title: Sublethal responses of the common mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) exposed to sodium hypochlorite and Mexel432 used as antifoulants.
abstract: The sublethal effects of two antifoulants currently used in power plant cooling systems were assessed in the common mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and an alkyl amine surfactant (Mexel432) assayed, were within the range of those currently discharged by power plants into receiving waters. Enzymatic activities and oxidative stress responses were measured in digestive gland and gill of mussels after 1, 3, 7 and 14 days of exposure, as well as histopathology in gill tissue. Both antifoulants caused a pathological response in gills and the activities of the enzymes glutathione S-transferase, catalase, acetylcholinesterase and the lipid peroxidation levels were also affected. Exposure to NaClO caused a greater toxicological response than Mexel432. In both treatments, gills appeared to be the most affected tissue, although Mexel432 also significantly affected digestive gland parameters.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López-Galindo
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vargas-Chacoff
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nebot
authors.forename: José F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Casanueva
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mancera
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solé
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003959:Diamines / Q000633:toxicity*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D049878:Mytilus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003959:Diamines; D004202:Disinfectants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite