title: IL-1B polymorphism in association with initial intravenous immunoglobulin treatment failure in Taiwanese children with Kawasaki disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 8-38% of children with Kawasaki disease (KD) will have persistent or recrudescent fever after initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment and are at increased risk for development of coronary artery abnormalities. Using genetic markers may be helpful to identify the high-risk group of IVIG-resistant patients for aggressive treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between 4 potential polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL)-1 family of genes and initial IVIG treatment failure in KD children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 156 KD children (136 with and 20 without a response to IVIG treatment) who were treated with high-dose IVIG (2 g/kg) within 10 days of fever onset were recruited. Polymerase chain reaction and Taqman assays were used for genotyping. A significant increase in IVIG resistance risk was observed for IL-1B -511 TT and IL-1B -31 CC genotypes (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69-16.38, P=0.004; AOR 3.95, 95%CI 1.26-12.41, P=0.019, separately). The diplotype TC/TC (at IL-1B -511 and -31) also showed a significantly increased risk of IVIG resistance (AOR 4.32, 95%CI 1.36-13.71, P=0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IL-1B -511 TT and IL-1B -31 CC genotypes or the TC/TC diplotype may be associated with initial IVIG treatment failure in Taiwanese children with KD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ken-Pen
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Kai-Sheng
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Tsyr-Yuh
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Shih-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chung-Ren
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Yi-Ten
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Shih-Chen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chu-Chuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yu-Tung
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Luo-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Ger
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D053583:Interleukin-1beta