A highly efficient palladium/copper cocatalytic system for direct arylation of heteroarenes: an unexpected effect of Cu(Xantphos)I.
Heteroarenes are important structural moieties in many chemical industry fields. A highly efficient Pd/Cu-catalyzed C-H arylation method for a range of heterocycles has been discovered. It was found that the key to the success of this transformation is a combination of a palladium catalyst and a well-defined copper cocatalyst. The efficiency and low loadings of catalyst (0.25 mol %) and cocatalyst (1 mol %) together with the mild reaction conditions demonstrate this method to be practically useful and mechanistically interesting.
Huang
Jinkun
J
Chemical Process Research and Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA. jhuang@amgen.com
Chan
Johann
J
Chen
Ying
Y
Borths
Christopher J
CJ
Baucom
Kyle D
KD
Larsen
Robert D
RD
Faul
Margaret M
MM
D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000737:chemistry*; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010720:Phosphines / Q000737:chemistry*; D014966:Xanthenes / Q000737:chemistry*
D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010720:Phosphines; D014966:Xanthenes; D010165:Palladium; D002244:Carbon; D003300:Copper; D006859:Hydrogen; C519861:xantphos