title: Associations between secondhand smoke exposure and sleep patterns in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and child sleep patterns among a group of children with asthma who were exposed regularly to tobacco smoke at home.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 219 children who were enrolled in an asthma intervention trial and were exposed regularly to SHS. Serum cotinine levels were used to measure exposure to tobacco smoke, and sleep patterns were assessed through parent reports using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Covariates in adjusted analyses included gender, age, race, maternal marital status, education, and income, prenatal tobacco exposure, maternal depression, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment total score, household density, asthma severity, and use of asthma medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to SHS was associated with sleep problems, including longer sleep-onset delay (P = .004), sleep-disordered breathing (P = .02), parasomnias (P = .002), daytime sleepiness (P = .022), and overall sleep disturbance (P = .0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that exposure to SHS is associated with increased sleep problems among children with asthma.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, 3333 Burnet Ave, ML 7035, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA. kimberly.yolton@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yolton
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Succop
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lanphear
authors.forename: Dean W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Beebe
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Owens
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D020447:Parasomnias / Q000453:epidemiology; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine