title: (68)Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT in comparison with CT for the detection of bone metastasis in patients with neuroendocrine tumours.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of (68)Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT and CT alone for the evaluation of bone metastasis in patients with neuroendocrine tumour (NET).
  
  
  METHODS
  From among patients with NET who underwent (68)Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT between April 2006 and November 2008 in our centre, 223 were included in the study. Criteria for inclusion were pathological confirmation of NET and a follow-up period of at least 10 months. PET and CT images were retrospectively reviewed by two nuclear medicine specialists and two radiologists, respectively, without knowledge of the patient history or the findings of other imaging modalities. PET data were compared with the CT findings. Interobserver agreement was evaluated in terms of the kappa score. Clinical and imaging follow-up were used as the standard of reference to evaluate the PET findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PET was performed for staging (49/223), unknown primary tumour detection (24/223), restaging (32/223), restaging before radioimmunotherapy (1/223), evaluation during therapy (12/223), equivocal findings on conventional imaging (4/223 at the bone level; 61/223 at sites other than bone), and follow-up (40/223). A very high interobserver agreement was observed. CT detected at least one bone lesion in only 35 of 44 patients with a positive PET scan. In particular, PET showed more lesions in 20/35 patients, a lower number of lesions in 8/35, and the same number in 7/35. The characteristics of the lesions (sclerotic, lytic, mixed) on the basis of the CT report did not influence PET reading. PET revealed the presence of at least one bone metastasis in nine patients with a negative CT scan. Considering patients with a negative PET scan (179), CT showed equivocal findings at the bone level in three (single small sclerotic abnormality in two at the spine level, and bilateral small sclerotic abnormalities in the humeri, femurs and scapula). Clinical follow-up confirmed the PET findings in all patients; thus there were no false-positive or false-negative findings. Considering all patients, PET detected more lesions than CT (246 vs. 194). As compared to CT, on a patient basis PET showed a higher sensitivity (100% vs. 80%), specificity (100% vs. 98%), positive predictive value (100% vs. 92%), and negative predictive value (100% vs. 95%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, (68)Ga DOTA-NOC PET was more accurate than CT for the identification of bone lesions and led to a change in clinical management in nine patients with a negative CT scan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ambrosini
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nanni
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zompatori
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Campana
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tomassetti
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castellucci
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Allegri
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rubello
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Montini
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary*; D015588:Observer Variation; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012272:Ribs / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: C504894:68Ga-DOTANOC; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals