title: Promising treatments of tomorrow for multiple sclerosis.
abstract: The therapeutic options for multiple sclerosis are rapidly expanding. What was once seen as a disease with little hope for treatment is now a target of rapid drug development. Current therapies have demonstrated efficacy in limiting the impact of the disease, but none is fully effective in all patients. However, promising new treatments are on the horizon. In this review we will discuss potential novel immunomodulating drugs that are in advanced stages of investigation; these drugs include monoclonal antibodies, chimeric molecules, and oral therapies. The use of hematopoietic stem cells will also be discussed and, in addition, we will look farther ahead at possible novel targets for the development of new immunomodulatory or neuroprotective pharmaceuticals.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Multiple Sclerosis Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Calabresi