title: Diuretic activity and kidney medulla AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, V2R expression of the aqueous extract of sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus FRIES in normal rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Zhuling, sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus FRIES, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, has long been used as a diuretic. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diuretic effect on the urinary electrolyte concentration (Na(+), K(+), and Cl(-)) and regulation of the relative mRNA expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1), aquaporin-2 (AQP2), aquaporin-3 (AQP3) and vasopressin V(2) receptor (V(2)R) post-oral administration of sclerotia of Polyporus umbellata aqueous extract in normal rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous extract of sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus (50 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) or the reference drug, furosemide (10mg/kg) were administrated orally to male SD rats and their urine output was quantified and collected 24h and 8 days after the treatment. The kidney medulla AQP1, AQP2, AQP3 and V(2)R mRNA relative expressions were measured with RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After single dose of the exact of sclerotia of Polyporus umbellata, urine output was found to be significantly increased, which began at 4h, and at 24h after the treatment, the sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus extract and furosemide treatment produced the similar total volume of urine excreted. The extract increases urinary levels of Na(+), K(+), and Cl(-), to about the same extent, while furosemide increased urinary levels of Na(+) and Cl(-). After the 8-day doses, all two substances induced significant diuresis, natriuresis and chloriuresis. These two substances do not regulate the AQP1 and AQP3 mRNA level in normal rat kidney medulla. The AQP2 mRNA level of sclerotia of Polyporus umbellata extract was down-regulated significantly, the V(2)R mRNA level of sclerotia of Polyporus umbellata extract 50mg/kg dose group and 250 mg/kg dose group were down-regulated significantly too. Interestingly, the low-dose group had higher effect on regulation of AQP2 and V(2)R mRNA level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aqueous extract of sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus has conspicuous diuretic effect confirming its ethnopharmacological use. From the pattern of excretion of water, sodium, potassium, chlorine, AQP2 and V2R mRNA level, it may be logically concluded that it has effect from down-regulating AQP2, and down-regulate AQP2 by down-regulating V(2)R.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Neihuanxi Road, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Guowei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jian-an
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Haiding
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051398:Aquaporin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051399:Aquaporin 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051400:Aquaporin 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D020346:Aquaporins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004231:Diuresis / Q000187:drug effects; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009318:Natriuresis / Q000187:drug effects; D055492:Polyporus / Q000737:chemistry*; D011141:Polyuria / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D051399:Aquaporin 2; D020346:Aquaporins; D004232:Diuretics; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin; D014867:Water; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D051398:Aquaporin 1; D051400:Aquaporin 3; D005665:Furosemide; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium