title: Prognosis in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction treated invasively is related to renal function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rapidly increasing. Both comorbidities are considered significant risk factors for cardiovascular complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of DM with and without CKD on prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated invasively.
  
  
  METHODS
  This single-center prospective study encompassed 3334 AMI-patients without cardiogenic shock, who were divided into 2 major groups: 999 patients with type 2 DM diagnosed prior to or during index hospitalization, and 2335 non-diabetics. All diabetic patients were divided with respect to their renal status into: diabetics with CKD (DM-CKD; n=264) and without (DM-nCKD; n=735). Short- and long-term outcomes were compared between study groups. Independent predictors of death and composite end-point were selected with multivariate Cox-regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality rates were significantly higher in DM group compared to nDM in all observation periods. DM-CKD was associated with excessive total mortality (35.6%) when compared to DM-nCKD (11.6%, P<0.001) and to nDM (9.8%, P<0.001). Mortality and major adverse cardiovascular event rates did not differ significantly between DM-nCKD and nDM groups. Diabetes coexisting with CKD was one of the strongest independent risk factors for death (hazard ratio 1.93; confidence interval 1.79-2.07; P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis in diabetics with AMI is significantly related to renal function. Diabetics without CKD had similar prognosis to non-diabetics. Multivariate analyses showed that unlike diabetes without renal dysfunction, DM-CKD was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications and total mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland. jacekmed@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
authors.forename: Radoslaw
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lenarczyk
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Strojek
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zielinska
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gumprecht
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sedkowska
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kukulski
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swierad
authors.forename: Oskar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sredniawa
authors.forename: Lech
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Polonski
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zembala
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kalarus
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003710:Demography; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome