title: Glycoprotein VI for diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome when ECG is ambiguous.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the study was to test whether an elevated surface expression of platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is an appropriate marker for the diagnosis of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS), especially when the electrocardiogram (ECG) is ambiguous.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2007 to 2008, we consecutively evaluated 378 patients with ACS and ambiguous ECG on hospital admission. In all patients, GPVI surface expression was determined by flow cytometry. In addition, the myocardial necrosis markers troponin-I (Tn-I) and creatine kinase-MB (CKMB) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that in patients with ACS and unclear ECG in whom GPVI levels (mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) ≥ 18.6) were elevated, the relative risk for ACS was 2.6-fold enhanced. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that an elevated platelet GPVI level is indicating an ACS independent of biomarkers of myocardial necrosis including Tn-I, creatine kinase (CK), CKMB (GPVI: p=0.011; Tn-I: p=0.180; CKMB: p=0.250; CK: p=0.127). Patients with evident T-wave inversion and/or ST-depression showed a strong association between ACS and GPVI expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Platelet GPVI surface expression is enhanced in patients with ACS with unclear ECG findings and is strongly associated with myocardial ischemia. Additional to the classical markers of myocardial necrosis Tn-I and CK, GPVI is an early biomarker for the diagnosis of ACS, especially when the ECG is ambiguous.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address: boris.bigalke@med.uni-tuebingen.de.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bigalke
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stellos
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geisler
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kremmer
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seizer
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindemann
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Meinrad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gawaz
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; C098341:platelet membrane glycoprotein VI