title: Computed tomographic evaluation of cerebral ventricular size in clinically normal calves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate lateral ventricular size in clinically normal calves by use of computed tomography and to examine the relationships between ventricular height (Vh), ventricular area (VA), and ventricular volume (VV).
  
  
  METHODS
  14 Holstein calves. Procedures-14 calves underwent computed tomography of the head with transverse images acquired from the rostral aspect of the frontal lobe continuing caudally to the level of the foramen magnum. Hemispheric height, Vh, VA, and hemispheric area were measured on images obtained at the level of the interventricular foramen. Ventricular volume was calculated by multiplying the sum of VAs measured on each transverse image by the total slice thickness. The left Vh-to-right Vh ratio was calculated to determine the degree of ventricular asymmetry, which was categorized as normal (ie, symmetric) to minimally asymmetric, mildly asymmetric, or severely asymmetric.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean +/- SD values for Vh and the Vh-to-hemispheric height ratio were 4.96 +/- 1.56 mm and 7.47%, respectively. The mean VA was 114.29 +/- 47.68 mm(2), and the mean VV was 2,443.50 +/- 1,351.50 mm3. Normal to minimally asymmetric ventricles were identified in 13 calves, and mildly asymmetric ventricles were identified in 1 calf. Significant correlations were found between Vh and VA and between Vh and VV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results establish reference values for ventricular size in clinically normal calves and suggest that Vh measurement may be a simple and useful technique for examining size of the cerebral ventricles in calves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Ki-Ja
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Won
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ho-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Miori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Toshiroh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Yoh-Ichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary*