Hydrogen peroxide measurements in recreational marine bathing waters in Southern California, USA.
Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was measured in the surf zone at 13 bathing beaches in Southern California, USA. Summer dry season concentrations averaged 122 +/- 38 nM with beaches with tide pools having lower levels (50-90 nM). No significant differences were observed for ebb waters at a salt marsh outlet vs. a beach (179 +/- 20 vs. 163 +/- 26 nM), and between ebb and flood tides at one site (171 +/- 24 vs. 146 +/- 42 nM). H(2)O(2) levels showed little annual variation. Diel cycling was followed over short (30 min; 24 h study) and long (d) time scales, with maximum afternoon concentration = 370 nM and estimated photochemical production rate of 44 nM h(-1). There was no correlation between the absorbance coefficient at 300 nm (used as a measure of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) levels) and H(2)O(2). H(2)O(2) concentrations measured in this study are likely sufficient to inhibit fecal indicator bacteria in marine recreational waters through indirect photoinactivation.
Clark
Catherine D
CD
Schmid College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA. cclark@chapman.edu
De Bruyn
Warren J
WJ
Hirsch
Charlotte M
CM
Jakubowski
Scott D
SD
D000818:Animals; D001493:Bathing Beaches; D002140:California; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D014871:Water Microbiology
D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide