Stimulants and doping in sport.
Stimulants have been frequently detected in doping control samples and represent a structurally diverse class of compounds. Comprehensive sports drug-testing procedures have been developed using gas or liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometric detection, and they have revealed various adverse analytical findings, as demonstrated with 2 examples, 4-methylhexan-2-amine and methoxyphenamine. Moreover, the necessity of controlling the use or misuse of stimulating agents is outlined by means of pseudoephedrine, a compound that was prohibited in sports until the end of 2003. Since the ban was lifted, monitoring programs proved a significant increase in pseudoephedrine applications as determined from urine samples collected in competition. As a consequence, a reimplementation of this drug in future doping controls was decided.
Thevis
Mario
M
Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany. m.thevis@biochem.dshs-koeln.de
Sigmund
Gerd
G
Geyer
Hans
H
Schänzer
Wilhelm
W
D000662:Amphetamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D054199:Pseudoephedrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis
D000662:Amphetamines; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D054199:Pseudoephedrine; D004809:Ephedrine