Cerebral function tests reveal differences in HIV-infected subjects with and without chronic HCV co-infection.
Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) remains prevalent in HIV-infected subjects despite effective combination antiretroviral therapy (CART). In subjects without evidence of hepatic decompensation, NCI is also a feature of chronic HCV infection. The present study aimed to examine cerebral function and establish differences between HIV-HCV co-infected (HCVco) and HIV mono-infected (HIVmo) individuals. Neurologically asymptomatic subjects with chronic HCVco were eligible and underwent computerized neurocognitive testing (CogState; CogState Ltd, Melbourne, Australia), a dementia assessment [International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS)] and memory assessment [the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ)]. Historic control data were available for 45 HIVmo individuals and differences between study groups were assessed. Twenty-seven HCVco subjects were recruited. Plasma HIV RNA was <50 copies/mL in 25/27 of HCVco subjects and all HIVmo subjects and nadir CD4+ cell count (mean ± SD) was 214 ± 166 cells/μL and 180 ± 130 cells/μL, in HCVco and HIVmo subjects, respectively. No statistically significant differences in neurocognitive parameters or PRMQ scores were observed between groups. However, a trend towards poorer executive function score was observed in HCVco subjects (p 0.106). IHDS score (mean ± SD) was poorer in HCVco subjects (10.48 ± 1.25) vs. HIVmo subjects (11.51 ± 0.76), (p <0.001). In a multivariate model, increasing age and HCVco were the only factors significantly associated with poorer IHDS scores (p 0.039 and <0.001, respectively). In HIV-infected subjects stable on CART, statistically significantly poorer performance in the IHDS score was observed in subjects with HCVco, although no differences were observed after neurocognitive testing or memory assessment.
Thiyagarajan
A
A
Division of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.
Garvey
L J
LJ
Pflugrad
H
H
Maruff
P
P
Scullard
G
G
Main
J
J
Taylor-Robsinson
S
S
Winston
A
A
D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010949:Plasma / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load