High-resolution dual-trap optical tweezers with differential detection: an introduction.
Optical traps or "optical tweezers" have become an indispensable tool in understanding fundamental biological processes. The ability to manipulate and probe individual molecules or molecular complexes has led to a new, more refined understanding of the mechanical properties of the fundamental building blocks of the cell, and of the mechanism by which molecular machines function. The field has seen a steady stream of technological advances that have greatly refined the technique. One major effort has been in developing methods to resolve motions at the angstrom level--the fundamental length scale for many biological processes. This drive has only recently come to fruition with the advent of high-resolution optical trapping techniques that can now detect movements on the scale of a single base pair of DNA, 3.4 A. Here we briefly review the basic concepts and components of optical traps and the single-molecule experiments in which they are used.
Bustamante
Carlos
C
Chemla
Yann R
YR
Moffitt
Jeffrey R
JR
D001695:Biology / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D008846:Micromanipulation / Q000379:methods; D052898:Optical Tweezers; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results