title: Managing atrial fibrillation in active patients and athletes.
abstract: Atrial fibrillation in young or middle-aged active patients can often be managed with medication. Evaluation should address associated conditions and predisposing factors such as idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, congenital heart disease, hyperthyroidism, excess alcohol or other drug use, and exercise-induced catecholamine release. Diagnostic studies may include an ECG, 24-hour Holter or event monitoring, exercise treadmill testing, stress echocardiography, electrophysiologic studies, and laboratory testing. Electrocardioversion provides rapid, predictable treatment, but ablation therapy is sometimes needed.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Reiss