title: Perinatal hemorrhagic shock after fetal scalp blood sampling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fetal scalp blood sampling is commonly used for fetal monitoring during labor to identify intrapartum fetal hypoxia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A male term neonate was monitored by fetal scalp blood sampling because of abnormal cardiotocographic recordings. After emergency cesarean delivery, the newborn presented with severe hemorrhagic shock as a result of fetal anemia from the scalp blood sampling. Two scalp incisions were identified as the bleeding source. The underlying reason for the development of hemorrhagic shock was factor IX-deficiency resulting from spontaneous mutation. The neonate was subsequently discharged a week later without further complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complications during fetal scalp blood sampling are very rare, but obstetricians and neonatologists should be aware of the potential presence of coagulopathies, especially with the persistence of scalp bleeding after delivery.
authors.affiliation: From the Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of General Pediatrics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Hemmen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sabir
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stannigel
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoehn
mesh_terms: D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000379:methods; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002836:Hemophilia B / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000209:etiology*