Toxicity of ionic liquids on the growth, reproductive ability, and ATPase activity of earthworm.
To evaluate the toxicity of the ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide ([C(8)mim]Br) to Eisenia foetida, effects of [C(8)mim]Br on the growth, reproductive ability, and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of earthworms were determined under laboratory conditions using artificial soil as substrate. The results showed that [C(8)mim]Br in high concentrations significantly inhibited the growth of the earthworms. These effects were enhanced with prolonged exposure to and increasing concentration of [C(8)mim]Br. E. foetida's reproductive ability was significantly inhibited after 42d of subchronic exposure to [C(8)mim]Br at a concentration >or=5 mg kg(-1) artificial soil (dry weight). During acute exposure, a high concentration of [C(8)mim]Br >or=40 mg kg(-1) artificial soil (dry weight) inhibited the activities of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Mg(++)-ATPase after 3 and 7d of exposure. After 42d of subchronic exposure, the activity of both ATPases was inhibited in groups exposed to >or=5mg[C(8)mim]Brkg(-1) artificial soil (dry weight). These results indicate that treatment with the ionic liquid [C(8)mim]Br affects the growth, reproductive ability, and ATPase activity of earthworms E. foetida.
College of Physical Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
Yan-Rui
YR
Luo
Wang
W
San-Hu
Xiao-Yu
XY
Li
Mi-Xia
MX
Yun
Jian-Ji
JJ
Wang
Zhen-Jun
ZJ
Sun
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000633:toxicity*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
C534649:1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases