title: Distribution of airborne influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus in an urgent care medical clinic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Considerable controversy exists with regard to whether influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are spread by the inhalation of infectious airborne particles and about the importance of this route, compared with droplet or contact transmission.
  
  
  METHODS
  Airborne particles were collected in an urgent care clinic with use of stationary and personal aerosol samplers. The amounts of airborne influenza A, influenza B, and RSV RNA were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Health care workers and patients participating in the study were tested for influenza.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen percent of the stationary samplers contained influenza A RNA, 1% contained influenza B RNA, and 32% contained RSV RNA. Nineteen percent of the personal samplers contained influenza A RNA, none contained influenza B RNA, and 38% contained RSV RNA. The number of samplers containing influenza RNA correlated well with the number and location of patients with influenza (r= 0.77). Forty-two percent of the influenza A RNA was in particles < or = 4.1 microm in aerodynamic diameter, and 9% of the RSV RNA was in particles < or = 4.1 microm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Airborne particles containing influenza and RSV RNA were detected throughout a health care facility. The particles were small enough to remain airborne for an extended time and to be inhaled deeply into the respiratory tract. These results support the possibility that influenza and RSV can be transmitted by the airborne route and suggest that further investigation of the potential of these particles to transmit infection is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2845, USA. wlindsley@cdc.gov
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Lindsley
authors.forename: Francoise M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Blachere
authors.forename: Kristina A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Terri A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: Melanie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Rashida
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khakoo
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Thewlis
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Posada
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Redrow
authors.forename: Ismail B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Bean T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Donald H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Beezhold
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000391:Air Microbiology; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006282:Health Personnel; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral