Influenza A/H1N1_09: Australia and New Zealand's winter of discontent.
Influenza A/H1N1_09 emerged in Mexico at the end of the Northern Hemisphere winter. Within weeks, the focus shifted to the Southern Hemisphere as the introduction of the novel virus coincided with the beginning of the influenza season. Intensive public health and health services planning had occurred in Australia and New Zealand as preparation for an influenza pandemic before 2009. However, this first pandemic wave was quite different to what had been expected. Key elements of the pandemic and response are outlined from the perspective of clinicians working at the frontline of patient care. In particular, they examine why past influenza pandemics and recent history are poor predictors of the current pandemic, the discordance between potential for transmission and disease severity, the broad clinical spectrum of H1N1_09 infection, clinical and health service management issues, and the relationship between health care and government policy. Finally, they address the need for the respiratory community to show leadership in times of crisis. Lessons learned in Australia and New Zealand during 2009 have important messages for similarly resourced countries in the Northern Hemisphere in the coming months as they face their own influenza season.
Department of Allergy, Immunology & Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3004. tom.kotsimbos@med.monash.edu.au
Tom
T
Kotsimbos
Grant
G
Waterer
Christine
C
Jenkins
Paul M
PM
Kelly
Allen
A
Cheng
Robert J
RJ
Hancox
Mark
M
Holmes
Richard
R
Wood-Baker
Simon
S
Bowler
Louis
L
Irving
Philip
P
Thompson
D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006285:Health Planning / Q000458:organization & administration; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007252:Influenza Vaccines