title: Vitamin D receptor: a new risk marker for clinical restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Restenosis is the main drawback of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Inherited factors may explain part of the risk of restenosis. Recently, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been shown to be involved not only in bone metabolism but also in modulating immune responses and cell proliferation. Since the inflammatory response is implicated in restenosis, VDR-gene variants could therefore contribute to the risk of restenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systematic genotyping for 15 haplotype tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the VDR gene was performed with the high throughput TaqMan allelic discrimination assays in the Genetic Determinants of Restenosis (GENDER) population. A haplotype-based survival analysis revealed an association of haplotypes in blocks 2, 3 and 4 of the VDR-gene with the risk of clinical restenosis (p-values 0.01, 0.04 and 0.02 respectively). After adjustment for clinical risk factors for restenosis, the individual effect of the block 2 AA haplotype (p = 0.011) persisted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicates that VDR plays a role in restenosis after PCI. Therefore, VDR genotype may be used as risk marker for restenosis and may contribute to individual patient screening prior to PCI in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, C5-P, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pascalle S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Monraats
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Douwe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: Nuno M M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Huibert A P
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pols
authors.forename: Aeilko H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Zwinderman
authors.forename: Moniek P M
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: de Maat
authors.forename: Pieter Af
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Doevendans
authors.forename: Robbert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: DeWinter
authors.forename: René A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Tio
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waltenberger
authors.forename: Rune R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Frants
authors.forename: Paul H A
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Quax
authors.forename: Arnoud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Laarse
authors.forename: Ernst E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: van der Wall
authors.forename: André G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Uitterlinden
authors.forename: J Wouter
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jukema
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol