title: Primary hyperparathyroidism in children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in children and adolescents is a rare condition. Awareness should improve in order to lower threshold for screening and allow intervention before serious and permanent sequelac occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of 15 children and adolescents with PHPT (age <20 yr) seen in our clinic between 1993 and 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of patients was 17.73 yr (Range - 13-20, Male-3: Female-12). Average duration of symptoms was 18.87 (range: 0-48) mo. Clinical features at presentation included bone pain (86.67%), proximal myopathy (46.67%), bony deformities (53.33%), fractures (60%), palpable osteitis fibrosa cystica (33.3%), renal calculi (40%), palpable neck swelling (13.3%) and acute pancreatitis (6.67%). None had positive family history or features suggestive of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN). After biochemical confirmation, tumor was localised in all prior to surgery. Histopathology confirmed adenoma in all cases. Post-operative hungry bone syndrome occurred in 33.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PHPT is more common in females. Presentation of the disease is similar to their adult counterparts except for more severe bone disease and less severe renal disease. MEN and familial non-MEN PHPT do not constitute a major cause of pediatric PHPT as against to worldwide data. The incidence of hyperplasia as a cause of PHPT is rare in our pediatric population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Shrikrishna V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: Tushar R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Bandgar
authors.forename: Padma S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Nalini S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009377:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia / Q000453:epidemiology; D010002:Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult