title: Monitoring the effects of chiral pharmaceuticals on aquatic microorganisms by metabolic fingerprinting.
abstract: The effects of the chiral pharmaceuticals atenolol and propranolol on Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, and Blastomonas natatoria were investigated. The growth dynamics of exposed cultures were monitored using a Bioscreen instrument. In addition, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy with appropriate chemometrics and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were employed in order to investigate the phenotypic changes and possible degradation of the drugs in exposed cultures. For the majority of the bacteria studied there was not a statistically significant difference in the organism's phenotype when it was exposed to the different enantiomers or mixtures of enantiomers. In contrast, the pseudomonads appeared to respond differently to propranolol, and the two enantiomers had different effects on the cellular phenotype. This implies that there were different metabolic responses in the organisms when they were exposed to the different enantiomers. We suggest that our findings may indicate that there are widespread effects on aquatic communities in which active pharmaceutical ingredients are present.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Emma S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Wharfe
authors.forename: Catherine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Winder
authors.forename: Roger M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Jarvis
authors.forename: Royston
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goodacre
mesh_terms: D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D016982:Micrococcus luteus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D011433:Propranolol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D042301:Sphingomonadaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000963:Antimetabolites; D001262:Atenolol; D011433:Propranolol