title: The effectiveness and cost-evaluation of manual therapy and physical therapy in patients with sub-acute and chronic non specific neck pain. Rationale and design of a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Manual Therapy applied to patients with non specific neck pain has been investigated several times. In the Netherlands, manual therapy as applied according to the Utrecht School of Manual Therapy (MTU) has not been the subject of a randomized controlled trial. MTU differs in diagnoses and treatment from other forms of manual therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a single blind randomized controlled trial in patients with sub-acute and chronic non specific neck pain. Patients with neck complaints existing for two weeks (minimum) till one year (maximum) will participate in the trial. 180 participants will be recruited in thirteen primary health care centres in the Netherlands.The experimental group will be treated with MTU during a six week period. The control group will be treated with physical therapy (standard care, mainly active exercise therapy), also for a period of six weeks.Primary outcomes are Global Perceived Effect (GPE) and functional status (Neck Disability Index (NDI-DV)). Secondary outcomes are neck pain (Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)), Eurocol, costs and quality of life (SF36).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper presents details on the rationale of MTU, design, methods and operational aspects of the trial.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00713843.
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Scientific Institute for Quality of Health Care, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. r.groeneweg@iq.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Ruud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Groeneweg
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kropman
authors.forename: Huco
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leopold
authors.forename: Luite
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Assen
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: Maurits W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: van Tulder
authors.forename: Rob A B
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Oostendorp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026201:Musculoskeletal Manipulations / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D009426:Netherlands; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D026761:Physical Therapy Specialty / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D012107:Research Design; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D055815:Young Adult