title: Impact of FDA black box advisory on antipsychotic medication use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In April 2005, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an advisory and subsequent black box warning regarding the risks of atypical anti psychotic use among elderly patients with dementia. The impact of these warnings on atypical drug use is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used quasi-experimental, interrupted time-series analyses to examine nationally representative data from IMS Health's National Disease and Therapeutic Index from January 2003 through December 2008. The primary measurement from this audit of office-based physicians was the use of an atypical antipsychotic agent. We quantified the impact of the advisory on atypical antipsychotic use among all individuals and those 65 years or older with dementia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From January 2003 to March 2005, mentions of total atypical antipsychotic drugs increased at an annual rate of 34%, and among patients with dementia, 16%. In the year prior to the FDA advisory, there were approximately 13.6 million atypical drug mentions, including 0.8 million among those with dementia. In the year following the advisory, atypical drug mentions fell 2% overall and 19% among those with dementia. In 2004, 19% (0.8 of 4.1 million) of drug mentions for dementia were for an atypical agent. By 2008, this proportion decreased to 9% (0.4 of 4.3 million). Atypical drug use slowed for both FDA-approved and off-label indications and declined through 2008 for all populations examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FDA advisory was associated with decreases in the use of atypical antipsychotics, especially among elderly patients with dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: E Ray
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Dorsey
authors.forename: Atonu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rabbani
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Rena M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: G Caleb
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004348:Drug Labeling; D006801:Humans; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012308:Risk Management; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents