title: Sacral neuromodulation and cardiac pacemakers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Potential for cross-talk between cardiac pacemakers and sacral neuromodulation remains speculative.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a case series of patients with cardiac pacemakers who underwent staged Interstim (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) implantation and patients who had pulse generator implantation who later required cardiac pacemakers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No cross-talk was demonstrated in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sacral neuromodulation appears to be safe in the setting of cardiac pacemakers without cardioversion/defibrillation technology.
authors.affiliation: Women's Specialty Center and Bladder Control Center, Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA. troth@maine.rr.com
authors.forename: Ted M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus / Q000502:physiology*; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*