title: Decreasing cardiac chamber sizes and associated heart dysfunction in COPD: role of hyperinflation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the role of abnormal lung function in heart size and heart dysfunction in patients with COPD. We studied the relationship of lung function with heart size and heart dysfunction and associated consequences for 6-min walk distance (6MWD) in patients with COPD of different severitites.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 138 patients with COPD (Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] I-IV), we measured the size of all cardiac chambers, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (relaxation and filling), and global right ventricular dysfunction (Tei-index) by echocardiography. We also measured lung function (spirometry, body plethysmography, and diffusion capacity) and 6MWD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The size of all cardiac chambers decreased with increasing GOLD stage. Overall, moderate relationships existed between variables of lung function and cardiac chamber sizes. Static hyperinflation (inspiratory-to-total lung capacity ratio [IC/TLC], functional residual capacity, and residual volume) showed stronger associations with cardiac chamber sizes than airway obstruction or diffusion capacity. IC/TLC correlated best with cardiac chamber sizes and was an independent predictor of cardiac chamber sizes after adjustment for body surface area. Patients with an IC/TLC < or = 0.25 had a significantly impaired left ventricular diastolic filling pattern and a significantly impaired Tei-index compared with patients with an IC/TLC > 0.25. An impaired left ventricular diastolic filling pattern was independently associated with a reduced 6MWD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increasing rate of COPD severity is associated with a decreasing heart size. Hyperinflation could play an important role regarding heart size and heart dysfunction in patients with COPD.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Research Institute, Hospital Grosshansdorf, Center for Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, Woehrendamm 80, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany. h.watz@pulmoresearch.de
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watz
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Waschki
authors.forename: Trhorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kretschmar
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirsten
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Claussen
authors.forename: Helgo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Magnussen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002306:Cardiac Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D010991:Plethysmography; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D014109:Total Lung Capacity / Q000502:physiology*; D018754:Ventricular Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*