title: Reading errors typology of Brazilian students considered good readers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assessment of oral reading.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to characterize, according to the variables of public or private school and literacy, the types of errors in word reading presented by typical elementary/middle school students considered competent readers by their teachers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants of this study were 151 students with ages ranging between 8 and 12 years, from the 4th to the 7th grade of public and private schools. The students read a list of 38 words. The oral readings were transcribed and the errors analyzed according to their frequency. The frequency of errors was calculated based on the possibilities of errors presented by the used word list.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obtained results gave evidence to the errors presented by typical students of both public and private schools from all of the tested grades. There was a statistically significant progressive reduction in errors of orthographic decoding according to literacy (p<0.0001). Considering the groups, students from private schools presented fewer errors of global orthographic decoding when compared to students from public schools (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that reading errors are part of the learning process of orthographic decoding rules. These errors are progressively overcome with literacy. The domain of orthographic decoding independent of the context occurred more prematurely than that which is dependent of the grapheme context.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. clara@clarabrandaodeavila.fnd.br
authors.forename: Clara Regina Brandão de
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: Adriana de Souza Batista
authors.initials: Ade S
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.forename: Carolina Alves Ferreira de
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Juliana Faleiros
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Paolucci
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D017149:Private Sector; D017150:Public Sector; D011932:Reading; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*