title: The accuracy of the FAMACHA-method in detecting anaemia and haemonchosis in goat flocks in Switzerland under field conditions.
abstract: In this study, goats from six farms in Central Switzerland were examined for the evaluation of the FAMACHA-method under middle European conditions. Individual faecal egg counts were determined at a 4-week interval for a period of 6 months and the gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) genera were differentiated using larval culture. Simultaneously, the goats were bled for packed cell volume (PCV) determination and scored for anaemia of the conjunctiva according to the FAMACHA-method. The three methods used for evaluating haemonchosis, namely FEC, PCV and FAMACHA-score, were compared to test the FAMACHA-method for its accuracy and efficacy in detecting haemonchosis in Switzerland. PCV and FAMACHA-score correlated significantly during the entire period of 6 months, whereas PCV and FEC correlated significantly in four study months. The FAMACHA-score and FEC correlated significantly in June only. PCV served as the gold standard for evaluating the accuracy of FAMACHA-method in detecting anaemic goats. The sensitivity of FAMACHA in detecting anaemic goats was 93%, using the anaemia criteria cut-offs FAMACHA-categories >or=3 and PCV <22%. The applicability of the method for detecting goats which needed treatment was tested with FEC >300 epg and >600 epg as cut-off values for treatment. The sensitivity of the method for detecting goats which needed a treatment was 76%, with regard to FEC of Haemonchus contortus (treatment cut-offs: FAMACHA >or=3 and FEC >300 epg). The percentage of false negatives (FEC-Hc-portion) was less than 11%. In addition, the use of FAMACHA categories >or=3, as a treatment indicator, revealed that 64% of the animals were recommended for treatment. These results indicate the suitability of FAMACHA as an additional part of an integrated anthelmintic control of goat flocks in Switzerland.
authors.affiliation: Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Leopoldstr. 5, D-80802 Munich, Germany. Miriam.Scheuerle@tropa.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scheuerle
authors.forename: Monia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahling
authors.forename: Jeannette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muntwyler
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pfister
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology*; D006041:Goats; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000254:growth & development*; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013557:Switzerland