Para-phenylenediamine induced DNA damage and apoptosis through oxidative stress and enhanced caspase-8 and -9 activities in Mardin-Darby canine kidney cells.
Para-phenylenediamine (p-PD), a suspected carcinogen, is a component of permanent hair dyes. In this study we examined the mechanism of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in Mardin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK)-treated with p-PD. Our results showed that p-PD decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, p-PD induced DNA damage was confirmed by the comet and TUNEL assays. Pre-treatment of MDCK cells with antioxidants vitamin C or E significantly inhibited p-PD induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, p-PD induced apoptosis through activated initiator caspase-8 and -9, and effector caspase-3/7. Based on these results, we suggested that p-PD induce apoptosis which was mediated with caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3/7 activation via the involvement of ROS.
Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, 116 Ho-Ping First Rd., Lin-Ya 802, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
S C
SC
Chen
C H
CH
Chen
Y L
YL
Tioh
P Y
PY
Zhong
Y S
YS
Lin
S M
SM
Chye
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004285:Dogs; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018675:Toxicity Tests
D004396:Coloring Agents; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; C029728:4-phenylenediamine