title: Androgen receptor is a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether androgen receptor (AR) could serve as a potential molecular target for the treatment of bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration capacity were determined in human transitional carcinoma cell lines T24 and 253-J treated with small interfering RNA directed against AR, and expression levels of growth- and metastasis-related genes were assessed using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Tumor cell growth and apoptosis were also evaluated in vivo in T24 tumor-bearing nude mice receiving electroporation-assisted administration of anti-AR small interfering RNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AR expression knockdown produced increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation, and migration of bladder cancer cells. Cyclin D1, Bcl-x(L), and matrix metallopeptidase-9 gene expression were also reduced with AR knockdown, which might have contributed to the altered biological behavior of cancer cells. In vivo experiments showed that silencing AR expression, by interference aided by electroporation, significantly suppressed AR-positive bladder tumor growth with decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptotic rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Downregulation of AR expression inhibits bladder cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo, implying that its use might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Bang-Min
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Sheng-Qiang
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hui-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shu-Jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000187:drug effects*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen