title: An evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of booklet-based self-management of dizziness in primary care, with and without expert telephone support.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dizziness is a very common symptom that often leads to reduced quality of life, anxiety and emotional distress, loss of fitness, lack of confidence in balance, unsteadiness and an increased risk of falling. Most dizzy patients are managed in primary care by reassurance and medication to suppress symptoms. Trials have shown that chronic dizziness can be treated effectively in primary care using a self-help booklet to teach patients vestibular rehabilitation exercises that promote neurological adaptation and skill and confidence in balance. However, brief support from a trained nurse was provided in these trials, and this model of managing dizzy patients has not been taken up due to a lack of skills and resources in primary care. The aim of this trial is to evaluate two new alternative models of delivery that may be more feasible and cost-effective.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a single blind two-centre pragmatic controlled trial, we will randomise 330 patients from 30 practices to a) self-help booklet with telephone support from a vestibular therapist, b) self-help booklet alone, c) routine medical care. Symptoms, disability, handicap and quality of life will be assessed by validated questionnaires administered by post at baseline, immediately post-treatment (3 months), and at one year follow-up. The study is powered to test our primary hypothesis, that the self-help booklet with telephone support will be more effective than routine care. We will also explore the effectiveness of the booklet without any support, and calculate the costs of treatment in each arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If our trial indicates that patients can cost-effectively manage their dizziness in primary care, then it can be easily rolled out to relieve the symptoms of the many patients in primary care who currently have chronic, untreated, disabling dizziness. Treatment in primary care may reduce the development of psychological and physical sequelae that cause handicap and require treatment. There is also the potential to reduce the cost to the NHS of treating dizziness by reducing demand for referral to secondary care for specialist assessment and treatment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov trial registration ID number: NCT00732797.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yardley
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raftery
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mullee