title: SPARC suppresses apoptosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis fibroblasts through constitutive activation of beta-catenin.
abstract: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a poorly understood progressive disease characterized by the accumulation of scar tissue in the lung interstitium. A hallmark of the disease is areas of injury to type II alveolar epithelial cells with attendant accumulation of fibroblasts in areas called fibroblastic foci. In an effort to better characterize the lung fibroblast phenotype in IPF patients, we isolated fibroblasts from patients with IPF and looked for activation of signaling proteins, which could help explain the exaggerated fibrogenic response in IPF. We found that IPF fibroblasts constitutively expressed increased basal levels of SPARC, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and active beta-catenin compared with control cells. Control of basal PAI-1 expression in IPF fibroblasts was regulated by SPARC-mediated activation of Akt, leading to inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and activation of beta-catenin. Additionally, IPF fibroblasts (but not control fibroblasts) were resistant to plasminogen-induced apoptosis and were sensitized to plasminogen-mediated apoptosis by inhibition of SPARC or beta-catenin. These findings uncover a newly discovered regulatory pathway in IPF fibroblasts that is characterized by elevated SPARC, giving rise to activated beta-catenin, which regulates expression of downstream genes, such as PAI-1, and confers an apoptosis-resistant phenotype. Disruption of this pathway may represent a novel therapeutic target in IPF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305-5236, USA.
authors.forename: Wenteh
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Susan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Daya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weill
authors.forename: Glenn D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015676:Osteonectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000494:pharmacology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D015676:Osteonectin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D051176:beta Catenin; D010958:Plasminogen; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3