title: Changes in pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood oxygenation, perfusion index, skin conductance, and their variability induced during and after grounding human subjects for 40 minutes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have shown that grounding produces quantifiable physiologic changes. This study was set up to reproduce and expand earlier electrophysiologic and physiologic parameters measured immediately after grounding with improved methodology and state-of-the-art equipment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multiparameter double-blind experiment was conducted with 14 men and 14 women (age range: 18-80) in relatively good health. Subjects were screened for health problems using a commonly used health questionnaire. They were seated in a comfortable recliner and measured during 2-hour grounding sessions, leaving time for signals to stabilize before, during, and after grounding (40 minutes for each period). Sham 2-hour grounding sessions were also recorded with the same subjects as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report presents results for 5 of the 18 parameters measured. The parameters reported here are: skin conductance (SC), blood oxygenation (BO), respiratory rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), and perfusion index (PI).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed in a rented facility in Encinitas, California. The facility was chosen in a quiet area for its very low electromagnetic noise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For each session, statistical analyses were performed on four 10-minute segments: before and after grounding (sham grounding for control session) and before and after ungrounding (sham ungrounding). There was an immediate decrease in SC at grounding and an immediate increase at ungrounding on all subjects. RR increased during grounding, and the effect lasted after ungrounding. RR variance increased immediately after grounding then decreased. BO variance decreased during grounding, followed by a dramatic increase after ungrounding. PR and PI variances increased toward the end of the grounding period, and this change persisted after ungrounding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results warrant further research to determine how grounding affects the body. Grounding could become important for relaxation, health maintenance and disease prevention.
authors.affiliation: Developmental and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. dlbogc@sbcglobal.net
authors.forename: Gaetan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chevalier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D018534:Earth, Planet; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D056152:Respiratory Rate
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen