title: Predictive power progesterone combined with beta human chorionic gonadotropin measurements in the outcome of threatened miscarriage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the predictive power of progesterone combined with beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) measurements in the outcome of threatened miscarriage.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study was conducted on 245 intrauterine pregnant women from January 2006 to October 2008. 175 women with threatened miscarriages who consulted for vaginal bleeding received exogenous progesterone supplements. There were 108 patients with ongoing pregnancies until delivery and 67 patients with inevitable miscarriages. Control group included 70 pregnant women. Serum concentrations of progesterone and β-HCG were measured by Microparticle enzyme immunoassay between the fourth and fifth gestational weeks. The discrimination attained between the two study groups (ongoing pregnancies and inevitable miscarriages) was evaluated by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean serum levels of progesterone and β-HCG in patients with inevitable miscarriages (13.76 ± 5.52 ng/ml, 3,647.00 ± 2,123.00 mIU/ml, respectively) were significantly lower than these levels in normal intrauterine pregnancies (31.67 ± 5.86 ng/ml, 13,437.00 ± 6,256.00 mIU/ml, respectively) and ongoing pregnancies (25.47 ± 6.18 ng/ml, 8,492.00 ± 2,389.00 mIU/ml, respectively) (P < 0.001). Serum progesterone combined with β-HCG measurements, with a diagnostic accuracy of 85.7% (sensitivity 88.1%, specificity 84.3%), had the best prognostic reliability and significant differences were found when this parameter was compared with the predictive value of a single progesterone (diagnostic accuracy 72.5%, sensitivity 76.1%, specificity 70.4%) or β-HCG (diagnostic accuracy 74.8%, sensitivity 64.1%, specificity 81.4%) determinations. A combination of two biochemical parameters shows substantial improvement over a single-marker strategy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progesterone combined with β-HCG measurements may be useful for predicting the outcome of threatened miscarriage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Sichuan, People's Republic of China. duanlj1014@163.com
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Denglu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Weiyue
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D011374:Progesterone