title: Clinical outcome after acute coronary syndrome in Japanese patients: an observational cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mortality and morbidity after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Japan appear to be different from those in Western countries due to different social healthcare systems, races, geographical locations, and interventional procedures, although data are limited in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  With a hospital-based cohort study comprising all the new patients who had visited our hospital between 2004 and 2007 (n=6562), we identified all-cause mortality, the composite endpoint of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or target vessel revascularization and the predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total, 293 patients were included with a discharge diagnosis of ACS (median follow-up of 24.5 months). Non-ST elevation-ACS (NSTE-ACS) (unstable angina and non-ST elevation MI) and ST elevation MI (STEMI) were observed in 165 (56.3%) and 128 (43.7%) patients, respectively. Percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery was performed in 72.7% and 14.5% of NSTE-ACS patients, respectively and in 82.8% and 10.2% of STEMI patients. The use of aspirin, ticlopidine, and beta-blockers for NSTE-ACS patients were 93.3%, 66.9%, and 38.0%, respectively, with corresponding rates of 96.0%, 75.4%, and 57.1% for STEMI patients. All-cause mortality rates in NSTE-ACS and STEMI were 1.8% and 5.5% at 30 days, respectively, and 6.3% and 12.9% at 2 years, with corresponding rates of 3.7% and 8.7% at 30 days, respectively, and 23.4% and 35.6% at 2 years for the composite endpoint. Multivariate analysis showed that predictors for mortality were older age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.018-1.244) and estimated glomerular filtration rate value (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.929-0.988) in NSTE-ACS, and older age (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.011-1.119) and congestive heart failure on admission (HR 20.0, 95% CI 2.439-164.4) in STEMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study identified long-term mortality, morbidity, and predictors of adverse events for Japanese patients with ACS.
authors.affiliation: The Cardiovascular Institute, 7-3-10 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0032, Japan. nmichi-kyu@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Michinari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yajima
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sagara
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kirigaya
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: Tokuhisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uejima
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Tadanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aizawa
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin