The pollutant diethylhexyl phthalate regulates hepatic energy metabolism via species-specific PPARalpha-dependent mechanisms.
BACKGROUND
The modulation of energetic homeostasis by pollutants has recently emerged as a potential contributor to the onset of metabolic disorders. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used industrial plasticizer to which humans are widely exposed. Phthalates can activate the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isotypes on cellular models and induce peroxisome proliferation in rodents.


OBJECTIVE
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the systemic and metabolic consequences of DEHP exposure that have remained so far unexplored and to characterize the underlying molecular mechanisms of action.


METHODS
As a proof of concept and mechanism, genetically engineered mouse models of PPARs were exposed to high doses of DEHP, followed by metabolic and molecular analyses.


RESULTS
DEHP-treated mice were protected from diet-induced obesity via PPARalpha-dependent activation of hepatic fatty acid catabolism, whereas the activity of neither PPARbeta nor PPARgamma was affected. However, the lean phenotype observed in response to DEHP in wild-type mice was surprisingly abolished in PPARalpha-humanized mice. These species differences are associated with a different pattern of coregulator recruitment.


CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate that DEHP exerts species-specific metabolic actions that rely to a large extent on PPARalpha signaling and highlight the metabolic importance of the species-specific activation of PPARalpha by xenobiotic compounds.
Feige
Jérôme N
JN
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Center Frontiers in Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Gerber
Alan
A
Casals-Casas
Cristina
C
Yang
Qian
Q
Winkler
Carine
C
Bedu
Elodie
E
Bueno
Manuel
M
Gelman
Laurent
L
Auwerx
Johan
J
Gonzalez
Frank J
FJ
Desvergne
Béatrice
B
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000494:pharmacology*
D005227:Fatty Acids; D047493:PPAR alpha; D010968:Plasticizers; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate