title: Risk factors for regrowth of intracranial meningiomas after gamma knife radiosurgery: importance of the histopathological grade and MIB-1 index.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The influence of histopathological grade and MIB-1 index of intracranial meningioma on the results of its radiosurgical management is not clear. The objective of the present retrospective study was to make an evaluation of these factors along with an analysis of other variables associated with progression-free survival after gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four intracranial meningiomas with known detailed histopathological diagnosis were analyzed. Tumors of WHO histopathological grades I, II, and III were diagnosed in 24, 3, and 7 cases, respectively. The median MIB-1 index was 1.3% (range: 0-31.9%). In 14 cases the MIB-1 index was 3.0% and more. In 26 cases the treatment was done at the time of tumor recurrence. Median volume of the neoplasm at the time of GKR was 4.1 mL (range: 0.4-43.1 mL). Median marginal dose was 12 Gy (range: 8-19 Gy). Median length of follow-up constituted 63 months (range: 19-132 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Actuarial progression-free survival at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years constituted 100, 94, 83, and 58%, respectively. Histopathological grade II or III (p<0.0001), MIB-1 index 3% and more (p=0.0004), and non-skull base location (p=0.0026) of the tumor showed negative associations with progression-free survival in multivariate analyses. Actuarial progression-free survival at 5 years after GKR for benign and non-benign meningiomas constituted 100 and 45%, respectively (p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiosurgery is a highly effective management option for benign intracranial meningiomas, but growth control of non-benign ones is significantly worse. It requires close neuroradiological follow-up and necessitates the search for modified treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. knakaya@nij.twmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakaya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chernov
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kasuya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Muragaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takakura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D016634:Radiosurgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C440408:MIB-1 antibody