title: Treadmill training for patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treadmill training is used in rehabilitation and is described as improving gait parameters of patients with Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of treadmill training in improving the gait function of patients with Parkinson's disease and the acceptability and safety of this type of therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Movement Disorders Group Specialised Register (see Review Group details for more information) (last searched March 2009), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2009, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1950 to March 2009), and EMBASE (1980 to March 2009).We also handsearched relevant conference proceedings, searched trials and research registers, and checked reference lists (last searched March 2009). We contacted trialists, experts and researchers in the field and manufacturers of commercial devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included randomised controlled trials comparing treadmill training with no treadmill training in patients with Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted the trialists for additional information. We analysed the results as standardised mean differences (SMDs) and mean differences (MDs) for continuous variables and relative risk differences (RD) for dichotomous variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included eight trials (203 participants) in this review. Treadmill training improved gait speed (SMD 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17 to 0.84; P = 0.003; I(2) = 0%) (fixed-effect model), stride length (SMD 0.42; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.84; P = 0.05; I(2) = 0%), walking distance (MD = 358 metres; 95% CI 289 to 426; P < 0.0001; I(2) = 30%), but cadence did not improve (MD 1.06; 95% CI -4.32 to 6.44; P = 0.70; I(2) = 0%) at the end of study. Treadmill training did not increase the risk of patients dropping out (RD -0.07; 95% CI -0.18 to 0.05; P = 0.26; I(2) = 51%) (random-effects model). Adverse events were not reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with Parkinson's disease who receive treadmill training are more likely to improve their impaired gait hypokinesia. However, the results must be interpreted with caution because there were variations between the trials in patient characteristics, the duration and amount of training, and types of treatment. Additionally, it is not known how long these improvements may last.
authors.affiliation: Wissenschaftliches Institut, Private Europäische Medizinische Akademie der Klinik Bavaria in Kreischa GmbH, An der Wolfsschlucht 1-2, Kreischa, Germany, 01731.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mehrholz
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Friis
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kugler
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Twork
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Storch
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pohl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic