Melatonin reduces apoptosis induced by calcium signaling in human leukocytes: Evidence for the involvement of mitochondria and Bax activation.
We have evaluated the effect of melatonin on apoptosis evoked by increases in [Ca(2+)]( c ) in human leukocytes. Our results show that treatment of neutrophils with the calcium mobilizing agonist FMLP or the specific inhibitor of calcium reuptake thapsigargin induced a transient increase in [Ca(2+)]( c ). Our results also show that FMLP and thapsigargin increased caspase-9 and -3 activities and the active forms of both caspases. The effect of FMLP and thapsigargin on caspase activation was time-dependent. Similar results were obtained when lymphocytes were stimulated with thapsigargin. This stimulatory effect was accompanied by induction of mPTP, activation of the proapoptotic protein Bax and release of cytochrome c. However, when leukocytes were pretreated with melatonin, all of the apoptotic features indicated above were significantly reversed. Our results suggest that melatonin reduces caspase-9 and -3 activities induced by increases in [Ca(2+)]( c ) in human leukocytes, which are produced through the inhibition of both mPTP and Bax activation.
Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
Javier
J
Espino
Ignacio
I
Bejarano
Pedro C
PC
Redondo
Juan A
JA
Rosado
Carmen
C
Barriga
Russel J
RJ
Reiter
José A
JA
Pariente
Ana B
AB
Rodríguez
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D019284:Thapsigargin; D045304:Cytochromes c; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D008550:Melatonin; D002118:Calcium