title: Prevalence of temporomandibular disorder-related findings in violinists compared with control subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between violin playing and the presence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied a group of violinists in the Murcia region of Spain, who were examined for TMD. The results were compared with those from a random control group who did not play any musical instrument. The groups were matched by age and gender. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 15.0 statistical software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control subjects, the violinists as a group had significantly more pain in maximum mouth opening (P < .005), parafunctional habits (P = .001), and occurrence of temporomandibular joint sounds (P < .005) as determined by chi-squared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Violin playing appears to be a factor associated with TMD-related findings.
authors.affiliation: TMD and Orofacial Pain Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. fcojavier@um.es
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Lozano
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sáez-Yuguero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bermejo-Fenoll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D011187:Posture; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult