title: Panic disorder: a review of DSM-IV panic disorder and proposals for DSM-V.
abstract: This review covers the literature since the publication of DSM-IV on the diagnostic criteria for panic attacks (PAs) and panic disorder (PD). Specific recommendations are made based on the evidence available. In particular, slight changes are proposed for the wording of the diagnostic criteria for PAs to ease the differentiation between panic and surrounding anxiety; simplification and clarification of the operationalization of types of PAs (expected vs. unexpected) is proposed; and consideration is given to the value of PAs as a specifier for all DSM diagnoses and to the cultural validity of certain symptom profiles. In addition, slight changes are proposed for the wording of the diagnostic criteria to increase clarity and parsimony of the criteria. Finally, based on the available evidence, no changes are proposed with regard to the developmental expression of PAs or PD. This review presents a number of options and preliminary recommendations to be considered for DSM-V.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California. craske@psych.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Michelle G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Craske
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kircanski
authors.forename: Alyssa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Wittchen
authors.forename: Danny S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pine
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lewis-Fernández
authors.forename: Devon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hinton
mesh_terms: D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*