title: Age at time of corticosteroid administration is a risk factor for osteonecrosis in pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify whether age at the time of the initial administration of corticosteroids is a risk factor for corticosteroid-associated osteonecrosis in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1986 to 2007, MRI was used to prospectively study 676 joints, including 72 joints (36 hips and 36 knees) in 18 pediatric patients with SLE (<15 years old), 100 joints (50 hips and 50 knees) in 25 adolescent patients with SLE (15-20 years old), and 504 joints (252 hips and 252 knees) in 126 adult patients with SLE (>20 years old), beginning just after corticosteroid administration, for at least 1 year. The followup rate was 100%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In pediatric patients, osteonecrosis developed in 4 joints (6%; all hips). In adolescent patients, osteonecrosis developed in 49 joints (49%; 18 hips and 31 knees). In adult patients, osteonecrosis developed in 207 joints (41%; 95 hips and 112 knees). The rate of osteonecrosis was significantly lower in pediatric patients than in adolescent or adult patients (P = 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that adolescent and adult patients had a significantly higher risk for osteonecrosis compared with pediatric patients, with an odds ratio of 10.3 (P < 0.0001). The youngest patients with osteonecrosis in the hip and knee were 14.9 years old and 15.5 years old, respectively. Osteonecrosis did not develop in patients younger than age 14 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that age at the time of the initial administration of corticosteroids is associated with osteonecrosis in pediatric patients with SLE.
authors.affiliation: Chiba Children's Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. njonedr@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saisu
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Chiho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamegaya
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones