title: Polo-like kinase 4 kinase activity limits centrosome overduplication by autoregulating its own stability.
abstract: Accurate control of the number of centrosomes, the major microtubule-organizing centers of animal cells, is critical for the maintenance of genome integrity. Abnormalities in centrosome number can promote errors in spindle formation that lead to subsequent chromosome missegregation, and extra centrosomes are found in many cancers. Centrosomes are comprised of a pair of centrioles surrounded by amorphous pericentriolar material, and centrosome duplication is controlled by centriole replication. Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) plays a key role in initiating centriole duplication, and overexpression of Plk4 promotes centriole overduplication and the formation of extra centrosomes. Using chemical genetics, we show that kinase-active Plk4 is inherently unstable and targeted for degradation. Plk4 is shown to multiply self-phosphorylate within a 24-amino acid phosphodegron. Phosphorylation of multiple sites is required for Plk4 instability, indicating a requirement for a threshold level of Plk4 kinase activity to promote its own destruction. We propose that kinase-mediated, autoregulated instability of Plk4 self-limits Plk4 activity so as to prevent centrosome amplification.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Weijie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niessen
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: Don W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cleveland
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D000818:Animals; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D002502:Centrioles / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018385:Centrosome / Q000378:metabolism*; D004795:Enzyme Stability / Q000502:physiology; D020440:Gene Duplication; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010770:Phosphotransferases; C088051:Plk4 protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases