title: The impact of positive surgical margins on mortality following radical prostatectomy during the prostate specific antigen era.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The presence of a positive surgical margin at radical prostatectomy has been linked to an increased risk of postoperative biochemical recurrence. We evaluated the impact of margin status on subsequent clinical progression and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of 11,729 patients who underwent prostatectomy between 1990 and 2006. Survival was estimated for patients with vs without a positive margin and compared using the log rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the impact of margin status on survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall 3,651 (31.1%) men were identified with a positive margin. Median postoperative followup was 8.2 years (IQR 4.4, 12.1). The 10-year biochemical recurrence-free rate for patients with and without a positive margin was 56% and 77%, respectively (p <0.001), while 10-year local recurrence-free survival was 89% vs 95% (p <0.001). Margin status also stratified systemic progression-free survival (93% vs 97%, p <0.001), cancer specific survival (96% vs 99%, p <0.001) and overall survival (83% vs 88%, p <0.001). On multivariate analysis the presence of a positive margin was associated with increased risk of biochemical recurrence (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.47-1.80, p <0.0001), local recurrence (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.45-2.19, p <0.0001) and receipt of salvage therapy (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.58-2.02, p <0.0001) but was not a significant predictor of systemic progression (p = 0.95), cancer specific death (p = 0.15) or overall mortality (p = 0.16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of a positive margin increased the risk of biochemical recurrence, local recurrence and the need for salvage treatment but was not independently associated with systemic progression, cancer specific death or overall mortality. These results should be considered when evaluating patients for adjuvant therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Boorjian
authors.forename: R Jeffrey
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Karnes
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Crispen
authors.forename: Rachel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Laureano J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Rangel
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bergstralh
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Blute
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen