title: The changes of reactive oxygen species and glutathione by MG132, a proteasome inhibitor affect As4.1 juxtaglomerular cell growth and death.
abstract: The proteasome inhibitor MG132 has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we evaluated the effects of MG132 on the growth and death of As4.1 juxtaglomerular cells in relation to ROS and glutathione (GSH) levels. MG132 inhibited the growth of As4.1 cells with an IC(50) of approximately 0.3-0.4microM at 48h and induced cell death, which was accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; DeltaPsi(m)), Bcl-2 decrease, activation of caspase-3 and -8, and PARP cleavage. MG132 increased intracellular ROS levels including O(2)(-) and GSH depleted cell numbers. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, a well-known antioxidant) significantly decreased ROS level and GSH depleted cell numbers in MG132-treated As4.1 cells, along with the prevention of cell growth inhibition, cell death and MMP (DeltaPsi(m)) loss. NAC also decreased the caspase-3 activity of MG132. l-Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO; an inhibitor of GSH synthesis) or diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC; an inhibitor of Cu/Zn-SOD) did not affect cell growth, death, ROS and GSH levels in MG132-treated As4.1 cells. Conclusively, MG132 reduced the growth of As4.1 cells via apoptosis. The changes of ROS and GSH by MG132 were involved in As4.1 cell growth and death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, JeonJu 561-180, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Woo Hyun
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine / Q000494:pharmacology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004050:Ditiocarb / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016193:G1 Phase; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D007606:Juxtaglomerular Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007976:Leupeptins; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D004050:Ditiocarb; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D005978:Glutathione; C072553:benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde; D000111:Acetylcysteine