title: The extraction of liquid, protein molecules and yeast cells from paper through surface acoustic wave atomization.
abstract: Paper has been proposed as an inexpensive and versatile carrier for microfluidics devices with abilities well beyond simple capillary action for pregnancy tests and the like. Unlike standard microfluidics devices, extracting a fluid from the paper is a challenge and a drawback to its broader use. Here, we extract fluid from narrow paper strips using surface acoustic wave (SAW) irradiation that subsequently atomizes the extracted fluid into a monodisperse aerosol for use in mass spectroscopy, medical diagnostics, and drug delivery applications. Two protein molecules, ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA), have been preserved in paper and then extracted using atomized mist through SAW excitation; protein electrophoresis shows there is less than 1% degradation of either protein molecule in this process. Finally, a solution of live yeast cells was infused into paper, which was subsequently dried for preservation then remoistened to extract the cells via SAW atomization, yielding live cells at the completion of the process. The successful preservation and extraction of fluids, proteins and yeast cells significantly expands the usefulness of paper in microfluidics.
authors.affiliation: MicroNanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Aisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friend
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004586:Electrophoresis; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010209:Paper; D011506:Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013499:Surface Properties; D015003:Yeasts / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D010047:Ovalbumin