title: Beneficial effect of rituximab in the treatment of recurrent idiopathic membranous nephropathy after kidney transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recurrence of the original kidney disease after renal transplantation is an increasingly recognized cause of allograft loss. Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) is a common cause of proteinuria that may progress to ESRD. It is known that iMN may recur after kidney transplantation, causing proteinuria, allograft dysfunction, and allograft loss. Limited data regarding the frequency and treatment of recurrent iMN are available.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this single-center study, all patients who had iMN and were receiving a first kidney transplant were included. We retrospectively assessed the incidence of biopsy-confirmed recurrent iMN and compared clinical characteristics of patients with and without recurrence. In addition, the effect of treatment with rituximab on proteinuria and renal allograft function in patients with recurrent iMN was examined
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of recurrent iMN was 44%, and recurrences occurred at a median time of 13.6 months after transplantation. Two patterns of recurrence were identified: Early and late. No predictors of recurrence or disease progression could be identified. Treatment with rituximab was effective in four of four patients in stabilizing or reducing proteinuria and stabilizing renal function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrence of iMN is common even in the era of modern immunosuppression. Rituximab seems to be a valuable treatment option for these patients, although lager studies are needed to confirm our data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sprangers
authors.forename: George Ian
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Lefkowitz
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Michael Barry
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stokes
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valeri
authors.forename: Gerald B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kunis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D015433:Glomerulonephritis, Membranous / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D000069283:Rituximab; D013997:Time Factors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069283:Rituximab