title: Priming immunization with DNA augments immunogenicity of recombinant adenoviral vectors for both HIV-1 specific antibody and T-cell responses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Induction of HIV-1-specific T-cell responses relevant to diverse subtypes is a major goal of HIV vaccine development. Prime-boost regimens using heterologous gene-based vaccine vectors have induced potent, polyfunctional T cell responses in preclinical studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first opportunity to evaluate the immunogenicity of DNA priming followed by recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) boosting was as open-label rollover trials in subjects who had been enrolled in prior studies of HIV-1 specific DNA vaccines. All subjects underwent apheresis before and after rAd5 boosting to characterize in depth the T cell and antibody response induced by the heterologous DNA/rAd5 prime-boost combination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  rAd5 boosting was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events. Compared to DNA or rAd5 vaccine alone, sequential DNA/rAd5 administration induced 7-fold higher magnitude Env-biased HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses and 100-fold greater antibody titers measured by ELISA. There was no significant neutralizing antibody activity against primary isolates. Vaccine-elicited CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells expressed multiple functions and were predominantly long-term (CD127(+)) central or effector memory T cells and that persisted in blood for >6 months. Epitopes mapped in Gag and Env demonstrated partial cross-clade recognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heterologous prime-boost using vector-based gene delivery of vaccine antigens is a potent immunization strategy for inducing both antibody and T-cell responses.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00102089, NCT00108654.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Koup
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roederer
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lamoreaux
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Novik
authors.forename: Martha C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Nason
authors.forename: Brenda D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Larkin
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Enama
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ledgerwood
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Bailer
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mascola
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Nabel
authors.forename: Barney S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D007371:Interferon-gamma