title: Healthy human T-Cell Responses to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aspergillus fumigatus is associated with both invasive and allergic pulmonary diseases, in different hosts. The organism is inhaled as a spore, which, if not cleared from the airway, germinates into hyphal morphotypes that are responsible for tissue invasion and resultant inflammation. Hyphae secrete multiple products that function as antigens, evoking both a protective (T(H)1-T(H)17) and destructive allergic (T(H)2) immunity. How Aspergillus allergens (Asp f proteins) participate in the development of allergic sensitization is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To determine whether Asp f proteins are strictly associated with T(H)2 responses, or represent soluble hyphal products recognized by healthy hosts, human T cell responses to crude and recombinant products were characterized by ELISPOT. While responses (number of spots producing IFN-gamma, IL-4 or IL-17) to crude hyphal antigen preparations were weak, responses to recombinant Asp f proteins were higher. Recombinant allergens stimulated cells to produce IFN-gamma more so than IL-4 or IL-17. Volunteers exhibited a diverse CD4+ and CD8+ T cell antigen recognition profile, with prominent CD4 T(H)1-responses to Asp f3 (a putative peroxismal membrane protein), Asp f9/16 (cell wall glucanase), Asp f11 (cyclophilin type peptidyl-prolyl isomerase) and Asp f22 (enolase). Strong IFN-gamma responses were reproduced in most subjects tested over 6 month intervals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Products secreted after conidial germination into hyphae are differentially recognized by protective T cells in healthy, non-atopic individuals. Defining the specificity of the human T cell repertoire, and identifying factors that govern early responses may allow for development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics for both invasive and allergic Aspergillus diseases.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Neelkamal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: Janet F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Staab
authors.forename: Kieren A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Marr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D025301:Hyphae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D020381:Interleukin-17; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma