title: Vaginal carcinoma in a female-to-male transsexual.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) can be considered a reasonable and secure treatment for transsexualism, today. Because the population of patients who have received SRS is growing steadily, it can be expected that the number of patients who present with diseases specific to their original gender will increase as well.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In female-to-male transsexuals, vaginal cancer has not been reported so far. This article reports, to our knowledge, the first case of a female-to-male transsexual who developed vaginal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen years after receiving female-to-male SRS, the patient presented with vaginal cancer, which infiltrated rectum and bladder and also showed involvement of inguinal lymph nodes. Surgery consisted of an anterior and posterior pelvic demolition and extended lymphadenectomy with preservation of the penoid and reconstruction of the pelvic defect with multiple flaps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tumor was removed completely (R0), and 2 years after surgery, the patient has no signs or symptoms of tumor recurrence and enjoys good quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In SRS patients, diseases of their original gender should always be considered and patients should be encouraged to participate in screening programs. When choosing the surgical approach for SRS, the risks for developing cancer from remaining structures of the genetic gender should be considered. Of course, removal of e.g., ovaries, cervix and vagina, will prevent cancer of these structures. When it comes to surgery in SRS patients with malignancies, an interdisciplinary approach should be chosen.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Plastische Chirurgie und Handchirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Thilo Ludwig
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Schenck
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holzbach
authors.forename: Niko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zantl
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schuhmacher
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seidl
authors.forename: Hans-Gunther
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Machens
authors.forename: Riccardo Enzo
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Giunta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010385:Pelvic Exenteration; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology; D057830:Gender-Affirming Surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery