A fast assay of water hardness ions based on alkaline earth metal induced coacervation (HALC).
In this work, a rapid assay of water hardness is presented based on the formation of a coacervate phase made up of multilamellar vesicles and close bilayers produced upon the reaction of alkaline earth metals with a carboxylate anionic surfactant in the presence of a co-surfactant (methanol). The procedure exploits the light scattering abilities of the coacervate phase which can be logarithmically linked to total hardness as CaCO(3) equivalents via spectrophotometric detection at 350 nm. The method, abbreviated as HALC, stemming from hardness by alkaline earth metal coacervation, is straightforwardly applicable overcoming the requirement for regulation of the experimental parameters involved in the determination procedure. In total, 28 water samples with various matrix compositions and hardness contents were analyzed with satisfactory accuracy as evidenced by comparison of the results with EDTA complexometric titration. The method is free from interferences from environmentally significant metal cations and inorganic anions affording detection limits as low as 13.5 mg L(-1) CaCO(3) with the aid of a correction factor, which is determined by the non-linear absorbance properties of the solution mixture, and satisfactory reproducibility (RSD=4.21-8.08%).
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
George Z
GZ
Tsogas
Dimosthenis L
DL
Giokas
Athanasios G
AG
Vlessidis