title: Detection of new respiratory viruses in hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis: a three-year prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have designed a study with the objective of describing the clinical impact of other viruses different from the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3 year prospective study was conducted on infants admitted to the Paediatrics Department of the Severo Ochoa Hospital (Spain). We studied the frequency of 16 respiratory viruses. Clinical characteristics of RSV-only infections were compared with other single agent viral infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive results were confirmed in 275 (86.5%) of the 318 children studied. A single virus was detected in 196 patients and 79 were dual or multiple viral infections. RSV was detected in 61.3% of total bronchiolitis. Rhinovirus (RV) was 17.4% of the identified virus, followed by human bocavirus (HBoV), adenovirus and metapneumovirus (hMPV). Only RV, HBoV and hMPV were significant as single infections. RSV patients were younger than HBoV (p > 0.0001) and hMPV (p = 0.025). Seasonality was clearly different between them. Children with RSV infection needed treatment in the intensive care unit more frequently than others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In hospitalized infants, RSV was the most frequent agent in bronchiolitis in winter, but other viruses were present in 47% of the patients. RV, HBoV and hMPV had a significant proportion of single infections. Clinical characteristics were similar amongst them, but seasonality was clearly different.
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Madrid, Spain. ccalvorey@ono.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pozo
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: García-García
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopez-Valero
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pérez-Breña
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Casas
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001990:Bronchiolitis, Viral / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D056661:Human bocavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D029121:Metapneumovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D013030:Spain; D014780:Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification*