title: Sepsis-induced myocardial depression is associated with transcriptional changes in energy metabolism and contractile related genes: a physiological and gene expression-based approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased nitric oxide production and altered mitochondrial function have been implicated in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. The molecular mechanisms underlying myocardial depression in sepsis and the contribution of nitric oxide in this process however, are incompletely understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the transcriptional profile associated with sepsis-induced myocardial depression in a clinically relevant mouse model, and specifically test the hypothesis that critical transcriptional changes are inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  University affiliated research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57/BL6 wild type and congenic B6 129P2-Nos2tm1Lau/J (iNOS) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment of myocardial function after 48 hrs of induction of polymicrobial sepsis by caecal ligation and perforation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We compared the myocardial transcriptional profile in C57/BL6 wild type mice and congenic B6 129P2-Nos2tm1Lau/J litter mates after 48 hrs of polymicrobial sepsis induced by caecal ligation and perforation. Profiling of 22,690 expressed sequence tags by gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that inducible nitric oxide synthase -/- failed to down regulate critical bioenergy and metabolism related genes including the gene for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1. Bioinformatics analysis identified a striking concordance in down regulation of transcriptional activity of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-related transcription factors resulting in sepsis associated myocardial remodeling as shown by isoform switching in the expression of contractile protein myosin heavy chain. In inducible nitric oxide synthase -/- deficient mice, contractile depression was minimal, and the transcriptional switch was absent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic and myosin isoform gene expression switch in sepsis-induced myocardial depression is inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent. Furthermore, we suggest that the molecular switch favoring the expression of fetal isoforms of contraction related proteins is associated with regulation of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 and related transcription factors in an inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Claudia C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gattas
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Tsoporis
authors.forename: Lonneke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smeding
authors.forename: Golam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.forename: Hussain
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masoom
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akram
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Plotz
authors.forename: Arthur S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Slutsky
authors.forename: Mansoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sibbald
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D024722:Cardiac Myosins / Q000235:genetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D020297:Mice, Congenic; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics*; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D018805:Sepsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; C485290:Ppargc1a protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D024722:Cardiac Myosins; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains