title: Plakoglobin interacts with and increases the protein levels of metastasis suppressor Nm23-H2 and regulates the expression of Nm23-H1.
abstract: Plakoglobin (gamma-catenin) is a homolog of beta-catenin with similar dual adhesive and signaling functions. The adhesive function of these proteins is mediated by their interactions with cadherins, whereas their signaling activity is regulated by association with various intracellular partners. In this respect, beta-catenin has a well-defined oncogenic activity through its role in the Wnt signaling pathway, whereas plakoglobin acts as a tumor/metastasis suppressor through mechanisms that remain unclear. We previously expressed plakoglobin in SCC9 squamous carcinoma cells (SCC9-P) and observed a mesenchymal-to-epidermoid transition. Comparison of the protein and RNA profiles of parental SCC9 cells and SCC9-P transfectants identified various differentially expressed proteins and transcripts, including the nonmetastatic protein 23 (Nm23). In this study, we show that Nm23-H1 mRNA and Nm23-H2 protein are increased after plakoglobin expression. Coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy studies using SCC9-P and various epithelial cell lines with endogenous plakoglobin expression revealed that Nm23 interacts with plakoglobin, cadherins and alpha-catenin. Furthermore, Nm23-H2 is the primary isoform involved in these interactions, which occur prominently in the cytoskeleton-associated pool of cellular proteins. In addition, we show that plakoglobin-Nm23 interaction requires the N-terminal (alpha-catenin interacting) domain of plakoglobin. Our data suggest that by increasing the expression and stability of Nm23, plakoglobin has a role in regulating the metastasis suppressor activity of Nm23, which may further provide a potential mechanism for the tumor/metastasis suppressor function of plakoglobin itself.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aktary
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mackey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pasdar
mesh_terms: D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002450:Cell Communication; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D051178:alpha Catenin / Q000378:metabolism; D051185:gamma Catenin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051178:alpha Catenin; D051185:gamma Catenin; C517938:NME1 protein, human; C517940:NME2 protein, human