title: Social justice and social determinants of health: lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, intersexed, and queer youth in Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While nurses address lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, intersexed, and queer (henceforth LGBTIQ) patients' health needs, the professional nursing practice value of social justice provides a larger role for nurses in identifying and minimizing social barriers faced by LGBTIQ patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper examines the social and health-related experiences of LGBTIQ youth in Canada, a country which has removed many of the social and legal barriers faced by LGBTIQ in countries such as the United States. An awareness of the Canadian LGBTIQ experience is instructive for nurses in different countries, as it reveals both the possibilities and limitations of social legislation that is more inclusive of LGBTIQ youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of literature in PubMed, Academic Search Premier, government documents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The literature reveals that exclusion, isolation, and fear remain realities for Canadian LGBTIQ adolescents. The Canadian experience suggests that negative social attitudes toward LGBTIQ persist despite progressive legislation. The value of social justice positions nurses to constructively intervene in promoting the health and well-being of LGBTIQ youth in the face of social homophobia.
authors.affiliation: General Studies Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. dysart@encs.concordia.ca
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dysart-Gale
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001727:Bisexuality; D002170:Canada; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006716:Homosexuality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009729:Nursing; D012924:Social Conditions; D012935:Social Justice; D014189:Transsexualism; D055815:Young Adult