title: Clinical observations and success rates of palatal implants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anchorage control is a challenge in orthodontics. Implants can be used to provide absolute anchorage.The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rates of palatal implants used for various anchorage purposes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four palatal implants were placed in 33 patients. In the adults (n = 9), the implants (n = 9) were placed in the median palatal suture. In the adolescents (n = 24), the implants (n = 25) were placed in the paramedian region. The implants were used to support a transpalatal arch, a modified distal jet appliance, or a modified hyrax screw. An implant was considered successful if it could be used as planned throughout the orthodontic treatment. The patients were asked to evaluate their pain perception after placement and explantation procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three implants failed early (during the waiting period before orthodontic loading, within 3 months after placement). During the orthodontic loading period, no implants were lost. No statistically significant correlations were found between success rate and sex, age, primary stability, placement site (median or paramedian), implant size, or palatal depth. Pain perception after surgery was acceptable. The success rate of the palatal implants in this study was 91%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Palatal implants are a reliable method of providing absolute anchorage control in a variety of patients for different indications. They can be loaded both directly and indirectly.
authors.affiliation: Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dental Clinic, Department of Orthodontics, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium. kasscher@vub.ac.be
authors.forename: Karlien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asscherickx
authors.forename: Bart Vande
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Vannet
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bottenberg
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wehrbein
authors.forename: Mehran Moradi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sabzevar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D016348:Osseointegration; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000295:instrumentation; D021362:Palate, Hard / Q000601:surgery*; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants