title: Abnormal regional brain activity during rest and (anticipated) gastric distension in functional dyspepsia and the role of anxiety: a H(2)(15)O-PET study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  During gastric distension in hypersensitive functional dyspepsia (FD), activation was found in somatosensory cortex (SI/SII) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) but, contrary to controls, not in pregenual anterior cingulate (pACC). The aims of this article were to study (i) cortical activations and deactivations during distension and sham compared with baseline in FD, regardless of sensitivity status; (ii) differences in brain activity between health and FD during "no distension" conditions; and (iii) the relationship between anxiety and brain activity in FD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brain H(2)(15)O-PET was performed in 25 FD patients (13 hypersensitive) during three conditions: baseline, distension at discomfort threshold, and sham. Brain activity was compared against healthy controls using SPM2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Discomfort threshold was lower; sensation scores in all conditions were higher in patients than controls. (i) Activations were similar to controls, except for a lack of pACC activation during distension in FD. Patients showed no dorsal pons and amygdala deactivation during distension and sham, respectively. (ii) Comparing baseline or sham activity showed the following differences: higher activity in SII/SI, insula, midcingulate (MCC), dorsolateral and ventrolateral PFC in controls; and higher activity in occipital cortex in FD. Differences in left lateral PFC were specific to sham. (iii) Anxiety correlated negatively with pACC and MCC and positively with dorsal pons activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FD patients failed to activate pACC, to deactivate dorsal pons during distension, and to deactivate amygdala during sham; this may represent arousal-anxiety-driven failure of pain modulation. During baseline and sham, differences between patients and controls were found in sensory as well as affective-cognitive areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Division, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. lukas.vanoudenhove@med.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Oudenhove
authors.forename: Joris
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vandenberghe
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: Brecht
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geeraerts
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.forename: Stijn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dirix
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bormans
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vanderghinste
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Laere
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Demyttenaere
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fischler
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tack
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D012146:Rest; D012677:Sensation; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006859:Hydrogen