title: Open surgical repair of ruptured juxtarenal aortic aneurysms with and without renal cooling: observations regarding morbidity and mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about the outcome of ruptured juxtarenal aortic aneurysm (RJAA) repair. Surgical treatment of RJAAs requires suprarenal aortic cross-clamping, which causes additional renal ischemia-reperfusion injury on top of the pre-existing hypovolemic shock syndrome. As endovascular alternatives rarely exist in this situation, open repair continues to be the gold standard. We analyzed our results of open RJAA repair during an 11-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 1997 and December 2008, all consecutive patients with RJAAs were included in the study. Part of these patients received cold perfusion of the kidneys during suprarenal aortic cross-clamping. Perioperative variables, morbidity, and 30-day or in-hospital mortality were assessed. Renal insufficiency was defined as an acute rise of >or=0.5 mg/dL in serum creatinine level. Multiple organ failure (MOF) was scored using the sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA score).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 29 consecutive patients with an RJAA, confirmed by computed tomography-scanning, presented to our hospital. In eight patients, the operation was aborted before the start of aortic repair, because no blood pressure could be regained in spite of maximal resuscitation measures. They were excluded from further analysis. Of the remaining 21 patients, 10 died during hospital stay. Renal insufficiency occurred in 11 out of 21 of the patients. Eleven out of 21 patients developed MOF postoperatively. In a subgroup of patients who received renal cooling during suprarenal aortic clamping, the 30-day or in-hospital mortality was two of 10 vs eight of 11 in patients who did not receive renal cooling (P = .03); renal insufficiency occurred in one out of 10 patients in the subgroup with renal cooling vs 10 out of 11 without renal cooling (P < .001) and MOF in two of 10 vs nine of 11, respectively (P = .009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open surgical repair of RJAAs is still associated with high mortality and morbidity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cold perfusion of the kidneys during RJAA repair. Although numbers are small, a beneficial effect of renal cooling on the outcome of RJAA repair is suggested, warranting further research with this technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kak K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Geert J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Tangelder
authors.forename: Wing Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Hans M E
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Coveliers
authors.forename: Arjan W J
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hoksbergen
authors.forename: Paul A M
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Elly S M
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: de Lange-de Klerk
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wisselink
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001019:Aortic Rupture / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001027:Aortography / Q000379:methods; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003250:Constriction; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010477:Perfusion; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine