title: Effects of a 1-year randomized controlled trial of resistance training on lower limb bone and muscle structure and function in older men.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  A 1-year randomized controlled trial of resistance training compared with a control group was undertaken in 143 men aged 55-80 years. Although hip bone mineral density, lean body mass, and function increased in both groups, lean body mass and function but not bone density increased more in the resistance group.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have demonstrated a positive effect of resistance training on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women, but the effect in men is unclear. The aim was to examine the effect of a 1-year resistance training program on bone and lean body mass in 143 men aged 55-80 years, randomized to either resistance training or active control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resistance exercises were selected to provide loading at the hips. Measurements were taken at 0, 6, and 12 months for BMD (whole body, hip, and spine), lean body mass, strength, and functional fitness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intervention showed a significant increase in total hip BMD for both groups at 12 months (active control, 1,014-1,050 mg/cm(2); resistance, 1,045-1,054 mg/cm(2), p < 0.05) with no increased effect of resistance training compared to active control. However, compared to the active control group, the resistance group increased their lean body mass (active control, 0.1 +/- 2.1%; resistance, 1.5 +/- 2.7%, p < 0.05), fitness (active control, 4.6 +/- 11.1%; resistance, 13.0 +/- 13.4%, p < 0.05), and lower limb muscle strength (active control, 14.3 +/- 16.8%; resistance, 39.4 +/- 30.87%, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to previous findings in older women, in older men, a resistance training program does not increase hip bone mass more than walking 30 min three times a week.
authors.affiliation: Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia. j.whiteford@curtin.edu.au
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whiteford
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Ackland
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dhaliwal
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Woodhouse
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kerr
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*