title: Validation of functional imaging with pathology for tumor delineation in the prostate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A study was performed to validate magnetic resonance (MR) based prostate tumor delineations with pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with biopsy proven prostate cancer underwent a T2 weighted (T2w), diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) scan before prostatectomy. Suspicious regions were delineated based on all available MR information. After prostatectomy whole-mount hematoxylin-eosin stained (H&E) sections were made. Tumor tissue was delineated on the H&E stained sections and compared with the MR based delineations. The registration accuracy between the MR images and H&E stained sections was estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A tumor coverage of 44-89% was reached by the MR based tumor delineations. The application of a margin of approximately 5mm to the MR based tumor delineations yielded a tumor coverage of 85-100% in all patients. Errors created during the registration procedure were 2-3mm, which cannot completely explain the limited tumor coverage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An accurate tissue processing and registration method was presented (registration error 2-3mm), which enables the validation of MR based tumor delineations with pathology. Reasonable tumor coverage of about 85% and larger was found when applying a margin of approximately 5 mm to the MR based tumor delineations.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. G.Groenendaal-2@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Greetje
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Groenendaal
authors.forename: Maaike R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moman
authors.forename: Johannes G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Korporaal
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Diest
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Vulpen
authors.forename: Marielle E P
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Philippens
authors.forename: Uulke A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: van der Heide
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D003287:Contrast Media; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C090600:gadobutrol