ATP dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes in embryonic stem cells.
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells that can self renew or be induced to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, and thus have the potential to be utilized in regenerative medicine. Key pluripotency specific factors (Oct 4/Sox2/Nanog/Klf4) maintain the pluripotent state by activating expression of pluripotency specific genes and by inhibiting the expression of developmental regulators. Pluripotent ES cells are distinguished from differentiated cells by a specialized chromatin state that is required to epigenetically regulate the ES cell phenotype. Recent studies show that in addition to pluripotency specific factors, chromatin remodeling enzymes play an important role in regulating ES cell chromatin and the capacity to self-renew and to differentiate. Here we review recent studies that delineate the role of ATP dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes in regulating ES cell chromatin structure.
Saladi
Srinivas Vinod
SV
Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Block Health Sciences Building, Mail Stop 1010, 3035 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
de la Serna
Ivana L
IL
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000201:enzymology*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005838:Genotype; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D010641:Phenotype; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000201:enzymology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; C086468:ISWI protein; C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; C445179:SWI-SNF-B chromatin-remodeling complex; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D004265:DNA Helicases