title: [Attentiveness in school children: effect of cesarean section birth].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of cesarean section birth based on different indications on attentiveness in school children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 308 school children were assigned to three groups according to their birth model: natural delivery (n = 105), cesarean section due to social factors (n = 101) or medical factors (n = 102). The integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-CPT) was performed for assessing attentiveness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IVA-CPT demonstrated that there were significant differences in the quotients of combination control, auditory response control, combination attention, auditory attention, visual attention, auditory vigilance, visual concordance, visual vigilance and visual attention among the three groups (p<0.05). The results of the IVA-CPT in the group of cesarean section due to medical factors was obviously poorer than that of the natural delivery group and the group of cesarean section due to social factors. However no significant differences were observed between the groups of natural delivery and of cesarean section due to social factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cesarean section itself has no significant impacts on attentiveness in school children, while medical indications for cesarean section may contribute to major cause of attention deficit disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Ya-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000209:etiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D002585:Cesarean Section; D002648:Child; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine