title: Substance misuse among older patients in psychiatric emergency service.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of substance misuse among older patients presented to a psychiatric emergency service (PES) on involuntary bases.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the time of initial presentation to the PES, all patients received a comprehensive assessment that included a urine toxicology screening. The screening consisted of six substances: barbiturate, benzodiazepine, cocaine, opiate, phencyclidine and amphetamine. Charts of elderly patients (aged 65 and above) with positive urine toxicology were reviewed to ensure that the results were not due to (1) home medications and (2) medications given in the PES.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 2-year study period (2006-2007), there were 5914 patients under the age of 65 and 104 patients aged 65 and above. Our findings indicated that 471 (8.0%) and 14 (13.4%) urine toxicology screens were not collected during the PES visits in younger and older patients, respectively (P=.04). The positive urine toxicology rate was 31.5% (1716/5443) and 26.7% (24/90) for younger and older patients, respectively (P=.33).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substance misuse in the older population presenting with psychiatric emergency is prevalent in the PES. Urine toxicology screens, as well as patient or collateral report of substance usages, should be obtained from this group of patients to ensure quality of care delivered at the PES.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. bkpwoo@gmail.com
authors.forename: Benjamin K P
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Weilu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004637:Emergency Services, Psychiatric; D005260:Female; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine