title: Epidural analgesia during labor among immigrant women in Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate differences in the use of epidural analgesia (EDA) during labor between native Swedish and immigrant women and whether such possible differences could be explained by other maternal factors or birthweight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based register study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationwide study in Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 455,274 primiparous women, who gave birth to a singleton infant at 37-41 completed gestational weeks during 1992-2005. Of the 72,086 (16%) immigrants, data on 31,148 women from the eight most common countries of origin were analyzed to test our hypotheses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Register study with perinatal data from the Medical Birth Register and socio-demographic variables from national income and population registers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Use of EDA during vaginal delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with native Swedish women, EDA was more often used by women from Chile, odds ratio (OR) 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23-1.57); Iran, OR 1.38 (1.26-1.53); Poland, OR 1.22 (1.08-1.37) and Finland, OR 1.10 (1.03-1.17) after adjustments for perinatal and socio-demographic confounders, while EDA was less often used among women from Somalia, OR 0.57 (0.46-0.70); Iraq, OR 0.71 (0.64-0.78); Turkey, OR 0.77(0.69-0.86) and Yugoslavia, OR 0.85 (0.79-0.91). Having a native Swedish partner increased the use of EDA in immigrant women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EDA use during labor varies more by maternal country of origin than by socio-economic factors. This suggests that expectations of care from the country of origin continue to influence the use of EDA after immigration to Sweden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Reproductive and Perinatal Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. cecilia.ekeus@ki.se
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ekéus
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cnattingius
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001724:Birth Weight; D001827:Body Height; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D048949:Labor Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D012042:Registries; D013548:Sweden