title: Efficacy of the fipronil 10%+(S)-methoprene 9% combination against Rhipicephalus sanguineus in naturally infested dogs: speed of kill, persistent efficacy on immature and adult stages and effect of water.
abstract: This field trial was designed to test the efficacy, in terms of treatment and prevention, of the fipronil 10%+(S)-methoprene 9% combination against immature and adult stages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus in naturally infested dogs, and to assess the effect of a single plain water exposure. Twenty-four dogs of various age, sex, weight and coat length were divided into two homogeneous groups, treated (T) and control (C), and housed into twin outdoor kennels. Trial baseline was designed as day 0, when dogs from group T were treated with a commercial spot-on formulation of fipronil 10%+(S)-methoprene 9%, while subjects from group C were left untreated and served as control. After treatment, tick load for each included dog was estimated, for both adult and immature ticks, using the localization and count over the entire body surface at the following time-points: day 2, to evaluate the speed of kill and at days 7, 14, 21 and 28 to assess the persistence of efficacy. The effect of water exposure on the product efficacy was tested at day 14 of the study, when six dogs, homogenously selected from group T, were soaked through with plain water. The overall tick load in dogs from group C was high throughout the entire study period, ranging from 103.2 (day 28) to 161.3 (day 0), and confirmed the high tick pressure. Speed of kill calculated at 48 h post-treatment was slightly higher for adult ticks (96.2%) than for immature stages (91.6%). Compared to the control, dogs treated with the fipronil+(S)-methoprene maintained a significantly lower mean tick load for both adult and immature stages in the four weeks of observation. Persistence of efficacy against immature stages ranged from 97.1% the first week, 99.6% second week, 99.7 third week and 93.1% in the last week. In the same way, efficacy against adult ticks was constantly high, shifting from 94.5% to 92.5%. Overall efficacy (adults+immatures) was the strongest in the first two weeks (i.e., 96.1% and 96.6%) and lowered in the two remaining weeks (i.e., 94.2% and 93.4%). Results showed that water exposure did not affect the activity and persistence of the tested combination. On the basis of this field trial, the fipronil+(S)-methoprene combination represents a highly efficacious product to control all stages of R. sanguineus ticks on dogs.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario della Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy. ebrianti@unime.it
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brianti
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Pennisi
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brucato
authors.forename: Anna Lia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Risitano
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gaglio
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malara
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fogliazza
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giannetto
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004285:Dogs; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008726:Methoprene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048508:Rhipicephalus sanguineus / Q000254:growth & development*; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D008726:Methoprene; C082360:fipronil