title: Self-focused Cognitive Styles and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: Concurrent and Prospective Associations.
abstract: We examined concurrent and prospective associations of self-focused cognitive styles with bipolar spectrum disorders. Controlling for depressive and hypomanic/manic symptoms, 125 individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders scored higher than 149 demographically similar normal controls on the rumination scale of the Response Styles Questionnaire (RSQ) and the private self-consciousness subscale of the Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS). The two groups did not differ on the distraction scale of the RSQ or the public self-consciousness and social anxiety subscales of the SCS. In addition, among the bipolar individuals, controlling for initial depressive and hypomanic/manic symptoms, rumination predicted the number, but not the likelihood of onset, of depressive episodes, whereas private self-consciousness predicted the likelihood of onset, but not the number, of hypomanic/manic episodes over a 3.5-year follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Temple University.
authors.forename: Lauren B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Alloy
authors.forename: Lyn Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Shari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jager-Hyman
authors.forename: Wayne G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Whitehouse