title: Pediatric nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A review of 27 cases over 10 years at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to review the clinical features, treatment and outcome of pediatric nasopharyngeal Carcinoma at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center (SKMCH and RC) over ten years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of pediatric patients who were diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and treated at SKMCH and RC from July 1996 to June 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 27 children with NPC were included. The male to female ratio was 4.4:1. The mean age at diagnosis was 14 years (8-18 years). The most common presenting symptom was neck swelling (81.5%, 22/27). The mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 10.3 months (3-36 months). The majority of patients (70%, 19/27) presented at stage IV. All received a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Survival analysis was performed for 22 patients; of these 8 patients died and 4 were lost to follow-up. The median follow-up time of the surviving patients was 53 months (5-116 months). At 5 years, the cumulative overall survival (OS) was 55% while the cumulative EFS was 54% with a flattening of the curve at 2 years. There was a significant difference in OS (p= 0.001) and EFS (p= 0.057) in patients diagnosed with NPC under 14 years of age (n= 11) and those between 14 and 18 years (n= 11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our institutional study, NPC presents late and in advanced stage. The outcome is better in younger children. Our survival rates, while comparable to developing countries, are less than those seen in the developed world. We feel a strong need for collaborative studies in view of small numbers in individual centres.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan. haleemahsaeed@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Haleema
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Alia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.forename: Mehreen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adhi
authors.forename: Rabia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dawson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome