title: The role of ¹⁸fluoro-deoxy glucose combined position emission and computed tomography in the clinical management of anal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is uncommon in the western world but continues to increase in incidence. Optimal treatment and outcome are dependent upon pretreatment staging strategies. We evaluate the role of ¹⁸fluoro-deoxyglucose (¹⁸FDG) combined position emission and computed tomography (PETCT) in the management of anal SCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a histologically confirmed anal SCC underwent standard staging investigations, including computed tomography, Magnetic resonance imaging and examination under anaesthetic. A tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) system was used. All patients subsequently underwent additional whole-body ¹⁸FDG PETCT scanning. Management was planned accordingly, blinded to ¹⁸FDG PETCT findings, at a multidisciplinary meeting, and reviewed again following disclosure of PETCT results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty patients (24 men), with a median age of 57 years (range 38-87 years), were prospectively recruited. All primary tumours were ¹⁸FDG avid. PETCT did not alter the T stage but did result in disease upstaging (N and M stages). Management was altered in five (12.5%) patients: one patient was identified to have an isolated distant metastasis, and four patients had ¹⁸FDG-avid lymph nodes not otherwise detected, all of which were tumour-positive on fine needle aspiration cytology/biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PETCT upstages anal SCC and influences subsequent management. PETCT should be considered in the staging of anal SCC, although the definitive benefit of such a strategy requires further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal and Laparoscopic Surgery Department of Clinical Oncology Department of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK. alecengledow@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Engledow
authors.forename: J R A
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Skipworth
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blackman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Groves
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bomanji
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ell
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Boulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18