Infrared A radiation influences the skin fibroblast transcriptome: mechanisms and consequences.
Infrared A (IRA) radiation (760-1440 nm) is a major component of solar radiation and, similar to UVR, causes photoaging of human skin by increasing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human skin fibroblasts. In this study, we assessed the IRA-induced transcriptome in primary human skin fibroblasts. Microarray analysis revealed 599 IRA-regulated transcripts. The IRA-induced transcriptome differed from changes known to be induced by UV. IRA-responsive genes include the categories extracellular matrix, calcium homeostasis, stress signaling, and apoptosis. Selected results were confirmed by real-time PCR experiments analyzing 13 genes representing these four categories. By means of chemical inhibitors of known signaling pathways, we showed that ERK1/2, the p38-, JNK-, PI3K/AKT-, STAT3-, and IL-6 as well as the calcium-mediated signaling pathways, are functionally involved in the IRA gene response and that a major part of it is triggered by mitochondrial and, to a lesser extent, non-mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species. Our results identify IRA as an environmental factor with relevance for skin homeostasis and photoaging.
Calles
Christian
C
Institut fuer Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF), Cell Biology/Molecular Aging Research, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Duesseldorf, Germany.
Schneider
Maren
M
Macaluso
Filippina
F
Benesova
Tereza
T
Krutmann
Jean
J
Schroeder
Peter
P
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D015850:Interleukin-6; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases