Disruption of the podosome adaptor protein TKS4 (SH3PXD2B) causes the skeletal dysplasia, eye, and cardiac abnormalities of Frank-Ter Haar Syndrome.
Frank-Ter Haar syndrome (FTHS), also known as Ter Haar syndrome, is an autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by skeletal, cardiovascular, and eye abnormalities, such as increased intraocular pressure, prominent eyes, and hypertelorism. We have conducted homozygosity mapping on patients representing 12 FTHS families. A locus on chromosome 5q35.1 was identified for which patients from nine families shared homozygosity. For one family, a homozygous deletion mapped exactly to the smallest region of overlapping homozygosity, which contains a single gene, SH3PXD2B. This gene encodes the TKS4 protein, a phox homology (PX) and Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing adaptor protein and Src substrate. This protein was recently shown to be involved in the formation of actin-rich membrane protrusions called podosomes or invadopodia, which coordinate pericellular proteolysis with cell migration. Mice lacking Tks4 also showed pronounced skeletal, eye, and cardiac abnormalities and phenocopied the majority of the defects associated with FTHS. These findings establish a role for TKS4 in FTHS and embryonic development. Mutation analysis revealed five different homozygous mutations in SH3PXD2B in seven FTHS families. No SH3PXD2B mutations were detected in six other FTHS families, demonstrating the genetic heterogeneity of this condition. Interestingly however, dermal fibroblasts from one of the individuals without an SH3PXD2B mutation nevertheless expressed lower levels of the TKS4 protein, suggesting a common mechanism underlying disease causation.
Department of Human Genetics 855, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Zafar
Z
Iqbal
Pilar
P
Cejudo-Martin
Arjan
A
de Brouwer
Bert
B
van der Zwaag
Pilar
P
Ruiz-Lozano
M Cecilia
MC
Scimia
James D
JD
Lindsey
Robert
R
Weinreb
Beate
B
Albrecht
Andre
A
Megarbane
Yasemin
Y
Alanay
Ziva
Z
Ben-Neriah
Mariangela
M
Amenduni
Rosangela
R
Artuso
Joris A
JA
Veltman
Ellen
E
van Beusekom
Astrid
A
Oudakker
José Luis
JL
Millán
Raoul
R
Hennekam
Ben
B
Hamel
Sara A
SA
Courtneidge
Hans
H
van Bokhoven
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009139:Musculoskeletal Abnormalities / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D049294:Phospholipid Transfer Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D013577:Syndrome
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C533499:Fad49 protein, mouse; D049294:Phospholipid Transfer Proteins; C547814:SH3PXD2B protein, human