title: Dietary exposure to essential and toxic trace elements from a Total diet study in an adult Lebanese urban population.
abstract: This study assesses, by the Total diet study approach, the adequacy of micronutrient intake (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn) and the dietary exposure of a Lebanese adult urban population to two toxic elements (Cd, Pb). The foods that made up the average 'total diet' were derived from a previous individual consumption survey. A total of 1215 individual foods were collected, prepared and cooked prior to analysis. Analytical quantification was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Average daily intakes of Co (11.4 microg/day), Cu (1104.19 microg/day), Fe (13.00 mg/day), Mn (2.04 mg/day), Ni (126.27 microg/day) and Zn (10.97 mg/day) were below toxicological reference values and were found to satisfy nutritional recommendations, except for manganese in men and iron in women. Average dietary exposure to Pb and Cd represented 3.2% and 21.7% of the respective provisional tolerable weekly intakes. Estimates of dietary intakes of iron appeared to be inadequate for 63% of adult women. These findings should constitute a current measure of assessing the adequacy and safety of foods consumed in Lebanon and may be a basis for future monitoring studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nasreddine
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nashalian
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Naja
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Itani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parent-Massin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nabhani-Zeidan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hwalla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D007861:Lebanon; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000032:analysis*; D012016:Reference Values; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D014131:Trace Elements; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead