title: Holoprosencephaly due to numeric chromosome abnormalities.
abstract: Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common malformation of the human forebrain. When a clinician identifies a patient with HPE, a routine chromosome analysis is often the first genetic test sent for laboratory analysis in order to assess for a structural or numerical chromosome anomaly. An abnormality of chromosome number is overall the most frequently identified etiology in a patient with HPE. These abnormalities include trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and triploidy, though several others have been reported. Such chromosome number abnormalities are almost universally fatal early in gestation or in infancy. Clinical features of specific chromosome number abnormalities may be recognized by phenotypic manifestations in addition to the HPE.
authors.affiliation: National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Kenneth N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Meck
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muenke
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002882:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling / Q000379:methods; D016142:Holoprosencephaly / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology; D011123:Polyploidy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis