Environmentally friendly wood preservatives formulated with enzymatic-hydrolyzed okara, copper and/or boron salts.
Novel biocides, such as copper azole (CuAz) and ammoniacal copper quaternary (ACQ), are extensively used as substitutes for chromate copper arsenate (CCA) in wood preservation. However, the expense of these biocides has necessitated the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly wood preservatives. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness against decaying fungi of the preservatives formulated with enzymatic-hydrolyzed okara (OK), which is an organic waste produced from the manufacture of tofu, CuCl(2) (CC) and/or Na(2)B(4)O(7).10H(2)O (B). With the addition of NH(4)OH as a dissociating agent, the addition of OK facilitated the target retention of most of the OK/CC and OK/CC/B preservative formulations in wood blocks. The OK-based wood preservatives (OK-WPs) were stable against hot-water leaching. When compared with control and CC-treated wood blocks, the leached wood blocks treated with OK/CC and OK/CC/B formulations showed excellent decay resistance against both Postia placenta and Gloeophyllum trabeum, especially when OK was hydrolyzed by Celluclast at a loading level of 0.1 ml/g. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and SEM-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectrometry analyses demonstrated that preservative complexes, such as OK-CC and OK-CC-B, existed in the wood blocks treated with OK/CC and OK/CC/B formulations. This study results support the potential application of OK-WPs as environmentally friendly wood preservatives capable of replacing CuAz and ACQ.
Ahn
Sye Hee
SH
Department of Forest Resources, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, South Korea.
Oh
Sei Chang
SC
Choi
In-gyu
IG
Han
Gyu-seong
GS
Jeong
Han-seob
HS
Kim
Ki-woo
KW
Yoon
Young-ho
YH
Yang
In
I
D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019649:Food Industry; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012995:Solubility; D045730:Soy Foods; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry; D014934:Wood / Q000648:ultrastructure
D001896:Boron Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011134:Polysaccharides; C412882:okara, Glycine max; D003300:Copper