title: Prenatal steroids for microcystic congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of prenatal steroid treatment in fetuses with sonographically diagnosed congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations (CCAMs).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an institutional review board-approved retrospective review of 372 patients referred to the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), for fetal CCAM. Inclusion criteria were (1) a predominately microcystic CCAM lesion sonographically diagnosed at our institution, (2) maternal administration of a single course of prenatal corticosteroids (betamethasone), and (3) no fetal surgery. CCAM volume-to-head ratio (CVR), presence of hydrops, mediastinal shift, and diaphragm eversion were assessed before and after administration of betamethasone. The primary end points were survival to birth and neonatal discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients with predominantly microcystic CCAMs were treated with prenatal steroids. Three were excluded because of lack of follow-up information. All remaining fetuses (13/13) survived to delivery and 11/13 (84.6%) survived to neonatal discharge. At the time of steroid administration, all patients had CVR greater than 1.6, and 9 (69.2%) also had nonimmune hydrops fetalis. After a course of steroids, CVR decreased in 8 (61.5%) of the 13 patients, and hydrops resolved in 7 (77.8%) of the 9 patients with hydrops. The 2 patients whose hydrops did not resolve with steroid treatment did not survive to discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In high-risk fetal patients with predominantly microcystic CCAM lesions, betamethasone is an effective treatment. This series is a pilot study for a prospective randomized trial comparing treatment of CCAM with betamethasone to placebo.
authors.affiliation: The Fetal Treatment Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Jelin
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rand
authors.forename: Shinjiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Vickie A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Feldstein
authors.forename: Ruth B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Hanmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001623:Betamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015615:Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D046128:Fetal Therapies / Q000379:methods*; D005865:Gestational Age; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015160:Hydrops Fetalis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D001623:Betamethasone