title: Inhibition of proliferation of prostate cancer cell line, PC-3, in vitro and in vivo using (-)-gossypol.
abstract: We investigated the antiproliferative activity of (-)-gossypol on the human prostate cancer cell line PC3 in vitro and in vivo to elucidate its potential molecular mechanisms. Cell growth and viability were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) and electron microscopy. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-2, CD31, caspase-3 and caspase-8 in tumour tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. The drug concentration that yielded 50% cell inhibition (IC(50) value) was 4.74 microg mL(-1). In the PC-3 tumour xenograft study, (-)-gossypol (> 5 mg kg(-1)) given once a day for 7 days significantly inhibited tumour growth in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that (-)-gossypol enhanced caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression and decreased the expression of PCNA, Bcl-2 and CD31 in tumour tissues. It suggested that cell apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis might contribute to the anticancer action of (-)-gossypol.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710038, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shi-Jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Qun-Xing
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Ai-Jun
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dao-Cheng
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003272:Contraceptive Agents, Male / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006072:Gossypol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D055806:Microvessels / Q000187:drug effects; D008871:Microvilli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003272:Contraceptive Agents, Male; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D006072:Gossypol