title: Growth patterns during childhood and the relationship with acylation-stimulating protein.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) is an adipose tissue-derived hormone, which stimulates glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) uptake into adipocytes. Changes in ASP metabolism are associated with alterations in lipid metabolism. As postnatal catch-up growth has been associated with dyslipidaemia in later life, we investigated the association between ASP and birth size, adult size and different growth patterns during childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The associations were investigated by multiple regression analyses in 285 young adults, aged 18-24. Subsequently, differences in ASP were analysed in four clinically relevant subgroups, young adults either born small for gestational age with short stature (SGA-S) or with catch-up growth (SGA-CU), or born appropriate for gestational age with idiopathic short stature (ISS) or with normal stature (controls).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight gain during childhood, particularly fat accumulation, was positively related to ASP levels in early adulthood, independent of birth size, age and gender. Foetal growth, reflected by birth size, was not related to ASP levels. Between the subgroups, no differences in ASP were found, but SGA-CU and ISS subjects had significantly higher levels of FFA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exaggerated weight gain during childhood, but not foetal growth, contributes to alterations in ASP metabolism, which may be associated with impaired FFA uptake and delayed triglycerides clearance. Therefore, exaggerated weight gain during childhood should be prevented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. r.leunissen@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: R W J
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Leunissen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cianflone
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stijnen
authors.forename: A C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hokken-Koelega
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D049628:Body Size / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D003176:Complement C3; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C038245:C3 protein, human; D003176:Complement C3; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008055:Lipids