title: Arsenite induces apoptosis in human mesenchymal stem cells by altering Bcl-2 family proteins and by activating intrinsic pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Environmental exposure to arsenic is an important public health issue. The effects of arsenic on different tissues and organs have been intensively studied. However, the effects of arsenic on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have not been reported. This study is designed to investigate the cell death process caused by arsenite and its related underlying mechanisms on MSCs. The rationale is that absorbed arsenic in the blood circulation can reach to the bone marrow and may affect the cell survival of MSCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  MSCs of passage 1 were purchased from Tulane University, grown till 70% confluency level and plated according to the experimental requirements followed by treatment with arsenite at various concentrations and time points. Arsenite (iAs(III)) induced cytotoxic effects were confirmed by cell viability and cell cycle analysis. For the presence of canonic apoptosis markers; DNA damage, exposure of intramembrane phosphotidylserine, protein and m-RNA expression levels were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  iAs(III) induced growth inhibition, G2-M arrest and apoptotic cell death in MSCs, the apoptosis induced by iAs(III) in the cultured MSCs was, via altering Bcl-2 family proteins and by involving intrinsic pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  iAs(III) can induce apoptosis in bone marrow-derived MSCs via Bcl-2 family proteins, regulating intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Due to the multipotency of MSC, acting as progenitor cells for a variety of connective tissues including bone, adipose, cartilage and muscle, these effects of arsenic may be important in assessing the health risk of the arsenic compounds and understanding the mechanisms of arsenic-induced harmful effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Yongli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018053:Arsenites / Q000633:toxicity*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018053:Arsenites; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; C015001:arsenite