title: Anti-inflammatory intestinal activity of Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & Grimes in TNBS colitis model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the anti-inflammatory effect of butanolic fraction of methanolic extract from bark of Abarema cochliacarpos in acute ulcerative colitis model induced by intracolonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Abarema cochliacarpos (100 and 150mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage 48, 24 and 1h prior to the induction of colitis with 10mg/kg of TNBS and, 24h later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phytochemical studies by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) revealed that catechins were a major component into condensate class of tannins. Treatment with Abarema cochliacarpos decreased significantly macroscopic damage as compared with TNBS (p<0.05). Histological analysis showed that both doses of the extract improved the microscopic structure and preserved some areas of the colonic mucosa structure. In addition, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), as a marker of neutrophil infiltration, was decreased in a dose-dependent way (p<0.01 and p<0.001 respectively), TNF-alpha level was also diminished with the highest dose of the extract (p<0.001) and, IL-10 level obtained no significant results. In order to elucidate some of the mechanisms, expression of inducible inflammatory enzymes, such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were studied showing a significant reduction. Finally, the involvement of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling demonstrated a reduction in the JNK activation with the highest dose (p<0.05 vs TNBS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown for the first time that the extracts obtained from Abarema cochliacarpos bark possess active substances, which exert marked protective effects in acute experimental colitis, confirming and justifying, at least in part, the popular use of this plant to treat gastrointestinal diseases.
authors.affiliation: Campinas State University, Departamento de Anatomia, Biologia Celular e Fisiologia e Biofísica-IB, cp 6109, CEP 13083-970, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil. mariasilene@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Maria Silene
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Fidalgo
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Talero
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cárdeno
authors.forename: Marcelo Aparecido
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Wagner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Villegas
authors.forename: Alba Regina Monteiro
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Souza Brito
authors.forename: Catalina Alarcón
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de La Lastra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases