title: Lung tissue perfusion in congenital diaphragmatic hernia and association with the lung-to-head ratio and intrapulmonary artery pulsed Doppler.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate lung tissue perfusion in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and to explore the association of lung tissue perfusion with the lung area to head circumference ratio (LHR) and intrapulmonary artery pulsed Doppler.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetuses with isolated left CDH were evaluated and compared with a group of fetuses without CDH, which were sampled from our general population and matched by gestational age at inclusion. Lung tissue perfusion measured using fractional moving blood volume (FMBV), the observed to expected (O/E) LHR and pulsed Doppler of the proximal intrapulmonary artery were evaluated in the lung contralateral to the side of the hernia. Doppler waveform analysis included the pulsatility index (PI), the peak early diastolic reversed flow (PEDRF) and the peak systolic velocity (PSV). All Doppler parameters were converted into Z-scores for gestational age. The associations between FMBV and O/E-LHR and between FMBV and intrapulmonary arterial Doppler parameters were analyzed using multiple linear regression, adjusted by gestational age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 190 fetuses (95 with CDH and 95 controls) were evaluated. Fetuses with CDH showed significantly lower lung FMBV (26.8 (SD 8.4) vs. 37.9 (SD 8.1)%; P < 0.001) than controls. Lung tissue perfusion correlated positively with O/E-LHR (r = 0.37; P < 0.001) and negatively with intrapulmonary artery PI (r = - 0.31; P < 0.001), PEDRF (r = - 0.43; P < 0.001) and PSV (r = - 0.18; P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetuses with CDH have decreased lung tissue perfusion, which is associated with decreased lung growth and increased intrapulmonary artery impedance.
authors.affiliation: Fetal and Perinatal Medicine Research Group, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Moreno-Alvarez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cruz-Martinez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Andrade
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Done
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deprest
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gratacos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006257:Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal