title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, and cognitive function in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relations between the use of nonaspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and aspirin and age-related change in multiple domains of cognitive function in community-dwelling individuals without dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal, with measures obtained on one to 18 occasions over up to 45 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  General community.
  
  
  METHODS
  A volunteer sample of up to 2,300 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging free of diagnosed dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  At each visit, reported NSAID or aspirin use (yes/no) and tests of verbal and visual memory, attention, perceptuo-motor speed, confrontation naming, executive function, and mental status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mixed-effects regression models revealed that NSAID use was associated with less prospective decline on the Blessed Information-Memory-Concentration (I-M-C) Test, a mental status test weighted for memory and concentration (P<.001), and Part B of the Trail Making Test, a test of perceptuo-motor speed and mental flexibility (P<.05). In contrast, aspirin use was related to greater prospective decline on the Blessed I-M-C Test (P<.05) and the Benton Visual Retention Test, a test of visual memory (P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent with studies of incident dementia, NSAID users without dementia displayed less prospective decline in cognitive function, but on only two cognitive measures. In contrast, aspirin use was associated with greater prospective cognitive decline on select measures, potentially reflecting its common use for vascular disease prophylaxis. Effect sizes were small, calling into question clinical significance, although overall public health significance may be meaningful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA. waldstei@umbc.edu
authors.forename: Shari R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Waldstein
authors.forename: Carrington Rice
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wendell
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Seliger
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrucci
authors.forename: E Jeffrey
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Metter
authors.forename: Alan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Zonderman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001241:Aspirin