Development of infants' request expressions from 11 to 15 months.
Between 10 and 15 months of age, infants seem to become increasingly communicative. The focus of this study was changes in request behavior among infants at ages 11, 13, and 15 months (N = 22) in a longitudinal design. Changes in durations and frequencies of four different modes of behavior were examined, namely, use of hands, eye gaze, facial expression, and vocalization. Both frequencies and durations of the behaviors expressing requests increased with age, while those of nonrequest behaviors showed a different trend. Also investigated were changes in temporal coordination of different request modes. A greater number of infants used greater combinations of co-occurring modes when they were older than when they were younger.
Kutsuki
Aya
A
Psychology Laboratory, Department of Letters, Kyoto University, and Japan Science and Technology, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. aya.kutsuki@bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Ogura
Tamiko
T
Egami
Sonoko
S
Itakura
Shoji
S
D001288:Attention; D002657:Child Development; D002663:Child Language; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D002666:Psychology, Child