Presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) and sentinel node.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the presence of HPV in VSCC and sentinel nodes (SN) in patients in Sweden and the possible influence of HPV on prognosis.


METHODS
Primary tumors from 75 VSCC patients undergoing the SN procedure and SNs from 69 patients were tested for HPV DNA. Analyses were performed by PCR using general (GP5+/6+ and CPI/IIG) type-specific primers, and sequencing in paraffin-embedded VSCC and SN.


RESULTS
HPV was detected in 23/75 (31%) of the tumors and in 10/23 (43%) of the SNs in patients with HPV-positive tumors and in one SN of a patient with an HPV-negative tumor. Patients with HPV-positive VSCC were younger at diagnosis (p<0.001) and had better survival (p=0.030), adjusted for age and lesion size, than those with HPV-negative tumors. In patients with HPV-positive tumors, SNs with metastases were more frequently HPV positive (5/5) than those without metastases (5/18) (p=0.007).


CONCLUSIONS
The rate of 31% HPV-positive VSCC in Sweden is similar to other reports. As far as we know, HPV in SN in VSCC never been investigated previously. The differences in age, tumor size, prevalence of HPV in SN and survival of patients with HPV-positive and negative VSCC support the assumption that VSCC develops through two different pathways, with better survival for patients with HPV-positive tumors. Presence of HPV DNA in SN was related to metastatic disease but did not affect survival in this study.
Lindell
Gunnel
G
Department of Woman and Child Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. gunnel.lindell@karolinska.se
Näsman
Anders
A
Jonsson
Cathrine
C
Ehrsson
Radmila Jovanovic
RJ
Jacobsson
Hans
H
Danielsson
Kristina Gemzell
KG
Dalianis
Tina
T
Källström
Britta Nordström
BN
Larson
Barbro
B
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology*
D004279:DNA, Viral; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin