title: Targeted deletion of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 attenuates hypertrophic response and promotes pressure overload-induced apoptosis in the heart.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways provide a critical connection between extrinsic and intrinsic signals to cardiac hypertrophy. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)5, an atypical MAPK is activated in the heart by pressure overload. However, the role of ERK5 plays in regulating hypertrophic growth and hypertrophy-induced apoptosis is not completely understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Herein, we investigate the in vivo role and signaling mechanism whereby ERK5 regulates cardiac hypertrophy and hypertrophy-induced apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We generated and examined the phenotypes of mice with cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of the erk5 gene (ERK5(cko)). In response to hypertrophic stress, ERK5(cko) mice developed less hypertrophic growth and fibrosis than controls. However, increased apoptosis together with upregulated expression levels of p53 and Bad were observed in the mutant hearts. Consistently, we found that silencing ERK5 expression or specific inhibition of its kinase activity using BIX02189 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) reduced myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)2 transcriptional activity and blunted hypertrophic responses. Furthermore, the inhibition of MEF2 activity in NRCMs using a non-DNA binding mutant form of MEF2 was found to attenuate the ERK5-regulated hypertrophic response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results reveal an important function of ERK5 in cardiac hypertrophic remodeling and cardiomyocyte survival. The role of ERK5 in hypertrophic remodeling is likely to be mediated via the regulation of MEF2 activity.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, CTF Building, 46 Grafton St, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tomomi E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Jiawei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zi
authors.forename: Sukhpal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prehar
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Delvac
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oceandy
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neyses
authors.forename: Arthur H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Cartwright
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005355:Fibrosis; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D048054:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D034622:RNA Interference; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; C533207:BIX 02189; D007211:Indoles; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D048054:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7