title: ABCG1 deficiency in mice promotes endothelial activation and monocyte-endothelial interactions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activated endothelium and increased monocyte-endothelial interactions in the vessel wall are key early events in atherogenesis. ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters play important roles in regulating sterol homeostasis in many cell types. Endothelial cells (EC) have a high capacity to efflux sterols and express the ABC transporter, ABCG1. Here, we define the role of ABCG1 in the regulation of lipid homeostasis and inflammation in aortic EC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using EC isolated from ABCG1-deficient mice (ABCG1 KO), we observed reduced cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoprotein compared to C57BL/6 (B6) EC. However, total cholesteryl ester levels were not changed in ABCG1 KO EC. Secretions of KC, MCP-1, and IL-6 by ABCG1 KO EC were significantly increased, and surface expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin were increased several-fold on ABCG1 KO EC. Concomitant with these findings, we observed a 4-fold increase in monocyte adhesion to the intact aortic endothelium of ABCG1 KO mice ex vivo and to isolated aortic EC from these mice in vitro. In a gain-of-function study in vitro, restoration of ABCG1 expression in ABCG1 KO EC reduced monocyte-endothelial interactions. Utilizing pharmacological inhibitors for STAT3 and the IL-6 receptor, we found that blockade of STAT3 and IL-6 receptor signaling in ABCG1 KO EC completely abrogated monocyte adhesion to ABCG1 KO endothelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ABCG1 deficiency in aortic endothelial cells activates endothelial IL-6-IL-6 receptor-STAT3 signaling, thereby increasing monocyte-endothelial interactions and vascular inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Whetzel
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sturek
authors.forename: Melissa H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nagelin
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Bolick
authors.forename: Abraham K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gebre
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: Anthony C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Marcus D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Skaflen
authors.forename: Catherine C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hedrick
mesh_terms: D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000378:metabolism; D002633:Chemotaxis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C487540:ABCG1 protein, mouse; D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; C475895:Cxcl1 protein, mouse; D019040:E-Selectin; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008074:Lipoproteins; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002784:Cholesterol