title: High-contrast computed tomographic angiography better detects residual intracranial arteriovenous malformations in long-term follow-up after radiotherapy than 1.5-Tesla time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) are noninvasive alternatives for therapy monitoring of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate if CTA is able to detect residual AVM in the long-term follow-up after radiotherapy when time-of-flight (TOF) MRA could no longer detect a remaining nidus.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 patients with intracranial AVM were included between November 2005 and August 2007 who were scheduled for CTA (16-slice CT, 1-mm slice thickness, 90 ml iomeprol 400 mg I/ml, 4 ml/s) in the follow-up of radiotherapy. In these patients, MRA (3D-TOF, and bolus tagging at 1.5 T) could no longer detect a remaining nidus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The previously performed MRA (median time between CTA and MRA, 2.5 months) described total obliterations in 14 and subtotal obliterations in two AVM cases. Two MRA diagnoses were inconclusive due to artifacts. CTA (median time after therapy, 28 months; range, 5-66 months) could provide a diagnosis in all cases, but confirmed the MRA diagnosis only in 50% of the cases. A residual nidus was shown in an additional six cases, and subtotal obliteration in another three cases. The interval between radiotherapy and the follow-up examination was significantly different (P<0.05) between false- and true-negative MRA examinations (median, 18 vs. 30 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-contrast CTA is a sensitive tool in the detection of AVM and is able to identify residual AVM after radiotherapy even if previously performed TOF MRA at 1.5 T shows total obliteration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. f.giesel@dkfz-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Frederik L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Giesel
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Essig
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zabel-Du-Bois
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Tengg-Kobligk
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afshar-Omarei
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Debus
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Kauczor
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krix
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C057937:iomeprol; D007479:Iopamidol