Genetically modified mice-successes and failures of a widely used technology.
Genetically modified mice, created by random integration of a transgene into the genome or by targeted mutation of a specific gene, have proven to be extremely powerful tools for studying gene function in vivo. In this article, we give (1) a short overview of the traditional methods in mouse transgenesis and (2) a discussion of the problems with these methods, (3) more recent methods that were developed to overcome these problems, and (4) an outlook on future directions in gene targeting.
Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany. hayo@castrop.com
Hayo
H
Castrop
D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020868:Gene Silencing; D018390:Gene Targeting / Q000379:methods*; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D016678:Genome; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D034622:RNA Interference; D019076:Transgenes