Current findings of fMRI in panic disorder: contributions for the fear neurocircuitry and CBT effects.
Thanks to brain imaging great advances have been made concerning the comprehension of neural substrates related to panic disorder (PD). This article aims to: review the recent functional MRI (fMRI) studies concerning PD; correlate the PD fMRI neurobiological findings with the fear neurocircuitry hypothesis; discuss the fear neurocircuitry hypothesis and link it to cognitive-behavior therapy findings; and comment on fMRI study limitations and suggest methodological changes for future research. As a whole, there is increasing evidence that brain structures such as the prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex and limbic areas (hippocampus and amygdala) might play a major role in the panic response.
de Carvalho
Marcele Regine
MR
Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. marcelecarvalho@gmail.com
Dias
Gisele Pereira
GP
Cosci
Fiammetta
F
de-Melo-Neto
Valfrido Leão
VL
Bevilaqua
Mário Cesar do Nascimento
MC
Gardino
Patricia Franca
PF
Nardi
Antonio Egidio
AE
D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*