Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies and cardiovascular toxicity: what are the important clinical markers to target?
BACKGROUND
Therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are associated with hypertension, cardiotoxicity, and thromboembolic events.


METHODS
All prospective phase I-III clinical trials published up to December 2008 of approved anti-VEGF therapies (bevacizumab, sunitinib, sorafenib) and relevant literature were reviewed.


RESULTS
The rates of Common Toxicity Criteria (version 3) grade 3-4 hypertension with bevacizumab, sunitinib, and sorafenib were 9.2%, 6.9%, and 7.2%, respectively. Grade 3-4 left ventricular systolic dysfunction was noted in 0.3%, 1.4%, and 0.05% of patients, respectively, whereas the rates of grade 3-4 thromboembolism were 9.6%, 1.2%, and 3.8%, respectively. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) may play a key role in vasoconstriction and capillary rarefaction, which are unleashed when VEGF signaling is targeted. Inhibiting RAAS may be the optimal approach for managing these toxicities.


CONCLUSIONS
In anticipation of cardiovascular complications with anti-VEGF therapies, early detection and personalized management may improve clinical outcomes and tolerance.
Vaklavas
Christos
C
Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Lenihan
Daniel
D
Kurzrock
Razelle
R
Tsimberidou
Apostolia Maria
AM
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077210:Sunitinib; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D015415:Biomarkers; D007211:Indoles; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; D011758:Pyrroles; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009536:Niacinamide; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077210:Sunitinib