title: Integrative assessment of enantioselectivity in endocrine disruption and immunotoxicity of synthetic pyrethroids.
abstract: The increasing release of chiral chemicals into the environment dictates attention to a better understanding of enantioselectivity in their human and ecotoxicological effects. Although enantioselectivity has been considered in many recent studies, there is little effort for discerning the connection between different processes, and as such, our current knowledge about chiral contaminants is rather scattered and incoherent. In this study, we simultaneously evaluated enantioselectivity of two chiral pesticides, lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and (Z)-cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF), in immunotoxicity to macrophage cells (RAW264.7), and endocrine disruption activity in human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. Analysis of cell proliferation, cell viability, apoptosis, and receptor gene expression showed significant differences between the enantiomers of LCT or cis-BF in estrogenic potential and immunocytotoxicity. The selectivity in these effects consistently followed the same direction, with (-)-LCT or 1S-cis-BF displaying a greater activity than its counterpart. The consistency was attributed to interplaying mechanisms in the closely interacting immune and endocrine systems. The underlying interplays suggest that other chiral xenobiotics may also show a directional enantioselectivity in immunotoxicity and endocrine toxicity. Given that many biological processes are inter-related, enantioselectivity may follow specific patterns that can be revealed via integrative assessments as demonstrated in this study.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
authors.forename: Meirong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jianying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000922:Immunotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D007306:Insecticides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000922:Immunotoxins; D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins