title: Depressive symptoms in older male Italian immigrants in Australia: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence of depressive symptoms in older male Italian-born Australian immigrants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of 335 Italian-born and 849 Australian-born men aged 70 years and over who completed written questionnaires and were interviewed in the baseline phase of the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Depressive symptoms assessed by the short (15-item) form of the Geriatric Depression Scale; associations between depressive symptoms and country of birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of depressive symptoms in Italian-born men was 18%, almost twice the prevalence of 10% in Australian-born men (odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-3.0). After adjusting for socioeconomic and health factors, the relationship between country of birth and depressive symptoms was attenuated and no longer statistically significant (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.9-3.0). The strongest confounders of the relationship between country of birth and depressive symptoms were source of income and satisfaction with social support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Male Italian-born immigrants aged over 70 years report more depressive symptoms than their Australian-born counterparts. This association appears to be explained by increased reliance on a government pension as the sole source of income and lower satisfaction with social support among Italian-born men. However, these findings need to be confirmed longitudinally.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW. fstanaway@health.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Fiona F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Stanaway
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Cumming
authors.forename: Vasi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Naganathan
authors.forename: Fiona M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Blyth
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Creasey
authors.forename: Louise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Waite
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Handelsman
authors.forename: Markus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Seibel
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000208:ethnology*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors