title: Genomewide RNA expression profiling in lung identifies distinct signatures in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and secondary pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by pulmonary arteriolar remodeling. This investigation aimed to identify genes involved specifically in the pathogenesis of PAH and not other forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Using genomewide microarray analysis, we generated the largest data set to date of RNA expression profiles from lung tissue specimens from 1) 18 PAH subjects and 2) 8 subjects with PH secondary to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 3) 13 normal subjects. A molecular signature of 4,734 genes discriminated among these three cohorts. We identified significant novel biological changes that were likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of PAH, including regulation of actin-based motility, protein ubiquitination, and cAMP, transforming growth factor-beta, MAPK, estrogen receptor, nitric oxide, and PDGF signaling. Bone morphogenic protein receptor type II expression was downregulated, even in subjects without a mutation in this gene. Women with PAH had higher expression levels of estrogen receptor 1 than normal women. Real-time quantitative PCR confirmed differential expression of the following genes in PAH relative to both normal controls and PH secondary to IPF: a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif 9, cell adhesion molecule with homology to L1CAM, cytochrome b(558) and beta-polypeptide, coagulation factor II receptor-like 3, A-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog 1, nuclear receptor coactivator 2, purinergic receptor P2Y, platelet factor 4, phospholamban, and tropomodulin 3. This study shows that PAH and PH secondary to IPF are characterized by distinct gene expression signatures, implying distinct pathophysiological mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Institute, Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582, USA.
authors.forename: Revathi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajkumar
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ishizawar
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wiechert
authors.forename: Naftali
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaminski
authors.forename: Ferhaan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D052006:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000150:complications; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D012313:RNA; C498218:BMPR2 protein, human; D052006:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II