title: Does cueing training improve physical activity in patients with Parkinson's disease?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are encouraged to stay active to maintain their mobility. Ambulatory activity monitoring (AM) provides an objective way to determine type and amount of gait-related daily activities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of a home cueing training program on functional walking activity in PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a single-blind, randomized crossover trial, PD patients allocated to early intervention received cueing training for 3 weeks, whereas the late intervention group received training in the following 3 weeks. Training was applied at home, using a prototype cueing device. AM was applied at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 weeks in the patient's home, to record body movements. Postures and motions were classified as percentage of total time spent on (a) static activity, further specified as % sitting and % standing, and (b) % dynamic activity, further specified as % walking, % walking periods exceeding 5 seconds (W>5s) and 10 seconds (W>10s). Random coefficient analysis was applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 153 patients participated in this trial. Significant improvements were found for dynamic activity (beta= 4.46; P < .01), static activity (beta=-3.34; P < .01), walking (beta= 4.23; P < .01), W>5s (beta = 2.63; P < .05), and W>10s (beta = 2.90; P < .01). All intervention effects declined significantly at 6 weeks follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cueing training in PD patients' own home significantly improves the amount of walking as recorded by AM. Treatment effects reduced after the intervention period, pointing to the need for permanent cueing devices and follow-up cueing training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Wegen
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rochester
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nieuwboer
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hetherington
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kwakkel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010507:Periodicity; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult