title: Direct control of mitochondrial function by mTOR.
abstract: mTOR is a central regulator of cellular growth and metabolism. Using metabolic profiling and numerous small-molecule probes, we investigated whether mTOR affects immediate control over cellular metabolism by posttranslational mechanisms. Inhibiting the FKBP12/rapamycin-sensitive subset of mTOR functions in leukemic cells enhanced aerobic glycolysis and decreased uncoupled mitochondrial respiration within 25 min. mTOR is in a complex with the mitochondrial outer-membrane protein Bcl-xl and VDAC1. Bcl-xl, but not VDAC1, is a kinase substrate for mTOR in vitro, and mTOR regulates the association of Bcl-xl with mTOR. Inhibition of mTOR not only enhances aerobic glycolysis, but also induces a state of increased dependence on aerobic glycolysis in leukemic cells, as shown by the synergy between the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose and rapamycin in decreasing cell viability.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.forename: Stuart L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Schreiber
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D055442:Metabolome; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D050995:Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D013449:Sulfonamides; C494762:VDAC1 protein, human; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D050995:Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus; C528561:navitoclax