title: Diagnostic accuracy and limitations of fine-needle aspiration cytology of bone and soft tissue lesions: a review of 1114 cases with cytological-histological correlation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is increasingly being used as a diagnostic modality for soft tissue and bone lesions. These diagnoses can be challenging because of a variety of factors, including interpretation and sampling issues. This study investigates the diagnostic utility of FNA biopsy, in addition to the diagnostic pitfalls, in soft tissue and bone cytopathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the soft tissue and bone FNAs over a 4-year period (2004-2008), along with available ancillary studies, pathological follow-up, and clinical data. The cases with a cytologic-histologic discrepancy were then reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1114 soft tissue and bone FNAs were identified. Of the 1114 aspirates, 525 (47%) were positive for malignant cells, 505 (45.5%) were benign aspirates (including 189 benign lesions/neoplasms), 37 (3.5%) were inadequate, 34 (3%) had atypical cells, and 13 (1%) were suspicious for malignancy. Of the 586 cases (53%) with follow-up, including 445 cases with histological follow-up and 141 with ancillary studies, the overall sensitivity was 96%, the specificity was 98%, the positive predictive value was 99%, and the negative predictive value was 92%. A total of 15 false negatives and 3 false positives were identified with errors because of sampling (9 cases), interpretation (7 cases), and screening (2 cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large series demonstrates that there can be a high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing bone and soft tissue lesions by FNA. Our data supports prior studies in the literature in showing that FNA cytology can be a valuable method for diagnosing these lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Shadyside Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, USA. khalbussw2@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Walid E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Khalbuss
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Teot
authors.forename: Sara E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Monaco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult