[Norovirus infections: an overview].
Noroviruses belong to the Caliciviridae family. They are a major cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of gastroenteritis in all age groups, and are responsible for a considerable disease burden in industrialized countries. Noroviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses, and show great genetic diversity making their detection difficult. Noroviruses can be divided into 5 genogroups, which themselves are subdivided into genotypes. Besides chance mutations that occur during viral replication, the great heterogeneity observed among noroviruses is also due to intra and inter-genotypic recombination events between strains. Some of these new variants or new recombinants are frequently associated with new epidemic waves of gastroenteritis. Finally, it is worth pointing out that the discovery of mechanisms involved in NoV infections through blood antigen-related receptors and cultivation of the first norovirus, a murine norovirus, are milestones in research on this virus. These advances open new promising avenues of research that will help to the understanding of the -pathogenicity of this important pathogen.
Centre National de Référence des virus entériques, Laboratoire de virologie, Plateau technique de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, 2, rue Angélique Ducoudray, BP 37013, F-21070 Dijon Cedex, France.
Alexis
A
de Rougemont
Katia
K
Ambert-Balay
Gaël
G
Belliot
Pierre
P
Pothier
D000818:Animals; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D051379:Mice; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000821:virology
D011134:Polysaccharides; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011991:Receptors, Virus