title: Topical dissolved oxygen penetrates skin: model and method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been commonly perceived that skin receives its oxygen supply from the internal circulation. However, recent investigations have shown that a significant amount of oxygen may enter skin from the external overlying surface. A method has been developed for measuring the transcutaneous penetration of human skin by oxygen as described herein. This method was used to determine both the depth and magnitude of penetration of skin by topically applied oxygen.
  
  
  METHODS
  An apparatus consisting of human skin samples interposed between a topical oxygen source and a fluid filled chamber that registered changes in dissolved oxygen. Viable human skin samples of variable thicknesses with and without epidermis were used to evaluate the depth and magnitude of oxygen penetration from either topical dissolved oxygen (TDO) or topical gaseous oxygen (TGO) devices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model effectively demonstrates transcutaneous penetration of topically applied oxygen. Topically applied dissolved oxygen penetrates through >700 microm of human skin. Topically applied oxygen penetrates better though dermis than epidermis, and TDO devices deliver oxygen more effectively than TGO devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development, AcryMed, Inc., Beaverton, Oregon 97008, USA. droe@acrymed.com
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Gibbins
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ladizinsky
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010106:Oxygenators; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen