title: Effect of prenatal stress on alcohol preference and sensitivity to chronic alcohol exposure in male rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In rats, prenatal restraint stress (PRS) induces persistent behavioral and neurobiological alterations leading to a greater consumption of psychostimulants during adulthood. However, little is known about alcohol vulnerability in this animal model.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined in adolescent and adult male Sprague Dawley rats the long-lasting impact of PRS exposure on alcohol consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  PRS rats were subjected to a prenatal stress (three daily 45-min sessions of restraint stress to the mothers during the last 10 days of pregnancy). Alcohol preference was assessed in a two-bottle choice paradigm (alcohol 2.5%, 5%, or 10% versus water), in both naïve adolescent rats and adult rats previously exposed to a chronic alcohol treatment. Behavioral indices associated with incentive motivation for alcohol were investigated. Finally, plasma levels of transaminases (marker of hepatic damages) and ΔFosB levels in the nucleus accumbens (a potential molecular switch for addiction) were evaluated following the chronic alcohol exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alcohol preference was not affected by PRS. Contrary to our expectations, stressed and unstressed rats did not display signs of compulsive alcohol consumption. The consequences of the alcohol exposure on locomotor reactivity and on transaminase levels were more prominent in PRS group. Similarly, PRS potentiated alcohol-induced ΔFosB levels in the nucleus accumbens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that negative events occurring in utero do not modulate alcohol preference in male rats but potentiate chronic alcohol-induced molecular neuroadaptation in the brain reward circuitry. Further studies are needed to determine whether the exacerbated ΔFosB upregulation in PRS rats could be extended to other reinforcing stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Neurostress UPRES EA 4347 and CNRS UMR 8576, Université Lille Nord de France, University of Lille 1, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. vincent.vanwaes@rosalindfranklin.edu
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Van Waes
authors.forename: Mihaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enache
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Berton
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vinner
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lhermitte
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maccari
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Darnaudéry
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D012201:Reward; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D000637:Transaminases / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C483820:Fosb protein, rat; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D000431:Ethanol; D000637:Transaminases