title: Establishment of a cisplatin-induced multidrug resistance cell line SK-Hep1/DDP.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in the chemotherapy of cancer patients. The aim of this study was to establish a mutidrug-resistant cell line SK-Hep1/DDP and explore its molecular mechanism of the MDR.
  
  
  METHODS
  SK-Hep1/DDP cell line was induced by pulse treatment using a high concentration of cisplatin (DDP) in vitro. The chemoresistance indexes of cells were evaluated by CCK-8 assays. The protein of MDR1 (ABCB1), MRP1 (ABCC1), MRP2 (ABCC2) and Bax were detected by Western blotting, and the effect of MDR1 inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) on expression of MDR1 proteins in SK-Hep1 and SK-Hep1/DDP cell lines. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the distribution of the cell cycle and cell apoptosis ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SK-Hep1/DDP cells were 13.76 times more resistant to DDP in comparison with SK-Hep1 cells, and SK-Hep1/DDP cells also exhibited cross-resistance to many other chemotherapeutic agents (adramycin and 5-fuorouracil). MDR1, MRP1, and MRP2 protein expressions were significantly higher in the SK-Hep1/DDP than in the SK-Hep1 (P < 0. 01), but Bax was lower in the SK-Hep1/DDP than in the SK-Hep1(P < 0. 01). There was no obvious influence between SK-Hep1 and SK-Hep1/DDP cells in the expression of MDR1 by MDR1 inhibtor CsA (P > 0. 05). The percentages of cells in G(2)/M and S phase were significantly increased in SK-Hep1/DDP in comparison with those in SK-Hep1 [(20.67 +/- 5.69)% vs. (12.14 +/- 3.36)%; (42.20 +/- 2.65)% vs. (27.91 +/- 2.16)%; P < 0. 01]. After the cells were exposed to 10 μg/mL DDP for 24 h, the cell apoptosis rate of SK-Hep1/DDP was decreased in comparison with SK-Hep1, but it was increased in those with pretreatment of MDR1 inhibitor CsA as compared with those without pretreatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reliable multi-drug resistant human hepatoma cell line SK-Hep1/DDP is successfully established. The MDR mechanisms of this cell lines are closely related to the over-expression of MDR1 MRP1 and MRP2, lower expression of Bax and the attenuated cell apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xian-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014750:Vincristine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin; D016572:Cyclosporine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D014750:Vincristine; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C000715087:ABCC2 protein, human; C421109:multidrug resistance-associated protein 1