title: Cellular responses after exposure of lung cell cultures to secondary organic aerosol particles.
abstract: The scope of this work was to examine in vitro responses of lung cells to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles, under realistic ambient air and physiological conditions occurring when particles are inhaled by mammals, using a novel particle deposition chamber. The cell cultures included cell types that are representative for the inner surface of airways and alveoli and are the target cells for inhaled particles. The results demonstrate that an exposure to SOA at ambient-air concentrations of about 10(4) particles/cm(3) for 2 h leads to only moderate cellular responses. There is evidence for (i) cell type specific effects and for (ii) different effects of SOA originating from anthropogenic and biogenic precursors, i.e. 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and alpha-pinene, respectively. There was no indication for cytotoxic effects but for subtle changes in cellular functions that are essential for lung homeostasis. Decreased phagocytic activity was found in human macrophages exposed to SOA from alpha-pinene. Alveolar epithelial wound repair was affected by TMB-SOA exposure, mainly because of altered cell spreading and migration at the edge of the wound. In addition, cellular responses were found to correlate with particle number concentration, as interleukin-8 production was increased in pig explants exposed to TMB-SOA with high particle numbers.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Annina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaschen
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalberer
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Savi
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geiser
authors.forename: Amiq
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gazdhar
authors.forename: Claus-Michael
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lehr
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bur
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dommen
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Baltensperger
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geiser
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000633:toxicity*; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000633:toxicity; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D016209:Interleukin-8; D039821:Monoterpenes; C005451:alpha-pinene