title: ATM polymorphisms are associated with risk of radiation-induced pneumonitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein plays crucial roles in repair of double-stranded DNA breaks, control of cell cycle checkpoints, and radiosensitivity, we hypothesized that variations in this gene might be associated with radiation-induced pneumonitis (RP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 253 lung cancer patients receiving thoracic irradiation between 2004 and 2006 were included in this study. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 was used to grade RP. Five haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ATM gene were genotyped using DNA from blood lymphocytes. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of RP for genotypes were computed by the Cox model, adjusted for clinical factors. The function of the ATM SNP associated with RP was examined by biochemical assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the median 22-month follow-up, 44 (17.4%) patients developed grade > or = 2 RP. In multivariate Cox regression models adjusted for other clinical predictors, we found two ATM variants were independently associated with increased RP risk. They were an 111G > A) polymorphism (HR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.07-5.80) and an ATM 126713G > A polymorphism (HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.16-5.28). Furthermore, genotype-dependent differences in ATM expression were demonstrated both in cell lines (p < 0.001) and in individual lung tissue samples (p = 0.003), which supported the results of the association study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic polymorphisms of ATM are significantly associated with RP risk. These variants might exert their effect through regulation of ATM expression and serve as independent biomarkers for prediction of RP in patients treated with thoracic radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Mingjing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Lujun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Dianke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Dongxin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Luhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics / Q000532:radiotherapy; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D017564:Radiation Pneumonitis / Q000235:genetics*; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000532:radiotherapy; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases