title: Low-profile 1-piece bifrontal craniotomy for anterior skull base approach and reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The anterior skull base is a location of many pathologic lesions. These pathologic lesions are treated by bifrontal craniotomy and anterior skull base approach, either primarily or combined with facial osteotomies. To obtain wide exposure, low-profile craniotomies are preferred. In this article, we attempt to describe our own technique of frontal craniotomy for anterior skull base approach. In this technique, the frontal bone, frontal sinus, and the superior supraorbital bar are elevated in en bloc fashion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bicoronal skin incision is followed by dissection and retraction of the skin flap in the epigaleal plan. The pericranial galeal flap is dissected separately in subperiosteal fashion until the superior orbital rim. After dissection and retraction of the tip of the temporal muscles, bilateral pterional key burr holes and 1 or 2 parasagittal burr holes are opened. The sagittal burr hole(s) is placed in the point where the upper horizontal surface of the frontal bone slopes vertically downward the forehead. With the craniotome rotating tip (Midas F2/8TA23, Medtronic Inc, Ft Worth, TX), bone cut is made between the pterional key burr holes, passing through the superior orbital bar and the anterior wall of the frontal sinus. To minimize the brain retraction, the operating microscope is placed beside the head, and exposure from the lateral view angle is obtained. Reconstruction of the defect is performed by using pericranial galeal flap and/or Cortoss (Orthovita, Malvern, PA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  With this approach, wide exposure of the anterior skull base pathologic lesions was achieved with minimal brain retraction. In the postoperative period, patients tolerated this approach well with favorable functional and cosmetic outcomes. No infections or adverse effects related to this technique or Cortoss were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anterior skull base pathologic lesions can be widely exposed by low-profile bicoronal craniotomy and anterior skull base approach with minimal brain retraction. This wide exposure allows us to gain more control of the pathologic lesion with better resection and reconstruction, reflected on the prognosis of the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozlen
authors.forename: Bashar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abuzayed
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dashti
authors.forename: Cihan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Isler
authors.forename: Necmettin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanriover
authors.forename: Galip Zihni
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Sanus
mesh_terms: D003399:Craniotomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps