title: Circulatory arrest and deep hypothermia for the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms--results from a single European center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular neurosurgery faces the controversial discussion about the need for deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest (dh/ca) for the treatment of complex cerebral aneurysms. In this retrospective analysis, we present our experience in the treatment of 26 giant and large cerebral aneurysms under profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were treated surgically under dh/ca. Seventeen patients had aneurysms of the anterior circulation, and nine patients had aneurysms of the posterior circulation. Thrombosis or calcification was found in ten patients. Eleven patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The seven patients with the longest circulation arrest time were analyzed in detail.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subarachnoid hemorrhage led to hospital admission in 42% (n = 11) of cases. The overall mortality was 11.5%, and the overall morbidity was 15%. Ten patients deteriorated transiently but fully recovered. The mean age, Glasgow Coma Score, Fisher, and Hunt and Hess Score correlated significantly with the long-term outcome. Circulation arrest time correlated significantly to the neurological outcome on discharge. All patients with prolonged circulation arrest times had wide aneurysmal necks, and four had adjacent vessels to the dome or the parent vessel included in the neck. We observed a significant increase of neurological deficits immediately postoperatively, but this neurological deterioration resolved over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed neurological deterioration immediately postoperatively in 13 patients, but all patients fully recovered within 6 months except for four patients. A long cardiac arrest time reflected complex pathoanatomical conditions. We conclude that the clipping procedure under deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest remains a pivotal armament in complex vascular neurosurgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Regensburg, Medical Center, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany. karl-michael.schebesch@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: Karl-Michael
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Schebesch
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Proescholdt
authors.forename: Odo-Winfried
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Ullrich
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Camboni
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiesenack
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brawanski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D050792:Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000592:standards; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult