title: Assessment of pharmacists' perception of patient care competence and need for training in rural and urban areas in North Dakota.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined pharmacists' level of patient care competence and need for continuous professional development in rural areas.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess North Dakota pharmacists' practice setting, perceived level of patient care competencies, and the need for professional development in urban and rural areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was mailed to all 686 North Dakota pharmacists and included items regarding practice setting, competency areas, and the need for certificate programs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 401 of 686 (58.5%) surveys were returned and 364 responses were usable. Three practice settings (independent community pharmacies [47.3%], chain stores [13.2%], and hospital pharmacies [22.8%]) comprised 83.3% of the sample. More independent community pharmacists were located in rural areas than urban areas (P < .01). More respondents had a Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) degree in urban areas (40.8%) compared to those in rural areas (15.1%) (P < .01). Pharmacists in urban areas rated 18 of 33 competencies higher than did pharmacists in rural areas (P < .01). Pharmacists with a Bachelor of Science degree reported a lower level of preparation than did PharmD trained pharmacists. Although not statistically significant, 28.2% of pharmacists perceived a patient care certificate as a need and a greater percentage were from rural than urban areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings should be interpreted to be primarily due to differences in practice setting and degree earned that were most prevalent in urban and rural areas. Training mode needed most is through the certificate program, particularly by rural pharmacists who reported a lower level of preparation on perceived patient care-related items than did urban pharmacists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota. david.scott@ndsu.edu
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002568:Certification; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004496:Education, Continuing; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009658:North Dakota; D005791:Patient Care / Q000592:standards*; D010595:Pharmacists; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012424:Rural Population; D012938:Social Perception; D013192:Staff Development; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population