title: CoMFA analysis of tgDHFR and rlDHFR based on antifolates with 6-5 fused ring system using the all-orientation search (AOS) routine and a modified cross-validated r(2)-guided region selection (q(2)-GRS) routine and its initial application.
abstract: We report the development of CoMFA analysis models that correlate the 3D chemical structures of 80 compounds with 6-5 fused ring system synthesized in our laboratory and their inhibitory potencies against tgDHFR and rlDHFR. In addition to conventional CoMFA analysis, we used two routines available in the literature aimed at the optimization of CoMFA: all-orientation search (AOS) and cross-validated r(2)-guided region selection (q(2)-GRS) to further optimize the models. During this process, we identified a problem associated with q(2)-GRS routine and modified using two strategies. Thus, for the inhibitory activity against each enzyme (tgDHFR and rlDHFR), five CoMFA models were developed using the conventional CoMFA, AOS optimized CoMFA, the original q(2)-GRS optimized CoMFA and the modified q(2)-GRS optimized CoMFA using the first and the second strategy. In this study, we demonstrate that the modified q(2)-GRS routines are superior to the original routine. On the basis of the steric contour maps of the models, we designed four new compounds in the 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-phenylsulfanyl-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine series. As predicted, the new compounds were potent and selective inhibitors of tgDHFR. One of them, 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-(2',6'-dimethylphenylthio)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, is the first 6-5 fused ring system compound with nanomolar tgDHFR inhibitory activity. The HCl salt of this compound was also prepared to increase solubility. Both forms of the drug were tested in vivo in a Toxoplasma gondii infection mouse model. The results indicate that both forms were active with the HCl salt significantly more potent than the free base.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA. gangjee@duq.edu
authors.forename: Aleem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gangjee
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Lisa R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Biondo
authors.forename: Sherry F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Queener
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase