title: Expansion and maintenance of human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells by TGFbeta inhibition is Id1 dependent.
abstract: Previous efforts to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into endothelial cells have not achieved sustained expansion and stability of vascular cells. To define vasculogenic developmental pathways and enhance differentiation, we used an endothelial cell-specific VE-cadherin promoter driving green fluorescent protein (GFP) (hVPr-GFP) to screen for factors that promote vascular commitment. In phase 1 of our method, inhibition of transforming growth factor (TGF)beta at day 7 of differentiation increases hVPr-GFP(+) cells by tenfold. In phase 2, TGFbeta inhibition maintains the proliferation and vascular identity of purified endothelial cells, resulting in a net 36-fold expansion of endothelial cells in homogenous monolayers, which exhibited a transcriptional profile of Id1(high)VEGFR2(high)VE-cadherin(+) ephrinB2(+). Using an Id1-YFP hESC reporter line, we showed that TGFbeta inhibition sustains Id1 expression in hESC-derived endothelial cells and that Id1 is required for increased proliferation and preservation of endothelial cell commitment. Our approach provides a serum-free method for differentiation and long-term maintenance of hESC-derived endothelial cells at a scale relevant to clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Daylon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Hyung-song
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seandel
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: Tyler
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Janovitz
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomishima
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Studer
authors.forename: Gabsang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lyden
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benezra
authors.forename: Nikica
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zaninovic
authors.forename: Zev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rosenwaks
authors.forename: Sina Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Rabbany
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rafii
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: C497453:ID1 protein, human; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta