title: Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in duodenal ulcer and gastro-duodenal ulcer diseases in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori-negative duodenal ulcer (DU) is increasing in Western countries but is rare in Japan. We aimed to examine the prevalence of H. pylori infection and the characteristics in DU and gastro-duodenal ulcer (GDU) diseases in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with an endoscopic diagnosis of DU or GDU from September 2003 to May 2004 at Taipei Veterans General Hospital were included. Rapid urease test was done for all patients, while urea breath test was carried out on those with negative rapid urease tests. A patient was considered infected if either test was positive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of H. pylori was 88.7% (555/626) in DU and 90.5% (95/105) in GDU patients. There was no difference in sex and prevalence of H. pylori between the two groups but age was higher in the GDU patients (60.1 +/- 15.5 vs. 55.4 +/- 15.5, P = 0.005). Of H. pylori-negative DU patients, 28.2% (20/71) reported using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)/aspirin, which were used by all 10 H. pylori-negative GDU patients (100%) (P < 0.001). There was no difference in sex and age between H. pylori-positive and negative DU patients. The prevalence rate of H. pylori in DU was not statistically different among outpatients, inpatients, and physical check-up subjects (86.8% vs. 93.3% vs. 90.7%, P = 0.163).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of H. pylori infection in DU appears to be decreasing in Taiwan. Thus, eradication therapy without confirming the presence of H. pylori in DU patients cannot be recommended. NSAIDs/aspirin is the major risk factor for H. pylori-negative DU patients, especially those with co-morbid gastric ulcer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. tschen@vghtpe.gov.tw
authors.forename: Tseng-Shing
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jiing-Chyuan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Full-Young
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects; D001944:Breath Tests; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin