title: Arterial blood gas parameters of normal foals born at 1500 metres elevation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Arterial blood gas analysis is widely accepted as a diagnostic tool to assess respiratory function in neonates. To the authors' knowledge, there are no published reports of arterial blood gas parameters in normal neonatal foals at altitude.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide information on arterial blood gas parameters of normal foals born at 1500 m elevation (Fort Collins, Colorado) in the first 48 h post partum.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Foals born at 1500 m will have lower PaO2 and PaCO2 than foals born at sea level due to low inspired oxygen and compensatory hyperventilation occurring at altitude.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen foals were studied. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed within 1 h of foaling and subsequent samples were evaluated at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h post partum. Data were compared to those previously reported in healthy foals born near sea level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean PaO2 was 53.0 mmHg (7.06 kPa) within 1 h of foaling, rising to 67.5 mmHg (9.00 kPa) at 48 h post partum. PaCO2 was 44.1 mmHg (5.88 kPa) within one hour of foaling, falling to 38.3 mmHg (5.11 kPa) at 48 h. Both PaO2 and PaCO2 were significantly lower in foals born at 1500 m elevation than those near sea level at several time points during the first 48 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foals at 1500 m elevation undergo hypobaric hypoxia and compensatory hyperventilation in the first 48 h. Altitude specific normal arterial blood values are an important reference for veterinarians providing critical care to equine neonates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Traub-Dargatz
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Tarr
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dargatz
mesh_terms: D000531:Altitude; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000097:blood*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood*; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010313:Partial Pressure
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen