title: Diagnostic accuracy of real-time 3D sonography in the diagnosis of congenital Mullerian anomalies in high-risk patients with respect to the phase of the menstrual cycle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the diagnostic accuracy of 2-dimensional sonography (2DUS) and real-time 3-dimensional sonography (3DUS) in the diagnosis of congenital mullerian defects (CMD) with respect to the phase of the menstrual endometrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  The accuracy of sonography was examined on 108 women by 2 gynecologists during the 1st 5 days after cessation of menstrual flow and then re-examined at the cycle days 20-24. Entrance criteria for the patients enrolled in the study were as follows: women who were referred to our center with a suspected Mullerian anomaly at hysterosalpingography, and women who were suspected to have a uterine anomaly at our hospital during infertility, dysmenorrhea, and recurrent abortion workup. First, 1 of the gynecologists performed the 2DUS, and afterwards the 2nd gynecologist performed the real-time 3DUS. Results from both examiners were compared and correlated with the definitive diagnosis obtained by MRI, laparoscopy, or hysteroscopy. The sensitivity and specificity values of 2DUS and real-time 3DUS for the diagnosis of CMD were calculated at follicular and luteal phases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 108 cases suspected to have CMD, the sensitivity and specificity values of real-time 3DUS were significantly higher in the follicular sensitivity, 94.7%, specificity, 75.0%, and luteal phases (sensitivity, 100%, specificity, 93.7%) when compared with 2DUS values (sensitivity of 30.2% and specificity of 78.1% in the follicular phase and sensitivity of 42.1% and specificity of 81.2% in the luteal phase).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time 3DUS is an accurate method that can be used for the diagnosis of congenital mullerian defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Umuttepe Kampusu, 41000, Uctepeler, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eray
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caliskan
authors.forename: Sabiha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozkan
authors.forename: Yigit
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cakiroglu
authors.forename: Hasan Tahsin
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Sarisoy
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corakci
authors.forename: Semih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozeren
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008183:Luteal Phase; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D009095:Mullerian Ducts / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*