title: Pediatric pedestrian injuries and associated hospital resource utilization in the United States, 2003.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective was to calculate national estimates of pedestrian-related hospitalizations and associated use of healthcare resources among children <or=19 years of age and to explore the effects of sociodemographic, hospital-related factors, and injury severity on total charges and lengths of stay (LOS) in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the 2003 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database were used. The sample included patients <or=19 years hospitalized with pedestrian-related injuries, from 3,438 hospitals in 36 states. National estimates of pedestrian-associated hospitalizations, rates, resource use, injury severity, and demographics were calculated. Potentially significant covariate associations were studied using hospital charges and LOS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2003, 9,172 pedestrian-associated hospitalizations occurred among children <or=19 years in the United States, resulting in USD 290.8 million (standard deviation [SD] = USD 23.6 million) in inpatient charges and 44,895 (SD = 2,964) days of hospitalization. Mean (SD) hospital charges and LOS were $32,059 ($74,778) days and 4.9 (10.9) days, respectively. Thirty-six percent of patients suffered a traumatic brain injury, and 21% sustained severe injury with an injury severity scale score >or=16. A traffic-related event was the cause of 92.7% of hospitalizations. Older age, higher injury severity, urban and Western hospital location, children's hospital type, and longer LOS were significantly associated with higher total hospital charges. Older age and higher injury severity were significantly associated with longer LOS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric pedestrian injuries contribute substantially to the healthcare resource burden in the United States, accounting for approximately 45,000 days of hospitalization and >USD 290 million in inpatient charges annually.
authors.affiliation: Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Conner
authors.forename: Lindsay E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Lara B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: Brenda J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: Soledad A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D017722:Hospital Charges; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult