title: Effects of a combined mechanical stimulation protocol: Value for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.
abstract: Skeletal muscle is an appealing topic for tissue engineering because of its variety in applications for regenerative medicine, in vitro physiological model systems, and in vitro meat production. Besides conventional biochemical cues to promote muscle tissue maturation in vitro, biophysical stimuli are necessary to reach the desired functionality and texture of the engineered tissue. Stretch, caused by active movements of the body, is an important factor present in the niche of muscle progenitor cells in vivo. We therefore investigated the effects of uniaxial ramp stretch (2%) followed by uniaxial intermittent dynamic stretch (4%) on C2C12 and murine muscle progenitor cells in a 2D and 3D environment and found that stretch negatively influenced maturation in all cases, demonstrated by decreased expression of MRFs and sarcomere proteins at the RNA level and a delay in the formation of cross striations. We therefore conclude that the current protocol is not recommended for skeletal muscle tissue engineering purposes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO box 513, WH 4.110, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kristel J M
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Boonen
authors.forename: Marloes L P
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Langelaan
authors.forename: Roderick B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: Daisy W J
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: van der Schaft
authors.forename: Frank P T
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Baaijens
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Post
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*