Toxicity of fungicides with different modes of action to Cladobotryum dendroides and Agaricus bisporus.
Isolates of Cladobotryum dendroides from Serbian mushroom farms and Agaricus bisporus F56 were tested for sensitivity to selected fungicides in vitro. Chlorothalonil was the most toxic fungicide to C. dendroides isolates (EC(50) values were below 1.68 mg L(-1)). Trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl were not effective in growth inhibition of C. dendroides isolates (EC(50) values exceeded 300 mg L(-1)). Metalaxyl-M+mancozeb was the most toxic fungicide to strain F56 of A. bisporus, and iprodione the least toxic. The fungicide selectivity indexes for both C. dendroides and A. bisporus indicated that iprodione, chlorothalonil, captan and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb had satisfactory selective fungitoxicity. Iprodione had the best selectivity to both the pathogen and the host, although inferior than prochloraz manganese and carbendazim, fungicides officially recommended for mushroom cultivation in European Union (EU) countries.
Potocnik
Ivana
I
Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia. ivanapotocnik@yahoo.com
Vukojević
Jelena
J
Stajić
Mirjana
M
Rekanović
Emil
E
Milijasević
Svetlana
S
Stepanović
Milos
M
Todorović
Biljana
B
D000085:Acetates / Q000633:toxicity; D000364:Agaricus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D002215:Captan / Q000633:toxicity; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D006827:Hydantoins / Q000633:toxicity; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D007097:Imines / Q000633:toxicity; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008344:Maneb / Q000633:toxicity; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000633:toxicity; D009570:Nitriles / Q000633:toxicity; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000633:toxicity; D055771:Serbia; D000073739:Strobilurins; D015038:Zineb / Q000633:toxicity
D000085:Acetates; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006827:Hydantoins; D007097:Imines; D008689:Methacrylates; D009570:Nitriles; D010648:Phenylacetates; D000073739:Strobilurins; C469328:kresoxim-methyl; D008344:Maneb; C028175:metalaxyl; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; D002215:Captan; C467051:trifloxystrobin; C005806:tetrachloroisophthalonitrile; D000409:Alanine; C013099:mancozeb; C033148:iprodione; D015038:Zineb