title: Success of a safe and simple algorithm to reduce use of CT pulmonary angiography in the emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to determine whether the radiation exposure to patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) could be decreased by safely increasing the use of ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scanning and decreasing the use of CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) through an educational intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collaborative educational seminars were held among the radiology, nuclear medicine, and emergency medicine departments in December 2006 and January 2007 regarding the radiation dose and accuracies of V/Q scanning and CTPA for diagnosing PE. To reduce radiation exposure, an imaging algorithm was introduced in which emergency department patients with a clinical suspicion of PE underwent chest radiography. If the chest radiograph was normal, V/Q scanning was recommended, otherwise CTPA was recommended. We retrospectively tallied the number and results of CTPA and V/Q scanning and calculated mean radiation effective dose before and after the intervention. False-negative findings were defined as subsequent thromboembolism within 90 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of CTPA examinations performed decreased from 1,234 in 2006 to 920 in 2007, and the number of V/Q scans increased from 745 in 2006 to 1,216 in 2007. The mean effective dose was reduced by 20%, from 8.0 mSv in 2006 to 6.4 mSv in 2007 (p < 0.0001). The patients who underwent CTPA and V/Q scanning in 2006 were of similar age. In 2007, the patients who underwent V/Q scanning were significantly younger. There was no significant difference in the false-negative rate (range, 0.8-1.2%) between CTPA and V/Q scanning in 2006 and 2007.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The practice patterns of physicians changed in response to an educational intervention, resulting in a reduction in radiation exposure to emergency department patients with suspected PE without compromising patient safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
authors.forename: Evan G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Linda B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Haramati
authors.forename: Murthy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chamarthy
authors.forename: Seymour
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sprayregen
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Davitt
authors.forename: Leonard M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000792:Angiography; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003287:Contrast Media; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015272:Pulmonary Medicine / Q000193:education*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA