Hospitalizations for invasive pneumococcal disease among human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected children, adolescents and young adults in the United States in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine.
We describe hospitalization trends of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals <25 years of age since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in the United States, using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. We estimated national trends of IPD hospitalizations during 3 periods: 1994 to 1995 (pre-HAART and pre-PCV7 era); 1998 to 1999 (HAART and pre-PCV7 era); and 2004 to 2005 (HAART and early PCV7 era). The number of IPD hospitalizations among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children and youth <25 years in the United States declined by 78.7% between 1994/1995 and 2004/2005 (P = 0.03). This decrease was more pronounced among younger children.
Kourtis
Athena P
AP
Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. apk3@cdc.gov
Ellington
Sascha
S
Bansil
Pooja
P
Jamieson
Denise J
DJ
Posner
Samuel F
SF
D000293:Adolescent; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015497:HIV-1; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines