title: Motivating Latino caregivers of children with asthma to quit smoking: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Secondhand smoke exposure is associated with asthma onset and exacerbation. Latino children have higher rates of asthma morbidity than other groups. The current study compared the effectiveness of a newly developed smoking cessation treatment with existing clinical guidelines for smoking cessation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Latino caregivers who smoked (N = 133; 72.9% female; mean age = 36.8 years) and had a child with asthma were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 smoking cessation counseling interventions during a home-based asthma program: (a) behavioral action model (BAM; modeled on clinical guidelines for smoking cessation) or (b) precaution adoption model (PAM; feedback on the caregiver's carbon monoxide level and child's secondhand smoke exposure using Motivational Interviewing). Counseling was delivered by a bilingual Latina health educator, and the content was tailored to Latino values and culture. It was not necessary for smokers to want to quit smoking to participate. Smoking cessation was biochemically verified and secondhand smoke exposure was objectively measured through passive nicotine monitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intent-to-treat analyses showed that 20.5% of participants in the PAM condition and 9.1% of those in the BAM condition were continuously abstinent at 2 months posttreatment (OR = 2.54; 95% CI = 0.91-7.10), whereas 19.1% of participants in the PAM condition and 12.3% of those in BAM condition were continuously abstinent at 3 months posttreatment (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 0.64-4.37). Secondhand smoke exposure decreased only in the BAM condition (p < .001), an effect due to less smoking around the child among nonquitters in this condition. Asthma morbidity showed significant decreases in the posttreatment period for the PAM group only (p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provide support for targeting specific populations with theory-based interventions.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine.
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0859-796X
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Borrelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Family Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Elizabeth L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: McQuaid
authors.affiliation: RTI International.
authors.forename: Scott P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health.
authors.forename: S Katharine
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000523:psychology*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006293:Health Promotion; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D012907:Smoking; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution