title: Effects of endogenous glucocorticoids on allergic inflammation and T(H)1 /T(H)2 balance in airway allergic disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glucocorticoids play an important role in modulating allergic inflammation and immune response. However, little is known about the role of endogenous glucocorticoids in airway allergic disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of endogenous glucocorticoids on regulating allergic inflammation and T(H)1/T(H)2 balance in an airway allergic murine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ovalbumin-sensitized murine model was established by intraperitoneal injection sensitization and intranasal challenge with ovalbumin. Glucocorticoid release was inhibited by administration of metyrapone, and the peripheral glucocorticoid receptors were blocked by administration of RU486. The numbers of eosinophils in the lung, peripheral blood, and bone marrow were quantified. The changes in T(H)2/T(H)1 cells were investigated by flow cytometry, and their cytokines were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, including interleukin 4, interleukin 5, and interferon gamma, in the supernatant of the spleen cell culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhibition of endogenous glucocorticoids caused more sneezing and further increased eosinophil counts in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of the sensitized mice. However, by inhibition of endogenous glucocorticoids, the interferon gamma levels were upregulated, the interleukin 4 and 5 levels were down-regulated, and the ratio of T(H)2/T(H)1 cells decreased significantly, indicating a shift to a T(H)1-predominant immune response in sensitized mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that endogenous glucocorticoids play an important role in abating allergic inflammatory reaction and modulating the T(H)1/T(H)2 balance in an airway allergic murine model. Inhibition of endogenous glucocorticoids resulted in a shift to T(H)1 predominance, but that did not attenuate the severity of the allergic inflammatory reaction.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Suqin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ziyin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Guorang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Runhong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xinmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002452:Cell Count; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000473:pathology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008797:Metyrapone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015735:Mifepristone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012912:Sneezing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D015848:Interleukin-5; D003208:Concanavalin A; D015847:Interleukin-4; D015735:Mifepristone; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin; D003345:Corticosterone; D008797:Metyrapone