title: Predominant inflammatory cytokine secretion pattern in response to two doses of live rubella vaccine in healthy vaccinees.
abstract: We conducted a population-based study on 738 schoolchildren who received two doses of rubella vaccine in order to determine cytokine secretion patterns and their associations with demographic and clinical variables. The results showed a robust rubella-specific inflammatory cytokine response characterized by high median [inter-quartile range (IQR)] secretion levels (in pg/mL) of IL-6 [3681.0 (3160.0, 4052.0)], GM-CSF [28.0 (23.6, 32.6)], and TNF-alpha [29.7 (-7.0, 89.2)]. We also detected modest levels of rubella-specific secretion of Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma, while IL-12p40 was undetectable. In contrast, rubella-specific Th2 responses were hardly detectable. Age at vaccination, enrollment, and time elapsed between last vaccination and enrollment was significantly associated with the outcome of IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-gamma secretion. These results suggest an immune-deviation or "skewing" from Th1/Th2 cytokine patterns towards a predominant inflammatory response upon in vitro rubella virus stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Neelam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dhiman
authors.forename: Iana H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Haralambieva
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vierkant
authors.forename: V Shane
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Pankratz
authors.forename: Jenna E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Inna G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Ovsyannikova
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Poland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003710:Demography; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012411:Rubella Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012411:Rubella Vaccine