title: Silodosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, and safety of silodosin, a recently approved alpha(1A)-adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  English-only articles obtained from MEDLINE (1966-October 2009) using the search terms silodosin and KMD-3213 were reviewed. In addition, a search of International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-October 2009) was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Available English-language articles were reviewed, as well as abstracts from available non-English articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Silodosin reduces urinary symptoms associated with BPH in as little as 1 day after initiation. The largest clinical trial conducted to date demonstrated a decrease in International Prostate Symptom Score of -6.4 +/- 6.63 points compared to -3.5 +/- 5.84 in patients receiving placebo (p < 0.0001). Silodosin also improved urinary flow rates by approximately 2.8 +/- 3.44 mL/sec, which is comparable to other alpha(1)-AR antagonists. The usual dose of silodosin is 8 mg once daily and should be reduced to 4 mg for patients with moderate renal dysfunction. Use is contraindicated in patients with severe renal and hepatic impairment or taking strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. In clinical trials, the most prevalent adverse effects were ejaculatory disturbances, occurring in approximately 28% of patients, although only 2.8% of patients discontinued treatment due to this adverse effect. Preliminary data suggest that, similar to other third-generation alpha(1A)-AR antagonists, silodosin has little potential to cause significant cardiovascular adverse effects such as orthostatic hypotension or syncope. To confirm these findings, long-term studies are still needed, especially in patients taking antihypertensive agents and in those with a history of intolerance to other alpha(1)-AR antagonists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Silodosin was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2008. Long-term studies demonstrating improvement in clinically important outcomes of BPH have yet to be published. In addition, pharmacoeconomic analyses would assist in defining its current place in therapy. Until this information is available, silodosin may be best reserved as an alternative to other second- and third-generation alpha(1)-AR antagonists.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa; Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA. matthew.cantrell@va.gov
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cantrell
authors.forename: Heather R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Bream-Rouwenhorst
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hemerson
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Magera
mesh_terms: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1
chemical_list: C547713:ADRA1A protein, human; D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D007211:Indoles; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; C095285:silodosin