A Pilot Study of Microbial Contamination of Subtropical Recreational Waters.
Microbial water quality indicators are used to determine whether a water body is safe for recreational purposes. There have been concerns raised about the appropriate use of microbial indicators to regulate recreational uses of water bodies, in particular those located in tropical and sub-tropical environments. This prospective cohort pilot study evaluated the relationship between microbial water quality indicators and public health within two public beaches without known sewage discharge, but with historically high microbial levels for one beach, in subtropical Miami-Dade County (Florida). Monitoring was conducted in three phases: daily water monitoring, beach sand sampling, and spatially intense water sampling. An epidemiological questionnaire from a Los Angeles recreational beach-goer study was used to assess the self-reported swimming-related symptoms and exposures. There was no significant association between the number nor the type of reported symptoms and the different sampling months or beach sites, although persons who returned repeatedly to the beach were more likely to report symptoms. The number of indicator organisms correlated negatively with the frequency of symptoms reported by recreational beach goers. Results of the daily monitoring indicated that different indicators provided conflicting results concerning beach water quality.Larger epidemiologic studies with individual exposure monitoring are recommended to further evaluate these potentially important associations in subtropical recreational waters.
Lora E
LE
Fleming
Gabriele H
GH
Solo
Samir
S
Elmir
Tomoyuki
T
Shibata
Dominick
D
Squicciarini
Wendy
W
Quirino
Margia
M
Arguello
Gayl
G
Van de Bogart