title: MicroRNA-223 regulates Glut4 expression and cardiomyocyte glucose metabolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important for cardiac function and tissue metabolism. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role(s) of miRNAs in the insulin-resistant heart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left ventricular biopsies were collected from patients with or without type 2 diabetes and from patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Quantitative miRNA expression analyses of 155 miRNAs revealed that miR-223 was consistently upregulated in the insulin-resistant heart. We assessed the effects of miR-223 on glucose metabolism in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes where adenoviral-mediated overexpression of miR-223 increased glucose uptake. Using in silico miRNA target prediction programs, we prioritized candidate miR-223 target genes, but observed no effect of miR-223 on myocyte enhancer factor 2c or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, and an unexpected miR-223-induced increase in nuclear factor IA. We next examined the effects of miR-223 on insulin signalling and glucose transport proteins. Neither phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling nor AMP kinase activity was affected by miR-223 overexpression, whereas glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) protein expression was increased. miR-223 overexpression-induced Glut4 protein expression in cardiomyocytes was necessary and sufficient for increased glucose uptake as demonstrated by siRNA knockdown of Glut4. Loss-of-function studies in vivo, using a synthetic miR-223 inhibitor, confirmed the effect of miR-223 on Glut4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate a role for miR-223 in Glut4 regulation and glucose metabolism in the heart, reveal the pleiotropic effects of miRNAs across tissues, and show that miRNAs can upregulate target genes in terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes.
authors.affiliation: MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Rachel J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Buchan
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D035683:MicroRNAs; C525067:MIR223, human; C495694:Slc2a4 protein, rat