title: Lower urinary tract dysfunction in MS: management in the community.
abstract: Lower urinary tract dysfunction in multiple sclerosis is common and is highly amenable to treatment. Individuals may have bladder storage and/or voiding dysfunction. The risk of progression to renal failure is low and hence lower urinary tract dysfunction should be considered medically manageable in most individuals. Evaluation begins with history taking and is supplemented by using a bladder diary. Ultrasonography is used to assess the degree of incomplete bladder emptying, and for assessing upper urinary tract damage. Incomplete bladder emptying is most often managed by clean intermittent self-catheterization and should be initiated if post-void residual urine is greater than 100 mls. Storage symptoms are most often managed using antimuscarinic medications. Other options include desmopressin or detrusor muscle injection of botulinum toxin type A. There are specific situations where specialist urology services should be involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Uro-Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London. j.panicker@ion.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jalesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Panicker
authors.forename: Collette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haslam
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D050034:Antidiuretic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003152:Community Health Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012648:Self Care; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000517:prevention & control; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D050034:Antidiuretic Agents; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin