Regulation of endothelial permeability via paracellular and transcellular transport pathways.
The endothelium functions as a semipermeable barrier regulating tissue fluid homeostasis and transmigration of leukocytes and providing essential nutrients across the vessel wall. Transport of plasma proteins and solutes across the endothelium involves two different routes: one transcellular, via caveolae-mediated vesicular transport, and the other paracellular, through interendothelial junctions. The permeability of the endothelial barrier is an exquisitely regulated process in the resting state and in response to extracellular stimuli and mediators. The focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of molecular and signaling mechanisms regulating endothelial barrier permeability with emphasis on the cross-talk between paracellular and transcellular transport pathways.
Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Yulia
Y
Komarova
Asrar B
AB
Malik
D022005:Adherens Junctions / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000502:physiology; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010539:Permeability; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology
D015820:Cadherins; D002352:Carrier Proteins