title: Identification and characterization of microorganisms from earthworm viscera for the conversion of fish wastes into liquid fertilizer.
abstract: Five bacteria isolated from earthworm viscera and identified as Brevibacillus agri, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, and Brevibacillus parabrevis by 16S rRNA sequencing were employed in the conversion of fish wastes generated from a restaurant specializing in sliced raw fish into fertilizer. Within 120h after inoculation of autoclaved fish waste with 5.15 x 10(5) CFU ml(-1) mixed isolates, the amount of dry sludge decreased from 29.4 to 0.2g, the pH changed from 7.05 to 5.70, and the cell number reached 6.45 x 10(5) CFU ml(-1). Analyses of an 84-h culture of inoculated fish waste indicated low phytotoxicity in a seed germination test, an amino acid content of 5.71 g 100 g(-1), a low concentration of heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, Hg, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn), and a N/P/K level of 2.33%. Therefore the converted fish waste has the potential for use as liquid fertilizer, although the low NPK level is a concern. This is the first demonstration of the reutilization of fish wastes as a liquid fertilizer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea. junekim@pknu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Joong Kyun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Van Thingoc
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.forename: In Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Hyung Ho
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001407:Bacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005308:Fertilizers; D005399:Fishes; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000382:microbiology*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000378:metabolism; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D008055:Lipids; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage