Candidate gene analysis of ocular toxoplasmosis in Brazil: evidence for a role for toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9).
Toxoplasma gondii infection is an important mediator of ocular disease in Brazil more frequently than reported from elsewhere. Infection and pathology are characterized by a strong proinflammatory response which in mice is triggered by interaction of the parasite with the toll-like receptor (TLR)/MyD88 pathway. A powerful way to identify the role of TLRs in humans is to determine whether polymorphisms at these loci influence susceptibility to T. gondii-mediated pathologies. Here we report on a small family-based study (60 families; 68 affected offspring) undertaken in Brazil which was powered for large effect sizes using single nucleotide polymorphisms with minor alleles frequencies > 0.3. Of markers in TLR2, TLR5 and TLR9 that met these criteria, we found an association Family Based Association Tests [(FBAT) Z score = 4.232; p = 1.5 x 10-5; p corrected = 1.2 x 10-4] between the C allele (frequency = 0.424; odds ratio = 7; 95% confidence interval 1.6-30.8) of rs352140 at TLR9 and toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in Brazil. This supports the hypothesis that direct interaction between T. gondii and TLR9 may trigger proinflammatory responses that lead to severe pathologies such as the ocular disease that is associated with this infection in Brazil.
Peixoto-Rangel
Alba L
AL
Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil.
Miller
E Nancy
EN
Castellucci
Léa
L
Jamieson
Sarra E
SE
Peixe
Ricardo Guerra
RG
Elias
Liliani de Souza
Lde S
Correa-Oliveira
Rodrigo
R
Bahia-Oliveira
Lílian Mg
LM
Blackwell
Jenefer M
JM
D001938:Brazil; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000235:genetics*; D014126:Toxoplasmosis, Ocular / Q000235:genetics*
D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9