title: Combined treatment of pancreatic cancer with mithramycin A and tolfenamic acid promotes Sp1 degradation and synergistic antitumor activity.
abstract: Mithramycin (MIT) and tolfenamic acid (TA) inhibit the activity of the transcription factor Sp1. In the present study, we investigated whether pancreatic cancer treatment with a combination of these compounds has a synergistic effect on Sp1 activity, tumor growth, and their underlying response mechanisms. Treatment of pancreatic tumor xenografts with MIT and TA produced dose-dependent antitumor activity, and significant antitumor activity of either compound alone was directly associated with systemic side effects. Combination treatment with nontoxic doses of both compounds produced synergistic antitumor activity, whereas treatment with a nontoxic dose of either compound alone lacked a discernible antitumor effect. Synergistic therapeutic effects correlated directly with synergistic antiproliferation and antiangiogenesis in vitro. Moreover, combination treatment resulted in Sp1 protein degradation, drastically downregulating expression of Sp1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Our findings established that Sp1 is a critical target of TA and MIT in human pancreatic cancer therapy, rationalizing clinical studies to determine the effect of existing pancreatic cancer therapy regimens on Sp1 signaling in tumors and normal pancreatic tissue, and the ability of Sp1-targeting strategies to modify cancer responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Zhiliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiangdong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Daoyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: David Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Suyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Keping
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008926:Plicamycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C009500:tolfenamic acid; C066851:mithramycin A; D008926:Plicamycin