title: Risk profile and quality of dental restorations: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate the percentage of recurrent caries with respect to the estimated caries risk profile obtained with a Cariogram, (2) to evaluate the quality of restorations in a Saudi population with several restorations and (3) to determine the additional value of bite-wing radiographs as an aid to quality evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 803 restorations were examined in 100 adults according to the United States Public Health Service/Ryge criteria. Salivary and microbiological factors, dietary habits and plaque index were investigated. The Cariogram was used to evaluate the risk profiles. Class II bite-wing radiographs (n = 281) were taken to examine the marginal integrity and the anatomic form proximally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were categorized according to 'the chance of avoiding caries' into three risk groups: 0%-20% (n = 38), 21%-40% (n = 28) and 41%-100% (n = 34). ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences between the risk groups with respect to the recurrent caries (P < 0.05). A high percentage of the total restorations (56%) were diagnosed with recurrent caries. The quality of anatomic form and surface texture was unacceptable in the majority of cases. After adding the evaluations of class II bite-wings, the percentage of unacceptable restorations increased by 28% and 17% with regard to marginal integrity and anatomic form, respectively (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrent caries was related to the percentage 'chance of avoiding caries' as estimated by the Cariogram. The importance of bite-wings was emphasized as an aid to quality evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Helal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sonbul
authors.forename: Dowen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Birkhed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002021:Buffers; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003442:Crowns / Q000592:standards; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000628:therapy*; D003733:Dental Caries Susceptibility / Q000502:physiology*; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation / Q000592:standards; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000592:standards*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing / Q000145:classification; D012008:Recurrence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003764:Dental Materials; D005459:Fluorides