title: Effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine using a 2+1 infant schedule in Quebec, Canada.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the province of Quebec, Canada, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is offered to all children aged less than 5 years, and a 2+1 schedule (2, 4, and 12 months) is recommended for low-risk infants, with other schedules including a lower number of doses for older children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate PCV effectiveness against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  IPD cases in children aged 2-59 months and reported during the years 2005-2007 were eligible and uninfected controls were randomly identified in the provincial health insurance registry. Parents were interviewed by telephone and immunization records were reviewed. The PCV effectiveness was computed using unconditional logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  180 IPD cases (60.4% of total reported) and 897 controls were included. Predictors of IPD risk were age, season, high-risk medical conditions, day-care attendance, and low family income. Overall PCV protection (> or =1 dose) against IPD caused by any serotype was 60% (95% CI: 38%-75%), and was 92% (83%-96%) against IPD caused by vaccine serotypes. Among low-risk children who received the recommended 2+1 schedule, 6 cases of vaccine failure occurred after the first dose, 1 case after the second dose, and no cases after the booster dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm the effectiveness of PCV after 2 and 3 doses.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Research Unit, Quebec University Hospital Research Centre, Quebec City, Canada.
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deceuninck
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Wals
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boulianne
authors.forename: Gaston
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Serres
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D011792:Quebec; D012307:Risk Factors; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate