title: Lung cancer risk in painters: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively compare the association between occupation as a painter and the incidence or mortality from lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed and the reference lists of pertinent publications were searched and reviewed. For the meta-analysis, we used data from 47 independent cohort, record linkage, and case control studies (from a total of 74 reports), including > 11,000 incident cases or deaths from lung cancer among painters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three authors independently abstracted data and assessed study quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The summary relative risk (meta-RR, random effects) for lung cancer in painters was 1.35 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.291.41; 47 studies] and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.211.51; 27 studies) after controlling for smoking. The relative risk was higher in never-smokers (meta-RR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.093.67; 3 studies) and persisted when restricted to studies that adjusted for other occupational exposures (meta-RR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.212.04; 5 studies). The results remained robust when stratified by study design, sex, and study location and are therefore unlikely due to chance or bias. Furthermore, exposure response analyses suggested that the risk increased with duration of employment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the conclusion that occupational exposures in painters are causally associated with the risk of lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Section of IARC Monographs, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. guhan@iarc.fr
authors.forename: Neela
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guha
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Merletti
authors.forename: Nelson Kyle
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Steenland
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altieri
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cogliano
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Straif
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D010150:Paint; D010151:Paintings; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational