title: Optimizing the surgical field in pediatric functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a new evidence-based approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct the first prospective randomized controlled study 1) evaluating the possibility of improving the quality of the operative field and to provide a bloodless functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in children through total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) using remifentanil combined with propofol, and 2) testing the safety and efficacy of remifentanil in propofol-TIVA in inducing controlled hypotension in children at a target mean arterial blood pressure of 50 mm Hg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  General hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy children underwent FESS under hypotensive general anesthesia with equal randomization into two groups. Group I received TIVA with remifentanil, whereas group II had balanced anesthesia (BA) with esmolol. Heart rate, blood pressure, operative time, blood loss, and quality of the surgical conditions were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraoperative blood loss in the TIVA group was less than in the BA group. The quality and dryness of the surgical field in both the visual analogue scale and the six-point scale was significantly better in the TIVA group than in the BA group. Hypotension was sustained at the target mean arterial blood pressure of 50 mm Hg in the two groups, without any significant difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improving the quality of the surgical field and providing a bloodless FESS in children is attainable with TIVA. TIVA using a combination of remifentanil and propofol is superior to BA, even with the use of additional potent hypotensive agents such as esmolol. Both techniques are safe and effective in inducing controlled hypotension in children at a target mean arterial blood pressure of 50 mm Hg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt. sragab@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Sameh M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ragab
authors.forename: Maher Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Hassanin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004724:Endoscopy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007023:Hypotension, Controlled; D008297:Male; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000601:surgery*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000601:surgery*