title: Efficacy of high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy in patients with oral tongue carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the results of high-dose-rate (HDR)-interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) in oral tongue carcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 1999 and August 2007, 50 patients were treated for oral tongue carcinoma with HDR-ISBT. The patient's mean age was 58 years. Forty-two patients were in T1-2 stage and 8 patients were in T3 stage; 16 patients were in N+ stage and 34 patients in N0 stage. Exclusive ISBT was given to 17 patients (34%) in T1-2 N0 stage and complementary to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to 33 patients (66%). A perioperative technique was performed on 14 patients. The median total dose was 44 Gy when HDR was used alone (4 Gy per fraction) and 18 Gy when complementary to 50 Gy EBRT (3 Gy per fraction).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median followup was 44 months. Actuarial disease-free survival rates at 3 and 5 years were 81% and 74%, respectively. Local failure developed in 7 patients. Actuarial local control (LC) rates were 87% and 79% at 3 and 5 years in T1-2 stage 94.5% and 91% and T3 stage 43% and 43% (with salvage surgery). Exclusive HDR cases showed LC in 100% of the cases, and the combined group (EBRT+HDR) showed LC in 80% and 69% of the cases at 3 and 5 years (p=0.044). Soft-tissue necrosis developed in 16% and bone necrosis in 4% of the cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HDR brachytherapy is an effective method for the treatment of oral tongue carcinoma in low-risk cases. Doses per fraction between 3 and 4 Gy yield LC and complication rates similar to low-dose rate. The perioperative technique promises encouraging results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), Valencia, Spain. jguinot@fivo.org
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Guinot
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Maria Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Tortajada
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrascosa
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Estellés
authors.forename: Juan Bosco
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Vendrell
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muelas
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chust
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mengual
authors.forename: Leoncio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arribas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome