title: Tobacco cessation via doctors of chiropractic: results of a feasibility study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a sizeable and growing body of empirical literature on the effects of physician advice to quit smoking. Because of the association between tobacco use and the health problems that may provoke referral to chiropractic care, doctors of chiropractic (DCs) may be able to give patients personalized proximal health feedback that may motivate them to quit. However, DCs have not been utilized in this role. The primary aim of this study was to design and refine a brief office-based tobacco intervention for use within chiropractic settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in 20 private chiropractic practices in 2 phases: (a) intervention development, in which we created and focus tested practitioner and patient materials, and (b) feasibility, in which we evaluated the impact of the intervention on 210 tobacco-using chiropractic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses were conducted on 156 patients who exclusively smoked cigarettes. Using an intent-to-treat approach, assuming all nonresponders to be smokers, 13 (8.3%) reported 7-day abstinence at 6 weeks, 22 (14.1%) at the 6-month follow-up, and 35 (22.4%) at the 12-month assessment. Eleven participants (7.1%) reported prolonged abstinence at the 6-month follow-up, and 15 (9.6%) reported prolonged abstinence at 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first study to refine a brief office-based treatment for tobacco dependence for use in chiropractic settings. The results of this study were promising and will lead to a randomized clinical trial. If found to be effective, this model could be disseminated to chiropractic practitioners throughout the United States.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Arizona, 1450 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA. judithg@email.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Judith S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Istvan
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002684:Chiropractic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology