title: Comparative study of atherosclerotic parameters in Mongolian and Japanese patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiovascular disease is becoming increasingly more problematic in Mongolia. The cardioankle vascular index (CAVI) and circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) are new atherosclerosis-related parameters, but no comparative studies of atherosclerotic parameters including CAVI and CRP are available between Mongolian and Japanese populations, such as disease populations of hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Our study objective was to examine atherosclerotic profiles in HT and DM patients in both countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a hospital-based population, 156 Mongolian outpatients with HT and DM (men: 46%, mean age: 57.1 years) and 156 age- and sex-matched Japanese outpatients with HT and DM (men: 46%, age: 57.7) were recruited. Body mass index (BMI), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), pulse pressure (PP), ankle-brachial index (ABI), ultrasonographic carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), blood total cholesterol (T-Cho), glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured, in addition to CAVI and CRP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of BMI, HR, BP, PP, insulin and IMT were significantly higher and T-Cho and glucose were significantly lower in the Mongolian patients in comparison to the Japanese patients. Particularly, the levels of CAVI (mean+/-SD) (8.1+/-1.1 vs. 8.8+/-1.2) and CRP(median[interquartile range])(0.05[0.03-0.12]vs. 0.19[0.09-0.42]mg/dL)were significantly higher in Mongolian than Japanese patients. These significant differences remained unchanged, even after taking into account multiple variables, including BP and HOMA-IR. In addition, except for CAVI in the subgroup of DM, generally similar trends regarding atherosclerotic parameters were seen in the subgroup by sex and disease (HT, DM and HT plus DM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that Mongolian patients with HT and DM may be at higher risk for cardiovascular disease than Japanese patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuumarjav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uurtuya
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kotani
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Kazuomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kario
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Mikihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Nyamdavaa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khurelbaatar
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Tserenkhuu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lkhagvasuren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008986:Mongolia; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein