title: Red blood cell transfusion threshold in postsurgical pediatric intensive care patients: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The optimal transfusion threshold after surgery in children is unknown. We analyzed the general surgery subgroup of the TRIPICU (Transfusion Requirements in Pediatric Intensive Care Units) study to determine the impact of a restrictive versus a liberal transfusion strategy on new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The TRIPICU study, a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted in 17 centers, enrolled a total of 648 critically ill children with a hemoglobin equal to or below 9.5 g/dL within 7 days of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission to receive prestorage leukocyte-reduced red-cell transfusion if their hemoglobin dropped below either 7.0 g/dL (restrictive) or 9.5 g/dL (liberal). A subgroup of 124 postoperative patients (60 randomized to restrictive and 64 to the liberal group) were analyzed. This study was registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com and carries the following ID ISRCTN37246456.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in the restrictive and liberal groups were similar at randomization in age (restrictive vs. liberal: 53.5 +/- 51.8 vs. 73.7 +/- 61.8 months), severity of illness (pediatric risk of mortality [PRISM] score: 3.5 +/- 4.0 vs. 4.4 +/- 4.0), MODS (35% vs. 29%), need for mechanical ventilation (77% vs. 74%), and hemoglobin level (7.7 +/- 1.1 vs. 7.9 +/- 1.0 g/dL). The mean hemoglobin level remained 2.3 g/dL lower in the restrictive group after randomization. No significant differences were found for new or progressive MODS (8% vs. 9%; P = 0.83) or for 28-day mortality (2% vs. 2%; P = 0.96) in the restrictive versus liberal group. However, there was a statistically significant difference between groups for PICU length of stay (7.7 +/- 6.6 days for the restrictive group vs. 11.6 +/- 10.2 days for the liberal group; P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this subgroup analysis of pediatric general surgery patients, we found no conclusive evidence that a restrictive red-cell transfusion strategy, as compared with a liberal one, increased the rate of new or progressive MODS or mortality.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC.
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rouette
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Trottier
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ducruet
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beaunoyer
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tucci
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003422:Critical Care / Q000592:standards*; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000592:standards*; D011446:Prospective Studies