title: Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress inflammatory activation of rheumatoid arthritis patient synovial macrophages and tissue.
abstract: Macrophages contribute significantly to the pathology of many chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Macrophage activation and survival are tightly regulated by reversible acetylation and deacetylation of histones, transcription factors, and structural proteins. Although histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACis) demonstrate therapeutic effects in animal models of chronic inflammatory disease, depressed macrophage HDAC activity in patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or RA may contribute to inflammation in these diseases, potentially contraindicating the therapeutic administration of HDACis. In this study, we directly examined whether HDACis could influence the activation of macrophages derived from the inflamed joints of patients with RA. We found that inhibition of class I/II HDACs or class III sirtuin HDACs potently blocked the production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha by macrophages from healthy donors and patients with RA. Two HDACis, trichostatin A and nicotinamide, selectively induced macrophage apoptosis associated with specific downregulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bfl-1/A1, and inflammatory stimuli enhanced the sensitivity of macrophages to HDACi-induced apoptosis. Importantly, inflammatory and angiogenic cytokine production in intact RA synovial biopsy explants was also suppressed by HDACis. Our study identifies redundant, but essential, roles for class I/II and sirtuin HDACs in promoting inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell survival in RA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aleksander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Grabiec
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krausz
authors.forename: Wilco
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Jager
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burakowski
authors.forename: Dion
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Groot
authors.forename: Marjolein E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Berent J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Prakken
authors.forename: Wlodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maslinski
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eldering
authors.forename: Paul P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Tak
authors.forename: Kris A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Reedquist
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C096816:BCL2-related protein A1; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D015850:Interleukin-6; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C528828:suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid; D009536:Niacinamide; C012589:trichostatin A