Potential new therapeutic agents for diabetic kidney disease.
Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, and both the incidence and prevalence of diabetic nephropathy continue to increase. Currently, various treatment regimens and combinations of therapies provide only partial renoprotection. It is obvious that new approaches are desperately needed to retard the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Recently, a number of new agents have been described that have the potential to delay the progression of diabetic kidney disease and minimize the growing burden of end-stage renal disease. These include inhibitors and breakers of advanced glycation end products, receptor antagonists for advanced glycation end products, protein kinase C inhibitors, NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase inhibitors, glycosaminoglycans, endothelin receptor antagonists, antifibrotic agents, and growth factor inhibitors. This review addresses these promising new therapeutic agents for delaying the progression of diabetic kidney disease.
Turgut
Faruk
F
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Bolton
Warren Kline
WK
D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018450:Disease Progression; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000494:pharmacology; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011733:Pyridoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000494:pharmacology
D000577:Amides; C526317:CCN2 protein, human; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D006146:Guanidines; D006834:Hydrazines; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D011733:Pyridoxamine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C484919:Avosentan; C468887:ALT-946; C004479:pimagedine; D010431:Pentoxifylline