title: Delineation of downstream signalling components during acrosome reaction mediated by heat solubilized human zona pellucida.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human egg is enveloped by a glycoproteinaceous matrix, zona pellucida (ZP), responsible for binding of the human spermatozoa to the egg and induction of acrosomal exocytosis in the spermatozoon bound to ZP. In the present manuscript, attempts have been made to delineate the downstream signalling components employed by human ZP to induce acrosome reaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heat-solubilized human ZP (SIZP) was used to study the induction of acrosome reaction in capacitated human spermatozoa using tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (TRITC-PSA) in absence or presence of various pharmacological inhibitors. In addition, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels in sperm using Fluo-3 acetoxymethyl ester as fluorescent probe were also estimated in response to SIZP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SIZP induces acrosomal exocytosis in capacitated human sperm in a dose dependent manner accompanied by an increase in [Ca2+]i. Human SIZP mediated induction of acrosome reaction depends on extracellular Ca2+ and involves activation of Gi protein-coupled receptor, tyrosine kinase, protein kinases A & C and phosphoinositide 3 (PI3)- kinase. In addition, T-type voltage operated calcium channels and GABA-A receptor associated chloride (Cl-) channels play an important role in SIZP mediated induction of acrosome reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results described in the present study provide a comprehensive account of the various downstream signalling components associated with human ZP mediated acrosome reaction.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Beena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Talwar
authors.forename: Satish K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D020101:Acrosome Reaction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010868:Pimozide / Q000494:pharmacology; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012995:Solubility; D013075:Sperm Capacitation / Q000187:drug effects; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D037121:Plant Lectins; D012235:Rhodamines; C036292:pea lectin; D010868:Pimozide; C009434:tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate; D014700:Verapamil