title: Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Mytilus edulis fatty acids on adjuvant-induced arthritis in male Wistar rats.
abstract: Lipid-rich fractions from the flesh tissue of Mytilus edulis were obtained by solvent extraction and chromatographic separation, and tested for anti-inflammatory (AI) activity in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of leukotriene production by isolated human neutrophils in response to calcium ionophore stimulation in the presence of exogenous arachidonic acid substrate was demonstrated for the hydrolysed triglyceride fraction of the crude lipid extract. This fraction was subsequently tested for in vivo AI activity using the mycobacterial adjuvant-induced polyarthritis rat model. The hydrolysed triglyceride fraction showed significant AI activity when dosed therapeutically (10 mg/kg BW/day, p.o., for 6 days from the onset of arthritis), decreasing body weight loss by 55% and hind paw swelling by 65% compared to the arthritic control. The (non-hydrolysed) crude lipid extract was effective when dosed prophylactically (30 mg/kg BW/day, p.o., for 16 days starting on day -2 of arthritigen inoculation). Structural analysis by GC and GC-MS revealed in the extracts an abundance of EPA (20:5n-3) and DHA (22:6n-3) (37% of total fatty acids), along with a small quantity of a rare anti-inflammatory n-3 analogue of arachidonic acid, namely 7, 11, 14, 17-eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4n-3).
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McPhee
authors.forename: Lynn D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.forename: Paul F A
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Wynne
authors.forename: Nicolette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kalafatis
authors.forename: Theodore A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Macrides
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008297:Male; D049880:Mytilus edulis / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005227:Fatty Acids; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid