title: Rac1 and Rac2 GTPases are necessary for early erythropoietic expansion in the bone marrow but not in the spleen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The small Rho GTPases Rac1 and Rac2 have both overlapping and distinct roles in actin organization, cell survival, and proliferation in various hematopoietic cell lineages. The role of these Rac GTPases in erythropoiesis has not yet been fully elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cre-recombinase-induced deletion of Rac1 genomic sequence was accomplished on a Rac2-null genetic background, in mouse hematopoietic cells in vivo. The erythroid progenitors and precursors in the bone marrow and spleen of these genetically engineered animals were evaluated by colony assays and flow cytometry. Apoptosis and proliferation of the different stages of erythroid progenitors and precursors were evaluated by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Erythropoiesis in Rac1(-/-);Rac2(-/-) mice is characterized by abnormal burst-forming unit-erythroid colony morphology and decreased numbers of megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors, erythroid colony-forming units, and erythroblasts in the bone marrow. In contrast, splenic erythropoiesis is increased. Combined Rac1 and Rac2 deficiency compromises proliferation of the megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor population in the bone marrow, while it allows increased survival and proliferation of megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors in the spleen. Conclusions These data suggest that Rac1 and Rac2 GTPases are essential for normal bone marrow erythropoiesis but that they are dispensable for erythropoiesis in the spleen, implying different signaling pathways for homeostatic and stress erythropoiesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 7015 Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA. theodosia.kalfa@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Theodosia A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kalfa
authors.forename: Suvarnamala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pushkaran
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Dao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Deidre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Daria
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cancelas
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D004900:Erythroblasts / Q000201:enzymology; D004920:Erythropoiesis / Q000502:physiology*; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D013997:Time Factors; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; D000097766:RAC2 GTP-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; D009479:Neuropeptides; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; D000097766:RAC2 GTP-Binding Protein; C484602:Rac1 protein, mouse