title: The effect of parasitism on the population dynamics of the macadamia nutborer Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
abstract: Biological control on crop infesting insects represent an useful method in modem agriculture. A search for parasitoids of the macadamia nutborer was carried out during a three year study, and their effect on the population fluctuation of the borer was determined. An egg parasitoid belonging to the family Trichogrammatidae and four larval parasitoids, Microgastrine I, Microgastrine II, Ascogaster sp. (Hymeoptera: Braconidae) and Pristomerus sp. (Hymeoptera: Ichneumonidae) were recovered. Parasitism percentage by Microgastrine I was 15% in 1991, 16% in 1992 and 4% in 1993; Microgastrine II was not collected in 1991, but accounted for a 4.3% of parasitism in 1992 and 3.7% in 1993; Ascogaster sp. was registered since 1992 with 3% parasitism (29% in 1993). We found an inverse relationship between total parasitism and the mean of damaged nuts. Parasitoids play an important role in the reduction of the G. aurantianum population.
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Research Centre (CIPROC), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. helgablanco@gmail.com
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blanco-Metzler
authors.forename: Allan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cosens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000502:physiology*; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology; D039106:Macadamia / Q000469:parasitology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012621:Seasons