title: The recent surgical result of total anomalous pulmonary venous return.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent surgical results from total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) are reported to have improved; however, mortality and morbidity are still high in the univentricles. This review was performed in order to demonstrate surgical results from TAPVR for recent years in a single institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 53 patients with TAPVR underwent surgery between January 2000 and December 2008. Preoperative anatomy and hemodynamics were evaluated by 2-dimensional echocardiogram. We reviewed medical records on preoperative management, age, and body weight at time of surgery, postoperative mortality, and pulmonary venous obstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 36 biventricle patients and 17 univentricle patients. Median age and weight at time of surgery were 26 days and 3.5 kg, respectively. During the mean follow up period of 48.2 months, a total of 11 deaths and 8 early deaths occurred. Postoperative pulmonary venous stenosis occurred in 8 patients. Among 36 biventricle patients, mortality occurred in 1 patient and postoperative pulmonary venous stenosis occurred in 6 patients. No statistical significances were observed between postoperative pulmonary venous stenosis and other factors. Among 17 univentricule patients, mortality was 10, including 7 early deaths, and postoperative pulmonary venous stenosis occurred in 2 patients. Combined palliations were modified Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunts in 7, pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in 3, bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt in 5, and the Fontan procedure in 1. The highest mortality was recorded in patients with a modified BT shunt (85.7%) and next in patients with PAB (66.6%). Mortality was not related to anatomy of TAPVR, nor preoperative obstruction, but with significant age and weight at time of surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite improvement in operative results from TAPVR, surgery in univentricles is highly risky, especially with low weight and early age, with concomitant palliation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: So-Ick
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jin-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Soo-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Woo Sup
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Chul
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hong-Gook
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Chang Ha
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee