Chronic kidney disease, thrombotic microangiopathy, and hypertension following T cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now an accepted long-term complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), which are used for prophylaxis and treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), have been associated with the development of nephrotoxicity. Hypertension (HTN) and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) are 2 comorbidities linked to CKD. T cell depletion (TCD) of stem cell grafts can obviate the need for the use of CNI. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 100 patients who underwent TCD transplantation: 30 in group A were conditioned without total-body radiation (TBI) and 70 in group B received a TBI containing regimen. None of the patients received CNI. The median age was 55.5 and 45 years for groups A and B, respectively. Eleven patients developed TMA, all in group B. The 2-year cumulative incidence of sustained CKD was 29.2% and 48.8% in group A and group B, respectively, with a mean follow-up of at least 21 months. CKD free survival was better in the non-TBI group (P = .046). Multivariable survival analysis revealed that exposure to TBI, older age, and TMA were risk factors for CKD. The incidence of new onset or worsening HTN was 6.7% and 25.7% (P = .03) in group A and B, respectively. The use of TBI (P = .0182) and diagnosis of TMA (P = .0006) predisposed patients to the development of HTN using univariable logistic regression models. Thus, despite the absence of CNI, a proportion of these older patients in both groups developed CKD and HTN.
Glezerman
Ilya G
IG
Department of Medicine, Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. glezermi@mskcc.org
Jhaveri
Kenar D
KD
Watson
Thomas H
TH
Edwards
Alison M
AM
Papadopoulos
Esperanza B
EB
Young
James W
JW
Flombaum
Carlos D
CD
Jakubowski
Ann A
AA
D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017741:Survivors; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D057049:Thrombotic Microangiopathies / Q000209:etiology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous