title: [Oral jewelry: a review].
abstract: Oral jewelry is popular. One of the most widely spread types are so-called tooth diamonds made of composite materials which are applied to the teeth with an adhesive. Note that parents are required to sign a release form for under-aged patients in Switzerland. Tooth cap grills and gold teeth are considered status symbols within the Hip-Hop fashion scene. However, tooth ornaments favour the accumulation of plaque and can diminish the ability to articulate. With respect to jewelry in oral soft tissue especially tongue and lip piercings are of significance to dentists. Besides the systemic complications, which are mostly caused by a lack of hygiene or the failure of noting medical contraindications by the piercer, local complications occur frequently. After surgery, pain, swelling, infections as well as hemorrhages or hematomas can be observed. Long-term effects can be problematic: gingival recession can be discernes mainly in the case of lip piercings the loss of hard tooth substance in the case of tongue piercings. Because of that, conservation therapies can become indespensable. Patients wearing dental jewelry have to be aware of risks of tooth damage, and they regularly have to undergo dental check-ups. Information campaigns--for dentists as well as patients--are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Zahnerhaltung, Präventiv-und Kinderzahnmedizin, Zahnmedizinische Kliniken der Universität Bern.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jeger
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lussi
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zimmerli
mesh_terms: D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D046289:Body Modification, Non-Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects; D046288:Body Piercing / Q000009:adverse effects; D002484:Cementation / Q000009:adverse effects; D002610:Cheek / Q000293:injuries; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000293:injuries; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000209:etiology; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology; D005491:Focal Infection, Dental / Q000209:etiology; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D055498:Jewelry / Q000009:adverse effects; D008046:Lip / Q000293:injuries; D009055:Mouth / Q000293:injuries*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000293:injuries; D013557:Switzerland; D014059:Tongue / Q000293:injuries; D014072:Tooth Abrasion / Q000209:etiology; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000209:etiology