title: Failure of cathodal direct current stimulation to improve fine motor control in musician's dystonia.
abstract: Musician's dystonia (MD) is a task-specific movement disorder with a loss of voluntary motor control in highly trained movements. Defective inhibition on different levels of the central nervous system is involved in its pathophysiology. Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) diminishes excitability of the motor cortex and improves performance in overlearned tasks in healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ctDCS improves fine motor control in MD. Professional guitarists (n = 10) with MD played exercises before, directly after ctDCS, and 60 min after ctDCS. ctDCS (2 mA, 20 min) was applied on the primary motor cortex contralateral to the affected hand. Guitar exercises were video-documented and symptoms were evaluated by three independent experts. No beneficial effect of ctDCS on fine motor control was found for the entire group. However, motor control of one guitarist improved after stimulation. This patient suffered from arm dystonia, whereas the other guitarists suffered from hand dystonia.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, University of Music and Drama, Hanover, Germany.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buttkus
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weidenmüller
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Hans-Christian
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jabusch
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nitsche
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.forename: Eckart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Altenmüller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004566:Electrodes; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009146:Music