Structure of sterol aliphatic chains affects yeast cell shape and cell fusion during mating.
Under mating conditions, yeast cells adopt a characteristic pear-shaped morphology, called a "shmoo," as they project a cell extension toward their mating partners. Mating partners make contact at their shmoo tips, dissolve the intervening cell wall, and fuse their plasma membranes. We identified mutations in ERG4, encoding the enzyme that catalyzes the last step of ergosterol biosynthesis, that impair both shmoo formation and cell fusion. Upon pheromone treatment, erg4Delta mutants polarized growth, lipids, and proteins involved in mating but did not form properly shaped shmoos and fused with low efficiency. Supplementation with ergosterol partially suppressed the shmooing defect but not the cell fusion defect. By contrast, removal of the Erg4 substrate ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraenol, which accumulates in erg4Delta mutant cells and contains an extra double bond in the aliphatic chain of the sterol, restored both shmooing and cell fusion to wild-type levels. Thus, a two-atom change in the aliphatic moiety of ergosterol is sufficient to obstruct cell shape remodeling and cell fusion.
Aguilar
Pablo S
PS
Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Heiman
Maxwell G
MG
Walther
Tobias C
TC
Engel
Alex
A
Schwudke
Dominik
D
Gushwa
Nathan
N
Kurzchalia
Teymuras
T
Walter
Peter
P
D055162:Biocatalysis; D002459:Cell Fusion; D048430:Cell Shape; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D009154:Mutation; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics
D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C066577:ERG5 protein, S cerevisiae; C070590:ERG4 protein, S cerevisiae; D004875:Ergosterol