title: Vitreopapillary adhesion in macular diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of vitreopapillary adhesion (VPA) in macular diseases is not understood. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography/scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SD-OCT/SLO) was used to identify VPA in macular holes, lamellar holes, macular pucker, and dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultrasonography and SD-OCT/SLO were performed in 99 subjects: 17 with macular holes, 11 with lamellar holes, 28 with macular pucker, 15 with dry AMD, and 28 age-matched controls. Outcome measures were the presence of total posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) by ultrasound and the presence or absence of VPA and intraretinal cystoid spaces by SD-OCT/SLO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PVD was detected by ultrasound in 26 (92.9%) of 28 eyes with macular pucker, 6 (54.5%) of 11 eyes with lamellar holes (P = .01), and 4 (23.5%) of 17 eyes with macular holes (P = .000003). SD-OCT/SLO detected VPA in 15 (88.2%) of 17 eyes with macular holes, 11 (39.3%) of 28 age-matched controls (P = .002), 4 (36.4%) of 11 eyes with lamellar holes (P = .01), 4 (26.7%) of 15 eyes with dry AMD (P = .0008), and 5 (17.9%) of 28 eyes with macular pucker (P = .000005). Intraretinal cystoid spaces were present in 15 (100%) of 15 eyes with macular holes with VPA. In eyes with macular pucker, 4 (80%) of 5 with VPA had intraretinal cystoid spaces, but only 1 (4.3%) of 23 without VPA had intraretinal cystoid spaces (P = .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VPA was significantly more common in eyes with macular holes than in controls or eyes with dry AMD, lamellar holes, or macular pucker. Intraretinal cystoid spaces were found in all eyes with macular holes with VPA. When present in macular pucker, VPA was frequently associated with intraretinal cystoid spaces. Although these investigations do not study causation directly, VPA may have an important influence on the vectors of force at the vitreoretinal interface inducing cystoid spaces and holes.
authors.affiliation: VMR Institute, Huntington Beach, California, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sebag
authors.forename: Michelle Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dieuthu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Alfredo A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sadun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003560:Cysts / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008266:Macula Lutea; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods; D009898:Optic Disk; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000150:complications; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014822:Vitreous Body; D020255:Vitreous Detachment / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology