title: Thiazide-induced severe hypercalcemia: a case report and review of literature.
abstract: Most common causes of hypercalcemia are hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, vitamin D-mediated conditions such as sarcoidosis, and vitamin D toxicity. Less commonly, hypercalcemia can be caused by drugs such as thiazide diuretics and lithium. Mild hypercalcemia is usually asymptomatic but severe hypercalcemia is associated with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, excessive thirst, muscle weakness, lethargy, confusion, and fatigue. We are reporting a case of abdominal pain and altered mental status caused by thiazide-induced severe hypercalcemia of 19.8 mg/dL. This is the most severe case of thiazide-induced hypercalcemia that we have seen reported. Patients on thiazide diuretics should have their electrolytes frequently checked, especially patients on calcium supplements. Management usually includes hydration and discontinuation of drugs causing hypercalcemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA. haritvdesai@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Harit V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Kaushang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: Mala
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Michaud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jennine
authors.forename: Parminder
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brogan
mesh_terms: D019355:Calcium Citrate / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D053609:Lethargy / Q000139:chemically induced; D008875:Middle Aged; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D014807:Vitamin D; D019355:Calcium Citrate