title: The abrasive effect of a porcelain and a nickel-chromium alloy on the wear of human enamel and the influence of a carbonated beverage on the rate of wear.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to determine the abrasive effect of a porcelain and an Ni-Cr alloy on the wear of human enamel, and the influence of a carbonated beverage on the rate of wear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tooth specimens were prepared by embedding 48 freshly extracted mandibular first premolars in acrylic. Twenty-four of these specimens were abraded against Ni-Cr, and the remaining 24 against porcelain in artificial saliva and carbonated beverage media, respectively (n = 12), on a specially designed abrasive testing machine at a constant load of 40 N with 6 mm amplitude for 15,000 cycles. The cusp heights of the tooth specimens were measured both before and after abrasion using a profile projector. The abraded cast specimens were subjected to profilometry for computing the surface roughness; the abrading media was subjected to atomic absorption spectrophotometry for analyzing Ni and Cr ion levels. Data obtained were statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Porcelain specimens in a medium of carbonated beverage caused the highest wear of tooth specimens. The lowest wear of tooth specimens was Ni-Cr specimens in artificial saliva medium. Carbonated beverage caused significantly higher wear of tooth specimens when abraded against Ni-Cr and porcelain specimens than did artificial saliva. The mean quantitative surface roughness of porcelain specimens was significantly higher than that of Ni-Cr specimens, irrespective of the medium in which abrasion testing was conducted. There was no statistically significant difference between the concentrations of Ni ions released in artificial saliva and carbonated beverage media. Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the concentrations of Cr ions released in artificial saliva and carbonated beverage media.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The wear of human enamel was significantly higher in the presence of carbonated beverage than artificial saliva and against porcelain when compared with Ni-Cr. The surface roughness of porcelain in the presence of carbonated beverage was found to be highest, and the release of Ni and Cr was not affected by carbonated beverage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeeth University Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharastra, India. niksjosh@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Narendra P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Sanjayagouda B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Patil
mesh_terms: D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000473:pathology*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013499:Surface Properties; D014072:Tooth Abrasion / Q000209:etiology*; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D002858:Chromium Alloys; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D002857:Chromium; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D009532:Nickel