Evaluation of functional dynamics during osseointegration and regeneration associated with oral implants.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this paper is to review current investigations on functional assessments of osseointegration and assess correlations to the peri-implant structure.


METHODS
The literature was electronically searched for studies of promoting dental implant osseointegration, functional assessments of implant stability, and finite element (FE) analyses in the field of implant dentistry, and any references regarding biological events during osseointegration were also cited as background information.


RESULTS
Osseointegration involves a cascade of protein and cell apposition, vascular invasion, de novo bone formation and maturation to achieve the primary and secondary dental implant stability. This process may be accelerated by alteration of the implant surface roughness, developing a biomimetric interface, or local delivery of growth-promoting factors. The current available pre-clinical and clinical biomechanical assessments demonstrated a variety of correlations to the peri-implant structural parameters, and functionally integrated peri-implant structure through FE optimization can offer strong correlation to the interfacial biomechanics.


CONCLUSIONS
The progression of osseointegration may be accelerated by alteration of the implant interface as well as growth factor applications, and functional integration of peri-implant structure may be feasible to predict the implant function during osseointegration. More research in this field is still needed.
Chang
Po-Chun
PC
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Lang
Niklaus P
NP
Giannobile
William V
WV
D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties
D015921:Dental Implants; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins