n-3 PUFA improves fatty acid composition, prevents palmitate-induced apoptosis, and differentially modifies B cell cytokine secretion in vitro and ex vivo.
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) modify T-cell activation, in part by remodeling lipid composition; however, the relationship between n-3 PUFA and B-cell activation is unknown. Here we tested this relationship in vitro and ex vivo by measuring upregulation of B-cell surface molecules, the percentage of cells activated, and cytokine secreted in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation. In vitro, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) improved the membrane n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, and DHA lowered interleukin (IL)-6 secretion; overall, n-3 PUFAs did not suppress B-cell activation compared with BSA, oleate, or elaidate treatment. Palmitate treatment suppressed the percentage of B cells activated through lipoapoptosis, which was differentially prevented by cosupplementing cells with MUFAs and PUFAs. Ex vivo, we tested the hypothesis with mice fed a control or high-fat saturated, hydrogenated, MUFA or n-3 PUFA diets. n-3 PUFAs had no effect on the percentage of B cells activated. Unexpectedly, the n-3 PUFA diet increased B-cell CD69 surface expression, IL-6 and IFNgamma secretion, and it significantly increased body weight gain. Overall, we propose that changes in lipid composition with n-3 PUFA and suppression of lymphocyte activation is not universal. The study highlights that high-fat n-3 PUFA diets can promote pro-inflammatory responses, at least from one cell type.
Rockett
Benjamin Drew
BD
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 600 Moye Blvd, Brody 5S-18, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
Salameh
Muhammad
M
Carraway
Kristen
K
Morrison
Kaitlin
K
Shaikh
Saame Raza
SR
D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001081:Apyrase / Q000378:metabolism; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010168:Palmitates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
D015703:Antigens, CD; D016207:Cytokines; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010168:Palmitates; D001081:Apyrase; C067869:CD39 antigen