title: Analysis of SM4 sulfatide as a P-selectin ligand using model membranes.
abstract: Carcinoma tumor cells express highly glycosylated mucins acting as ligands for selectin adhesion receptors and thus facilitating the metastatic process. Recently, a sulfated galactocerebroside SM4 was detected as solely P-selectin ligand on MC-38 colon carcinoma cells. Here we characterize the functionality of SM4 as selectin ligand using model membrane approaches. SM4 was found concentrated in lipid rafts of MC-38 cells indicating a local clustering that may increase the avidity of P-selectin recognition. To confirm this, SM4 was incorporated at various concentrations into POPC model membranes and lateral clustering was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and found to be comparable to glycolipids carrying the sLe(x) epitope. SM4 containing liposomes were used as cell models, binding to immobilized P-selectin. Quartz crystal microbalance data confirmed SM4/P-selectin liposome binding that was inhibited dose-dependently by heparin. Comparable binding characteristics of SM4 and sLe(x) liposomes underscore the similarity of these epitopes. Thus, clustering of SM4 on tumor cells is a principle for binding P-selectin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simonis
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlesinger
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seelandt
authors.forename: Lubor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borsig
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bendas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006493:Heparin / Q000378:metabolism; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D013433:Sulfoglycosphingolipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005699:Galactosylceramides; D008081:Liposomes; D019007:P-Selectin; D013433:Sulfoglycosphingolipids; C002454:galactocerebroside; D006493:Heparin