title: Migraine history and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women.
abstract: PURPOSE Both migraine and breast cancer are hormonally mediated. Two recent reports indicate that women with a migraine history may have a lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer than those who never suffered migraines. This finding requires confirmation; in particular, an assessment of the influence of use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is needed, because many studies indicate that NSAID use also may confer a reduction in breast cancer risk. METHODS We assessed the relationship between self-reported history of migraine and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in 91,116 women enrolled on the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study prospective cohort from 1993 to 1998 at ages 50 to 79 years. Through September 15, 2005, there were 4,006 eligible patients with breast cancer diagnosed. Results Women with a history of migraine had a lower risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80 to 98) than women without a migraine history. This risk did not vary by recent NSAID use. The lower risk was somewhat more pronounced for invasive estrogen-receptor-positive and progesterone-receptor-positive tumors (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.97), as no reduction in risk was observed for invasive ER-negative/PR-negative tumors (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.57), and this difference in risk estimates was borderline statistically significant (P = .06). CONCLUSION This study supports the hypothesis that a history of migraine is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer and that this relationship is independent of recent NSAID use.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 N Fairview Ave, M4-C308, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA. cili@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: Christopher I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Mathes
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Bluhm
authors.forename: Bette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caan
authors.forename: Mary F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cavanagh
authors.forename: Rowan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Chlebowski
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: Mary Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: Marcia L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Stefanick
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prentice
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017698:Postmenopause; D011379:Prognosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone