title: Structure-based discovery of novel chemotypes for adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists.
abstract: The recent progress in crystallography of G-protein coupled receptors opens an unprecedented venue for structure-based GPCR drug discovery. To test efficiency of the structure-based approach, we performed molecular docking and virtual ligand screening (VLS) of more than 4 million commercially available "drug-like" and ''lead-like'' compounds against the A(2A)AR 2.6 A resolution crystal structure. Out of 56 high ranking compounds tested in A(2A)AR binding assays, 23 showed affinities under 10 microM, 11 of those had sub-microM affinities and two compounds had affinities under 60 nM. The identified hits represent at least 9 different chemical scaffolds and are characterized by very high ligand efficiency (0.3-0.5 kcal/mol per heavy atom). Significant A(2A)AR antagonist activities were confirmed for 10 out of 13 ligands tested in functional assays. High success rate, novelty, and diversity of the chemical scaffolds and strong ligand efficiency of the A(2A)AR antagonists identified in this study suggest practical applicability of receptor-based VLS in GPCR drug discovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. vkatritch@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Vsevolod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Katritch
authors.forename: Veli-Pekka
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Jaakola
authors.forename: J Robert
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Adriaan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ijzerman
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yeager
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kufareva
authors.forename: Raymond C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abagyan
mesh_terms: D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016208:Databases, Factual; D006801:Humans; D007313:Insecta; D054833:Isoindoles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D046609:Libraries, Digital; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A / Q000737:chemistry; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D000880:Anthraquinones; D054833:Isoindoles; D008024:Ligands; D009281:Naphthalenes; D011725:Pyridines; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D014227:Triazines; D000242:Cyclic AMP