Attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation by gravinol in high glucose-exposed renal tubular epithelial cells.
Gravinol, a proanthocyanidin from grape seeds, has polyphenolic properties with powerful anti-oxidative effects. Although, increasing evidence strongly suggests that polyphenolic antioxidants suppress diabetic nephropathy that is causally associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, gravinol's protective action against diabetic nephropathy has not been fully explored to date. In the current study, we investigated the protective action of gravinol against oxidative stress and inflammation using the experimental diabetic nephropathy cell model, high glucose-exposed renal tubular epithelial cells. To elucidate the underlying actions of gravinol, several oxidative and inflammatory markers were estimated. Included are measurements of lipid peroxidation, total reactive species (RS), superoxide (O(2)), nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), as well as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) nuclear translocation. Results indicate that gravinol had a potent inhibitory action against lipid peroxidation, total RS, O(2), NO, ONOO(-), the reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio and more importantly, against NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. We propose that gravinol's strong protective effect against high glucose-induced renal tubular epithelial cell damage attenuates diabetic nephropathy by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Kim
You Jung
YJ
Department of Dental Hygiene, Busan Women's University, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-734, South Korea.
Kim
Young Ae
YA
Yokozawa
Takako
T
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C548723:gravinol; C024070:pycnogenols; D005978:Glutathione; D005947:Glucose