title: Physical exercise, aging, and mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical exercise is associated with decreased risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether physical exercise is associated with decreased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, an ongoing population-based cohort study in Olmsted County, Minnesota.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1324 subjects without dementia who completed a Physical Exercise Questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  An expert consensus panel classified each subject as having normal cognition or MCI based on published criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We compared the frequency of physical exercise among 198 subjects with MCI with that among 1126 subjects with normal cognition and adjusted the analyses for age, sex, years of education, medical comorbidity, and depression. The odds ratios for any frequency of moderate exercise were 0.61 (95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.88; P = .008) for midlife (age range, 50-65 years) and 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.93; P = .02) for late life. The findings were consistent among men and women. Light exercise and vigorous exercise were not significantly associated with decreased risk of MCI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population-based case-control study, any frequency of moderate exercise performed in midlife or late life was associated with a reduced odds of having MCI.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. geda.yonas@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Yonas E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Geda
authors.forename: Rosebud O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Knopman
authors.forename: Teresa J H
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Christianson
authors.forename: V Shane
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Pankratz
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ivnik
authors.forename: Bradley F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Boeve
authors.forename: Eric G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Tangalos
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Rocca
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome