The treatment of hypercholesterolemic children: efficacy and safety of a combination of red yeast rice extract and policosanols.
OBJECTIVE
The prevention of cardiovascular risk, as occurs in lipoprotein disorders, is required since childhood. Aim of the study was to evaluate, in a group of children affected by primary dyslipidemia, the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a short-term treatment with a dietary supplement containing red yeast rice extract and policosanols.


RESULTS
40 children affected by heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) (n=24) and Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (FCH) (n=16), aged 8-16 years, were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. After a 4-week run-in period with only dietary advice, children received a dietary supplement containing 200mg red yeast rice extract, corresponding to 3mg of monacolins, and 10mg policosanols once-daily and placebo for 8 weeks, separated by a 4-week washout period. Lipid profile was assessed after each treatment period. The dietary supplement, compared with the placebo, significantly reduced total cholesterol by 18.5% (p<0.001), LDL-C levels by 25.1% (p<0.001), and apolipoprotein B by 25.3% (p<0.001) when patients were considered as a whole group. Similar results were obtained when FH and FCH were considered separately and no significant difference between groups was detected. No significant differences were observed in HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I levels. No adverse effects were detected when liver and muscular enzymes (AST, ALT, and CK) were determined.


CONCLUSIONS
The treatment with a dietary supplement containing red yeast rice extract and policosanols has been for the first time successfully employed in hypercholesterolemic children. Results indicate this strategy as an effective, safe and well tolerated in a short-term trial.
Guardamagna
O
O
Department of Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia, 94, I-10126 Turin, Italy. ornella.guardamagna@unito.it
Abello
F
F
Baracco
V
V
Stasiowska
B
B
Martino
F
F
D000293:Adolescent; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D001688:Biological Products / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male
D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001688:Biological Products; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; C117343:red yeast rice; C080710:policosanol