title: Referrals into services for offenders with intellectual disabilities: variables predicting community or secure provision.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a need for research to promote an understanding among service developers on why people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are referred to offender services in order for them to receive appropriate assessment and treatment. Previous studies investigating referrals into forensic ID services have concentrated on referral sources and administrative variables such as legal status.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To construct a predictive model for choice of service referral based on a comprehensive range of information about the clientele.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a case record study of 336 people referred to community services and 141 to secure provision. We gathered information on referral source, demographics, diagnosis, index behaviour, prior problem behaviours and history of abuse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparisons revealed 19 candidate variables which were then entered into multivariate logistic regression. The resulting model retained six variables: community living at time of referral, physical aggression, being charged, referral from tertiary health care, diverse problem behaviour and IQ < 50, which correctly predicted the referral pathway for 85.7% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An index act of physical aggression and a history of diversity of problem behaviours as predictors against the likelihood of community service referral suggest that professionals have similar concerns about people with ID as they do about their more average offending peers; however, the more severe levels of ID mitigated in favour of community referral, regardless. Offenders with ID tend to be referred within levels of service rather than between them, for example, form tertiary services into generic community services.
authors.affiliation: University of Abertay, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Jessica R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steptoe
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057237:Criminals / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003688:Deinstitutionalization / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019989:Persons with Intellectual Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012946:Social Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult