title: Effect of metal selection and porcelain firing on the marginal accuracy of titanium-based metal ceramic restorations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Titanium is the most biocompatible metal used for dental casting; however, there is concern about its marginal accuracy after porcelain application since this aspect has direct influence on marginal fit.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect that metal selection and the porcelain firing procedure have on the marginal accuracy of metal ceramic prostheses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cast CP Ti, milled CP Ti, cast Ti-6Al-7Nb, and cast Ni-Cr copings (n=5) were fired with compatible porcelains (Triceram for titanium-based metals and VITA VMK 95 for Ni-Cr alloy). The Ni-Cr alloy fired with its porcelain served as the control. Photographs of metal copings placed on a master die were made. Marginal discrepancy was determined on the photographs using an image processing program at 8 predetermined locations before airborne-particle abrasion for porcelain application, after firing of the opaque layer, and after firing of the dentin layer. Repeated-measures 2-way ANOVA was used to investigate the effect of metal selection and firing stage, and paired t tests were used to determine the effect of each firing stage within each material group (alpha=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANOVA showed that both metal selection and firing stage significantly influenced the measured marginal discrepancy (P<.001), and there was interaction between the 2 variables (P<.001). Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison tests showed that there were significant differences between any 2 metals compared, at each stage of measurement. Paired t tests showed that significant changes in marginal discrepancy occurred with opaque firing on milled CP Ti (P=.017) and cast Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy (P=.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Titanium copings fabricated by CAD/CAM demonstrated the least marginal discrepancy among all groups, while the base metal (Ni-Cr) groups exhibited the most discrepancy of all groups tested.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Tamer E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Shokry
authors.forename: Mazen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.forename: Ihab
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mosleh
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elhosary
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamza
authors.forename: Chiayi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003735:Dental Casting Technique; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation / Q000592:standards*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design / Q000379:methods*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014025:Titanium / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D014025:Titanium