title: Activation of liver X receptor-alpha reduces activation of the renal and cardiac renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
abstract: Liver X receptor (LXR)-alpha is a pivotal player in reverse cholesterol metabolism. Recently, LXR-alpha was implicated as an immediate regulator of renin expression in a cAMP-responsive manner. To determine whether long-term LXR-alpha activation affects activation of the renal and cardiac renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), we treated mice with T0901317 (T09, a specific synthetic LXR agonist) in combination with the RAAS inducer isoproterenol (ISO). LXR-alpha-deficient (LXR-alpha(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6J mice were treated with ISO, T09 or both for 7 days. Low-dose ISO treatment, not associated with an increase in blood pressure, caused an increase in renal renin mRNA, renin protein and ACE protein in WT mice. WT mice treated with both ISO and T09 had decreased renal renin, ACE and AT(1)R mRNA expression compared with mice treated with ISO only. Cardiac ACE mRNA expression was also reduced in the hearts of WT mice treated with ISO and T09 compared with those treated with ISO alone. The transcriptional changes of renin, ACE and AT(1)R were mostly absent in mice deficient for LXR-alpha, suggesting that these effects are importantly conferred through LXR-alpha. In conclusion, LXR-alpha activation blunts ISO-induced increases in mRNA expression of renin, AT(1)R and ACE in the heart and kidney. These findings suggest a role for LXR-alpha in RAAS regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kuipers
authors.forename: Pim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van der Harst
authors.forename: Folkert
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kuipers
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Genne
authors.forename: Maaike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goris
authors.forename: Jukka Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
authors.forename: Dirk J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: van Veldhuisen
authors.forename: Wiek H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: van Gilst
authors.forename: Rudolf A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Boer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000502:physiology*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012083:Renin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000071518:Liver X Receptors; C000605214:Nr1h3 protein, mouse; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D012083:Renin