title: A small-molecule inhibitor of integrin alpha2 beta1 introduces a new strategy for antithrombotic therapy.
abstract: Interaction of blood platelets with vascular collagen is an initiating event in haemostasis and thrombus formation. Based on molecular modelling of human integrin alpha2I domain and cell-based screening assays we have developed sulfonamide derivatives, a mechanistically novel class of molecules. These molecules show antiplatelet efficacy by selectively inhibiting alpha2beta1 integrin-mediated collagen binding. One sulfonamide derivative, named BTT-3016, showed inhibitory capacity in several assessments of human platelet interaction with collagen. It inhibited about 90% of the aggregation of gel-filtered magnesium-supplemented platelets and 70% of aggregation in PPACK-anticoagulated platelet-rich plasma when stimulated with collagen but not with ADP. The antiplatelet activity of BTT-3016 was dependent on alpha2beta1 integrin, since in collagen binding test BTT-3016 had no effect on the platelets derived from alpha2 integrin null mice. When tested in an in vivo model in mice, BTT-3016 clearly reduced thrombus formation on the vessel wall after vascular injury. Furthermore, BTT-3016 prolonged tail-bleeding time in a manner comparable to aspirin. We show that new alpha2beta1 inhibitors exert collagen-specific antiplatelet activity and regulate thrombus growth in vivo without compromising primary haemostasis more than aspirin. We suggest that the alpha2beta1 inhibiting strategy could be further developed for the prevention and treatment of arterial thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nissinen
authors.forename: O T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Pentikäinen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jouppila
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Käpylä
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ojala
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lipsanen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lappalainen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eckes
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lassila
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marjamäki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001760:Bleeding Time; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D038982:Integrin alpha2beta1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051379:Mice; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D038982:Integrin alpha2beta1; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; D003094:Collagen; D001241:Aspirin