title: Translocation of histone H1 subtypes between chromatin and cytoplasm during mitosis in normal human fibroblasts.
abstract: Histone H1 is an important constituent of chromatin, which undergoes major structural rearrangements during mitosis. However, the role of H1, multiple H1 subtypes, and H1 phosphorylation is still unclear. In normal human fibroblasts, phosphorylated H1 was found located in nuclei during prophase and in both cytoplasm and condensed chromosomes during metaphase, anaphase, and telophase as detected by immunocytochemistry. Moreover, we detected remarkable differences in the distribution of the histone H1 subtypes H1.2, H1.3, and H1.5 during mitosis. H1.2 was found in chromatin during prophase and almost solely in the cytoplasm of metaphase and early anaphase cells. In late anaphase, it appeared in both chromatin and cytoplasm and again in chromatin during telophase. H1.5 distribution pattern resembled that of H1.2, but H1.5 was partitioned between chromatin and cytoplasm during metaphase and early anaphase. H1.3 was detected in chromatin in all cell cycle phases. We propose therefore, that H1 subtype translocation during mitosis is controlled by phosphorylation, in combination with H1 subtype inherent affinity. We conclude that H1 subtypes, or theirphosphorylated forms, may leave chromatin in a regulated way to give access for chromatin condensing factors or transcriptional regulators during mitosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gréen
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lönn
authors.forename: Kajsa Holmgren
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ollinger
authors.forename: Ingemar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rundquist
mesh_terms: D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008938:Mitosis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D021381:Protein Transport
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D007211:Indoles; C007293:DAPI; D004247:DNA