title: Comparison of the 'Denver regimen' against acute tuberculosis in the mouse and guinea pig.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we sought to compare the sterilizing activity of human-equivalent doses of the 'Denver regimen' against acute tuberculosis (TB) infection in the standard mouse model and in the guinea pig.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacokinetic studies in guinea pigs were used to establish human-equivalent doses for rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide. Guinea pigs and mice were aerosol-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 and treatment was started 2 weeks later with rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide for up to 6 months. For the first 2 weeks of therapy, the dosing frequency was 5 days/week, and for the remaining period, twice weekly. Treatment was discontinued in groups of 30 mice and 10 guinea pigs at 5 months and at 6 months, and these animals were held for a further 3 months in order to assess relapse rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Guinea pig lungs became culture-negative after 3 months of predominantly twice-weekly treatment and relapse rates were 0% (0/10) both after 5 months and after 6 months of treatment. In contrast, all mice remained culture-positive despite 6 months of the same treatment, and 93% (28/30) and 69% (20/29) of mice relapsed after treatment for 5 and 6 months, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide administered at human-equivalent doses is much more potent against acute TB infection in guinea pigs than in mice. Our findings have important implications for the use of alternative animal models in testing novel TB drug regimens and for modelling M. tuberculosis persistence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Zahoor
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Nuermberger
authors.forename: Rokeya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tasneen
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pinn
authors.forename: Kathy N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Peloquin
authors.forename: Jacques H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Grosset
authors.forename: Petros C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Karakousis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012293:Rifampin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D011718:Pyrazinamide; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin