title: Human exercise-induced circulating progenitor cell mobilization is nitric oxide-dependent and is blunted in South Asian men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Circulating progenitor cells (CPC) have emerged as potential mediators of vascular repair. In experimental models, CPC mobilization is critically dependent on nitric oxide (NO). South Asian ethnicity is associated with reduced CPC. We assessed CPC mobilization in response to exercise in Asian men and examined the role of NO in CPC mobilization per se.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 15 healthy, white European men and 15 matched South Asian men, CPC mobilization was assessed during moderate-intensity exercise. Brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation was used to assess NO bioavailability. To determine the role of NO in CPC mobilization, identical exercise studies were performed during intravenous separate infusions of saline, the NO synthase inhibitor L-NMMA, and norepinephrine. Flow-mediated vasodilatation (5.8%+/-0.4% vs 7.9%+/-0.5%; P=0.002) and CPC mobilization (CD34(+)/KDR(+) 53.2% vs 85.4%; P=0.001; CD133(+)/CD34(+)/KDR(+) 48.4% vs 73.9%; P=0.05; and CD34(+)/CD45(-) 49.3% vs 78.4; P=0.006) was blunted in the South Asian group. CPC mobilization correlated with flow-mediated vasodilatation and l-NMMA significantly reduced exercise-induced CPC mobilization (CD34(+)/KDR(+) -3.3% vs 68.4%; CD133(+)/CD34(+)/KDR(+) 0.7% vs 71.4%; and CD34(+)/CD45(-) -30.5% vs 77.8%; all P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In humans, NO is critical for CPC mobilization in response to exercise. Reduced NO bioavailability may contribute to imbalance between vascular damage and repair mechanisms in South Asian men.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, LIGHT Laboratories, Clarendon Way, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cubbon
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Murgatroyd
authors.forename: Carrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: T Scott
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rakobowchuk
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baliga
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajwani
authors.forename: Afroze
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Birch
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wheatcroft
authors.forename: Harry B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Rossiter
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kearney
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D044466:Asian People; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015444:Exercise; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014664:Vasodilation; D044465:White People; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D015415:Biomarkers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006023:Glycoproteins; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D009638:Norepinephrine