title: AC480, formerly BMS-599626, a pan Her inhibitor, enhances radiosensitivity and radioresponse of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated the effect of AC480, a small molecule pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on in vitro radiosensitivity and in vivo radioresponse of a human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  HN-5 cells were exposed to γ-radiation with and without AC480 and assayed for proliferation, clonogenic survival, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and DNA damage. The cells were analyzed by immunoprecipitation and western blotting for proteins involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and the EGFR pathway. The effect of AC480 on tumor radioresponse was assessed by tumor growth delay assay using HN5 tumor xenografts generated in nude mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the molecular level, in HN-5 cells the agent inhibited the expression of pEGFR, pHER2, cyclins D and E, pRb, pAkt, pMAPK, pCDK1 and 2, CDK 6, and Ku70 proteins. The drug also induced accumulation of cells in the G1 cell cycle phase, inhibited cell growth, enhanced radiosensitivity, and prolonged the presence of γ-H₂AX foci up to 24 h after radiation. AC480 did not increase the percentage of cells undergoing radiation-induced apoptosis. The drug given before and during irradiation improved the radioresponse of HN5 tumors in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AC480 significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of HN-5 cells, expressing both EGFR and Her2. The mechanisms involved in the enhancement included cell cycle redistribution and inhibition of DNA repair. Both in vitro and in vivo data from our study suggest that AC480 has potential to increase tumor response to radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. torres@radonc.emory.org
authors.forename: Mylin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Molkentine
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Riesterer
authors.forename: Luka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Milas
authors.forename: K Kian
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002219:Carbamates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002452:Cell Count; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D006657:Histones; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D014227:Triazines; C468783:H2AX protein, human; C545531:(4-((1-(3-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1H-indazol-5-ylamino)-5-methylpyrrolo(2,1-f)(1,2,4)triazin-6-yl)carbamic acid 3-morpholinylmethyl ester; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human