title: Mending injured athletes: a track record of orthopedic advances.
abstract: Physicians have long been closely allied with competitive sports. In 157 AD, Galen served as a physician to Greek gladiators.(1) Severe musculoskeletal trauma certainly shortened the careers of ancient pugilists who survived their matches. However, modern gladiators-from pick-up basketball players to football professionals-often get to "play another day" because of advances in orthopedic surgery, particularly those of the last 30 years.
authors.affiliation: The Physician and Sportsmedicine, Minneapolis, MN, 55435, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schnirring