title: Efficiency, costs and benefits of AOPs for removal of pharmaceuticals from the water cycle.
abstract: Different advanced oxidation processes (AOP) were developed for the treatment of highly loaded wastewater streams. Optimisation of removal and improvement of efficiency were carried out on a laboratory, semiworks and pilot plant scale. The persistent cytostatic drug cyclophosphamide was selected as a reference substance regarding elimination and evaluation of the various oxidation processes because of its low degradability rate. The investigated processes are cost-efficient and suitable regarding the treatment of wastewater streams since they lead to efficient elimination of antibiotics and antineoplastics. A total reduction of toxicity was proven by means of the umuC-test. However, in order to reduce pharmaceuticals from the water cycle, it must be considered that the input of more than 80 % of the pharmaceuticals entering wastewater treatment systems results from private households. Therefore, advanced technologies should also be installed at wastewater treatment plants.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e.V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Street, 60, D-47229, Duisburg, Germany. tuerk@iuta.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuerk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sayder
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boergers
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vitz
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kiffmeyer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kabasci
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D007455:Iodine / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010126:Ozone; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013997:Time Factors; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D010126:Ozone; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D007455:Iodine; D010100:Oxygen