title: Changes in Weight, cardiovascular risk factors and estimated risk of coronary heart disease following smoking cessation in Japanese male workers: HIPOP-OHP study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is well established that people gain weight after smoking cessation; however, changes in cardiovascular risk factors and the estimated risk of coronary heart disease following smoking cessation have yet to be fully clarified.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 1,995 Japanese male workers at 11 workplaces who participated continuously in the High-risk and Population Strategy for Occupational Health Promotion (HIPOPOHP) study. Participants with a smoking habit had cardiovascular risk factors measured at baseline and over a 4-yr period. Their estimated incidence risk of coronary heart disease was calculated by a formula based on a previous cohort study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful abstainers who had stopped smoking for at least 6 months at the end of the follow-up period had weight gains of approximately 2 kg. These subjects had significant worsening of the following factors compared to continuing smokers: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting blood sugar levels. In contrast, HDL-cholesterol levels improved significantly. When the overall instantaneous incidence risk of coronary heart disease prior to smoking cessation was assumed to be 1.00, the estimated risk was 0.76 (95%CI: 0.68-0.85) in successful abstainers due mainly to smoking cessation, despite weight gain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although smoking cessation leads to weight gain, the estimated risk of coronary heart disease was decreased markedly by smoking cessation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
authors.forename: Unai
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Taichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamato
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okayama
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueshima
authors.forename: Zentaro
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yamagata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids