title: Decreased Toll-like receptor-5 (TLR-5) expression in the mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although there is a convincing evidence supporting an important role for microorganisms in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) which comprises ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), the specific mechanisms involved remain unclear. Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize various molecules of microbiota including flagellin, the principal protein of motile comensal and pathogenic bacteria implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of the TLR-5 receptors at the mRNA and protein levels in the mucosa of UC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  TLR-5 mRNA was quantified by the validated real-time PCR (QPCR) in mucosal biopsies of 99 UC patients and 34 control patients and TLR-5 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 57 UC and 10 control patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly decreased TLR-5 gene expression at mRNA and protein level was found in the mucosa of patients with moderate and severe disease activity as compared to patients with low UC activity and control. TLR-5 immunoreactivity was found in the mucosa of UC patients and normal controls in the cytoplasm of enterocytes and at their basolateral domain. However, the intensity of the IHC reaction in specimens from UC patients was substantially lower than in control samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decreased expression of TLR-5 gene and protein in the mucosa of UC patients suggests that down-regulation of TLR-5 is probably caused by the increased number of ligand molecules in the proximity of epithelial cells in the inflamed tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stanislawowski
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Wierzbicki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golab
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adrych
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kartanowicz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wypych
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Godlewski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smoczynski
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kmiec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D012313:RNA