title: HER2-specific T cells target primary glioblastoma stem cells and induce regression of autologous experimental tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive human primary brain tumor and is currently incurable. Immunotherapies have the potential to target GBM stem cells, which are resistant to conventional therapies. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a validated immunotherapy target, and we determined if HER2-specific T cells can be generated from GBM patients that will target autologous HER2-positive GBMs and their CD133-positive stem cell compartment.
  
  
  METHODS
  HER2-specific T cells from 10 consecutive GBM patients were generated by transduction with a retroviral vector encoding a HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor. The effector function of HER2-specific T cells against autologous GBM cells, including CD133-positive stem cells, was evaluated in vitro and in an orthotopic murine xenograft model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stimulation of HER2-specific T cells with HER2-positive autologous GBM cells resulted in T-cell proliferation and secretion of IFN-gamma and interleukin-2 in a HER2-dependent manner. Patients' HER2-specific T cells killed CD133-positive and CD133-negative cells derived from primary HER2-positive GBMs, whereas HER2-negative tumor cells were not killed. Injection of HER2-specific T cells induced sustained regression of autologous GBM xenografts established in the brain of severe combined immunodeficient mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gene transfer allows the reliable generation of HER2-specific T cells from GBM patients, which have potent antitumor activity against autologous HER2-positive tumors including their putative stem cells. Hence, the adoptive transfer of HER2-redirected T cells may be a promising immunotherapeutic approach for GBM.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. nahmed@bcm.edu
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Vita S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Salsman
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kew
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Yi J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: Helen E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Heslop
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000276:immunology*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D037182:T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000276:immunology; D019139:Tumor Escape / Q000276:immunology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human