title: The human genome and sport, including epigenetics, gene doping, and athleticogenomics.
abstract: Hugh Montgomery's discovery of the first of more than 239 fitness genes together with rapid advances in human gene therapy have created a prospect of using genes, genetic elements, and cells that have the capacity to enhance athletic performance (to paraphrase the World Anti-Doping Agency's definition of gene doping). This brief overview covers the main areas of interface between genetics and sport, attempts to provide a context against which gene doping may be viewed, and predicts a futuristic legitimate use of genomic (and possibly epigenetic) information in sport.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University, Uxbridge, West London, UK.
authors.forename: N C Craig
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Sharp
mesh_terms: D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000379:methods* / Q000517:prevention & control; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000235:genetics; D005221:Fatigue / Q000235:genetics; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D055435:Myostatin / Q000235:genetics; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin / Q000235:genetics; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D055435:Myostatin; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin; D004921:Erythropoietin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C000705307:ACE2 protein, human; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2