title: Observed and predicted growth responses in prepubertal children with growth disorders: guidance of growth hormone treatment by empirical variables.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information about the expected growth response of children to GH therapy is currently inadequate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to compare observed and expected growth in response to GH in prepubertal children and to propose how these parameters can be used to optimize GH therapy. Indices considered were observed growth, observed growth relative to reference data [height sd score (Ht SDS), change in (Delta) Ht SDS, height velocity (HV)], and observed growth relative to growth predicted from prediction models [Studentized residual (SR)]. Design/Setting/Patients/Intervention: Growth data from KIGS-Pfizer International Growth Database-on prepubertal children aged 1-13 yr with severe GH deficiency (GHD; maxGH <5 microg/liter; n = 2129), with less-severe GHD (maxGH of 5-10 microg/liter; n = 3075), and with Turner syndrome (n = 2350), and short children born small for gestational age (n = 993) were analyzed before and during 2 yr of GH treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each patient group, growth responses during the first 2 yr of GH treatment were established. The relationships of HV and DeltaHt SDS with SR were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reference data were generated for assessing adequate individual responses. Responses to GH in terms of HV and DeltaHt SDS were greatest in children with severe GHD. HV and DeltaHt SDS were highly correlated with SR during only the first year of GH treatment (R approximately 0.7; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decisions on GH therapy regimens should be made using both traditional (HV or DeltaHt SDS) and prediction model-derived (SR) indices of growth response.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Endocrinology Section, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe Seyler Strasse 1, Tuebingen D-72076, Germany. michael.ranke@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ranke
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000465:Algorithms; D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone