Effect of liquid distortion and aperture shape on the quality of bubble chamber photographs.
When a plane wave that has passed through a turbulent liquid is brought to a focus by a lens, the image moves erratically. The distortion produced by the liquid is here defined as the root-mean-square distance of the centroid of the diffraction pattern from its mean position. Expressions have been obtained that enable one to calculate this quantity as a function of liquid conditions and the results have been used to judge the effectiveness of using annular apertures in the photography of propane bubble chamber events.
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