title: Breast cancer in women: evaluation of benign and malignant axillary lymph nodes with contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the value of contrast-enhanced US for differentiating between benign and malignant axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 120 axillary lymph nodes in 92 patients with breast cancer were studied. All patients underwent grayscale US examination, unenhanced and enhanced color and power Doppler US, and enhanced grayscale harmonic US examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean size of the 120 axillary lymph nodes was 1.5 cm (range 0.5 - 3.4 cm). Of all 120 axillary lymph nodes studied, 80 (67 %) were malignant and 40 (33 %) were benign according to pathological examination. The total number of vessels in baseline US did not increase between benign and malignant lymph nodes (3.3 +/- 2.2 vs. 5.4 +/- 4.0; p > 0.05). The total number of peripheral vessels was 0.5 +/- 0.8 for benign lymph nodes vs. 2.0 +/- 1.7 for malignant lymph nodes (p > 0.05). Enhanced US studies showed enhancement in both benign and malignant lymph nodes after contrast administration with a significantly higher degree of enhancement in malignant lymph nodes (p < 0.01). The total number of vessels was significantly higher in malignant lymph nodes after contrast administration (17.3 +/- 8.0 vs. 8.2 +/- 5.1, p < 0.01). Malignant lymph nodes demonstrated longer contrast enhancement duration compared to benign lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary data shows that contrast-enhanced US can differentiate between benign and malignant lymph nodes in breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Surgery, Community Hospital Reutte, Austria. ilona.steppan@gmx.at
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Steppan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reimer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Müller-Holzner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marth
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aigner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frauscher
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frede
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Zeimet
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001365:Axilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media