Tocotrienol enriched palm oil prevents atherosclerosis through modulating the activities of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors.
Palm oil is enriched in vitamin E in the form of alpha-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrienols. Dietary tocotrienol supplements have been shown to prevent atherosclerosis development in patients and preclinical animal models. However, the mechanistic basis for this health beneficial effect is not well established. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha, gamma, and delta (PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and PPARdelta) are ligand regulated transcription factors that play essential preventive roles in the development of atherosclerosis through regulating energy metabolism and inflammation. In this study, we presented data that the tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) of palm oil activated PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and PPARdelta in reporter based assays. Importantly, TRF attenuated the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice through inducing PPAR target gene liver X receptor alpha (LXRalpha) and its down-stream target genes apolipoproteins and cholesterol transporters, suggesting that modulating the activities of PPARs is a key aspect of the in vivo action of tocotrienols.
Li
Fengjuan
F
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
Tan
Wenjuan
W
Kang
Zhanfang
Z
Wong
Chi-Wai
CW
D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000073878:Palm Oil; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024508:Tocotrienols; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D002839:Chromans; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; C000605213:NR1H3 protein, human; C000605214:Nr1h3 protein, mouse; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D010938:Plant Oils; D024508:Tocotrienols; D014810:Vitamin E; C082097:tocotrienol, delta; C013649:plastochromanol 8; D000073878:Palm Oil; C082032:tocotrienol, alpha