Takotsubo cardiomyopathy as an underlying mediator of myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the present study was to describe our experience with myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries (MINCA) with regards to the prevalence, clinical characteristics, possible underlying etiologies (including Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, TCM) and the short- and long-term outcomes associated with this condition.


METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the records of 596 consecutive patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction over a 4-year period and identified 24 patients (14 female, 10 male) with angiographically normal coronary arteries. Demographic and clinical variables and outcomes were reviewed.


RESULTS
Mean patient age was 59 +/- 20 years. The presumed MINCA mechanism was TCM in 10 patients (41.7%), probable myocarditis in 5 (20.8%), coronary spasm in 4 (16.7%), coronary thrombus in 3 (12.5%) and aortic dissection in 2 patients (8.3%). After a mean follow-up of 19 +/- 14 months, 2 patients with probable myocarditis had died of cardiovascular causes, 1 patient with aortic dissection had died due to sepsis after surgery and 1 patient with TCM had died of noncardiovascular causes 2 years after discharge.


CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we found that MINCA occurred in 4% of patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing emergent coronary angiography, with the most frequent underlying mechanism being TCM.
Chen
Cheng-Kang
CK
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, ROC.
Chang
Rei-Yeuh
RY
Chen
Cheng-Yun
CY
Chen
Yung-Ping
YP
Chu
I-Tseng
IT
Liang
Hsin-Li
HL
Hsu
Chen-Tung
CT
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan; D054549:Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality