title: Superior survival of high transporters treated with automated versus continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) is widely recommended for the management of high transporters by the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD), although there have been no adequate studies to date comparing the outcomes of APD and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in this high risk group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relative impact of APD versus CAPD on patient and technique survival rates was examined by both intention-to-treat (PD modality at Day 90) and 'as-treated' time-varying Cox proportional hazards model analyses in all patients who started PD in Australia or New Zealand between 1 April 1999 and 31 March 2004 and who had baseline peritoneal equilibration tests confirming the presence of high peritoneal transport status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 4128 patients commenced PD. Of these, 628 patients were high transporters on PD at Day 90 (486 on APD and 142 on CAPD). Compared to high transporters treated with CAPD, APD-treated high transporters were more likely to be younger and Caucasian, and less likely to be diabetic. On multivariate intention-to-treat analysis, APD treatment was associated with superior survival [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.87] and comparable death-censored technique survival (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.64-1.21). Superior survival of high transporters treated with APD versus CAPD was also confirmed in supplemental as-treated analysis (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.54-0.96), matched case-control analysis (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.36-0.96) and subgroup analysis of high transporters treated entirely with APD versus those treated entirely with CAPD (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.14-0.60). There were no statistically significant differences in patient survival or death-censored technique survival between APD and CAPD for any other transport group, except for low transporters, who experienced a higher mortality rate on APD compared with CAPD (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.02-4.70).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APD treatment is associated with a significant survival advantage in high transporters compared with CAPD. However, APD treatment is associated with inferior survival in low transporters.
authors.affiliation: Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, Adelaide, Australia. david_johnson@health.qld.gov.au
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Carmel M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hawley
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Fiona G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Johan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rosman
authors.forename: Kathryn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wiggins
authors.forename: Kym M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bannister
authors.forename: Sunil V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Badve
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001331:Automation; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality*; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000401:mortality*; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000503:physiopathology; D010539:Permeability; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome