title: Bacterial strain-specific induction of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells is protective in murine allergy models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of atopic disease has increased dramatically during recent decades and the potential immunoregulatory influence of the microbiota in these individuals is under investigation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to identify a bacterial strain that is protective in murine allergy models and to determine if microbial induction of T regulatory cells was associated with protection from allergic inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three microbes (Bifidobacterium breve AH1205, B. longum AH1206 and Lactobacillus salivarius AH102) of human origin were fed to newborn, adult and germ-free animals. Induction of Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Gene array analysis was performed on Peyer's patches. Strains were also examined for their protective effects in the ovalbumin (OVA) respiratory allergy model and the OVA-cholera toxin dietary allergy model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bifidobacterium longum AH1206 consumption resulted in increased numbers of Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells in infant, adult and germ-free animals. B. breve AH1205 induced Foxp3(+) T regulatory cell expansion only in infant mice while L. salivarius AH102 did not alter T regulatory cell numbers in any animal model tested. B. longum AH1206 reduced the Peyer's patch gene expression associated with antigen presentation, TLR signalling and cytokine production while increasing the expression of genes associated with retinoic acid metabolism. B. longum AH1206 protected against airway inflammation in OVA-sensitized animals and B. longum AH1206 blocked the induction of IgE to orally administered OVA. Neither B. breve AH1205 nor L. salivarius AH102 had a protective effect in either model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial strain-specific induction of Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells in vivo is associated with protection from respiratory and oral allergy.
authors.affiliation: Alimentary Health Ltd., Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Mahony
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacSharry
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sheil
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceddia
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Forsythe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bienenstock
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kiely
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shanahan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Mahony
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000276:immunology*; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013045:Species Specificity; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D010047:Ovalbumin; D002772:Cholera Toxin