title: Rapid vacuolar sequestration: the horseweed glyphosate resistance mechanism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glyphosate-resistant (GR) weed species are now found with increasing frequency and threaten the critically important glyphosate weed-management system [corrected].
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reported (31)P NMR experiments on glyphosate-sensitive (S) and glyphosate-resistant (R) horseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., show significantly more accumulation of glyphosate within the R biotype vacuole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective sequestration of glyphosate into the vacuole confers the observed horseweed resistance to glyphosate. This observation represents the first clear evidence for the glyphosate resistance mechanism in C. canadensis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: D André
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: d'Avignon
authors.forename: Joseph J H
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ackerman
authors.forename: R Douglas
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Sammons
mesh_terms: D035401:Conyza / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D053209:Herbicide Resistance; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D000097797:Glyphosate