title: Protection of podocytes from hyperhomocysteinemia-induced injury by deletion of the gp91phox gene.
abstract: In this study, mice lacking the gp91(phox) gene were used to address the role of NADPH oxidase in hyperhomocysteinemia-induced podocyte injury. It was found that a folate-free diet increased plasma homocysteine levels, but failed to increase O(2)(-) production in the glomeruli from gp91(phox) gene knockout (gp91(-/-)) mice, compared with wild-type (gp91(+/+)) mice. Proteinuria and glomerular damage index (GDI) were significantly lower, whereas the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was higher in gp91(-/-) than in gp91(+/+) mice when they were on the folate-free diet (urine albumin excretion, 21.23+/-1.88 vs 32.86+/-4.03 microg/24 h; GDI, 1.17+/-0.18 vs 2.59+/-0.49; and GFR, 53.01+/-4.69 vs 40.98+/-1.44 microl/min). Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced decrease in nephrin expression and increase in desmin expression in gp91(+/+) mice were not observed in gp91(-/-) mice. Morphologically, foot process effacement and podocyte loss due to hyperhomocysteinemia were significantly attenuated in gp91(-/-) mice. In in vitro studies of podocytes, homocysteine was found to increase gp91(phox) expression and O2(*)(-) generation, which was substantially inhibited by gp91(phox) siRNA. Functionally, homocysteine-induced decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor-A production was abolished by gp91(phox) siRNA or diphenyleneiodonium, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor. These results suggest that the functional integrity of NADPH oxidase is essential for hyperhomocysteinemia-induced podocyte injury and glomerulosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jun-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Krishna M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Boini
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Brimson
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Laperle
authors.forename: Pin-Lan
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000503:physiopathology; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics*; D050199:Podocytes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C488842:Cybb protein, mouse; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases