title: Depression screening patterns for women in rural health clinics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rates and types of screening for depression in rural primary care practices are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify rates of depression screening among rural women in a sample of rural health clinics (RHCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A chart review of 759 women's charts in 19 randomly selected RHCs across the nation. Data were collected from charts of female patients of rural primary care providers, using trained data collectors (inter-rater reliability .88 to .93). The Women's Primary Care Screening Form, designed by the authors, was used to collect demographic, health, and screening data. Data describing the characteristics of the clinics were collected using the National Rural Health Clinic Survey. Data regarding formal screening (validated instrument used) or informal (documentation of specific questions and answers regarding depression) in the previous 5 years were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Characteristics of participating clinics and demographics of the women were similar to published data. Formal screening was documented in 2.4% of patients' charts. Informal screening was documented in 33.2% of charts. Patients with a history of anxiety were more likely to be screened (P < .001), and younger women were more likely to be screened than older women (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary care providers in RHCs use more informal than formal depression screening with their female patients. Providers are more likely to screen younger patients or patients with a diagnosis of anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA. tudiverf@etsu.edu
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tudiver
authors.forename: Joellen Beckett
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Deborah T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Pfortmiller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013714:Tennessee / Q000453:epidemiology; D014932:Women's Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult