title: Comparative study of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of titanium oxide and aluminium oxide nanoparticles in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells.
abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of titanium oxide (TiO(2)) and aluminium oxide (Al(2)O(3)) nanoparticles (NPs) on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells using neutral red (NR), mitochondrial activity (by MTT assay), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronucleus (MN) formation, and cell cycle kinetics techniques. Results showed a dose-related cytotoxic effect evidenced after 24h by changes in lysosomal and mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Interestingly, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) showed the formation of perinuclear vesicles in CHO-K1 cells after treatment with both NPs during 24h but no NP was detected in the nuclei. Genotoxic effects were shown by MN frequencies which significantly increased at 0.5 and 1 microg/mL TiO(2) and 0.5-10 microg/mL Al(2)O(3). SCE frequencies were higher for cells treated with 1-5 microg/mL TiO(2). The absence of metaphases evidenced cytotoxicity for higher concentrations of TiO(2). No SCE induction was achieved after treatment with 1-25 microg/mL Al(2)O(3). In conclusion, findings showed cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of TiO(2) and Al(2)O(3) NPs on CHO-K1 cells. Possible causes of controversial reports are discussed further on.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Diag 113 y 64, Correo 16, Suc 4, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Di Virgilio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reigosa
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Arnal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández Lorenzo de Mele
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D009153:Mutagens; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide