title: Limited-stage small cell lung cancer: local failure after concurrent chemoradiotherapy with use of accelerated hyperfractionation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to update data of radiation therapy regimens for improvement in local control in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer, a retrospective study was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Results of early concurrent chemoradiotherapy with accelerated hyperfractionation in 30 patients between 1998 and 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. The prescribed dose was 45 Gy in 30 fractions in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients received a full dose of radiation therapy; however, interruptions for >or=5 days, mainly due to hematologic toxicity, were required in 18 patients (60%). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier survival rate and the median survival time were 26% and 26 months, respectively. The 4-year in-field control rate was 56%. Sites of relapse were local relapse in 9 patients (6 for in-field relapse, 3 for marginal relapse) and distant metastases in 16 patients (11 for distant metastases only, 5 for distant metastases with local relapse). The sites of marginal relapse were the upper margin in two patients and the peripheral margin in one patient. Grade 3 radiation esophagitis was observed in only three patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because in-field control was insufficient, a more effective approach should be sought to provide better local control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan, tada@msic.med.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takuhito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosono
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Shinzo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kudoh
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000473:pathology*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011881:Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D017211:Treatment Failure