title: Association of serum adiponectin with risk for cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adiponectin exerts anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties and may be important as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined whether serum adiponectin was linked with future cardiovascular events or all-cause death in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study prospectively included 468 patients (58% male) with symptomatic PAD. Serum total adiponectin was determined by an in-house immunoassay. We used Cox regression, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, systemic hypertension, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, previous myocardial infarction (MI), ankle-brachial index (ABI), symptoms of leg ischemia, total cholesterol, and use of beta-blockers (BAB) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to assess possible relationship between serum adiponectin and time to first non-fatal cardiovascular event, and all-cause death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the median follow-up of 3.5 years, 215 new cases of non-fatal cardiovascular events and 97 all-cause deaths were detected. Adjusted Cox-regression analysis showed that a 1mg/l increase in serum adiponectin was associated with a decrease in the risk of non-fatal cardiovascular events to 0.68, (95% CI 0.47-0.99) in men, but not in women (HR 0.96 95% CI 0.55-1.70). The relative risk of adverse non-fatal cardiovascular events was 77% higher in male patients within the lower adiponectin tertile, when compared with those in the higher tertile (95% CI 1.05-2.97). Moreover, serum adiponectin was the only significant independent predictor of non-fatal cardiovascular events for men with severe PAD (HR=0.37, 95% CI, 0.16-0.89; p=0.026), whereas previous MI (p=0.92) and ABI (p=0.08) failed to reach statistical significance in the multivariable model. We did not obtain any significant associations between serum adiponectin and all-cause mortality. Multivariable model revealed that age and previous MI were independently associated with risk for all-cause death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower levels of serum adiponectin were significantly associated with an increased risk for future non-fatal cardiovascular events in men with symptomatic PAD, but not in women.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Research Unit, Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Hospital, Denmark. Grazina.urbonaviciene@sun.au.dk
authors.forename: Grazina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Urbonaviciene
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frystyk
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flyvbjerg
authors.forename: Eskild W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Henneberg
authors.forename: Jes S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lindholt
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin