title: The MAP kinase pathway is involved in odontoblast stimulation via p38 phosphorylation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously shown that the p38 gene is highly expressed in odontoblasts during active primary dentinogenesis, but is drastically down-regulated as cells become quiescent in secondary dentinogenesis. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that p38 expression might be upregulated, and the protein activated by phosphorylation, when odontoblasts are stimulated such as during tertiary reactionary dentinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We stimulated immortalized, odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells, alone or in combination, with heat-inactivated Streptococcus mutans, EDTA-extracted dentine matrix proteins (DMPs), or growth factors, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and adrenomedullin (ADM). We used ELISA to measure the resulting phosphorylation of the p38 protein, as well as its degree of nuclear translocation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results suggest that the p38-MAPKinase pathway is activated during odontoblast stimulation in tertiary dentinogenesis by both p38 phosphorylation and enhanced nuclear translocation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data indicate that odontoblast behaviour therefore potentially recapitulates that during active primary dentinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. srs635@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berdal
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lumley
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003810:Dentinogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases