The relationship between physiologic halitosis and periodontopathic bacteria of the tongue and gingival sulcus.
To determine the influence of oral status on halitosis, the relationship between halitosis and periodontopathic bacteria present in plaque on the tongue and the subgingival sulcus was examined in 62 periodontally healthy adults. Halitosis indicators used were the organoleptic score; gas chromatography results [total volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) = H(2)S + CH(3)SH + (CH(3))(2)S]; Halimeter values; and the results of three clinical tests, plaque control record (PlCR), plaque index (PlI), and tongue coat status. Significant correlations with organoleptic scores was observed for PlCR, PlI, tongue coat status, VSC amounts, and Halimeter values, indicating that halitosis in periodontally healthy subjects tended to originate from tongue plaque deposits. Polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect six periodontopathic bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, and Treponema denticola) from the tongue and subgingival plaque. Significant effects on the organoleptic scores, tongue coat status, total VSC, H(2)S and CH(3)SH amounts, and Halimeter values were observed only for T. denticola and F. nucleatum and only in the tongue plaque, not in the subgingival plaque. Thus, therapies developed to inhibit the growth of these bacteria may lead to future treatments of halitosis.
Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan. yasu@ngt.ndu.ac.jp
Toshiyuki
T
Yasukawa
Misaki
M
Ohmori
Soh
S
Sato
D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D001944:Breath Tests; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004846:Epithelial Attachment / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000382:microbiology*; D006209:Halitosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014059:Tongue / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D013457:Sulfur Compounds