title: Effect of enalapril on exercise cardiopulmonary performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some studies suggest that the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system are activated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), potentially resulting in negative cardiopulmonary and muscular effects. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor on cardiopulmonary exercise performance in COPD patients. Primary outcome was the effect of treatment on the ventilatory response to exercise (VE/VCO(2) slope). Secondary outcomes were exercise variables evaluated by the cardiopulmonary exercise test, and pulmonary function according to ACE genotyping.
  
  
  METHODS
  4 weeks treatment with enalapril (10 mg od) or placebo was evaluated in 21 COPD patients (FEV(1) < 60%) and without cardiovascular disease in a double-blind, cross-over study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  18 patients completed the study. Enalapril did not exert a significant effect on exercise VE/VCO(2) slope or on peak O(2) consumption. However enalapril significantly improved peak O(2) pulse and work rate compared to placebo. A mild but significant worsening of the diffusion capacity of the lung was observed. ACE genotype did not significantly affect patients' response to treatment, except for a trend toward a more evident effect of treatment in patients with II ACE genotype in terms of O(2) pulse and gas diffusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this pilot study, ACE inhibition did not affect the ventilatory response to exercise in COPD patients. However, treatment resulted in improvement in work rate and O(2) pulse, suggesting that ACE inhibitor therapy warrants consideration and may provide beneficial effect on the cardiovascular response to exercise in COPD.
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Ospedale San Paolo, Università degli Studi di, 20142 Milano, Italy. fabiano.dimarco@unimi.it
authors.forename: Fabiano
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Marco
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guazzi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vicenzi
authors.forename: Pierachille
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santus
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cazzola
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pappalettera
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castellotti
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Centanni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004656:Enalapril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010865:Pilot Projects; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004656:Enalapril