title: [Diversity of culturable bacteria associated with the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus from Naozhou Island].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the diversity of culturable bacteria isolated from the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus collected from a tidal flat of Naozhou Island (20 degrees 52'N - 20 degrees 56'N 110 degrees 33'E - 110 degrees 38'E), Leizhou Bay, South China Sea, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacteria were isolated from the sample by using conventional culture-dependent method and then investigated by using phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We isolated 106 bacterial strains from the sample on media (Difco marine 2216, International Streotomyces Project medium 2, nutrient, sea water and humic acid agars) supplemented with 0 - 2 mol/L NaCl. On the basis of morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, we selected 34 strains to perform a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Our results showed that 34 isolates represented 21 species, belonging to 17 genera (Alteromonas, Bacillus, Brachybacterium, Brevibacterium, Halobacillus, Halomonas, Nocardiopsis, Oceanobacillus, Piscibacillus, Planococcus, Pontibacillus, Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudonocardia, Salinicoccus, Salinivibrio, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, Virgibacillus) of 10 families (Alteromonadaceae, Bacillaceae, Brevibacteriaceae, Dermabacteraceae, Halomonadaceae, Planococcaceae, Pseudoalteromonadaceae, Pseudonocardiaceae, Nocardiopsaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Vibrionaceae) in three phylogenetic groups (Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Gamma-Proteobacteria). The most abundant and diverse isolates were within the phylum Firmicutes (58.8%) and the subphylum Gamma-Proteobacteria (26.5%). The phylogenetic distance matrix results suggested that there were obvious genetic divergences between most isolates and their closestly related type strains (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ranged from 99.6 to 99.9%), and that, out of 34 isolates, at least 5 strains (JSM 076033, JSM 076056, JSM 076093, JSM 078063, JSM 078169) could represent 5 potential new species within 5 characterized genera (Jeotgalicoccus, Pontibacillus, Halomonas, Bacillus, Sporosarcina), in which the descriptions of 3 novel species [Jeotgalicoccus marinus (type strain, JSM 076033), Pontibacillus halophilus (JSM 076056), Halomonas zhanjiangensis (JSM 078169)] have been published in IJSEM (International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results presented above showed that there are abundant bacteria diversity in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus collected from Naozhou Island.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization of Hunan Province, College of Biological Resource and Environment Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China. hkll520@163.com
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhuxiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qihui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qingzhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Yiguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044822:Biodiversity; D002681:China; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000382:microbiology*; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S