title: Fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery simulator training to proficiency improves laparoscopic performance in the operating room-a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to assess whether training to proficiency with the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) simulator would result in improved performance in the operating room (OR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen junior residents underwent baseline FLS testing and were assessed in the OR using a validated global rating scale (GOALS) during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Those with GOALS scores <or=15 were randomly assigned to training (n = 9) or control (n = 8) groups. An FLS proficiency-based curriculum was used in the training group. Scoring on FLS and in the OR was repeated after the study period. Evaluators were blinded to randomization status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen residents completed the study. There were no differences in baseline simulator (49.1 +/- 17 vs 39.5 +/- 16, P = .27) or OR scores (11.3 +/- 2.0 vs 12.0 +/- 1.8; P = .47). After training, simulator scores were higher in the trained group (95.1 +/- 4 vs 60.5 +/- 23, P = .004). OR performance improved in the control group by 1.8 to 13.8 +/- 2.2 (P = .04), whereas the trained group improved by 6.1 to 17.4 +/- 1.9 (P = .0005 vs control; P < .0001 vs baseline).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study clearly demonstrates the educational value of FLS simulator training in surgical residency curricula.
authors.affiliation: Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sroka
authors.forename: Liane S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Melina C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vassiliou
authors.forename: Pepa A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kaneva
authors.forename: Raad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fayez
authors.forename: Gerald M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Fried
mesh_terms: D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000193:education*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003162:Competency-Based Education / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009048:Motor Skills; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009873:Operating Rooms; D011336:Probability; D011792:Quebec; D012016:Reference Values; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors