title: [Pars plana vitrectomy, subretinal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and fluid-gas exchange in the management of massive submacular hemorrhages secondary to age-related macular degeneration].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The natural prognosis of eyes with subretinal hemorrhage resulting from age-related macular degeneration is generally poor. A variety of therapeutic approaches have been developed but no consensus was found. Therefore, we evaluated a technique consisting of pars plana vitrectomy and subretinal rt-PA injection followed by evacuation of the liquid blood using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a retrospective clinical case series examining 18 eyes of 16 patients with age-related macular degeneration and thick submacular hemorrhage treated with vitrectomy, subretinal injection of rt-PA (0.5mg), and fluid-gas exchange.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subretinal hemorrhage was displaced in all 18 cases, revealing a choroidal lesion in 17 eyes. A treatable lesion accountable for the bleeding was identified in ten eyes, which all received a secondary treatment (intravitreal injection or photodynamic therapy). After a mean follow-up of 6 months, the final visual acuity improved in ten eyes. Complications consisted of one case of retinal detachment and one case of hyphema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This surgical technique seems useful in displacing thick submacular hemorrhage secondary to age-related macular degeneration, allowing postoperative fluorescein angiography testing and, potentially, subsequent treatments. However, further controlled and multicentric studies will be required to assess its efficacy and safety in the management of this difficult clinical problem.
authors.affiliation: Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France. s.auriol@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Auriol
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mahieu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lequeux
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Quintyn
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pagot-Mathis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000209:etiology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005602:France; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D056965:Injections, Intraocular; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride