title: Effects of acute psychosocial stress on cigarette craving and smoking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stress is thought to influence use of drugs, including cigarette smoking, but the mechanisms by which it does so are not clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute psychosocial stress on cigarette craving, the subjective effects of smoking, and smoking behavior in daily smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy male and female smokers participated in two experimental sessions in which they were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test or a nonstressful control task. For 2 hr after each task, they had repeated opportunities to either smoke or earn money. Physiological (heart rate, cortisol, and alpha-amylase) and subjective (anxiety and desire to smoke) measures were obtained before and after the tasks and after each smoking opportunity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stress significantly increased cigarette craving but it did not increase smoking. When individual differences in nicotine dependence were taken into account, stress influenced CO boost and pleasure from smoking the first cigarette.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support previous evidence that acute psychosocial stress increases smoking desire.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC3077, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. echilds@uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Childs
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Wit
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult