Circulating biomarkers of glycemia in diabetes management and implications for personalized medicine.
Personalized medicine represents a new model in how the medical community approaches disease management. Rather than managing those with a particular diagnosis according to an established guideline, the personalized medicine model seeks to identify unique characteristics within each patient that can serve as a basis for disease characterization and specialized treatment. This article reviews several circulating biomarkers of glycemia that are used in the medical management of diabetes, to include hemoglobin A1c, fructosamine, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol. Within the discussion, specific attention is paid to areas in which biomarker results do not correlate with anticipated results based on actual mean glycemia. Variability between actual and anticipated results of the various biomarker tests represents opportunities to identify previously undefined subcategories of diabetes and groups of patients that fit into these subcategories. Finally, research areas are proposed for these subcategories that would further promote the field of personalized medicine in diabetes.
True
Mark W
MW
US Air Force Medical Corps, Endocrinology Service, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas 78236, USA. mark.true@lackland.af.mil
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood*; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057285:Precision Medicine
D015415:Biomarkers; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D019270:Fructosamine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C006584:1,5-anhydroglucitol