title: Branched-chain amino acid supplementation attenuates muscle soreness, muscle damage and inflammation during an intensive training program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper was to assess the effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on muscle soreness, muscle damage and inflammation during an intensive training program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve long-distance runners (20 + or - 1 year-old) participated in a double-blinded crossover designed study conducted during two intensive training periods (three-day). The subjects were provided either a drink containing BCAA (0.8% BCAA in a 3.5% carbohydrate solution; 2,500 mL/day) or an isocaloric placebo drink during each training period. All subjects completed the same training program (total running distance: males: 86 km, females: 64 km), and ate the same meals during the training period. Whole body muscle soreness and fatigue sensation were measured in the morning before and during the training period by Visual Analogue Scale method. Plasma creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and granulocyte elastase (GEL) levels were measured as indicators of muscle damage and inflammation before and after the training period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Muscle soreness and fatigue sensation during the training period in the BCAA trial were lower than those in the placebo trial (-32% and -24%, respectively; P<0.05). The plasma CK, LDH, and GEL levels after the training program in the BCAA trial were lower than those in the placebo trial (-21%, -6%, and -15%, respectively; P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that BCAA supplementation during an intensive training program effectively reduces the muscle soreness and fatigue sensation, and that the perceived changes could be attributed to the attenuation of muscle damage and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Saga Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koba
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyata
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010809:Physical Fitness; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase