title: Altered spontaneous low frequency brain activity in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resting brain activity appears altered in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The default mode interference hypothesis (Sonuga-Barke and Castellanos, 2007) postulates that patterns of spontaneous very low frequency brain activity, typical of the resting brain, cause attention lapses in ADHD when they remain unattenuated following the transition from rest to active task performance. Here we test this hypothesis using DC-EEG.
  
  
  METHODS
  DC-EEG recordings of very low frequency brain activity (<1.5Hz) were compared for 16 male children with ADHD and 16 healthy controls during both rest and active task performance (two choice reaction time task).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A previously identified very low frequency resting network of electrodes was replicated. At rest ADHD children showed less EEG power in very low frequency bands (i.e., .02-.2Hz). They also showed less attenuation of power at these frequency bands during rest-to-task transition. Reduced attenuation was associated with a number of measures of performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirmed the existence of altered very low frequency brain activity in ADHD. ADHD children may have deficits both in maintaining a resting brain when needed and 'protecting' an active brain from the intrusion of resting state brain activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disorders for Impulse and Attention, Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Suzannah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Helps
authors.forename: Samantha J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Broyd
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karl
authors.forename: Wai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Edmund J S
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sonuga-Barke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis