title: Interactive voice response technology can deliver alcohol screening and brief intervention in primary care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol screening and brief intervention (BI) is an effective primary care preventive service, but implementation rates are low. Automating BI using interactive voice response (IVR) may be an efficient way to expand patient access to needed information and advice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop IVR-based BI and pilot test it for feasibility and acceptability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-group pre-post feasibility study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary care patients presenting for an office visit.
  
  
  METHODS
  IVR-BI structured to correspond to the provider BI method recommended by NIAAA: (1) Ask about use; (2) Assess problems; (3) Advise and Assist for change, and (4) Follow up for continued support. Advice was tailored to patient readiness and preferences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Utilization rate, call duration, and patients' subjective reports of usefulness, comfort and honesty with the IVR-BI. Pre-post evaluation of motivation to change and change in alcohol consumption as measured by Timeline Follow Back.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Call duration ranged from 3-7 minutes. Subjective reactions were generally positive or neutral. About 40% of subjects indicated IVR-BI had motivated them to change. About half of the patients had discussed drinking with their provider at the visit. These tended to be heavier drinkers with greater concerns about drinking. Patients who reported a provider-delivered BI and called the IVR-BI endorsed greater comfort and honesty with the IVR-BI. On average, a 25% reduction in alcohol use was reported two weeks after the clinic visit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using IVR technology to deliver BI in a primary care setting is feasible and data suggest potential for efficacy in a larger trial.
authors.affiliation: The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. Gail.Rose@vtmednet.org
authors.forename: Gail L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: MacLean
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skelly
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Badger
authors.forename: Tonya A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Helzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D013677:Medical Laboratory Science; D054563:National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S.); D009819:Office Visits; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D049250:Speech Recognition Software; D014481:United States; D014584:User-Computer Interface