title: Is substance use a barrier to protected sex among homeless women? Results from between- and within-subjects event analyses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study used event-based analyses to examine how alcohol and drug use are associated with protected sex among women residing in temporary shelters in Los Angeles County.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 445 sexually active women age 18 and older who were sampled from 52 shelters serving homeless individuals. Data were collected through individual computer-assisted face-to-face structured interviews. Both between-subjects analyses (n = 445) and within-subjects analyses (n = 87) were used to examine the association between substance use and protected sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both within- and between-subjects analyses, women who drank alcohol before sex were significantly more likely to engage in protected sex compared with women who did not drink alcohol. However, there was no association between women's drug use, or their male partner's alcohol or drug use, and whether they engaged in protected sex. The higher likelihood of protected sex during events when women drank alcohol could be explained by partner choice (both analyses) and discussing condom use before sex (within-subjects analyses only).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings challenge the common belief that women's alcohol use before sex necessarily increases the likelihood of unprotected sex but are consistent with several previous studies suggesting that alcohol use may be associated with protected sex under certain conditions. Results from this study highlight the need to better understand the complexities of how alcohol use may influence the sexual behavior of impoverished women.
authors.affiliation: RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, California 90407-2138, USA. jtucker@rand.org
authors.forename: Joan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Suzanne L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Golinelli
authors.forename: Gery
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beckman
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Harold D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012309:Risk-Taking; D021841:Safe Sex / Q000523:psychology*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult