title: Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate incorporated into sugar confections inhibits the progression of enamel subsurface lesions in situ.
abstract: Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) has been demonstrated to exhibit anticariogenic activity in randomized, controlled clinical trials of sugar-free gum and a tooth cream. Two randomized, double-blind, crossover studies were conducted to investigate the potential of CPP-ACP added to hard candy confections to slow the progression of enamel subsurface lesions in an in situ model. The confections studied were: (1) control sugar (65% sucrose + 33% glucose syrup); (2) control sugar-free; (3) sugar + 0.5% (w/w) CPP-ACP; (4) sugar + 1.0% (w/w) CPP-ACP; (5) sugar-free + 0.5% (w/w) CPP-ACP. Participants (10 and 14 in study 1 and 2) wore a removable palatal appliance containing enamel half-slabs with subsurface lesions, except for meals and oral hygiene procedures, and consumed 1 confection 6 times a day for 10 days. The enamel half-slabs were inset to allow the development of plaque on the enamel surface. Participants rested for 1 week before crossing over to another confection. The appliances were stored in a humid container at 37 degrees C when not in the mouth. After each treatment period, the enamel half-slabs were removed, paired with their demineralized control half-slabs, embedded, sectioned and then analysed using transverse microradiography. In both studies consumption of the control sugar confection resulted in significant demineralization (progression) of the enamel subsurface lesions. However, consumption of the sugar confections containing CPP-ACP did not result in lesion progression, but in fact in significant remineralization (regression) of the lesions. Remineralization by consumption of the sugar + 1.0% CPP-ACP confection was significantly greater than that obtained with the sugar-free confection.
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D002182:Candy; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000473:pathology; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008852:Microradiography; D008875:Middle Aged; D013402:Sugar Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D004187:Disaccharides; D013402:Sugar Alcohols; D013549:Sweetening Agents; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; C016640:Palatinit; D005947:Glucose