Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants and depressed mood among college students: frequency and routes of administration.
Studies demonstrate associations between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) and depressed mood; however, relevance of NMUPS route of administration and frequency of use have not been examined. We hypothesized frequent NMUPS and nonoral routes would be significantly associated with depressed mood. A Web survey was self-administered by a probability sample of 3,639 undergraduate students at a large U.S. university. The survey contained substance use (e.g., frequency, route of administration) and depressed mood measurement. Past-year prevalence of NMUPS was 6.0% (n = 212). Approximately 50% of frequent or nonoral NMUPS reported depressed mood. Adjusted odds of depressed mood were over two times greater among frequent monthly NMUPS (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-5.15) and nonoral routes of administration (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.36-3.70), after controlling for other variables. Nonmedical users of prescription stimulants should be screened for depressed mood, especially those who report frequent and nonoral routes of administration.
Northeastern University School of Pharmacy, 206 Mugar Life Sciences Building, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA. cteter@mclean.harvard.edu
Christian J
CJ
Teter
Anthony E
AE
Falone
James A
JA
Cranford
Carol J
CJ
Boyd
Sean Esteban
SE
McCabe
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D055553:Prescription Drugs