title: Ciclesonide and the treatment of asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) constitute the guideline-recommended first-line therapy for persistent asthma. However, concerns regarding ICS-related adverse events may contribute to their underutilization by physicians and patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The currently available published data on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, safety and efficacy of the ICS, ciclesonide, is described. Peer-reviewed publications (1996 - 2009) on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile, safety and efficacy of ciclesonide were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ciclesonide is delivered as an inactive prodrug, which is cleaved to the active molecule by intracellular esterases located in the lungs. This and other pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties may limit the amount of active molecule outside the lung and may reduce the incidence of side effects. Randomized placebo-controlled studies found that ciclesonide can initiate and maintain disease control in subjects with persistent asthma of all disease severities. Moreover, studies have found that ciclesonide is as effective as other ICSs in establishing and controlling disease symptoms. Controlled clinical trials also showed that ciclesonide is associated with minimal systemic and local treatment-related adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Published findings indicate that ciclesonide is effective at initiating and maintaining asthma control and is well tolerated, with a positive safety profile.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, The Clinical Research Center, LLC, 1040 N Mason Road, Suite 112, St Louis, Missouri 63141, USA. pkorenblat@att.net
authors.forename: Phillip E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Korenblat
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011282:Pregnenediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D011282:Pregnenediones; C120481:ciclesonide