title: Longitudinal study of CD4+ cell counts in HIV-negative pregnant patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the absolute CD4+, CD8+, and lymphocyte cell counts and percentages from the first trimester through 6-12 weeks post-delivery in normal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative pregnant patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal laboratory analysis was performed during pregnancy that involved 51 HIV-negative subjects with blood analysis obtained in all trimesters, at delivery, and 6-12 weeks post-delivery. Twenty-five HIV-negative non-pregnant controls were also evaluated. Blood was analysed for absolute CD4+, CD8+, and lymphocyte cell counts and percentages. Means, standard deviations, trends, and differences were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean white blood cell (WBC) count is elevated above the non-pregnant state and this parameter increases through the pregnancy up to and including parturition. The mean absolute lymphocyte cell count, lymphocyte percentage, and absolute CD4+ cell count are significantly lower during pregnancy and the progression through pregnancy appears U-shaped. The mean absolute CD8+ cell count is not significantly different. The CD4+ and CD8+ percentages are higher during pregnancy and this elevation persists into the 6-12 week post-delivery time period. A 3-digit drop in CD4+ percentage is common during pregnancy between blood draws; whereas, a 30% decrease or more in absolute CD4+ cell count is rare.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By longitudinal analysis, pregnancy appears to significantly elevate the mean values of the WBC count, CD4+ percentage, and CD8+ percentage, but significantly decreases the absolute lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, and absolute CD4+ cell count when compared to non-pregnant controls. The mean absolute CD8+ cell count appears to be unaffected.
authors.affiliation: Long Beach Memorial Women's Hospital, Long Beach, CA, USA. drtowers@rbcpress.com
authors.forename: Craig V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Towers
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rumney
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ghamsary
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult