title: Taurine - a possible fingerprint biomarker in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: A pilot study by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
abstract: Urinary bladder cancer is a major epidemiological problem that continues to grow each year. It opens avenues for investigative research for the identification of new disease markers and diagnostic techniques. In this pilot study, utility of non-invasive (1)H NMR spectroscopy has been evaluated for probing the metabolic perturbations occurring in non-muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer. (1)H NMR spectra of urine of bladder cancer patients and controls (healthy and urinary tract infection/bladder stone) (n = 103) were acquired at 400MHz. The non-overlapping resonances of citrate, dimethylamine, phenylalanine, taurine and hippurate were first identified and then quantitated by (1)H NMR spectra, with respect to an external reference sodium-3-trimethylsilylpropionate (TSP). The concentrations of these metabolites were then statistically analyzed. The cancer patients showed significant (p < 0.05) variations in concentration of hippurate and citrate as compared with healthy controls and benign controls. The significant elevation in concentration of taurine was observed in urine of bladder cancer patients, which was below the sensitivity limit of 400MHz in control cases. However, stages Ta, T1 and carcinoma in situ (CIS) cannot be differentiated on the basis of altered metabolite indices but their composition may reflect the biochemical alterations in metabolism of cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shatakshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Sudhir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Diwakar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dalela
authors.forename: Satya N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sankhwar
authors.forename: Apul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Abhinav A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sonkar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011522:Protons; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013654:Taurine / Q000652:urine*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011522:Protons; D013654:Taurine