Oxidative damage to RNA: mechanisms, consequences, and diseases.
Overproduction of free radicals can damage cellular components resulting in progressive physiological dysfunction, which has been implicated in many human diseases. Oxidative damage to RNA received little attention until the past decade. Recent studies indicate that RNA, such as messenger RNA and ribosomal RNA, is very vulnerable to oxidative damage. RNA oxidation is not a consequence of dying cells but an early event involved in pathogenesis. Oxidative modification to RNA results in disturbance of the translational process and impairment of protein synthesis, which can cause cell deterioration or even cell death. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of oxidative damage to RNA and the possible biological consequences of damaged RNA. Furthermore, we review recent evidence suggesting that oxidative damage to RNA may contribute to progression of many human diseases.
Kong
Qiongman
Q
Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 4198 Graves Hall, 333 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Lin
Chien-Liang Glenn
CL
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism
D005609:Free Radicals; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012313:RNA