title: Thermoablative treatments for malignant liver lesions: 10-year experience of MRI appearances of treatment response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of our study was to describe our 10-year experience using MRI to evaluate response to local thermoablative interventions in the treatment of malignant liver lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study was conducted from 1998 to 2008. MRI studies were performed at 1.5 and 3 T and were acquired < 4, 4-9, and > 9 months after radiofrequency ablation (RFA), cryoablation, and microwave ablation. MR features were evaluated on the basis of signal intensity on unenhanced T1-weighted images and the presence of ill-defined perilesional enhancement, well-defined lesional enhancement, or washout on contrast-enhanced images. Imaging features were evaluated with all interventional modalities together and separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population was composed of 135 men and 36 women (203 ablated lesions) with a mean age of 65 years (range, 39-78 years). When the data for all treatment methods were combined, well-defined lesional enhancement and washout were significant findings among the resolved and unresolved outcome groups regardless of follow-up time category. After RFA, ablated areas had a tendency to show high signal intensity on T1 images, whereas low signal was seen after cryoablation and a hyperintense rim was seen after microwave ablation. Washout was only depicted 9 months after cryoablation but was seen in 12% of lesions < 4 months after RFA. No difference was appreciated on ill-defined perilesional enhancement with all methods combined or separately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI findings after ablation are dependent on the treatment modality and the length of time between the procedure and follow-up examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina Hospitals and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7510, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kierans
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elazzazi
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.forename: Polytimi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leonardou
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Waqas
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanematsu
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Semelka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA