Antiproliferative effect of chitosan-added kimchi in HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells.
The anticancer effects of chitosan-added kimchi were investigated by using an in vitro cellular system with HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Two different kinds of chitosan-soluble chitosan with a 90% degree of deacetylation and 3 cps viscosity and nonsoluble chitosan with a 95% degree of deacetylation and 22 cps viscosity-were used as sub-ingredients to increase anticancer effects of kimchi. The soluble chitosan-added kimchi (SK) and nonsoluble chitosan-added kimchi (NK) were stronger growth inhibitors in HT-29 cells than the control kimchi (CK) according to the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and the growth inhibition test. Treatment with SK and NK induced apoptosis, as determined by 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and resulted in the up-regulation of Bax expression and down-regulation of Bcl-2, cIAP-1, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis-2, cyclooxygenase-2, inhibitory nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) expressions when compared to CK. The antiproliferative and anti-apoptotic effects appeared to be more pronounced in the cells treated with NK. The antiproliferative effects of the chitosan-added kimchi appeared to be associated with the induction of apoptosis through NF-kappaB or an NF-kappaB-dependent pathway. These results suggest that chitosan has potential to be a valuable active ingredient in functional kimchi products with anticancer effects.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Chang-Suk
CS
Kong
Young-Eun
YE
Bahn
Boh-Kyung
BK
Kim
Kang-Yoon
KY
Lee
Kun-Young
KY
Park
D000107:Acetylation; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005285:Fermentation; D005527:Food, Fortified; D015870:Gene Expression; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014675:Vegetables; D014783:Viscosity; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D048271:Chitosan; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2