title: Fingerprinting of propolis by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry.
abstract: Chemical profiles of a representative set of 49 propolis ethanolic extracts collected worldwide (North and South America, Europe, Asia and Oceania) were obtained via easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS). This simple and easily implemented fingerprinting technique analyses directly (without any pre-separation or sample manipulation) a tiny droplet of the ethanolic extract placed on a inert surface under ambient conditions. Data acquisition took about a minute per sample with no substantial sample carry-over. Extraction of propolis with ethanol by using an ultrasonic bath method gave EASI-MS data similar to the traditional maceration method, reducing total analysis time for the crude propolis resin from a week to just ca 1h. Principal component analysis of the EASI-MS data is shown to group samples according to the plant sources of their resins, which characterizes their geographical origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. franksawaya@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Alexandra C H F
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sawaya
authors.forename: Patrícia Verardi
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Abdelnur
authors.forename: Marcos N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Eberlin
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumazawa
authors.forename: Mok-Ryeon
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Keuk-Seung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Narayanappa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagaraja
authors.forename: Vassya S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Bankova
authors.forename: Houshang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Afrouzan
mesh_terms: D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011429:Propolis / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D011429:Propolis