title: Novel alternative to antibiotics in shrimp hatchery: effects of the essential oil of Cinnamosma fragrans on survival and bacterial concentration of Penaeus monodon larvae.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The activity of two essential oils (EOs) of Cinnamosma fragrans, an endemic plant to Madagascar (B8: linalool-type and B143: 1,8-cineole-type), against bacterial isolates from a shrimp hatchery of Penaeus monodon and their effects on the survival and bacterial concentration of larvae were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using a broth dilution technique. The bacterial concentrations of both larvae and water tank were assessed on Marine agar and Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Sucrose agar. The assays took place in OSO Farming's shrimp hatchery in Madagascar. EOs were directly added to the water tank. Regarding the survival, the assays in larval culture (four replicates each of B8, B143, E and control) showed that B8 oil had a similar effect (P > 0.05) as the antibiotic (Erythromycin) and was more active than B143 (P < 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between the bacterial concentration and the survival of larvae for all assays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both C. fragrans essential oils, as antibiotic, exhibited significantly higher survival rates and lower bacterial concentrations of the larvae than the control (oil and antibiotic free).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential of C. fragrans essential oil to control the bacterial load in in vivo conditions, thereby enhancing survival rate of P. monodon larvae, makes it a relevant option for developing a novel alternative to antibiotics in shrimp hatchery culture.
authors.affiliation:  Centre National de Recherches Appliquées au Développement Rural/Département de Recherches Technologiques (FOFIFA/DRT), Antananarivo, Madagascar.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Randrianarivelo
authors.affiliation:  CIRAD, URP Forêts et Biodiversité, Antananarivo, Madagascar and Campus de Baillarguet, Montpellier Cedex, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Danthu
authors.affiliation:  Laboratoire d'Analyse Sensorielle FOFIFA, Ambatobe, Madagascar.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.affiliation:  OSO Farming, Site d'Ambavanakarana, Province d'Antsiranana, Madagascar.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruez
authors.affiliation:  Université d'Antananarivo, Département de Biochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raherimandimby
authors.affiliation:  CIRAD, UMR QUALISUD, Madagascar; and CIRAD, UMR QUALISUD, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarter
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017756:Aquaculture; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077591:Eucalyptol; D007814:Larva / Q000382:microbiology; D008270:Madagascar; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012758:Shellfish / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; C018584:linalool; D000077591:Eucalyptol