title: Hepatocellular carcinoma masquerading as a large renal mass with hepatic invasion.
abstract: Large masses are evaluated with imaging to assess primary origin and tumor spread. We present the unusual case of a 53-year-old male with a 17-cm right upper quadrant mass suspected to be renal or adrenal in origin based on radiographic findings. After surgical excision, the mass was subsequently discovered to be primary hepatocellular carcinoma with direct extension to the kidney and adrenal gland. A diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B was made postoperatively. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma with direct renal extension is an exceedingly rare occurrence based on our experience and review of the published literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA. joseph-zabell@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Joseph R N
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zabell
authors.forename: Kenneth G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Nepple
authors.forename: Neal W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Laila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dahmoush
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed