title: Final report on the safety assessment of amino nitrophenols as used in hair dyes.
abstract: 2-Amino-3-nitrophenol, 2-amino-4-nitrophenol, 2-amino-5-nitrophenol, 4-amino-3-nitrophenol, 4-amino-2-nitrophenol, 2-amino-4-nitrophenol sulfate, 3-nitro-p-hydroxyethylaminophenol, and 4-hydroxypropylamino-3-nitrophenol are substituted aromatic compounds used as semipermanent (nonoxidative) hair colorants and as toners in permanent (oxidative) hair dye products. All ingredients in this group except 2-amino-4-nitrophenol sulfate, 2-amino-5-nitrophenol, and 4-amino-2-nitrophenol have reported uses in cosmetics at use concentrations from 2% to 9%. The available toxicity studies for these amino nitrophenol hair dyes did not suggest safety concerns except for the potential carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of 4-amino-2-nitrophenol. 2-Amino-3-nitrophenol, 2-amino-4-nitrophenol, 2-amino-4-nitrophenol sulfate, 2-amino-5-nitrophenol, 4-amino-3-nitrophenol, 3-nitro-p-hydroxyethylaminophenol, and 4-hydroxypropylamino-3-nitrophenol are safe as hair dye ingredients in the practices of use and concentration as described in this safety assessment, but the data are insufficient to make a safety determination for 4-amino-2-nitrophenol.
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 1101 17th Street, NW, Suite 412, Washington, DC 20036, USA. cirinfo@cir-safety.org
authors.forename: Christina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: Wilma F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Bergfeld
authors.forename: Donald V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Belsito
authors.forename: Curtis D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Klaassen
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Shank
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Slaga
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alan Andersen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D003358:Cosmetics; D004340:Drug Contamination; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006202:Hair Dyes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011817:Rabbits; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012449:Safety; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D003358:Cosmetics; D006202:Hair Dyes; D007509:Irritants; D009153:Mutagens; D009596:Nitrophenols