Fatal hepatitis B infection despite immunization in an HIV-infected infant: a possible case of vaccine failure and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
We report a case of hepatitis B immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an 8-month-old girl with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. In resource-constrained countries, HIV-hepatitis B co-infections are often difficult to diagnose and to treat. We highlight on the importance of hepatitis B and HIV screening in pregnant women, to implement efficient preventive measures.
Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Division, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada. dimitri.vanderlinden@uclouvain.be
Dimitri
D
Van der Linden
Mark
M
Cotton
Helena
H
Rabie
Neil
N
McKerrow
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines