title: Variation in toxicity of copper pyrithione among populations and families of the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite.
abstract: Inter- and intra-population variation in the toxicity of the antifouling biocide copper pyrithione (CuPT) was examined for nauplius larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. Nauplii were collected from brooding adults from four sites within the Newport River estuary (NC), chosen based on an initial estimation of recent and historical human activities that affect local contamination levels. Each site was characterized for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and for the frequency of gastropod imposex, an indicator of contamination by organotins. Sensitivity of nauplii to CuPT varied significantly across the sites/populations, with LC(50) values ranging from 4.0 microg l(-1) to 6.1 microg l(-1). Larvae from the most contaminated site were the most sensitive to CuPT. Intrapopulation variation in toxicity was investigated by exposing nauplius larvae from 15 maternal families to a fixed concentration of CuPT (6.1 microg l(-1)). Variation in larval mortality among the families was significant, ranging from 15.1% to 98.9%.
authors.affiliation: Marine Laboratory, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jocelyn A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rittschof
authors.forename: Patricia D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: McClellan-Green
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Holm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009657:North Carolina; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D011725:Pyridines / Q000633:toxicity*; D001468:Thoracica / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D009947:Organotin Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; C487833:copper pyrithione