Exploring the potential of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome on membrane stabilization, mast cell protection, nitric oxide synthesis, and expression of costimulatory molecules.
Immunomodulatory activity of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome was evaluated for its standardized extract (NNRE) with respect to betulinic acid. Various key parameters including erythrocyte membrane stabilization, inhibition of histamine release, reduction in nitric oxide production and depletion of expression of costimulatory molecules of macrophages were estimated. The result displayed that NNRE stabilized erythrocyte membrane significantly at 10 (42.05%) and 100 microg/mL (44.31%). Although considering the protection of mast cells from degranulation, NNRE showed 38.66% (100 microg/mL) and 69.66% (10 microg/mL) degranulation against compound 48/80 (C 48/80). NNRE at 1 and 5 microg/mL inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of macrophages by decreasing the expression of costimulatory molecules. Expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 by NNRE was seen significantly at 5 microg/mL compared to LPS-treated group. The extracts also inhibited the nitrite concentration at 1 and 5 microg/mL compared to LPS-treated group.
Mukherjee
Debajyoti
D
School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Biswas
Amlan
A
Bhadra
Santanu
S
Pichairajan
Venkatesh
V
Biswas
Tapas
T
Saha
Bishnu Pada
BP
Mukherjee
Pulok K
PK
D000818:Animals; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D015550:Cell Degranulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000187:drug effects*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006632:Histamine / Q000032:analysis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D031653:Nelumbo; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027343:Rhizome; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000094062:Betulinic Acid
D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009573:Nitrites; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006632:Histamine; D000094062:Betulinic Acid