Family meals and adolescents: what have we learned from Project EAT (Eating Among Teens)?
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the present paper is to provide an integrated overview of the research methodology and key findings from a decade of research on family meals as part of Project EAT (Eating Among Teens), a large, population-based study of adolescents.


METHODS
Focus groups conducted with 141 middle-school and high-school adolescents suggested the importance of family meals in influencing adolescents' food choices. These findings led to the inclusion of questions on family meals in the Project EAT-I survey, completed by 4746 middle-school and high-school students, and in the Project EAT-II longitudinal survey, completed by 2516 of the original participants five years later. A subset of 902 parents also participated in telephone interviews as part of Project EAT-I.


RESULTS
Findings indicate that many adolescents and parents view family meals in a positive light, but there is great diversity in the context and frequency of family meal patterns in the homes of adolescents. Findings further suggest that family meals may have benefits in terms of dietary intake, disordered eating behaviours, substance use and psychosocial health.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings from Project EAT, in conjunction with other research studies on family meals, suggest the importance of working with families to increase the frequency and improve the quality of family meals. Further research is needed in order to elucidate the pathways that underpin the relationships between family meals and health outcomes. Suggestions for a future research agenda based on what was learned from Project EAT are provided.
Neumark-Sztainer
Dianne
D
Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South Second Street-Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. neumark@epi.umn.edu
Larson
Nicole I
NI
Fulkerson
Jayne A
JA
Eisenberg
Marla E
ME
Story
Mary
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002648:Child; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology*; D005195:Family Relations; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012574:Schools; D012931:Social Environment; D013334:Students