title: Morphologic and cytokine profile characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in calves with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency.
abstract: The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium-induced ruminant and human enteritis and diarrhea has yet to be characterized with in vivo models. To address this question, the in vivo bovine ligated ileal loop model of nontyphoidal salmonellosis was used in calves with the naturally occurring bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) mutation whose neutrophils are unable to extravasate and infiltrate the extravascular matrix. Data obtained from 4 BLAD Holstein calves homozygous for BLAD (CD18-), 1 to 5 weeks of age, were compared with 4 controls, age-matched Holstein calves negative for BLAD (CD18+). Morphologic studies revealed that infection of CD18- calves with S Typhimurium resulted in no significant tissue infiltration by neutrophils, less tissue damage, reduced luminal fluid accumulation, and increased bacterial invasion, when compared with CD18+ calves. Ultrastructurally, lesions in enterocytes induced by S Typhimurium infection in CD18- calves--including attachment and disruption of the brush border, apical membrane ruffling formation, and cellular degeneration--were similar to the ones reported in the literature for CD18- calves. Study of cytokine gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that early stages of acute infection (4-8 hours postinfection) were associated with increased interleukin 8 gene expression in the absence of tissue influx of neutrophils in CD18- calves, whereas later stages of infection (12 hours postinfection) were associated with increased expression of growth-related oncogene alpha in the presence of neutrophil influx in CD18+ calves. In contrast, the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha were poorly correlated with the presence or absence of tissue neutrophils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. jairo.nunes@covance.com
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lawhon
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rossetti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khare
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gull
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Burghardt
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bäumler
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tsolis
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Andrews-Polymenis
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018370:Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000662:veterinary; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000662:veterinary; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018821:CD18 Antigens; C475896:CXCL1 protein, Bos taurus; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012313:RNA