title: Learning about patient safety: organizational context and culture in the education of health care professionals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the formal and informal ways pre-registration students from medicine, nursing, physiotherapy and pharmacy learn about keeping patients safe. This paper gives an overview of the study and explores findings in relation to organizational context and culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study employed a phased design using multiple qualitative methods. The overall approach drew on 'illuminative evaluation'. Ethical approval was obtained. Phase 1 employed a convenience sample of 13 pre-registration courses across the UK. Curriculum documents were gathered, and course directors interviewed. Phase 2 used eight case studies, two for each professional group, to develop an in-depth investigation of learning across university and practice by students and newly-qualified practitioners in relation to patient safety, and to examine the organizational culture that students and newly-qualified staff are exposed to. Analysis was iterative and ongoing throughout the study, using frameworks agreed by all researchers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient safety was felt to have become a higher priority for the health care system in recent years. Incident reporting was a key feature of the patient safety agenda within the organizations examined. Staff were often unclear or too busy to report. On the whole, students were not engaged and may not be aware of incident reporting schemes. They may not have access to existing systems in their organization. Most did not access employers' induction programmes. Some training sessions occasionally included students but this did not appear to be routine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Action is needed to develop an efficient interface between employers and education providers to develop up-to-date curricula for patient safety.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences Education Development, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. p.h.pearson@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steven
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ashcroft
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003479:Curriculum; D004517:Education, Professional / Q000379:methods*; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D015279:Organizational Culture; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012308:Risk Management; D017751:Safety Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012576:Schools, Health Occupations; D013222:State Medicine; D006113:United Kingdom