title: Interspecific variation of Delta1,6-piperideines in imported fire ants.
abstract: Delta(1,6)-piperideines have been recently reported in the venom of the red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren and the black imported fire ants, Solenopsis richteri Forel. However, they have never been quantified in either species. Furthermore, there is no information available about those piperideines in the hybrid imported fire ants (S. invicta x S. richteri). The abundance of six Delta(1,6)-piperideines was investigated in both species and their hybrid using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). They include 2-methyl-6-tridecenyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-pentadecenyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-heptadecenyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-tridecyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-pentadecyl-6-piperideine, and 2-methyl-6-heptadecyl-6-piperideine. S. invicta produced all six Delta(1,6)-piperideines, whereas, S. richteri did not produce 2-methyl-6-heptadecenyl-6-piperideine and 2-methyl-6-heptadecyl-6-piperideine. The Delta(1,6)-piperideine profiles of the hybrid was similar to that of S. richteri, except trace amounts of 2-methyl-6-heptadecenyl-6-piperideine and 2-methyl-6-heptadecyl-6-piperideine were found in some of the samples. The ratio of 2-methyl-6-pentadecenyl-6-piperideine to 2-methyl-6-pentadecyl-6-piperideine (C(15:1)/C(15:0)) was significantly different among two species and their hybrid. In addition to Delta(1,6)-piperideines, hybrid workers also contained significantly more piperidines than their parent species. This is the first evidence of heterosis of imported fire ants in venom production.
authors.affiliation: Biological Control of Pests Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. jian.chen@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hanwu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Xixuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000862:Ant Venoms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D001000:Ants / Q000502:physiology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006823:Hybrid Vigor / Q000235:genetics; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D010880:Piperidines / Q000032:analysis*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000862:Ant Venoms; D010880:Piperidines