Histories of major depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Evidence for phenotypic differences.
This study examined unique versus shared stress and pain-related phenotypes associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and prior major depressive disorder (MDD). Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis measures were assessed at rest and during mental stress, as well as sensitivity to cold pressor and tourniquet ischemic pain tasks in four groups of women: (1) non-PMDD with no prior MDD (N=18); (2) non-PMDD with prior MDD (N=9); (3) PMDD with no prior MDD (N=17); (4) PMDD with prior MDD (N=10). PMDD women showed blunted SNS responses to stress compared to non-PMDD women, irrespective of prior MDD; while women with prior MDD showed exaggerated diastolic blood pressure responses to stress versus never depressed women, irrespective of PMDD. However, only in women with histories of MDD did PMDD women have lower cortisol concentrations than non-PMDD women, and only in non-PMDD women was MDD associated with reduced cold pressor pain sensitivity. These results suggest both unique phenotypic differences between women with PMDD and those with a history of MDD, but also indicate that histories of MDD may have special relevance for PMDD.
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7175, Medical School Wing D, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7175, USA. klatzkin@email.unc.edu
Rebecca R
RR
Klatzkin
Monica E
ME
Lindgren
Catherine A
CA
Forneris
Susan S
SS
Girdler
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008433:Mathematics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010641:Phenotype; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014111:Tourniquets; D055815:Young Adult; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000097:blood
D011374:Progesterone; D001615:beta-Endorphin; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine