[Burden on designated hospitals when they receive inpatients from distant places in accordance with the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act].
OBJECTIVE
The current Medical Treatment and Supervision Act places a burden on designated psychiafric hospitals with forensic wards. We aimed to clarify the rate of discharge beyond the jurisdictional catchment area, for which overnight training becomes quite cost-ineffective, as hospital staff must accompany the patients home.


METHODS
On September 30, 2008, there were 16 designated hospitals in Japan, and 447 inpatients in these hospitals. They were the subjects of this study.


METHODS
We collected information on the 447 subjects regarding the postdischarge administrative division, the nearest railway station to the postdischarge residential location, "treatment stage", "overnight training" at the postdischarge residential location, and trouble during "overnight training". We analyzed the collected data using the "designated bed sufficiency ratio". We divided the 447 subjects into three groups: (1) Home inpatient group (home group); the administrative division of his/her postdischarge residential area is the same administrative division as the designated hospital. (2) Inpatient within a jurisdiction group (within group) ; the administrative division of his/her postdischarge residential area is not the same as the designated hospital but is in any administrative division within a jurisdiction of the Japanese Regional Bureau of Health and Welfare. (3) Inpatient outside a jurisdiction group (outside group) ; the administrative division of his/her postdischarge residential area is not the same as the designated hospital but is any administrative division outside a jurisdiction of the Japanese Regional Bureau of Health and Welfare. We compared: (1) the time required to travel to the railway station nearest the postdischarge residential location (time required), (2) traveling expenses, and (3) the distance from the railway station nearest the designated hospital to that of the postdischarge residential location (distance) between the three groups. We also analyzed staff comments regarding "overnight training".


RESULTS
The lack of designated beds was a serious problem in two jurisdictions of Kinki and the Hokkaido Regional Bureau of Health and Welfare, with a "designated bed sufficient ratio" of 0.08 and 0.00, respectively. Twenty-four Japanese administrative divisions had no designated beds, while 37 administrative divisions had less than 10 inpatients at the time of the survey. The numbers of people in the "home group", "within group", and "outside group" were 125 (28.0%), 166 (37.1%), and 145 (32.4%), respectively. The "time required", traveling expenses, and distance were 1: 00, Yen 735, and 29.8 km in the "home group", 2: 51, Yen 5,764, and 165.3 km in the "within group", and 4: 14, Yen 20,565, and 694.6 km in the "outside group". Seventy-nine (59.4%) of 133 subjects who were at the "return to community stage" had already experienced "overnight training". No difference was found in the rate of "overnight training" between the "home group", "within group", and "outside group". Staff comments included difficulties in providing staff for "overnight training", responsibilities during "overnight training", and difficulties in finding places of residence in the inpatients' hometowns.


CONCLUSIONS
Because of the lack and maldistribution of designated beds in Japan, many patients are reluctantly admitted to designated hospitals far from their postdischarge residential areas, burdening not only hospital staff but also families and the inpatients themselves. Increasing the number of designated beds will solve this problem. An effective way would be to set up a ward with a small-scale designated unit (less than 15 beds) in the 24 administrative divisions where there are no designaed beds at present.
Miyata
Ryoji
R
Yamanashi Prefectural Kita Hospital.
Oguchi
Yoshiyo
Y
Fujii
Yasuo
Y
Kobayashi
Yukie
Y
D017281:Cost of Illness; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry / Q000193:education*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics*; D006742:Hospital Bed Capacity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007564:Japan; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000191:economics*; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000191:economics*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires