Depressive symptoms among young breast cancer survivors: the importance of reproductive concerns.
Breast cancer diagnosis and treatment can negatively impact fertility in premenopausal women and influence reproductive planning. This study investigates whether concerns about reproduction after breast cancer treatment were associated with long-term depressive symptoms. Participants include 131 women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer at age 40 or younger participating in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Survivorship Study. Participants were enrolled an average of 1.5 years postdiagnosis and depressive symptoms were monitored 6 times throughout the average additional 10 year follow-up period. Detailed recall of reproductive concerns after treatment was collected an average of 12 years postdiagnosis. Multilevel regression was used to evaluate whether mean long-term depressive symptoms differed as a function of reproductive concerns and significant covariates. Multilevel regression identified greater recalled reproductive concerns as an independent predictor of consistent depressive symptoms after controlling for both social support and physical health (B = 0.02, SE = 0.01, P = 0.04). In bivariate analyses, being nulliparous at diagnosis and reporting treatment-related ovarian damage were both strongly associated with higher reproductive concerns and with depressive symptoms. Reported reproductive concerns after breast cancer treatment were a significant contributor to consistent depressive symptoms. Younger survivors would benefit from additional information and support related to reproductive issues.
Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0901, USA.
Jessica R
JR
Gorman
Vanessa L
VL
Malcarne
Scott C
SC
Roesch
Lisa
L
Madlensky
John P
JP
Pierce
D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D011939:Mental Recall; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010049:Ovarian Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States