title: Endoscopic surgical treatment of laryngotracheal clefts: indications and limitations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the indications, techniques, results, and limitations of endoscopic surgical treatment of laryngotracheal cleft.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case note study (2005-2009).
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Armand Trousseau Children's Hospital, Paris, France.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients who underwent endoscopic cleft closure as a primary (n = 8) or secondary (n = 3) procedure among 22 patients treated for laryngotracheal clefts. We report patients' demographics, symptoms leading to the diagnosis, endoscopic evaluation method, medical examination results, and surgical techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endoscopic closure of the cleft under spontaneous ventilation via 2-layer interrupted sutures after excision of the mucosal edge using a carbon dioxide laser in 10 patients and a thulium laser in 1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of postoperative complications, revision surgery, need for intensive care unit admission, closure of the cleft, and long-term symptom results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful closure of the 11 clefts (with revision surgery in 3 patients) without the need for intubation or intensive care unit admission enabled the elimination of aspiration in 10 patients and significant improvement in 1 patient with bilateral vocal cord paralysis. There were no significant postoperative complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic closure of laryngotracheal clefts is a reliable technique that significantly reduces perioperative and postoperative morbidity. The results of this technique are entirely satisfactory, and we suggest that it is suitable as a primary procedure for the treatment of type I, II, and III clefts extending to the cervical trachea, including in neonates.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-faciale, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, 26 Av du Dr Netter, 75012 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eréa-Noël
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Garabedian
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pezzettigotta
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leboulanger
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nevoux
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Denoyelle
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roger
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D007830:Larynx / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014132:Trachea / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome