title: Quality of life in the five years after intensive care: a cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data on quality of life beyond 2 years after intensive care discharge are limited and we aimed to explore this area further. Our objective was to quantify quality of life and health utilities in the 5 years after intensive care discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective longitudinal cohort study in a University Hospital in the UK. Quality of life was assessed from the period before ICU admission until 5 years and quality adjusted life years calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  300 level 3 intensive care patients of median age 60.5 years and median length of stay 6.7 days, were recruited. Physical quality of life fell to 3 months (P = 0.003), rose back to pre-morbid levels at 12 months then fell again from 2.5 to 5 years after intensive care (P = 0.002). Mean physical scores were below the population norm at all time points but the mean mental scores after 6 months were similar to those population norms. The utility value measured using the EuroQOL-5D quality of life assessment tool (EQ-5D) at 5 years was 0.677. During the five years after intensive care unit, the cumulative quality adjusted life years were significantly lower than that expected for the general population (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensive care unit admission is associated with a high mortality, a poor physical quality of life and a low quality adjusted life years gained compared to the general population for 5 years after discharge. In this group, critical illness associated with ICU admission should be treated as a life time diagnosis with associated excess mortality, morbidity and the requirement for ongoing health care support.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada. brian.cuthbertson@sunnybrook.ca
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Cuthbertson
authors.forename: Siân
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roughton
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jenkinson
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maclennan
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vale
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D006113:United Kingdom