Viral shape-shifting: norovirus evasion of the human immune system.
Noroviruses are the most common cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide, and explosive outbreaks frequently occur in community settings, where the virus can immobilize large numbers of infected individuals for 24-48 hours, making the development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapies a priority. However, several challenges have hampered therapeutic design, including: the limitations of cell culture and small-animal model systems; the complex effects of host pre-exposure histories; differential host susceptibility, which is correlated with blood group and secretor status; and the evolution of novel immune escape variants. In this Review, we discuss the molecular and structural mechanisms that facilitate the persistence of noroviruses in human populations.
Donaldson
Eric F
EF
University of North Carolina, Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
Lindesmith
Lisa C
LC
Lobue
Anna D
AD
Baric
Ralph S
RS
D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D029322:Norovirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
D036022:Capsid Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines