title: Indicators as a tool for the evaluation of effective national implementation of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS).
abstract: This paper briefly outlines the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) and what is meant by GHS implementation in terms of policy-related information for decision-makers plus a framework of actions to enable such policies to be effectively undertaken. The paper discusses the need for simple indicators to measure progress with GHS implementation. Two groups of indicators have been described that comprehensively reflect basic components of GHS implementation. The first group was presented as aggregated indicators or indices, for national capability evaluation. Indicators to evaluate management performance linked to stated objectives were presented as the second group. Information from an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) published questionnaire on GHS implementation and a questionnaire by the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety (IFCS) on chemical safety that included GHS have provided the basic information for applying the management capability indicators approach. Through the use of information in these two questionnaires, country-relevant and regional progress with GHS implementation was illustrated. Despite the GHS implementation target of 2008 set by the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, very few countries have reported they have achieved this target. The simple management indicators proposed in this paper are based on adoption of a questionnaire and a numerical scoring system that could be used to chart progress towards GHS implementation. It was concluded, therefore, that the use of indicators as described in this paper does provide a quick survey of the overall situation in a country and facilitates comparison between countries across regions in terms of GHS implementation. Furthermore such results may indicate which countries require additional assistance with GHS implementation thus strengthening policies and actions across all sectors and involving governments, business, trade, and civil society.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. peter.peterson@flinders.edu.au
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Mazlin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: bin Mokhtar
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krueger
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D033161:Government Regulation; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification; D007391:International Cooperation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification; D011356:Product Labeling / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods*; D011640:Public Policy; D017751:Safety Management / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D013019:South Africa; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014480:United Nations
chemical_list: D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D009930:Organic Chemicals