Zin
authors.forename: Débora S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Faffe
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology; D005054:Eugenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D005054:Eugenol