Mutations in SLC29A3, encoding an equilibrative nucleoside transporter ENT3, cause a familial histiocytosis syndrome (Faisalabad histiocytosis) and familial Rosai-Dorfman disease.
The histiocytoses are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterised by an excessive number of histiocytes. In most cases the pathophysiology is unclear and treatment is nonspecific. Faisalabad histiocytosis (FHC) (MIM 602782) has been classed as an autosomal recessively inherited form of histiocytosis with similarities to Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) (also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML)). To elucidate the molecular basis of FHC, we performed autozygosity mapping studies in a large consanguineous family and identified a novel locus at chromosome 10q22.1. Mutation analysis of candidate genes within the target interval identified biallelic germline mutations in SLC29A3 in the FHC kindred and in two families reported to have familial RDD. Analysis of SLC29A3 expression during mouse embryogenesis revealed widespread expression by e14.5 with prominent expression in the central nervous system, eye, inner ear, and epithelial tissues including the gastrointestinal tract. SLC29A3 encodes an intracellular equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT3) with affinity for adenosine. Recently germline mutations in SLC29A3 were also described in two rare autosomal recessive disorders with overlapping phenotypes: (a) H syndrome (MIM 612391) that is characterised by cutaneous hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis, hepatomegaly, heart anomalies, hearing loss, and hypogonadism; and (b) PHID (pigmented hypertrichosis with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) syndrome. Our findings suggest that a variety of clinical diagnoses (H and PHID syndromes, FHC, and familial RDD) can be included in a new diagnostic category of SLC29A3 spectrum disorder.
Morgan
Neil V
NV
Wellchild Paediatric Research Centre and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Morris
Mark R
MR
Cangul
Hakan
H
Gleeson
Diane
D
Straatman-Iwanowska
Anna
A
Davies
Nicholas
N
Keenan
Stephen
S
Pasha
Shanaz
S
Rahman
Fatimah
F
Gentle
Dean
D
Vreeswijk
Maaike P G
MP
Devilee
Peter
P
Knowles
Margaret A
MA
Ceylaner
Serdar
S
Trembath
Richard C
RC
Dalence
Carlos
C
Kismet
Erol
E
Köseoğlu
Vedat
V
Rossbach
Hans-Christoph
HC
Gissen
Paul
P
Tannahill
David
D
Maher
Eamonn R
ER
D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002879:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 / Q000235:genetics; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D056426:Genetic Loci / Q000235:genetics; D015618:Histiocytosis, Sinus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D033703:Nucleoside Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D013577:Syndrome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
D033703:Nucleoside Transport Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C501425:Slc29a3 protein, mouse; C501424:SLC29A3 protein, human