title: Analgesic Response to Morphine in Children with Sickle Cell Disease: A Pilot Study.
abstract: Morphine given by Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) is widely used in hospital settings to manage severe pain during acute painful episodes. Wide variations in prescription patterns occur and some patients are often self-administering sub- or low- therapeutic doses. In this preliminary study, a descriptive design with repeated measures was used to examine the effects of different PCA morphine regimens on the intensity, location and quality of pain as well as on the perceived amount of relief and side effects in patients with sickle cell disease (N=13; mean age 13.7 years; eight males; five females). The preliminary data showed that a regimen with a high background infusion rate and low intermittent push dose (Regimen B) may provide better response to PCA morphine. The difference in trends between the worst and least pain intensity ratings were narrower in this regimen, suggesting that pain peaks and troughs were not occurring as in a regimen with an around the clock nurse administered dosing schedule (Regimen C). The amount of morphine that was administered per day was not significantly different (p > 0.05) among the three morphine regimens. The combination of a high background infusion rate and low intermittent push dose (as in Regimen B) within the first 24 hours of admission, may provide improved response and possibly shorter recovery from the painful episode than the regimen that would routinely be prescribed with lower background infusion rate and high intermittent push dose (as in regimen A).
authors.affiliation: TUCLA School of Nursing, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Eufemia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hockenberry
authors.forename: Brigitta U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.forename: Lonnie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeltzer