title: The impact of smoking and polymorphic enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism on the stage of bladder tumors: a generalized ordered logistic regression analysis.
abstract: Cigarette smoking is the predominant risk factor for bladder cancer in males and females. The tobacco carcinogens are metabolized by various xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes such as N-acetyltransferases (NAT) and glutathione S-transferases (GST). Polymorphisms in NAT and GST genes alter the ability of these enzymes to metabolize carcinogens. In this paper, we conduct a statistical analysis based on logistic regressions to assess the impact of smoking and metabolizing enzyme genotypes on the risk to develop bladder cancer using a case-control study from Tunisia. We also use the generalized ordered logistic model to investigate whether these factors do have an impact on the progression of bladder tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada. samikhedhiri@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khedhiri
authors.forename: Nejla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stambouli
authors.forename: Slah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ouerhani
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rouissi
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marrakchi
authors.forename: Amel B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Gaaied
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Slama
mesh_terms: D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1