title: Usefulness of warm water and oil assistance in colonoscopy by trainees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Success rate of cecal intubation, endoscopist's difficulty, and procedure-related patient pain are still problems for beginners performing colonoscopy. New methods to aid colonoscopic insertion such as warm water instillation and oil lubrication have been proposed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using warm water or oil in colonoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colonoscopy was performed in 117 unsedated patients by three endoscopists-in-training. Patients were randomly allocated to three groups, using a conventional method with administration of antispasmodics, warm water instillation, and oil lubrication, respectively. Success rate of total intubation within time limit (15 min), cecal intubation time, degree of endoscopist's difficulty, and level of patient discomfort were compared among the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cecal intubation time was shorter in the warm water group than in the conventional and oil groups. Degree of procedural difficulty was lower in the warm water group, and patient pain score was higher in the oil lubrication group, compared with the other groups. However, there was no significant difference in success rate of intubation within time limit among the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The warm water method is a simple, safe, and feasible method for beginners. Oil lubrication may not be a useful method compared with conventional and warm water method.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Institute of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keum
authors.forename: Eun Sun
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Suk
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Sehe Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sanghoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yeon Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Yong Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yoon Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Jeen
authors.forename: Hoon Jai
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Soon Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Um
authors.forename: Chang Duck
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ho Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002432:Cecum / Q000473:pathology; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005762:Gastroenterology / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D054327:Lubricants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009821:Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014851:Wakefulness; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D054327:Lubricants; D009821:Oils; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D014867:Water