title: Imaging of the meninges and the extra-axial spaces.
abstract: The separate meningeal layers and extraaxial spaces are complex and can only be differentiated by pathologic processes on imaging. Differentiation of the location of such processes can be achieved using different imaging modalities. In this pictorial review we address the imaging techniques, enhancement and location patterns, and disease spread that will promote accurate localization of the pathology, thus improving accuracy of diagnosis. Typical and unusual magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound imaging findings of many conditions affecting these layers and spaces are described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom. olgakirmi@nhs.net
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kirmi
authors.forename: Fintan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sheerin
authors.forename: Neel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008578:Meninges / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods