title: [Out-patient and in-hospital palliative care in Germany : Comparison with emergency medical care infrastructure].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Germany, specialized out-patient palliative care systems (SPCS) are still structurally and organizationally under construction. Palliative care patients need an easy access to a qualified SPCS. The purpose of the present investigation was to show the nationwide distribution of all SPCS teams in comparison to the distribution of emergency medical systems. Possibilities for an effective structure of palliative medical care systems will be discussed in order to optimize patient care..
  
  
  METHODS
  All SPCS teams in Germany (according to the Guide to hospices and palliative medicine of the German Association for Palliative Care 2008/2009) were documented. A cartographic representation of the structural distribution of palliative care systems was made taking a catchment area diameter of 50 km for each SPCS team and an accessibility diameter of 20 km for every palliative ward into account. These data were compared with the nationwide distribution of emergency institutions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Germany 25 SPCS teams and 198 palliative wards could be identified. In contrast there are 1,109 emergency physician locations (1,051 ground based, 58 air based). The nationwide distribution of the existing SPCS teams does not at present give exhaustive coverage in comparison to emergency medical structures. No structure which might potentially result in an exhaustive implementation of SPCS teams and palliative stations is recognizable in the analysis or distribution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The coverage of SPCS and in-hospital palliative care is still a theoretical construct in many regions of Germany. The number of existing SPCS teams and in-patient palliative institutions is insufficient to guarantee an exhaustive coverage of patient care as in emergency medical services. In order to achieve a higher quality of results the quality of the structure and processes must first be ensured. The distribution of palliative care should be centrally coordinated along the same lines as the emergency institutions in order to achieve a need-oriented exhaustive coverage. A surplus of care in some regions at the expense of an undersupply in other regions must be avoided. In the next step a further development and adaption of existing structures to the requirements would be a logical approach.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Deutschland. christoph.wiese@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: C H R
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wiese
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Zausig
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vormelker
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orso
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Hanekop
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005858:Germany; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006738:Hospices / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D006748:Hospital Departments; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D012955:Societies, Medical