Antihyperlipidemic activity of 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol, a novel antidiabetic compound isolated from Casearia esculenta (Roxb.) root, in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
Casearia esculenta root (Roxb.) is widely used in traditional system of medicine to treat diabetes in India. An active compound, 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol (3-HMX), has been isolated, and its optimum dose has been determined in a short duration study and patented. In addition, the long-term effect of 3-HMX in type 2 diabetic rats on carbohydrate metabolism was investigated, and its antihyperglycemic effect was shown previously (Chandramohan et al., Eur J Pharmacol 2008;590:437-443). In this study we investigated the effect of 3-HMX on plasma and tissue lipid profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male albino rats of the Wistar strain, weighing 180-200 g, by administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitoneally. The normal and diabetic rats were treated with 3-HMX (40 mg/kg BW/day) for 45 days. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids were assayed in the plasma besides lipoprotein-cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C)) and tissues (liver, kidney, heart, and brain). Total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and phospholipid (LDL-C and VLDL-C in plasma only) levels increased in plasma and tissues significantly, whereas plasma HDL-C significantly decreased in diabetic rats. Treatment with 3-HMX or glibenclamide reversed the above-mentioned changes and improved toward normalcy. Histological study of liver also confirmed the biochemical findings. Thus administration of 3-HMX is able to reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia related to the risk of diabetes mellitus.
Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 10219, Riyadh-11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Govindasamy
G
Chandramohan
Khalid S
KS
Al-Numair
Muruhan
M
Sridevi
Kodukkur Viswanathan
KV
Pugalendi
D000818:Animals; D037821:Casearia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D008517:Phytotherapy; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014993:Xylitol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
C532178:3-hydroxymethylxylitol; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D010743:Phospholipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D013311:Streptozocin; D002784:Cholesterol; D014993:Xylitol