title: Standardized simulated palpation training--development of a palpation trainer and assessment of palpatory skills in experienced and inexperienced clinicians.
abstract: Specific palpation skills are required to identify and treat myofascial pain. The aim of this study was to develop a device that reflects absolute pressure values during simulated palpation, and to test the hypothesis that training through standardized manual palpation results in improved skills for experienced and inexperienced examiners. Experienced (n = 30) and inexperienced (n = 30) examiners were randomly divided into either training or control. A device (Palpation Trainer) was constructed to measure pressure intensity (P(peak)) and rate of pressure development (RPD). Training consisted of 8-10 min standardized simulated palpation, during which examiners followed a standardized pressure-time curve (visualized in real-time on a pc-monitor). Controls received no training. Tests were performed at baseline, immediately post training and again after 48 h and analyzed for P(peak) and RPD. After simulated palpation training, experienced examiners improved palpatory skills related to P(peak) and RPD (i.e. performed closer to predetermined guidelines and with reduced inter-examiner variation), while inexperienced examiners only improved RPD (p < 0.05). Thus, standardized training resulted in acute and temporary (48 h) changes in selected analysis variables during simulated palpation in experienced and to some extent also in inexperienced clinicians. Whether this can be transferred to clinical in vivo setting requires further study.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark. ahlarsen@health.sdu.dk <ahlarsen@health.sdu.dk>
authors.forename: Holsgaard-Larsen
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Anders
authors.forename: Myburgh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corrie
authors.forename: Hartvigsen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: Rasmussen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cuno
authors.forename: Hartvig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marianne
authors.forename: Marstrand
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kristian
authors.forename: Aagaard
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Per
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002684:Chiropractic / Q000193:education*; D003718:Denmark; D018961:Educational Technology / Q000379:methods*; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D026201:Musculoskeletal Manipulations / Q000193:education*; D010173:Palpation; D011312:Pressure; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016037:Single-Blind Method