Differential age-related changes in motor unit properties between elbow flexors and extensors.
OBJECTIVE
Healthy adult ageing of the human neuromuscular system is comprised of changes that include atrophy, weakness and slowed movements with reduced spinal motor neurone output expressed by lower motor unit discharge rates (MUDRs). The latter observation has been obtained mostly from hand and lower limb muscles. The purpose was to determine the extent to which elbow flexor and extensor contractile properties, and MUDRs in six old (83 +/- 4 years) and six young (24 +/- 1 years) men were affected by age, and whether any adaptations were similar for both muscle groups.


METHODS
Maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC), voluntary activation, twitch contractile properties, force-frequency relationship and MUDRs from sub-maximal to maximal intensities were assessed in the elbow flexors and extensors.


RESULTS
Both flexor and extensor MVCs were significantly (P < 0.05) less (approximately 42% and approximately 46% respectively) in the old than in the young. Contractile speeds and the force-frequency relationship did not show any age-related differences (P > 0.05). For the elbow flexors contraction duration was approximately 139 ms and for the extensors it was approximately 127 ms for both age groups (P > 0.05). The mean MUDRs from 25% MVC to maximum were lower (approximately 10% to approximately 36%) in the old than in the young (P < 0.01). These age-related differences were larger for biceps (Cohen's d = 8.25) than triceps (Cohen's d = 4.79) brachii.


CONCLUSIONS
Thus, at least for proximal upper limb muscles, mean maximal MUDR reductions with healthy adult ageing are muscle specific and not strongly related to contractile speed.
Dalton
B H
BH
Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Jakobi
J M
JM
Allman
B L
BL
Rice
C L
CL
D000200:Action Potentials; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D004550:Elbow; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult