title: Acute temperature resistance threshold in heart mitochondria: Febrile temperature activates function but exceeding it collapses the membrane barrier.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Molecular mechanisms underlying hyperthermia-induced cellular injury are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to identify the components of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation affected by mild hyperthermia and to quantify the contribution of each component to changes in system behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Temperature effects on the oxidative phosphorylation in isolated rat-heart mitochondria were assessed using modular kinetic analysis. Mitochondrial H(2)O(2) production and lipid peroxidation were measured for estimation of temperature-induced oxidative damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase of temperature in the febrile range (40 degrees C) slightly activated mitochondrial function through stimulation of the respiratory module, without affecting the kinetics of the proton leak and phosphorylation modules. At 42 degrees C, state 3 respiration rate remained unchanged, the proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane was substantially increased, the respiratory module slightly inhibited, leading to decreased membrane potential (Deltapsi) and diminished ATP synthesis (16% lower phosphorylation flux). Increase of temperature above 42 degrees C caused dissipation of Deltapsi and abolishment of ATP synthesis indicating complete uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. The changes in mitochondrial functions induced by incubation at 42 degrees C were completely reversible in contrast to only partial recovery after incubation at higher temperature (45 degrees C). Furthermore, hyperthermia stimulated the production of H(2)O(2) and membrane lipid peroxidation with maximal rates observed at 40 degrees C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated for the first time that febrile temperature (40 degrees C) activates mitochondrial energy supplying functions, whereas further temperature increase by only a few degrees leads to severe impairment of mitochondrial ability to maintain DeltaPsi and synthesise ATP.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Environmental Research, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Rasa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zukiene
authors.forename: Zita
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nauciene
authors.forename: Jolita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ciapaite
authors.forename: Vida
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mildaziene
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005334:Fever / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000502:physiology; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide