title: Stresses experienced by psychiatrists and their role in burnout: a national follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies have looked at sources of stress in psychiatrists, yet the role played by different factors in the causation of burnout in psychiatrists remains unclear. We had two aims, first, to develop a predictive model for the onset of burnout. Second, we aimed to study the differences in the perception of what caused stress between psychiatrists who rated themselves high on Emotional Exhaustion compared to those who rated themselves as low on Emotional Exhaustion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A previously described questionnaire that identified stressors relevant to consultant psychiatrists was mailed out to 426 psychiatrists, with 240 replies. Scores on the Emotional Exhaustion dimension of the Maslach Burnout Inventory were available for 131 respondents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on an earlier literature review, the Sources of Stress Questionnaire (SOS-Q) used in the study had 45 factors, categorized into predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating and protective factors for burnout in psychiatrists. Of these, factor analysis identified 11 non-correlated factors which were used in the final analysis of this study. Four factors emerged as associated with burnout in psychiatrists in New Zealand: too much work; working long hours; an aggressive administrative environment; and lacking support from management. Two factors negatively correlated with Emotional Exhaustion were a high level of job satisfaction and/or enjoyment, and low pay compared to other countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most factors associated with burnout are preventable and can be managed jointly between psychiatrists and administrators. Service providers need to address burnout seriously.
authors.affiliation: Health Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand, Waikato Clinical School, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Shailesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatcher
authors.forename: Gaelle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dutu
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Etuini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ma'u
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D011570:Psychiatry; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires