title: Renal function in minahasanese patients with chronic gout arthritis and tophi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine renal function and factors that influence reduction in renal function among Minahasanese with chronic gout arthritis and tophi.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a descriptive cross-sectional study where study subjects are recruited using multi-stage sampling. The data are descriptively processed using T-test, Pearson correlates, and multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of mild, moderate, and severe reductions in renal function in Minahasanese with chronic gout arthritis and tophi were as follows: 25 patients (69.7%), 7 patients (19.5%), and 5 patients (11%). According to Pearson correlation, only urinary uric acid excretion (r=0.626, p=0.000). The same findings were found using multiple regression, only urinary uric acid excretion is significant (p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most Minahasanese with chronic gout arthritis and tophi suffer from a mild reduction in renal function associated with the amount of uric acid excreted in the urine, but not associated with age, serum uric acid level, duration of gout arthritis, or tophi. Correlation with duration of gout arthritis, or tophi. Correlation with hypertension and use of NSAID are not evident in this study.
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University/ Prof. dr. Kandou Central General Hospital, Manado.
authors.forename: Candra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wibowo
authors.forename: A M C Karema
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kaparang
authors.forename: Emma Sy
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Moeis
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kapojos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015210:Arthritis, Gouty / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005006:Ethnicity; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid; D003404:Creatinine