title: Association between fruit juice consumption and self-reported body mass index among adult Canadians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of obesity and being overweight is rising among adult Canadians and diet is recognised as one of the main causes of obesity. The consumption of fruit and vegetables is shown to be protective against obesity and being overweight but little is known about the association of fruit juice consumption and obesity and being overweight. The present study aimed to investigate the association between fruit juice consumption and self-reported body mass index (BMI) among adult Canadians.
  
  
  METHODS
  This analysis is based on the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 3.1. A regression method was used to assess the association of fruit juice consumption with self-reported BMI in 18-64-year-old Canadians who had been adjusted for sex, age, total household income, education, self-rated health, and daily energy expenditure. Because the analysis is based on a cross-sectional dataset, it does not imply a cause and effect relationship.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost 38.6% of adult Canadians reported a fruit juice intake of 0.5-1.4 times per day and 18.2% consumed fruit juice more than 1.5 times per day. Participants with normal weight were likely to consume more fruit juice than obese individuals. Regression analysis showed a negative association between fruit juice consumption and BMI after adjusting for age, sex, education, marital status, income, total fruit and vegetable intake, daily energy expenditure, and self-rated health. On average, for each daily serving of fruit juice, a -0.22 unit (95% confidence interval = -0.33 to -0.11) decrease in BMI was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained showed a moderate negative association between fruit juice intake and BMI, which may suggest that a moderate daily consumption of fruit juice is associated with normal weight status.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. daneshn@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akhtar-Danesh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dehghan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002170:Canada; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012650:Self Disclosure; D055815:Young Adult