title: Effect of semen in urine specimens on urine protein concentration determined by means of dipstick analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of semen in urine specimens on urine protein concentration measured by means of dipstick analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 urine samples from 3 adult castrated male dogs and 14 semen samples from 7 adult sexually intact male dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial dilutions of the whole ejaculate or spermatozoa-free seminal fluid in urine were created, and unaltered and diluted urine samples were analyzed by means of a commercially available dipstick; pH and specific gravity of the samples were also measured. Spermatozoa and WBC counts of the semen samples and protein concentration of the seminal fluid were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protein concentrations determined by means of dipstick analysis of urine samples to which whole ejaculate (dilutions of 1:1, 1:2, 1:16, 1:64, and 1:256) or seminal fluid (dilutions of 1:1, 1:2, 1:16, and 1:64) had been added were significantly higher than concentrations in unaltered urine samples. All 13 samples to which whole ejaculate was added at a dilution of 1:2 and 10 of 12 samples to which seminal fluid was added at a dilution of 1:2 were positive for blood on dipstick analysis. There was no significant linear correlation between spermatozoa or WBC count of the semen sample and protein concentration of the spermatozoa-free seminal fluid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that regardless of whether spermatozoa were present, semen contamination could result in false-positive results for protein and blood during dipstick analysis of urine samples from sexually intact male dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. laurieprober@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Laurie G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Prober
authors.forename: Cheri A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: N Bari
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Olivier
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004542:Ejaculation; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000662:veterinary; D012016:Reference Values; D012661:Semen / Q000502:physiology*; D013076:Sperm Count