title: Developing counseling skills through pre-recorded videos and role play: a pre- and post-intervention study in a Pakistani medical school.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interactive methods like role play, recorded video scenarios and objective structured clinical exam (OSCE) are being regularly used to teach and assess communication skills of medical students in the western world. In developing countries however, they are still in the preliminary phases of execution in most institutes. Our study was conducted in a naïve under resourced setup to assess the impact of such teaching methodologies on the counseling skills of medical students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty four 4th year MBBS students were identified to be evaluated for communication skills by trained facilitators in a pre-intervention OSCE. The same group of students was given a demonstration of ideal skill level by means of videos and role playing sessions in addition to real life interaction with patients during hospital and community rotations. A post-intervention evaluation was carried out six months later through OSCE and direct observation through structured checklist (DOS) in hospital and community settings. The combined and individual performance levels of these students were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference in the communication skills of students when assessed in the post-intervention OSCE (p = 0.000). Individual post-intervention percentages of study participants displayed improvement as well (n = 45, p = 0.02). No difference was observed between the scores of male and female students when assessed for two specific competencies of antenatal care and breast feeding counseling (p = 0.11). The mean DOS (%) score of 12 randomly selected students was much lower as compared to the post-intervention (%) score but the difference between them was statistically non significant, a result that may have been affected by the small sample size as well as other factors that may come into play in real clinical settings and were not explored in this study (59.41 +/- 7.8 against 82.43 +/- 22.08, p = 0.88).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Videos and role play in combination with community and clinical exposure are effective modes of teaching counseling skills to medical students. They can be successfully utilized even in a limited resource setup, as demonstrated by our trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences,FMH College of Medicine & Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Noor F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Ahsen
authors.forename: Syeda A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Batul
authors.forename: Ahsen N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Sardar Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Imam
authors.forename: Humaira
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Khayyam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shamshair
authors.forename: Hammad
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D057189:Checklist; D003376:Counseling / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan; D011361:Professional Competence; D012381:Role Playing; D012577:Schools, Medical; D013337:Students, Medical; D014741:Video Recording