title: Immunostaining in Mohs micrographic surgery: a review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the advent of incorporating the immunoperoxidase staining technique into the processing of frozen tissue, the use of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) has been expanded to include several high-risk tumors such as lentigo maligna, malignant melanoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To thoroughly review the English medical literature pertaining to the use of immunohistochemical staining techniques on frozen sections during MMS and to summarize the basic relevant outcomes from the different relevant studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline search was conducted, with the following words used in the search criteria: "Mohs surgery,""staining,""immunostaining," and "immunoperoxidase." RESULTS Generally, all immunostains showed advantage over the traditional hematoxylin and eosin approach. Studies of MART-1 in melanoma chemosurgery indicated that it is typically crisp and has less background staining than MEL-5 and better staining consistency than HMB-45. In cases of desmoplastic melanomas, S100 is the stain of choice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunostaining offers an advantage in MMS. Large, randomized, prospective studies comparing the different immunostains are still lacking in the literature. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Department, Wayne State University, Dearborn, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Abdel Kader
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: El Tal
authors.forename: Ayad E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Abrou
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stiff
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mehregan
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D018223:Dermatofibrosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D018327:Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle / Q000601:surgery; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens; D015580:Mohs Surgery; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009418:S100 Proteins; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; C548667:MLANA protein, human; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009418:S100 Proteins