title: Purification, characterization and immuno-modulating properties of polysaccharides isolated from Flammulina velutipes mycelium.
abstract: To investigate the immuno-modulating activity of Flammulina velutipes mycelium, three different Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides (FVPs) were isolated by fractionation using gel filtration and were identified as the immunomodulators of murine peritoneal macrophages. Based on the results of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), NMR spectroscopy, methylation analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrogram (GC-MS), FVP2C was identified as glucose, galactose, mannose and fucose in molar ratio of 100: 14: 7: 4. FVP2C, molecular weight of 27.3 x 10(3) Da, was characterized as alpha-D-(1-->4)-glucan which was highly branched with alpha-D-(1-->6)-glucosyl residues, a single galactose or small amounts of mannoses and fucose at the C-6 position every twelve residues, on average, along the main chain. In the present study, it was found that three FVPs induced a significant increase in cellular nitric oxide formation, interleukin-1 production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion in macrophages in vitro. The immuno-modulating activity of FVP2A, FVP2B and FVP2C was dose-dependent.
authors.affiliation: China Pharmaceutical University, China.
authors.forename: Hongping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yufeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huiling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D055393:Flammulina / Q000737:chemistry*; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015394:Molecular Structure; D025282:Mycelium; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005936:Glucans; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide