title: Studies on the chemical composition of kohl stone by X-ray diffractometer.
abstract: Use of Kohl (Surma) creates toxicity or protects eye, is one of the most controversial topic of modern medicines. However, modern researches show that kohl forms a thin film on the eye lens thus avoiding the direct contract of harmful UV radiation and glare of sun with lens. Black and shining particles of galena in kohl shield the eyes from glare and reflection of sun and thus protect them from harmful effect of UV radiation emerging from the sun. Based on these findings and other properties of kohl, it was decided to undertake this study to ascertain it's chemical composition and to correlate these properties scientifically. In the present study, kohl stone obtained from Madina (Saudi Arabia) was analyzed to ascertain it's chemical composition. The chemical analysis and X-ray diffractometer results obtained, showed that the main component of kohl stone is galena (PbS).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Pervaiz Habib
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.forename: Zafar Alam
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sualeh
authors.forename: S M S
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zoha
mesh_terms: D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry*; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D013440:Sulfides; C018391:lead sulfide; D007854:Lead