title: Distinct ethnic differences in lipid profiles across glucose categories.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dyslipidemia coexists with hyperglycemia. However, little is known about the ethnic differences in lipid profiles at comparable glucose tolerance status.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to study ethnic differences in lipid profiles stratified by glucose levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 31 study cohorts of 12 countries, consisting of 24,760 men and 27,595 women aged 25-74 yr, were compared. The odds ratio for having dyslipidemia was estimated for each ethnic group stratified by glucose categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with central and northern Europeans, multivariable adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for having lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were 4.74 (4.19-5.37), 5.05 (3.88-6.56), 3.07 (2.15-4.40), and 2.37 (1.67-3.35) in Asian Indian men, but 0.12 (0.09-0.16), 0.07 (0.04-0.13), 0.11 (0.07-0.20), and 0.16 (0.08-0.32) in Chinese men who had normoglycemia, prediabetes, and undiagnosed and diagnosed diabetes, respectively. Similar results were obtained for women. The prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol remained higher in Asian Indians (62.8% of the nondiabetic and 67.4% of the diabetic) than in central and northern Europeans (20.3 and 37.3%), Japanese (25.7 and 34.1%), or Qingdao Chinese (15.7 and 17.0%), even in individuals with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol of less than 3 mmol/liter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are distinct patterns of lipid profiles associated with ethnicity regardless of the glucose levels, suggesting that ethnic-specific strategies and guidelines on risk assessment and prevention of cardiovascular disease are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, PL41, Mannerheimintie 172, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Janus
authors.forename: Tai Hing
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Ambady
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: Coen D A
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
authors.forename: Yanhu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagami
authors.forename: Altan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onat
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Söderberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012015:Reference Standards; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D002784:Cholesterol