title: In-home virtual reality videogame telerehabilitation in adolescents with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
abstract: Golomb MR, McDonald BC, Warden SJ, Yonkman J, Saykin AJ, Shirley B, Huber M, Rabin B, AbdelBaky M, Nwosu ME, Barkat-Masih M, Burdea GC. In-home virtual reality videogame telerehabilitation in adolescents with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether in-home remotely monitored virtual reality videogame-based telerehabilitation in adolescents with hemiplegic cerebral palsy can improve hand function and forearm bone health, and demonstrate alterations in motor circuitry activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3-month proof-of-concept pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Virtual reality videogame-based rehabilitation systems were installed in the homes of 3 participants and networked via secure Internet connections to the collaborating engineering school and children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents (N=3) with severe hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were asked to exercise the plegic hand 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week using a sensor glove fitted to the plegic hand and attached to a remotely monitored videogame console installed in their home. Games were custom developed, focused on finger movement, and included a screen avatar of the hand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized occupational therapy assessments, remote assessment of finger range of motion (ROM) based on sensor glove readings, assessment of plegic forearm bone health with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of hand grip task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 3 adolescents showed improved function of the plegic hand on occupational therapy testing, including increased ability to lift objects, and improved finger ROM based on remote measurements. The 2 adolescents who were most compliant showed improvements in radial bone mineral content and area in the plegic arm. For all 3 adolescents, fMRI during grip task contrasting the plegic and nonplegic hand showed expanded spatial extent of activation at posttreatment relative to baseline in brain motor circuitry (eg, primary motor cortex and cerebellum).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of remotely monitored virtual reality videogame telerehabilitation appears to produce improved hand function and forearm bone health (as measured by DXA and pQCT) in adolescents with chronic disability who practice regularly. Improved hand function appears to be reflected in functional brain changes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. mgolomb@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Meredith R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Golomb
authors.forename: Brenna C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Warden
authors.forename: Janell
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yonkman
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Saykin
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shirley
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rabin
authors.forename: Moustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdelbaky
authors.forename: Michelle E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nwosu
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barkat-Masih
authors.forename: Grigore C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Burdea
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006225:Hand; D018737:Hand Strength; D006236:Handwriting; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D009788:Occupational Therapy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*; D018910:Video Games