Effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control of diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
There is growing evidence that periodontitis may affect general health. This study was assigned to explore the robustness of observations that periodontal therapy leads to the improvement of glycemic control in diabetic patients.


METHODS
A literature search (until March 2009) was carried out using two databases (MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library) with language restriction to English. Selection of publications was based on 1) original investigations, 2) controlled periodontal intervention studies where the diabetic control group received no periodontal treatment, and 3) study duration of > or =3 months.


RESULTS
Screening of the initial 639 identified studies and reference checking resulted in five suitable articles. A total of 371 patients were included in this analysis with periodontitis as predictor and the actual absolute change in A1C (DeltaA1C) as the outcome. The duration of follow-up was 3-9 months. All studies described a research population of type 2 diabetic patients in whom glycemic control improved after periodontal therapy compared with the control group (range DeltaA1C: Delta-1.17 up to Delta-0.05%). The studies in a meta-analysis demonstrated a weighted mean difference of DeltaA1C before and after therapy of -0.40% (95% CI -0.77 to -0.04%, P = 0.03) favoring periodontal intervention in type 2 diabetic patients. Nevertheless, this improvement in %A1C must be interpreted with care due to limited robustness as evidenced by heterogeneity among studies (59.5%, P = 0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
The present meta-analysis suggests that periodontal treatment leads to an improvement of glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients for at least 3 months.
Teeuw
Wijnand J
WJ
Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. w.teeuw@acta.nl
Gerdes
Victor E A
VE
Loos
Bruno G
BG
D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000601:surgery; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D010515:Periodontal Prosthesis / Q000379:methods; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000601:surgery*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
D001786:Blood Glucose