title: Outcome analysis of tubularized incised urethral plate using dorsal dartos flap for proximal penile hypospadias repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the outcome of tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty in conjunction with a dorsal dartos flap for primary proximal penile hypospadias.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine patients with proximal penile hypospadias underwent a one-stage TIP urethroplasty with single-layer closure using polyglactin suture. A dorsal dartos (subcutaneous) flap, harvested from the dorsal penile shaft was used to cover the neourethra ventrally. Glanuloplasty was also performed in all cases. All patients had a well preserved urethral plate after straightening of the penis. Complications and cosmetic appearance were documented during follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean patient age at surgery was 23 months (16-72 months). Mean operative time was 180 min (154-240 min). At the mean follow-up of 36 months, the overall complication rate was 12% (4 fistulae, 1 meatal stenosis). Glandular dehiscence occurred in one patient, and 38 patients (78%) required dorsal Nesbit plication. No patient had residual chordee, neourethral stricture or a urethral diverticulum, and the neomeatus with a slit-like appearance was positioned at the glans tip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIP urethroplasty with dorsal dartos layer covering the neourethra is an effective treatment for primary proximal penile hypospadias with a preserved urethral plate and without severe curvature. There is a good cosmetic outcome with low risk of complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. mazenghanem1@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mazen A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghanem
authors.forename: Rien J M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Nijman
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*