title: A review of health utilities using the EQ-5D in studies of cardiovascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The EQ-5D has been extensively used to assess patient utility in trials of new treatments within the cardiovascular field. The aims of this study were to review evidence of the validity and reliability of the EQ-5D, and to summarise utility scores based on the use of the EQ-5D in clinical trials and in studies of patients with cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A structured literature search was conducted using keywords related to cardiovascular disease and EQ-5D. Original research studies of patients with cardiovascular disease that reported EQ-5D results and its measurement properties were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 147 identified papers, 66 met the selection criteria, with 10 studies reporting evidence on validity or reliability and 60 reporting EQ-5D responses (VAS or self-classification). Mean EQ-5D index-based scores ranged from 0.24 (SD 0.39) to 0.90 (SD 0.16), while VAS scores ranged from 37 (SD 21) to 89 (no SD reported). Stratification of EQ-5D index scores by disease severity revealed that scores decreased from a mean of 0.78 (SD 0.18) to 0.51 (SD 0.21) for mild to severe disease in heart failure patients and from 0.80 (SD 0.05) to 0.45 (SD 0.22) for mild to severe disease in angina patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The published evidence generally supports the validity and reliability of the EQ-5D as an outcome measure within the cardiovascular area. This review provides utility estimates across a range of cardiovascular subgroups and treatments that may be useful for future modelling of utilities and QALYs in economic evaluations within the cardiovascular area.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Research Group, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK. mdyer@cru.rcpsych.ac.uk
authors.forename: Matthew T D
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: Kimberley A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Sharples
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Buxton
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D006801:Humans; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires