title: Molecular typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Sofia in Australia by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and repetitive element PCR typing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we used two molecular fingerprinting methods to investigate the genetic and clonal relationship shared by Australian Salmonella Sofia isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 84 Australian Salm. Sofia isolates from various states in Australia were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (XbaI and SpeI) and repetitive element PCR (REP1R-I primer). The previous problem of DNA degradation of Salm. Sofia strains was solved by modifying the lysis solution used to treat the bacterial plugs, allowing Salm. Sofia to be subtyped using PFGE. Molecular typing of isolates resulted in the generation of eight XbaI, six SpeI and five REP1 pattern profiles. Individual typing methods showed low discrimination index values (<0·5), indicating the poor discriminatory ability of the methods. However, the combination of the typing methods was able to improve the discrimination of isolates, further dividing them into 16 subtypes and raising the index value to 0·721.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of typing methods was shown to be the best approach to fingerprint Salm. Sofia. The Australian Salm. Sofia isolates only showed limited genetic diversity and probably share a clonal relationship. A majority of the Salm. Sofia isolates were not geographically restricted with the predominant pattern subtype observed amongst the isolates from various states.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have successfully devised a PFGE protocol that counteracts DNase activity of Salm. Sofia, enabling typing of this serovar.
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University (Bundoora West), Bundoora, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Smooker
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Coloe
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field / Q000379:methods*; D058889:Molecular Typing / Q000379:methods*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial