Viewing refractive-index profiles and small-scale inhomogeneities in glass optical fibers: some techniques.
Methods which have proved to be useful for measuring core-cladding refractive-index differences, for approximating refractive-index profiles, and for viewing various inhomogeneities in solid multimode optical fibers are described. Optical, transmission-interference, and scanning-electron-beam microscopy have been used, and the illustrations include examples of photomicrographs made by each of these techniques.
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CA
Burrus
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Standley