title: Deciding about patients' requests for extraction: ethical and legal guidelines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  and Overview. Dentists frequently are faced with patients' requests for an extraction, sometimes of the entire dentition. In this article, the authors offer guidelines to help dentists and oral surgeons make decisions regarding such requests for extraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In most cases of patients' requesting extractions, the ethical principle of nonmaleficence will play a decisive role in the dentist's decision making. In cases in which the request appears influenced by a specific mental condition such as a phobia of dental treatment, extraction rarely is justifiable. Practice Implications. Dental professionals should keep in mind that they cannot be forced to carry out treatment that is at odds with the ethical principle of nonmaleficence or that is outside of the bounds of accepted treatment. To aid dentists in making treatment decisions in such cases, the authors present a flowchart that integrates possible considerations.
authors.affiliation: Department for Dental Fear and Disabilities, Center for Special Care in Dentistry, Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA Amsterdam, Netherlands. d.broers@sbt.acta.n
authors.forename: Dyonne L M
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Broers
authors.forename: Wolter G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Brands
authors.forename: Jos V M
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Welie
authors.forename: Ad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Jongh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057215:Body Dysmorphic Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D003657:Decision Making; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003729:Dental Care / Q000592:standards; D003812:Dentist-Patient Relations; D003815:Dentists / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D030881:Disclosure; D004990:Ethics, Dental; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D016743:Mental Competency / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D028701:Patient Rights / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D016079:Refusal to Treat / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D012945:Social Values; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000941:ethics*