Health effects of vitamin D.
Increasing data suggest that many or most adults in the United States and Europe would benefit from vitamin D supplements. This review summarizes the benefits of vitamin D with the strongest evidence today from randomized controlled trials for fall and fracture prevention. Beyond fall and fracture prevention, vitamin D may also reduce overall morbidity by multiple mechanisms. Prospective epidemiological studies supported by strong mechanistic evidence suggest a reduction of cardiovascular disease (incident hypertension and cardiovascular mortality) and colorectal cancer, extending to weaker evidence on immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory benefits of vitamin D.
Bischoff-Ferrari
Heike
H
Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich and Department of Rheumatology and Institute of Physical Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. Heike.Bischoff@usz.ch
D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014481:United States; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
D014807:Vitamin D