title: Leaks and endoscopic assessment of break of integrity after NOTES gastrotomy: the LEAKING study, a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric leak testing after natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) gastrotomy closure may help reduce the risk of leaks after transgastric procedures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a novel endoscopy-based system to determine the presence of a leak after NOTES gastrotomy and to compare this system prospectively with radiographic leak testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic Medical Center laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty swine.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the pretrial phase, an endoscopic system for the measurement of intragastric pressure was developed. In the trial phase, swine with a NOTES gastrotomy were randomized to endoscopic versus radiographic leak testing. If a leak was demonstrated, the gastrotomy was reclosed by using a second-generation prototype T-anchor system. The primary outcome was leak detection after gastrotomy closure. The secondary outcome variables included necropsy findings, peritoneal fluid analysis, histologic examination, and clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen swine were included in the pretrial phase and 36 in the randomized trial. Swine were survived for a mean of 9 days postoperatively. Endoscopic pressure monitoring demonstrated a reproducible change in intragastric pressure with insufflation; r = 0.735, P = .001 and r = 0.769, P < or = .000 for the total and maximum pressures, respectively. Post-peritoneoscopy, there was a detectable and significant decrease in the mean total and mean maximum pressures versus baseline (P = .006 and P = .009). There was no significant difference between the radiologic and endoscopic arms in leak detection rate (4/18 vs 3/18, respectively, P = .500). Clinical outcomes and mean weight gain were equivalent. There was 1 operative abdominal wall injury and no deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Animal study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic pressure monitoring was reproducible, demonstrated the presence of gastric leak, and was as reliable as contrast-based radiographic leak testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Field F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Willingham
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Denise W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.forename: Sevdenur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cizginer
authors.forename: Dae K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sylla
authors.forename: Avinash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kambadakone
authors.forename: Dushyant
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sahani
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mino-Kenudson
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Rattner
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Brugge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005773:Gastroscopy; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D011312:Pressure; D011859:Radiography; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media