title: Freund's complete and incomplete adjuvants, preparation, and quality control standards for experimental laboratory animals use.
abstract: Quality control and quality assurance procedures are discussed for the agreed benchmark standard Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). In addition, the use of the incomplete adjuvant (FIA) in the preparation of antisera is discussed. A major problem is the use of a safe and suitable mineral oil in FCA and FIA; manufacturers should provide infra-red spectra and gas liquid chromatography analyses. A range of safety tests, toxicity, pyrogenicity and endotoxin assays and advice on practical procedures for the use of these adjuvants are described.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection and Immunity, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors.forename: Duncan E S
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Stewart-Tull
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000592:standards*; D023421:Models, Animal; D011786:Quality Control; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant