title: Effect of diabetes mellitus on the clinical and microbiological features of hospitalized elderly patients with acute pyelonephritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study potential differences in the clinical and microbiological features of hospitalized elderly patients with acute pyelonephritis with and without diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of medical records.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-eight patients aged 65 and older with diabetes mellitus (DM) (57 female; 64.8%) and 118 controls without DM (75 female; 63.6%), matched for age and sex, hospitalized with acute pyelonephritis between January 1997 and December 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and microbiological characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of both groups was 74 (range 65-95). Twenty-seven people with DM (30.7%) and 13 controls (11.0%) had bacteremia (P=.001). People with DM had longer fever (median 4.5 vs 2.5 days; P<.001), longer hospitalization (median 10 vs 7 days; P<.001), and greater mortality (12.5% vs 2.5%; P<.01) than controls. Logistic regression analysis proved DM to be an independent predictor of bacteremia, long hospitalization, and mortality. Escherichia coli was the most common microorganism found in both groups, whereas Candida spp. were implicated more frequently in people with DM than controls (12.7% vs 1.7%; P<.01). Antimicrobial resistance did not increase over the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute pyelonephritis in elderly people with DM is associated with risk of bacteremia, long hospitalization, and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71 110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. kofterid@med.uoc.gr
authors.forename: Diamantis P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kofteridis
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papadimitraki
authors.forename: Elpis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mantadakis
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maraki
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Papadakis
authors.forename: Garifallia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tzifa
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Samonis
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate