title: Analysis of a physician tool for evaluating dysphagia on an inpatient stroke unit: the modified Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although many dysphagia screening protocols have been introduced in recent years, no validated, physician-administered dysphagia screening tool exists for acute stroke that can be performed at the bedside. Based on the psychometrically validated Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA), we developed the Modified MASA (MMASA) as a physician-administered screening tool for dysphagia in acute stroke.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to complete initial validation of this new screening tool for dysphagia in acute ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two stroke neurologists independently performed the MMASA on 150 patients with ischemic stroke. Speech-language pathologists performed the standard MASA on all patients. All examiners were blinded to the results of the other assessments. Interjudge reliability was evaluated between the neurologists. Validity between the screening tool (MMASA) and the clinical evaluation (MASA) was assessed with sensitivity/specificity and predictive value assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interobserver agreement between the neurologists using the MMASA was good (k=0.76; SE=0.082). Based on the comprehensive clinical evaluation (MASA), 36.2% of patients demonstrated dysphagia. Screening results from the neurologists (N1 and N2) identified 38% and 36.7% prevalence of dysphagia, respectively. Sensitivity (N1: 92%, N2: 87%), specificity (N1: 86.3%, N2: 84.2%), positive predictive value (N1: 79.4%, N2: 75.8%), and negative predictive value (N1: 95.3%, N2: 92%) were high between the screen and the comprehensive clinical evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study suggests that the MMASA is a potentially valid and reliable physician-administered screening tool for dysphagia in acute ischemic stroke. Use of this tool may facilitate earlier identification of dysphagia in patients with stroke prompting more rapid comprehensive evaluation and intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32610-0175, USA.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Antonios
authors.forename: Giselle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carnaby-Mann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crary
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.forename: Raam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sambandam
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silliman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003679:Deglutition; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006757:Hospital Units; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors