title: Brain uptake of diazepam and phenytoin in a genetic animal model of absence epilepsy.
abstract: 1. Although many studies have assessed changes to brain uptake of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) in chemically and electrically induced seizure models, there are limited data available on changes to brain uptake of AEDs in spontaneous seizure animal models, such as genetic absence epilepsy. 2. In the present study, the brain uptake of diazepam and phenytoin was assessed in a genetic mouse model of absence seizures harbouring a human GABA(A) receptor gamma2-subunit gene GABRG2 mutation (R43Q) and results were compared with those obtained during acute seizures induced by subcutaneous administration of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 90 mg/kg). Diazepam and phenytoin were administered intraperitoneally at doses of 2 and 30 mg/kg, respectively, and brain and plasma concentrations were determined 60 min after administration using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 3. Although the brain uptake of phenytoin was significantly reduced following PTZ administration, no changes were observed in phenytoin disposition in the genetic absence epilepsy model. Similarly, the brain uptake of diazepam was significantly enhanced following PTZ administration, but it was not affected in absence epilepsy. 4. The cerebrovascular plasma volume (assessed by administration of the non-absorbable marker [(14)C]-inulin) was not significantly different in saline-treated compared with PTZ-treated mice and in wild-type compared with mutant R43Q mice. 5. These results demonstrate that although the brain uptake of AEDs may be altered in acute seizure models, similar changes to brain uptake may not be observed in the non-convulsive genetic absence epileptic model.
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. joseph.nicolazzo@pharm.monash.edu.au
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nicolazzo
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Steuten
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Charman
authors.forename: Nerida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petrou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003975:Diazepam / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004832:Epilepsy, Absence / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008833:Microcirculation; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; C546279:GABRG2 protein, human; C546280:Gabrg2 protein, mouse; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D010672:Phenytoin; D003975:Diazepam