title: National survey of pharmacy services in free medical clinics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the current model of pharmacy services in free clinics, identify the extent to which free clinics serve as training sites for student pharmacists and residents, elucidate pharmacy service gaps in free clinics, and compare results to a 2001 survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Free medical clinics in the United States in early 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinics registered at www.freeclinicfoundation.org.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 26-point questionnaire addressed clinic and pharmacy demographics, pharmacy services, medication storage and distribution processes, and systems management. Survey invitations were sent via postal mail, with responses submitted via hardcopy or online (Survey Monkey). Nonresponders received a second mailing 4 weeks later.
  
  
  METHODS
  Characteristics determined by survey responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  42% of clinics responded (216 of 518). The median annual clinic budget was $145,000, with 1% to 20% spent on medications. Of responding clinics, 30% had a licensed pharmacy that was staffed on average by 3.4 pharmacist volunteers and 0.1 pharmacist employees. Of the 83.5% (177 of 212) that dispensed drugs, clinics filled 67 prescriptions per day with cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and anti-infective agents as top classes. Pharmacy personnel provided mainly traditional (e.g., distributive) services (61.1%), and 19.3% of clinics trained student pharmacists. Since 2001, the number of clinics (355 vs. 518) and prescriptions dispensed (29 vs. 67 per day) increased but the percentage with a licensed pharmacy (33% vs. 30%) and mean number of pharmacist volunteers/employees (3.8/0.1 vs. 3.4/0.1) remained constant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The model of free clinic pharmacy services is a modified community practice. Pharmacy personnel have the opportunity to expand their role and pharmacy practice in free clinics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N.12th St., Richmond, VA 23298-0533, USA. amwiesner@vcu.edu
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wiesner
authors.forename: Douglas T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Steinke
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Record
authors.forename: Kelly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004356:Drug Storage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008509:Medication Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017664:Uncompensated Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States; D014838:Volunteers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data