title: Nucleotides and epidermal growth factor induce parallel cytoskeletal rearrangements and migration in cultured adult murine neural stem cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The adult subventricular zone (SVZ) contains neural stem cells that generate neuroblasts migrating to the olfactory bulb (OB) and differentiating into interneurones. The molecular cues controlling essential functions within the neurogenesis pathway such as proliferation, short and long distance migration, functional integration and cell survival are poorly understood. We have previously shown that cultured adult neural stem cells express a considerable variety of nucleotide receptors and that nucleotides and epidermal growth factor (EGF) induce converging intracellular signalling pathways that carry potential for synergism in the control of neural stem cell proliferation and cell survival. Here we investigate the role of EGF and the nucleotides ATP, ADPbetaS and UTP in neural stem cell migration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neural stem cells were prepared from adult mice and subjected to adherent culture. Labelling of F-actin was performed with tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-phalloidin. Images were processed for quantitative evaluation of fluorescence labelling. Agonist-induced phosphorylation of AKT and focal adhesion kinase was analysed by quantitative Western blotting. Agonist-dependent cell migration was assayed using 48-well microchemotaxis chambers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nucleotides and EGF induce the formation of stress fibres, an increase in the cortical actin cytoskeleton and in cell spreading. This is associated with increased phosphorylation of AKT and focal adhesion kinase. Using microchemotaxis chambers we demonstrate a parallel increase in cell migration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that nucleotides and EGF acting as paracrine or autocrine signalling substances can be of relevance for structuring and maintaining the cytoarchitecture of the SVZ and the stream of neuroblasts migrating to the OB.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Biocenter, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ullsperger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009711:Nucleotides; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D013873:Thionucleotides; C030812:adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate); D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate