title: It's Your Game: Keep It Real: delaying sexual behavior with an effective middle school program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study tested the effects of a theory-based, middle-school human immunodeficiency virus, STI, and pregnancy prevention program, It's Your Game: Keep it Real (IYG), in delaying sexual behavior. We hypothesized that the IYG intervention would decrease the number of adolescents who initiated sexual activity by the ninth grade compared with those in the comparison schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  The target population consisted of English-speaking middle school students from a large, urban, predominantly African-American and Hispanic school district in Southeast Texas. Ten middle schools were randomly assigned either to receive the intervention or to the comparison condition. Seventh-grade students were recruited and followed through ninth grade. The IYG intervention comprises 12 seventh-grade and 12 eighth-grade lessons that integrate group-based classroom activities with computer-based instruction and personal journaling. Ninth-grade follow-up surveys were completed by 907 students (92% of the defined cohort). The primary hypothesis tested was that the intervention would decrease the number of adolescents who initiated sexual activity by the ninth grade compared with those in the comparison schools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost one-third (29.9%, n=509) of the students in the comparison condition initiated sex by ninth grade compared with almost one-quarter (23.4%, n=308) of those in the intervention condition. After adjusting for covariates, students in the comparison condition were 1.29 times more likely to initiate sex by the ninth grade than those in the intervention condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A theory-driven, multi-component, curriculum-based intervention can delay sexual initiation up to 24 months; can have impact on specific types of sexual behavior such as initiation of oral and anal sex; and may be especially effective with females. Future research must explore the generalizabilty of these results.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Susan.Tortolero@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Tortolero
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Markham
authors.forename: Melissa Fleschler
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Peskin
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shegog
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Addy
authors.forename: S Liliana
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Escobar-Chaves
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Baumler
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012572:School Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D012736:Sex Education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012746:Sexual Abstinence / Q000208:ethnology*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data