Micellar extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet determination of some explosives in water samples.
An analytical method based on the cloud point extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography is used for the extraction, separation and determination of four explosives; octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazine (HMX), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). These compounds are extracted by using of Triton X-114 and cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). After extraction, the samples were analyzed using a HPLC-UV system. The parameters affecting extraction efficiency (such as Triton X-114 and CTAB concentrations, amount of Na(2)SO(4), temperature, incubation and centrifuge times) were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the preconcentration factor was 40 and the improvement factors of 34, 29, 61 and 42 with detection limits of 0.09, 0.14, 0.08 and 0.40 (microg L(-1)) were obtained for HMX, RDX, TNT and PETN, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of these compounds in water samples and showed recovery percentages of 97-102% with RSD values of 2.13-4.92%.
Faculty of Materials, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Lavizan Avenue, P.O. Box 16765/3454, Tehran, Iran. Safnba@gmail.com
Saeed
S
Babaee
Asadollah
A
Beiraghi
D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D008823:Micelles; D017830:Octoxynol; D010417:Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate / Q000032:analysis*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis*; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000032:analysis*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D053834:Explosive Agents; D008823:Micelles; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010417:Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017830:Octoxynol; C010615:Nonidet P-40; C009160:cyclonite; D000077286:Cetrimonium