The immunobiology of aluminium adjuvants: how do they really work?
Aluminium adjuvants potentiate the immune response, thereby ensuring the potency and efficacy of typically sparingly available antigen. Their concomitant critical importance in mass vaccination programmes may have prompted recent intense interest in understanding how they work and their safety. Progress in these areas is stymied, however, by a lack of accessible knowledge pertaining to the bioinorganic chemistry of aluminium adjuvants, and, consequently, the inappropriate application and interpretation of experimental models of their mode of action. The objective herein is, therefore, to identify the many ways that aluminium chemistry contributes to the wide and versatile armoury of its adjuvants, such that future research might be guided towards a fuller understanding of their role in human vaccinations.
Exley
Christopher
C
The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK. c.exley@chem.keele.ac.uk
Siesjö
Peter
P
Eriksson
Håkan
H
D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018448:Models, Immunological; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014612:Vaccines; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C012714:aluminum phosphate