title: The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway for patients undergoing major elective open colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathway is to attenuate the stress response to surgery and enable rapid recovery. The objective of this meta-analysis was to study the differences in outcomes in patients undergoing major elective open colorectal surgery within an ERAS pathway and those treated with conventional perioperative care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline, Embase and Cochrane database searches were performed for relevant studies published between January 1966 and November 2009. All randomized controlled trials comparing ERAS with conventional perioperative care were selected. The outcome measures studied were length of hospital stay, complication rates, readmission rates and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six randomized controlled trials with 452 patients were included. The number of individual ERAS elements used ranged from 4 to 12, with a mean of 9. The length of hospital stay [weighted mean difference (95% confidence interval): -2.55 (-3.24, -1.85)] and complication rates [relative risk (95% confidence interval): 0.53 (0.44, 0.64)] were significantly reduced in the enhanced recovery group. There was no statistically significant difference in readmission and mortality rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ERAS pathways appear to reduce the length of stay and complication rates after major elective open colorectal surgery without compromising patient safety.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2 UH, UK.
authors.forename: Krishna K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Varadhan
authors.forename: Keith R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: Cornelius H C
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Dejong
authors.forename: Kenneth C H
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Fearon
authors.forename: Olle
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ljungqvist
authors.forename: Dileep N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Lobo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult