title: Interleukin-27 inhibits human osteoclastogenesis by abrogating RANKL-mediated induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 and suppressing proximal RANK signaling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin-27 (IL-27) has stimulatory and regulatory immune functions and is expressed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of IL-27 on human osteoclastogenesis, to determine whether IL-27 can stimulate or attenuate the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption that is a hallmark of RA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Osteoclasts were generated from blood-derived human CD14+ cells. The effects of IL-27 on osteoclast formation were evaluated by counting the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells and measuring the expression of osteoclast-related genes. The induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and the activation of signaling pathways downstream of RANK were measured by immunoblotting. The expression of key molecules implicated in osteoclastogenesis (NFATc1, RANK, costimulatory receptors, and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-harboring adaptor proteins) was measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Murine osteoclast precursors obtained from mouse bone marrow and synovial fluid macrophages derived from RA patients were also tested for their responsiveness to IL-27.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-27 inhibited human osteoclastogenesis, suppressed the induction of NFATc1, down-regulated the expression of RANK and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2), and inhibited RANKL-mediated activation of ERK, p38, and NF-kappaB in osteoclast precursors. Synovial fluid macrophages from RA patients were refractory to the effects of IL-27. In contrast to the findings in humans, IL-27 only moderately suppressed murine osteoclastogenesis, and this was likely attributable to low expression of the IL-27 receptor subunit WSX-1 on murine osteoclast precursors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-27 inhibits human osteoclastogenesis by a direct mechanism that suppresses the responses of osteoclast precursors to RANKL. These findings suggest that, in addition to its well-known antiinflammatory effects, IL-27 plays a homeostatic role in restraining bone erosion. This homeostatic function is compromised under conditions of chronic inflammation such as in RA synovitis.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA. kallioliasg@hss.edu
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kalliolias
authors.forename: Baohong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Antigoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Triantafyllopoulou
authors.forename: Kyung-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park-Min
authors.forename: Lionel B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Ivashkiv
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D013585:Synovitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C484747:Il27ra protein, mouse; D007378:Interleukins; C464565:MYDGF protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; C494003:NFATC1 protein, human; C494005:Nfatc1 protein, mouse; D053245:RANK Ligand; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; C505686:TNFRSF11A protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; C498715:TREM2 protein, human; C505687:Tnfrsf11a protein, mouse; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse