title: Developmental milestones in infants and young Australasian children with achondroplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Achondroplasia, the most common form of chondrodysplasia (inherited skeletal dysplasia), is characterized by a significant delay in the development of communication and motor skills, particularly during the first 2 years. Although some information regarding timing of development for children with achondroplasia is available, no study has evaluated simultaneously the pattern of skill development across multiple key developmental areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a retrospective questionnaire to quantify developmental data on milestone achievement. Twenty families of children with achondroplasia throughout Australia and New Zealand were asked to document age of acquisition for 41 gross motor, fine motor, and communication and feeding milestones. More than one half of the items assessed were milestones identified in the Australian State Government Personal Health Record Books. The results are compared with previously available information regarding development of motor skills by a cohort of American children with achondroplasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the results support previously reported delays in gross motor and communication skill development, fine motor development does not seem to be as delayed as previously suggested. Information on development of self-feeding skills is presented for the first time and occurs later in this group than the typically developing population. We describe 2 distinctive and previously unreported methods of transitioning between static positions commonly used by children with achondroplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delays were reported across gross motor and communication and feeding skills but were not observed during development of fine motor skills. Additional information is also offered regarding a variety of unusual movement strategies demonstrated by young children with achondroplasia.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. penny_ireland@health.qld.gov.au
authors.forename: Penelope Jane
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ireland
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Donaghey
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGill
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zankl
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.forename: Verity
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pacey
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ault
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Savarirayan
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sillence
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Sharron
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Townshend
mesh_terms: D000130:Achondroplasia; D001315:Australia; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009048:Motor Skills; D009520:New Zealand; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires