title: The clinical and neuroimaging studies in Holmes tremor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Holmes tremor (HT) is a combination of rest, postural and action tremor. A parallel dysfunction of cerebello-thalamic and nigrostriatal pathways seems necessary to produce this kind of tremor. We present the clinical and neuroimaging study verifying that hypothesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10 patients: five male, five female, fulfilling consensus criteria were included. Demographic, clinical and neuroimaging data (MRI = 9; CT = 1, SPECT with the use of 123-I-FP CIT: DaTSCAN in six patients to assess the presynaptic dopaminergic nigrostriatal system involvement, indices of asymmetry for ligand uptake for each striatum were calculated) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemorrhage was the most frequent etiology and thalamus - the most commonly involved structure. Contrary to the previous reports, the visual assessment did not reveal remarkable interhemispheric differences of DaTSCAN uptake. Quantitative measurements showed only minimal differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is open to debate whether nigrostriatal pathway damage is crucial for the phenomenology of HT. Alternative hypothesis is presented that HT represents the heterogeneous spectrum of tremors with similar phenomenology, but different pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, Medical University, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gajos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bogucki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schinwelski
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sołtan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rudzińska
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Budrewicz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koszewicz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Górska-Chrząstek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bieńkiewicz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuśmierek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sławek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014202:Tremor / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014326:Tropanes
chemical_list: D014326:Tropanes; C087552:2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane