title: Anxiety is a better predictor of platelet reactivity in coronary artery disease patients than depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depression and anxiety are linked to coronary events but the mechanism(s) remains unclear. We investigated the associations of depression and anxiety with serotonin-mediated platelet hyperactivity in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients in a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three months after an acute coronary event, stable CAD patients (n = 83) on aspirin and clopidogrel were evaluated for depression (beck depression inventory) and anxiety (hospital anxiety and depression scale), and their platelet reactivity was measured (optical aggregometry and flow cytometric fibrinogen binding in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP = 5 microM) and two serotonin + epinephrine doses [5HT:E (L) = 4 microM + 4 microM and 5HT:E (H) = 10 microM + 4 microM]. Platelet reactivity was significantly higher in depressed and anxious than in depressed only or non-depressed-and-non-anxious patients. Aggregation (mean +/- SE) was 41.9 +/- 2.6% vs. 32.2 +/- 2.6% vs. 30.4 +/- 3.7% with 5HT:E (L) and 46.9 +/- 2.7% vs. 35.6 +/- 2.7% vs. 31.7 +/- 3.8% with 5HT:E (H) (P < 0.05 for both). Differences in ADP aggregations were not significant, perhaps because of clopidogrel therapy. Flow cytometry findings were similar. In a multivariate linear regression model adjusted for age, body mass index, and each other, anxiety symptoms independently predicted all 5HT:E-mediated platelet reactivity measures, whereas depression predicted none.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anxiety is associated with elevated serotonin-mediated platelet reactivity in stable CAD patients and symptoms of anxiety show strong, independent correlations with platelet function.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: M Urooj
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Zafar
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paz-Yepes
authors.forename: Daichi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shimbo
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vilahur
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Burg
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chaplin
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fuster
authors.forename: Karina W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Badimon
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology*; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000819:agonists; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000819:agonists; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C039351:platelet activating factor receptor; D012701:Serotonin; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin