Seasonal variations of sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to a northeastern urban city, China.
Understanding the seasonal variations of sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air in urban region is important to the effective control of air pollution in the region. Based on a year round dataset (from August 2008 to July 2009), the sources of atmospheric PAHs in Harbin, a typical Chinese northeastern urban city, were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF). The average total (gas plus particulate) PAH concentration varied from 6.3 ng m(-3) to 340 ng m(-3) with a mean of 100+/-94 ng m(-3), with higher concentrations in heating season than those in non-heating season. PCA and PMF identified similar source factors to atmospheric PAHs with obvious seasonal variation. The results obtained by PMF method indicated that the main sources were coal-fired boiler (39%), diesel engine (34%) and coal average (22%) in heating season and traffic emissions (59%), ground evaporation (18%) and coal average (17%) in non-heating season. Excellent correlation coefficients between predicted and measured concentrations of PAHs indicated that PMF was a useful model for source apportionment of PAHs in atmosphere.
Ma
Wan-Li
WL
International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
Li
Yi-Fan
YF
Qi
Hong
H
Sun
De-Zhi
DZ
Liu
Li-Yan
LY
Wang
De-Gao
DG
D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D003031:Coal; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011210:Power Plants; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012621:Seasons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
D003031:Coal; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions