title: The HIV epidemic in Yunnan Province, China, 1989-2007.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the characteristics and trends in the HIV epidemic in Yunnan province, China, between 1989 and 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical analysis of serological data from voluntary testing and counseling sites, medical case reports, mass screenings, sentinel surveillance, and other sources.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By 2007, a cumulative total of 57,325 cases of HIV infection were reported in Yunnan, and unsafe drug injection practices and unsafe sexual behaviors were identified as the dominant modes of transmission. HIV affects injecting drug users most, particularly in Jingpo, Dai, and Yi ethnicities, more than 40% in 7 counties. HIV prevalence rates among female sex workers (FSWs) increased from 0.5% in 1995 to 4.0% in 2007; among men who have sex with men, from 4.0% in 2005 to 13.2% in 2007; among male clients of FSWs, from 0% in 1995-1997 to 1.8% in 2007; among male sexually transmitted disease clinic attendees, from 0% in 1992 to 2.1% in 2007; among pregnant women from 0.16% in 1992 to 0.5% in 2007; and among blood donors, from 0.0075% in 1992 to 0.084% in 2007.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HIV epidemic in Yunnan has progressed to a concentrated epidemic. Future efforts must focus on not only groups at risk for primary infection (injecting drug users, men who have sex with men, and FSWs) but also on their low-risk sexual partners.
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Center for AIDS/STD Transmitted Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: Manhong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Hongbing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jiangyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jiyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Liru
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zunyou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D021841:Safe Sex; D011477:Sex Work; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous; D013997:Time Factors