title: Evaluation of genotoxic responses of Chaetoceros tenuissimus and Skeletonema costatum to water accommodated fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons as biomarker of exposure.
abstract: Genotoxic responses towards chronic exposure of Chaetoceros tenuissimus and Skeletonema costatum to water accommodated fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons (WAF-P) were evaluated as biomarkers of petroleum hydrocarbons pollution. The DNA damage caused by water accommodated fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons was assessed in terms of the DNA integrity measured by alkaline unwinding assay. The comparative study of the growth pattern of C. tenuissimus with respect to DNA integrity and the DNA strand breaks in different concentrations of WAF-P showed sufficient tolerance. However, its toxicity increased proportionately with exposure to elevated levels of WAF-P. Although DNA damage in S. costatum was similar to C. tenuissimus, its tolerance level to WAF-P was at least 5 times lower than that of C. tenuissimus indicating its high sensitivity to petroleum hydrocarbons. Active growth was exhibited by C. tenuissimus between 10 and 20% WAF-P (ranging from 0.59 to 1.18mg/L petroleum hydrocarbons) which can be related to the polluted regions only, suggesting the tolerant nature of this organism. Considering the degree of sensitivity to petroleum products and good growth under laboratory conditions, these two diatoms could be recommended as model species for evaluating ecogenotoxic effects of wide range of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants using alkaline unwinding assays.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa - 403004, India.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Deasi
authors.forename: X N
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Verlecar
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Jagtap
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Deepti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vashistha
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Dalal
mesh_terms: D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000187:drug effects; D053904:DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D048028:DNA, Algal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D017377:Diatoms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010578:Petroleum / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D048028:DNA, Algal; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010578:Petroleum; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002734:Chlorophyll