title: Integrative molecular profiling of triple negative breast cancers identifies amplicon drivers and potential therapeutic targets.
abstract: Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a relatively poor prognosis and cannot be effectively treated with current targeted therapies. We searched for genes that have the potential to be therapeutic targets by identifying genes consistently overexpressed when amplified. Fifty-six TNBCs were subjected to high-resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), of which 24 were subjected to genome-wide gene expression analysis. TNBCs were genetically heterogeneous; no individual focal amplification was present at high frequency, although 78.6% of TNBCs harboured at least one focal amplification. Integration of aCGH and expression data revealed 40 genes significantly overexpressed when amplified, including the known oncogenes and potential therapeutic targets, FGFR2 (10q26.3), BUB3 (10q26.3), RAB20 (13q34), PKN1 (19p13.12) and NOTCH3 (19p13.12). We identified two TNBC cell lines with FGFR2 amplification, which both had constitutive activation of FGFR2. Amplified cell lines were highly sensitive to FGFR inhibitor PD173074, and to RNAi silencing of FGFR2. Treatment with PD173074 induced apoptosis resulting partly from inhibition of PI3K-AKT signalling. Independent validation using publicly available aCGH data sets revealed FGFR2 gene was amplified in 4% (6/165) of TNBC, but not in other subtypes (0/214, P=0.0065). Our analysis demonstrates that TNBCs are heterogeneous tumours with amplifications of FGFR2 in a subgroup of tumours.
authors.affiliation: The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. nicholas.turner@icr.ac.uk
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Lambros
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Horlings
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Natrajan
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Kouwenhove
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kreike
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ashworth
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van de Vijver
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Reis-Filho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D005784:Gene Amplification; D018628:Gene Dosage / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2