title: Violence-related facial trauma: analysis of multidetector computed tomography findings of 727 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The multidetector CT (MDCT) findings of facial trauma in victims of interpersonal violence were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  All MDCT requests for suspected facial injury during a 62 month period were retrieved; 727 cases met the inclusion criteria. Images were interpreted by two researchers by consensus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 727 patients (aged 15-86 years old, mean 37), 583 (80.2%) were male and 144 (19.8%) female. Of all the patients, 74% had a fracture, and of these 44% had multiple non-contiguous fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Violence is a very common cause of facial injury. Nasal and orbital fractures predominate. Males are more often involved; they are younger, sustain fractures more often and significantly more often present with high-energy fracture patterns. LeFort fractures are often unilateral or asymmetrical, and are frequently accompanied by other, clinically significant fractures. Up to 25% of patients with fractures do not have paranasal sinus effusions.
authors.affiliation: Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Töölö Trauma Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Topeliuksenkatu 5, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland. elina.m.salonen@hus.fi
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Salonen
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Koivikko
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Koskinen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014754:Violence; D055815:Young Adult