title: Evaluation of diffusion of triamcinolone acetonide from the distal interphalangeal joint into the navicular bursa in horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether triamcinolone acetonide diffuses from the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) to the navicular bursa, diffusion is direct or systemic, and addition of sodium hyaluronan has an effect on diffusion in horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  11 adult horses without forelimb lameness.
  
  
  METHODS
  1 randomly chosen forelimb DIPJ of each horse received an injection of 10 mg of triamcinolone acetonide plus 20 mg of sodium hyaluronan (group 1), and the contralateral forelimb DIPJ received an injection of 10 mg of triamcinolone acetonide plus 2 mL of lactated Ringer's solution (group 2). Synovial fluid samples were taken from both forelimb navicular bursae and 1 hind limb navicular bursa (systemic control group) at 6 hours. Triamcinolone acetonide concentrations in synovial fluid were quantified by use of high-performance liquid chromatography plus tandem mass spectrometry. Data were logarithmically transformed, and contrast analysis was performed on the 3 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Triamcinolone acetonide was detected in navicular bursal samples in all groups. Groups 1 and 2 had significantly greater concentrations of triamcinolone acetonide than the systemic control group. There was no significant difference between groups 1 and 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Triamcinolone acetonide diffused directly from the DIPJ into the navicular bursa in clinically normal horses, and diffusion was not affected by addition of hyaluronan. Injection into the DIPJ with triamcinolone acetonide or a triamcinolone acetonide-hyaluronan combination can potentially be used for treatment of navicular syndrome, but further studies are needed to determine whether triamcinolone acetonide diffuses similarly in horses with navicular syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. boyc0050@umn.edu
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boyce
authors.forename: Erin D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: Lorraine B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Seijin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Godden
authors.forename: Florien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jenner
authors.forename: Troy N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Trumble
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide