Polymorphisms in NOS3, ACE and PAI-1 genes and risk of spontaneous recurrent miscarriage in the Gaza Strip.
OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between spontaneous recurrent miscarriage (RM) and common polymorphisms in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and endothelium-derived nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) genes among women experiencing RM in the Gaza Strip.


METHODS
The presence of these genetic profiles was determined for 100 women who had had at least 3 constitutive abortions and 100 controls without any history of abortion using molecular biological techniques.


RESULTS
The ACE D/D polymorphism was present in 49% of the study population and in 54% of the controls (p = 0.479). Similarly, there was no significant difference detected in the distribution of polymorphisms for PAI-1, with the 4G/4G genotype present in the study group and in controls (p = 1.00). NOS3 4a/4a was present in 4% of the study group and in none of the 100 controls (p = 0.123). In this study, we also discovered a new variant in the NOS3 gene which was named 4c allele and was encountered in 1 patient and in 1 control subject.


CONCLUSIONS
There was no significant association between ACE I/D, PAI-1 4G/5G and NOS3 4a/4b and the occurrence of first-trimester RM. In-depth investigation of the association of NOS3 4a/4a with RM is strongly recommended.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Lab, Alshifa Hospital, Ministry of Health, Gaza, Palestine.
Rami J
RJ
Al Sallout
Fadel A
FA
Sharif
D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008877:Middle East / Q000453:epidemiology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017698:Postmenopause; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
D017931:DNA Primers; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A