title: Effects of exenatide plus rosiglitazone on beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes on metformin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Study the effects of exenatide (EXE) plus rosiglitazone (ROSI) on beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity using hyperglycemic and euglycemic insulin clamp techniques in participants with type 2 diabetes on metformin.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this 20-week, randomized, open-label, multicenter study, participants (mean age, 56 +/- 10 years; weight, 93 +/- 16 kg; A1C, 7.8 +/- 0.7%) continued their metformin regimen and received either EXE 10 microg b.i.d. (n = 45), ROSI 4 mg b.i.d. (n = 45), or EXE 10 microg b.i.d. + ROSI 4 mg b.i.d. (n = 47). Seventy-three participants underwent clamp procedures to quantitate insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. RESULTS A1C declined in all groups (P < 0.05), but decreased most with EXE+ROSI (EXE+ROSI, -1.3 +/- 0.1%; ROSI, -1.0 +/- 0.1%, EXE, -0.9 +/- 0.1%; EXE+ROSI vs. EXE or ROSI, P < 0.05). ROSI resulted in weight gain, while EXE and EXE+ROSI resulted in weight loss (EXE, -2.8 +/- 0.5 kg; EXE+ROSI, -1.2 +/- 0.5 kg; ROSI, + 1.5 +/- 0.5 kg; P < 0.05 between and within all groups). At week 20, 1st and 2nd phase insulin secretion was significantly higher in EXE and EXE+ROSI versus ROSI (both P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity (M value) was significantly higher in EXE+ROSI versus EXE (P = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapy with EXE+ROSI offset the weight gain observed with ROSI and elicited an additive effect on glycemic control with significant improvements in beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA. albarado@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Ralph A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: DeFronzo
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Triplitt
authors.forename: Yongming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Michelle S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maggs
authors.forename: Leonard C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Glass
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000077270:Exenatide; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014688:Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014688:Venoms; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D008687:Metformin; D000077270:Exenatide