title: FOXO1 and TCF7L2 genes involved in metastasis and poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: The goal of this study was to identify genes related to the metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CRCC). We analyzed copy number alterations in renal tissue specimens of patients with CRCC patients with or without metastasis by using high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and then integrated these data with gene expression profiling data obtained using oligonucleotide microarrays. The expression levels of target genes were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) with an independent tumor set. An analysis of specimens from 23 CRCC cases with SNP arrays revealed that hemizygous deletions at 10q and 13q were found only in cases of metastatic disease. We found the homozygous deletion of TCF7L2 at 10q25.2 in an aggressive case that had hemizygous deletions at 10q. In addition, a qRT-PCR analysis of TCF7L2 mRNA levels in tumor samples revealed significantly lower levels in patients with metastasis when compared with those without metastasis. FOXO1 was identified as a down-regulated gene in the minimal overlapping region of the 13q hemizygous deletion in CRCC. Decreased FOXO1 expression was significantly correlated with metastasis and poor survival outcome. Knockdown of FOXO1 inhibited apoptosis after doxorubicin treatment in CRCC cells and reduced the expression of downstream genes involved in cell proliferation (CDKN1B) and survival (BCL2L11). Lower levels of FOXO1 expression were associated with decreased expression of CDKN1B and BCL2L11 in CRCC specimens. We conclude that FOXO1 and TCF7L2 are involved in metastasis and that molecules in these signaling pathways may be targets for diagnostic procedures and therapies for CRCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimazui
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hinotsu
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meno
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akaza
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000782:Aneuploidy; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D018450:Disease Progression; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005260:Female; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D058118:Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; C085126:FOXO1 protein, human; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; C544894:TCF7L2 protein, human; D058118:Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein; D004317:Doxorubicin