title: Overnutrition and maternal obesity in sheep pregnancy alter the JNK-IRS-1 signaling cascades and cardiac function in the fetal heart.
abstract: Maternal obesity in pregnancy predisposes offspring to insulin resistance and associated cardiovascular disease. Here, we used a well-established sheep model to investigate the effects of maternal obesity on cardiac functions. Multiparous ewes were assigned to a control (CON) diet [100% of National Research Council (NRC) recommendations] or an obesogenic (OB) diet (150% of NRC recommendations) from 60 d before conception to necropsy on d 135 of pregnancy. Fetal blood glucose and insulin were increased (P<0.01, n=8) in OB (35.09+/-2.03 mg/dl and 3.40+/-1.43 microU/ml, respectively) vs. CON ewes (23.80+/-1.38 mg/dl and 0.769+/-0.256 microU/ml). Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cardioprotective signaling pathway, was reduced (P<0.05), while the stress signaling pathway, p38 MAPK, was up-regulated (P<0.05) in OB maternal and fetal hearts. Phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at Ser-307 were increased (P<0.05) in OB fetal heart associated with lower downstream PI3K-Akt activity (P<0.05), indicating impaired cardiac insulin signaling. Although OB fetal hearts exhibited a normal contractile function vs. CON fetal hearts during basal perfusion, they developed an impaired heart-rate-left-ventricular-developed pressure product in response to high workload stress. Taken together, fetuses of OB mothers demonstrate alterations in cardiac PI3K-Akt, AMPK, and JNK-IRS-1 signaling pathways that would predispose them to insulin resistance and cardiac dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
authors.forename: Jingying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Hanying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Gavin B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Lawlis
authors.forename: Yuanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mengwei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nijland
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Nathanielsz
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D044343:Overnutrition / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010641:Phenotype; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011247:Pregnancy; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases