title: A rare case of isolated duodenal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma associated with p53 and ki-67 expression: a case report.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary tumor of the liver worldwide. The incidence of HCC is increasing in North America secondary to rises in chronic liver disease from alcohol abuse and viral hepatitis. HCC most commonly metastasizes hematogenously or through lymphatics to the lungs and regional lymph nodes. Involvement of small bowel is rare and typically results from direct invasion and extension. We examined the molecular features related to this extremely rare case of isolated duodenal metastasis of HCC and noted p53 and Ki-67 positive staining. Here, we review the possible molecular and immunohistochemical studies that may aid definitive diagnosis and the evidence for the management of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 600 W10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 4E6, Canada.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jaber
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Al Ali
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Alan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Isabella T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Tai