title: The relationship between discrimination and substance use disorders among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the associations between 3 types of discrimination (sexual orientation, race, and gender) and substance use disorders in a large national sample in the United States that included 577 lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, which used structured diagnostic face-to-face interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than two thirds of LGB adults reported at least 1 type of discrimination in their lifetimes. Multivariate analyses indicated that the odds of past-year substance use disorders were nearly 4 times greater among LGB adults who reported all 3 types of discrimination prior to the past year than for LGB adults who did not report discrimination (adjusted odds ratio = 3.85; 95% confidence interval = 1.71, 8.66).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health professionals should consider the role multiple types of discrimination plays in the development and treatment of substance use disorders among LGB adults.
authors.affiliation: CorrespSubstance Abuse Research Center and the Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA. plius@umich.edu
authors.forename: Sean Esteban
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: Wendy B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Bostwick
authors.forename: Tonda L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Brady T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Carol J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Boyd
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001727:Bisexuality; D005260:Female; D018452:Homosexuality, Female; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011287:Prejudice; D015995:Prevalence; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult