title: Concurrent autoimmune diseases in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the pathomechanisms of autoimmune diseases in various organs remain unresolved, an accumulation of autoimmune diseases in individual patients has been observed. An overlap of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) or primary sclerosing cirrhosis has been well documented. However, the overlap of autoimmune diseases other than PBC or PSC has not yet been investigated in a large cohort.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of our analysis was to investigate the incidence of concurrent autoimmune diseases in patients with AIH.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed our cohort of 278 patients with AIH for concurrent autoimmune diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 111 patients (40%) were diagnosed with additional autoimmune diseases. Besides overlap syndromes for PBC and PSC, autoimmune thyroiditis was the most common concurrent disease (28 patients, 10%). Other concurrent autoimmune diseases comprised vitiligo (5 patients), rheumatoid arthritis (5 patients), Sjogren syndrome (4 patients), ulcerative colitis (4 patients), conjunctivitis (4 patients), celiac disease (3 patients), systemic lupus erythematodes (2 patients), type I diabetes (2 patients), multiple sclerosis (2 patients), polymyalgia rheumatica (2 patients), and urticaria (2 patients). One patient each was diagnosed with Crohn's disease, autoimmune gastritis, collagenous colitis, hypophysitis, and sarcoidosis. Investigating 100 patients with polyglandular syndrome and autoimmune thyroid disease for the occurrence of autoantibodies associated with AIH, we identified AIH-associated antibodies only in 1 patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concurrent autoimmune diseases are common in patients with AIH and mirror the full range of known autoimmune diseases. Therefore, an extended diagnostic screening for accumulating autoimmune diseases, especially autoimmune thyroiditis, seems reasonable in patients with AIH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teufel
authors.forename: Arndt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weinmann
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kahaly
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Centner
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piendl
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wörns
authors.forename: Ansgar W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Lohse
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Galle
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanzler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019693:Hepatitis, Autoimmune / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies