The influence of cigarette and qalyan (hookah) smoking on serum nitric oxide metabolite concentration.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of exposure to cigarette and qalyan (hookah) smoking on serum nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (NO(x)) concentration.


METHODS
Fasting serum NO(x) was measured by the Griess method in 333 men free of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease selected from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Subjects were classified into active and passive cigarette smokers and they were age-matched with the non-smoker groups (n = 93/group). Twenty-seven qalyan smokers were also included in the study with their age-matched controls.


RESULTS
Multivariable-adjustment serum NO(x) values were compared between groups by analysis of covariance. Serum NO(x) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the active smokers [28.9 micromol/L (95% CI 26.2-32.0)] compared to nonsmokers [24.1 micromol/L (95% CI 21.8-26.7)]. A positive correlation was found between serum NO(x) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (r = 0.222, p < 0.05). Qalyan smokers had higher serum NO(x) levels compared to the non-smoker controls [34.3 micromol/L (95% CI 27.8-42.3) vs. 22.5 micromol/L (95% CI 18.4-27.6), p < 0.01].


CONCLUSIONS
Active cigarette and qalyan smoking are associated with high serum NO(x) levels.
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Asghar
A
Ghasemi
Leila
L
Syedmoradi
Amir Abass
AA
Momenan
Saleh
S
Zahediasl
Fereidoun
F
Azizi
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
D001786:Blood Glucose; D008074:Lipoproteins; D009573:Nitrites; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002784:Cholesterol