The effects of intra-cage aspen tube on cardiac morphology and gene expression.
According to the European recommendations rodents should be provided with a nest box if there is insufficient nesting material to build a complete, covered nest. Rats are generally poor nest builders; hence an additional structure is needed. Optimally, housing refinement may be combined with better science; at least it should not detract from the scientific integrity. In order to evaluate these options, there is a need to assess the items used in individual research projects. Studies investigating molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure are typically long-lasting studies; therefore, refinement of the housing of rats in these studies is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate in rats whether a wooden tube has any impact on cardiac morphology or on basal gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP); known markers of cardiac overload, hypertrophy and heart failure. The experimental protocol simulated cardiovascular studies, but without any surgical operations. A total of 42 male Hsd:SD rats were used in an eight-week experiment. After weaning, the experimental group was provided with a rectangular aspen tube and nesting material, and the control group with only nesting material. ANP and BNP gene expression were measured from the left ventricles with Northern blot analysis postmortem along with the absolute weights of the whole heart, left and right atria and left and right chambers. The weights of the whole heart and left chamber were also analysed in relation to body weight. No statistically significant differences were observed in any of these variables. The inter-individual variation was also unchanged by the cage item. In conclusion, the aspen tube does not disrupt research results or alter the number of animals needed and can therefore be recommended for enrichment purposes in cardiovascular studies.
Voipio
H-M
HM
Laboratory Animal Centre, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. hanna-marja.voipio@oulu.fi
Kasanen
I H E
IH
Leskinen
H
H
Mäkinen
T
T
Nevalainen
T
T
D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D012333:RNA, Messenger; C472610:atrial natriuretic peptide, rat; C495963:natriuretic peptide precursor type B, rat; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor