title: Ultrasonographic appearance of canine parvoviral enteritis in puppies.
abstract: The ultrasonographic appearance of the gastrointestinal tract of puppies suffering from parvoviral enteritis was characterized. Forty puppies between 6 and 24 weeks of age with confirmed canine parvoviral enteritis were examined ultrasonographically within 24 h of admission. Sonographic findings included fluid-filled small intestines in 92.5% of subjects, and stomach and colon in 80% and 62.5% of subjects, respectively. Generalized atony was present in 30 subjects and weak peristaltic contractions indicative of functional ileus observed in the remaining 10 subjects. The duodenal and jejunal mucosal layer thicknesses were significantly reduced when compared with normal puppies with mean duodenal mucosal layer measuring 1.7 mm and jejunal mucosal layer 1.0 mm. Additionally, a mucosal layer with diffuse hyperechoic speckles was seen in the duodenum (15% of subjects) and the jejunum (50% of subjects). The luminal surface of the duodenal mucosa was irregular in 22.5% of subjects and the jejunal mucosa in 42.5% of subjects. In all of these subjects, changes were accompanied by generalized indistinct wall layering. Small intestinal corrugations were seen within the duodenum in 35% of subjects and within the jejunum in 7.5%. A mild amount of anechoic free peritoneal fluid was observed in 26 subjects and was considered within normal limits and a moderate amount of anechoic free peritoneal fluid was observed in six subjects. The jejunal lymph node size was within normal limits. None of the above changes are pathognomonic for canine parvoviral enteritis but finding them in combination is highly suggestive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Republic of South Africa. nerissa.stander@up.ac.za
authors.forename: Nerissa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stander
authors.forename: Wencke M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goddard
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kirberger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000821:virology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D041741:Lower Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D013019:South Africa; D014463:Ultrasonography