title: Influence of rheumatoid arthritis on employment, function, and productivity in a nationally representative sample in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) was used to estimate the national influence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on employment, limitations in work or housework, inability to work or do housework, missed work days, days spent sick in bed, and annual wages.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEPS is a nationally representative survey of the US population. Multiple logistic, negative binomial, and Heckman selection regression methods were used, controlling for age, sex, race, ethnicity, smoking status, income, education, and chronic comorbidity. RA was identified using International Classification of Diseases-9 code 714.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In unadjusted descriptive statistics, individuals with RA were older, had more chronic conditions, missed more work days, spent more days sick in bed, had lower employment rates, had higher rates of limitations and inability to work, and received disability benefits at higher rates. After adjustment, multiple regression analyses showed individuals with RA were 53% less likely to be employed [OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.34-0.65], 3.3 times more likely to have limitations in work or housework (95% CI 2.35-4.64), 2.3 times more likely to be unable to work or do housework (95% CI 1.55-3.53), and spent 3.6 times as many days sick in bed as those without RA (95% CI 2.32-5.53). RA was associated with an expected loss of $8957 in annual earnings (95% CI 1881-15,937 dollars). There was no statistically significant difference in missed work days or the level of wages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the most recent available national data for adults, RA was associated with reductions in employment, productivity, and function.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research Program, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, 12631 E. 17th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA. patrick.sullivan@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: Patrick W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Vahram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ghushchyan
authors.forename: Xing-Yue
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Denise R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Globe
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult