title: Medical and endoscopic treatment in peptic ulcer bleeding: a national German survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peptic ulcers are the leading cause of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the recent clinical practice in drug therapy and endoscopic treatment of ulcer bleedings in Germany and to compare the results with the medical standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  A structured questionnaire (cross-sectional study) was sent to 1371 German hospitals that provide an emergency service for upper GI bleeding. The project was designed similar to a nationwide inquiry in France in 2001. Forty-four questions concerning the following topics were asked: hospital organisation, organisation of emergency endoscopy service, endoscopic and drug therapy of ulcer bleeding, endoscopic treatment of variceal bleeding. Return of the questionnaires was closed in August 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response rate was 675 / 1371 (49 %). Mean hospitals size was < 200 beds, 49 % (n = 325) had basic care level. 92 % provided a 24-hour endoscopy service, specialized nurses were available in 75 %. Fiberscopes were used only in 15 %. A mean of 10 +/- 12 (range: 0 - 160) bleeding cases/month were treated, 6 +/- 6 cases per month (60 %) were ulcer bleedings. Endoscopy was performed in 72 % immediately after stabilization but in all cases within 24 hours. The Forrest classification was used in 99 % whereas prognostic scores were applied only in 3 %. Forrest Ia,/Ib/IIa/IIb/IIc/III ulcers were indications for endoscopic therapy in 99 %/ 99 %/ 90 %/ 58 %/ 4 %/ 2 % respectively. Favoured initial treatment was injection (diluted epinephrine, mean volume 17 +/- 13 mL/lesion) followed by clipping. In re-bleedings, 93 % tried endoscopic treatment again. Scheduled re-endoscopy was performed in 63 %. PPI were used in 99.6 %, 85 % administered standard dose twice daily. PPI administration was changed from intravenous to oral with the end of fasting in nearly all hospitals. PPI administration schemes can be improved. Indications for Helicobacter pylori eradication followed rational principles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical and endoscopic treatment of bleeding ulcers reached a high standard, although some therapeutic strategies leave room for improvement. Bigger hospitals tend to be closer to the medical standard.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Clinic Dr. Kerzel/PD Dr. Maiss, Forchheim, Germany. juergen.maiss@uk-erlangen.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maiss
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naegel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ende
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zopf
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004630:Emergencies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D005858:Germany; D006276:Health Facility Size; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006302:Health Services Research; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy*; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012008:Recurrence; D019233:Retreatment; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D004837:Epinephrine