title: Trends in nephropathy among HIV-infected patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephropathy complicates the course and adversely impacts on the prognosis of HIV-infected patients. We examined trends and correlates of all-cause nephropathy (ACN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlates of and trends in ACN were examined in the entire Adult/Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease longitudinal observational cohort. Patients were enrolled and followed in the cohort for a median period of 3 years between January 1990 and December 2003 in 11 US metropolitan areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of ACN rose among HIV-infected individuals through the mid-1990s, then declined. The proportion of patients with ACN at the time of death increased over the study period. Black race, injection-drug use (IDU), indinavir, hypertension, diabetes, decreased CD4+ lymphocyte count, increased viral load, and increased age were all highly associated with ACN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nephropathy represents an important health disparity impacting HIV-infected blacks and IDU with implications for mortality.
authors.affiliation: HIV/AIDS Program, Prevention Division, Public Health-Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington, USA. susan.buskin@kingcounty.gov
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Buskin
authors.forename: Mauro S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Torno
authors.forename: Deborah F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Talkington
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Jay C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: McNaghten
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dworkin
mesh_terms: D016263:AIDS-Associated Nephropathy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D019562:Viral Load