title: Protective effect of emodin against lipopolysaccharides-induced corneal injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of emodin on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced corneal injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three parallel incisions on the central surface of corneal epithelium were made and LPS was applied on them to induce corneal injury in Wistar rats. All rats were randomly divided into emodin group (n=40) and keratitis group (n=40). Rats in the emodin group received subconjunctival injection of emodin and rats in the keratitis group received its vehicle 30 minutes before LPS exposure. At different time points--1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after LPS exposure, the symptoms of all rats were observed and the severity of their ocular inflammation was examined with a slit lamp microscope, then 8 rats in each group were killed through cervical dislocation and their eyes were enucleated and prepared to observe pathological changes of corneal tissue under a light microscope. The activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) under different conditions was determined by Western blot. Immunocytochemistry staining with an antibody against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was performed to identify positive cells in corneal tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model of acute keratitis was successfully established in Wistar rats. LPS could induce a typical corneal inflammatory response, such as hyperemia, corneal edema and opacity, which were observed in model rats. Compared with keratitis group, both ocular behaviors and damages of the corneal structure were improved in emodin group. Furthermore, the activation of NF-kappaB and the expression of ICAM-1 induced by LPS were markedly inhibited in emodin group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emodin can inhibit the activation of NF-kappaB and the expression of ICAM-1 induced by LPS in corneas, protect against acute corneal injury, and improve symptoms in rats.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Center/Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China. cgl7198@163.com
authors.forename: Guo-ling
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhi-yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Lu-wan
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yan-li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004642:Emodin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D007634:Keratitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D004642:Emodin