title: A novel fluoroscopic-assisted balloon thrombectomy technique for thrombosed hemodialysis prosthetic grafts [corrected].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown that stenosis of the arterial anastomosis of thrombosed hemodialysis (HD) grafts, unmasked after conventional thrombectomy, very often necessitate subsequent arterial angioplasty. The aim of this study was to describe a novel fluoroscopic-assisted balloon thrombectomy technique which permits simultaneous arterial angioplasty (should this is required) for thrombosed HD grafts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with 36 thrombotic episodes of their prosthetic HD grafts participated in this study. A balloon angioplasty catheter is placed beyond the arterial anastomosis, over a guidewire; the balloon is inflated with contrast solution under fluoroscopy and pulled back to remove the arterial thrombus from the anastomosis. Any coexisting stenosis revealed by balloon indentation is completely dilated at that time, rather than after the thrombectomy. Mechanical thrombolysis of the graft and venous outflow is then performed with the AngioJet catheter (Possis Medical, Inc).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical and clinical success rates (the latter defined as one subsequent HD session) of the procedure were 100% and 94%, respectively. No complications, including arterial embolism, vessel rupture or pulmonary embolism, were encountered. Primary assisted patency at 3 and 6 months was 51% and 32%, respectively, while functional secondary patency at the same follow-up points was 78%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our technique is safe and also effective in both short- and long-term follow-up. Because it offers convenience, since the treatment of arterial anastomotic stenoses is accomplished in one (rather than two) steps, this method deserves further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Stavros K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kakkos
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: Georges K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Haddad
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D014654:Vascular Patency