title: Small dose contrast venography as venous mapping in predialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate radiocontrast-induced nephrotoxicity (RIN), and the image quality and findings of venography using small doses of radiocontrast as a venous mapping method in pre-dialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease underwent arm venography with 10-15 ml of dilute contrast medium. Image quality, venographic findings and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) before and after the procedure were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean GFR was 19.3+/-5.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 (7-30 ml/min/1.73 m2). Image quality of venography in the forearm and upper arm veins was good in all patients. Central veins were visualized well in 26 (92.8%) patients. Eight (28.5%) patients showed cephalic veins inadequate for creation of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) because of occlusion or small diameter veins. There was no significant difference in GFR between the pre- and post-study (19.3+/-5.8 vs. 19.2+/-6.2 ml/min/1.73 m2, p=0.693). RIN developed (GFR: 17 to 13 ml/min/1.73 m2) in only one patient but without sequelae, and the GFR completely recovered to baseline level 7 days after the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small dose venography is safe and effective for venous mapping in pre-dialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Ja Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Shin
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Young Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sun Ae
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Yong Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong Tai
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Sun Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Ok
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply*; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D056910:Republic of Korea
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media