title: Novel THAP1 sequence variants in primary dystonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  THAP1 encodes a transcription factor (THAP1) that harbors an atypical zinc finger domain and regulates cell proliferation. An exon 2 insertion/deletion frameshift mutation in THAP1 is responsible for DYT6 dystonia in Amish-Mennonites. Subsequent screening efforts in familial, mainly early-onset, primary dystonia identified additional THAP1 sequence variants in non-Amish subjects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine a large cohort of subjects with mainly adult-onset primary dystonia for sequence variants in THAP1.
  
  
  METHODS
  With high-resolution melting, all 3 THAP1 exons were screened for sequence variants in 1,114 subjects with mainly adult-onset primary dystonia, 96 with unclassified dystonia, and 600 controls (400 neurologically normal and 200 with Parkinson disease). In addition, all 3 THAP1 exons were sequenced in 200 subjects with dystonia and 200 neurologically normal controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine unique melting curves were found in 19 subjects from 16 families with primary dystonia and 1 control. Age at dystonia onset ranged from 8 to 69 years (mean 48 years). Sequencing identified 6 novel missense mutations in conserved regions of THAP1 (G9C [cervical, masticatory, arm], D17G [cervical], F132S [laryngeal], I149T [cervical and generalized], A166T [laryngeal], and Q187K [cervical]). One subject with blepharospasm and another with laryngeal dystonia harbored a c.-42C>T variant. A c.57C>T silent variant was found in 1 subject with segmental craniocervical dystonia. An intron 1 variant (c.71+9C>A) was present in 7 subjects with dystonia (7/1,210) but only 1 control (1/600).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A heterogeneous collection of THAP1 sequence variants is associated with varied anatomical distributions and onset ages of both familial and sporadic primary dystonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Bastian
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Perlmutter
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Racette
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Tabbal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Paniello
authors.forename: Z K
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Wszolek
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Uitti
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Van Gerpen
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tarsy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hedera
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Frei
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dev Batish
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blitzer
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: LeDoux
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020125:Mutation, Missense / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C474080:THAP1 protein, human