title: [Follow-up of tuberous sclerosis complex complicated by epilepsy in children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the treatment outcome and risk factors for intractable seizures in children with tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC)complicated by epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical data of 66 cases of TSC were retrospectively studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 66 children with TSC, 47 cases were available for follow-up. The follow-up period ranged from 7 months to 9.3 years (average 4.5 + or - 2.6 years). The patients' present average age was (7.7 + or - 4.1) years (median 8 years). Among the 47 cases, 19 (40%) had infantile spasms, 24 (51%) had tonic seizures, 15 (32%) had partial seizures, and 3 (6%) had tonic-clonic seizures, and additionally, multifocal seizures, atonic seizures, atypical absence seizures and hypomotor seizures each appeared in 1 case (2%) respectively. The average number of antiepileptic drugs used was 1.9 + or - 0.86 (median 1). Among the 47 patients, 12 (26%) still had epileptic seizures and 33 (70%)were seizure-free, and 4% were dead. Three cases underwent surgery and continued to receive medication after surgery. The three patients were seizure-free in a 1.5 years follow-up. Among the 30 children over 7 years old, 17 cases (57%) were enrolled in ordinary schools, 3 cases (10%) in special schools and the other 10 cases were off-school for disabilities of intelligence and speech. The non-conditional logistic regression showed that the age of onset (RR=1.8, 95% CI 1.0- 3.2, P=0.050), administration of multiple antiepileptic drugs (RR=4.8, 95% CI 1.2-18.6, P=0.024), tonic seizures (RR=0.003, 95% CI 0.0- 0.2, P=0.04) and sex (RR=0.016, 95% CI 0.0-0.5, P=0.017) were risk factors for intractable seizures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority (70%) of children with TSC complicated by epilepsy can be seizure-free with suitable treatment. The risk factors of poor outcome in seizure control may involve in the early onset age, tonic seizures and the administration for multiple anti-epileptic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518026, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Lun
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Jian-Xiang
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tie-Shuan
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xin-Guo
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xin-Juan
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*