title: Are sexual problems more common in women who have had a tubal ligation? A population-based study of Australian women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether women who have had a tubal ligation are more likely to experience sexual problems than other women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based telephone survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Australia-wide, including cities, regional towns, and rural areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3448 Australian women aged between 16 and 64 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were surveyed using random-digit dialling throughout 2004 and 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of sexual problems and ratings of sexual satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and sexual pleasure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From a weighted sample of 2721 women, 447 (16.4%) reported having had a tubal ligation, with 85.0% currently aged between 40 and 64 years. Having a tubal ligation was not associated with any specific sexual problem, such as physical pain during sex or an inability to reach orgasm. In fact, after controlling for age and other sociodemographic differences, sterilised women were significantly less likely than non-sterilised women to lack an interest in having sex (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54-0.89), to take 'too long' to reach orgasm (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.96), to experience vaginal dryness during sex (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50-0.96), and to find sex unpleasurable (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46-0.90). Sterilised women were also more likely to experience extremely high levels of sexual satisfaction (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.27-2.18), relationship satisfaction (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.01-1.67), and sexual pleasure (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.20-2.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest no adverse effects, and possibly some benefits, for the sexual lives of women undergoing tubal ligation. These findings should be included with other educational material for couples considering sterilisation as a contraception option.
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health & Society, La Trobe University, 215 Franklin Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia. anthony.smith@latrobe.edu.au
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richters
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pitts
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shelley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult