title: Improved fat-water reconstruction algorithm with graphics hardware acceleration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a fast and robust Iterative Decomposition of water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-squares (IDEAL) reconstruction algorithm using graphics processor unit (GPU) computation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The fat-water reconstruction was expedited by vectorizing the fat-water parameter estimation, which was implemented on a graphics card to evaluate potential speed increases due to data-parallelization. In addition, we vectorized and compared Brent's method with golden section search for the optimization of the unknown field inhomogeneity parameter (psi) in the IDEAL equations. The algorithm was made more robust to fat-water ambiguities using a modified planar extrapolation (MPE) of psi algorithm. As compared to simple planar extrapolation (PE), the use of an averaging filter in MPE made the reconstruction more robust to neighborhoods poorly fit by a two-dimensional plane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fat-water reconstruction time was reduced by up to a factor of 11.6 on a GPU as compared to CPU-only reconstruction. The MPE algorithms incorrectly assigned fewer pixels than PE using careful manual correction as a gold standard (0.7% versus 4.5%; P < 10(-4)). Brent's method used fewer iterations than golden section search in the vast majority of pixels (6.8 +/- 1.5 versus 9.6 +/- 1.6 iterations).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data sets acquired on a high field scanner can be quickly and robustly reconstructed using our algorithm. A GPU implementation results in significant time savings, which will become increasingly important with the trend toward high resolution mouse and human imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Sreenath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.forename: Chris A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Flask
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D050218:Body Fat Distribution / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water