Increased number of CpG island hypermethylation in tumor suppressor genes of non-neoplastic gastric mucosa correlates with higher risk of gastric cancer.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the relationship of gastric cancer (GC) and CpG island hypermethylation (CIHM) in tumor suppressor genes of non-neoplastic gastric mucosa.


METHODS
Gastric mucosa samples were obtained from 125 GC and 180 non-GC subjects. CIHM of p14, p16, DAP-kinase and CDH1 genes were determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. High CIHM was defined as three or all methylated CpG islands.


RESULTS
Rates of CIHM of p14, CDH1, DAP-kinase, and high CIHM were significantly higher in all GC samples than non-GC samples (p14: 32.2 vs. 50.4%; OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.03-2.80, p = 0.04, CDH1: 36.1 vs. 84.0%; OR = 8.65, 95% CI = 14.74-15.77, p < 0.0001, DAP-kinase: 42.2 vs. 83.2%; OR = 5.98, 95% CI = 3.37-10.62, p < 0.0001, and high CIHM: 44.4 vs. 80.8%; OR = 4.40, 95% CI = 2.51-7.72, p < 0.0001). CIHM in CDH1 and DAP-kinase were associated with a greater risk of GC including all of its different subtypes. An increased number of CIHM was associated with an increased risk of all GC (1 CIHM; OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 0.82-6.64, p = 0.11, 2 CIHM; OR = 4.89, 95% CI = 1.79-13.37, p = 0.002, 3 CIHM; OR = 9.43, 95% CI = 3.20-27.78, p < 0.0001, and all CIHM OR = 24.71, 95% CI = 6.70-91.18, p < 0.0001). Three and all CIHM were closely associated with a higher risk of intestinal-type GC, Helicobacter pylori-positive infection status, male gender, and middle and older GC while 3 CIHM was closely associated with a higher risk of diffuse-type GC, H. pylori-negative infection status and younger GC.


CONCLUSIONS
CIHM of CDH1 and DAP-kinase in non-neoplastic gastric mucosa corresponded to a risk of GC regardless of histological subtype, H. pylori infection status, gender and generation. An increased number of CIHM correlates with a higher GC risk including its various clinico-pathological subtypes.
Tahara
Tomomitsu
T
Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan. tomomiccyu@yahoo.co.jp
Shibata
Tomoyuki
T
Nakamura
Masakatsu
M
Yamashita
Hiromi
H
Yoshioka
Daisuke
D
Okubo
Masaaki
M
Yonemura
Joh
J
Maeda
Yoshiteru
Y
Maruyama
Naoko
N
Kamano
Toshiaki
T
Kamiya
Yoshio
Y
Fujita
Hiroshi
H
Nakagawa
Yoshihito
Y
Nagasaka
Mitsuo
M
Iwata
Masami
M
Hirata
Ichiro
I
Arisawa
Tomiyasu
T
D015703:Antigens, CD; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001706:Biopsy; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D064550:Death-Associated Protein Kinases; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019942:Genes, p16; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000235:genetics
D015703:Antigens, CD; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C513384:CDH1 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D064550:Death-Associated Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases