"Caseness" for depression and anxiety in a depressed outpatient population: symptomatic outcome as a function of baseline diagnostic categories.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the diagnostic status of patients enrolled in the Factors Influencing Depression Endpoints Research (FINDER) study and symptomatic outcomes and baseline characteristics associated with remission 6 months after commencing antidepressant therapy.


METHODS
Status of clinically diagnosed depressed patients was based on self-rated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores. Five diagnostic categories were defined: noncaseness, mixed anxiety-depression (subthreshold depressive and anxious symptomatology), caseness for depression, caseness for anxiety, and caseness for comorbid anxiety-depression. Assessments included the Somatic Symptom Inventory and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. Remission rates (based on HADS noncaseness for both depression and anxiety) and their associations with baseline characteristics were investigated. Patients were enrolled between May 2004 and September 2005.


RESULTS
Of the 3,353 patients enrolled, 66.4% met the HADS criteria for probable depressive disorder and 74.1% met the HADS criteria for probable anxiety disorder. Somatic symptom severity (painful and nonpainful) was highest and HRQoL was lowest in the comorbid anxiety-depression group. After 6 months, remission rates were 50.2% for caseness for depression, 40.4% for caseness for anxiety, and 40.6% for caseness for comorbid anxiety-depression. A lower number of previous depressive episodes, shorter current episode duration, lower painful and nonpainful somatic symptom scores, being married, a higher educational level, and working for pay were most consistently associated with higher remission rates.


CONCLUSIONS
Physicians do not always differentiate between anxiety and depressive symptoms when making a clinical diagnosis of depression. At baseline, most enrolled patients had significant emotional depressive and anxious symptoms, as well as significant nonpainful and painful somatic symptomatology, and these factors were associated with outcome.
Demyttenaere
Koen
K
University Hospitals Gasthuisberg and University Psychiatric Centre KuLeuven, campus Leuven, Belgium. Koen.Demyttenaere@med.kuleuven.be
Verhaeghen
Anne
A
Dantchev
Nicolas
N
Grassi
Luigi
L
Montejo
Angel L
AL
Perahia
David G S
DG
Quail
Deborah
D
Reed
Catherine
C
Tylee
Andre
A
Bauer
Michael
M