Generation of the pathogenic R5-tropic simian/human immunodeficiency virus SHIVAD8 by serial passaging in rhesus macaques.
A new pathogenic R5-tropic simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) was generated following serial passaging in rhesus macaques. All 13 animals inoculated with SHIV(AD8) passaged lineages experienced marked depletions of CD4(+) T cells. Ten of these infected monkeys became normal progressors (NPs) and had gradual losses of both memory and naïve CD4(+) T lymphocytes, generated antiviral CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses, and sustained chronic immune activation while maintaining variable levels of plasma viremia (10(2) to 10(5) RNA copies/ml for up to 3 years postinfection [p.i.]). To date, five NPs developed AIDS associated with opportunistic infections caused by Pneumocystis carinii, Mycobacterium avium, and Campylobacter coli that required euthanasia between weeks 100 and 199 p.i. Three other NPs have experienced marked depletions of circulating CD4(+) T lymphocytes (92 to 154 cells/microl) following 1 to 2 years of infection. When tested for coreceptor usage, the viruses isolated from four NPs at the time of their euthanasia remained R5 tropic. Three of the 13 SHIV(AD8)-inoculated macaques experienced a rapid-progressor syndrome characterized by sustained plasma viremia of >1 x 10(7) RNA copies/ml and rapid irreversible loss of memory CD4(+) T cells that required euthanasia between weeks 19 and 23 postinfection. The sustained viremia, associated depletion of CD4(+) T lymphocytes, and induction of AIDS make the SHIV(AD8) lineage of viruses a potentially valuable reagent for vaccine studies.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0460, USA.
Yoshiaki
Y
Nishimura
Masashi
M
Shingai
Ronald
R
Willey
Reza
R
Sadjadpour
Wendy R
WR
Lee
Charles R
CR
Brown
Jason M
JM
Brenchley
Alicia
A
Buckler-White
Rahel
R
Petros
Michael
M
Eckhaus
Victoria
V
Hoffman
Tatsuhiko
T
Igarashi
Malcolm A
MA
Martin
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; D000818:Animals; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D017000:Campylobacter coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D045363:Pneumocystis carinii / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D012692:Serial Passage; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019562:Viral Load; D056189:Viral Tropism; D014766:Viremia; D053585:Virus Attachment
D011991:Receptors, Virus