title: Upper limbs function after intrathecal baclofen therapy in children with secondary dystonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Different studies show the efficacy of intrathecal baclofen therapy (ITB) in patients with secondary dystonia because of cerebral palsy. These studies only report improvements related to dystonia reduction; however, none of them have assessed whether such benefit is reflected in limb function. The purpose of our study is to determine whether the effects ITB therapy in patients with secondary dystonia to cerebral palsy, in addition to reducing dystonia, may also improve upper limb function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with secondary dystonia, classified as levels 3 and 4 of the Gross Motor Function Classification System, were treated with ITB. The mean age at implant was 11.3 (SD+/-3.02) years.Before treatment and 12 months after implant, the patients were evaluated by the Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb and the Barry Albright scale to assess upper limb function and dystonia, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a statistically significant improvement in both scales. The Melbourne scale total percentage score, for both limbs, increased in all patients (P<0.05). Dystonia assessed by the Barry Albright scale scale decreased significantly by 15% from baseline to 12 months follow-up (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with secondary dystonia treated with ITB, functional improvement of the upper limbs was observed in addition to dystonia reduction. In patients with secondary dystonia, ITB is a treatment that aims to achieve a general reduction of dystonia; this study want to show the influence that this reduction has to functional ability of patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic study: level 4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milano, Italy. f.motta@icp.mi.it
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.forename: Clara E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Antonello
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stignani
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001418:Baclofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D001418:Baclofen