title: A gamma camera count rate saturation correction method for whole-body planar imaging.
abstract: Whole-body (WB) planar imaging has long been one of the staple methods of dosimetry, and its quantification has been formalized by the MIRD Committee in pamphlet no 16. One of the issues not specifically addressed in the formalism occurs when the count rates reaching the detector are sufficiently high to result in camera count saturation. Camera dead-time effects have been extensively studied, but all of the developed correction methods assume static acquisitions. However, during WB planar (sweep) imaging, a variable amount of imaged activity exists in the detector's field of view as a function of time and therefore the camera saturation is time dependent. A new time-dependent algorithm was developed to correct for dead-time effects during WB planar acquisitions that accounts for relative motion between detector heads and imaged object. Static camera dead-time parameters were acquired by imaging decaying activity in a phantom and obtaining a saturation curve. Using these parameters, an iterative algorithm akin to Newton's method was developed, which takes into account the variable count rate seen by the detector as a function of time. The algorithm was tested on simulated data as well as on a whole-body scan of high activity Samarium-153 in an ellipsoid phantom. A complete set of parameters from unsaturated phantom data necessary for count rate to activity conversion was also obtained, including build-up and attenuation coefficients, in order to convert corrected count rate values to activity. The algorithm proved successful in accounting for motion- and time-dependent saturation effects in both the simulated and measured data and converged to any desired degree of precision. The clearance half-life calculated from the ellipsoid phantom data was calculated to be 45.1 h after dead-time correction and 51.4 h with no correction; the physical decay half-life of Samarium-153 is 46.3 h. Accurate WB planar dosimetry of high activities relies on successfully compensating for camera saturation which takes into account the variable activity in the field of view, i.e. time-dependent dead-time effects. The algorithm presented here accomplishes this task.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baechler
authors.forename: Srinivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senthamizhchelvan
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Prideaux
authors.forename: Caroline E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Esaias
authors.forename: Melvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Loeb
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sgouros
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D015902:Gamma Cameras; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D013997:Time Factors