title: Distinct clinical, serological, and sonographic characteristics of hashimoto's thyroiditis based with and without IgG4-positive plasma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  IgG4-related sclerosing disease is a new syndrome characterized by high serum IgG4 levels and increased IgG4-positive plasma cells in the involved organs. Recently the first description was made by our group of a subsection of Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis (HT) patients showing indistinguishable histopathological features with IgG4-related sclerosing disease, which was termed as IgG4 thyroiditis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was analysis of the immunophenotypic features of IgG4 in 70 cases of HT patients and to clarify the histopathological and clinical characteristics of the patients with IgG4 thyroiditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thyroid tissue samples were obtained from 70 patients with HT who were treated surgically. Quantitative analyses of the expression of IgG4 and IgG were performed. Statistical analyses of clinical and histopathological parameters were also conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of immunohistochemistry of IgG4 and IgG4/IgG ratio, the 70 patients with HT were divided into two groups: IgG4 thyroiditis (19 cases) and non-IgG4 thyroiditis (51 cases). Histopathologically, IgG4 thyroiditis showed higher grade of stromal fibrosis, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and follicular cell degeneration than non-IgG4 thyroiditis. Moreover, these two groups were also demonstrated to be related with different clinical features, with IgG4 thyroiditis associated more with male gender, rapid progress, subclinical hypothyroidism, more diffuse low echogenicity, and higher level of circulating antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From both clinical and histopathological aspects, IgG4 thyroiditis and non-IgG4 thyroiditis were demonstrated to be distinct entities. Measuring serum IgG4 concentration provides a useful method of distinguishing IgG4 thyroiditis from non-IgG4 thyroiditis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Yaqiong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Eijun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirokawa
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: Kennichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kakudo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine