title: Dopamine transporter regulation during four nights of REM sleep deprivation followed by recovery--an in vivo molecular imaging study in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of total or selective REM sleep deprivation on the dopamine transporter (DAT) densities and sleep patterns of healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation of polysomnography recordings and DAT density after 4 nights of selective REM sleep deprivation followed by 3 nights of sleep recovery compared to a control group and a group that was subjected to 2 nights of total sleep deprivation. Single positron emission computed tomography and [99mTc]TRODAT-1 were used to assess the cerebral DAT density in the striatum at baseline, after REM sleep deprivation and total sleep deprivation as well as after sleep recovery. Blood was collected daily to examine prolactin and estradiol levels, which were correlated with dopaminergic activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy male volunteers ranging from 19 to 29 years of age were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups after giving written informed consent (10 non-sleep deprived, 10 total sleep deprived, and 10 REM sleep deprived).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four nights of REM sleep deprivation and 2 nights of total sleep deprivation induced distinct and heterogeneous patterns of sleep recovery. No significant modulation of DAT availability was observed within groups. In the recovery nights, changes in cortisol, prolactin and estradiol concentrations were significantly correlated with specific sleep stages in the total and REM sleep deprived groups. In addition, DAT density was positively correlated with estradiol concentration and inversely associated with SWS latency only after total sleep deprivation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates that although sleep deprivation did not promote significant alterations in DAT density within the striatum, there were significant correlations among transporter availability, hormonal concentrations and sleep parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), Brazil.
authors.forename: R C S
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Garbuio
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guindalini
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: M Q
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Hoexter
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bressan
authors.forename: M L V
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Castiglioni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D017286:Polysomnography; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014326:Tropanes; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D014326:Tropanes; C104196:technetium Tc 99m TRODAT-1; D004958:Estradiol; D011388:Prolactin