title: Type I gamma phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase modulates invasion and proliferation and its expression correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The loss of E-cadherin based cell-cell contacts and tumor cell migration to the vasculature and lymphatic system are hallmarks of metastasis of epithelial cancers. Type I gamma phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPKIgamma), an enzyme that generates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2) a lipid messenger and precursor to many additional second messengers, was found to regulate E-cadherin cell-cell contacts and growth factor-stimulated directional cell migration, indicating that PIPKIgamma regulates key steps in metastasis. Here, we assess the expression of PIPKIgamma in breast cancers and have shown that expression correlated with disease progression and outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a tissue microarray, we analyzed 438 breast carcinomas for the levels of PIPKIgamma and investigated the correlation of PIPKIgamma expression with patient survival via Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Moreover, via knockdown of the expression of PIPKIgamma in cultured breast cancer cells with siRNA, the roles of PIPKIgamma in breast cancer migration, invasion, and proliferation were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tissue microarray data shows that approximately 18% of the cohort immunostained showed high expression of PIPKIgamma. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation between strong PIPKIgamma expression and overall patient survival. Expression of PIPKIgamma correlated positively with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, which regulates breast cancer progression and metastasis. In cultured breast cancer cells, PIPKIgamma is required for growth factor stimulated migration, invasion, and proliferation of cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results reveal a significant correlation between PIPKIgamma expression and the progression of breast cancer. This is consistent with PIPKIgamma 's role in breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Dmitry A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Turbin
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Narendra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thapa
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Huntsman
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C020077:1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase