title: Multiple contributors to iron deficiency and anemia in Senegal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anemia, especially due to iron deficiency early in pregnancy, has adverse consequences on pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 480 pregnant women in their second trimester was conducted in Senegal's capital, Dakar. Eighty women were selected per health center. Parasitological, dietary, and genetic factors were assessed to ascertain their relationship to anemia status and etiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine percent of the women were anemic; only 12-13% of the women had any parasite. Daily heme iron was reported in 35% of women, but intake amounts were low. Intakes of iron inhibitors were frequently consumed. Mean hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were significantly higher and erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels were lower in women who consumed iron inhibitors less frequently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study can improve the current antenatal program in Senegal and similar West African countries. Educating about dietary iron inhibitors and encouraging patient compliance can be significant contributors to reducing anemia in pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Binetou C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Seck
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004912:Erythrocytes; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016015:Logistic Models; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000032:analysis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012675:Senegal / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D011166:Porphyrins; D005293:Ferritins