Potocki-Shaffer syndrome: comprehensive clinical assessment, review of the literature, and proposals for medical management.
Potocki-Shaffer syndrome is a rare contiguous gene deletion syndrome due to haploinsufficiency of the 11p11.2p12 region and is characterized by craniofacial abnormalities, developmental delay, intellectual disability, multiple exostoses, and biparietal foramina. In this study, six patients with the Potocki-Shaffer syndrome were identified and evaluated using a multidisciplinary protocol that included assessments by a geneticist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, orthopedist, nephrologist, audiologist, and neuropsychologist. Diagnostic studies included skeletal survey, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, renal ultrasound, complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, thyroid studies, and urinalysis. Using array comparative genomic hybridization, we further characterized the deletion in five of these patients. The results of these evaluations were combined with a comprehensive review of reported cases. Our data highlight the characteristic facial features, biparietal foramina, moderate-to-severe developmental delay and intellectual disability, myopia and strabismus, and multiple exostoses seen with this disorder. We also identify for the first time an association of Potocki-Shaffer syndrome with sensorineural hearing loss and autistic behaviors. Finally, we provide recommendations for the health maintenance of patients with Potocki-Shaffer syndrome.
Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Daniel T
DT
Swarr
Douglas
D
Bloom
Richard Alan
RA
Lewis
Ewa
E
Elenberg
Ellen M
EM
Friedman
Caron
C
Glotzbach
Scott D
SD
Wissman
Lisa G
LG
Shaffer
Lorraine
L
Potocki
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational; D005097:Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D013577:Syndrome