title: Psycho-active substance use among in-school adolescents in Zaria, north western Nigeria: what are the triggers?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psycho-active substances have been used by various societies since the dawn of civilization, and still remain a major public health concern in the 21st century. Evidence has shown that in the last 2 decades in Nigeria, adolescents are a major group involved in the use of psychoactive substances. The study was carried out to determine pattern of use and the push factors for such use among in school adolescents in Zaria, Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was cross sectional descriptive in design. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to interview 280 respondents using self administered, structured and pre tested questionnaires. Data was analyzed manually and chi-square test statistic was used to test for significance of association between categorical variables at p value of < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 280 respondents, 195 (69.6%) males and 85 (30.4%) females senior secondary school adolescent were interviewed. The study shows that 157 (56%) use one or more substance or the other. The commonest ones are kola nut followed by cigarette and marijuana. The commonest push factor for use is to experiment (54%). The study also shows, statistically significant relationship between family background and psychoactive substance use (chi2 = 21.57, df = 2 p < 0.05), there was however no statistical significance between age, class of the students and substance use respectively (chi2 = 1.94, df = 2 p > 0.05) (chi2 = 0.97, df = 2p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of psychoactive substances use is unacceptably high and the main trigger identified was the process of experimentation in order to discover their effects. There is the need to institutionalize preventive strategies against substance abuse in our secondary schools. Further studies in this area are also recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. idrissuleman2003@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Idris
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sambo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D010379:Peer Group; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs