title: Cardioprotection via modulation of calcium homeostasis by thiopental in hypoxia-reoxygenated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ca(2+) homeostasis plays an important role in myocardial cell injury induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation, and prevention of intracellular Ca(2+) overload is key to cardioprotection. Even though thiopental is a frequently used anesthetic agent, little is known about its cardioprotective effects, particularly in association with Ca(2+) homeostasis. We investigated whether thiopental protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by regulating Ca(2+) homeostasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated. Cardiomyocytes were exposed to different concentrations of thiopental and immediately replaced in the hypoxic chamber to maintain hypoxia. After 1 hour of exposure, a culture dish was transferred to the CO(2) incubator and cells were incubated at 37 for 5 hours. At the end of the experiments, the authors assessed cell protection using immunoblot analysis and caspase activity. The mRNA of genes involved in Ca(2+) homeostasis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cellular Ca(2+) levels were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In thiopental-treated cardiomyocytes, there was a decrease in expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax, caspase-3 activation, and intracellular Ca(2+) content. In addition, both enhancement of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and activation of Erk concerned with survival were shown. Furthermore, thiopental attenuated alterations of genes involving Ca(2+) regulation and significantly modulated abnormal changes of NCX and SERCA2a genes in hypoxia-reoxygenated neonatal cardiomyocytes. Thiopental suppressed disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thiopental is likely to modulate expression of genes that regulate Ca(2+) homeostasis, which reduces apoptotic cell death and results in cardioprotection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ki-Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Wyun-Kon
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D015151:Immunoblotting; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013874:Thiopental / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018757:GABA Modulators; D013874:Thiopental; D002118:Calcium