title: Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta signalling attenuates interleukin (IL)-18 plus IL-2-induced interstitial lung disease in mice.
abstract: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an intractable disease induced by various factors in humans. However, there is no universally effective treatment for ILD. In this study, we investigated the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signalling in the pathogenesis of ILD by using model mice. Injection of interleukin (IL)-18 plus IL-2 in C57BL6 (B6) mice resulted in acute ILD by infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells and a significant increase of TGF-beta mRNA in the lung. To examine the pathogenetic role of TGF-beta in ILD mice, we used SB-431542 (4-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-(2-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-benzamide), which is a potent and selective inhibitor of TGF-beta receptor I (TbetaRI), also known as activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5). Treatment of B6-ILD mice with SB-431542 resulted in improvement of ILD, delay in mortality, reduction of the expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-6 in the lungs. The same treatment also decreased significantly the percentage of natural killer (NK) cells in the lungs (P < 0.05) and mRNA expression levels of certain chemokines such as CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5 and CXCL10 in B6-ILD. These findings were confirmed by IL-18 plus IL-2 treatment of Smad3-deficient (Smad3(-/-)) mice (P < 0.05). Our results showed that inhibition of TGF-beta signalling reduced the percentage of NK cells and the expression of certain chemokines in the lungs, resulting in improvement of ILD. The findings suggest that TGF-beta signalling may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IL-18 plus IL-2-induced ILD in mice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology, Doctoral Program in Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshiga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chino
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sumida
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004149:Dioxoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C459179:4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D018925:Chemokines; D004149:Dioxoles; D020382:Interleukin-18; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051900:Smad3 Protein; C497791:Smad3 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; C000625841:TGFBR1 protein, human; C000625842:Tgfbr1 protein, mouse