title: The Wnt pathway controls cell death engulfment, spindle orientation, and migration through CED-10/Rac.
abstract: Wnt signalling pathways have extremely diverse functions in animals, including induction of cell fates or tumours, guidance of cell movements during gastrulation, and the induction of cell polarity. Wnt can induce polar changes in cellular morphology by a remodelling of the cytoskeleton. However, how activation of the Frizzled receptor induces cytoskeleton rearrangement is not well understood. We show, by an in depth 4-D microscopy analysis, that the Caenorhabditis elegans Wnt pathway signals to CED-10/Rac via two separate branches to regulate modulation of the cytoskeleton in different cellular situations. Apoptotic cell clearance and migration of the distal tip cell require the MOM-5/Fz receptor, GSK-3 kinase, and APC/APR-1, which activate the CED-2/5/12 branch of the engulfment machinery. MOM-5 (Frizzled) thus can function as an engulfment receptor in C. elegans. Our epistatic analyses also suggest that the two partially redundant signalling pathways defined earlier for engulfment may act in a single pathway in early embryos. By contrast, rearrangement of mitotic spindles requires the MOM-5/Fz receptor, GSK-3 kinase, and beta-catenins, but not the downstream factors LIT-1/NLK or POP-1/Tcf. Taken together, our results indicate that in multiple developmental processes, CED-10/Rac can link polar signals mediated by the Wnt pathway to rearrangements of the cytoskeleton.
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Institut für Genetik, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cabello
authors.forename: Lukas J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Neukomm
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Günesdogan
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Burkart
authors.forename: Steve J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Charette
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lochnit
authors.forename: Michael O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Hengartner
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schnabel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C407268:CED-10 protein, C elegans; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C108315:Mom-5 protein, C elegans; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; C096787:pop-1 protein, C elegans; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C120085:lit-1 protein, C elegans; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins