title: Prospective, open study of long-acting injected risperidone versus oral antipsychotics in 88 chronically psychotic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A long-acting, injected, carbohydrate-microsphere preparation of risperidone (RLAI; Risperdal Consta ((R))) is reported to be safe and effective in chronic psychotic illnesses but, as its long-term and comparative efficacy remain unclear, this study compared clinical status during oral antipsychotic treatment versus conversion to RLAI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychotic patients (n=88; initial BPRS=93+/-5) were treated for 6 months with clinically chosen oral medication and then converted to biweekly RLAI for the first 6 months (6-6 months matched mirror comparison) and then for another 18 months. Clinical status in the two treatment periods and in the 18 months of follow-up was compared with measures including BPRS improvement (primary outcome), CGI variants and SF-36 ratings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RLAI (at a mean dose of 47 mg/2 weeks at six and up to 23.1+/-3.3 months) was associated with major improvements in all outcome measures (p<0.001). Initial BPRS scores fell by an average of 50% within six months; hospitalizations declined from 19.8% to 0%, and rates of adverse events were reduced by 2.5- to 7.4-fold. Such benefits were sustained during 18 months of follow-up with RLAI-treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings are limited by the lack of a parallel control treatment, such as with oral risperidone or another antipsychotic, lack of blinded assessments, and a moderate number of subjects. Nevertheless, the findings add to indications that RLAI can be an effective and well-tolerated treatment-option for chronically psychotic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Girardi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pompili
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Innamorati
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tatarelli
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Baldessarini
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002241:Carbohydrates; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D002241:Carbohydrates; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D018967:Risperidone