title: Association between cardiovascular health and hearing function: pure-tone and distortion product otoacoustic emission measures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A reduction in hearing sensitivity is often considered to be a normal age-related change. Recent studies have revisited prior ways of thinking about sensory changes over time, uncovering health variables other than age that play a significant role in sensory changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, cardiovascular (CV) health, pure-tone thresholds at 1000 to 4000 Hz, and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), with and without contralateral noise, were measured in 101 participants age 10-78 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Persons in the "old" age category (49-78 years) had worse pure-tone hearing sensitivity and DPOAEs than persons in the younger age categories (p < .05), affirming an age effect. Although hearing decline occurred in all persons in all CV fitness categories of every age group, those with low CV fitness in the old age group had significantly worse pure-tone hearing at 2000 and 4000 Hz (p <.05). Otoacoustic emission measurements were better for the old high-fit group but not significantly influenced by CV fitness level across age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of the current study elucidate the potentially positive impact of CV health on hearing sensitivity over time. This finding was particularly robust among older adults.
authors.affiliation: Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA. hutchik@muohio.edu
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: Helaine
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alessio
authors.forename: Rachael R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Baiduc
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous / Q000502:physiology*; D010470:Perceptual Masking / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D011304:Presbycusis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult