The effects of exercise-induced weight loss on appetite-related peptides and motivation to eat.
BACKGROUND
The magnitude of exercise-induced weight loss depends on the extent of compensatory responses. An increase in energy intake is likely to result from changes in the appetite control system toward an orexigenic environment; however, few studies have measured how exercise impacts on both orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of medium-term exercise on fasting/postprandial levels of appetite-related hormones and subjective appetite sensations in overweight/obese individuals.


METHODS
We conducted a longitudinal study in a university research center.


METHODS
Twenty-two sedentary overweight/obese individuals (age, 36.9 +/- 8.3 yr; body mass index, 31.3 +/- 3.3 kg/m(2)) took part in a 12-wk supervised exercise programme (five times per week, 75% maximal heart rate) and were requested not to change their food intake during the study.


METHODS
We measured changes in body weight and fasting/postprandial plasma levels of glucose, insulin, total ghrelin, acylated ghrelin (AG), peptide YY, and glucagon-like peptide-1 and feelings of appetite.


RESULTS
Exercise resulted in a significant reduction in body weight and fasting insulin and an increase in AG plasma levels and fasting hunger sensations. A significant reduction in postprandial insulin plasma levels and a tendency toward an increase in the delayed release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (90-180 min) were also observed after exercise, as well as a significant increase (127%) in the suppression of AG postprandially.


CONCLUSIONS
Exercise-induced weight loss is associated with physiological and biopsychological changes toward an increased drive to eat in the fasting state. However, this seems to be balanced by an improved satiety response to a meal and improved sensitivity of the appetite control system.
Obesity Research Group, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway. catia.martins@ntnu.no
C
C
Martins
B
B
Kulseng
N A
NA
King
J J
JJ
Holst
J E
JE
Blundell
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D000886:Anthropometry; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004435:Eating; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
D036361:Peptide Hormones