Phytoferritin and its implications for human health and nutrition.
BACKGROUND
Plant and animal ferritins stem from a common ancestor, but plant ferritins exhibit various features that are different from those of animal ferritins. Phytoferritin is observed in plastids (e.g., chloroplasts in leaves, amyloplasts in tubers and seeds), whereas animal ferritin is largely found in the cytoplasm. The main difference in structure between plant and animal ferritins is the two specific domains (TP and EP) at the N-terminal sequence of phytoferritin, which endow phytoferritin with specific iron chemistry. As a member of the nonheme iron group of dietary iron sources, phytoferritin consists of 24 subunits that assemble into a spherical shell storing up to approximately 2000 Fe(3+) in the form of an iron oxyhydroxide-phosphate mineral. This feature is distinct from small molecule nonheme iron existing in cereals, which has poor bioavailability.


METHODS
This review focuses on the relationship between structure and function of phytoferritin and the recent progress in the use of phytoferritin as iron supplement.


CONCLUSIONS
Phytoferritin, especially from legume seeds, represents a novel alternative dietary iron source.


CONCLUSIONS
An understanding of the chemistry and biology of phytoferritin, its interaction with iron, and its stability against gastric digestion is beneficial to design diets that will be used for treatment of global iron deficiency.
Zhao
Guanghua
G
CAU and ACC Joint-Laboratory of Space Food, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China. gzhao1000@yahoo.com
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005293:Ferritins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
C030124:phytoferritin; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron