title: Specific interaction between E2F1 and Sp1 regulates the expression of murine CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase alpha during the S phase.
abstract: CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase alpha (CCTalpha) is a key enzyme for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in mammalian cells. This enzyme plays an essential role in all processes that require membrane biosynthesis such as cell proliferation and viability. Thus, CCTalpha activity and expression fluctuate during the cell cycle to achieve PtdCho requirements. We demonstrated, for the first time, that CCTalpha is localized in the nucleus in cells transiting the S phase, whereas it is localized in the cytoplasm of G(0)-arrested cells, suggesting a specific role of nuclear CCTalpha during the S phase. We also investigated how E2F1 influences the regulation of the CCTalpha-promoter during the S phase; we demonstrated that E2F1 is necessary, but not sufficient, to activate CCTalpha expression when this factor is over-expressed. However, when E2F1 and Sp1 were over-expressed, the transcription from the CCTalpha-promoter reporter construct was super-activated. Transient transfection studies demonstrated that E2F1 could super-activate Sp1-dependent transcription in a promoter containing only the Sp1 binding sites "B" or "C", and that Sp1 could activate Sp1-dependent transcription in a promoter containing the E2F site, thus, further demonstrating a functional interaction of these factors. In conclusion, the present results allowed us to portray the clearest picture of the CCTalpha-gene expression in proliferating cells, and understand the mechanism by which cells coordinate cell cycle progression with the requirement for phosphatidylcholine.
authors.affiliation: IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Area Biología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elena
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Banchio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D019916:Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D003570:Cytidine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016196:S Phase; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D003570:Cytidine Triphosphate; D019916:Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase; C500611:Pcyt1a protein, mouse