title: Simultaneous quantification of the organophosphorus pesticides dimethoate and omethoate in porcine plasma and urine by LC-ESI-MS/MS and flow-injection-ESI-MS/MS.
abstract: Dimethoate is an organophosphorus toxicant used in agri- and horticulture as a systemic broad-spectrum insecticide. It also exhibits toxic activity towards mammalian organism provoked by catalytic desulfuration in the liver producing its oxon-derivative omethoate thus inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, initiating cholinergic crisis and ultimately leading to death by respiratory paralysis and cardiovascular collapse. Pharmaco- and toxicokinetic studies in animal models help to broaden basic understanding of medical intervention by antidotes and supportive care. Therefore, we developed and validated a LC-ESI-MS/MS method suitable for the simultaneous, selective, precise (RSD(intra-day) 1-8%; RSD(inter-day) 5-14%), accurate (intra-day: 95-107%; inter-day: 90-115%), and robust quantification of both pesticides from porcine urine and plasma after deproteinization by precipitation and extensive dilution (1:11,250 for plasma and 1:40,000 for urine). Accordingly, lower limits of quantification (0.24-0.49 microg/ml plasma and 0.78-1.56 microg/ml urine) and lower limits of detection (0.12-0.24 microg/ml plasma and 0.39-0.78 microg/ml urine) were equivalent to quite low absolute on-column amounts (1.1-2.1 pg for plasma and 2.0-3.9 pg for urine). The calibration range (0.24-250 microg/ml plasma and 0.78-200 microg/ml urine) was subdivided into two linear ranges (r(2)>or=0.998) each covering nearly two orders of magnitude. The lack of any interfering peak in 6 individual blank specimens from plasma and urine demonstrated the high selectivity of the method. Furthermore, extensive sample dilution causing lowest concentration of potentially interfering matrix ingredients prompted us to develop and validate an additional flow-injection method (FI-ESI-MS/MS). Validation characteristics were as good as for the chromatographic method but sample throughput was enhanced by a factor of 6. Effects on ionization provoked by plasma and urine matrix from 6 individuals as well as in the presence of therapeutics (antidotes) administered in an animal study were investigated systematically underlying in the reliability of the presented methods. Both methods were applied to porcine samples derived from an in vivo animal study.
authors.affiliation: Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstr 11, 80937 Munich, Germany. HaraldJohn@bundeswehr.org
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eddleston
authors.forename: R Eddie
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Clutton
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Worek
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thiermann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004117:Dimethoate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D004355:Drug Stability; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D016014:Linear Models; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; C002302:dimethoxon; D004117:Dimethoate