title: Prostate cancer and PSA among statin users in the Finnish prostate cancer screening trial.
abstract: Decreased risk of advanced prostate cancer has been reported among men using statins. However, the evidence on overall prostate cancer risk is conflicting. We compared the relative risk between current users and non-users of statins or other cholesterol-lowering medications in a population undergoing systematical prostate cancer screening. The study cohort comprised of 23,320 men participating in the screening arm of the Finnish prostate cancer screening trial during 1996-2004. Information on medication use was obtained from a comprehensive national prescription database. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for prostate cancer. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was compared between current users and non-users of cholesterol-lowering drugs. Compared with medication non-users, the overall prostate cancer incidence was decreased among statin users [HR 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63-0.89]. The inverse association was dose-dependent with cumulative amount of statin use, and strongest for low-grade and early stage tumors. The incidence was nonsignificantly lower also among users of other types of cholesterol-lowering drugs (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.28-1.38), but without dose-dependence. Age-adjusted median serum PSA tended to be lower among users of cholesterol-lowering drugs, but the relative risk decrease among statin users was not related to decreased PSA. Overall incidence of prostate cancer was lowered among statin users when bias due to differential PSA testing between medication users and non-users was eliminated by systematical prostate cancer screening. Cholesterol-lowering with statins seems beneficial for prostate cancer prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Tampere, School of Public Health, Tampere, Finland. teemu.murtola@uta.fi
authors.forename: Teemu J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Murtola
authors.forename: Teuvo L J
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Tammela
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Määttänen
authors.forename: Heini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huhtala
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Platz
authors.forename: Martti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ala-Opas
authors.forename: Ulf-Håkan
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Stenman
authors.forename: Anssi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Auvinen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors