title: Association between regulatory T cell activity and sepsis and outcome of severely burned patients: a prospective, observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the significance of changes in regulatory T cells (Tregs) activity and its relationship with sepsis, as well as outcome of patients with major burns.
  
  
  METHODS
  The periphery blood samples of 106 patients were collected on post-burn days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21. Tregs were isolated and their phenotypes (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 and forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3) were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the contents of cytokines (interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1) released into supernatants by Tregs were also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Gene expressions of cytokines were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expressions of Tregs phenotypes and gene/protein expression of cytokines were all elevated after burn, and there were obvious differences among patients with various burn sizes. They were also higher in septic patients than those without sepsis. Among septic patients, the expressions of Tregs phenotypes and the levels of cytokines were markedly lower in the survival group than those in patients with fatal outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe burn injury per se could lead to the changes in Tregs activities. Elevated levels of cytokines produced by Tregs and activation markers on Tregs surface might play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and mortality in burned patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Burns Institute, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fu-cheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China. burnshlf@sina.com
authors.forename: Li-Feng
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yong-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Li-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Zhi-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Sheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D017931:DNA Primers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D016753:Interleukin-10