title: Protein p 16INK4A expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix.
abstract: The association of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is well recognized. Interaction of HPV oncogenic proteins with cellular regulatory proteins leads to up regulation of p16 INK4A , a CDK inhibitor, which is a biomarker for HPV infection. We investigated p16 expression in CIN and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) which has not been reported in the Indian population previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 100 cases with 20 cases each of histologically normal cervical epithelium, CIN1, 2, 3 and invasive SCC for p16 expression was performed by immunohistochemistry using commercially available mouse monoclonal antibody to p16 (clone 6H12).
  
  
  METHODS
  For differences in expression among groups, statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA and post hoc test of Scheffe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  p16 immunoreactivity was found to be both nuclear and/or cytoplasmic. The normal cervical epithelium was predominantly negative for p16 (18/20). There was a progressive increase of p16 expression with the grade of CIN. In CIN 1, two cases (20%) showed nuclear and nucleocytoplasmic positivity respectively. In contrast, diffuse strong nuclear or nucleocytoplasmic expression was observed in 45 and 55% cases of CIN 2 and CIN 3 respectively. All except one squamous cell carcinoma stained strongly positive for p16. The difference in expression between CIN 2/3 and SCC versus normal cervix was found highly significant (p is equal to 0.008 and p less than 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  p16 expression correlates excellently with the grade of CIN and is a sensitive marker of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytology and Gynecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Ruchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Radhika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Raje
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nijhawan
authors.forename: Vanita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.forename: Radha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uppal
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007194:India; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16