Guidelines for the management of postterm pregnancy.
A pregnancy reaching 42 completed weeks (294 days) is defined as postterm (PT). The use of ultrasound in early pregnancy for precise dating significantly reduces the number of PT pregnancies compared to dating based on the last menstrual period. Although the fetal, maternal and neonatal risks increase beyond 41 weeks, there is no conclusive evidence that prolongation of pregnancy, per se, is the major risk factor. Other specific risk factors for adverse outcomes have been identified, the most important of which are restricted fetal growth and fetal malformations. In order to prevent PT and associated complications routine induction before 42 weeks has been proposed. There is no conclusive evidence that this policy improves fetal, maternal and neonatal outcomes as compared to expectant management. It is also unclear if the rate of cesarean sections is different between the two management strategies. After careful identification and exclusion of specific risks, it would seem appropriate to let women make an informed decision about which management they wish to undertake. There is consensus that the number of inductions necessary to possibly avoid one stillbirth is very high. If induction is preferred, procedures for cervical ripening should be used, especially in nulliparous women. Close intrapartum fetal surveillance should be offered, irrespective of whether labor was induced or not.
Mandruzzato
Giampaolo
G
Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Instituto per I'Infanzia, Trieste, Italy. mandruzzatogiampaolo@tin.it
Alfirevic
Zarko
Z
Chervenak
Frank
F
Gruenebaum
Amos
A
Heimstad
Runa
R
Heinonen
Seppo
S
Levene
Malcolm
M
Salvesen
Kjell
K
Saugstad
Ola
O
Skupski
Daniel
D
Thilaganathan
Baskaran
B
D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011273:Pregnancy, Prolonged / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D050497:Stillbirth; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods