title: Dietary calcium and magnesium intake and mortality: a prospective study of men.
abstract: The authors examined the association of dietary calcium and magnesium intake with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality among 23,366 Swedish men, aged 45-79 years, who did not use dietary supplements. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the multivariate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of mortality. From baseline 1998 through December 2007, 2,358 deaths from all causes were recorded in the Swedish population registry; through December 2006, 819 CVD and 738 cancer deaths were recorded in the Swedish cause-of-death registry. Dietary calcium was associated with a statistically significant lower rate of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63, 0.88; P(trend) < 0.001) and a nonsignificantly lower rate of CVD (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.58, 1.01; P(trend) = 0.064) but not cancer mortality (HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.17; P(trend) = 0.362) when the highest intake tertile (mean = 1,953 mg/day; standard deviation (SD), 334) was compared with the lowest (990 mg/day; SD, 187). Dietary magnesium intake (means of tertiles ranged from 387 mg/day (SD, 31) to 523 mg/day (SD, 38) was not associated with all-cause, CVD, or cancer mortality. This population-based, prospective study of men with relatively high intakes of dietary calcium and magnesium showed that intake of calcium above that recommended daily may reduce all-cause mortality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaluza
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orsini
authors.forename: Emily B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Levitan
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brzozowska
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Roszkowski
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolk
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D008274:Magnesium