Transcriptional upregulation of nitric oxide synthase II by nuclear factor-kappaB promotes apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampus following experimental status epilepticus.
Whereas status epilepticus, or the condition of continuous epileptic seizures, produces a characteristic pattern of preferential neuronal cell loss in the hippocampus, the underlying mechanism is still unsettled. Based on an experimental model of temporal lobe status epilepticus, we demonstrated previously that prolonged seizures prompted an overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) by upregulation of NO synthase II (NOS II) in the hippocampal CA3 subfield, followed by the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling cascade. Using the same animal model, the present study evaluated the hypothesis that transcriptional upregulation of NOS II gene by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) promotes apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampus following status epilepticus. In Sprague-Dawley rats, significantly augmented nucleus-bound translocation of NF-kappaB p50 and p65 subunits and DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB were observed in hippocampal CA3 neurons as early as 30 min after elicitation of sustained seizure activity by microinjection of kainic acid into the CA3 subfield, followed by a progressive elevation that peaked at 90 min. In addition, application bilaterally into the hippocampal CA3 subfield of a selective NF-kappaB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or double-stranded kappaB decoy DNA significantly antagonized the activated NOS II-peroxynitrite signaling cascade (3 hr) and the associated manifestations of apoptotic cell death (7 days) in the hippocampus. We conclude that activation of NF-kappaB in hippocampal CA3 neurons upregulates NOS II gene expression following experimental temporal lobe status epilepticus, leading to apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampus.
Chuang
Yao-Chung
YC
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Chen
Shang-Der
SD
Lin
Tsu-Kung
TK
Chang
Wen-Neng
WN
Lu
Cheng-Hsien
CH
Liou
Chia-Wei
CW
Chan
Samuel H H
SH
Chang
Alice Y W
AY
D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D056654:CA3 Region, Hippocampal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007608:Kainic Acid; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015854:Up-Regulation
D016328:NF-kappa B; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D004247:DNA; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D007608:Kainic Acid