title: The management of enterocutaneous fistula in a regional unit in the United kingdom: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enterocutaneous fistula associated with type 2 intestinal failure is a challenging condition that involves a multidisciplinary approach to management. It is suggested that complex cases should only be managed in select national centers in the United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over an 18-month period, we prospectively studied all patients referred to us with established enterocutaneous fistulas. Patients followed standardized protocols. Eradication of sepsis, appropriate wound management, establishment of nutritional support, and restoration of normal physiology were attempted. Definitive surgical management was deferred for at least 6 months after the last abdominal surgical intervention. Follow-up was for a minimum of 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 55 patients, 10 were internal referrals and 45 were from institutions elsewhere. The mean age was 50 years. Nine patients had colonic fistulas. Forty-six had small bowel fistulas; 19 of these (35%) were associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Patients had undergone a median of 3 previous operations. Four fistulas (7%) healed spontaneously. Thirty-five patients (63%) underwent definitive surgery. Recurrent fistula occurred in 4 patients (13%); 1 required further surgery, and 3 healed spontaneously. The overall mortality rate was 7% (4/55 patients), with 3 patients dying before definitive surgery and 1 patient dying postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results compare favorably with data from designated national centers (overall mortality, 9.5%-10.8%; operative mortality, 3%-3.5%), suggesting that these patients can be effectively managed in regional units that have sufficient expertise, interest, and volume of patients. Rationalization of funding and referral of patients with type 2 intestinal failure to regional centers may allow national centers to conserve their scarce resources.
authors.affiliation: University College Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: Alec
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engledow
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Alastair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: C Richard
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Alastair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Windsor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007412:Intestinal Fistula / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018529:Nutritional Support / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult