Induction of MKP-1 prevents the cytotoxic effects of PI3K inhibition in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells.
OBJECTIVE
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumor) is one of the most difficult cancers to treat. We demonstrate activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, which is a critical pathway for cell survival, in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells. However, inhibition of PI3K has little effect on hilar cholangiocarcinoma cell survival. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells resist PI3K inhibitors.


METHODS
Human hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells KKU-100 were treated with PI3K inhibitors, and cell viability and apoptosis assays were performed. The expression of a MAPK phosphatase (MKP-1) that contributes to cancer cell survival in response to multiple stress stimuli was assayed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. In addition, the effects of the MKP-1 inhibitor were studied in KKU-100 cells treated with PI3K inhibitors.


RESULTS
Incubation of KKU-100 cells with PI3K inhibitors resulted in increased expression of MKP-1. Furthermore, we found that inhibition of MKP-1 using siRNA silencing sensitized KKU-100 cells to PI3K inhibitor-induced apoptosis via increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.


CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that concurrent inhibition of PI3K and MKP-1 induces apoptosis in KKU-100 cells. Simultaneous targeting of the PI3K pathway and MKP-1 may be a useful approach to improve therapies directed against hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
Leelawat
Kawin
K
Department of Surgery, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. kawin.leelawat@gmail.com
Udomchaiprasertkul
Wandee
W
Narong
Siriluck
S
Leelawat
Surang
S
D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
D002867:Chromones; D003513:Cycloheximide; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C517019:DUSP1 protein, human