title: Sialoendoscopic secondary intervention after failure of open sialolithectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Traditionally, sialoadenectomy was always indicated when open sialolithectomy failed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of sialoendoscopy as the secondary intervention after failure of open sialolithectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 15 patients with obstructive salivary gland disease with failure of open sialolithectomy were prospectively recruited for our study. All these patients underwent sialoendoscopy under local anesthesia. The reasons for the failure of open sialolithectomy were analyzed, and secondary interventions were performed using sialoendoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Failure of open sialolithectomy resulted from 4 main causes. Small stones could not be found after the duct was incised (n = 3); the stones were pushed posteriorly during open surgery (n = 4); the stones located in the anterior part of the duct were removed, but the hilar stones were left untouched (n = 5); and radiolucent stones were missed (n = 3). All the patients were treated successfully by sialoendoscopy. No symptoms or signs of recurrence developed during a median follow-up period of 16 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sialoendoscopy can be recommended as an effective secondary intervention after failure of open sialolithectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yu-xiong
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gui-qing
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Hai-chao
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yu-jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Guang-sen
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D018987:Salivary Ducts / Q000601:surgery; D015494:Salivary Gland Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D055815:Young Adult