title: Actual motor performance and self-perceived motor competence in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder compared with healthy siblings and peers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently experience comorbid motor problems, developmental coordination disorder. Also, children with ADHD are said to overestimate their abilities in the cognitive and social domain, the so-called "Positive Illusory Bias." In this cross-sectional study, the relationship between actual motor performance and perceived motor competence was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Motor performance was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children in 100 children and adolescents (age 6-17 years), including 32 children with ADHD combined type, 18 unaffected siblings, and 50 healthy control children. ADHD was diagnosed using Parent and Teacher questionnaires and a clinical interview. Perceived motor competence and interest in the motor domain were rated with the Dutch supplement scale to Harters' Self-Perception Profile for Children, especially focusing on the motor domain (m-CBSK).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with ADHD had poorer motor performance than unaffected siblings and control children, especially in the field of manual dexterity. However, no relationship was found between motor performance and perceived motor competence. Only children with the very lowest motor performance had a significantly lowered perception of their motor competence. Interest in the motor domain and motor self-perception was positively correlated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with ADHD performed poorer on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, but generally overestimated their own motor competence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. E.Fliers@psy.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Ellen A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fliers
authors.forename: Marieke L A
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: de Hoog
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Stephen V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Faraone
authors.forename: Nanda N J
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Rommelse
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Buitelaar
authors.forename: Maria W G
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Nijhuis-van der Sanden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009048:Motor Skills; D010379:Peer Group; D010465:Perception; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012647:Self-Assessment; D035781:Siblings / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires