title: Personal protection by long-lasting insecticidal hammocks against the bites of forest malaria vectors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Southeast Asia, malaria vectors bite outside the houses before bedtime, and forest dwellers rarely use insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Thus, we tested the protection of long-lasting insecticidal hammocks (LLIH) using Olyset technology against exophagic vectors in two forest villages of Cambodia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In each village, we conducted two entomological surveys (middle and end of the rainy season), each lasting 10 consecutive nights. These comprised human landing collections during the whole night by people sitting outside in the hammocks. Five households were selected per village, and for each household, two fixed positions were allocated: one for the control and one for the treated hammock.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 6449 mosquitoes were collected from control hammocks compared to 4481 in treated hammocks. Personal protection conferred by the hammocks was 46% (CI 95%: 35-55%) against the bites of Anopheles minimus. A significant reduction of An. dirus bites (46% CI 95%: 25-62%) was only observed at the end of the rainy season. An. maculatus and culicines bites were only reduced in one of the two study sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even if this LLIH is not inducing full protection against the bites of malaria vectors, it could prove effective in protecting forest workers and villagers before sleeping time. LLIH can be an additional and valuable tool in eliminating artemisinin-resistant malaria in the region.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Malaria Control, Parasitology and Entomology, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sochantha
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Van Bortel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savonnaroth
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marcotty
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Speybroeck
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coosemans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D001512:Bedding and Linens / Q000592:standards*; D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D014197:Trees
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides