Requirement of a mitogen-activated protein kinase for appressorium formation and penetration of insect cuticle by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana.
Beauveria bassiana is an important insect-pathogenic fungus that invades insects by direct penetration of the host cuticle. To delineate the molecular mechanisms involved in fungal infection, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene, Bbmpk1, which encodes a YERK1 family MAPK was isolated and characterized. Targeted gene disruption of Bbmpk1 resulted in a complete loss of virulence when applied topically to host insects but did not affect growth of the fungus when conidia were injected directly into the hemocoel. Hyphae of the mutant strain growing in the insect hemocoel were unable to penetrate the cuticle growing outwards and consequently failed to sporulate on the cadaver surface. These data suggest that BbMPK1 is essential for penetration of the insect cuticle both from the outside and from the inside-out in order to escape and disperse from the host. Inactivation of BbMPK1 also caused a significant decrease in fungal adhesion to insect cuticles and eliminated their ability to form appressoria. In order to identify downstream genes regulated by BbMPK1, a suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) library was generated comparing mutant and wild-type transcripts isolated during appressorium formation. Thirty-one genes screened from the SSH library were determined to be expressed in the wild-type strain but either significantly reduced or not expressed in the mutant. Ten genes showed high or medium similarity to known protein encoding genes, including proteins involved in cell surface hydrophobicity, lipid metabolism, microtubule dynamics, mitochondrial electron transport, chromatin remodeling, transcription, rRNA processing, small nucleolar RNA accumulation, oxidation of aldehydes, translation, and likely other cellular processes.
Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.
Yongjun
Y
Zhang
Jianqing
J
Zhang
Xiaodong
X
Jiang
Guijiang
G
Wang
Zhibing
Z
Luo
Yanhua
Y
Fan
Zengqiang
Z
Wu
Yan
Y
Pei
D000818:Animals; D052982:Beauveria / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D015723:Gene Library; D018390:Gene Targeting; D007313:Insecta / Q000382:microbiology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
D005656:Fungal Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases