title: A critical look on condoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To protect the public health, the practice of safer sex, promoted in a sex-positive way, is necessary. It includes saying no to unwanted sex, being faithful, having fewer partners, having sex that does not include intercourse, and using condoms. This is not just to prevent HIV and Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but also to prevent unwanted pregnancy STI-related infertility and negative pregnancy outcomes, and cervical cancer- and most importantly to protect children and for partners to protect each other. Couples in stable relationships are now changing their sexual behavior due to increasing awareness on HIV and other STIs. While some are abstaining from premarital sex, others are being faithful to their partners. However, large numbers of people are yet to adopt safer sexual behavior through correct condom use. Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemics, condom distribution has greatly increased.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review on the topic was done using Pubmed. Relevant journals and topics were also reviewed. Textbooks on relevant topics were also searched.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The consistent use of male latex condoms significantly reduces the risk of HIV infection in men and women. Consistent use of male latex condoms reduces the risk of gonorrhea in men. Laboratory studies have proved that latex condom is impermeable to the infectious agents in genital secretions, including the smallest viruses. Male condoms may be less effective in protecting against STIs that are transmitted by skin-to-skin contact, if that area is not covered by the condom.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Condoms are currently the only available means of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV and some other STIs. Condoms exist for both men and women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria. jhkigbu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kigbu
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Nyango
mesh_terms: D017280:Condoms; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011275:Pregnancy, Unwanted; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*