Effectiveness of the timing principle with high-dose rocuronium during rapid sequence induction with lidocaine, remifentanil and propofol.
OBJECTIVE
The main purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the timing principle with 1 mg kg(-1) rocuronium for rapid sequence intubation. As secondary outcomes, propofol and lidocaine with or without remifentanil were examined to note their effects on the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and intubation.


METHODS
Thirty patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups of 15 patients each: a lidocaine-treated group (L) and a lidocaine/remifentanil-treated group (LR). Thirty seconds after lidocaine 1 mg kg(-1) with or without infusion of remifentanil 1 microg kg(-1) min(-1), all patients received a bolus of rocuronium 1 mg kg(-1). Shortly afterwards, patients were given propofol 2-2.5 mg kg(-1). Intubating conditions and cardiovascular responses were observed 60 s after rocuronium. The time to spontaneous recovery of visible train-of-four (TOF) counts of 4 was observed at the thumb during 1.0-1.5% end-tidal sevoflurane and remifentanil anesthesia.


RESULTS
All patients had excellent or good intubating conditions. Hypertension and tachycardia during laryngoscopy were well prevented in group LR, whereas they were significantly observed in group L. The times to reappearance of TOF counts of 4 were comparable in all groups [mean (SD); 63.6 (8.6) min in group L and 63.5 (11.6) min in group LR].


CONCLUSIONS
Application of the timing principle with 1 mg kg(-1) rocuronium is beneficial for rapid tracheal intubation. Co-administered lidocaine, remifentanil and propofol can definitely suppress cardiovascular responses during laryngoscopy and intubation.
Suzuki
Takahiro
T
Department of Anesthesiology, Surugadai Nihon University Hospital, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8309, Japan. suzukit@cd5.so-net.ne.jp
Aono
Mayu
M
Fukano
Naoko
N
Kobayashi
Makiko
M
Saeki
Shigeru
S
Ogawa
Setsuro
S
D000328:Adult; D000732:Androstanols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D008012:Lidocaine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010880:Piperidines; D015742:Propofol; D000077208:Remifentanil; D000077123:Rocuronium; D013997:Time Factors
D000732:Androstanols; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D008012:Lidocaine; D000077208:Remifentanil; D000077123:Rocuronium; D015742:Propofol