Non-genomic rapid inhibition of Na+/H+-exchange 1 and apoptotic immunosuppression in human T cells by glucocorticoids.
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been employed as immunosuppressive agents for many years. However, it is still unclear how GCs instantly uncouple T cells from acute stressful inflammatory. In terms of time scale, the genomic activity of the classic GC receptor cannot fulfill this role under crisis; but a rapid non-genomic response can. In a previous study, intracellular acidification was found to be due to a rapid non-genomic inhibition of Na(+)/H(+)-exchange 1 (NHE1) and this event led to the immunosuppression of T cell proliferation by progesterone. The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a rapid acidification response caused by an inhibition of NHE1 activity and to explore the differential non-genomic effect on immunosuppression of hydrocortisone and dexamethasone. The IC(50) values for NHE1-dependent pH(i) recovery by hydrocortisone and dexamethasone are 250 and 1 nM, respectively. Co-stimulation of GCs with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) is able to inhibit PHA-induced IL-2 secretion, IL-4 secretion, and T-cell proliferation. Furthermore, apoptosis in PHA-activated T cells is not induced by hydrocortisone but by dexamethasone. The mechanism of immunosuppression on proliferation by dexamethasone was found to be different of hydrocortisone and seems to involve cytotoxicity against T cells. Moreover, apoptosis induced by dexamethasone and impermeable dexamethasone-bovine serum albumin suggests that the apoptotic immunosuppression occurs through both the plasma membrane and cytoplasmic sites. The rapid inhibitory responses triggered by GCs would seem to release T cells instantly when an acute stress-related response is needed. Nonetheless, the apoptotic immunosuppression by dexamethasone is attributable to its severe cytotoxicity.
Chang
Ching-Pang
CP
Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Wang
Shyi-Wu
SW
Huang
Zih-Ling
ZL
Wang
Olivia Ya-Hsuan
OY
Huang
Michael I-Ta
MI
Lu
Li-Ming
LM
Tarng
Der-Cherng
DC
Chien
Chau-Heng
CH
Chien
Eileen Jea
EJ
D000328:Adult; D000584:Amiloride / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D000074082:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D014316:Tritium; D055815:Young Adult
D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007376:Interleukin-2; C490998:SLC9A1 protein, human; D000074082:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D014316:Tritium; D015847:Interleukin-4; C039465:5-dimethylamiloride; D000584:Amiloride; D003907:Dexamethasone; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D013936:Thymidine; D006854:Hydrocortisone