Micro-CT evaluation of residual material in canals filled with Activ GP or GuttaFlow following removal with NiTi instruments.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy of removing Activ GP or GuttaFlow from canals using NiTi instruments.


METHODS
Root canals in 55 extracted pre-molars were prepared to apical size 40, 0.04 taper. The teeth were imaged with micro-CT, and 30 teeth selected that had consistent apical size and taper of the shaped canals. They were randomly assigned to root filling with either the glass-ionomer-based ActivGP system (n = 15) or the polyvinylsiloxane-based GuttaFlow system (n = 15). After 2 weeks, canals were retreated stepwise with size 40-50 EndoSequence 0.04 taper instruments. Micro-CT scans (8 mum) were taken after use of each instrument to detect root filling residue in the coronal, middle and apical segment, and the retreatment time recorded. Residue, expressed as percentage of canal surface area, was compared between groups with t-tests, and within groups with repeated measures anova and Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons. Retreatment time was analysed with one-way anova.


RESULTS
The percentage of sealer residue-coated canal surface was consistently highest (P < 0.001) in the apical third of canals, and it did not differ significantly between the two root filling groups. Stepwise enlargement from size 40 to 50 significantly decreased the amount of sealer residue in both groups (P < 0.001). Retreatment time did not differ significantly between groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Both root fillings with ActivGP and GuttaFlow were removed with nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Enlargement of canals up to two sizes beyond the pre-retreatment size was necessary to minimize the amount of sealer remaining.
Roggendorf
M J
MJ
Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University Medical Center, Giessen and Marburg, Germany.
Legner
M
M
Ebert
J
J
Fillery
E
E
Frankenberger
R
R
Friedman
S
S
D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D006801:Humans; D009532:Nickel; D011145:Polyvinyls; D019233:Retreatment; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012833:Siloxanes; D016369:Smear Layer; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014025:Titanium; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C515718:GuttaFlow; D011145:Polyvinyls; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012833:Siloxanes; C528807:activ GP sealer; C034183:vinyl polysiloxane; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D014025:Titanium