title: Distinct effects of p38alpha deletion in myeloid lineage and gut epithelia in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  p38Alpha is a mitogen-activated protein kinase that mediates inflammatory responses, but its role in inflammatory bowel disease is unclear. The effects of p38alpha inhibitors have been inconsistent in animal models and clinical studies of inflammatory bowel disease, possibly arising from the different functions of p38alpha in different tissues or cell types. We investigated the effects of p38alpha inhibition in myeloid versus colonic epithelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied mice with myeloid cell-specific and intestinal epithelial cell-specific disruption of p38alpha (LtrLys(Cre)-p38alpha(Delta/Delta) mice and Villin(Cre)-p38alpha(Delta/Delta) mice), as well as p38beta, gamma, and delta knockout. Colitis was induced using dextran sodium sulfate or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice with myeloid cell-specific deletion of p38alpha had less inflammation and an improved disease condition compared with wild-type mice, whereas mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of p38alpha had increased progression of colitis that resulted from disrupted intestinal epithelial homeostasis. The distinct effects of p38alpha disruption in different tissue types might underlie the unsuccessful therapeutic application of p38 inhibitors to colitis. We found that a gamma-secretase inhibitor, which functions opposite that of a p38 inhibitor in the regulation of intestinal epithelial homeostasis, can significantly improve the effects of a p38 inhibitor in reducing colitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  p38Alpha has distinct functions in mouse myeloid cells versus colonic epithelium; these differences should be taken into consideration in defining the role of p38alpha in inflammation and developing p38 inhibitors as therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92307, USA.
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Young Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jianlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Huiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yinbin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omata
authors.forename: Jiahuai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D048308:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000201:enzymology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D048308:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; C093642:SB 203580