title: Decision-making for and impact of early immunomodulatory treatment: the Austrian Clinically Isolated Syndrome Study (ACISS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  When to start disease-modifying treatment (DMT) in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) requires individual weighing of benefits versus possible burden of side effects and costs. How this occurs in a routine setting is barely known. The aim of the study was to investigate the decision-making process regarding immediate or later DMT and the ensuing impact on CIS patients in Austria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic and (para) clinical characteristics of 296 CIS patients were recorded in 29 multiple sclerosis (MS) centres, and the patients' overall condition was rated on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Clinical follow-up and VAS ratings were repeated at 6-month intervals over 2 years. The decision for initiation of DMT was at the physician's and patient's discretion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 29% of patients, DMT was started within 3 months and this decision was independently associated with a T2-lesion number >or=9 on MRI and a worse VAS rating by the physician. DMT initiation in the subsequent 6 months was additionally associated with the presence of oligoclonal bands and rarely occurred thereafter. Adapted to the clinical course, later treatment was associated with the highest rate of conversion to clinically definite MS and greatest disability after 2 years whilst never treated patients fared best. Patient VAS ratings significantly improved during follow-up independently of treatment decisions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The management of Austrian CIS patients relies strongly on MRI findings and the physicians' interpretation of the patients' overall situation which, after 2 years, depends primarily on the course of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. franz.fazekas@medunigraz.at
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fazekas
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Baumhackl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deisenhammer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kristoferitsch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ladurner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Soukop
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wimmer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vass
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001317:Austria; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D003657:Decision Making; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors