title: Effect of linezolid on cytokine production capacity and plasma endotoxin levels in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation of whole blood.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cytokine production in the presence of linezolid (LZD) in comparison with the drug effect on the plasma endotoxin level. Peripheral venous whole-blood samples collected from five healthy subjects were stimulated with 10 microg/ml of LPS. LZD was then added to the LPS-stimulated blood samples at concentrations of 0, 2, 4, and 15 microg/ml , followed by incubation for 24 h at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO(2)-95% air atmosphere. Supernatants of the resultant cultures were assayed to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and endotoxin. Significant decreases in the levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were observed in the LZD 2, 4, and 15 microg/ml groups as compared with that in the 0 microg/ml group (Dunnett's procedure; P < 0.05). The level of IL-10 tended to increase irrespective of the LZD concentration; however, no significant intergroup differences were observed [analysis of variance (ANOVA); P = 0.68]. No significant decrease of the endotoxin level was observed in the LZD 2, 4, or 15 microg/ml groups as compared with that in the 0 microg/ml group, with no significant intergroup differences (ANOVA; P = 0.83). No change in the MCP-1 levels was observed irrespective of the LZD concentration (ANOVA; P = 0.82). To conclude: (1) it appears possible that LZD inhibits the production of INF-gamma and TNF-alpha to a limited extent; (2) LZD did not exert any inhibitory effect on endotoxin production by bacteria, while suppressing cytokine production. The results indicate that LZD may have a significant role in saving the lives of patients with sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Iwate Medical University, School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 020-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Gaku
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yaegashi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojika
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
authors.forename: Tatsuyori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shozushima
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akitomi
authors.forename: Kiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoshikawa
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: Shigeatsu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001769:Blood / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D000069349:Linezolid; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D000069349:Linezolid