title: A systematic review of selected interventions for worksite health promotion. The assessment of health risks with feedback.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many health behaviors and physiologic indicators can be used to estimate one's likelihood of illness or premature death. Methods have been developed to assess this risk, most notably the use of a health-risk assessment or biometric screening tool. This report provides recommendations on the effectiveness of interventions that use an Assessment of Health Risks with Feedback (AHRF) when used alone or as part of a broader worksite health promotion program to improve the health of employees.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Guide to Community Preventive Services' methods for systematic reviews were used to evaluate the effectiveness of AHRF when used alone and when used in combination with other intervention components. Effectiveness was assessed on the basis of changes in health behaviors and physiologic estimates, but was also informed by changes in risk estimates, healthcare service use, and worker productivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The review team identified strong evidence of effectiveness of AHRF when used with health education with or without other intervention components for five outcomes. There is sufficient evidence of effectiveness for four additional outcomes assessed. There is insufficient evidence to determine effectiveness for others such as changes in body composition and fruit and vegetable intake. The team also found insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of AHRF when implemented alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of these reviews indicate that AHRF is useful as a gateway intervention to a broader worksite health promotion program that includes health education lasting > or =1 hour or repeating multiple times during 1 year, and that may include an array of health promotion activities. These reviews form the basis of the recommendations by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services presented elsewhere in this supplement.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Health Marketing, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. RSoler@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Robin E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: Kimberly D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Leeks
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Razi
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aten
authors.forename: Sajal K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Habarta
authors.forename: Ron Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Goetzel
authors.forename: Nicolaas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Pronk
authors.forename: Dennis E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Richling
authors.forename: Deborah R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Leigh Ramsey
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: Curtis S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Florence
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Koonin
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: MacLean
authors.forename: Abby
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Dyann
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matson Koffman
authors.forename: James V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Grizzell
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D004526:Efficiency; D005246:Feedback; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016272:Occupational Health; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D017132:Workplace