Targeted optogenetic stimulation and recording of neurons in vivo using cell-type-specific expression of Channelrhodopsin-2.
A major long-term goal of systems neuroscience is to identify the different roles of neural subtypes in brain circuit function. The ability to causally manipulate selective cell types is critical to meeting this goal. This protocol describes techniques for optically stimulating specific populations of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons in vivo in combination with electrophysiology. Cell type selectivity is obtained using Cre-dependent expression of the light-activated channel Channelrhodopsin-2. We also describe approaches for minimizing optical interference with simultaneous extracellular and intracellular recording. These optogenetic techniques provide a spatially and temporally precise means of studying neural activity in the intact brain and allow a detailed examination of the effect of evoked activity on the surrounding local neural network. Injection of viral vectors requires 30-45 min, and in vivo electrophysiology with optogenetic stimulation requires 1-4 h.
Cardin
Jessica A
JA
McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Carlén
Marie
M
Meletis
Konstantinos
K
Knoblich
Ulf
U
Zhang
Feng
F
Deisseroth
Karl
K
Tsai
Li-Huei
LH
Moore
Christopher I
CI
D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D000075402:Channelrhodopsins; D004566:Electrodes; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods; D015870:Gene Expression; D007395:Interneurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D008027:Light; D051379:Mice; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009488:Neurosciences / Q000639:trends; D051381:Rats; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology
D000075402:Channelrhodopsins