title: Management of drainage for malignant ascites in gynaecological cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most patients with advanced ovarian cancer and some patients with advanced endometrial cancer need repeated drainage for malignant ascites. Guidelines to advise those involved in the drainage of ascites are usually produced locally and are generally not evidence-based but mainly based on clinicians' anecdotal evidence and experience. To discover whether there are ways of managing drains that have been demonstrated to improve the efficacy and quality of the procedure is key in making recommendations which could improve the quality of life (QOL) for women at this critical period of their lives.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the benefit and harms of different practices in the management of drains for malignant ascites in the care of women with advanced or recurrent gynaecological cancer. The review aimed to evaluate the evidence regarding the following questions; How long should the drain stay in place? Should the volume of fluid drained be replaced intravenously? Should the drain be clamped to regulate the drainage of fluid? Should any particular vital observations be regularly recorded?
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) Issue 1, 2009, Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Group Trials Register, MEDLINE1950 to February Week 3 2009, Embase 1980 to 2009 Week 8 2009. We also searched registers of clinical trials, abstracts of scientific meetings, reference lists of review articles and contacted experts in the field.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs and non-randomised studies that compared a range of interventions for management of multiple paracentesis in women with malignant ascites who had a confirmed histological diagnosis of gynaecological cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two review authors independently assessed whether potentially relevant studies met the inclusion criteria. No trials were found and therefore no data were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search strategy identified 1664 unique references of which 1646 were excluded on the basis of title and abstract. The remaining 18 articles were retrieved in full, but none satisfied the inclusion criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since no relevant studies were identified, we are unable to make recommendations regarding the management of drains for malignant ascites in women with gynaecological cancer. Large, multi-centre RCTs are required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the management of ascitic drains when in situ and their impact on QOL.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Care, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK, SO16 6YD.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keen
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Heather O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Dickinson
mesh_terms: D001201:Ascites / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans