title: Oestrogen receptor-alpha contributes to the regulation of the hedgehog signalling pathway in ERalpha-positive gastric cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) is highly expressed in diffuse-type gastric cancer and oestrogen increases the proliferation of ERalpha-positive gastric cancer. However, a detailed mechanism by which oestrogen increases the proliferation of these cells is still unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used 17-beta-oestradiol (E2) as a stimulator against the ERalpha pathway. Pure anti-oestrogen drug ICI 182 780 (ICI) and small interfering RNA against ERalpha (ERalpha siRNA) were used as inhibitors. Cyclopamine (Cyc) was used as the hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor. Two human ERalpha-positive gastric cancer cells were used as target cells. Effects of the stimulator and inhibitor on E2-induced cell proliferation were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In ERalpha-positive cells, E2 increased not only cell proliferation but also one of the ligands of the Hh pathway, Shh expression. 17-beta-Oestradiol-induced cell proliferation was suppressed by ICI, ERalpha siRNA or Cyc. The increased expression of Shh induced by E2 was suppressed by ICI and ERalpha siRNA but not by Cyc. Furthermore, recombinant Shh activated the Hh pathway and increased cell proliferation, whereas anti-Shh antibody suppressed E2-induced cell proliferation. When a relationship between ERalpha and Shh expressions was analysed using surgically resected gastric cancer specimens, a positive correlation was found, suggesting a linkage between the ERalpha and Hh pathways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that activation of the ERalpha pathway promotes cell proliferation by activating the Hh pathway in a ligand-dependent manner through Shh induction of ERalpha-positive gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kameda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katano
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013723:Teratogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014704:Veratrum Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; C509239:SHH protein, human; D013723:Teratogens; D014704:Veratrum Alkaloids; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D004958:Estradiol; C000541:cyclopamine