Auxiliary phosphatases in two-component signal transduction.
Signal termination in two-component systems occurs by loss of the phosphoryl group from the response regulator protein. This review explores our current understanding of the structures, catalytic mechanisms and means of regulation of the known families of phosphatases that catalyze response regulator dephosphorylation. The CheZ and CheC/CheX/FliY families, despite different overall structures, employ identical catalytic strategies using an amide side chain to orient a water molecule for in-line attack of the aspartyl phosphate. Spo0E phosphatases contain sequence and structural features that suggest a strategy similar to the chemotaxis phosphatases but the mechanism used by the Rap phosphatases is not yet elucidated. Identification of features shared by phosphatase families may aid in the identification of currently unrecognized classes of response regulator phosphatases.
Silversmith
Ruth E
RE
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290, USA. silversr@med.unc.edu
D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002633:Chemotaxis; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C032197:beta-aspartyl phosphate; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D011494:Protein Kinases; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases