title: Physiological and pathological roles for microRNAs in the immune system.
abstract: Mammalian microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been identified as important regulators of gene expression, and they function by repressing specific target genes at the post-transcriptional level. Now, studies of miRNAs are resolving some unsolved issues in immunology. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs have unique expression profiles in cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems and have pivotal roles in the regulation of both cell development and function. Furthermore, when miRNAs are aberrantly expressed they can contribute to pathological conditions involving the immune system, such as cancer and autoimmunity; they have also been shown to be useful as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of disease type and severity. This Review discusses recent advances in our understanding of both the intended functions of miRNAs in managing immune cell biology and their pathological roles when their expression is dysregulated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 330 Braun, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: Dinesh S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Aadel A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baltimore
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000276:immunology*; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs