title: The masticatory normative indicator.
abstract: There is no established quantitative, objective method to differentiate individuals with good masticatory function from those lacking this attribute. The aim of this study was to specify a normal range of median particle size values for masticated raw carrots collected just before being swallowed. The masticatory normative indicator (MNI) value thus obtained was based on seven studies carried out by different investigators using different methods for measuring particle size in carrot boluses. A simple mathematical transformation of variables and the choice of an interval of +/-1.96 times the standard deviation gave 4.0 mm as the upper limit of normal median particle size for carrots in a population of young persons with good oral health. This value identifies boluses that may be considered as resulting from impaired mastication, as illustrated in healthy individuals with experimentally hampered mastication, denture wearers, and individuals presenting with obesity or Down syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Université Clermont 1, EA 3847, Faculty of Dentistry, 11 bd Charles-de-Gaulle, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France. Alain.WODA@u-clermont1.fr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishellany-Dutour
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hennequin
authors.forename: M-N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Mazille
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Veyrune
authors.forename: M-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Peyron
mesh_terms: D001732:Bite Force; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018865:Dental Research; D003824:Denture, Complete / Q000009:adverse effects; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008409:Mastication; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D010316:Particle Size; D012015:Reference Standards; D013284:Stomatognathic System / Q000502:physiology*; D014675:Vegetables