Effect of positive health factors and all-cause mortality in men.
OBJECTIVE
Although several health-related factors are independently associated with diverse health outcomes, their combined affect on mortality has not been fully described.


METHODS
We examined the combined effect of several positive health factors, including having normal weight (body mass index = 18.5-24.9 kg.m), not smoking (not current smoker), consuming a moderate alcohol intake (1-14 drinks per week), being physically active (moderate to high level), and having a higher cardiorespiratory fitness (top two-thirds), on all-cause mortality in 38,110 men aged 20-84 yr from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.


RESULTS
There were 2642 deaths during an average of 16 yr of follow-up. Compared with men with zero positive health factors, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of all-cause mortality with one, two, three, four, and five positive health factors were 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64-0.95), 0.61 (95% CI = 0.50-0.73), 0.54 (95% CI = 0.44-0.65), 0.43 (95% CI = 0.35-0.52), and 0.39 (95% CI = 0.31-0.48), respectively (P for trend <0.001). The combination of five positive health factors accounted for 29% (95% CI = 14%-40%) of population-attributable risk for all-cause mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that targeting more of these modifiable health factors may provide substantial health benefits in middle-aged men.
Byun
Wonwoo
W
Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. byun@mailbox.sc.edu
Sieverdes
John C
JC
Sui
Xuemei
X
Hooker
Steven P
SP
Lee
Chong-Do
CD
Church
Timothy S
TS
Blair
Steven N
SN
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
D002784:Cholesterol