title: What is "Twang"?
abstract: A single female professional vocal artist and pedagogue sang examples of "twang" and neutral voice quality, which a panel of experts classified, in almost complete agreement with the singer's intentions. Subglottal pressure was measured as the oral pressure during the occlusion during the syllable /pae/. This pressure tended to be higher in "twang," whereas the sound pressure level (SPL) was invariably higher. Voice source properties and formant frequencies were analyzed by inverse filtering. In "twang," as compared with neutral, the closed quotient was greater, the pulse amplitude and the fundamental were weaker, and the normalized amplitude tended to be lower, whereas formants 1 and 2 were higher and 3 and 5 were lower. The formant differences, which appeared to be the main cause of the SPL differences, were more important than the source differences for the perception of "twanginess." As resonatory effects occur independently of the voice source, the formant frequencies in "twang" may reflect a vocal strategy that is advantageous from the point of view of vocal hygiene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Music Hearing, School of Computer Science and Communication, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden. pjohan@speech.kth.se
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundberg
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thalén
mesh_terms: D001307:Auditory Perception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000502:physiology*; D009146:Music; D010699:Phonation; D011312:Pressure; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014732:Vibration; D014833:Voice Quality