title: Prostate cancer genes associated with TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion and prognostic of biochemical recurrence in multiple cohorts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have indicated that prostate cancer patients with the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion have a higher risk of recurrence. To identify markers associated with TMPRSS2-ERG fusion and prognostic of biochemical recurrence, we analysed a cohort of 139 men with prostate cancer for 502 molecular markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  RNA from radical prostatectomy tumour specimens was analysed using cDNA-mediated, annealing, selection, extension and ligation (DASL) to determine mRNAs associated with TMPRSS2-ERG T1/E4 fusion and prognostic of biochemical recurrence. Differentially expressed mRNAs in T1/E4-positive tumours were determined using significance analysis of microarrays (false discovery rate (FDR) <5%). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression determined genes, gene signatures and clinical factors prognostic of recurrence (P-value <0.05, log-rank test). Analysis of two prostate microarray studies (GSE1065 and GSE8402) validated the findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 139 patients from this study and from a 455-patient Swedish cohort, 15 genes in common were differentially regulated in T1/E4 fusion-positive tumours (FDR <0.05). The most significant mRNAs in both cohorts coded ERG. Nine genes were found prognostic of recurrence in this study and in a 596-patient Minnesota cohort. A molecular recurrence score was significant in prognosticating recurrence (P-value 0.000167) and remained significant in multivariate analysis of a mixed clinical model considering Gleason score and TMPRSS2-ERG fusion status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TMPRSS2-ERG T1/E4 fusion-positive tumours had differentially regulated mRNAs observed in multiple studies, the most significant one coded for ERG. Several mRNAs were consistently associated with biochemical recurrence and have potential clinical utility but will require further validation for successful translation.
authors.affiliation: Emory Biomarker Service Center, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Barwick
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abramovitz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodani
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouzyk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leyland-Jones
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D050939:Gene Fusion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C515553:TMPRSS2-ERG fusion protein, human; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen