title: Femoral nerve block with ropivacaine or bupivacaine in day case anterior crucial ligament reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to evaluate analgesia, motor block and pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine 0.2% and 0.75% in a femoral nerve block (FNB) in day case patients for anterior crucial ligament (ACL)-reconstruction compared with bupivacaine 0.25% and placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following ethics committee approval and informed consent, 280 patients were randomly allocated to four groups for single-shot FNB [30 ml ropivacaine 0.2% (group RO2.0), 0.75% (RO7.5), bupivacaine 0.25% (BU2.5) and NaCl 0.9% (NaCl)]. Analgesia (pain scores, primary outcome) and motor block were assessed at 4 h (dismissal) and up to 24 h. Plasma concentration was determined up to 240 min thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain scores at 4 h were significantly higher for NaCl 4 (0-8) (median, range) (vs.) BU2.5 2 (0-8), RO2.0 3 (0-9) and RO7.5 2 (0-8) (NS within the LA groups). Patients of the NaCl group needed analgesics significantly more often (93%) within 4 h after surgery vs. 16% of group RO2.0, 19% of group RO7.5 and 19% of group BU2.5. Motor block was significantly increased with all local anesthetics without a significant difference within the LA groups 3 (0-5) in RO2.0, 3 (0-5) in RO7.5 and 3 (0-4) in BU2.5 vs. 0 (0-3) in group NaCl (median (range); scale from 0=full strength to 5=complete paralysis). Peak plasma concentrations differed significantly: RO7.5: 1.4 +/- 0.4 (0.73-2.6) [microg/ml, mean +/- SD (range)] after 33 +/- 14 (10-40) min, RO2.0: 0.6 +/- 0.3 (0.13-1.0) after 22+17 (10-60) and BU2.5: 0.3 +/- 0.16 (0.05-0.62) at 31 +/- 17 (10-60), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FNB for ACL reconstruction with ropivacaine or bupivacaine provided better post-operative analgesia than placebo without reaching toxic plasma concentrations. Significant motor block was observed after 4 h in all groups including the lowest concentration of ropivacaine but occurred even with placebo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital of the Philipps University, Marburg, Germany. h.wulf@med.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wulf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Löwe
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Gnutzmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steinfeldt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000577:Amides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005267:Femoral Nerve; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000601:surgery; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011292:Premedication; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D000077212:Ropivacaine
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine