title: An unbiased prospective report of perioperative complications of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze and classified our single-institution experience with the perioperative complications associated with robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 239 patients with a mean age of 60.6 years were evaluated (January 2007 to June 2008). Data were collected through an institutional review board-approved blinded prospective database by an independent third party committee. The data-points accrued were set forth by a 5-member panel including 3 robotic urological surgeons (J. R., G. H., G. P.), the chief of general surgery (H. S.), and a member of the hospital's outcomes committee. The Modified Clavien system was used to grade complications, with grade I and II representing minor and grade III, IV, and V major complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of our 239 patients, 198 (82.9%) had an uneventful postoperative course, defined as discharged home from the hospital within 2 days postoperatively with no unscheduled procedures/studies/hospital admissions or emergency room visits. On review of the remaining 41 patients, 55 complications were found. Of these, 24 were grade I, 17 grade II, 7 grade IIIa, 5 grade IIIb, 1 grade IVa, and 1 grade V complications. There was 1 perioperative mortality (0.4%) attributed to a pulmonary embolism on autopsy. Blood loss data revealed 1 (0.4%) intraoperative transfusion and 9 (3.8%) postoperative transfusions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RALRP is associated with major and minor complication rates of 5.0% and 14.6%, respectively. Prospective and blinded data on complications associated with RALRP are lacking in the published data. Our prospective, unbiased data provide an important tool to help counsel patients on complications associated with robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lasser
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Renzulli
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Turini
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haleblian
authors.forename: Harry C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Sax
authors.forename: Gyan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pareek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D012371:Robotics