title: In utero repair of gastroschisis in the sheep (Ovis aries) model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastroschisis is associated with inflammatory changes in the exposed bowel which leads to intestinal dysmotility after postnatal repair. The insult is a combined effect of amniotic fluid exposure and mechanical constriction. We hypothesized that in utero anatomic repair is possible in a sheep model, and that it may halt the inflammatory damage caused by both mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastroschisis was surgically created in mid-gestation (day 75) in 8 sheep fetuses. On gestational day 100, 2 fetuses underwent open fetal gastroschisis repair, where the eviscerated bowel was returned to the peritoneal cavity, and the abdominal wall was primarily closed. All fetuses were harvested at 135 days of gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six fetuses survived the initial operation, and both fetuses that underwent gastroschisis repair survived to term. At 100 and 135 days of gestation, the eviscerated bowel showed progressive signs of inflammation and peel development. The gross and microscopic inflammatory changes in the gastroschisis bowel at 100 days of gestation were completely resolved at term following in utero repair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In utero anatomic repair of gastroschisis is possible in mid-gestation in the fetal lamb model, and it appears to ameliorate the inflammatory process.
authors.affiliation: Fetal Treatment Center, Pediatric Surgery Department University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0570, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: Kullada O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Pichakron
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jancelewicz
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jamshidi
authors.forename: J Kevin
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Grayson
authors.forename: Kerilyn K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Nobuhara
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005332:Fetoscopy; D005333:Fetus / Q000601:surgery*; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005865:Gestational Age; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011247:Pregnancy; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D034561:Sheep, Domestic