Antimullerian hormone and obesity: insights in oral contraceptive users.
BACKGROUND
The study was conducted to examine the impact of oral contraceptives (OCs) on serum antimullerian hormone (AMH) levels by obesity status in reproductive-age women.


METHODS
Ovulatory women, ages 18-35 years, of normal (<25 kg/m(2); n=10) and obese (>30 kg/m(2); n=10) body mass index (BMI) received a low-dose OC (20 mcg ethinyl estradiol/100 mcg levonorgestrel) for two cycles. Serum samples obtained at several time points during active pill use and hormone-free intervals were analyzed for AMH, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol and inhibin B.


RESULTS
AMH levels did not differ by OC cycle day in either BMI group. On average, AMH levels were 34% lower in the obese group (2.9+/-2.1 vs. 4.4+/-1.8 ng/mL, p<.05). Modeling to determine differences in AMH throughout the cycle based on obesity status demonstrated significantly lower levels (p<.05), whereas serum AMH, FSH, LH, estradiol and inhibin B levels revealed no correlations when all time points were included.


CONCLUSIONS
In reproductive-age women, serum AMH levels do not appear to fluctuate during OC use, but AMH levels are significantly lower in obese women. Lower levels do not appear to be due to differences in gonadotropin levels or ovarian activity.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. asteiner@med.unc.edu
Anne Z
AZ
Steiner
Frank Z
FZ
Stanczyk
Stan
S
Patel
Alison
A
Edelman
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000494:pharmacology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D012044:Regression Analysis
D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; C422364:inhibin B; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D004958:Estradiol; D007265:Inhibins; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone