title: Cardioprotection afforded by St Thomas solution is enhanced by emulsified isoflurane in an isolated heart ischemia reperfusion injury model in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether adding emulsified isoflurane to St Thomas cardioplegia solution could enhance the cardiac protection after cardioplegic arrest in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty isolated heart preparations were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10/group) according to the different cardioplegia solutions being given: St Thomas solution mixed with emulsified isoflurane (containing 2.8% of isoflurane, group EI), St Thomas solution mixed with emulsified Intralipid (Huarui Pharmacy, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China) (group EL), and St Thomas solution alone (group St). In the 35-minute normothermic ischemia period, infusion of cardioplegia solution was repeated every 15 minutes. After the 35-minute ischemia period, the heart was perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer for another 2 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The functional parameters of the heart were monitored throughout the experiments. The coronary effluent was collected for measuring the activity of CK-MB 30 minutes after reperfusion, and the infarct size was assessed at the end of reperfusion. The infarct size in group EI (24% +/- 4%) was reduced when compared with that in group EL (31% +/- 8%, p < 0.05) and group St (43% +/- 9%, p < 0.001). The CK-MB activity in group EI was decreased significantly when compared with that in group EL and group St (p < 0.05). The functional recovery in group EI also was improved. Compared with standard St Thomas solution alone, adding 30% Intralipid alone also significantly reduced the infarct size and the CK-MB leakage and improved the recovery of the mechanical function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  St Thomas cardioplegia solution supplemented with emulsified isoflurane enhanced its cardioprotection in an isolated heart ischemia reperfusion injury model in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wensheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shanling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yanfang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013812:Therapeutics
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001639:Bicarbonates; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; C041711:St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D007530:Isoflurane; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form; D008274:Magnesium; D002122:Calcium Chloride