title: Drinking and flying: does alcohol consumption affect the flight and echolocation performance of phyllostomid bats?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the wild, frugivorous and nectarivorous bats often eat fermenting fruits and nectar, and thus may consume levels of ethanol that could induce inebriation. To understand if consumption of ethanol by bats alters their access to food and general survival requires examination of behavioural responses to its ingestion, as well as assessment of interspecific variation in those responses. We predicted that bats fed ethanol would show impaired flight and echolocation behaviour compared to bats fed control sugar water, and that there would be behavioural differences among species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We fed wild caught Artibeus jamaicensis, A. lituratus, A. phaeotis, Carollia sowelli, Glossophaga soricina, and Sturnira lilium (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) sugar water (44 g of table sugar in 500 ml of water) or sugar water with ethanol before challenging them to fly through an obstacle course while we simultaneously recorded their echolocation calls. We used bat saliva, a non-invasive proxy, to measure blood ethanol concentrations ranging from 0 to >0.3% immediately before flight trials. Flight performance and echolocation behaviour were not significantly affected by consumption of ethanol, but species differed in their blood alcohol concentrations after consuming it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bats we studied display a tolerance for ethanol that could have ramifications for the adaptive radiation of frugivorous and nectarivorous bats by allowing them to use ephemeral food resources over a wide span of time. By sampling across phyllostomid genera, we show that patterns of apparent ethanol tolerance in New World bats are broad, and thus may have been an important early step in the evolution of frugivory and nectarivory in these animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Dara N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Orbach
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Veselka
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dzal
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lazure
authors.forename: M Brock
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Fenton
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D004455:Echolocation / Q000187:drug effects*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005426:Flight, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol