title: Predicting happiness among centenarians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Happiness is believed to evolve from the comparison of current circumstances relative to past achievement. However, gerontological literature on happiness in extreme old age has been limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine how perceptions of health, social provisions, and economics link past satisfaction with life to current feelings of happiness among persons living to 100 years of age and beyond.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 158 centenarians from the Georgia Centenarian Study were included to conduct the investigation. Items reflecting congruence and happiness from the Life Satisfaction Index were used to evaluate a model of happiness. Pathways between congruence, perceived economic security, subjective health, perceived social provisions, and happiness were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Congruence emerged as a key predictor of happiness. Furthermore, congruence predicted perceived economic security and subjective health, whereas perceived economic security had a strong influence on subjective health status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears that past satisfaction with life influences how centenarians frame subjective evaluations of health status and economic security. Furthermore, past satisfaction with life is directly associated with present happiness. This presents implications relative to understanding how perception of resources may enhance quality of life among persons who live exceptionally long lives.
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Family Science Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Okla 74074, USA. alex.bishop @ okstate.edu
authors.forename: Alex J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jazwinski
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gearing
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Markesbery
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Woodard
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tenover
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Siegler
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hausman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rott
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arnold
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011788:Quality of Life; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors