title: Candesartan effect on inflammation in hypertension.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of candesartan on inflammatory biomarkers in hypertensive patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus after a standardized oral fat load (OFL). A total of 219 patients were enrolled: 106 patients were assigned to the non-diabetic hypertensive (NH) group, and 113 to the diabetic hypertensive (DH) group. All patients received candesartan therapy for 6 months and underwent a standardized OFL at baseline and after 6 months of therapy. We evaluated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood glucose (BG), triglycerides (Tg), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (Hs-CRP). At baseline, glycated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index, BG, fasting plasma insulin, Tg, sICAM-1, IL-6 and Hs-CRP in the DH group were significantly higher, whereas high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol value was significantly lower compared to NH group. After 6 months of candesartan therapy, sICAM-1, IL-6 and Hs-CRP were significantly lower compared to baseline in both groups; furthermore, there was a significant decrease of SBP and DBP values in both groups. After the OFL administered at baseline, there was an increase of Tg, sICAM-1, IL-6 and Hs-CRP in both groups. After the OFL administered after 6 months of therapy, instead, there was no significant variation of BG, Tg or sICAM-1 value in both groups, whereas there was an increase of IL-6 and Hs-CRP compared to time 0. We observed that candesartan treatment attenuated the inflammatory answer in both groups of patients, even if more efficiently in nondiabetic ones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy. giuseppe.derosa@unipv.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Derosa
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maffioli
authors.forename: Sibilla A T
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Salvadeo
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gravina
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mereu
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: Arrigo F G
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cicero
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D015415:Biomarkers; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014280:Triglycerides; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; C081643:candesartan