Oxidative stress-enhanced SUMOylation and aggregation of ataxin-1: Implication of JNK pathway.
Although the polyglutamine protein ataxin-1 is modified by SUMO at multiple sites, the functions of such modification or how it is regulated are still unknown. Here we report that SUMO-1 or Ubc9 over-expression stimulated the aggregation of ataxin-1 and that oxidative stress, such as hydrogen peroxide treatment, further enhanced SUMO conjugation and aggregation of ataxin-1. Accordingly, co-treatment with antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine attenuated the effect of oxidative stress. Ataxin-1, which can activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway by itself, strongly associated with apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) while not interacting with JNK. Finally, treatment of JNK-specific inhibitor caused a reduction in the oxidant-enhanced SUMOylation and aggregation of ataxin-1. Together these results indicate that SUMO modification of ataxin-1 promotes the aggregation of ataxin-1 and that oxidative stress and JNK pathway play roles in this process.
Ryu
Joohyun
J
Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Republic of Korea.
Cho
Sayeon
S
Park
Byoung Chul
BC
Lee
Do Hee
DH
D000067696:Ataxin-1; D000067528:Ataxins; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D020754:Spinocerebellar Ataxias / Q000378:metabolism; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098843:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBC9
C000593749:ATXN1 protein, human; D000067696:Ataxin-1; D000067528:Ataxins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000098843:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBC9