The role of lipopeptidophosphoglycan in the immune response to Entamoeba histolytica.
The sensing of Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) by innate immune receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), is the first step in the inflammatory response to pathogens. Entamoeba histolytica, the etiological agent of amebiasis, has a surface molecule with the characteristics of a PAMP. This molecule, which was termed lipopeptidophosphoglycan (LPPG), is recognized through TLR2 and TLR4 and leads to the release of cytokines from human monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells; LPPG-activated dendritic cells have increased expression of costimulatory molecules. LPPG activates NKT cells in a CD1d-dependent manner, and this interaction limits amebic liver abscess development. LPPG also induces antibody production, and anti-LPPG antibodies prevent disease development in animal models of amebiasis. Because LPPG is recognized by both the innate and the adaptive immune system (it is a "Pamptigen"), it may be a good candidate to develop a vaccine against E. histolytica infection and an effective adjuvant.
Wong-Baeza
Isabel
I
Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre Siglo XXI, Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS), 06720 Mexico City, Mexico.
Alcántara-Hernández
Marcela
M
Mancilla-Herrera
Ismael
I
Ramírez-Saldívar
Itzmel
I
Arriaga-Pizano
Lourdes
L
Ferat-Osorio
Eduardo
E
López-Macías
Constantino
C
Isibasi
Armando
A
D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D004748:Entamoeba histolytica / Q000276:immunology*; D004749:Entamoebiasis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018448:Models, Immunological; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000276:immunology*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000276:immunology*
D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D010743:Phospholipids; C014643:lipopeptidophosphoglycan