Paramutation in maize: RNA mediated trans-generational gene silencing.
Paramutation involves trans-interactions between alleles or homologous sequences that establish distinct gene expression states that are heritable for generations. It was first described in maize by Alexander Brink in the 1950s, with his studies of the red1 (r1) locus. Since that time, paramutation-like phenomena have been reported in other maize genes, other plants, fungi, and animals. Paramutation can occur between endogenous genes, two transgenes or an endogenous gene, and transgene. Recent results indicate that paramutation involves RNA-mediated heritable chromatin changes and a number of genes implicated in RNAi pathways. However, not all aspects of paramutation can be explained by known mechanisms of RNAi-mediated transcriptional silencing.
Arteaga-Vazquez
Mario Alberto
MA
BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, United States. marteaga@cals.arizona.edu
Chandler
Vicki Lynn
VL
D000483:Alleles; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020868:Gene Silencing; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D010940:Plant Proteins; D018749:RNA, Plant; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering