title: TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1 expression is inhibited by GAS6 in monocytes/macrophages.
abstract: GAS6 protein has been described to be involved in immune modulation in vitro and in vivo. Some of these effects are probably mediated through the involvement of monocytes/macrophages. To understand the role of GAS6 in modulating the immune response, we evaluated the effect on cytokine secretion by monocytes/macrophages and the molecular pathways involved. GAS6 inhibits TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion by LPS-stimulated U937 cells and monocytes/macrophages. We evidenced that among GAS6 receptors, only Mer (but not Axl or Tyro3) is expressed on differentiated U937 cells, and its activation is responsible for the reduction of cytokine expression. In immunoblot analysis, Mer was activated after GAS6 stimulation, giving rise to an increased phosphorylation of Akt. We also observed GSK3 beta phosphorylation and consequent inhibition of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. Therefore, GAS6 modulates macrophage cytokine secretion, triggering an "anti-inflammatory pathway" involving PI3K/Akt/GSK3 beta and NF-kappaB.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alciato
authors.forename: Pier Paolo
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Sainaghi
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sola
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castello
authors.forename: Gian Carlo
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Avanzi
mesh_terms: D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002469:Cell Separation; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000276:immunology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D020298:U937 Cells; D000099255:Growth Arrest-Specific Protein 6
chemical_list: D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099255:Growth Arrest-Specific Protein 6; C056705:mouse erythrocyte receptor