title: Determination of organic UV filters in water by stir bar sorptive extraction and direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry.
abstract: A screening method for analyzing environmental waters contaminated with UV filters using direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was developed. To demonstrate the suitability of DART-MS a test set of seven organic UV filters, namely benzophenone-3 (BP-3), ethylhexyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoate (OD-PABA), 4-t-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane (BM-DBM), homomethyl salicylate (HMS), 2-(ethylhexyl) salicylate (EHS), octocrylene (OC), and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), was defined. In the first step, standard solutions of the analytes prepared in methanol were investigated in order to determine optimum parameters for the DART-MS. Because of the very low concentrations of UV filters expected in environmental water samples, a pre-concentration step using stir bar sorptive extraction was performed. DART-MS allows the direct, simple and rapid semi-quantitative analysis of the analytes enriched on the surface of the polydimethylsiloxane-coated stir bars. The optimized method provided calibration curves with correlation coefficients R > 0.959, repeatability from 5% (for 4-MBC) to 30% (for BM-DBM) relative standard deviation and limits of detection lower than 40 ng L(-1) for all analytes. Finally, real lake water samples from locations with typical leisure activities were analyzed. Results obtained with the developed DART-MS method were cross-checked by confirmatory analysis using thermodesorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Thereby, it could be demonstrated that both analytical methods provide comparable concentrations for the UV filters in the lake water samples.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes-Kepler-University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria. manuela.haunschmidt@jku.at.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haunschmidt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes-Kepler-University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria.
authors.forename: Christian W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Klampfl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes-Kepler-University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Buchberger
authors.affiliation: JEOL (Europe) BV, Leuvensesteenweg 542, 1930, Zaventem, Belgium.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hertsens