title: Bug22p, a conserved centrosomal/ciliary protein also present in higher plants, is required for an effective ciliary stroke in Paramecium.
abstract: Centrioles, cilia, and flagella are ancestral conserved organelles of eukaryotic cells. Among the proteins identified in the proteomics of ciliary proteins in Paramecium, we focus here on a protein, Bug22p, previously detected by cilia and basal-body high-throughput studies but never analyzed per se. Remarkably, this protein is also present in plants, which lack centrioles and cilia. Bug22p sequence alignments revealed consensus positions that distinguish species with centrioles/cilia from plants. In Paramecium, antibody and green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion labeling localized Bug22p in basal bodies and cilia, and electron microscopy immunolabeling refined the localization to the terminal plate of the basal bodies, the transition zone, and spots along the axoneme, preferentially between the membrane and the microtubules. RNA interference (RNAi) depletion of Bug22p provoked a strong decrease in swimming speed, followed by cell death after a few days. High-speed video microscopy and morphological analysis of Bug22p-depleted cells showed that the protein plays an important role in the efficiency of ciliary movement by participating in the stroke shape and rigidity of cilia. The defects in cell swimming and growth provoked by RNAi can be complemented by expression of human Bug22p. This is the first reported case of complementation by a human gene in a ciliate.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laligné
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.forename: N Garreau
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: de Loubresse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lemullois
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Papon
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koll
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018385:Centrosome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002923:Cilia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005407:Flagella / Q000378:metabolism; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010247:Paramecium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins