title: External Qi of Yan Xin Qigong Induces apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion of estrogen-independent breast cancer cells through suppression of Akt/NF-kB signaling.
abstract: The antitumor effects of external Qi of Yan Xin Qigong (YXQ-EQ) have been widely described over the past three decades. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying YXQ-EQ's antitumor effects, in the present study we investigated its effects on growth, migration, invasion and apoptosis of breast cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We show that YXQ-EQ treatment caused a time-dependent reduction in viability, blocked clonogenic growth and induced apoptosis in estrogen-independent breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, YXQ-EQ treatment blocked migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Biochemically, YXQ-EQ treatment markedly inhibited constitutive and EGF-induced Akt phosphorylation. YXQ-EQ also substantially repressed NF-kappaB activity, resulting in decreased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), XIAP and survivin proteins. These findings suggest that YXQ-EQ may induce apoptosis and inhibition of migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells through the repression of Akt/NF-kappaB signaling.
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hongjian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Chengsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xinqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000077022:Survivin; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D004967:Estrogens; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D000077022:Survivin; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt