title: Posterior urethral stricture after pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects in developing and developed countries, and choice of surgical technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared posterior urethral strictures after pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects in India and Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients in India and Italy who underwent repair for posterior urethral stricture after pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect. We investigated etiology, emergency treatment type, the specialist involved in emergency treatment, the type of stricture resulting from trauma and primary repair, posterior urethroplasty techniques and results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 255 patients with a median age of 33 years 117 (45.8%) and 138 (54.2%) were evaluated in India and Italy, respectively. In India the most common causes of pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects were pedestrian (35%), motorcycle (26.5%) and bicycle (12.8%) accidents. The most common emergency treatment was suprapubic cystostomy (79.5% of cases). Of the patients 70.1% were treated in emergency fashion by a surgeon and 85.4% had complex posterior urethral strictures. The most common technique was anastomosis with inferior and total pubectomy in 56.4% and 15.3% of cases, respectively. In Italy the etiology was mainly automobile accidents (39.2%). The most common emergency treatment was endoscopic realignment (49.2% of cases). Of the patients 92.7% were treated in emergency fashion by a urologist and 68.1% had simple urethral strictures. Perineal anastomosis and laser urethrotomy were the most used techniques (38.4% and 21.1% of cases, respectively). In India 92 cases (78.6%) were successful and 25 (21.4%) failed while in Italy 120 (86.9%) were successful and 18 (13.1%) failed. Median followup was 74 months (range 12 to 239).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in emergency treatment for pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects influence the choice of delayed posterior repair and results.
authors.affiliation: Kulkarni Urethroplasty Center, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbagli
authors.forename: Jyotsna S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazzeri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult