title: Oral fluoride retention in orthodontic patients with and without fixed appliances after using different fluoridated home-care products.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate oral fluoride (F) retention after using fluoridated toothpastes, rinsing solutions and chewing sticks (Miswaks) in orthodontic patients with and without orthodontic appliances.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine orthodontic patients, with a mean age of 16 years, were included in a randomized, cross-over, experimental study. Six different home-care F products, two NaF toothpastes (0.32% and 1.1%), two NaF mouthwash solutions (0.05% and 0.2%) and two NaF-impregnated Miswaks chewing sticks (0.05% and 0.5%), were used both during the orthodontic treatment and 1 week after debonding. Unstimulated whole saliva and approximal saliva were collected from two interdental sites, before and up to 60 min after using each product for 2 min. The retention of F was calculated as the area under the 60-min F-clearance curve (AUC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, the F concentrations at the various sites were higher before than after debonding. Moreover, the products with a high F content (toothpaste, mouthwash and Miswaks) resulted in higher F retention than the corresponding products with a lower F content. In whole saliva, the highest AUC values were found in patients using 0.2% NaF mouthwash, followed by 1.1% NaF toothpaste (p < 0.05). In approximal saliva, the retention values were highest after using 0.5% NaF-impregnated Miswaks in patients wearing orthodontic appliances (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The insertion of fixed orthodontic appliances appears to favor oral F retention for all the tested home-care F products. In addition, products with a high F content increase oral F retention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hosam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baeshen
authors.forename: Heidrun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kjellberg
authors.forename: Dowen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Birkhed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D009055:Mouth / Q000378:metabolism*; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000737:chemistry*; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D009067:Mouthwashes; D014100:Toothpastes; D012969:Sodium Fluoride