title: Evidence for cross-species infections and cross-subtype mutations in influenza a matrix proteins.
abstract: The occurrence of swine H1N1 pandemic was unexpected because our previous focus was concentrated on highly pathogenic avian H5N1 outbreaks. The H1N1 pandemic means that cross-species infection and cross-subtype mutation is not as rare as we had previously thought, and the barriers between species and between subtypes are not strong for influenza A virus. In this study, we use ANOVA to determine if there are barriers between species and between subtypes in the matrix protein 1 family from influenza A virus. The results show that the inter-species/subtype variations are generally much smaller than the intra-species/subtype ones, indicating that the barriers between species and between subtypes are not strong for influenza A viruses, which provides statistical evidence for cross-species infections and cross-subtype mutations.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Non-food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Shaomin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000821:virology; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000821:virology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000821:virology; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000821:virology; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C488936:M1 protein, Influenza A virus; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins