title: Novel rat model of stress urinary incontinence with a retroflexed bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We created a rat model with a retroflexed bladder that mimicked the loss of the posterior urethrovesical angle and compared the results with sham-surgery rats for the establishment of rat models of stress urinary incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The retroflexed bladder was created by stitching the bladder posteriorly to the psoas muscle. Sneeze-induced urethral pressure response and urethral baseline pressure were measured using a microtip-transducer catheter and leak point pressures induced by sneezing, the Crede maneuver, and the vertical tilt table method were measured via a supra-pubic cystostomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In rats with a retroflexed bladder, both urethral pressure response and sneeze-induced leak point pressure were significantly decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A retroflexed bladder may cause stress urinary incontinence by attenuating the sneeze-induced active urethral closure mechanism. Urethral pressure response restored by resumption of the posterior urethrovesical angle would explain why no sling tension is needed to treat the stress urinary incontinence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawamorita
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaiho
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazato
authors.forename: Mabumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000002:abnormalities; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000209:etiology