Cellular responses after exposure of lung cell cultures to secondary organic aerosol particles.
The scope of this work was to examine in vitro responses of lung cells to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles, under realistic ambient air and physiological conditions occurring when particles are inhaled by mammals, using a novel particle deposition chamber. The cell cultures included cell types that are representative for the inner surface of airways and alveoli and are the target cells for inhaled particles. The results demonstrate that an exposure to SOA at ambient-air concentrations of about 10(4) particles/cm(3) for 2 h leads to only moderate cellular responses. There is evidence for (i) cell type specific effects and for (ii) different effects of SOA originating from anthropogenic and biogenic precursors, i.e. 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and alpha-pinene, respectively. There was no indication for cytotoxic effects but for subtle changes in cellular functions that are essential for lung homeostasis. Decreased phagocytic activity was found in human macrophages exposed to SOA from alpha-pinene. Alveolar epithelial wound repair was affected by TMB-SOA exposure, mainly because of altered cell spreading and migration at the edge of the wound. In addition, cellular responses were found to correlate with particle number concentration, as interleukin-8 production was increased in pig explants exposed to TMB-SOA with high particle numbers.
Gaschen
Annina
A
Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Lang
Doris
D
Kalberer
Markus
M
Savi
Melanie
M
Geiser
Thomas
T
Gazdhar
Amiq
A
Lehr
Claus-Michael
CM
Bur
Michael
M
Dommen
Josef
J
Baltensperger
Urs
U
Geiser
Marianne
M
D000336:Aerosols / Q000633:toxicity*; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000633:toxicity; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D016209:Interleukin-8; D039821:Monoterpenes; C005451:alpha-pinene