title: Postnatal parental education for optimizing infant general health and parent-infant relationships.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many learning needs arise in the early postpartum period, and it is important to examine interventions used to educate new parents about caring for their newborns during this time.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The primary objective was to assess the effects of structured postnatal education delivered by an educator to an individual or group on infant general health and parent-infant relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (April 2009), CINAHL (1982 to July 2009), ERIC (1966 to July 2009), HealthSTAR (1966 to July 2009), PsycINFO (1806 to July 2009), Sociological Abstracts (1974 to July 2009), ClinicalTrials.gov (August 2009), Current Controlled Trials (August 2009), and Trialscentral.org (August 2009).
  
  
  METHODS
  We included randomized controlled trials of any structured postnatal education provided by an educator to individual parents or groups of parents within the first two months post birth related to the care of an infant or parent-infant relationships. We excluded studies of educational interventions for parents of infants in neonatal intensive care units.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both authors assessed trial quality and extracted data from published reports.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 25 trials (3689 mothers and 793 fathers) that met the inclusion criteria, only 15 (2868 mothers and 613 fathers) reported useable data. Educational interventions included: four on infant sleep enhancement, 13 on infant behaviour, two on general post-birth health, two on infant care, three on infant safety, and one on father involvement/skills with infants. Details of the randomization procedures, allocation concealment, blinding, and participant loss were often not reported. Of the outcomes analyzed, only six were measured similarly enough by more than one study to be combined in meta-analyses. Of these six meta-analyses, only two were found to have a low enough level of heterogeneity to provide an overall estimate of effect. Education on sleep enhancement resulted in a mean difference of 29 more minutes of infant sleep in 24 hours (95% confidence interval (CI) 18.53 to 39.73) than usual care. Education on infant behaviour increased maternal knowledge of infant behaviour by a mean difference of 2.85 points (95% CI 1.78 to 3.91).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The benefits of educational programs to participants and their newborns remain unclear. Education on sleep enhancement appears to increase infant sleep and education about infant behaviour potentially enhances mothers' knowledge; however more and larger, well-designed studies are needed to confirm this.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Canada, C1A 4P3.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bryanton
authors.forename: Cheryl T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007229:Infant Welfare; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D049590:Postpartum Period; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology