title: Significance of patient categorization for perioperative management of children with tetralogy of Fallot, with special regard to co-existing malformations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of our study was to facilitate perioperative calculation of potential risk factors on the outcome of corrective surgery for children with tetralogy of Fallot.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 81 (44 female and 37 male) out of a total of 87 patients undergoing complete surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot between 1988 and 2004 at the Children's Hospital of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz were reviewed. PATIENTS were divided into four categories, depending on the severity of pulmonary stenosis and cyanosis, as well as on the type of pulmonary circulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Additional malformations did not affect mortality rates, but did directly affect the number of pleural effusions, time of epinephrine administration, duration of surgery, bypass, and ischemia, as well as length of hospitalization and intensive care unit treatment. In contrast to longer periods of extracorporeal circulation and ischemia during surgery, which are directly related not only to more complex anatomical situations but also to higher mortality and complication rates, the much-debated question of age at surgery had no influence either on the surgical approach itself or on the post-operative outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our patient categorization, and evaluation of potential pre-operative risk factors and intraoperative parameters, should prove useful for the future planning and execution of therapeutic procedures in institutions around the world.
authors.affiliation: University of Mainz, Children's Hospital, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knuf
authors.forename: Włodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kuroczyński
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schone
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huth
authors.forename: Michael von
authors.initials: Mv
authors.lastname: Rhein
authors.forename: Christian-Friedrich
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Vahl
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kampann
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D000293:Adolescent; D001011:Aorta; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000150:complications; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010361:Patients / Q000145:classification*; D019990:Perioperative Care; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D004837:Epinephrine