17beta-Estradiol accentuates contractility of rat genioglossal muscle via regulation of estrogen receptor alpha.
OBJECTIVE
This study in rat genioglossus muscle (GG) was designed to test the hypothesis that the effects of estrogen are at least in part, meditated directly by the estrogen receptors (ERs) of muscle.


METHODS
Eighty-eight-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: (1) normal animals (Normal); (2) sham operation animals (Sham); (3) ovariectomized animals without estrogen replacement (OVX); (4) ovariectomized animals with olive oil replacement (OVX+O); (5) ovariectomized animals with 17beta-estradiol replacement (OVX+E2). Six weeks later, GG was assessed in vivo for contractile properties and further analysis for ERs expression was carried out including real-time quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.


RESULTS
The maximal twitch tension, 70%-decay time and fatigue index of GG decreased significantly in OVX group when compared with Normal group (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.05). However, all the three parameters reversed in OVX+E2 group especially fatigue index. Further analysis showed a clear expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in rat GG. The expression of both ERalpha protein and ERalpha mRNA was both significantly decreased in OVX group (P<0.05) and recovered back to previous level after receiving 17beta-estradiol replacement (P<0.05). But neither ERbeta protein nor ERbeta mRNA was regulated by estrogen deprivation and replacement.


CONCLUSIONS
The results demonstrated that the contractility of GG was accentuated by estrogen. Moreover, these effects were at least in part, meditated directly via regulation of the expression of ERalpha. It might contribute to the protective effects of estrogen on the patency of upper airway and the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnoea syndrome.
Hou
Yu-xia
YX
Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, 399 Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
Jia
Shan-shan
SS
Liu
Yue-hua
YH
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol