Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants and depressed mood among college students: frequency and routes of administration.
Studies demonstrate associations between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) and depressed mood; however, relevance of NMUPS route of administration and frequency of use have not been examined. We hypothesized frequent NMUPS and nonoral routes would be significantly associated with depressed mood. A Web survey was self-administered by a probability sample of 3,639 undergraduate students at a large U.S. university. The survey contained substance use (e.g., frequency, route of administration) and depressed mood measurement. Past-year prevalence of NMUPS was 6.0% (n = 212). Approximately 50% of frequent or nonoral NMUPS reported depressed mood. Adjusted odds of depressed mood were over two times greater among frequent monthly NMUPS (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-5.15) and nonoral routes of administration (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.36-3.70), after controlling for other variables. Nonmedical users of prescription stimulants should be screened for depressed mood, especially those who report frequent and nonoral routes of administration.
Teter
Christian J
CJ
Northeastern University School of Pharmacy, 206 Mugar Life Sciences Building, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA. cteter@mclean.harvard.edu
Falone
Anthony E
AE
Cranford
James A
JA
Boyd
Carol J
CJ
McCabe
Sean Esteban
SE
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D055553:Prescription Drugs