title: Cardiopulmonary bypass does not affect plasma concentration of preoperatively administered gabapentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Drug effects can be unpredictable during cardiac surgery due to factors that may influence drug concentration, such as extracorporeal oxygenation and hemodilution. The primary aim of the current investigation was to determine whether plasma gabapentin concentration is altered by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Following approval from the Research Ethics Board and written informed consent, we conducted this open-label prospective cohort investigation. A convenience sample of 16 patients, who were scheduled for coronary bypass surgery, received oral gabapentin 600 mg as follows: 90 min prior to induction of anesthesia, following tracheal extubation, and then every eight hours for a total of four doses. Plasma gabapentin concentration, as well as pain and sedation scores, were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma gabapentin concentrations were unaltered during CPB (31.9 +/- 12.7 mumol.L(-1) prior to CPB, 35.6 +/- 12.9 to 37.2 +/- 9.6 mumol.L(-1) during CPB). However, using the current protocol, drug accumulation (reflected by increased drug concentrations) was observed following the third (58.2 +/- 19.5 micromol.L(-1)) and the fourth (71.9 +/- 34.3 micromol.L(-1)) doses. Pain and sedation scores and opioid requirements were comparable with those found in other studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma gabapentin concentration is unaltered during CPB following preoperative administration. Drug accumulation following third and fourth postoperative doses suggests the need for therapeutic drug monitoring in future trials. Gabapentin is well established as an effective adjunct analgesic in a number of surgical settings. Randomized controlled trials are necessary to evaluate analgesic efficacy, optimal dosing, and adverse effects in the setting of cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University & Kingston General Hospital, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. parlowj@queensu.ca
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parlow
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gilron
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dumerton-Shore
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Phelan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000588:Amines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011300:Preoperative Care; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000700:Analgesics; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000077206:Gabapentin