title: Comprehensive expression analysis suggests overlapping and specific roles of rice glutathione S-transferase genes during development and stress responses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are the ubiquitous enzymes that play a key role in cellular detoxification. Although several GSTs have been identified and characterized in various plant species, the knowledge about their role in developmental processes and response to various stimuli is still very limited. In this study, we report genome-wide identification, characterization and comprehensive expression analysis of members of GST gene family in crop plant rice, to reveal their function(s).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A systematic analysis revealed the presence of at least 79 GST genes in the rice genome. Phylogenetic analysis grouped GST proteins into seven classes. Sequence analysis together with the organization of putative motifs indicated the potential diverse functions of GST gene family members in rice. The tandem gene duplications have contributed a major role in expansion of this gene family. Microarray data analysis revealed tissue-/organ- and developmental stage-specific expression patterns of several rice GST genes. At least 31 GST genes showed response to plant hormones auxin and cytokinin. Furthermore, expression analysis showed the differential expression of quite a large number of GST genes during various abiotic stress (20), arsenate stress (32) and biotic stress (48) conditions. Many of the GST genes were commonly regulated by developmental processes, hormones, abiotic and biotic stresses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transcript profiling suggests overlapping and specific role(s) of GSTs during various stages of development in rice. Further, the study provides evidence for the role of GSTs in mediating crosstalk between various stress and hormone response pathways and represents a very useful resource for functional analysis of selected members of this family in rice.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India. mjain@nipgr.res.in
authors.forename: Mukesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Challa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ghanashyam
authors.forename: Annapurna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhattacharjee
mesh_terms: D003583:Cytokinins / Q000378:metabolism; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D020440:Gene Duplication; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005810:Multigene Family; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012275:Oryza / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D010802:Phylogeny; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D003583:Cytokinins; D018744:DNA, Plant; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D005982:Glutathione Transferase