title: Ocular surface effects of thyroid disease.
abstract: The orbital manifestations of ophthalmic Graves' disease have been appreciated since the first description of the disease many years ago. The effects of ophthalmic Graves' disease on the ocular surface, although some of the most bothersome and potentially damaging features of the disease, are often not as well appreciated. This review identifies and summarizes the manifestations of ocular surface disease attendant to ophthalmic Graves' disease and provides recommendations for clinical evaluation and management options to control the ocular surface problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. jsokolmd@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sokol
authors.forename: Gary N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Foulks
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haider
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Nunery
mesh_terms: D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000473:pathology; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D012590:Sclera / Q000473:pathology; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications*