Evaluation of the adjuvant activity of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, in combination with heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes vaccine.
We have previously demonstrated the adjuvant activity of naloxone (NLX), a general opioid antagonist, using a DNA vaccine for herpes simplex virus type 1. Here, the adjuvant activity of NLX has been evaluated using a heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKLM) vaccine as a model for general immunization against intracellular bacteria. BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: the Vac group received the HKLM vaccine alone; the NLX-Vac group received the HKLM vaccine in combination with the adjuvant NLX; and the control group received phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Our results indicate that the administration of NLX as an adjuvant enhances the ability of the HKLM vaccine to increase lymphocyte proliferation, delayed type hypersensitivity, and skewing of the immune response toward a T-helper 1 (Th1) pattern. Additionally, combination of NLX with the HKLM vaccine improves protective immunity against L. monocytogenes. In conclusion, administration of NLX as an adjuvant for the HKLM vaccine can enhance cell-mediated immunity and shift the immune response to Th1.
Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Nima Hosseini
NH
Jazani
Mojtaba
M
Karimzad
Ebrahim
E
Mazloomi
Mohammad
M
Sohrabpour
Zuhair Muhammad
ZM
Hassan
Hojjat
H
Ghasemnejad
Shiva
S
Roshan-Milani
Shahram
S
Shahabi
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000276:immunology*; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D009270:Naloxone