title: Alcohol dehydrogenase accentuates ethanol-induced myocardial dysfunction and mitochondrial damage in mice: role of mitochondrial death pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Binge drinking and alcohol toxicity are often associated with myocardial dysfunction possibly due to accumulation of the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde although the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study was designed to examine the impact of accelerated ethanol metabolism on myocardial contractility, mitochondrial function and apoptosis using a murine model of cardiac-specific overexpression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH).
  
  
  METHODS
  ADH and wild-type FVB mice were acutely challenged with ethanol (3 g/kg/d, i.p.) for 3 days. Myocardial contractility, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis (death receptor and mitochondrial pathways) were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethanol led to reduced cardiac contractility, enlarged cardiomyocyte, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis, the effects of which were exaggerated by ADH transgene. In particular, ADH exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction manifested as decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and accumulation of mitochondrial O(2) (*-). Myocardium from ethanol-treated mice displayed enhanced Bax, Caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2 expression, the effect of which with the exception of Caspase-3 was augmented by ADH. ADH accentuated ethanol-induced increase in the mitochondrial death domain components pro-caspase-9 and cytochrome C in the cytoplasm. Neither ethanol nor ADH affected the expression of ANP, total pro-caspase-9, cytosolic and total pro-caspase-8, TNF-alpha, Fas receptor, Fas L and cytosolic AIF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these data suggest that enhanced acetaldehyde production through ADH overexpression following acute ethanol exposure exacerbated ethanol-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction, cardiomyocyte enlargement, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis, indicating a pivotal role of ADH in ethanol-induced cardiac dysfunction possibly through mitochondrial death pathway of apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D051379:Mice; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase