title: Cell-mediated immune response and cross-protective efficacy of binary ethylenimine-inactivated bluetongue virus serotype-1 vaccine in sheep.
abstract: Bluetongue is a serious hemorrhagic disease of sheep, cattle and other ruminants causing economic losses worldwide. Recent invasion of multiple bluetongue virus serotypes (BTV) in various countries warrants immediate development of efficacious vaccine that targets more than one serotype. In the present study, the cross-protective efficacy of binary ethylenimine (BEI)-inactivated BTV-1 vaccine was evaluated in Indian native sheep against virulent heterologous BTV-23 serotype challenge. BTV-1 vaccination induced significant cell-mediated immunity (CMI) as determined by lymphoproliferative responses, and increased CD8 T cell, IL-2 and IFN-gamma responses. Both naïve and immunized sheep also showed increased CD4 T cell, IL-12 and IFN-alpha responses. Collectively, these data suggested that inactivated BTV-1 vaccine induced appreciable CMI and greatly reduced the severity of heterologous BTV-23 infection.
authors.affiliation: Center for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Pathology Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. chs221@mail.usask.ca
authors.forename: Channakeshava Sokke
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Umeshappa
authors.forename: Karam Pal
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Awadh Bihari
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Rabindra Prasad
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Roopa Hebbandi
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Nanjundappa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001388:Aziridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001819:Bluetongue / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001820:Bluetongue virus / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D056738:Cross Protection; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007194:India; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012756:Sheep; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001388:Aziridines; D004202:Disinfectants; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D018664:Interleukin-12; C033132:aziridine; D007371:Interferon-gamma