title: Twenty-four-hour ambulatory heart rate and organ damage in primary hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between basal heart rate (HR) and the occurrence of myocardial ischemia, sudden death, cardiovascular mortality have been described. Therefore, further studies are warranted to evaluate the behaviour of heart rate in different scenarios. We sought to determine whether ambulatory heart rate is associated with the presence of target organ damage (TOD) in hypertensive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crossectional study of essential hypertensive patients in whom a twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed. The relationship between TOD and 24 hour ambulatory heart rate (HR) was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred and sixty-six patients with arterial hypertension were included (55.8% male, mean age 59.9 +/- 14.2 years). 15% were smokers, 62.2% had dyslipidemia, 18.4% diabetes mellitus. Heart rate values were higher during activity as compared to the resting period (72.8 vs 63.3 bpm, p < 0.001). Heart rate, in both periods, was not associated with the presence of TOD. Nevertheless, the patients with nocturnal HR > or = 65 bpm have high risk and a high prevalence of TOD. This relationship was also present in multivariate analysis (HR 2.41; CI 95% 1.41-4.11; p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An elevated nocturnal HR, > or = 65 bpm, obtained with ABPM registry, is associated with the presence of TOD in hypertensive patients. ABPM is a powerful tool for hypertensive patients not only to monitor BP control but also to obtain information on HR which may provide additional information about current and future cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, España. lfacila@gmail.com
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fácila
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pallarés
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peset
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Montagud
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bellido
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bertomeu-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Redón
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents