title: [Outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle: fresh compared to cryopreserved-thawed testicular and epididymal spermatozoa.].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare clinical outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle by using fresh and cryopreserved-thawed testicular and epididymal spermatozoa in azoospermic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 2006 and May 2007, 208 azoospermic patients underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) were treated in Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital. Those couples were divided into two groups based on their wishes, including 171 cases in fresh group and 37 cases in cryopreserved-thawed group. The cryopreserved testicular or epididymal spermatozoa were thawed and recovered before ICSI procedure in thawed group. The outcomes of ICSI in each group were compared, including clinical outcomes (two pronuclear fertilization, high quality embryo, clinical pregnancy and embryo implantation) and pregnancy outcomes (spontaneous miscarriage, gestational weeks and neonatal birth weight).
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The utilization rate were 92% (23/25) in cryopreserved-thawed testicular spermatozoa and 100% (12/12) in epididymal spermatozoa. (2) Between fresh and cryopreserved-thawed groups, no statistical difference was observed in two pronuclear fertilization rate [62.25% (973/1563) vs. 64.53% (282/437), P = 0.960], high quality embryo rate [78.9% (768/973) vs. 79.1% (223/282), P = 0.985], clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer [44.4% (60/135) vs. 46.9% (15/32), P = 0.688] and embryo implantation rate [29.3% (84/287) vs. 33.3% (23/69), P = 0.508]. (3) No significant difference between fresh and cryopreserved group was found in spontaneous miscarriage rate (11% vs.7%, P = 1.000), gestational weeks (single birth: 39.0 weeks vs.38.7 weeks, P = 0.538; twins: 36.8 weeks vs.36.3 weeks, P = 0.571) and birth weight (single birth: 3409 g vs.3350 g, P = 0.699; twins: 2584 g vs. 2635 g, P = 0.703).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It suggested that tissue from the azoospermic patients who underwent diagnostic testicular and epididymal biopsy should be cryopreseved for IVF-ET.
authors.affiliation: Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Fang
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Yu-Qi
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D015925:Cryopreservation; D004822:Epididymis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013094:Spermatozoa; D013737:Testis