title: Societal costs for irritable bowel syndrome--a population based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with increased use of health care services. This study aims to estimate the costs of IBS in relation to differing diagnostic criteria of IBS, duration of symptoms, gender, and age.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-phase postal survey. Questionnaire I covering gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms by Manning and Rome II criteria was mailed to 5000 randomly selected adults. Questionnaire II, mailed to those fulfilling IBS criteria of Questionnaire I, recorded data on physician visits, medications, and diagnostic procedures performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proportion of GI consulters was 48% (95% CI 41-55%) and 32% (95% CI 28-36%) for Rome II and Manning groups. Annual GI related individual costs were euro 497 (95% CI euro 382-621) and euro 295 (95% CI euro 246-347) by Rome II and Manning criteria. Societal GI costs were euro 82 million and euro 154 million by Rome II and Manning criteria. Direct non-GI costs amounted to euro 43 million and euro 126 million by Rome II and Manning criteria. Duration of GI symptoms, gender, or age had no impact on GI costs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IBS incurs substantial GI and non-GI costs corresponding to a share of up to 5% of the national direct outpatient and medicine expenditures. The more restrictive Rome II criteria identify an IBS population incurring higher GI related individual costs than Manning criteria. Costs due to GI endoscopies are not lower for those with a long history of symptoms suggesting that guideline recommendations for avoiding repeated diagnostic procedures may not be followed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. markku.hillila@hus.fi
authors.forename: Markku T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hillilä
authors.forename: Niilo J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Färkkilä
authors.forename: Martti A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Färkkilä
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017281:Cost of Illness; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009819:Office Visits / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents