Interaction of Francisella asiatica with tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) innate immunity.
Members of the genus Francisella are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause important diseases in a wide variety of animals worldwide, including humans and fish. Several genes that are important for intramacrophage survival have been identified, including the iglC gene, which is found in the iglABCD operon in the Francisella sp. pathogenicity island (FPI). In the present study, we examined the interaction of wild-type Francisella asiatica and a Delta iglC mutant strain with fish serum and head kidney-derived macrophages (HKDM). Both the wild-type and the mutant strains were resistant to killing by normal and heat-inactivated sera. The wild-type F. asiatica is able to invade tilapia head kidney-derived macrophages and replicate vigorously within them, causing apoptosis and cytotoxicity in the macrophages at 24 and 36 h postinfection. The Delta iglC mutant, however, is defective for survival, replication, and the ability to cause cytotoxicity in HKDM, but the ability is restored when the mutant is complemented with the iglC gene. Uptake by the HKDM was mediated partially by complement and partially by macrophage mannose receptors, as demonstrated by in vitro assays. Light and electron microscopy analysis of the infected macrophages revealed intracellular bacteria present in a tight vacuole at 2 h postinoculation and the presence of numerous bacteria in spacious vacuoles at 12 h postinfection, with some bacteria free in the cytoplasm.
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Esteban
E
Soto
Denise
D
Fernandez
Ronald
R
Thune
John P
JP
Hawke
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001770:Blood Bactericidal Activity; D002470:Cell Survival; D023681:Cichlids / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000382:microbiology; D005603:Francisella / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D044967:Serum / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors