title: Effects of biofilm treatments on the multi-species Lubbock chronic wound biofilm model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of several biofilm effectors in inhibiting biofilm formation in an in vitro multi-species chronic wound biofilm model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm (LCWB) model has been described in detail elsewhere. Pathogens used in the model are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. These are three of the most important species associated with biofilms. Here, the model was exposed to the following biofilm effectors: xylitol, salicylic acid, farnesol, erythritol and two proprietary, semi-solid, wound-dressing formulations currently under development (Sanguitec gels).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biofilm formation was completely inhibited in the LCWB model following treatment with 20% xylitol, 10% erythritol, 1,000 microg/ml farnesol, 20mM salicylic acid or 0.1% of either of the two Sanguitec gel formulations. Salicylic acid specifically inhibited S. aureus (p<0.01) at 10mM and 20mM, consequently increasing the ratios of P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis within the biofilm. Xylitol had an increasing inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa (p<0.01) at all concentrations evaluated. Erythritol had an inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus growth (p<0.01) at over 5% concentrations. The inhibitory effect of both Sanguitec gel formulations was more broadly effective, with an increasingly inhibitory effect on all LCWB species (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LCWB model provides a multi-species format with which to evaluate the effect of biofilm effectors on wound flora in a biofilm phenotype. These results suggest that different treatments can target specific populations within a biofilm. Salicylic acid preferentially targeted S. aureus, xylitol preferentially targeted P. aeruginosa, while erythritol preferentially targeted both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. In contrast, the two Sanguitec gel formulations provided a broad, less preferential, inhibition of biofilm development.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Research and Testing Laboratory is a for-profit enterprise that develops molecular methods and performs service research work on biofilms. Sanguitec gel was developed by JPK and CEJ.
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture ARS Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, Texas, USA. sdowd@lbk.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Dowd
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolcott
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D017192:Skin Diseases, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents