Transient dimers of allergens.
BACKGROUND
Allergen-mediated cross-linking of IgE antibodies bound to the FcepsilonRI receptors on the mast cell surface is the key feature of the type I allergy. If an allergen is a homodimer, its allergenicity is enhanced because it would only need one type of antibody, instead of two, for cross-linking.


RESULTS
An analysis of 55 crystal structures of allergens showed that 80% of them exist in symmetric dimers or oligomers in crystals. The majority are transient dimers that are formed at high protein concentrations that are reached in cells by colocalization. Native mass spectrometric analysis showed that native allergens do indeed form transient dimers in solution, while hypoallergenic variants of them exist almost solely in the monomeric form. We created a monomeric Bos d 5 allergen and show that it has a reduced capability to induce histamine release.


CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that dimerization would be a very common and essential feature for allergens. Thus, the preparation of purely monomeric variants of allergens could open up novel possibilities for specific immunotherapy.
Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland. juha.rouvinen@uef.fi
Juha
J
Rouvinen
Janne
J
Jänis
Marja-Leena
ML
Laukkanen
Sirpa
S
Jylhä
Merja
M
Niemi
Tero
T
Päivinen
Soili
S
Mäkinen-Kiljunen
Tari
T
Haahtela
Hans
H
Söderlund
Kristiina
K
Takkinen
D000485:Allergens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D001491:Basophils / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006636:Histamine Release; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009154:Mutation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary
C474845:ALTB1 protein, Alternaria brassicicola; D000485:Allergens; D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D052179:Antigens, Plant; C095551:MALD1 protein, Malus domestica; D010940:Plant Proteins