title: Hypopharyngeal perforation during endoscopic ultrasound treated by primary repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An endoscopic ultrasound scan is a common procedure used to diagnose conditions of the upper gastrointestinal tract. We present a case of hypopharyngeal perforation complicating endoscopic ultrasound scan treated with primary surgical repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 62-year-old woman underwent an endoscopic ultrasound scan for investigation of a pancreatic lesion. A high esophageal perforation occurred during the procedure. She underwent emergency repair of this perforation via an external approach. Unfortunately her recovery was complicated by a pleural effusion which required a chest drain. She made a complete recovery, which was confirmed with a barium swallow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upper esophageal perforation is a rare complication of an endoscopic ultrasound scan and, to our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of hypopharyngeal perforation. The risk factors, incidence, and management of perforations are reviewed. Early recognition of hypopharyngeal perforation is important and, in selected cases, immediate repair of the defect can lead to a good result.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Birmingham, United Kingdom. neilsharma@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Mudit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.forename: Brinder
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mahon
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pracy
mesh_terms: D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007013:Hypopharynx / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000209:etiology; D014463:Ultrasonography