[Update on current care guidelines. The treatment of status epilepticus].
Status epilepticus is a medical emergency. Most epileptic seizures last for 1-4 minutes and seizures lasting over five minutes, should be treated as status epilepticus. EEG is essential for diagnostics and the monitoring of treatment effect. The treatment for status epilepticus, irrespective of aetiology, can be divided into first-aid medications, such as buccal midazolam or rectal diazepam, first-line medications such as intravenous diazepam or lorazepam, and second-line medications such as fosphenytoin and valproate for adults and phenobarbital for children. Third-line treatment is suppressive general anaesthesia, monitored by continuous EEG. Antiepileptic medication of patients with epilepsy should be carefully re-evaluated after episode of status epilepticus.
Kälviäinen
Reetta
R
Eriksson
Kai
K
Häppölä
Olli
O
Keränen
Tapani
T
Kurola
Juoni
J
Kuusela
Anna-Leena
AL
Laukkala
Tanja
T
Ruokonen
Esko
E
Salmi
Tapani
T
Hirsso
Päivi
P
Kotila
Matti
M
D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004630:Emergencies; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives