title: Analysis of propofol/remifentanil infusion protocol for tumor surgery with intraoperative brain mapping.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is no general consensus about the best anesthesiologic approach to use during craniotomies with intraoperative brain mapping, and large prospective studies evaluating the complications associated with different approaches are lacking. Objective of this study was to prospectively collect and evaluate data about a large series of consecutive asleep-awake and asleep-asleep craniotomies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 238 consecutive procedures from January 2005 to December 2008. During asleep-awake procedures, patients were initially ventilated through a laryngeal mask which was removed to allow language testing. During asleep-asleep procedures, patients remained sedated and intubated to permit motor testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In asleep-awake craniotomies [n=135, age 42 y (range: 16 to 72 y), American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (ASA) 1 (1 to 3), and body mass index 24.2+/-3.7 kg/m], 43% of the procedures were free of complications. Most common complications were hypertension (27%) and brief clinical seizures (16%), but also hypotension (10%), vomiting (7%), brief periods of apnea (4%), and agitation (6%) were observed. In 7% of the procedures, seizures required pharmacologic treatment. Fifty-nine percent of the asleep-asleep procedures [n=103, age 51 y (range: 21 to 76 y), ASA 1 (1 to 3), body mass index 25.4+/-3.9 kg/m, P<0.05 vs. asleep-awake] were free of complications. Clinical seizures were observed in 31% of the cases. The administration of boluses of hypnotics was rarely necessary (6%) and safer because of secured airways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With this study, we demonstrated the feasibility and safety of our protocols on large prospective case series. Asleep-awake protocol can be safely used when intraoperative language mapping is planned, whereas an asleep-asleep protocol with secured airway might be preferred when motor testing only is required.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena IRCCS, Milan University, Italy. v.conte@policlinico.mi.it
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magni
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Songa
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tomaselli
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghisoni
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magnoni
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.forename: Nino
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stocchetti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077208:Remifentanil; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010880:Piperidines; D000077208:Remifentanil; D015742:Propofol