title: Adipose derived stem cells ameliorate hyperlipidemia associated detrusor overactivity in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adipose tissue derived stem cells can differentiate into muscle and neuron-like cells in vitro. We investigate the usefulness of adipose tissue derived stem cells for overactive bladder in obese hyperlipidemic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hyperlipidemia was induced in healthy rats by a high fat diet. The resulting obese hyperlipidemic rats were treated with bladder injection of saline, adipose tissue derived stem cells or tail vein injection of adipose tissue derived stem cells. Bladder function was assessed by 24-hour voiding behavior study and conscious cystometry. Bladder histology was assessed using immunostaining and trichrome staining, followed by image analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein were significantly higher in obese hyperlipidemic rats than in normal rats (p <0.01). The micturition interval was shorter in saline treated obese hyperlipidemic rats than in normal rats, obese hyperlipidemic rats that received adipose tissue derived stem cells via the tail vein and obese hyperlipidemic rats that received adipose tissue derived stem cells by bladder injection (mean +/- SEM 143 +/- 28.7 vs 407 +/- 77.9, 281 +/- 43.9 and 368 +/- 66.7 seconds, respectively, p = 0.0084). Bladder wall smooth muscle content was significantly lower in obese hyperlipidemic rats than in normal animals (p = 0.0061) while there was no significant difference between obese hyperlipidemic groups. Nerve content and blood vessel density were lower in controls than in obese hyperlipidemic rats treated with adipose tissue derived stem cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperlipidemia is associated with increased urinary frequency, and decreased bladder blood vessel and nerve density in rats. Adipose tissue derived stem cell treatment ameliorates these adverse effects and holds promise as a potential new therapy for overactive bladder.
authors.affiliation: Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0738, USA.
authors.forename: Yun-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Alan W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Shindel
authors.forename: Hongxiu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Guiting
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Harraz
authors.forename: Guifang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Tom F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Lue
authors.forename: Ching-Shwun
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*