title: Frequency and causes of nonbattle injuries air evacuated from operations iraqi freedom and enduring freedom, u.s. Army, 2001-2006.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medical information systems during past military deployments had limited injury surveillance capability as data were not accessible during deployments and did not capture causes of injury. This paper describes nonbattle injury (NBI) results from an ongoing surveillance program that identifies injury occurrences and causes during deployments for Operations Iraqi Freedom (Iraq) and Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan).
  
  
  METHODS
  U.S. Army soldiers medically air evacuated from Iraq (March 2003-December 2006) or Afghanistan (October 2001-December 2006) were identified from air evacuation records that provided demographics, casualty type, diagnosis, and patient history. For NBI cases, the patient history was used to identify and code injury cause, incident circumstances, and body region. Descriptive statistics were used to describe and compare NBIs evacuated from Iraq and Afghanistan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 27,563 soldiers in Iraq and 4165 in Afghanistan were air evacuated. NBIs accounted for 35% and 36% of cases, respectively, and were the largest single category of evacuations for both operations. Distributions for leading categories of NBI diagnosis (fracture, inflammation/pain, and dislocation) and body region (back, knee, and wrist/hand) were similar for both operations. Leading NBI causes were the same for both operations-sports/physical training (19%-21%), falls/jumps (18%), and motor vehicle-related incidents (12%-16%)-but the proportion of motor vehicle incidents was higher in Iraq (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routinely collected air evacuation records provided the basis for ongoing injury surveillance for Iraq and Afghanistan. NBI was the largest category of evacuations from both operations. Leading NBI causes were similar to those identified for previous deployments and many should be preventable.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA. keith.hauret@us.army.mil
authors.forename: Keith G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Hauret
authors.forename: Bonnie J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Nakia S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Clemmons
authors.forename: Suzanne R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: Bruce H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D017732:Air Ambulances / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011159:Population Surveillance; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult