title: Development of an algorithm for improving quality and information processing capacity of MathSpeak synthetic speech renderings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MathSpeak is a set of rules for non speaking of mathematical expressions. These rules have been incorporated into a computerised module that translates printed mathematics into the non-ambiguous MathSpeak form for synthetic speech rendering. Differences between individual utterances produced with the translator module are difficult to discern because of insufficient pausing between utterances; hence, the purpose of this study was to develop an algorithm for improving the synthetic speech rendering of MathSpeak.
  
  
  METHODS
  To improve synthetic speech renderings, an algorithm for inserting pauses was developed based upon recordings of middle and high school math teachers speaking mathematic expressions. Efficacy testing of this algorithm was conducted with college students without disabilities and high school/college students with visual impairments. Parameters measured included reception accuracy, short-term memory retention, MathSpeak processing capacity and various rankings concerning the quality of synthetic speech renderings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All parameters measured showed statistically significant improvements when the algorithm was used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The algorithm improves the quality and information processing capacity of synthetic speech renderings of MathSpeak. This increases the capacity of individuals with print disabilities to perform mathematical activities and to successfully fulfill science, technology, engineering and mathematics academic and career objectives.
authors.affiliation: Special Education, EDST, Purdue University.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Isaacson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Lloyd
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D006801:Humans; D017145:Models, Educational; D011340:Problem Solving; D013060:Speech; D013067:Speech Perception; D014786:Vision Disorders