title: Bronchiolitis: recent evidence on diagnosis and management.
abstract: Viral bronchiolitis is a leading cause of acute illness and hospitalization of young children. Research into the variation in treatment and outcomes for bronchiolitis across different settings has led to evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Ongoing investigation continues to expand this body of evidence. Authors of recent surveillance studies have defined the presence of coinfections with multiple viruses in some cases of bronchiolitis. Underlying comorbidities and young age remain the most important predictors for severe bronchiolitis. Pulse oximetry plays an important role in driving use of health care resources. Evidence-based reviews have suggested a limited role for diagnostic laboratory or radiographic tests in typical cases of bronchiolitis. Several large, recent trials have revealed a lack of efficacy for routine use of either bronchodilators or corticosteroids for treatment of bronchiolitis. Preliminary evidence suggests a potential future role for a combination of these therapies and other novel treatments such as nebulized hypertonic saline.
authors.affiliation: MSCE, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Emergency Medicine, Main AS01, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399, USA. zorc@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zorc
authors.forename: Caroline Breese
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D018450:Disease Progression; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010092:Oximetry; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic