Does the standard intravenous solution of fentanyl (50 microg/mL) administered intranasally have analgesic efficacy?
BACKGROUND
Intranasal (IN) fentanyl provides rapid and powerful non-parenteral analgesia in the ED. A concentrated solution of fentanyl (300 microg/mL) has been used in prior trials, yet many ED use the standard solution at a concentration of 50 microg/mL, which is widely available and of low cost. We set out to determine if this lower concentration of fentanyl is also efficacious.


METHODS
Prospective audit in children aged 5-18 years presenting with upper limb injuries. Patients received IN fentanyl (50 microg/mL) at 1.5 microg/kg. Patient assessed pain scores were collected 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 min following IN fentanyl administration using a visual analogue scale or Bieri Faces-Revised scale. Parental scores were used if patients were unable to provide a score.


RESULTS
Of the 59 eligible patients, 36 were enrolled; median age was 6.8 years (range 5-15 years), and 89% (32/36) ultimately required fracture reduction. Median first dose of IN fentanyl was 1.4 microg/kg. Median pain scores dropped from 7 (interquartile range 5-10) pre-fentanyl to 5 (interquartile range 4-8) at 5 min and 2 (interquartile range 1-4) at 30 and 60 min. A total of 21 (58%) children did not require further analgesia in the ED. There were no adverse events.


CONCLUSIONS
Standard i.v. concentration IN fentanyl (50 microg/mL) appears to have analgesic efficacy in children with upper limb injuries.
Crellin
Dianne
D
Emergency Department, Royal Children's Hospital,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3055, Australia. dianne.crellin@rch.org.au
Ling
Rong Xiu
RX
Babl
Franz E
FE
D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000293:Adolescent; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D019370:Observation; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D005283:Fentanyl