title: Recurrent urinary tract infections in an infant with antenatal Bartter syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  antenatal variant of Bartter syndrome is characterized by a history of polyhydramnios, premature birth, metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, polyuria and renal salt wasting. In this report we present a premature female baby with antenatal Barter syndrome who had three episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI), without evidence for congenital anomaly of the kidneys or urinary tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  antenatal Bartter syndrome was diagnosed according to the standard criteria. Ultrasound scan and voiding cystourethrography were performed to exclude congenital anomaly of the kidneys and urinary tract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the baby presented with early hyperkalemia and acidosis. The typical biochemical features of the Bartter syndrome were observed in the second month. Despite appropriate treatment she had persistent hypercalciuria. The clinical course was complicated with recurrent episodes of febrile UTIs. Urinary tract system imaging did not demonstrate congenital anomalies. She finally died of severe dehydration, acidosis and renal failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  since no congenital anomaly of the kidneys or urinary tract was demonstrated in our patient, we believe that severe, persistent hypercalciuria is the most important risk factor for development of recurrent UTIs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, Skopje, Macedonia. vtasic2003@gmail.com
authors.forename: Velibor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tasic
authors.forename: Liljana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pota
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gucev
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000209:etiology; D001477:Bartter Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053565:Hypercalciuria / Q000209:etiology; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D064466:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 1; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D064466:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 1