title: Longitudinal relationships between family routines and biological profiles among youth with asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether longitudinal trajectories of inflammatory markers of asthma can be predicted by levels of family routines in youth with asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Family routines were assessed through parent questionnaires and peripheral blood samples obtained from youth every 6 months throughout the 18-month study period. Longitudinal relationships were evaluated using hierarchical linear modeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mitogen-stimulated production of cytokines implicated in asthma, specifically IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Youth with more family routines in their home environment showed decreases in IL-13 (but not IL-4 or IL-5) over the course of the study period. In turn, within-person analyses indicated that at times when stimulated production of IL-13 was high, asthma symptoms were also high, pointing to the clinical relevance of changes in IL-13 over time. A variety of child and parent psychosocial as well as child behavioral characteristics could not explain these effects. However, medication use eliminated the relationship between family routines and stimulated production of IL-13.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that family routines predict asthma outcomes at the biological level, possibly through influencing medication use. Considering daily family behaviors when treating asthma may help improve both biological and clinical profiles in youth with asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. hannahs@psych.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Hannah M C
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Schreier
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000276:immunology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology*; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015848:Interleukin-5; D015847:Interleukin-4