title: Serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 levels and metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults and children born small for gestational age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 might protect against cardiovascular disease. Small for gestational age (SGA) birth could be associated with a higher risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in later life. No data are available on the relationship between serum IGFBP-2 levels and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults and children born SGA.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine circulating IGFBP-2 levels in subjects born SGA and to investigate the association with cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  IGFBP-2 levels were measured in sera from 151 young adults born SGA and 147 short SGA children. Age- and gender-adjusted sd scores (SDS) were calculated. We determined blood pressure, serum lipids, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and glucose homeostasis by homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance or frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum IGFBP-2 SDS was significantly reduced in SGA young adults (with normal or short stature). Fat mass SDS was relatively high in SGA young adults and was reduced in short SGA children. Serum IGFBP-2 SDS in SGA young adults correlated positively with insulin sensitivity and negatively with fat mass SDS, insulin secretion (acute insulin response), fasting insulin, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure SDS. The association between serum IGFBP-2 SDS and insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels persisted after adjustment for known covariates including fat mass SDS. In short SGA children, IGFBP-2 SDS did not correlate with any of the cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In young adults who were born SGA, serum IGFBP-2 levels associate with cardiovascular risk markers.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus MC Sophia, Room SB-2603, Dr. Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ Rotterdam, The Netherlands. s.dekort@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Sandra W K
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: de Kort
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Doorn
authors.forename: Ad G M
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: van de Sande
authors.forename: Ralph W J
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Leunissen
authors.forename: Anita C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hokken-Koelega
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018971:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018971:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2; D008055:Lipids