title: A packaged optical slot-waveguide ring resonator sensor array for multiplex label-free assays in labs-on-chips.
abstract: We present the design, fabrication, and characterisation of an array of optical slot-waveguide ring resonator sensors, integrated with microfluidic sample handling in a compact cartridge, for multiplexed real-time label-free biosensing. Multiplexing not only enables high throughput, but also provides reference channels for drift compensation and control experiments. Our use of alignment tolerant surface gratings to couple light into the optical chip enables quick replacement of cartridges in the read-out instrument. Furthermore, our novel use of a dual surface-energy adhesive film to bond a hard plastic shell directly to the PDMS microfluidic network allows for fast and leak-tight assembly of compact cartridges with tightly spaced fluidic interconnects. The high sensitivity of the slot-waveguide resonators, combined with on-chip referencing and physical modelling, yields a volume refractive index detection limit of 5 x 10(-6) refractive index units (RIUs) and a surface mass density detection limit of 0.9 pg mm(-2), to our knowledge the best reported values for integrated planar ring resonators.
authors.affiliation: Microsystem Technology Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden. fredrik.carlborg@ee.kth.se
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Carlborg
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Gylfason
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaźmierczak
authors.forename: F
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authors.lastname: Dortu
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bañuls Polo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maquieira Catala
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kresbach
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sohlström
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moh
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vivien
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Popplewell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ronan
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Barrios
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stemme
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van der Wijngaart