title: L-DOPA treatment reverses the motor alterations induced by manganese exposure as a Parkinson disease experimental model.
abstract: This investigation was designed to determine whether l-DOPA treatment improves the motor alterations observed after divalent and trivalent manganese (Mn) mixture inhalation on mice to ensure that the alterations are of dopaminergic origin. CD-1 male mice inhaled a mixture of 0.04 M manganese chloride (MnCl(2)) and manganese acetate (Mn(OAc)(3)), 1h twice a week for 5 months. Before Mn exposure, animals were trained to perform motor function tests and were evaluated each week after the exposure. Overall behavior was assessed by ratings and by videotaped analyses; by the end of Mn exposure period, 10 mice were orally treated with 7.5mg/kg L-DOPA. After 5 months of Mn-mixture inhalation striatal dopamine content decreased 71%, mice developed evident deficits in motor performance manifested as akinesia, postural instability and action tremor; these alterations were reverted with L-DOPA treatment. Our results suggest that the motor alterations induced by the inhalation of the combination of MnCl(2)/Mn(OAc)(3) are related to nigrostriatal dopaminergic function providing new light on the understanding of manganese neurotoxicity as a suitable Parkinson disease experimental model.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neuromorfologia, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ordoñez-Librado
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Anaya-Martinez
authors.forename: Ana Luisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gutierrez-Valdez
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montiel-Flores
authors.forename: David Reyes
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Corona
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martinez-Fong
authors.forename: Maria Rosa
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Avila-Costa
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002712:Chlorides; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D002712:Chlorides; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C521134:manganese(III) acetate dihydrate; D007980:Levodopa; C025340:manganese chloride; D004298:Dopamine