title: Structure, process, and outcome of all intensive care units within the province of British Columbia, Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the total and regional capacity for critical care in British Columbia (BC), Canada, and to describe regional variation in number of intensive care units (ICUs), size of ICUs, length of ICU stay, ICU occupancy, key processes of critical care, and hospital mortality for ICU patients in B.C.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, we used retrospectively collected data from all patients admitted to an ICU in BC between April 1, 1998, and March 31, 1999, and responses to a survey about organizational factors for all ICUs in BC that was done in 2001 and updated in 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of ICU beds in each geographic region in BC is inversely related to the population density and population growth within those regions. In addition, the distribution of ICU beds does not match the distribution of specialized and high-risk clinical services. There is wide variation by geographic region and by size of ICU in physician and nurse staffing, physician model of care, availability and participation of respiratory therapists, and other support services in clinical care and in reported use of clinical practice guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variation and lack of availability of key processes for care of critically ill patients in this population identifies opportunities for knowledge translation and systematic improvement including regionalization of care.
authors.affiliation: Program in Critical Care Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital and University of BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. pedodek@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dodek
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norena
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001955:British Columbia; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006276:Health Facility Size; D006742:Hospital Bed Capacity; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008486:Physician Executives / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011156:Population Density; D012041:Regional Medical Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014478:Unemployment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000078329:Workforce