title: Radiographic quantification of chronic dental infection and its relationship to the atherosclerotic process in the carotid arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atherosclerosis may be initiated/accelerated by chronic dental infection (CDI). Noninvasively visualizing the carotid arteries is an accepted surrogate marker for determining coronary artery atherosclerosis (CAA). We hypothesized that 36 individuals with radiographic carotid atheromas would have more radiographic CDI than risk-matched individuals without atheromas.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the arithmetic sum of individuals' periapical and furcal lesions, pericoronitis sites, carious roots, teeth with pulpal caries, and vertical bony defects (>4 mm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with atheromas had a significantly (P < .01) greater mean score of 15.5 +/- 10.4 compared with control subjects (7.9 +/- 8.1). Similarly significant (P < .05) was the difference in the mean numbers of mesial and distal vertical bony defects in the atheroma group (4.1 +/- 3.9 and 4.8 +/- 3.8, respectively) compared with control subjects (1.6 +/- 2.4 and 1.8 +/- 2.7, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with atheromas on their radiographs (and high probability of CAA) had significantly greater amounts of CDI than individuals without atheromas.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Medical Education, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA. arthur.friedlander@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Arthur H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Friedlander
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Evelyn M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Neal R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Garrett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D017823:Furcation Defects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010483:Periapical Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010497:Pericoronitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012307:Risk Factors; D017213:Root Caries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012907:Smoking; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler