title: Classification of osseointegrated implant surfaces: materials, chemistry and topography.
abstract: Since the founding of the osseointegration concept, the characteristics of the interface between bone and implant, and possible ways to improve it, have been of particular interest in dental and orthopaedic implant research. Making use of standardized tools of analysis and terminology, we present here a standardized characterization code for osseointegrated implant surfaces. This code describes the chemical composition of the surface, that is, the core material, such as titanium, and its chemical or biochemical modification through impregnation or coating. This code also defines the physical surface features, at the micro- and nanoscale, such as microroughness, microporosity, nanoroughness, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanopatterning and fractal architecture. This standardized classification system will allow to clarify unambiguously the identity of any given osseointegrated surface and help to identify the biological outcomes of each surface characteristic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden. LoB5@mac.com
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dohan Ehrenfest
authors.forename: Paulo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Byung-Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Young-Taeg
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Sul
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Albrektsson
mesh_terms: D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification* / Q000592:standards; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000145:classification* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible