title: Independent contributions of cognitive functioning and social risk factors to symptoms of ADHD in two nordic populations-based cohorts.
abstract: This study examined independent contributions of executive functioning (EF), state regulation (SR), and social risk factors to symptom dimensions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in two cohorts, which included 221 Norwegian children and 294 Finnish adolescents. Independent contributions of EF and SR were shown in the Norwegian cohort and EF contributed independently in the Finnish cohort. When controlling for each symptom dimension, cognitive functioning and social risk factors were differentially associated with inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. The results show the need to include both social risk factors and cognitive functioning to obtain a better understanding of ADHD symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. linda.forssman@psyk.uu.se
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forssman
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bohlin
authors.forename: Astri J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lundervold
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taanila
authors.forename: Einar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heiervang
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Marjo-Riitta
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jarvelin
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smalley
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D011584:Psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index