How to successfully achieve salt restriction in dialysis patients? What are the outcomes?
Despite the fact that dietary salt restriction is the most logical measure to prevent accumulation of salt and water in patients without renal function, it is not applied in most dialysis centers. In this review, the reasons for this unlucky development are analyzed. First, it appears that many dialysis patients are slightly overhydrated, but this is often not noticed and, if so, the deleterious effects in the long run are not appreciated. These consist not only of 'drug-resistant' hypertension, but also dilatation of the cardiac compartments leading to preventable cardiovascular events. Second, there are practical reasons why salt restriction is neglected. It is very difficult to buy salt-poor food. Salt consumption is an addiction, which can be overcome, but time and efforts are needed to achieve that. Suggestions are made how to reach that goal. Finally, examples are given how cardiac damage (often considered irreversible) can be improved or even cured by a 'volume control' strategy, whose crucial part is serious salt restriction.
Ok
Ercan
E
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey. ercan.ok@ege.edu.tr
D001810:Blood Volume; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D018450:Disease Progression; D004326:Drinking; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005518:Food Preferences; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D010349:Patient Compliance; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control