title: Leptin promotes gastric ulcer healing via upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Leptin, a key hormone in regulation of food intake and energy expenditure, exerts pleiotropic cytokine-like biological effects. Its role in gastric ulcer healing is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of leptin in gastric ulcer healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental gastric ulcer was induced by focal serosal application of acetic acid in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and wild-type mice. Healing of gastric ulcer and angiogenesis in the ulcer tissue was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastric ulcer healing was delayed in ob/ob mice compared with that in wild-type mice. The impairment of ulcer healing observed in ob/ob mice was characterized by reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and impairment of angiogenesis. Systemic administration of leptin to ob/ob mice reversed the impairment of gastric ulcer healing; this reversal was accompanied by an increase in VEGF expression and angiogenesis. Although mRNA for leptin was not expressed in normal gastric mucosa and not induced in ulcerous tissue, leptin receptor expression was markedly upregulated in gastric epithelial cells at ulcer margins, and was colocalized with VEGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that leptin promotes gastric ulcer healing by induction of angiogenesis in the granular tissue of ulcers via upregulation of VEGF expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. ttanigawa @ med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanigawa
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nadatani
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamagami
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Nobuhide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oshitani
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D020738:Leptin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A