Part 2: Structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations of fused pyrazoles as potent, selective and orally available inhibitors of p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase.
A novel class of pyrazolopyridazine p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors is disclosed. A structure activity relationship (SAR) investigation was conducted driven by the ability of these compounds to inhibit the p38alpha enzyme, the secretion of TNFalpha in a LPS-challenged THP1 cell line and TNFalpha-induced production of IL-8 in the presence of 50% human whole blood (hWB). This study resulted in the discovery of several inhibitors with IC(50) values in the single-digit nanomolar range in hWB. Further investigation of the pharmacokinetic profiles of these lead compounds led to the identification of three potent and orally bioavailable p38alpha inhibitors 2h, 2m, and 13h. Inhibitor 2m was found to be highly selective for p38alpha/beta over a panel of 402 other kinases in Ambit screening, and was highly efficacious in vivo in the inhibition of TNFalpha production in LPS-stimulated Lewis rats with an ED(50) of ca. 0.08mg/kg.
Wurz
Ryan P
RP
Department of Chemistry Research & Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA. rwurz@amgen.com
Pettus
Liping H
LH
Henkle
Bradley
B
Sherman
Lisa
L
Plant
Matthew
M
Miner
Kent
K
McBride
Helen J
HJ
Wong
Lu Min
LM
Saris
Christiaan J M
CJ
Lee
Matthew R
MR
Chmait
Samer
S
Mohr
Christopher
C
Hsieh
Faye
F
Tasker
Andrew S
AS
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001549:Benzamides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001665:Binding Sites; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011724:Pyridazines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases