Perspectives on synthetic promoters for biocatalysis and biotransformation.
Acting on the transcriptional level, synthetic promoters have been useful tools for controlling gene expression and have applications in many fields. Here, we discuss synthetic promoters and libraries in regard to current and future applications in the field of biocatalysis or biotransformation. We also focus on synthetic promoter design principles and distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic destinations. The natural toolboxes available for tuneable gene expression and the regulation of enzyme function are limited and primarily host specific. Synthetic biology offers generally applicable concepts and quick implementation. Smart alternatives to transcriptional regulation enrich the engineer's tool box for optimizing industrial enzyme production and host-cell physiology for whole-cell processes. Industrially applicable, tuneable enzyme cascades and artificial circuits for iterative up- and down-regulation will soon be achieved.
Ruth
Claudia
C
Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Glieder
Anton
A
D055162:Biocatalysis; D001711:Biotransformation; D004798:Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015723:Gene Library; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D015202:Protein Engineering
D004798:Enzymes