High resolution melting analysis facilitates mutation screening of ETFDH gene: applications in riboflavin-responsive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
BACKGROUND
Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) or gluaric aciduria type II is an autosomal recessive disease caused by defects in mitochondrial electron transfer system and metabolism of fatty acid. Recently, ETFDH mutations were reported to be major causes of riboflavin-responsive MADD. The present study is aimed at screening ETFDH mutations.


METHODS
High resolution melting (HRM) analysis was performed to screen ETFDH mutations. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of the 9 patients with MADD and normal controls. Total 13 exons of ETFDH were screened by HRM analysis. The results were subsequently confirmed by direct DNA sequencing.


RESULTS
This diagnostic strategy proved to be feasible in detecting 3 known (c.250G>A, c380T>A, c.524G>T) and 1 novel (c.1831G>A) ETFDH mutations. Each mutation could be readily and accurately identified in the difference plot curves. We estimated the carrier frequency of the hotspot mutation, c.250G>A, in the Taiwanese population to be 1:125 (0.8%).


CONCLUSIONS
HRM analysis can be successfully applied to screen ETFDH mutations. Since riboflavin-responsive MADD is often treatable, especially with mutations in ETFDH, identifying ETFDH mutations is crucial for these patients.
Er
Tze-Kiong
TK
Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Liang
Wen-Chen
WC
Chang
Jan-Gowth
JG
Jong
Yuh-Jyh
YJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D044927:Electron-Transferring Flavoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods*; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D054069:Multiple Acyl Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D009691:Nucleic Acid Denaturation / Q000235:genetics*; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult
D044927:Electron-Transferring Flavoproteins; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; C023120:electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase; D012256:Riboflavin