title: Preventing tuberculosis in children receiving anti-TNF treatment.
abstract: Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment has been a breakthrough in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). However, they are associated with a significant risk of tuberculosis. We evaluated JIA patients who received etanercept treatment from an eastern Mediterranean country with moderate tuberculosis frequency. JIA patients under anti-TNF treatment, etanercept, were enrolled to the study. Chest X-rays, Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), clinical histories, family screening, and physical examinations were reviewed retrospectively. If TST was above 10 mm in a patient with one Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, cultures and, if needed, thorax computerized tomography were obtained. These patients received 1-2 months of isoniazid (INH) treatment which was followed by an INH prophylaxis for a period of 9 months while etanercept treatment was started. All were re-evaluated within 3 months intervals. A total of 36 patients under etanercept treatment were enrolled to the study. Mean age of the patients was 14.00 years (range 4-22 years). Median duration of disease was 36.00 months (range 4-216 months). Median duration of etanercept therapy was 11.5 months (3-48 months) at final evaluation. Seven patients had an initial TST score above 10 mm. All received INH treatment as outlined above. They had normal examinations and X-rays during followup. With proper initial evaluation, anti-TNF treatment is safe even in countries where tuberculosis is moderately frequent. An initial 1-2 months of INH treatment followed by chemoprophylaxis for 9 months is suggested for children with a TST of >10 mm.
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Acibadem University, Ankara, Turkey. nurayaktay@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nuray Aktay
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ayaz
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Demirkaya
authors.forename: Yelda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bilginer
authors.forename: Uğur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ozçelik
authors.forename: Nazan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cobanoğlu
authors.forename: Nural
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiper
authors.forename: Nesrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Besbas
authors.forename: Aysin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakkaloğlu
authors.forename: Seza
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D012008:Recurrence; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000068800:Etanercept