title: Regulation of tracheal ciliary beat frequency by nitric oxide synthase substrate L-arginine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) synthase substrate L-arginine (L-arg) in the regulation of airway ciliary beat frequency (CBF).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the effects of L-arg on CBF of rabbit tracheal epithelial cells by using high-speed digital microscopy and determined the expression and distribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in intact tracheal mucosa and in isolated cilia by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  L-arg dose- and time-dependently increased CBF compared with the control groups, and the effect was blocked by pretreatment with the NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Immunoreactivity to 3 isoforms of NOS (nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS) was observed in cilia of epithelial cells, and the signal intensity of eNOS was stronger than that of both nNOS and iNOS. Western blot analysis of isolated ciliary preparations also detected all 3 isoforms of NOS, and the expression level is eNOS > nNOS > iNOS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  L-arg increases the CBF of rabbit tracheal epithelial cells via the NOS-NO signal pathway.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Demin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Shanzhe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Luo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002923:Cilia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000502:physiology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000502:physiology*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014132:Trachea / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester