title: Population dynamics of acetic acid bacteria during traditional wine vinegar production.
abstract: The population dynamics of acetic acid bacteria in traditional vinegar production was determined in two independent vinegar plants at both the species and strain level. The effect of barrels made of four different woods upon the population dynamics was also determined. Acetic acid bacteria were isolated on solid media and the species were identified by RFLP-PCR of 16S rRNA genes and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while strains were typed by ERIC-PCR and (GTG)(5)-rep-PCR. The most widely isolated species was Acetobacter pasteurianus, which accounted for 100% of all the isolates during most of the acetification. Gluconacetobacter europaeus only appeared at any notable level at the end of the process in oak barrels from one vinegar plant. The various A. pasteurianus strains showed a clear succession as the concentration of acetic acid increased. In both vinegar plants the relative dominance of different strains was modified as the concentrations of acetic acid increased, and strain diversity tended to reduce at the end of the process.
authors.affiliation: Departamento Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vegas
authors.forename: Estibaliz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mateo
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jara
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guillamón
authors.forename: Montse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poblet
authors.forename: Ma Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Torija
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mas
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000091:Acetobacter / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005516:Food Microbiology; D041821:Gluconacetobacter / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010802:Phylogeny; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011158:Population Growth; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D019342:Acetic Acid