title: Aligned bioactive multi-component nanofibrous nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: The ability to mimic the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the natural extra-cellular matrix is a key requirement for tissue engineering scaffolds to be successful. In this study, we successfully fabricated aligned nanofibrous multi-component scaffolds for bone tissue engineering using electrospinning. The chemical features were mimicked by using the natural components of bone: collagen and nano-hydroxyapatite along with poly[(D,L-lactide)-co-glycolide] as the major component. Anisotropic features were mimicked by aligning the nanofibers using a rotating mandrel collector. We evaluated the effect of incorporation of nano-HA particles to the system. The morphology and mechanical properties revealed that,at low concentrations, nano-HA acted as a reinforcement. However, at higher nano-HA loadings, it was difficult to disrupt aggregations and, hence, a detrimental effect was observed on the overall scaffold properties. Thermal analysis showed that there were slight interactions between the individual components even though the polymers existed as a two-phase system. Preliminary in vitro cell-culture studies revealed that the scaffold supported cell adhesion and spreading. The cells assumed a highly aligned morphology along the direction of fiber orientation. Protein adsorption experiments revealed that the synergistic effect of increased surface area and the presence of nano-HA in the polymer matrix enhanced total protein adsorption. Crosslinking with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride resulted in improved mechanical properties of the scaffolds and improved degradation stability, under physiological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. moncyvj@uab.edu
authors.forename: Moncy V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Jose
authors.forename: Vinoy
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bellis
authors.forename: Elijah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nyairo
authors.forename: Derrick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dean
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002021:Buffers; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D005022:Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide / Q000737:chemistry; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D044967:Serum / Q000378:metabolism; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013718:Tensile Strength; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism; D019096:Vitronectin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002021:Buffers; D005353:Fibronectins; D019096:Vitronectin; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite; D014357:Trypsin; D005022:Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide