title: Prognostic importance of atrial fibrillation in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess the prevalence of different types of atrial fibrillation (AF) and their prognostic importance in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of AF has taken epidemic proportions in the population with cardiovascular disease. The prognostic importance of different types of AF in ICD patients remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 913 consecutive patients (79% men, mean age 62 + or - 13 years) receiving an ICD at the Leiden University Medical Center were prospectively collected. Among other characteristics, the existence and type of AF (paroxysmal, persistent, or permanent) were assessed at implantation. During follow-up, the occurrence of appropriate or inappropriate device therapy as well as mortality was noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At implantation, 73% of patients had no history of AF, 9% had a history of paroxysmal AF, 7% had a history of persistent AF, and 11% had permanent AF. During 833 + or - 394 days of follow-up, 117 (13%) patients died, 228 (25%) patients experienced appropriate device discharge, and 139 (15%) patients received inappropriate shocks. Patients with permanent AF exhibited more than double the risk of mortality, ventricular arrhythmias triggering device discharge, and inappropriate device therapy. Patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF did not show a significant increased risk of mortality or appropriate device therapy but demonstrated almost 3 times the risk of inappropriate device therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the population currently receiving ICD treatment outside the setting of clinical trials, a large portion has either a history of AF or permanent AF. Both types of AF have prognostic implications for mortality and appropriate as well as inappropriate device discharge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: C Jan Willem
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Borleffs
authors.forename: Johannes B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: van Rees
authors.forename: Guido H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: van Welsenes
authors.forename: Enno T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: van der Velde
authors.forename: Lieselot
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Erven
authors.forename: Jeroen J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schalij
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors