Elevated urine levels of bufotenine in patients with autistic spectrum disorders and schizophrenia.
OBJECTIVE
Previous studies have suggested that the endogeneous psychotomimetic molecule bufotenine (N-N-dimethyl-5-idroxytryptamine) may play a role in the pathogenesis of severe mental disorders. The potential association of bufotenine with the clinical features of autism and schizophrenia is not entirely understood. In this study, we measured urinary levels of bufotenine in subjects with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects free of psychiatric symptoms. We also sought to assess whether urine concentrations of this molecule may be associated with the clinical characteristics of psychiatric patients.


METHODS
Urine bufotenine levels were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) assay in young adults with severe ASD (n=15), patients with schizophrenia (n=15), and healthy control subjects (n=18). The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale was used to measure adaptive behaviors in ASD individuals. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was used for patients with schizophrenia.


RESULTS
Urine bufotenine levels were significantly higher in ASD subjects (3.30 +/- 0.49 microg/L, p<0.05) and patients with schizophrenia (4.39 +/- 0.43 microg/L, p<0.001) compared with controls (1.53 +/- 0.30 microg/L). Among patients with ASD, there was a significant positive correlation between urine bufotenine and hyperactivity scores on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (r=0.479, p<0.05). No other associations were detected.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that elevated urine levels of the endogeneous psychotomimetic molecule bufotenine may play a role in ASD and schizophrenia, and can be correlated with hyperactivity scores in autism.
Emanuele
Enzo
E
Department of Health Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. enzo.em@libero.it
Colombo
Roberto
R
Martinelli
Valentina
V
Brondino
Natascia
N
Marini
Mara
M
Boso
Marianna
M
Barale
Francesco
F
Politi
Pierluigi
P
D000328:Adult; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000652:urine*; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D002027:Bufotenin / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D012107:Research Design; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000652:urine*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
D002027:Bufotenin