title: Partial scan artifact reduction (PSAR) for the assessment of cardiac perfusion in dynamic phase-correlated CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiac CT achieves its high temporal resolution by lowering the scan range from 2pi to pi plus fan angle (partial scan). This, however, introduces CT-value variations, depending on the angular position of the pi range. These partial scan artifacts are of the order of a few HU and prevent the quantitative evaluation of perfusion measurements. The authors present the new algorithm partial scan artifact reduction (PSAR) that corrects a dynamic phase-correlated scan without a priori information.
  
  
  METHODS
  In general, a full scan does not suffer from partial scan artifacts since all projections in [0, 2pi] contribute to the data. To maintain the optimum temporal resolution and the phase correlation, PSAR creates an artificial full scan pn(AF) by projectionwise averaging a set of neighboring partial scans pn(P) from the same perfusion examination (typically N approximately 30 phase-correlated partial scans distributed over 20 s and n = 1, ..., N). Corresponding to the angular range of each partial scan, the authors extract virtual partial scans pn(V) from the artificial full scan pn(AF). A standard reconstruction yields the corresponding images fn(P), fn(AF), and fn(V). Subtracting the virtual partial scan image fn(V) from the artificial full scan image fn(AF) yields an artifact image that can be used to correct the original partial scan image: fn(C) = fn(P) - fn(V) + fn(AF), where fn(C) is the corrected image.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors evaluated the effects of scattered radiation on the partial scan artifacts using simulated and measured water phantoms and found a strong correlation. The PSAR algorithm has been validated with a simulated semianthropomorphic heart phantom and with measurements of a dynamic biological perfusion phantom. For the stationary phantoms, real full scans have been performed to provide theoretical reference values. The improvement in the root mean square errors between the full and the partial scans with respect to the errors between the full and the corrected scans is up to 54% for the simulations and 90% for the measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phase-correlated data now appear accurate enough for a quantitative analysis of cardiac perfusion.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Physics, Erlangen, Germany. philip.stenner@imp.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stenner
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bruder
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Allmendinger
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Haberland
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Flohr
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kachelriess
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water