title: The enigmatic lack of glucose utilization in Streptomyces clavuligerus is due to inefficient expression of the glucose permease gene.
abstract: Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064 is unable to use glucose but has genes for a glucose permease (glcP) and a glucose kinase (glkA). Transformation of S. clavuligerus 27064 with the Streptomyces coelicolor glcP1 gene with its own promoter results in a strain able to grow on glucose. The glcP gene of S. clavuligerus encodes a 475 amino acid glucose permease with 12 transmembrane segments. GlcP is a functional protein when expressed from the S. coelicolor glcP1 promoter and complements two different glucose transport-negative Escherichia coli mutants. Transcription studies indicate that the glcP promoter is very weak and does not allow growth on glucose. These results suggest that S. clavuligerus initially contained a functional glucose permease gene, like most other Streptomyces species, and lost the expression of this gene by adaptation to glucose-poor habitats.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biotecnología, INBIOTEC, Parque Científico de León, Avda. Real  °1, 24006 León, Spain.|área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Redondo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biotecnología, INBIOTEC, Parque Científico de León, Avda. Real  °1, 24006 León, Spain.|área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Santamarta
authors.affiliation: DSM Anti-Infectives B.V., Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bovenberg
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biotecnología, INBIOTEC, Parque Científico de León, Avda. Real  °1, 24006 León, Spain.|área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biotecnología, INBIOTEC, Parque Científico de León, Avda. Real  °1, 24006 León, Spain.|área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liras
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D005941:Glucokinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010731:Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048372:Streptomyces coelicolor / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D010731:Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System; C031629:phosphoenolpyruvate-glucose phosphotransferase; C096446:GlkA protein, Bacteria; D005941:Glucokinase; D005947:Glucose