title: Accumulation and oxidative stress biomarkers in Japanese flounder larvae and juveniles under chronic cadmium exposure.
abstract: This study investigated how Cd exposure affected oxidative biomarkers in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, at early life stages (ELS). Fish were exposed to waterborne Cd (0-48microg L(-1)) from embryonic to juvenile stages for 80days. Growth, Cd accumulation, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione S-transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18), and levels of glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were investigated at three developmental stages. Flounder growth decreased and Cd accumulation increased with increasing Cd concentration. In metamorphosing larvae, CAT and SOD activities were inhibited and GSH level was elevated, while LPO was enhanced by increasing Cd concentrations. CAT and GST activities of settling larvae were inhibited but GSH level was elevated at high Cd concentrations. In juveniles, SOD activity and LPO level were increased but GST activity was inhibited as Cd concentration increased. Antioxidants in flounder at ELS were able to develop ductile responses to defend against oxidative stress, but LPO fatally occurred due to Cd exposure. These biochemical parameters could be used as effective oxidative biomarkers for evaluating Cd contamination and toxicity in marine environments: CAT, SOD, GSH, and LPO for metamorphosing stage; CAT, GSH, and GST for settling stage; and SOD, GST, and LPO for juvenile stage.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jinhu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xuebo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Shuozeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005432:Flounder / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D002104:Cadmium; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione