title: Development of an Internet coping skills training program for teenagers with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop an Internet coping skills training program and to evaluate its feasibility and acceptability compared with an Internet education intervention for teenagers with type 1 diabetes. A multiphase mixed-methods design with focus groups, a randomized pilot study, and a program evaluation was used. Teenagers with type 1 diabetes, parents, and health professionals were included in the development and evaluative phases along with the research and information technology team. The pilot study included 12 teenagers with type 1 diabetes (mean [SD] age, 14.4 [.90] years; 58% female; mean [SD] duration of diabetes, 5.9 [3.0] years). Psychosocial data and HbA1c levels were collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. Results indicate that the development of a psychosocial Internet intervention was complex and required multiple iterations of development and evaluation. Results of this study also indicate the feasibility and acceptability of translating a group-based intervention for teenagers with type 1 diabetes to the Internet. Thus, this study demonstrates a systematic approach to Internet intervention development. Including teenagers with type 1 diabetes and a multidisciplinary professional team into the intervention design was critical to the success of this project.
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Nursing, New Haven, CT 06536-0740, USA. robin.whittemore@yale.edu
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whittemore
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grey
authors.forename: Evie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lindemann
authors.forename: Jodie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ambrosino
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaser
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D036301:Qualitative Research; D020377:Self Efficacy
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin