title: Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) silencing enhances cell migration but does not influence cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  GRP78 plays an essential role in embryonic development and in the therapeutic treatment and progression of cancer. However, little is known about the role of GRP78 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we characterized five different HCC cell lines to examine GRP78 expression patterns and found that only HepJ5 cells ectopically overexpress GRP78. We knocked down GRP78 expression in HepJ5 cells using a small interfering RNA (siRNA), and the proliferation assay and migration assay were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using siRNA technique, we could successfully reduce GRP78 expression levels in HepJ5 cells. In a cell growth study, we found that GRP78-siRNA caused no significant changes in cellular proliferation in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, and cell cycle distribution. In a cell migration study, we found that GRP78-siRNA HepJ5 cells had dramatically increased migration ability in Transwell assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that ectopically expressed GRP78 does not contribute to the increased proliferation of HepJ5 cells, but does correlate with the migration of HCC cells under normoxic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Jia
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chong-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Chih-Hsiung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Cheng-Chia
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Tsan-Zon
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Po-Li
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Ming-Te
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins