title: Plant health and global change--some implications for landscape management.
abstract: Global change (climate change together with other worldwide anthropogenic processes such as increasing trade, air pollution and urbanization) will affect plant health at the genetic, individual, population and landscape level. Direct effects include ecosystem stress due to natural resources shortage or imbalance. Indirect effects include (i) an increased frequency of natural detrimental phenomena, (ii) an increased pressure due to already present pests and diseases, (iii) the introduction of new invasive species either as a result of an improved suitability of the climatic conditions or as a result of increased trade, and (iv) the human response to global change. In this review, we provide an overview of recent studies on terrestrial plant health in the presence of global change factors. We summarize the links between climate change and some key issues in plant health, including tree mortality, changes in wildfire regimes, biological invasions and the role of genetic diversity for ecosystem resilience. Prediction and management of global change effects are complicated by interactions between globalization, climate and invasive plants and/or pathogens. We summarize practical guidelines for landscape management and draw general conclusions from an expanding body of literature.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK. m.pautasso@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pautasso
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dehnen-Schmutz
authors.forename: Ottmar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Holdenrieder
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pietravalle
authors.forename: Nabeil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salama
authors.forename: Mike J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jeger
authors.forename: Eckart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hehl-Lange
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution; D044822:Biodiversity; D057231:Climate Change; D003132:Commerce; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment; D005390:Fires; D014644:Genetic Variation; D058865:Introduced Species; D063245:Plant Development; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics*; D014197:Trees / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D014507:Urbanization