title: Influence of head rotation on upper esophageal sphincter pressure evaluated by high-resolution manometry system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to quantify the effects of head rotation on upper esophageal sphincter (UES) pressure in healthy subjects using a novel high-resolution manometry (HRM) system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nagasaki University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen asymptomatic Japanese male adult volunteers were studied. A solid-state HRM was positioned to record resting UES pressure. After endoscopically confirming on which side of the pyriform sinus the manometric sensor was positioned within the hypopharynx, we measured the maximum and mean values of the resting UES pressure and the length of the zone of the UES along the esophagus with the patients in the following positions: 1) neutral and straightforward head position (NSF), 2) turning the head in the direction of the side in which the sensor was positioned (HSS), and 3) turning the head in the opposite direction of the side with sensor (HOS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum and mean values of the resting UES pressure were statistically higher in HSS than in NSF (P = 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively), and were statistically lower in HOS than in NSF (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). The length of the zone of the UES was statistically shorter in HOS than in NSF (P < 0.0001), but there was no significant difference in resting UES pressure along the esophagus between HSS and NSF (P = 0.3024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provided us with physiological information regarding normal UES pressure in relation to head rotation. This data will be of aid to future clinical and investigative swallowing studies. Additionally, the current study provides evidence of the safety and usefulness of the head rotation maneuver for dysphagic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan. ktakasa@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takasaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Umeki
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumagami
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004867:Equipment Design; D049631:Esophageal Sphincter, Upper / Q000502:physiology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006257:Head; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009068:Movement; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012399:Rotation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014741:Video Recording