title: Immunomodulatory effects of zerumbone isolated from roots of Zingiber zerumbet.
abstract: In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of zerumbone isolated from Zingiber zerumbet were investigated by evaluating the effects of this compound towards the lymphocytes proliferation (mice thymocytes, mice splenocytes and human human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMC), cell cycle progression and cytokine (interleukin 2 and 12) induction. Lymphocyte proliferation assay showed that zerumbone was able to activate mice thymocytes, splenocytes and PBMC at dosage dependent pattern where the best concentration was 7.5 microg/ml. Flow cytometry analysis showed the highest population of PBMC entered into G2/M phase after treatment for 72 h with 7.5 microg/ml zerumbone. The production of human interleukin-2 and human interleukin-12 cytokines in culture supernatant from zerumbone activated lymphocytes was prominently upregulated at 24 hour and decreased from 48 h to 72 h. The above results indicate that zerumbone can be used as immunomodulatory agent which can react toward the immune cell cytokine production in dosage dependent pattern.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yeap Swee
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Keong
authors.forename: Noorjahan Banu
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Alitheen
authors.forename: Shuhaimi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: Suraini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdul Aziz
authors.forename: Mashitoh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdul Rahman
authors.forename: Abdul Manaf
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018517:Plant Roots; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects; D019862:Zingiberales
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007376:Interleukin-2; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D018664:Interleukin-12; C403304:zerumbone