Bone morphogenetic proteins and tissue engineering: future directions.
As long as bone repair and regeneration is considered as a complex clinical condition, the administration of more than one factor involved in fracture healing might be necessary. The effectiveness or not of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in association with other growth factors and with mesenchymal stem cells in bone regeneration for fracture healing and bone allograft integration is of great interest to the scientific community. In this study we point out possible future developments in BMPs, concerning research and clinical applications.
Calori
G M
GM
Orthopaedic Institute Gaetano Pini, University of Milan, Italy. gmc@studiocalori.it
Donati
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Di Bella
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Tagliabue
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D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D056687:Off-Label Use; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000627:therapeutic use
C525819:BMP7 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors