title: Quantitation of azoles and echinocandins in compartments of peripheral blood by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: A rapid turnaround is a prerequisite of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). For antifungals, this need is still unmet, since hardly any method has been established to simultaneously quantitate concentrations of different antifungal classes. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed allowing quantitation of anidulafungin (ANF), caspofungin (CSF), isavuconazole (ISC), micafungin (MCF), posaconazole (PSC), and voriconazole (VRC). Quantitation was successful with diluted plasma samples, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), and erythrocytes (RBC). A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in selected reaction monitoring mode was used with positive electrospray ionization. Cells and calibration standards were extracted with acetonitrile containing internal standard. Internal standards were a CSF derivate for echinocandins and itraconazole for triazoles. Chromatographic separation of the supernatant was achieved by a gradient method facilitating a BetaBasic C4 column. Analytes were quantified in a single 8-min run. Calibration curves were linear and fitted using least squares with a weighting factor of the reciprocal concentration. Limits of detection (ng/ml) were ANF, 8.3; CSF, 31.5; ISC, 1.5; MCF, 97.7; PSC, 3.3; and VRC, 1.4. The lower limits of quantitation (ng/ml) were ANF, 64; CSF, 108; ISC, 4.5; MCF, 160; PSC, 10; and VRC, 4.2. Intraday precisions ranged from 6.3% to 8.8% for azoles and 8.8% to 15.4% for echinocandins. Intraday and interday accuracies (percent bias) of all analytes were within 13.8%. The method was established as standard practice for the quantitation of intracellular antifungal concentrations and optimizes TDM by applying a rapid single method for 6 antifungals.
authors.affiliation: Klinikum der Universität zu Köln, Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Klinisches Studienzentrum 2 für Infektiologie, Köln, Germany. Fedja.Farowski@ctuc.de
authors.forename: Fedja
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farowski
authors.forename: Oliver A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Cornely
authors.forename: Jörg J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Vehreschild
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steinbach
authors.forename: Maria J G T
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rüping
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001393:Azoles / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002138:Calibration; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D054714:Echinocandins / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001393:Azoles; D054714:Echinocandins