title: In vivo effects of rosiglitazone in a human neuroblastoma xenograft.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumour in infants. Unfortunately, most children present with advanced disease and have a poor prognosis. There is in vitro evidence that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) might be a target for pharmacological intervention in NB. We have previously demonstrated that the PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone (RGZ) exerts strong anti-tumoural effects in the human NB cell line, SK-N-AS. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether RGZ maintains its anti-tumoural effects against SK-N-AS NB cells in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For this purpose, tumour cells were subcutaneously implanted in nude mice, and RGZ (150 mg kg(-1)) was administered by gavage daily for 4 weeks. At the end of treatment, a significant tumour weight inhibition (70%) was observed in RGZ-treated mice compared with control mice. The inhibition of tumour growth was supported by a strong anti-angiogenic activity, as assessed by CD-31 immunostaining in tumour samples. The number of apoptotic cells, as determined by cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining, seemed lower in RGZ-treated animals at the end of the treatment period than in control mice, likely because of the large tumour size observed in the latter group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that RGZ effectively inhibits tumour growth in a human NB xenograft and our results suggest that PPARgamma agonists may have a role in anti-tumoural strategies against NB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiopathology, Center for Research, University of Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cellai
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petrangolini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tortoreto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pratesi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Luciani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deledda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benvenuti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricordati
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gelmini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ceni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faraoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047495:PPAR gamma; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9