title: Altered expression of NDRG2 in the testes of experimental rat model of cryptorchidism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the expression of N-Myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in the cryptorchid testes and its potential association with germ cell apoptosis in a rat model of cryptorchidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Groups of pubertal Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to surgical procedure for the induction of experimental unilateral cryptorchidism. The weight of the abdominal and scrotal testes was measured and their apoptotic cells and NDRG2 expression were examined longitudinally by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analyses. The expression of NDRG2 and p53 in the purified germ cells and Leydig cells was determined by Western blot assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control scrotal testes, the mean weights of the abdominal testes were significantly reduced at 7 and 14 days after surgery, accompanied by significantly increased numbers of apoptotic germ cells. Although the NDRG2 expression was detected in Leydig cells and spontaneous apoptotic germ cells in the scrotal testes, it was significantly upregulated predominately in apoptotic spermatocytes and round spermatids in the abdominal testes. However, the NDRG2 expression was downregulated in Leydig cells in the abdominal testes. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of NDRG2 and p53 was upregulated significantly in purified germ cells 7 days after surgery, whereas NDRG2 was downregulated in the purified Leydig cells from the abdominal testes 7 and 14 days after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The upregulated expression of NDRG2 was associated with germ cell apoptosis in the cryptorchid testes, suggesting that the NDRG2 may be a positive regulator for germ cell apoptosis in rat cryptorchidism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wugang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xinping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Libo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yuanqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C507213:Ndrg2 protein, rat; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins