title: Preparation, characterization, and anticancer effects of simvastatin-tocotrienol lipid nanoparticles.
abstract: Previously it was shown that combined low dose treatment of tocotrienols and statins synergistically inhibited the growth of highly malignant +SA mammary epithelial cells in culture. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to prepare and characterize lipid nanoparticles that combined simvastatin and tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) as potential anticancer therapy. The entrapment of simvastatin in the oily nanocompartments, which were formed by TRF inclusion into the solid matrix of the nanoparticles, was verified by its high entrapment efficiency and the absence of endothermic or crystalline peaks when blends were analyzed by DSC and PXRD, respectively. The release of simvastatin from the nanoparticles in sink conditions was characterized by an initial burst release of approximately 20% in 10h followed by a plateau. No significant change in particle size (approximately 100 nm) was observed after storage for six months. The anticancer activity of the nanoparticles was verified in vitro by observing their antiproliferative effects on malignant +SA mammary epithelial cells. The IC(50) of the reference alpha-tocopherol nanoparticles was 17.7 microM whereas the IC(50) of the simvastatin/TRF nanoparticles was 0.52 microM, which confirmed the potency of the combined treatment and its potential in cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA.
authors.forename: Hazem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Amit B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Shirode
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Sylvester
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nazzal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D005260:Female; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008055:Lipids; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010316:Particle Size; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008055:Lipids; D024508:Tocotrienols; D019821:Simvastatin