title: Symptoms and suffering at the end of life in children with cancer: an Australian perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the symptoms, level of suffering, and care of Australian children with cancer at the end of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a study conducted at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, parents of children who had died of cancer over the period 1996-2004 were interviewed between February 2004 and August 2006. Parents also completed and returned self-report questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportions of children suffering from and treated for various symptoms; proportion of children receiving cancer-directed therapy at the end of life; proportion of children whose treatment of symptoms was successful; location of death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 193 eligible families, 96 (50%) were interviewed. All interviews were conducted in person, and occurred a mean of 4.5 years (SD, 2.1 years) after the child's death. Eighty-four per cent of parents reported that their child had suffered "a lot" or "a great deal" from at least one symptom in their last month of life--most commonly pain (46%), fatigue (43%) and poor appetite (30%). Children who received cancer-directed therapy during the end-of-life period (47%) suffered from a greater number of symptoms than those who did not receive treatment (P = 0.03), but the severity of symptoms did not differ between these groups. Of the children treated for specific symptoms, treatment was successful in 47% of those with pain, 18% of those with fatigue and 17% of those with poor appetite. Of the 61 families who felt they had time to plan where their child would die, 89% preferred to have their child die at home. The majority of children (61%) died at home. Of those who died in hospital, less than a quarter died in the intensive care unit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relatively high rates of death at home and low rates of unsuccessful medical interventions suggest a realistic approach at the end of life for Australian children dying of cancer. However, many suffer from unresolved symptoms, and greater attention should be paid to palliative care for these children.
authors.affiliation: Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. john.heath@rch.org.au
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.forename: Naomi E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Donath
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Vicki A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolfe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010166:Palliative Care; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013727:Terminal Care