title: Risk management for gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients: questionnaire for patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.
abstract: More elderly patients now undergo gastrointestinal endoscopy following recent advances in endoscopic techniques. In this study, we conducted a high-risk survey of endoscopies in Japan, using a questionnaire administered prior to upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy (UGITE), and identified anticholinergic agents and glucagon preparations as high-risk premedication. We also evaluated the cardiovascular effects of anticholinergic agents and glucagon through measurements of plasma levels of human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) and human brain natriuretic peptide (hBNP). The subjects were 1480 patients who underwent UGITE. Nurses administered a pre-endoscopy questionnaire, questioning subjects regarding heart disease, hypertension, glaucoma, and urinary difficulties as risk factors for anticholinergic agents, and Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for glucagon preparations. Evaluation of subjects divided into under 65 and over 65 age groups revealed that in subjects aged 65 and over, risk factors for anticholinergic agents were significantly more high than those for glucagon. Analysis of the cardiovascular effects of anticholinergic agents and glucagon, in the elderly patients showed that hANP levels were significantly higher following administration of anticholinergic agents, but the change was not significant for glucagon premedication. Taking a detailed history before UGITE with the aid of a questionnaire at the same time as informed consent is obtained, is extremely useful in terms of risk management and selection of the appropriate premedication.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Umegaki
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokioka
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Toshihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoda
authors.forename: Mitsuyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murano
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higuchi