title: Premature ventricular complexes and the risk of incident stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) on a 2-minute electrocardiogram are a common, largely asymptomatic finding associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and death. They may reflect atherosclerosis or other pathogenic pathways that predispose to arrhythmias and stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective evaluation of the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study cohort (n=14,783) of middle-aged men and women to assess whether the presence of PVCs at study baseline (1987 to 1989) influenced the risk of incident stroke through December 31, 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PVCs were seen in 6.1% of the participants at baseline, and 729 (4.9%) had incident stroke. The unadjusted cumulative proportion of incident stroke in individuals with any PVC was 6.6% compared with 4.1% in those without PVC. The unadjusted hazard ratio of incident stroke in individuals with any PVC compared with those without any PVCs was 1.71 (95% CI, 1.33 to 2.20). Among individuals without hypertension and diabetes at baseline, PVCs were independently associated with incident stroke (hazard ratio: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.14 to 2.59). Among those with either diabetes or hypertension, the presence of any PVCs did not increase the risk of stroke. The association was stronger for noncarotid embolic stroke than for thrombotic stroke and its magnitude increased with higher frequency of PVCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequent PVCs are associated with risk of incident stroke in participants free of hypertension and diabetes. This suggests that PVCs may contribute to atrioventricular remodeling or may be a risk marker for incident stroke, particularly embolic stroke.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7075, USA.
authors.forename: Sunil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.forename: Pentti M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rautaharju
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shahar
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Massing
authors.forename: Ross J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018879:Ventricular Premature Complexes / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology