Spanish translation and adaptation of Victoria Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for breast cancer screening--mammography.
BACKGROUND
Victoria Champion used the constructs of the Health Belief Model as the foundation for developing Champion's Health Belief Scales for Mammography Screening (CHBMS). The instrument has been used to collect health beliefs about breast screening behaviors among various ethnic populations but has not been translated, adapted, or psychometrically evaluated in the Hispanic population.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this article was to report the translation and adaptation process from English to Spanish and the psychometric estimates of the validity and reliability of CHBMS-Spanish. The original instrument was translated from English to Spanish by a professional translator and back-translated into English by a focus group of healthcare professionals.


METHODS
The tool was given to 5 monolingual women to evaluate for content validity, translation validity, and cultural appropriateness. A total of 200 self-identified Hispanic women, literate in speaking and reading Spanish, aged 45 to 75 years, and without history of breast cancer were included in the analyses.


RESULTS
The items of the scale formed coherent subsets that were relatively independent of each other and aligned to the 3 factors prescribed by the Health Belief Model constructs. Internal consistency values presented acceptable Cronbach alpha levels ranging from .69 to .83. Test-retest reliability correlations were .57 for susceptibility, .63 for benefits, and .83 for barriers.


CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the Spanish version of CHBMS demonstrated acceptable preliminary values of reliability and validity. Further psychometric testing is recommended.


CONCLUSIONS
The Spanish version of the CHBMS can be used by practicing nurses as an instrument to assess health beliefs concerning mammography screening among Spanish-speaking Hispanic women.
Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA. rmedina6@fau.edu
Rosario
R
Medina-Shepherd
Jo Ann
JA
Kleier
D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D017144:Focus Groups; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000523:psychology*; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D019303:Multilingualism; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014175:Translating; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology