Cell type-specific regulation of IL-10 expression in inflammation and disease.
IL-10 plays an essential part in controlling inflammation and instructing adaptive immune responses. Consequently, dysregulation of IL-10 is linked with susceptibility to numerous infectious and autoimmune diseases in mouse models and in humans. It has become increasingly clear that appropriate temporal/spatial expression of IL-10 may be the key to how IL-10 contributes to the delicate balance between inflammation and immunoregulation. The mechanisms that govern the cell type- and receptor-specific induction of IL-10, however, remain unclear. This is due largely to the wide distribution of cellular sources that express IL-10 under diverse stimulation conditions and in a variety of tissue compartments. Further complicating the issue is the fact that human IL-10 expression patterns appear to be under genetic influence resulting in differential expression and disease susceptibility. In this review, we discuss the cellular sources of IL-10, their link to disease phenotypes and the molecular mechanisms implicated in IL-10 regulation.
Hedrich
Christian M
CM
W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Room E5624, Baltimore, MD 21205-1901, USA.
Bream
Jay H
JH
D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D016753:Interleukin-10