Development of an in vitro dual-chamber model of the female genital tract as a screening tool for epithelial toxicity.
Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is the predominant mode of infection worldwide. However, the early steps of transepithelial infection still need to be clarified. Using epithelial cells, originating from the female genital tract, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells as subepithelial target cells, an in vitro dual-chamber model of the female genital tract was developed. Remarkably, an intact layer of some cell types (HEC-1A, CaSki and Ect1) served as a protective barrier against cell-free but not against cell-associated HIV-1 that crossed the epithelial barrier through transmigration. Furthermore, dysfunctions of the epithelial layers were assessed by monitoring transepithelial electric resistance and transepithelial passage of FluoSpheres and HIV-1 after treatment with nonoxynol-9 (N-9). Most of the functional assays showed dysfunction of the epithelial barrier at lower concentrations compared to a widely used colorimetric toxicity assay (WST-1). Finally, N-9 treatment caused a significant increase in the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha (MIP-3alpha) and a decrease of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1) in this model. In conclusion, this model is a useful tool to (1) study HIV-1 transmission mechanisms and (2) evaluate epithelial toxicity of candidate microbicides.
Gali
Youssef
Y
Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B-2000 Antwerpen, Belgium. ygali@itg.be
Ariën
Kevin K
KK
Praet
Marleen
M
Van den Bergh
Rafael
R
Temmerman
Marleen
M
Delezay
Olivier
O
Vanham
Guido
G
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D002460:Cell Line; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054418:Chemokine CCL20 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D017137:Nonoxynol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D014621:Vagina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D014779:Virus Replication
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C108355:CCL20 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054418:Chemokine CCL20; D016209:Interleukin-8; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor; D017137:Nonoxynol