title: [Incidence of phlebitis due to peripherally inserted venous catheters: impact of a catheter management protocol].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact on the incidence of PPIVC by implementing a catheter management protocol and to determine risk factors for PPIVC development in hospitalized patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3978 episodes of venous catheterization were prospectively included from September 2002 to December 2007. A catheter management protocol was implemented during this period of time. The incidence and variables associated to the occurrence of PPIVC were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of PPIVC from 2002 to 2007 was 4.8%, 4.3%, 3.6%, 2.5%, 1.3% and 1.8% (p<0.001). Perfusion of amiodarone [adjusted OR (AOR) 25.97; 95% CI=7.29-92.55, p=0.0001] and cefotaxime (AOR 2.90; 95% CI=1.29-6.52, p=0.01) and the shift when the catheters were placed (AOR for morning vs. night shift 0.60; 95% CI=0.35-1.02, p=0.063) were independently associated to the development of PPIVC. A history of phlebitis was the only factor independently associated to phlebitis due to peripherally inserted central venous catheters (AOR 3.24; CI at 95% CI= 1.05-9.98, p=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A catheter management protocol decreases the incidence of PPIVC in hospitalized patients. The risk of PPIVC increases for peripherally inserted central venous catheters when the patients have a history of phlebitis and for peripheral venous catheters when amiodarone or cefotaxime are infused. Catheterization of peripheral veins performed during morning shifts is associated with a lower incidence of PPIVC when compared with night shift catheterizations.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, España. concepcion.ferrete.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferrete-Morales
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Pérez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Berna
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gilabert-Cerro
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Corzo-Delgado
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pineda-Vergara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vergara-López
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gómez-Mateos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010689:Phlebitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies