title: Transplantation of MSCs in combination with netrin-1 improves neoangiogenesis in a rat model of hind limb ischemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Similar to the neural network, the vascular network is formed from central axial structures that send sprouts along predetermined trajectories to their distal destinations. Indeed, recent evidence indicates that neuronal guidance factors and their receptors function as angiogenic regulators. As neural guidance cues, netrin-1 is the most extensively studied gene in the field of angiogenesis. Despite achieving some advances in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in angiogenesis, there are still a certain number of patients who fail to respond to cell therapy. Thus, a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance the angiogenic property of transplanted cells is desirable. This study examined the impact of combined netrin-1 protein and MSC implantation on therapeutic angiogenesis in a rat model of hind limb ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hind limb ischemic rats (n = 24) were divided randomly into four groups (six rats per group): control group (0.05 mL saline); netrin-1 group (1 μg netrin-1 dissolved in 0.05 mL saline); MSC group (1 × 10(6) MSCs); and netrin-1/MSCs group (1 μg netrin-1 combined with MSCs). Netrin-1 and/or MSCs were injected directly into the muscle of the ischemic limb. Gross appearance of ischemic limb, collateral vessel formation, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level were assessed 28 d after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that pretreatment of MSCs with a recombinant netrin-1 protein markedly augmented the angiographic score and capillary density, improved function of the ischemic limb, and increased levels of VEGF in the plasma and damaged tissues. Further studies assaying the cell migration and network formation suggested that netrin-1 promoted MSC migration and enhanced its ability to participate in tube formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrated that transplantation of MSCs pretreated with netrin-1 protein significantly improved the therapeutic effect of MSCs and, therefore, may provide a novel therapeutic approach for ischemic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xianghong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yunli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Xinsheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000188:drug therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000075388:Netrin-1; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015424:Reperfusion / Q000379:methods; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; C000617354:Ntn1 protein, rat; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D000075388:Netrin-1