Navicular stress fractures in identical twin runners: high-risk fractures require structured treatment.
Tarsal navicular fractures require an accurate and timely diagnosis to prevent costly and disabling complications. Diagnosis requires a thorough clinical evaluation that focuses on the patient's history, particularly his or her training regimen, and diet-as was the case with these 17-year-old girls. Plain radiography, ultrasound, bone scintigraphy, MRI, and CT help make a definitive diagnosis. Treatment of low-risk fractures involves relative rest and cessation of the precipitating activity. High-risk fractures often require non-weight-bearing immobilization, coupled with therapy, and may require surgery.
Murray
Steven R
SR
Department of Human Performance and Wellness, Mesa State College, Grand Junction, CO, 81501, USA. smurray@mesastate.edu.
Reeder
Michael
M
Ward
Troy
T
Udermann
Brian E
BE