title: Small interference RNA profiling reveals the essential role of human membrane trafficking genes in mediating the infectious entry of dengue virus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dengue virus (DENV) is the causative agent of Dengue fever and the life-threatening Dengue Haemorrhagic fever or Dengue shock syndrome. In the absence of anti-viral agents or vaccine, there is an urgent need to develop an effective anti-viral strategy against this medically important viral pathogen. The initial interplay between DENV and the host cells may represent one of the potential anti-viral targeting sites. Currently the involvements of human membrane trafficking host genes or factors that mediate the infectious cellular entry of dengue virus are not well defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we have used a targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) library to identify and profile key cellular genes involved in processes of endocytosis, cytoskeletal dynamics and endosome trafficking that are important and essential for DENV infection. The infectious entry of DENV into Huh7 cells was shown to be potently inhibited by siRNAs targeting genes associated with clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The important role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis was confirmed by the expression of well-characterized dominant-negative mutants of genes in this pathway and by using the clathrin endocytosis inhibitor chlorpromazine. Furthermore, DENV infection was shown to be sensitive to the disruption of human genes in regulating the early to late endosomal trafficking as well as the endosomal acidic pH. The importance and involvement of both actin and microtubule dynamics in mediating the infectious entry of DENV was also revealed in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, the findings from this study have provided a detail profiling of the human membrane trafficking cellular genes and the mechanistic insight into the interplay of these host genes with DENV to initiate an infection, hence broadening our understanding on the entry pathway of this medically important viral pathogen. These data may also provide a new potential avenue for development of anti-viral strategies and treatment of DENV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 5 Science Drive 2, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Firzan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: Andrew Phui Yew
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Mary Mah-Lee
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Justin Jang Hann
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022163:Clathrin-Coated Vesicles / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D004705:Endocytosis; D011992:Endosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000821:virology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053586:Virus Internalization
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering