title: Effects of adeno-tonsillectomy on polysomnography patterns in Down syndrome children with obstructive sleep apnea: a comparative study with children without Down syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if adeno-tonsillectomy (T&A) in children with Down syndrome (DS) improves breathing, measured by apnea hypopnea index (AHI), rapid eye movement AHI (REM-AHI) and the lowest oxygen desaturation (SaO2), and sleep disruption, measured by arousal index (ArI) and time spent in stages 1-4 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and compare these results with a group of non-DS children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review at pediatric sleep center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven DS and nine non-DS children underwent pre- and post-T&A polysomnography between 1997 and 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre- and post-T&A polysomnography parameters were compared using paired t-test and independent samples test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age in DS group was 101 months and non-DS group was 80 months (64% males in DS and 88% in non-DS group). The average BMI was 29.8 and 27.6 for DS and non-DS group. The total AHI showed significant improvement after T&A but this was not as marked as the non-DS group. REM-AHI and lowest SaO2 did not show significant change in the DS children. The non-DS group showed significant improvement in all respiratory parameters. Both groups showed mild improvement in sleep parameters. With the modest overall improvement, 27% of the DS children required no further treatment. However, 73% required CPAP, BiPAP or oxygen for persistent OSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the fact that T&A in DS children improves some parameters of OSA, however not as markedly as in non-DS children.
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, University Tennessee Health Science Center, 910 Madison Ave, Suite 429, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. mshete@utmem.edu
authors.forename: Mona M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shete
authors.forename: Rose Mary S
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Stocks
authors.forename: Merry E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sebelik
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schoumacher
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000379:methods*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D017286:Polysomnography; D015995:Prevalence; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000379:methods*