The global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis.
To estimate the global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis, we synthesized existing data from laboratory-based surveillance and special studies, with a hierarchical preference to (1) prospective population-based studies, (2) "multiplier studies," (3) disease notifications, (4) returning traveler data, and (5) extrapolation. We applied incidence estimates to population projections for the 21 Global Burden of Disease regions to calculate regional numbers of cases, which were summed to provide a global number of cases. Uncertainty calculations were performed using Monte Carlo simulation. We estimated that 93.8 million cases (5th to 95th percentile, 61.8-131.6 million) of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella species occur globally each year, with 155,000 deaths (5th to 95th percentile, 39,000-303,000 deaths). Of these, we estimated 80.3 million cases were foodborne. Salmonella infection represents a considerable burden in both developing and developed countries. Efforts to reduce transmission of salmonellae by food and other routes must be implemented on a global scale.
Center for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Shannon E
SE
Majowicz
Jennie
J
Musto
Elaine
E
Scallan
Frederick J
FJ
Angulo
Martyn
M
Kirk
Sarah J
SJ
O'Brien
Timothy F
TF
Jones
Aamir
A
Fazil
Robert M
RM
Hoekstra
D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality