title: Antioxidant systems of brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) semen.
abstract: The present study characterizes the antioxidant systems of brown trout, Salmo trutta, semen as supplementation of semen dilution media with antioxidants can be beneficial to improve techniques for semen storage and cryopreservation. Antioxidants and oxidant defensive enzymes of spermatozoa and seminal plasma were analyzed. To determine whether antioxidants and oxidant defensive enzymes have an effect on sperm functionality, in vitro experiments were performed. Selected antioxidants and oxidant defensive enzymes were added to sperm motility-inhibiting saline solution and their effects on sperm viability (motility when activated, membrane integrity, and lipid peroxidation) were measured. In seminal plasma and spermatozoa the enzymes catalase, glutathione reductase, methionine sulfoxide reductase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase and the metabolites ascorbic acid, glutathione, methionine, tocopherol, and uric acid were detected. Of the enzymes superoxide dismutase had the highest activity, of the metabolites uric acid occurred in highest concentrations. During in vitro incubation uric acid and catalase increased the sperm motility, sperm membrane integrity, and decreased the sperm lipid peroxidation in comparison to the control. However, catalase was effective only at an activity much higher than that occurring in seminal plasma. Reduced methionine increased the sperm motility and sperm membrane integrity and oxidized methionine the motility. However, neither reduced nor oxidized methionine decreased the sperm membrane lipid peroxidation. It is concluded, that uric acid is the main antioxidant of brown trout semen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg, Austria. franz.lahnsteiner@sbg.ac.at
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lahnsteiner
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.forename: Kristjan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Plaetzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D002374:Catalase / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000032:analysis; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000032:analysis; D051150:Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases / Q000032:analysis; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000032:analysis; D014337:Trout / Q000378:metabolism*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014527:Uric Acid; D008715:Methionine; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D051150:Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases; C027219:methionine sulfoxide reductase; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D024505:Tocopherols