title: Lipoteichoic acid enhances IL-6 production in human synovial fibroblasts via TLR2 receptor, PKCdelta and c-Src dependent pathways.
abstract: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of developing infections and appear to be particularly susceptible to septic arthritis. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria is an amphiphilic, negatively charged glycolipid. However, the effects of LTA on human synovial fibroblasts are largely unknown. We investigated the signaling pathway involved in IL-6 production stimulated by LTA in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF). LTA caused concentration- and time-dependent increases in IL-6 production. LTA-mediated IL-6 production was attenuated by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) monoclonal antibody or siRNA. Pretreatment with PKCdelta inhibitor (rottlerin), c-Src inhibitor (PP2), AP-1 inhibitor (tanshinone IIA) and NF-kappaB inhibitor (PDTC and TPCK) also inhibited the potentiating action of LTA. However, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) mutant and siRNA did not affect LTA-mediated IL-6 production. Stimulation of cells with LTA increased the PKCdelta and c-Src phosphorylation and kinase activity. LTA increased the accumulation of p-c-Jun and p-p65 in the nucleus, as well as AP-1 and NF-kappaB luciferase activity. LTA-mediated increase of AP-1 and NF-kappaB luciferase activity was inhibited by rottlerin and PP2 or TLR2 and PKCdelta siRNA or c-Src mutant. Our results suggest that LTA-increased IL-6 production in human synovial fibroblasts via the TLR2 receptor, PKCdelta, c-Src, AP-1 and NF-kappaB signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. chtang@mail.cmu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Chih-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Chin-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Wei-Hung
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yi-Chin
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Fong
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019061:src-Family Kinases
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D013682:Teichoic Acids; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; C009900:lipoteichoic acid; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases; C000631346:CSK protein, human; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta