title: [Relationship between four single nucleotide polymorphisms of epithelial sodium channel alpha subunit gene and essential hypertension of Kazakhs in Xinjiang].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationship between G2139A,G3091A, T663A, and T3593C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are located at the promoter region,13th exon, and 2nd intron of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) gene, and their haplotypes with essential hypertension (EH) in Kazakhs in Xinjiang.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted including 252 EH patients (EH group) and 254 normotensive subjects (NT group) among Kazakhs in Xinjiang. The four genetic polymorphisms were identified by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism. The distribution of the genotypes and alleles in all subjects and the different frequency of these four SNPs between EH group and NT group were analyzed. The linkage disequilibrium and haplotypes of these four SNPs were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These four SNPs of alpha ENaC gene existed in Xinjiang Kazakhs. In all subjects, the distribution frequencies of genotypes AA, AG, and GG at G2139A were 26.2%, 52.3%, and 21.5%, respectively, and those of alleles (A, G) were 52.37% and 47.63%. The distribution frequencies of genotypes AA, AG, and GG at G3091A were 19.0%, 52.5%, and 28.5%, respectively, and those of and alleles (A, G) were 45.56% and 59.44%. The distribution frequencies of genotypes AA, AG, and GG at T663A were 15.6%, 49.9%, and 34.5%, respectively, and those of alleles (A, G) were 40.53% and 59.47%. The distribution frequencies of genotypes TT, TC, and CC at T3593C were 88.5%, 10.5%, and 1.0%, respectively, and those of alleles (T, C) were 93.77% and 6.23%. The distribution of genotypes at these four SNPs were all consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in this population (P0.05). The distribution frequencies of genotypes and alleles about these four genetic polymorphisms were not significantly different between the EH group and NT group (P0.05). However, the frequencies of two haplotypes were found to be significantly different between these two groups (P0.05). The haplotype frequency which included 2139G, 3091A, 663G, and 3593T alleles was significantly increased in EH group (P0.01), while the haplotype frequency which included 2139A, 3091A, 663A, and 3593C alleles was significantly increased in NT group (P0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The haplotypes that are composed of G2139A, G3091A, T663A, and T3593C polymorphisms of alphaENaC gene may play an important role in the development of EH among Kazakhs in Xinjiang. The haplotypes that are composed of 2139G, 3091A, 663G, and 3593T alleles may aggravate the development of EH. The haplotypes that composed of 2139A, 3091A, 663A, and 3593C alleles may decrease the risk of EH among Kazakhs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hypertension, the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Nan-fang
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei-jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Ou Yang
authors.forename: Qiu-yan
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics*; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels