Neuroprotective activity of Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana extracts in vitro and in vivo.
Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana (VTT) is a wild grape native to Taiwan, where it has been used as a folk medicine. In this study, we found that the branch and leaf ethanol extracts of VTT significantly inhibited the inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase protein expression and NO production in BV2 microglia. Using primary neuronal cells, kainic acid (KA) significantly increased hydrogen peroxide production in a dose-dependent manner. All four ethanol extracts of VTT significantly decreased hydrogen peroxide production. However, only root and branch ethanol extracts were able to prevent the neuronal cell death induced by KA in vitro. In the animal study, administration of all four plant part extracts of VTT delayed the onset of seizure and decreased the hippocampus neuronal cell loss, and the neuroprotective activity could be ranked as follows: branch approximately leaf > root > trunk. The results suggest that VTT extracts have a potential to prevent neurodegeneration through the antioxidative activity by their ability to inhibit NO and hydrogen peroxide production.
Wang
Chung-Kwe
CK
Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chen
Lih-Geeng
LG
Wen
Chi-Luan
CL
Hou
Wen-Chi
WC
Hung
Ling-Fang
LF
Yen
Shish-Jung
SJ
Shen
Yi-Jyun
YJ
Lin
Shyr-Yi
SY
Liang
Yu-Chih
YC
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007608:Kainic Acid; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D018547:Plant Stems; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis
D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D007608:Kainic Acid