title: Dietary patterns and blood pressure among middle-aged and elderly Chinese men in Shanghai.
abstract: The prevalence of hypertension has increased over the past decade in many developed and developing countries, including China. This increase may be associated with changes in lifestyle, including dietary patterns. We evaluated the association of dietary patterns with blood pressure (BP) by using data from a large, population-based cohort study of middle-aged and elderly Chinese men, the Shanghai Men's Health Study. The present cross-sectional analysis includes 39 252 men who reported no prior history of hypertension, diabetes, CHD, or stroke nor use of antihypertensive drugs at study enrolment. Three dietary patterns, 'vegetable', 'fruit and milk' and 'meat', were derived using factor analysis. The fruit and milk diet was inversely associated with both systolic and diastolic BP (Ptrend < 0.001). The adjusted mean systolic BP was 2.9 mmHg lower (95 % CI - 3.4, - 2.4), and diastolic BP was 1.7 mmHg lower (95 % CI - 2.0, - 1.4) for men in the highest quintile of the 'fruit and milk' pattern compared with men in the lowest quintile. This inverse association was more evident among heavy drinkers; the highest quintile of the 'fruit and milk' pattern was associated with a 4.1 mmHg reduction in systolic BP v. a 2.0 mmHg reduction among non-drinkers (Pinteraction = 0.003) compared to the lowest quintile. The corresponding reductions in diastolic BP were 2.0 v. 1.3 mmHg (Pinteraction = 0.011). The 'fruit and milk' pattern was associated with a lower prevalence of both pre-hypertension and hypertension, and the associations appeared to be stronger among drinkers. Results of the present study suggest an important role for diet in the prevention of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, IMPH, Nashville TN 37203-1738, USA.
authors.forename: Sang-Ah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wang-Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Honglan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu-Tang
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yong-Bing
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Xiao Ou
authors.initials: XO
authors.lastname: Shu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005638:Fruit; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014675:Vegetables