The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors and its regulation.
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) consists of a family of transcription factors that play critical roles in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Inducible NF-kappaB activation depends on phosphorylation-induced proteosomal degradation of the inhibitor of NF-kappaB proteins (IkappaBs), which retain inactive NF-kappaB dimers in the cytosol in unstimulated cells. The majority of the diverse signaling pathways that lead to NF-kappaB activation converge on the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex, which is responsible for IkappaB phosphorylation and is essential for signal transduction to NF-kappaB. Additional regulation of NF-kappaB activity is achieved through various post-translational modifications of the core components of the NF-kappaB signaling pathways. In addition to cytosolic modifications of IKK and IkappaB proteins, as well as other pathway-specific mediators, the transcription factors are themselves extensively modified. Tremendous progress has been made over the last two decades in unraveling the elaborate regulatory networks that control the NF-kappaB response. This has made the NF-kappaB pathway a paradigm for understanding general principles of signal transduction and gene regulation.
Oeckinghaus
Andrea
A
Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
Ghosh
Sankar
S
D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D019281:Dimerization; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
D016328:NF-kappa B; D014157:Transcription Factors