title: Local and long-range reciprocal regulation of cAMP and cGMP in axon/dendrite formation.
abstract: Cytosolic cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) often mediate antagonistic cellular actions of extracellular factors, from the regulation of ion channels to cell volume control and axon guidance. We found that localized cAMP and cGMP activities in undifferentiated neurites of cultured hippocampal neurons promote and suppress axon formation, respectively, and exert opposite effects on dendrite formation. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging showed that alterations of the amount of cAMP resulted in opposite changes in the amount of cGMP, and vice versa, through the activation of specific phosphodiesterases and protein kinases. Local elevation of cAMP in one neurite resulted in cAMP reduction in all other neurites of the same neuron. Thus, local and long-range reciprocal regulation of cAMP and cGMP together ensures coordinated development of one axon and multiple dendrites.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shelly
authors.forename: Byung Kook
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cancedda
authors.forename: Sarah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Heilshorn
authors.forename: Hongfeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Mu-ming
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Poo
mesh_terms: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D003712:Dendrites / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D016501:Neurites / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP