title: Brief physician advice for heavy drinking college students: a randomized controlled trial in college health clinics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of brief physician advice in reducing alcohol use and related harm in college students.
  
  
  METHODS
  The College Health Intervention Projects (CHIPs) is a randomized, controlled clinical trial with 12-month follow-up conducted in five college health clinics in Wisconsin; Washington state; and Vancouver, Canada. Of the 12,900 students screened for high-risk drinking, 484 men and 502 women met inclusion criteria and were randomized into a control (n = 493) or intervention (n = 493) group. Ninety-six percent of students participated in the follow-up procedures. The intervention consisted of two 15-minute counseling visits and two follow-up phone calls, and used motivational interviewing, contracting, diary cards, and take-home exercises.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found between groups at baseline on alcohol use, age, socioeconomic or smoking status, rates of depression, or measures of alcohol-related harm. At 12 months, the experimental subjects reduced their 28-day drinking totals by 27.2%, and the control group reduced their totals by 21%. A mixed effects repeated measures model found a statistical difference in favor of the brief-intervention group (beta = 4.7, SE = 2.0, p = .018) in 28-day drinking totals. The total Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index score was also significantly different during the 12-month follow-up period (beta = 0.8, SE = 0.4, p = .033). There was no difference on the other outcome measures of interest, such as frequency of excessive heavy drinking, health care utilization, injuries, drunk driving, depression, or tobacco use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study supports resource allocation and implementation of alcohol screening and brief physician advice in primary care-based college health clinics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1100 Delaplaine Court, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA. mfflemin@wisc.edu
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Stacey L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Balousek
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Grossberg
authors.forename: Marlon P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mundt
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wiegel
authors.forename: Larissa I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Zakletskaia
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Saewyc
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D010819:Physician's Role / Q000523:psychology; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods; D013333:Student Health Services / Q000379:methods; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult