title: Insulin like growth factor-1 prevents 1-mentyl-4-phenylphyridinium-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta.
abstract: Dopaminergic neurons are lost mainly through apoptosis in Parkinson's disease. Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) inhibits apoptosis in a wide variety of tissues. Here we have shown that IGF-1 protects PC12 cells from toxic effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridiniumion (MPP(+)). Treatment of PC12 cells with recombinant human IGF-1 significantly decreased apoptosis caused by MPP(+) as measured by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. IGF-1 treatment induced sustained phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) as shown by western blot analysis. The anti-apoptotic effect of IGF-1 was abrogated by LY294002, which indirectly inhibits phosphorylation of GSK-3beta. Lithium chloride (LiCl), a known inhibitor of GSK-3beta, also blocked MPP(+)-induced apoptosis. Finally, although IGF-1 enhanced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1 and 2 (ERK1/2), PD98059, a specific inhibitor of ERK1/2, did not alter the survival effect of IGF-1. Thus, our findings indicate that IGF-1 protects PC12 cells exposed to MPP(+) from apoptosis via the GSK-3beta signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Luqi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shenggang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002470:Cell Survival; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D005419:Flavonoids; D009025:Morpholines; D009498:Neurotoxins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D018021:Lithium Chloride; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one