From basic research to clinical development of MEK1/2 inhibitors for cancer therapy.
The Ras-dependent Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway is a major regulator of cell proliferation and survival. Not surprisingly, hyperactivation of this pathway is frequently observed in human malignancies as a result of aberrant activation of receptor tyrosine kinases or gain-of-function mutations in RAS or RAF genes. Components of the ERK1/2 pathway are therefore viewed as attractive candidates for the development of targeted therapies of cancer. In this article, we briefly review the basic research that has laid the groundwork for the clinical development of small molecules inhibitors of the ERK1/2 pathway. We then present the current state of clinical evaluation of MEK1/2 inhibitors in cancer and discuss challenges ahead.
Frémin
Christophe
C
Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie and Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
Meloche
Sylvain
S
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D048370:MAP Kinase Kinase 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012106:Research / Q000639:trends; D012107:Research Design
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; C482128:MAP2K2 protein, human; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D048370:MAP Kinase Kinase 2; C482125:MAP2K1 protein, human