title: Estimates of N2 narcosis and O2 toxicity during submarine escapes from 600 to 1,000 fsw.
abstract: The U.S. Navy recommends submarine escape for depths down to 600 fsw, with deeper escapes entailing the risks of decompression sickness, nitrogen (N2) narcosis and CNS oxygen (O2) toxicity. However, the escape equipment, including the submarine escape and immersion equipment and the escape trunk, could probably function even at 1,000 fsw. Here we report a theoretical analysis of the risks of both N2 narcosis and CNS O2 toxicity for different escape profiles from 600 to 1,000 fsw. The effect of N2 narcosis, calculated as a function of N2 pressure in the brain using Gas Man software, was expressed as equivalent narcosis depth (END), corresponding to the depth at which the same pressure of N2 would be produced in the brain after five minutes of scuba diving with air. The risk of O2-induced convulsions was estimated using the model developed by Arieli et al. Different dwell times (DTs) at maximal pressure in the escape trunk (from 0 to 60 s) and lungs-to-brain circulation times (10 to 30 s) were included in our analysis. When DT in the escape trunk is very short (e.g., 10 s), the risk of either incapacitating N2 narcosis and/or O2-induced convulsions occurring in the trunk is low, even during escapes from 1,000 fsw.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrigno
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004242:Diving / Q000502:physiology*; D006610:High Pressure Neurological Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007222:Inert Gas Narcosis / Q000209:etiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013366:Submarine Medicine
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen