title: Role of the proteasome in the downregulation of transcription factors NFkappaB and C/EBP in macrophages from tumor hosts.
abstract: Macrophages from mice bearing advanced mammary tumors are critically impaired in their immune functions, exhibiting reduced expression at the mRNA and protein levels of the crucial transcription factors, nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP). We have previously shown that tumor-derived factors such as transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) modulate NFkappaB and C/EBP expression in macrophages. Transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and/or post-translational mechanisms may also play a role in altered levels of NFkappaB and C/EBP in macrophages from tumor hosts, contributing to impaired inflammatory response. One of the post-translational mechanisms that may tune down or recycle proteins in cells is the proteasomal pathway. Since upregulation of ubiquitin/proteasomal pathways has been described under cancer-induced cachexia, we examined the possible role of this proteolytic machinery in the decrease of NFkappaB and C/EBP proteins in macrophages from tumor hosts. Using MG-132 proteasome inhibitor to block the proteasome machinery in macrophages from normal and tumor-bearing animals we found that macrophages from tumor hosts display higher ubiquitination and proteolysis compared to those from normal mice and also that NFkappaB and C/EBP downregulation is reversed in these treated cells. Thus, proteasome degradation may contribute, at least in part, to NFkappaB and C/EBP impairment in macrophages from tumor-bearers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33236, USA.
authors.forename: Giselle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Viyaya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Iragavarapu-Charyulu
authors.forename: Edward W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Harhaj
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torroella-Kouri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000502:physiology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D054875:Ubiquitination
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex