title: Recurrent hemorrhagic pericardial effusion in a child due to diffuse lymphangiohemangiomatosis: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent hemorrhagic pericardial effusion in children with no identifiable cause is a rare presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the case of a 4-year-old Indian girl who presented with recurrent hemorrhagic pericardial effusion. Diffuse lymphangiomatosis was suspected when associated pulmonary involvement, soft tissue mediastinal mass, and lytic bone lesions were found. Pericardiectomy and lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse lymphangiohemangiomatosis. Partial clinical improvement occurred with thalidomide and low-dose radiotherapy, but our patient died from progressive respiratory failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diffuse lymphangiohemangiomatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic pericardial effusion of unclear cause.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India. kothariss@vsnl.com.
authors.forename: Shyam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kothari
authors.forename: Sanjiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Kinjal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.forename: Ruma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bakhshi
authors.forename: Ujjwal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Chowdhury