The human genome and sport, including epigenetics, gene doping, and athleticogenomics.
Hugh Montgomery's discovery of the first of more than 239 fitness genes together with rapid advances in human gene therapy have created a prospect of using genes, genetic elements, and cells that have the capacity to enhance athletic performance (to paraphrase the World Anti-Doping Agency's definition of gene doping). This brief overview covers the main areas of interface between genetics and sport, attempts to provide a context against which gene doping may be viewed, and predicts a futuristic legitimate use of genomic (and possibly epigenetic) information in sport.
Sharp
N C Craig
NC
Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University, Uxbridge, West London, UK.
D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000379:methods* / Q000517:prevention & control; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000235:genetics; D005221:Fatigue / Q000235:genetics; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D055435:Myostatin / Q000235:genetics; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin / Q000235:genetics; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*
D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D055435:Myostatin; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin; D004921:Erythropoietin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C000705307:ACE2 protein, human; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2