title: Phase I trial of non-cytotoxic suramin as a modulator of docetaxel and gemcitabine therapy in previously treated patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In preclinical models, non-cytotoxic suramin (concentrations <50 μM) potentiates the activity of multiple chemotherapeutic agents. The present study evaluated the safety and tolerability of suramin in combination with docetaxel or gemcitabine in previously chemotherapy-treated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received suramin intravenously in combination with either docetaxel on day 1 or gemcitabine on days 1 and 8, of each 21-day treatment cycle. After 3 cycles, patients with partial response (PR) or better continued on the same combination, whereas patients with stable disease (SD) or worse crossed-over to the other combination. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed before and after each treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients received a total of 79 courses (37 suramin plus docetaxel, 42 suramin plus gemcitabine). The dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was febrile neutropenia, observed in three of six patients treated with suramin and docetaxel 75 mg/m(2). No DLTs were observed with suramin plus docetaxel 56 mg/m(2) or suramin plus gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m(2). Common adverse events included neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, hyperglycemia, and electrolyte abnormalities. The target plasma suramin concentration range of 10-50 μM was achieved in 90% of treatments. Discernable antitumor activity was noted in 11 patients (2 PR, 9 SD).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-cytotoxic suramin, in combination with docetaxel 56 mg/m(2) or gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m(2), was reasonably well-tolerated with a manageable toxicity profile. Target plasma concentrations were correctly predicted by our previously described dosing nomogram. The observed preliminary evidence of antitumor activity encourages evaluation of this strategy in efficacy trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA.
authors.forename: Elaine T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Jessie L-S
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Au
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Otterson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guillaume Wientjes
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xiaobai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tanios
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bekaii-Saab
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Murgo
authors.forename: Rhonda R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grever
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Villalona-Calero
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049451:Nomograms; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D013498:Suramin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D043823:Taxoids; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000077143:Docetaxel; D013498:Suramin; D000093542:Gemcitabine