title: Experimental transmission of cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.
abstract: Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) is a disease of unknown aetiology, having significant economic impact as it primarily affects large, farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in seawater, close to harvest. In the present study, we have demonstrated that CMS is a transmissible disease under experimental conditions. Histopathological lesions consistent with CMS were induced in Atlantic salmon post-smolts after injection of tissue homogenate from farmed fish diagnosed with CMS. Six weeks post-injection (p.i.), experimental fish started developing focal to multi-focal lesions in the atrial endo- and myocardium, with subsequent progression to the ventricle. This proceeded into severe endocarditis and subsequent myocarditis with mononuclear cell infiltration of the atrium and, to a lesser degree, the spongy layer of the ventricle. These lesions were consistent with histopathological findings in field outbreaks of CMS. From Week 33 p.i., lesions also appeared in the compact myocardium, with focal epicarditis adjacent to focal myocardial lesions. In conclusion, these results indicate that CMS has an infectious aetiology and should be treated as a potentially contagious disease.
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, PO Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway. camilla.fritsvold@vetinst.no
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fritsvold
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Kongtorp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taksdal
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ørpetveit
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heum
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Poppe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000662:veterinary*; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000635:transmission*; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020317:Salmo salar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins