Racial and insurance disparities in the receipt of transplant among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
BACKGROUND
: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a poor prognosis if their tumors are not diagnosed early. The authors investigated factors associated with the receipt of liver transplant among patients with HCC and evaluated the effects of these differences on survival.


METHODS
: The authors reviewed records from consecutive patients diagnosed with HCC at Columbia University Medical Center from January 1, 2002 to September 1, 2008. We compared patient clinical and demographic characteristics, developed a multivariable logistic regression model of predictors of transplant, and used a Cox model to analyze predictors of mortality.


RESULTS
: Of 462 HCC patients, 175 (38%) received a transplant. Black patients were much less likely than whites to receive a transplant (odds ratio [OR], 0.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0-0.37). Hispanics and Asians were also less likely to undergo transplantation, but the differences were not statistically significant. Patients with private insurance were more likely to receive a transplant than those with Medicaid (odds ratio [OR], 22.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.67-182.34). Black and Hispanic patients, and Medicaid recipients, presented with more advanced disease than whites and privately insured patients, and had poorer survival. In a Cox model, those who did not receive a transplant were 3 times as likely as transplant recipients to die, but race and insurance were not independently predictive of mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
: Race and insurance status were strongly associated with receipt of transplantation and with more advanced disease at diagnosis, but transplantation was the most important determinant of survival. Improved access to care for nonwhite and Medicaid patients may allow more patients to benefit from transplant. Cancer 2010. (c) 2010 American Cancer Society.
Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Jeanette C
JC
Yu
Alfred I
AI
Neugut
Shuang
S
Wang
Judith S
JS
Jacobson
Lauren
L
Ferrante
Vandana
V
Khungar
Emerson
E
Lim
Dawn L
DL
Hershman
Robert S
RS
Brown
Abby B
AB
Siegel
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014481:United States; D044465:White People