title: BRCA1 represses amphiregulin gene expression.
abstract: BRCA1, the breast cancer- and ovarian cancer-specific tumor suppressor, can be a transcriptional repressor or a transcriptional activator, depending on the promoter context. To identify the genes activated or repressed by BRCA1, we have analyzed microarray results from cells depleted of BRCA1 and revealed a number of genes regulated by BRCA1 on the level of transcription. Among the genes repressed by BRCA1, we have identified amphiregulin (AREG) and early growth response-1 (EGR1). Results indicate that BRCA1 regulates AREG transcription directly through binding to the AREG promoter, however, we could not detect BRCA1 on the EGR1 promoter, suggesting that EGR1 is indirectly regulated by BRCA1. In an attempt to identify the mechanism of the AREG transcriptional repression by BRCA1, we have mapped two independent BRCA1 response elements on the AREG located at positions -202/-182 and +19/+122. BRCA1 depletion leads to induction of the AREG protein. Taken together, our data build the connection between BRCA1 loss of function and AREG upregulation-a change in gene expression often observed in breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Ekaterina P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Lamber
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Horwitz
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Parvin
mesh_terms: D066258:Amphiregulin; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D066255:EGF Family of Proteins; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C587848:AREG protein, human; D066258:Amphiregulin; D019313:BRCA1 Protein; D066255:EGF Family of Proteins; C497325:EGR1 protein, human; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D006023:Glycoproteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger