title: Anal fissure.
abstract: Anal fissure is a common disorder that is effectively treated and prevented with conservative measures in its acute form, whereas chronic fissures may require medical or surgical therapy. This article discusses the nonoperative and operative management strategies, reviews the current literature on expected outcomes, and provides guidance on dealing with fissures in special situations, such as patients with inflammatory bowel disease or hypotonic sphincters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L-223A, Portland, OR 97239, USA. herzigd@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Daniel O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Herzig
authors.forename: Kim C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D004110:Diltiazem; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D009543:Nifedipine