title: Virus removal from factor IX by filtration: validation of the integrity test and effect of manufacturing process conditions.
abstract: Virus removal from a high purity factor IX, Replenine-VF, by filtration using a Planova 15N filter has been investigated. A wide range of relevant and model enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, of various sizes, were effectively removed by this procedure. Virus removal was confirmed to be effective when different batches of filter were challenged with poliovirus-1. It was confirmed that intentionally modified filters that failed the leakage test had completely lost the ability to remove virus, thus confirming that this test demonstrates gross filter failure. In the case of the more sensitive integrity test based on gold particle removal, it was found that a pre-wash step was not essential. Planova filters that had been modified by sodium hydroxide treatment to make them more permeable, and filters manufactured with varying pore-sizes over the range of 15-35 nm, were tested. The integrity test value that resulted in the removal of >4 log(10) of poliovirus-1 from the product correlated with that recommended by the filter manufacturer. Virus removal from the product was not influenced by filter load mass, flow-rate or pressure. These studies confirm the robustness of this filtration procedure and allow suitable process limits to be set for this manufacturing step.
authors.affiliation: Bio Products Laboratory, Dagger Lane, Elstree, Hertfordshire WD6 3BX, UK. peter.roberts@bpl.co.uk
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crombie
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lowery
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006224:Cricetinae; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods; D004340:Drug Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005164:Factor IX / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008420:Manufactured Materials / Q000592:standards / Q000821:virology; D008828:Microbiological Techniques / Q000592:standards*; D010316:Particle Size; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014709:Vero Cells; D014780:Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D005164:Factor IX