title: Endotoxin, zymosan, and cytokines decrease the expression of the transcription factor, carbohydrate response element binding protein, and its target genes.
abstract: Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a recently discovered transcription factor whose levels and activity are increased by glucose leading to the activation of target genes, which include acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and liver-type pyruvate kinase. Here, we demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment causes a marked decrease in ChREBP mRNA and protein levels in the liver of mice fed a normal chow diet or in mice fasted for 24 h and then re-fed a high carbohydrate diet. This decrease occurs rapidly and is a sensitive response (half-maximal dose 0.1 μg/mouse). The decrease in ChREBP is accompanied by a decrease in the expression of ChREBP target genes. Zymosan and turpentine treatment also decrease hepatic ChREBP levels and the expression of its target genes. Additionally, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) decrease liver ChREBP expression both in vivo and in Hep3B cells in culture. Finally, LPS decreased ChREBP expression in muscle and adipose tissue. These studies demonstrate that ChREBP is down-regulated during the acute phase response resulting in alterations in the expression of ChREBP regulated target genes. Thus, ChREBP joins a growing list of transcription factors that are regulated during the acute phase response.
authors.affiliation: Metabolism Section, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California-San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. kenneth.feingold@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Feingold
authors.forename: Judy K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shigenaga
authors.forename: Sophie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Patzek
authors.forename: Lisa G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Chui
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grunfeld
mesh_terms: D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D002460:Cell Line; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014425:Turpentine / Q000378:metabolism; D015054:Zymosan / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004731:Endotoxins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C506001:Mlxipl protein, mouse; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015054:Zymosan; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; D014425:Turpentine