title: On semiparametric efficient inference for two-stage outcome-dependent sampling with a continuous outcome.
abstract: Outcome-dependent sampling designs have been shown to be a cost effective way to enhance study efficiency. We show that the outcome-dependent sampling design with a continuous outcome can be viewed as an extension of the two-stage case-control designs to the continuous-outcome case. We further show that the two-stage outcome-dependent sampling has a natural link with the missing-data and biased-sampling framework. Through the use of semiparametric inference and missing-data techniques, we show that a certain semiparametric maximum likelihood estimator is computationally convenient and achieves the semiparametric efficient information bound. We demonstrate this both theoretically and through simulation.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7420, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kosorok