title: Application and evaluation of a new passive sampler for measuring average solute concentrations in a catchment scale water quality monitoring study.
abstract: We present a field based testing, optimization, and evaluation study of the SorbiCell sampler (SC-sampler); a new passive sampling technique that measures average concentrations over longer periods of time (days to months) for various substances. We tested the SC-sampler within a catchment-scale monitoring study of NO(3) and P concentrations in surface water and tile drain effluent. Based on our field experiences, we optimized the flow velocity control and the sample volume capacity of the SC-samplers. The SC-samplers were capable of reproducing the NO(3) concentration levels and the seasonal patterns that were observed with weekly conventional grab sampling and continuous water quality measurements. Furthermore, we demonstrated that average measurements produce more consistent load estimates than "snapshot" concentrations from grab sampling. Therefore, when the purpose of a monitoring program is to estimate reliable (trends in) average concentrations or loads, the SC-samplers are a cost-effective alternative for grab sampling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands. joachim.rozenmeijer@deltares.nl
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rozemeijer
authors.forename: Y P E
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: van der Velde
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Jonge
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Geer
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Broers
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bierkens
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis*; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical