title: Correlates of dietary energy sources with cardiovascular disease risk markers in Mexican school-age children.
abstract: Dietary and lifestyle changes in Mexico have been linked to an increase in chronic diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. Important dietary changes such as an increase in the consumption of energy-dense foods (high in oils, animal or processed fats, and sugars) have been recently reported. The objective of this study was to identify how key dietary energy sources correlated with other indexes of cardiovascular disease in a Mexican school-age population. From 2004 to 2006, a convenience sample (n=228) of 9- to 13-year-olds, 48.2% girls and 51.8% boys, from three public urban schools were included. Anthropometric, blood pressure, and dietary assessment (two multiple pass 24-hour recalls) were done. More than half of children did not meet the fruit and vegetable recommended intake. High-fat dairy foods (14% of total energy intake), refined carbohydrates (13.5%), red/processed meat (8.5%), added sugars/desserts (7%), corn tortilla (6.5%), and soft drinks/sweetened beverages (5%) were the highest dietary energy sources consumed. In a subgroup of children (n=185), a fasting blood sample was collected for biochemical analysis. A positive association was observed between glucose and diastolic blood pressure with the intake of soft drinks/sweetened beverages, insulin concentrations and the intake of white bread, and triglyceride concentrations with the intake of added fats. Unhealthful dietary energy sources are frequently consumed by these children. Culturally competent nutrition counseling should be offered to Mexican-American children and their families with a significant risk of cardiovascular disease. Efforts should be made to design and implement nutrition education and health promotion strategies in schools.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico. o.perichart@servidor.inper.edu.mx
authors.forename: Otilia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Perichart-Perera
authors.forename: Margie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balas-Nakash
authors.forename: Ameyalli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Cano
authors.forename: Cinthya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Manrique
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monge-Urrea
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vadillo-Ortega
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D053198:Child Nutrition Sciences / Q000193:education; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides