title: Investigation of risk factors for Salmonella on fattening-turkey farms.
abstract: A cross-sectional study into risk factors for Salmonella was undertaken using data gathered from 252 fattening turkey flocks in the UK. The data was derived from the EU baseline survey conducted during 2006 and 2007, in addition to a voluntary questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models identified significant risk factors for Salmonella spp. and Salmonella Typhimurium. A decreased risk of Salmonella spp. infection was associated with a history of intestinal illness in the sampled flock (OR 0.17), the use of wood shavings as litter (OR 0.21), use of disinfectant in the cleaning process (OR 0.25), incineration of dead birds on farm (OR 0.29), seasonal production (OR 0.31), farm staff also working with cattle (OR 0.31), and the presence of pigs on neighbouring farms (OR 0.38). The risk of isolating Salmonella spp. varied according to the company from which the poults were sourced. A reduced risk of S. Typhimurium infection was associated with the use of wax blocks to control rodents (OR 0.09), using mains water (OR 0.19) and having a Salmonella test programme (OR 0.23). An increased risk of S. Typhimurium infection was associated with storage of items around the turkey house (OR 5.20), evidence of mice (OR 4.71) and a soil surface surrounding the turkey house (OR 2.70). This study therefore identifies a number of important practical measures which can be implemented by farmers and veterinarians within the turkey industry to assist in the control of salmonellosis at the farm level.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Laboratories Agency - Thirsk, Thirsk, North Yorkshire, UK. c.featherstone@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Featherstone
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reichel
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Snow
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carrique-Mas
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012375:Rodent Control / Q000379:methods; D012377:Rodentia; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013552:Swine; D014422:Turkeys; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology