title: [Outcomes of ICSI with sperm from different sources: a retrospective study of 431 cycles].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with retrieved epididymal and testicular sperm for obstructive azoospermia and with ejaculated sperm for severe oligozoospermia and asthenospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 431 ICSI cycles, which were divided according to sperm sources into Groups A (n=287 in patients with severe oligozoospermia or asthenospermia using ejaculated sperm), B (n=109 in obstructive azoospermia patients with sperm retrieved by percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration, PESA) and C (n=35 in obstructive azoospermia patients with sperm retrieved by testicular sperm extraction, TESE). Comparisons were made among the three groups in the rates of embryo implantation, fertilization, pregnancy, cleavage, and miscarriage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group A showed statistically significant differences from Groups B and C in the rates of embryo implantation and pregnancy (18.46% vs. 25.23% and 28.76%, 31.23% vs. 42.16% and 39.39%, P < 0.05). But no significant differences were seen in the rates of fertilization, cleavage and miscarriage among the three groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rates of embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy are higher in patients with obstructive azoospermia than in those with severe oligozoospermia or asthenospermia after ICSI with ejaculated sperm.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Henan Province Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China. ghb1214@163.com
authors.forename: Hai-bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yu-hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Cui-lian
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hang-sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bao-xia
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Bao-li
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Xiao-bing
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Juan-ke
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D053713:Azoospermia / Q000628:therapy; D004822:Epididymis / Q000166:cytology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods*; D013094:Spermatozoa; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000503:physiopathology