title: The mobility of chondroitin sulfate in articular and artificial cartilage characterized by 13C magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy.
abstract: We have studied the molecular dynamics of one of the major macromolecules in articular cartilage, chondroitin sulfate. Applying (13)C high-resolution magic-angle spinning NMR techniques, the NMR signals of all rigid macromolecules in cartilage can be suppressed, allowing the exclusive detection of the highly mobile chondroitin sulfate. The technique is also used to detect the chondroitin sulfate in artificial tissue-engineered cartilage. The tissue-engineered material that is based on matrix producing chondrocytes cultured in a collagen gel should provide properties as close as possible to those of the natural cartilage. Nuclear relaxation times of the chondroitin sulfate were determined for both tissues. Although T(1) relaxation times are rather similar, the T(2) relaxation in tissue-engineered cartilage is significantly shorter. This suggests that the motions of chondroitin sulfate in natural and artificial cartilage are different. The nuclear relaxation times of chondroitin sulfate in natural and tissue-engineered cartilage were modeled using a broad distribution function for the motional correlation times. Although the description of the microscopic molecular dynamics of the chondroitin sulfate in natural and artificial cartilage required the identical broad distribution functions for the correlation times of motion, significant differences in the correlation times of motion that are extracted from the model indicate that the artificial tissue does not fully meet the standards of the natural ideal. This could also be confirmed by macroscopic biomechanical elasticity measurements. Nevertheless, these results suggest that NMR is a useful tool for the investigation of the quality of artificially engineered tissue.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Holger A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Scheidt
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schibur
authors.forename: Alvicler
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Eduardo R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: de Azevedo
authors.forename: Tito J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bonagamba
authors.forename: Ovidiu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pascui
authors.forename: Ronny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reichert
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004548:Elasticity; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008956:Models, Chemical; D015233:Models, Statistical; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates