title: Glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetic individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic individuals according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We followed 2823 type 2 diabetic outpatients for a median period of 6 years for the occurrence of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. eGFR was estimated using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. At baseline, an eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m² and abnormal albuminuria were present in 22.5% and 26.0% of participants, respectively. During follow-up, a total of 309 patients died, 53% of deaths were secondary to cardiovascular causes. Risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality increased progressively with decreasing eGFR and increasing albuminuria. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c, plasma lipids, medications use (hypoglycemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-platelet or lipid-lowering drugs) and albuminuria, the hazard ratios of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality per 1-SD decrease in eGFR were 1.53 (95%CI 1.2-2.0; p < 0.0001) and 1.51 (95%CI 1.05-2.2; p=0.023), respectively. A similar pattern in the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was seen for albuminuria (1.14, 1.01-1.3, p=0.028 and 1.19, 1.01-1.4, p=0.043 per 1-SD increase in albuminuria, respectively) after adjustment for eGFR and other potential confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that both decreasing eGFR and rising albuminuria are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic individuals, independently of traditional risk factors and diabetes-related variables.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Verona, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Piazzale Stefani, 1-37126 Verona, Italy. giovanni.targher@univr.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Targher
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zoppini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chonchol
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stoico
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muggeo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonora
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index