title: Evaluation of cross-reactive cell-mediated immune responses among human, bovine and porcine adenoviruses.
abstract: The absence of preexisting immunity against porcine adenovirus (Ad) serotype 3 (PAd3) and bovine Ad serotype 3 (BAd3) in humans makes them attractive alternatives to human Ad serotype 5 (HAd5) vectors. To determine whether there is significant cross-reactivity among HAd5, BAd3 and PAd3 at the level of cell-mediated immune responses, BALB/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with wild-type (WT) or replication-defective (RD) HAd5, BAd3 or PAd3. After 35 days of the first inoculation, cross-reactive CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, as well as CD4+ Th1- and Th2-helper T cells, in the spleen were analyzed by enzyme-linked-immunospot, flow cytometry and cytotoxic T lymphocyte assays. Virus-neutralization assays were used to evaluate humoral cross-reactivity. CD8+ or CD4+ T cells primed with WT or RD HAd5, PAd3 or BAd3 showed significant (P<0.005) reactivity with homologous Ad antigens, whereas only minimal cross-reactivity was observed on stimulation with heterologous Ad antigens. Ad-neutralizing antibodies were found to be homologous Ad specific. Overall, these results suggest that there is no significant immunological cross-reactivity among HAd5, BAd3 and PAd3, thereby supporting the rationale for the use of BAd3 and PAd3 as alternative HAd vectors to circumvent anti-HAd immunity in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tandon
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ahi
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bangari
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vemulapalli
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D025662:Adenoviruses, Porcine / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D003429:Cross Reactions; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral