title: Technical note: ruminal cannulation technique in young Holstein calves: effects of cannulation on feed intake, body weight gain, and ruminal development at six weeks of age.
abstract: Ruminal cannulation techniques are frequently used to study fermentation in the ruminant forestomach. Unsatisfactory results with the traditionally applied procedure for cannulation of young calves stimulated the development of a simpler and more robust procedure; this procedure was tested for effects on performance traits and gross anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract compared with a control group not undergoing surgery. Five calves were ruminally cannulated at approximately 10 d of age and 5 matching calves were used as controls. All calves were fed milk replacer and a diet based on clover grass silage and sodium hydroxide-treated wheat. Ruminal fluid was collected from cannulated calves once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks. All calves were euthanized at 43+/-3 d of age. No apparent adverse effects of cannulation were observed. Feed intake, BW gain, and gross anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract were not affected by cannulation. Minimum ruminal pH increased with sampling week, but average ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acids concentration, and volatile fatty acids proportions were not affected by sampling week. In conclusion, the implemented surgical technique was found to have no major effect on apparent animal health and performance traits, and the cannula proved useful for multiple samplings of ruminal contents in young calves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health and Bioscience, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. nbk@agrsci.dk
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engbaek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vestergaard
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Harmon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D002417:Cattle; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000601:surgery