title: "Predicting" parental longevity from offspring endophenotypes: data from the Long Life Family Study (LLFS).
abstract: While there is evidence that longevity runs in families, the study of long-lived families is complicated by the fact that longevity-related information is available only for the oldest old, many of whom may be deceased and unavailable for testing, and information on other living family members, primarily descendents, is censored. This situation requires a creative approach for analyzing determinants of longevity in families. There are likely biomarkers that predict an individual's longevity, suggesting the possibility that those biomarkers which are heritable may constitute valuable endophenotypes for exceptional survival. These endophenotypes could be studied in families to identify human longevity genes and elucidate possible mechanisms of their influence on longevity. In this paper, we analyze data collected in the Long Life Family Study (LLFS) investigating whether indicators of physiological state, cognitive functioning and health/well-being among offspring predict longevity in parents. Good predictors can be used as endophenotypes for exceptional survival. Our analyses revealed significant associations between cumulative indices describing physiological state, as well as a number of offspring phenotypes, and parental lifespan, supporting both their familial basis and relevance to longevity. We conclude that the study of endophenotypes within families is a valid approach to the genetics of human longevity.
authors.affiliation: Duke University, Center for Population Health and Aging, Durham, NC 27708-0408, USA. aiy@duke.edu
authors.forename: Anatoli I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Yashin
authors.forename: Konstantin G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Arbeev
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kulminski
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Borecki
authors.forename: Kaare
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barmada
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hadley
authors.forename: Winifred
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Joseph H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Irma T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Elo
mesh_terms: D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005195:Family Relations; D006296:Health Services; D006801:Humans; D008136:Longevity / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D012106:Research; D013534:Survival