title: A role for the Rcs phosphorelay in regulating expression of plant cell wall degrading enzymes in Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum.
abstract: The Rcs phosphorelay is a signal transduction system that influences the virulence phenotype of several pathogenic bacteria. In the plant pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) the response regulator of the Rcs phosphorelay, RcsB, represses expression of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDE) and motility. The focus of this study was to identify genes directly regulated by the binding of RcsB that also regulate expression of PCWDE genes in Pcc. RcsB-binding sites within the regulatory regions of the flhDC operon and the rprA and rsmB genes were identified using DNase I protection assays, while in vivo studies using flhDC : : gusA, rsmB : : gusA and rprA : : gusA gene fusions revealed gene regulation. These experiments demonstrated that the operon flhDC, a flagellar master regulator, was repressed by RcsB, and transcription of rprA was activated by RcsB. Regulation of the rsmB promoter by RcsB is more complicated. Our results show that RcsB represses rsmB expression mainly through modulating flhDC transcription. Neverthless, direct binding of RcsB on the rsmB promoter region is possible in certain conditions. Using an rprA-negative mutant, it was further demonstrated that RprA RNA is not essential for regulating expression of PCWDE under the conditions tested, whereas overexpression of rprA increased protease expression in wild-type cells. Stationary-phase sigma factor, RpoS, is the only known target gene for RprA RNA in Escherichia coli; however, in Pcc the effect of RprA RNA was found to be rpoS-independent. Overall, our results show that the Rcs phosphorelay negatively affects expression of PCWDE by inhibiting expression of flhDC and rsmB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonian Biocenter, 23 Riia Street, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
authors.forename: Liis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonian Biocenter, 23 Riia Street, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
authors.forename: Erki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonian Biocenter, 23 Riia Street, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
authors.forename: Viia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kõiv
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonian Biocenter, 23 Riia Street, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mäe
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009876:Operon; D016973:Pectobacterium carotovorum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C074889:RcsB protein, Bacteria