title: Clinical characteristics of central European and North American samples of pregnant women screened for opioid agonist treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little comparable information is available regarding clinical characteristics of opioid-dependent women from different countries. In the present study, women from the USA, Canada and a Central European country, Austria, screened for participation in the Maternal Opioid Treatment Human Experimental Research study, were compared with respect to their demographic and addiction histories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women (n = 1,074) were screened for study participation using uniformed clinical criteria and instruments. The screening results were compared with regard to exclusion, demographics, drug use, and psychosocial and treatment histories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the screened US and Canadian women, Austrian women were more likely to be younger (p < 0.001), white (p < 0.001), had significantly lower levels of educational attainment (p < 0.001), were less likely to use opioids daily (p < 0.001) and more likely to have been prescribed buprenorphine (p < 0.001). Compared to both rural and urban US groups, the Austrian group was less likely to have legal issues (p < 0.001) and was younger when first prescribed agonist medication (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differences between North American and European groups may offer unique insights concerning treatment and pregnancy outcomes for opioid-dependent pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Vienna, Austria. annemarie.unger@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaltenbach
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stine
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Heil
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Arria
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001317:Austria; D002170:Canada; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004522:Educational Status; D004608:Eligibility Determination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D018579:Patient Selection; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists