Travel-associated Dengue illnesses among Wisconsin residents, 2002-2008.
BACKGROUND
Dengue infections in humans can result in self-limited illness or conditions that can be severe and life-threatening. Persons traveling to many tropical regions are at risk for dengue infection. This report retrospectively summarizes travel-associated dengue cases occurring among Wisconsin residents from 2002 through 2008.


METHODS
We used a surveillance case definition based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 1996 dengue illness case definition. Detection of dengue-specific IgM antibody in serum specimens was used for laboratory confirmation of dengue. Clinical and travel histories, mosquito exposure, and repellent use were obtained from patients by interview using arbovirus-specific data collection forms.


RESULTS
During 2002-2008, 32 travel-associated dengue illnesses were reported among Wisconsin residents; none met the case criteria of dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. Fever (100%), headache (90%), and myalgia (87%) were the most frequently reported signs and symptoms. Nine (28%) patients were hospitalized; no deaths occurred. Onsets in 25 (81%) of 31 patients with reported travel histories occurred after return to Wisconsin. Eighteen (56%) of the 32 patients were female; median age was 35.5 years (range 12 to 68 years). Patients most frequently reported travel to Mexico/Central America (45%) or the Caribbean Islands (39%). Cases occurred during all months. Reported mosquito exposure was high among patients (85%), but consistent repellent use was low (6%).


CONCLUSIONS
Dengue illnesses occur in travelers to dengue-endemic tropical areas. Travelers to these areas must take precautions to prevent mosquito bites. Clinicians should consider dengue in travelers who develop febrile illnesses with headache or myalgia within 2 weeks of their return. Arboviral diseases, including dengue, are reportable in Wisconsin.
Sotir
Mark J
MJ
Bureau of Communicable Diseases, Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Madison, USA. MSotir@cdc.gov
Hoang Johnson
Diep K
DK
Davis
Jeffrey P
JP
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014195:Travel; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology