title: Toxicity of fungicides with different modes of action to Cladobotryum dendroides and Agaricus bisporus.
abstract: Isolates of Cladobotryum dendroides from Serbian mushroom farms and Agaricus bisporus F56 were tested for sensitivity to selected fungicides in vitro. Chlorothalonil was the most toxic fungicide to C. dendroides isolates (EC(50) values were below 1.68 mg L(-1)). Trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl were not effective in growth inhibition of C. dendroides isolates (EC(50) values exceeded 300 mg L(-1)). Metalaxyl-M+mancozeb was the most toxic fungicide to strain F56 of A. bisporus, and iprodione the least toxic. The fungicide selectivity indexes for both C. dendroides and A. bisporus indicated that iprodione, chlorothalonil, captan and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb had satisfactory selective fungitoxicity. Iprodione had the best selectivity to both the pathogen and the host, although inferior than prochloraz manganese and carbendazim, fungicides officially recommended for mushroom cultivation in European Union (EU) countries.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia. ivanapotocnik@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Potocnik
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vukojević
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stajić
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rekanović
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milijasević
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stepanović
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Todorović
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000633:toxicity; D000364:Agaricus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D002215:Captan / Q000633:toxicity; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D006827:Hydantoins / Q000633:toxicity; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D007097:Imines / Q000633:toxicity; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008344:Maneb / Q000633:toxicity; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000633:toxicity; D009570:Nitriles / Q000633:toxicity; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000633:toxicity; D055771:Serbia; D000073739:Strobilurins; D015038:Zineb / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006827:Hydantoins; D007097:Imines; D008689:Methacrylates; D009570:Nitriles; D010648:Phenylacetates; D000073739:Strobilurins; C469328:kresoxim-methyl; D008344:Maneb; C028175:metalaxyl; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; D002215:Captan; C467051:trifloxystrobin; C005806:tetrachloroisophthalonitrile; D000409:Alanine; C013099:mancozeb; C033148:iprodione; D015038:Zineb