Short term and intermediate term comparison of endarterectomy versus stenting for carotid artery stenosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relative short term safety and intermediate term efficacy of carotid endarterectomy versus carotid artery stenting.


METHODS
Systematic review and meta-analysis.


METHODS
BIOSIS, Embase, Medline, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts database, ISI Web of Science, and Google scholar and bibliographies, from 1 January 1990 to 25 July 2009.


METHODS
Randomised controlled trials comparing carotid endarterectomy with carotid artery stenting in patients with carotid artery stenosis with or without symptoms.


METHODS
Primary end point was a composite of mortality or stroke. Secondary end points were death, stroke, myocardial infarction, or facial neuropathy (as individual end points), and mortality or disabling stroke (as a composite end point).


RESULTS
11 trials were included (4796 patients); 10 reported on short term outcomes (n=4709) and nine on intermediate term outcomes (1-4 years). The periprocedural risk of mortality or stroke was lower for carotid endarterectomy (odds ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.47 to 0.95; P=0.025) than for carotid stenting, mainly because of a decreased risk of stroke (0.65, 0.43 to 1.00; P=0.049), whereas the risk of death (1.14, 0.56 to 2.31; P=0.727) and the composite end point mortality or disabling stroke (0.74, 0.53 to 1.05; P=0.088) did not differ significantly. The odds of periprocedural myocardial infarction (2.69, 1.06 to 6.79; P=0.036) or cranial nerve injury (10.2, 4.0 to 26.1; P<0.001) was higher in the carotid endarterectomy group than in the carotid stenting group. In the intermediate term, the two treatments did not differ significantly for stroke or death (hazard ratio 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.74 to 1.1; P=0.314).


CONCLUSIONS
Carotid endarterectomy was found to be superior to carotid artery stenting for short term outcomes but the difference was not significant for intermediate term outcomes; this difference was mainly driven by non-disabling stroke. Significantly fewer cranial nerve injuries and myocardial infarctions occurred with carotid artery stenting.
Meier
Pascal
P
University of Michigan Cardiovascular Center, Floor 2A 394, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5853, USA.
Knapp
Guido
G
Tamhane
Umesh
U
Chaturvedi
Seemant
S
Gurm
Hitinder S
HS
D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome