title: Behaviour problems of patients with Moebius sequence and parental stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Moebius sequence is a rare condition usually defined as congenital facial paralysis with congenital impairment of ocular abduction. At present, there is little information on behavioural problems, parental stress and possible relationships between these factors. To fill this gap, this study investigated these aspects relevant for counselling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of 4-17 year old subjects known to the German Möbius syndrome foundation were anonymously asked to fill out several questionnaires, for example, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)4-18.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary care givers of 41/58 subjects (70.7%) sent back filled-out questionnaires. Ten subjects did not meet the inclusion criteria; 15 males and 16 females (4; 7-17; 0 years, median age: 10; 7 years) were included. Ten out of 31 subjects were rated as clinical on at least one CBCL scale; three had a total problem score in the clinical range. Social problems were the most important problems with rates of 12-17-year old subjects being about five times as high as those of younger subjects. Compared with the general population, but not with other parents of mentally and/or physically handicapped children, the primary care givers experienced higher levels of stress, which were correlated to anxious/depressed behaviour, aggressive behaviour, externalising problems and total problem score of the children. The older a child the higher the primary care giver's life satisfaction was.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social problems seem to be frequent among 4-17-year old subjects with Moebius sequence, and primary care givers show increased strain. Therefore, families with an affected child need early and adequate support.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leopoldina Hospital, Schweinfurt, Germany. wbriegel@leopoldina.de
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Briegel
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: K Otfried
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Schwab
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020331:Mobius Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires