Ulnar ray deficiency: a review of the classification systems, the clinical features in 72 cases, and related developmental biology.
Ulnar ray deficiency is rare and has a variable presentation. As a result, there are many different classification systems for this anomaly. Furthermore, the developmental biology of the anomaly is still not fully understood. The aim of this article is to review the previous classification systems, present the clinical features in 72 cases and discuss the developmental biology of ulnar ray deficiency.
Al-Qattan
M M
MM
Division of Plastic Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. moqattan@hotmail.com
Al-Sahabi
A
A
Al-Arfaj
N
N
D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D014457:Ulna; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000196:embryology*; D038062:Upper Extremity Deformities, Congenital / Q000145:classification* / Q000196:embryology; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000502:physiology
D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; C092778:WNT7A protein, human; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors