title: Antidepressant stimulation of CDP-diacylglycerol synthesis does not require monoamine reuptake inhibition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies demonstrate that diverse antidepressant agents increase the cellular production of the nucleolipid CDP-diacylglycerol and its synthetic derivative, phosphatidylinositol, in depression-relevant brain regions. Pharmacological blockade of downstream phosphatidylinositide signaling disrupted the behavioral antidepressant effects in rats. However, the nucleolipid responses were resistant to inhibition by serotonin receptor antagonists, even though antidepressant-facilitated inositol phosphate accumulation was blocked. Could the neurochemical effects be additional to the known effects of the drugs on monoamine transmitter transporters? To examine this question, we tested selected agents in serotonin-depleted brain tissues, in PC12 cells devoid of serotonin transporters, and on the enzymatic activity of brain CDP-diacylglycerol synthase - the enzyme that catalyzes the physiological synthesis of CDP-diacylglycerol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Imipramine, paroxetine, and maprotiline concentration-dependently increased the levels of CDP-diacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositides in PC12 cells. Rat forebrain tissues depleted of serotonin by pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine showed responses to imipramine or maprotiline that were comparable to respective responses from saline-injected controls. With fluoxetine, nucleolipid responses in the serotonin-depleted cortex or hippocampus were significantly reduced, but not abolished. Each drug significantly increased the enzymatic activity of CDP-diacylglycerol synthase following incubations with cortical or hippocampal brain tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antidepressants probably induce the activity of CDP-diacylglycerol synthase leading to increased production of CDP-diacylglycerol and facilitation of downstream phosphatidylinositol synthesis. Phosphatidylinositol-dependent signaling cascades exert diverse salutary effects in neural cells, including facilitation of BDNF signaling and neurogenesis. Hence, the present findings should strengthen the notion that modulation of brain phosphatidylinositide signaling probably contributes to the molecular mechanism of diverse antidepressant medications.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Integrative Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Marwa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Aboukhatwa
authors.forename: Ashiwel S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Undieh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D003567:Cytidine Diphosphate Diglycerides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D002798:Diacylglycerol Cholinephosphotransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D007099:Imipramine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008376:Maprotiline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016716:PC12 Cells; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012701:Serotonin / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D003567:Cytidine Diphosphate Diglycerides; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008376:Maprotiline; D012701:Serotonin; D017374:Paroxetine; D002798:Diacylglycerol Cholinephosphotransferase; D007099:Imipramine