title: Hybrid notes: incisionless intragastric stapled cystgastrostomy of a pancreatic pseudocyst.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present a case report of a novel hybrid natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). The operation performed was a transgastric cystgastrostomy with endoscopic guidance for a pancreatic pseudocyst. This operation was completed entirely through an existing gastrostomy site with no incisions, thus avoiding the peritoneal cavity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a case of a 7-year-old boy with neurologic impairment from congenital herpes simplex virus encephalitis who is tube fed. He had acute pancreatitis and developed a 9 cm pancreatic pseudocyst. The pseudocyst failed to resolve after 6 weeks and developed a mature wall. Due to a history of multiple abdominal surgeries and known abdominal adhesions, a minimally invasive approach that would avoid entering the peritoneal cavity was the desired approach. The technique involved a trans-oral endoscope for visualization and the use of the gastrostomy as access to the gastric lumen and pseudocyst. The pancreatic pseudocyst was stabilized with two T-fasteners and confirmed with needle aspiration under endoscopic visualization. The pseudocyst was then opened with the LigaSure (Valleylab, Boulder, CO). The cystgastrostomy anastomosis was completed with an Endopath ETS-Flex Articulating Linear Stapler/Cutter (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc, Cincinnati, OH). The operation took less than 2 hours and was completed without an incision. Under the policies of the Human Research Protection Program, review of a single case is outside the scope of the definition of human subjects research and does not require institutional review board review and approval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient did well postoperatively and had a dramatic reduction in size of the pancreatic pseudocyst to 3.5 cm by 2 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hybrid NOTES cystgastrostomy performed through an existing gastrocutaneous fistula is an excellent approach for minimally invasive drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts.
authors.affiliation: Baystate Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Springfield, MA 01103, USA.
authors.forename: Connie J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Moriarty
authors.forename: Anastasios G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Angelides
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D010192:Pancreatic Pseudocyst / Q000601:surgery*; D017792:Surgical Stapling / Q000379:methods*