title: Juvenile exposure to anthracyclines impairs cardiac progenitor cell function and vascularization resulting in greater susceptibility to stress-induced myocardial injury in adult mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The anthracycline doxorubicin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used to treat pediatric cancers but is associated with cardiotoxicity that can manifest many years after the initial exposure. To date, very little is known about the mechanism of this late-onset cardiotoxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To understand this problem, we developed a pediatric model of late-onset doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in which juvenile mice were exposed to doxorubicin, using a cumulative dose that did not induce acute cardiotoxicity. These mice developed normally and had no obvious cardiac abnormalities as adults. However, evaluation of the vasculature revealed that juvenile doxorubicin exposure impaired vascular development, resulting in abnormal vascular architecture in the hearts with less branching and decreased capillary density. Both physiological and pathological stress induced late-onset cardiotoxicity in the adult doxorubicin-treated mice. Moreover, adult mice subjected to myocardial infarction developed rapid heart failure, which correlated with a failure to increase capillary density in the injured area. Progenitor cells participate in regeneration and blood vessel formation after a myocardial infarction, but doxorubicin-treated mice had fewer progenitor cells in the infarct border zone. Interestingly, doxorubicin treatment reduced proliferation and differentiation of the progenitor cells into cells of cardiac lineages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that anthracycline treatment impairs vascular development as well as progenitor cell function in the young heart, resulting in an adult heart that is more susceptible to stress.
authors.affiliation: San Diego State University, BioScience Center and Department of Biology, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Chengqun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiaoxue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ramil
authors.forename: Shivaji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rikka
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Youngil
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Natalie A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Gude
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Thistlethwaite
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sussman
authors.forename: Roberta A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: Asa B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D054715:Cardiotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D054715:Cardiotoxins; D004317:Doxorubicin