title: Estradiol selectively stimulates endothelial prostacyclin production through estrogen receptor-{alpha}.
abstract: Estradiol (E(2)) acts on the endothelium to promote vasodilatation through the release of several compounds, including prostanoids, which are products of arachidonic acid metabolism. Among these, prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) exert opposite effects on vascular tone. The role of different estrogen receptors (ERs) in the PGI2/TXA2 balance, however, has not been fully elucidated. Our study sought to uncover whether E(2) enhances basal production of PGI2 or TXA2 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), to analyze the enzymatic mechanisms involved, and to evaluate the different roles of both types of ERs (ERalpha and ERbeta). HUVECs were exposed to E(2), selective ERalpha (1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1h-pyrazole, PPT) or ERbeta (diarylpropionitrile, DPN) agonists and antagonists (unspecific: ICI 182 780; specific for ERalpha: methyl-piperidino-pyrazole, MPP). PGI2 and TXA2 production was measured by ELISA. Expression of phospholipases, cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), PGI2 synthase (PGIS), and thromboxane synthase (TXAS) was analyzed by western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. E(2) (1-100 nM) dose dependently increased PGI2 production (up to 50%), without affecting TXA2 production. COX-1 and PGIS protein and gene expressions were increased, whereas COX-2, phospholipases, and TXAS expression remained unaltered. All these effects were mediated through ERalpha, since they were produced not only in the presence of E(2), but also in that of PPT, while they were abolished in the presence of MPP. In conclusion, E(2), acting through ERalpha, up-regulates COX-1 and PGIS expression, thus directing prostanoid balance toward increased PGI2 production.
authors.affiliation: Research Foundation Cardiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, E 46010 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Agua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sobrino
authors.forename: Pilar J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Oviedo
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Novella
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laguna-Fernandez
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: García-Pérez
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tarín
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hermenegildo
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D054513:Group IV Phospholipases A2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004958:Estradiol; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D011464:Epoprostenol; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D054513:Group IV Phospholipases A2; C516389:PLA2G4A protein, human; C516392:PLA2G4B protein, human; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C022461:prostacyclin synthetase