title: Energy dependence of EBT-1 radiochromic film response for photon (10 kvp-15 MVp) and electron beams (6-18 MeV) readout by a flatbed scanner.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article is to investigate the energy dependence of the radiochromic film type, Gafchromic EBT-1, when scanned with a flatbed scanner for film readout.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dose response curves were determined for 12 different beam qualities ranging from a 10 kVp x-ray beam to a 15 MVp x-ray beam and include also two high energy electron beam qualities (6 and 18 MeV). The dose responses measured as net optical density (netOD) for the different beam qualities were normalized to the response of a reference beam quality (6 MVp).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A strong systematic energy dependence of the film response was found. The lower the effective beam energy, the less sensitive the EBT-1 films get. The maximum decrease in dose for the same film response between the 25 kVp and 6 MVp beam qualities was 44%. Additionally, a difference in energy dependence for different doses was discovered, meaning that higher doses show a smaller dependency on energy than lower doses. The maximum decrease in the normalized netOD was found to be 25% for a dose of 0.5 Gy relative to the normalized netOD for 10 Gy. Moreover, a scaling procedure is introduced, allowing the correction of the energy dependence for the investigated beam qualities and also for comparable x-ray beam qualities within the energy range studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A strong energy dependence for EBT-1 radiochromic films was found. The films were readout with a flatbed scanner. If the effective beam energy is known, the energy dependence can be corrected with the introduced scaling procedure. Further investigation of the influence of the spectral band of the readout device on energy dependence is needed to understand the reason for the different energy dependences found in this and previous works.
authors.affiliation: OncoRay-Radiation Research in Oncology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany. christian.richter@oncoray.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pawelke
authors.forename: Leonhard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karsch
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woithe
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D004583:Electrons; D017785:Photons; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*