Structure and absolute configuration of karlotoxin-2, an ichthyotoxin from the marine dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum.
In an attempt to determine the cause of repeated fish kills in an estuarine aquaculture facility in Maryland, a toxin with hemolytic, cytotoxic, and ichthyotoxic properties, designated as karlotoxin-2 (KmTx2), was isolated from Karlodinium veneficum. The structure of KmTx2 was elucidated by means of detailed ID and 2D NMR spectra, including 2D INADEQUATE. The relative and absolute configurations of KmTx2 were determined using J-based configuration analysis and comparison of its degradation products with synthetic controls.
Department of Pharmacognosy and National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA.
Jiangnan
J
Peng
Allen R
AR
Place
Wesley
W
Yoshida
Clemens
C
Anklin
Mark T
MT
Hamann
D000818:Animals; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000737:chemistry*; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D061065:Polyketides; D011714:Pyrans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D015027:Zebrafish
D008387:Marine Toxins; D061065:Polyketides; D011714:Pyrans; C550130:karlotoxin 2