title: Animal models of early life stress: Implications for understanding resilience.
abstract: In the mid-1950s, Levine and his colleagues reported that brief intermittent exposure to early life stress diminished indications of subsequent emotionality in rats. Here we review ongoing studies of a similar process in squirrel monkeys. Results from these animal models suggest that brief intermittent exposure to stress promotes the development of arousal regulation and resilience. Implications for programs designed to enhance resilience in human development are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd, MSLS P104, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. dmlyons@stanford.edu
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Alan F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Schatzberg
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012453:Saimiri; D013045:Species Specificity; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone