title: Olfactory ensheathing cells: attractant of neural progenitor migration to olfactory bulb.
abstract: Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are the glial cells that derive from the olfactory placode, envelop olfactory axons in the course of migration from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb and reside primarily in the olfactory nerve layer. OECs transplantation as a promising experimental therapy for axonal injuries has been intensively studied; however, little is known about their roles in olfactory bulb development. In this study, we examined the effects of OECs on the migration of neural progenitors in rostral migratory stream (RMS). Initially, the neurosphere migration assay showed that OEC-conditioned medium promoted progenitors to migrate from RMS neurospheres in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, co-culturing OECs nearby the RMS explants led to asymmetric migration of explants in different developing stages. However, OECs could influence the migration in a distance not further than 1.5 mm. Finally, slice assay that mimic the circumstance in vivo revealed that OECs had a chemoattractive activity on RMS neural progenitors. Together, these results demonstrate that OECs attract neural progenitors in RMS through the release of diffusible factors and it is likely that OECs mainly influence radial migration in the olfactory bulb but not tangential migration of the RMS invivo during development. This suggests a previously unknown function for OECs in olfactory development and a novel mechanism underlying the targeting of RMS cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Zhida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Lifang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000379:methods; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; C098463:dolaisoleucine