title: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of musculoskeletal lesions at 3 T with metabolite quantification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) at 3 T with metabolite quantification is helpful for characterizing musculoskeletal lesions and to reveal whether the concentration of choline is correlated with the pathologic degree of malignancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-tesla MR images and proton MRS data from 27 consecutive patients with surgically proven musculoskeletal lesions were retrospectively analyzed. We analyzed the presence of choline peaks of malignant tumors according to the degree of malignancies, and we compared them with those of benign lesions. The concentrations of choline calculated by means of the linear combination of model spectra were also compared with respect to the degree of malignancy in each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proton MRS had an overall sensitivity of 68.4%, specificity of 87.5%, positive predictive value of 92.3%, and negative predictive value of 53.8% for the detection of choline compounds. The positive detection rate for choline compounds in the primary malignancy group (53.8%) was lower than that of the metastasis group (100%). All false-negative results were shown in the Grade 1 primary malignancy group. There was no difference in the concentration of choline compounds with respect to the pathologic degree of differentiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR spectroscopy at 3 T with metabolite quantification is a helpful method that shows high specificity (87.5%) in characterizing musculoskeletal lesions, even though its sensitivity (68.4%) is relatively low. Grade 1 primary malignancies of bone and soft tissue tumor have a high potential for producing false-negative results.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chan Wha
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Joo-Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dae Hong
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hye Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Byung-Kiu
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hwan Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hyun Guy
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jin-Suck
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ehara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011522:Protons; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011522:Protons