title: Insulin-like growth factor I and insulin and their abuse in sport.
abstract: It is believed that insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are abused by professional athletes, either alone or in combination with growth hormone (GH) and anabolic steroids. The recent introduction of IGF-I to clinical practice is likely to increase its availability and abuse. Insulin and IGF-I work together with GH to control the supply of nutrients to tissues in the fasted and fed state. The actions of insulin and IGF-I that may enhance performance include increased protein anabolism and glucose uptake and storage. The detection of IGF-I and insulin abuse is challenging. There are established mass spectrometry methods for insulin analogs. The feasibility of using GH-dependent markers to detect IGF-I use is being assessed.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Division, University of Southampton, School of Medicine, Southampton, Hampshire, UK. I.E.Mulligan@soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ioulietta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Erotokritou-Mulligan
authors.forename: Richard I G
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Holt
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D000818:Animals; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000517:prevention & control; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; C543394:IGF-I-IGFBP-3 complex; D007328:Insulin; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C065700:myotrophin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D005947:Glucose