title: Evaluation of the immunosensitizing potential of chlorogenic acid using a popliteal lymph node assay in BALB/c mice.
abstract: It has yet to be established whether chlorogenic acid (CGA), a common xenobiotic with potential exposure risk to humans, is associated with immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions (HRs). The primary limitation in evaluating this potential relationship is the lack of an effective animal model for use in predicting the immunosensitizing potential of low molecular weight compounds (LMWCs). Currently, the popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) is considered a very promising tool for assessing immunosensitizing potential of LMWCs. To determine whether CGA may possess an intrinsic capacity to stimulate or dysregulate immune responses, and if so, what mechanisms may be involved, we characterized the popliteal lymph node reaction induced by CGA in naive female BALB/c mice using both a direct PLNA (d-PLNA) and a reporter antigen PLNA (RA-PLNA) method. Our results show that CGA failed to induce immunoreactivity following a single subcutaneous injection either alone or when combined with TNP-OVA or TNP-Ficoll. These results indicated that CGA lacks the intrinsic capacity to sensitize or stimulate immune responses in BALB/c mice. Moreover, these results suggest that exposure to CGA may not represent a safety concern for humans and that removal of CGA from Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections may not significantly decrease the prevalence of HRs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhaohua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhaoping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yanqiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Gengyin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D000485:Allergens / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions / Q000187:drug effects; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D023441:Local Lymph Node Assay; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000485:Allergens; D000941:Antigens; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid