Structural basis of human CYP51 inhibition by antifungal azoles.
The obligatory step in sterol biosynthesis in eukaryotes is demethylation of sterol precursors at the C14-position, which is catalyzed by CYP51 (sterol 14-alpha demethylase) in three sequential reactions. In mammals, the final product of the pathway is cholesterol, while important intermediates, meiosis-activating sterols, are produced by CYP51. Three crystal structures of human CYP51, ligand-free and complexed with antifungal drugs ketoconazole and econazole, were determined, allowing analysis of the molecular basis for functional conservation within the CYP51 family. Azole binding occurs mostly through hydrophobic interactions with conservative residues of the active site. The substantial conformational changes in the B' helix and F-G loop regions are induced upon ligand binding, consistent with the membrane nature of the protein and its substrate. The access channel is typical for mammalian sterol-metabolizing P450 enzymes, but is different from that observed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis CYP51. Comparison of the azole-bound structures provides insight into the relative binding affinities of human and bacterial P450 enzymes to ketoconazole and fluconazole, which can be useful for the rational design of antifungal compounds and specific modulators of human CYP51.
Strushkevich
Natallia
N
Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. natstrush@gmail.com
Usanov
Sergey A
SA
Park
Hee-Won
HW
D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000737:chemistry*; D004464:Econazole / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D058886:Sterol 14-Demethylase
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C548418:CYP51A1 protein, human; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004464:Econazole; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C501935:cytochrome P-450 CYP51, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D058886:Sterol 14-Demethylase; D007654:Ketoconazole