Autophagy in health and disease. 1. Regulation and significance of autophagy: an overview.
Macroautophagy is a vacuolar degradation pathway that terminates in the lysosomal compartment after formation of a cytoplasmic vacuole or autophagosome that engulfs macromolecules and organelles. The identification of ATG (autophagy-related) genes that are involved in the formation of autophagosomes has greatly increased our knowledge of the molecular basis of macroautophagy, and its roles in cell function, which extend far beyond degradation and quality control of the cytoplasm. Macroautophagy, which plays a major role in tissue homeostasis, is now recognized as contributing to innate and adaptive immune responses. Recently, several mediators of apoptosis have been shown to control macroautophagy. Deciphering the cross talk between macroautophagy and apoptosis probably should help increase understanding of the role of macroautophagy in human disease and is likely to be of therapeutic importance.
Mehrpour
Maryam
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Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U756, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D004194:Disease; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000502:physiology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000378:metabolism
D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D014452:Ubiquitins; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex