Pore-forming properties of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry9Ca in Manduca sexta brush border membrane vesicles.
The toxicity and pore-forming ability of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry9Ca insecticidal toxin, its single-site mutants, R164A and R164K, and the 55-kDa fragment resulting from its proteolytic cleavage at residue 164 were investigated using Manduca sexta neonate larvae and fifth-instar larval midgut brush border membrane vesicles, respectively. Neither the mutations nor the proteolytic cleavage altered Cry9Ca toxicity. Compared with Cry1Ac, Cry9Ca and its mutants formed large poorly selective pores in the vesicles. Pore formation was highly dependent on pH, however, especially for wild-type Cry9Ca and both mutants. Increasing pH from 6.5 to 10.5 resulted in an irregular step-wise decrease in membrane permeabilization that was not related to a change in the ionic selectivity of the pores. Pore formation was much slower with Cry9Ca and its derivatives, including the 55-kDa fragment, than with Cry1Ac and its rate was not influenced by the presence of protease inhibitors or a reducing agent.
Brunet
Jean-Frédéric
JF
Groupe d'étude des protéines membranaires, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.
Vachon
Vincent
V
Juteau
Marc
M
Van Rie
Jeroen
J
Larouche
Geneviève
G
Vincent
Charles
C
Schwartz
Jean-Louis
JL
Laprade
Raynald
R
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D007814:Larva / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D018402:Manduca / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D008871:Microvilli / Q000378:metabolism; D020125:Mutation, Missense
D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis