The prevalence of atypical scrapie in sheep from positive flocks is not higher than in the general sheep population in 11 European countries.
BACKGROUND
During the last decade, active surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in small ruminants has been intensive in Europe. In many countries this has led to the detection of cases of atypical scrapie which, unlike classical scrapie, might not be contagious. EU legislation requires, that following detection of a scrapie case, control measures including further testing take place in affected flocks, including the culling of genotype susceptible to classical scrapie. This might result in the detection of additional cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of additional cases in flocks affected by atypical scrapie using surveillance data collected in Europe in order to ascertain whether atypical scrapie, is contagious.


RESULTS
Questionnaires were used to collect, at national level, the results of active surveillance and testing associated with flock outbreaks in 12 European countries. The mean prevalence of atypical scrapie was 5.5 (5.0-6.0) cases per ten thousand in abattoir surveillance and 8.1 (7.3-9.0) cases per ten thousand in fallen stock. By using meta-analysis, on 11 out of the 12 countries, we found that the probability of detecting additional cases of atypical scrapie in positive flocks was similar to the probability observed in animals slaughtered for human consumption (odds ratio, OR = 1.07, CI95%: 0.70-1.63) or among fallen stock (OR = 0.78, CI95%: 0.51-1.2). In contrast, when comparing the two scrapie types, the probability of detecting additional cases in classical scrapie positive flocks was significantly higher than the probability of detecting additional cases in atypical scrapie positive flocks (OR = 32.4, CI95%: 20.7-50.7).


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that atypical scrapie is not contagious or has a very low transmissibility under natural conditions compared with classical scrapie. Furthermore this study stressed the importance of standardised data collection to make good use of the analyses undertaken by European countries in their efforts to control atypical and classical scrapie.
Fediaevsky
Alexandre
A
Section of epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, PO Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway.
Maurella
Cristiana
C
Nöremark
Maria
M
Ingravalle
Francesco
F
Thorgeirsdottir
Stefania
S
Orge
Leonor
L
Poizat
Renaud
R
Hautaniemi
Maria
M
Liam
Barry
B
Calavas
Didier
D
Ru
Giuseppe
G
Hopp
Petter
P
D000818:Animals; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012608:Scrapie / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D012756:Sheep; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires