title: Epidemiology of invasive mycoses in North America.
abstract: The incidence of invasive mycoses is increasing, especially among patients who are immunocompromised or hospitalized with serious underlying diseases. Such infections may be broken into two broad categories: opportunistic and endemic. The most important agents of the opportunistic mycoses are Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and Aspergillus spp. (although the list of potential pathogens is ever expanding); while the most commonly encountered endemic mycoses are due to Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis/posadasii, and Blastomyces dermatitidis. This review discusses the epidemiologic profiles of these invasive mycoses in North America, as well as risk factors for infection, and the pathogens' antifungal susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA. michael-pfaller@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pfaller
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Diekema
mesh_terms: D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D015994:Incidence; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology