title: Assessment of trabecular pattern on periapical and panoramic radiographs: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This methodological study aimed to determine whether the mandibular trabecular bone assessment from panoramic radiographs, using a visual index, corresponds to the evaluation obtained from periapical radiographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A panoramic radiograph and corresponding periapical radiographs of the region of the lower premolars and molars were collected from each of 32 patients (mean age 18.5 +/- 5.5 years). Two calibrated observers assessed randomly the interdental sites between the first molar and second premolar and between the two premolars on all the radiographs using a visual index. Evaluations were repeated with an interval of 60 days. The results of the repeated evaluations were used to assess intra- and inter-observer agreements, employing Kappa statistics. Spearman's correlation was used to determine the association between assessments of panoramic and periapical radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 79 interdental sites were evaluated on the panoramic and periapical radiographs. The visual analysis of periapical radiographs revealed intra-observer agreements of 0.88 for observer 1 and 0.93 for observer 2, and an inter-observer agreement of 0.82. The intra-observer agreement for panoramic radiographs was 0.79 and 0.83 for observers 1 and 2, respectively, and the inter-observer agreement was 0.79. A substantial correlation was found between periapical and panoramic radiographs (rho = 0.737, p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although panoramic radiographs are less reliable than periapical radiographs, they can be used for assessment of the trabecular bone pattern with the aid of a visual index. Training on the method is recommended to obtain results with a high reproducibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Geneva, Rue Barthelemy-Menn 19, Geneva, Switzerland. diane.pham@unige.ch
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Grethe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jonasson
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiliaridis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015588:Observer Variation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results