title: Determinants of outcome in patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia: importance of early adequate treatment.
abstract: We set out to determine the factors influencing mortality in 125 adult patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), assessing the impact on outcomes of early adequate therapy in particular. Presumed prognostic factors with p < 0.1 in the unadjusted model were subjected to multivariate Cox regression analysis, with in-hospital and 90-day mortalities as the dependent variables. A time period of >4 h from admission to start of adequate antibiotic treatment (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-6.45; p =0.037) and severe sepsis or septic shock (aHR 5.06, 95% CI 1.63-15.71; p = 0.005) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Variables associated with 90-day mortality were Charlson comorbidity index (aHR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.34; p = 0.018), severe sepsis or septic shock (aHR 3.03, 95% CI 1.22-7.51; p = 0.016) and delay of adequate antibiotic therapy >4 h (aHR 2.21, 95% CI 1.01-4.86; p = 0.048). The use of combination therapy was not included in these models but was a protective factor for delayed adequate therapy (aHR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29-0.95; p = 0.033). Administration of adequate antimicrobial therapy within 4 h of arrival is a critical determinant of survival in patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal CAP.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garnacho-Montero
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Cabrera
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diaz-Martín
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lepe-Jiménez
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iraurgi-Arcarazo
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Alvarez
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Revuelto-Rey
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aznar-Martín
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents