title: Sustained exogenous expression of therapeutic levels of IFN-gamma ameliorates atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice via Th1 polarization.
abstract: The short in vivo half-life of IFN-gamma can prevent the cytokine from inducing immunological changes that are favorable for the treatment of Th2-dominant diseases, such as atopic dermatitis. To examine whether a sustained supply of IFN-gamma is effective in regulating the balance of Th lymphocyte subpopulations, plasmid vector encoding mouse IFN-gamma, pCpG-Mugamma, or pCMV-Mugamma was injected into the tail vein of NC/Nga mice, a model for human atopic dermatitis. A single hydrodynamic injection of a CpG motif reduced pCpG-Mugamma at a dose of 0.14 microg/mouse resulted in a sustained concentration of IFN-gamma in the serum, and the concentration was maintained at >300 pg/ml over 80 d. The pCpG-Mugamma-mediated IFN-gamma gene transfer was associated with an increase in the serum concentration of IL-12, reduced production of IgE, and inhibition of mRNA expression of IL-4, -5, -10, -13, and -17 and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in the spleen. These immunological changes were not clearly observed in mice receiving two injections of 20 microg pCMV-Mugamma, a CpG-replete plasmid DNA, because of the transient nature of the expression from the vector. The mice receiving pCpG-Mugamma showed a significant reduction in the severity of skin lesions and in the intensity of their scratching behavior. Furthermore, high transepidermal water loss, epidermal thickening, and infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils, all of which were obvious in the untreated mice, were significantly inhibited. These results indicate that an extraordinary sustained IFN-gamma expression induces favorable immunological changes, leading to a Th1-dominant state in the atopic dermatitis model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Makiya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Kanitta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watcharanurak
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikoma
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kabashima
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyota
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takakura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018793:Interleukin-13; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015848:Interleukin-5; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007371:Interferon-gamma