title: Therapeutic activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 by interleukin-11 ameliorates cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glycoprotein 130 is the common receptor subunit for the interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine family. Previously, we reported that pretreatment of IL-11, an IL-6 family cytokine, activates the glycoprotein 130 signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes and prevents ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo; however, its long-term effects on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) remain to be elucidated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MI was generated by ligating the left coronary artery in C57BL/6 mice. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that IL-11 mRNA was remarkably upregulated in the hearts exposed to MI. Intravenous injection of IL-11 activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a downstream signaling molecule of glycoprotein 130, in cardiomyocytes in vivo, suggesting that cardiac myocytes are target cells of IL-11 in the hearts. Twenty-four hours after coronary ligation, IL-11 was administered intravenously, followed by consecutive administration every 24 hours for 4 days. IL-11 treatment reduced fibrosis area 14 days after MI, attenuating cardiac dysfunction. Consistent with a previous report that STAT3 exhibits antiapoptotic and angiogenic activity in the heart, IL-11 treatment prevented apoptotic cell death of the bordering myocardium adjacent to the infarct zone and increased capillary density at the border zone. Importantly, cardiac-specific ablation of STAT3 abrogated IL-11-mediated attenuation of fibrosis and was associated with left ventricular enlargement. Moreover, with the use of cardiac-specific transgenic mice expressing constitutively active STAT3, cardiac STAT3 activation was shown to be sufficient to prevent adverse cardiac remodeling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-11 attenuated cardiac fibrosis after MI through STAT3. Activation of the IL-11/glycoprotein 130/STAT3 axis may be a novel therapeutic strategy against cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Osaka University, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obana
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hayama
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mohri
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakaoka
authors.forename: Issei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Komuro
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Goro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matsumiya
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005355:Fibrosis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017370:Interleukin-11; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130