title: Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein is a highly specific biomarker for traumatic brain injury in humans compared with S-100B and neuron-specific enolase.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a specific predictor of brain damage and neurologic outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, serum GFAP, S-100B, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were compared in the same samples from severe trauma patients to assess their ability to predict abnormalities detectable on head computed tomography (CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a retrospective analysis at a single university emergency center. Thirty-four trauma patients were included. Serum samples were collected from the patients for 3 days. Serum GFAP, S-100B, and NSE concentrations were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and compared in patients with and without TBI, as evaluated by head CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum GFAP, S-100B, and NSE were significantly higher in the TBI patients than in the non-TBI patients (p < 0.05 for each protein). The receiver operating characteristic curves for TBI were compared for the three biomarkers for 3 days. Serum GFAP on day 1 had the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.983), with 88.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum GFAP has remarkable diagnostic value for TBI, defined by abnormal head CT findings, in prehospital-triaged patients with severe trauma.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsuruta
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasaoka
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Todani
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maekawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase