The influence of gender on short- and long-term outcome after primary PCI and delivered medical care for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
OBJECTIVE
Despite the advances in treatment for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) during the past decades for both men and women, most previous studies reported on significantly higher unadjusted in-hospital and long-term mortality rates among women compared with men. Most of these studies have been performed in the (pre-)thrombolytic and early post-thrombolytic era. Many studies reported on myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndromes and did not specifically address STEMI. Moreover, the association of gender, quality of care and mortality has not been systematically assessed.


RESULTS
Early as well as long-term clinical outcome and delivered quality care was evaluated in an unselected cohort of 3,277 (2,367 men and 910 women) consecutive STEMI patients treated by primary PCI in a tertiary referral institution between January 1995 and 2006. Mean follow-up was 3.2+/-2.2 years. The unadjusted early and late hazards of mortality were not significantly different between men and women (30-days HR 0.87; 95%CI 0.67-1.12; 3-year HR 0.87; 95%CI 0.71-1.10), despite more adverse clinical characteristics in women. Gender was not an independent predictor for mortality and adjustment for covariates did not alter these results. Quality of care was similar between both sexes.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite higher age and more disadvantageous clinical characteristics, unadjusted early as well as long-term mortality in women with STEMI treated by primary PCI was equal compared with men. Women have longer ischaemic times compared with men but not due to a difference in delivered care. Quality of care before, during and after reperfusion was equal for men and women.
Sjauw
Krischan D
KD
Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Stegenga
Nienke K
NK
Engström
Annemarie E
AE
van der Schaaf
René J
RJ
Vis
Marije M
MM
Macleod
Alexander
A
Baan
Jan
J
Koch
Karel T
KT
de Winter
Robbert J
RJ
Tijssen
Jan G P
JG
Piek
Jan J
JJ
Henriques
José P S
JP
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D002317:Cardiovascular Agents