title: [The relationship between the popular beverages in Korea and reported postprandial heartburn].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of heartburn produced by beverages available in Korea and to clarify the mechanism causing heartburn.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured pH, titratable acidity, and osmolality of 35 beverages in vitro and correlated them with the severity of heartburn reported by questionnaire in 382 patients from November 2004 to June 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coffee (1.15) and soju (1.12) showed the highest heartburn score, while oolong tea (0.17) and carrot juice (0.18) showed the lowest heartburn score among all beverages. Titratable acidity of citrus juices correlated with heartburn (r=0.78; p=0.023). Soft drinks had the lowest pH, which was unrelated with heartburn scores (r=-0.54; p=0.460). Increasing pH among alcoholic beverages was correlated with heartburn scores (r=0.84; p=0.037), and osmolality was inversely associated with heartburn scores (r=-0.86; p=0.028). The heartburn score of decaffeinated coffee was significantly lower than that of regular coffee (p<0.001). Regular milk caused more heartburn than low-fat milk (p=0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide dietary information that helps to select appropriate beverages to the patients with heartburn.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Kwan
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong Seop
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Soo Hyung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Jung Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: You Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages; D002417:Cattle; D003069:Coffee; D005260:Female; D006356:Heartburn / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D019518:Postprandial Period; D056910:Republic of Korea; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea