title: Developing an automatic lateral cephalometric landmark identification program and evaluating its performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of detecting cephalometric landmarks automatically by computer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Digital image processing algorithms (edge-based and morphological) in addition to mathematical algorithms (knowledge-based) were used to develop a program for the identification of 15 lateral cephalometric landmarks on digital cephalograms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The automatic landmark identification system was clinically acceptable (p > 0.05 comparing with 2-mm error range) for five landmarks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The automatic landmark identification is accurate for only some landmarks. Additional studies may be necessary to improve this method.
authors.affiliation: vahid.rakhshan@gmail.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rakhshan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rakhshan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheibaninia
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002680:Chin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D051188:Knowledge Bases; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012985:Software Design; D012986:Software Validation