title: In vivo diffusion tensor imaging and histopathology of the fimbria-fornix in temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: While diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been extensively used to infer micro-structural characteristics of cerebral white matter in human conditions, correlations between human in vivo DTI and histology have not been performed. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) have abnormal DTI parameters of the fimbria-fornix (relative to TLE patients without MTS) which are presumed to represent differences in axonal/myelin integrity. Medically intractable TLE patients who undergo temporal lobe resection including the fimbria-fornix provide a unique opportunity to study the anatomical correlates of water diffusion abnormalities in freshly excised tissue. Eleven patients with medically intractable TLE were recruited (six with and five without MTS) for presurgical DTI followed by surgical excision of a small specimen of the fimbria-fornix which was processed for electron microscopy. Blinded quantitative analysis of the microphotographs included axonal diameter, density and area, cumulative axon membrane circumference, and myelin thickness and area. As predicted by DTI the fimbria-fornix of TLE patients with MTS had increased extra-axonal fraction, and reduced cumulative axonal membrane circumference and myelin area. Consistent with the animal literature, water diffusion anisotropy over the crus of the fimbria-fornix was strongly correlated with axonal membranes (cumulative membrane circumference) within the surgical specimen (approximately 15% of what was analyzed with DTI). The demonstration of a correlation between histology and human in vivo DTI, in combination with the observation that in vivo DTI accurately predicted white matter abnormalities in a human disease condition, provides strong validation of the application of DTI as a noninvasive marker of white matter pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Concha
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Livy
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
authors.forename: B Matt
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Wheatley
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D020712:Fornix, Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D012598:Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*