title: Non-UV germicidal activity of fresh TiO2 and Ag/TiO2.
abstract: Fresh TiO2 was found to possess a strong germicidal activity even without UV irradiation. Live Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells in contact with fresh TiO2 were found deformed and dead after 15 min contact. The cause of germicidal activity was discussed from the observed cell deformation, lysis and increased absorption at 1680 cm(-1) in FT-IR spectra of the affected cells, which proved the oxidizing effect of fresh TiO2 to cells. The deformation caused by the stretching of cell wall and pressure built-up inside the cell, led to cell burst and release of intracellular materials. The degree of cell deformation was found positively related with the wetting property of TiO2. Cells are negatively charged, for Gram-negative cell (thinner cell wall), a higher germicidal effect was observed than Gram-positive cells. The germicidal effect of TiO2 gradually decreased after exposure to air at room temperature, as the wetting property decreased. This kind of germicidal activity was more effective compared to other germicidal process such as UVA/TiO2 or Ag+. This shed light on designing new germicidal material either maintained by visible light irradiation, or by oxidation effect generated by reactive oxygen species.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Environmental and Biological Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. kelifen@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Lifen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barford
authors.forename: King Lun
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Yeung
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000187:drug effects; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; C009495:titanium dioxide; D012834:Silver; D014025:Titanium