title: ETS-1 oncogenic activity mediated by transforming growth factor alpha.
abstract: Inappropriate expression of Ets-1 is observed in a variety of human cancers, and its forced expression in cultured cells results in transformation, autonomous proliferation, and tumor formation. The basis by which Ets-1 confers autonomous growth, one of the primary hallmarks of cancer cells and a critical component of persistent proliferation, has yet to be fully explained. Using a variety of cancer cell lines, we show that inhibition of Ets-1 blocks tumor formation and cell proliferation in vivo and autonomous growth in culture. A screen of multiple diffusible growth factors revealed that inhibition of Ets-1 results in the specific downregulation of transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha), the proximal promoter region of which contains multiple ETS family DNA binding sites that can be directly bound and regulated by Ets-1. Notably, rescuing TGFalpha expression in Ets-1-silenced cells was sufficient to restore tumor cell proliferation in vivo and autonomous growth in culture. These results reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism by which Ets-1 oncogenic activity can be explained in human cancer through its ability to regulate the important cellular mitogen TGFalpha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5.
authors.forename: Chet E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Holterman
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franovic
authors.forename: Josianne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Payette
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011485:Protein Binding; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C494041:ETS1 protein, human; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha