title: The effectiveness of a school-based substance abuse prevention program: 18-month follow-up of the EU-Dap cluster randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based substance abuse prevention program developed in the EU-Dap study (EUropean Drug Addiction Prevention trial).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Seven European countries participated in the study; 170 schools (7079 pupils 12-14 years of age) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions or to a control condition during the school year 2004/2005. The program consisted of a 12-h curriculum based on a comprehensive social influence approach. A pre-test survey assessing past and current substance use was conducted before the implementation of the program, while a post-test survey was carried out about 18 months after the pre-test. The association between program condition and change in substance use at post-test was expressed as adjusted prevalence odds ratio (POR), estimated by multilevel regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Persisting beneficial program effects were found for episodes of drunkenness (any, POR=0.80; 0.67-0.97; frequent, POR=0.62; 0.47-0.81) and for frequent cannabis use in the past 30 days (POR=0.74; 0.53-1.00), whereas daily cigarette smoking was not affected by the program as it was at the short-term follow-up. Baseline non-smokers that participated in the program progressed in tobacco consumption to a lower extent than those in the control condition, but no difference was detected in the proportion of quitters or reducers among baseline daily smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experimental evaluation of an innovative school curriculum based on a comprehensive social influence approach, indicated persistent positive effects over 18 months for alcohol abuse and for cannabis use, but not for cigarette smoking.
authors.affiliation: Avogadro University, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy. fabrizio.faggiano@med.unipmn.it
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faggiano
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vigna-Taglianti
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burkhart
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bohrn
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cuomo
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gregori
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panella
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scatigna
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siliquini
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Varona
authors.forename: Peer
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van der Kreeft
authors.forename: Maro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vassara
authors.forename: Gudrun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wiborg
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Galanti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003479:Curriculum; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006266:Health Education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012574:Schools; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013334:Students; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome