title: Technical validation of an autoantibody test for lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Publications on autoantibodies to tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) have failed to show either calibration or reproducibility data. The validation of a panel of six TAAs to which autoantibodies have been described is reported here.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three separate groups of patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer were identified, along with control individuals, and their samples used to validate an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Precision, linearity, assay reproducibility and antigen batch reproducibility were all assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For between-replicate error, samples with higher signals gave coefficients of variation (CVs) in the range 7%-15%. CVs for between-plate variation were only 1%-2% higher. For between-run error, CVs were in the range 15%-28%. In linearity studies, the slope was close to 1.0 and correlation coefficient values were generally >0.8. The sensitivity and specificity of individual batches of antigen varied slightly between groups of patients; however, the sensitivity and specificity of the panel of antigens as a whole remained constant. The validity of the calibration system was demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A calibrated six-panel assay of TAAs has been validated for identifying nearly 40% of primary lung cancers via a peripheral blood test. Levels of reproducibility, precision and linearity would be acceptable for an assay used in a regulated clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Oncimmune Ltd.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Division of Breast Surgery, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.affiliation: Oncimmune Ltd.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Healey
authors.affiliation: Oncimmune LLC, De Soto, KS.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Peek
authors.affiliation: Parsons Group LLC, Arlington, MA, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.affiliation: Oncimmune LLC, De Soto, KS.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Sewell
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Fritsche
authors.affiliation: Division of Breast Surgery, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK. Electronic address: john.robertson@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: J F R
authors.initials: JFR
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies