title: Implication of RICTOR in the mTOR inhibitor-mediated induction of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her2) expression in gastrointestinal cancer cells.
abstract: Inhibition of mTORC1 with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin may lead to an induction of Akt phosphorylation in cancer cells via mTORC2 activation. Using gastric and pancreatic cancer cells, we further investigated this paradoxical signaling response and found that rapamycin additionally up-regulates both IGF-IR and Her2 expression. Using RNAi for down-regulating RICTOR, this induction of receptor kinase expression was identified to be mediated via an mTORC2-induced Akt activation. Moreover, mTORC2 inhibition reduced the phosphorylation of GSK-3 and NF-kappaB, and significantly impaired cancer cell motility. In conclusion, inhibition of mTORC2 may abrogate unfavorable signaling effects of mTOR inhibitors, hence providing a novel rationale for therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. sven.lang@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: Sven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hackl
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fichtner-Feigl
authors.forename: Gudrun E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Koehl
authors.forename: Hans J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schlitt
authors.forename: Edward K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Geissler
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stoeltzing
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D000076226:Rapamycin-Insensitive Companion of mTOR Protein; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000076226:Rapamycin-Insensitive Companion of mTOR Protein; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D020123:Sirolimus; D014157:Transcription Factors; C493245:CRTC2 protein, human; C492571:RICTOR protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human