title: Peri-operative hyperglycemia: a consideration for general surgery?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraoperative hyperglycemia in cardiac and neurosurgical patients is significantly associated with morbidity. Little is known about the perioperative glycemic profile or its impact in other surgical populations or in nondiabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of blood glucose values during major general surgical procedures reported since 1980 was conducted. Data extracted included blood glucose measures, study sample size, gender distribution, age grouping, study purpose, surgical procedure, anesthetic details, and infusion regime. Excluded studies were those with subjects with diabetes insipidus, insulin-treated diabetes, renal or hepatic failure, adrenal gland tumors or dysfunction, pregnancy, and emergency or trauma surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood glucose levels rose significantly with the induction of anesthesia (P < .001) in nondiabetic patients. At incision, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours, 30%, 40%, 38%, and 40% of studies, respectively, reported hyperglycemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors that confound or protect against significant rises in perioperative glycemic levels in nondiabetic patients were identified. The findings facilitate investigating the impact of hyperglycemia on general surgical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. wendyb@surgery.cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Wendy F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: Ping Yin
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Alice P S
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Johnny Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Malcolm J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.forename: Juliana C N
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: C Andrew
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: van Hasselt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose