title: Different cardiovascular responses to hemodialysis-induced fluid depletion and blood pressure compliance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  On the basis of cardiovascular compliance, hemodialysis (HD) patients can be classified as hypotension prone (HP) or hypotension resistant (HR).
  
  
  METHODS
  We compare the hemodynamic behavior and myocardial performances in 6 HP and 6 HR patients before and after an isolated ultrafiltration (IU) session removing 3% of total body water.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HP show higher basal plasma angiotensin II levels during IU (p<0.01), whereas angiotensin II remained unchanged in HR patients (p<0.001 between groups). The percentage changes of plasma volume (PV) was similar in the 2 groups. A significant reduction of cardiac index was observed only in the HP group (p<0.001 between groups). The mean values of heart rate remained significantly higher, whereas total peripheral resistances significantly fell in the HP in comparison with the HR group (p<0.001 between groups). During IU, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) changes were -10 +/- 3 mm Hg in the HP vs. -3.3 +/- 2 mm Hg in the HR group (p<0.001). Echocardiography data were collected before and after IU. All enrolled patients presented left ventricular hypertrophy; following IU, HP patients showed a reduction of mean left ventricular diameter (p<0.01), left atrial diameters and right atrial diameter, and a change in percentage of right atrium ejection fraction (p<0.001, p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In comparison with HR patients, HP patients before and after IU showed a defective arteriovenous tone adjustment to the PV changes, with a hemodynamic picture of abnormal sympathetic stimulation. Moreover, a reduced cardiac preload with both atrial and ventricular underfilling in these patients is at risk for a sudden drop in MAP.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Dialysis Unit EAS, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. Giorgio.graziani@humanitas.it
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Graziani
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Finazzi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mangiarotti
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Como
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fedeli
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oldani
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morganti
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Badalamenti
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D005260:Female; D018495:Fluid Shifts / Q000502:physiology*; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006463:Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology