title: An improved synthesis and biological evaluation of a new cage-like bifunctional chelator, 4-((8-amino-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane-1-ylamino)methyl)benzoic acid, for 64Cu radiopharmaceuticals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stable attachment of (64)Cu(2+) to a targeting molecule usually requires the use of a bifunctional chelator (BFC). Sarcophagine (Sar) ligands rapidly coordinate (64)Cu(2+) within the multiple macrocyclic rings comprising the cage structure under mild conditions, providing high stability in vivo. Previously, we have designed a new versatile cage-like BFC Sar ligand, 4-((8-amino-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane-1-ylamino)methyl)benzoic acid (AmBaSar), for (64)Cu radiopharmaceuticals. Here we report the improved synthesis of AmBaSar, (64)Cu(2+) labeling conditions and its biological evaluation compared with the known BFC 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid (DOTA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The AmBaSar was synthesized in four steps starting from (1,8-diamine-Sar) cobalt(III) pentachloride ([Co(DiAmSar)]Cl(5)) using an improved synthetic method. The AmBaSar was labeled with (64)Cu(2+) in pH 5.0 ammonium acetate buffer solution at room temperature, followed by analysis and purification with HPLC. The in vitro stability of (64)Cu-AmBaSar complex was evaluated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), fetal bovine serum and mouse blood. The microPET imaging and biodistribution studies of (64)Cu-AmBaSar were performed in Balb/c mice, and the results were compared with (64)Cu-DOTA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AmBaSar was readily prepared and characterized by MS and (1)H NMR. The radiochemical yield of (64)Cu-AmBaSar was >or=98% after 30 min of incubation at 25 degrees C. The (64)Cu-AmBaSar complex was analyzed and purified by HPLC with a retention time of 17.9 min. The radiochemical purity of (64)Cu-AmBaSar was more than 97% after 26 h of incubation in PBS or serum. The biological evaluation of (64)Cu-AmBaSar in normal mouse demonstrated renal clearance as the primary mode of excretion, with improved stability in vivo compared to (64)Cu-DOTA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new cage-like BFC AmBaSar was prepared using a simplified synthetic method. The (64)Cu-AmBaSar complex could be obtained rapidly with high radiochemical yield (>/=98%) under mild conditions. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of AmBaSar demonstrated its promising potential for preparation of (64)Cu radiopharmaceuticals.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Hancheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Zibo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chiun-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Anthony H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Shahinian
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Conti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring / Q000737:chemistry; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D000442:Octanols / Q000737:chemistry; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C543149:4-((8-amino-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo(6.6.6)icosane-1-ylamino)methyl)benzoic acid; D001565:Benzoates; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D002614:Chelating Agents; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; D000442:Octanols; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D014867:Water; C071349:1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid