title: Extensive enteric nervous system abnormalities in mice transgenic for artificial chromosomes containing Parkinson disease-associated alpha-synuclein gene mutations precede central nervous system changes.
abstract: Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with motor as well as non-motor signs in the gastrointestinal tract that include dysphagia, gastroparesis, prolonged gastrointestinal transit time, constipation and difficulty with defecation. The gastrointestinal dysfunction commonly precedes the motor symptoms by decades. Most PD is sporadic and of unknown etiology, but a fraction is familial. Among familial forms of PD, a small fraction is caused by missense (A53T, A30P and E46K) and copy number mutations in SNCA which encodes alpha-synuclein, a primary protein constituent of Lewy bodies, the pathognomonic protein aggregates found in neurons in PD. We set out to develop transgenic mice expressing mutant alpha-synuclein (either A53T or A30P) from insertions of an entire human SNCA gene as models for the familial disease. Both the A53T and A30P lines show robust abnormalities in enteric nervous system (ENS) function and synuclein-immunoreactive aggregates in ENS ganglia by 3 months of age. The A53T line also has abnormal motor behavior but neither demonstrates cardiac autonomic abnormalities, olfactory dysfunction, dopaminergic neurotransmitter deficits, Lewy body inclusions or neurodegeneration. These animals recapitulate the early gastrointestinal abnormalities seen in human PD. The animals also serve as an in vivo system in which to investigate therapies for reversing the neurological dysfunction that target alpha-synuclein toxicity at its earliest stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Yien-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Zhishan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gaborit
authors.forename: Amar K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pani
authors.forename: Bonnie M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Orrison
authors.forename: Benoit G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Bruneau
authors.forename: Benoit I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Giasson
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Smeyne
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gershon
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Nussbaum
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D045442:Rotarod Performance Test; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; D004298:Dopamine