title: Initial experience with endobronchial ultrasound in an academic thoracic surgery program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mediastinoscopy is considered the gold standard for evaluating mediastinal lymph nodes. However, endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration has lately offered a less invasive alternative, with the ability to obtain nodal samples under direct visualization. Recent literature found an early learning curve for this technique. We present the initial experience of 4 thoracic surgeons with the procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed on the first 51 patients on whom an endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration was performed from January 5, 2007, to July 24, 2008. This group included 43 patients with a history or known diagnosis of malignancy as well as 8 patients with a presumed sarcoidosis diagnosis. All negative results were confirmed with mediastinoscopy. The technique's sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 73 lymph nodes underwent biopsy in 51 patients. These individuals included 34 men and 17 women, with an average age of 62 years (range, 21-89 years). No surgical or postoperative complications were noted. Overall, a correct diagnosis was established in 88% of the patients (45 of 51). After the first 25 cases (a mean of 6 cases per surgeon), a technique modification was adapted to increase diagnostic yield. The first 25 cases had a 72.22% sensitivity and 80% accuracy, whereas the last 26 cases had a 95.45% sensitivity and 96.15% accuracy (P = .07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration is a quickly mastered technique that offers a safe, minimally invasive, and accurate means to evaluate mediastinal lymph nodes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, USA. costas.bizekis@nyumc.org
authors.forename: Costas S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Bizekis
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Santo
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Zervos
authors.forename: Jessica S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Donington
authors.forename: Bernard K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Harvey I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Pass
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult