The effects of age and sex on cortical sulci in the elderly.
A large number of structural brain studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have reported age-related cortical changes and sex difference in brain morphology. Most studies have focused on cortical thickness or density, with relatively few studies of cortical sulcal features, especially in the elderly. In this paper, we report global sulcal indices (g-SIs) of both cerebral hemispheres and the average sulcal span in six prominent sulci, as observed in T1-weighted scans obtained from a large community cohort of 319 non-demented individuals aged between 70 and 90 years (mean=78.06+/-4.75; male/female=149/170), using automated methods. Our results showed that for both hemispheres, g-SIs had significant negative correlations with age in both men and women. Using an interactive effect analysis, we found that g-SIs for men declined faster with age than that for women. The widths of all six sulcal spans increased significantly with age, with largest span increase occurring in the superior frontal sulcus. Compared to women, men had significantly wider sulcal spans for all sulci that were examined. Our findings suggest that both age and sex contribute to significant cortical gyrification differences and variations in the elderly. This study establishes a reference for future studies of age-related brain changes and neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly.
Liu
Tao
T
School of Design, Communication & I.T., the University of Newcastle, and Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Wen
Wei
W
Zhu
Wanlin
W
Trollor
Julian
J
Reppermund
Simone
S
Crawford
John
J
Jin
Jesse S
JS
Luo
Suhuai
S
Brodaty
Henry
H
Sachdev
Perminder
P
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics