title: LOX index, a novel predictive biochemical marker for coronary heart disease and stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) is implicated in atherothrombotic diseases. Activation of LOX-1 in humans can be evaluated by use of the LOX index, obtained by multiplying the circulating concentration of LOX-1 ligands containing apolipoprotein B (LAB) times that of the soluble form of LOX-1 (sLOX-1) [LOX index = LAB x sLOX-1]. This study aimed to establish the prognostic value of the LOX index for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in a community-based cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 11-year cohort study of 2437 residents age 30-79 years was performed in an urban area located in Japan. Of these, we included in the analysis 1094 men and 1201 women without history of stroke and CHD. We measured LAB and sLOX-1 using ELISAs with recombinant LOX-1 and monoclonal anti-apolipoprotein B antibody and with 2 monoclonal antibodies against LOX-1, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up period, there were 68 incident cases of CHD and 91 cases of stroke (with 60 ischemic strokes). Compared with the bottom quartile, the hazard ratio (HR) of the top quartile of LOX index was 1.74 (95% CI 0.92-3.30) for stroke and 2.09 (1.00-4.35) for CHD after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, drinking, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, non-HDL cholesterol, and use of lipid-lowering agents. Compared with the bottom quartile of LOX index, the fully adjusted HRs for ischemic stroke were consistently high from the second to the top quartile: 3.39 (95% CI 1.34-8.53), 3.15 (1.22-8.13) and 3.23 (1.24-8.37), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher LOX index values were associated with an increased risk of CHD. Low LOX index values may be protective against ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kokubo
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagida
authors.forename: Akemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kakino
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Sayoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsui
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Kagehiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015415:Biomarkers; C495137:OLR1 protein, human; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E