title: The increasing incidence of mumps orchitis: a comprehensive review.
abstract: There has been a recent increase in mumps orchitis among pubertal and postpubertal males. These outbreaks can be attributed to a reduction in the uptake of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine during the early to mid-1990 s in children who have now matured. The mumps virus is commonly associated with extra-salivary complications. Unvaccinated postpubertal males diagnosed with mumps virus frequently develop complications such as mumps orchitis. Therefore, it is important that urologists are familiar with the diagnosis, treatment and complications of this condition. Here we review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment options and complications of mumps orchitis, as a complication of mumps virus, with particular emphasis on testicular atrophy, subfertility and infertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, University College Dublin, Ireland. nialldavis2001@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Niall F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Barry B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: Jackie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mahon
authors.forename: Anna E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: Kiaran J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
mesh_terms: D001284:Atrophy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009107:Mumps / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D009920:Orchitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology*