title: Fluorescence lifetime imaging of activatable target specific molecular probes.
abstract: In vivo optical imaging using fluorescently labeled self-quenched monoclonal antibodies, activated through binding and internalization within target cells, results in excellent target-to-background ratios. We hypothesized that these molecular probes could be utilized to accurately report on cellular internalization with fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI). Two imaging probes were synthesized, consisting of the antibody trastuzumab (targeting HER2/neu) conjugated to Alexa Fluor750 in ratios of either 1:8 or 1:1. Fluorescence intensity and lifetime of each conjugate were initially determined at endosomal pHs. Since the 1:8 conjugate is self-quenched, the fluorescence lifetime of each probe was also determined after exposure to the known dequencher SDS. In vitro imaging experiments were performed using 3T3/HER2(+) and BALB/3T3 (HER2(-)) cell lines. Changes in fluorescence lifetime correlated with temperature- and time-dependent cellular internalization. In vivo imaging studies in mice with dual flank tumors [3T3/HER2(+) and BALB/3T3 (HER2(-))] detected a minimal difference in FLI. In conclusion, fluorescence lifetime imaging monitors the internalization of target-specific activatable antibody-fluorophore conjugates in vitro. Challenges remain in adapting this methodology to in vivo imaging.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, USA.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alford
authors.forename: Mikako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Moinuddin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Amir H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Gandjbakhche
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Choyke
authors.forename: Hisataka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004705:Endocytosis; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000378:metabolism*; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013388:Succinimides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D000068878:Trastuzumab
chemical_list: C502599:Alexa Fluor 750; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D015335:Molecular Probes; D013388:Succinimides; D000068878:Trastuzumab