title: Kinetic analysis of evoked IPSCs discloses mechanism of antagonism of synaptic GABAA receptors by picrotoxin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although picrotoxin is a well-established antagonist of GABA(A) receptors, detailed studies of its action on inhibitory synaptic transmission have not previously been made.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electrophysiological techniques were used to study the action of picrotoxin on inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) evoked in hippocampal neurones, in culture and slice preparations prepared from Wistar rat embryos and juveniles, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Picrotoxin gradually reduced the amplitude of GABA(A) receptor-mediated eIPSCs in a concentration-dependent manner. This was accompanied by a marked acceleration of the eIPSC decay kinetics, which, in contrast to the effect on amplitude, developed immediately and was completely reversed on washing. The decaying phase of the IPSC could be resolved into two components; 30 microM picrotoxin reduced tau(fast) by 34% and increased its relative amplitude, while tau(slow) was reduced by 38%, and its relative amplitude decreased. The area under the decaying phase of the normalized eIPSC showed an immediate reduction by 36% in 30 microM picrotoxin. With increasing concentrations of picrotoxin, this normalized area converged towards 55% of the control, indicating that the rate of relaxation and block has a finite maximum. This implies that picrotoxin does not act by a pore-occluding mechanism (open-channel blocking), and suggests allosteric stabilization of desensitized receptor states as a more likely alternative. This was corroborated by modelling, based on two established microscopic GABA(A) receptor transition schemes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the identity of the stabilized state has not been determined unequivocally, picrotoxin effectively traps synaptic GABA(A) receptors in a desensitized state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1160, DK 8000 Arhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Korshoej
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: J D C
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D053444:Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects*; D007700:Kinetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010852:Picrotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010852:Picrotoxin; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter