Long-term control of parathyroid hormone and calcium-phosphate metabolism after parathyroidectomy in children with chronic kidney disease.
BACKGROUND
Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is an essential contributor to bone disease and cardiovascular calcifications in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Pharmacological and dietary interventions are of limited efficacy; calcimimetics are not yet recommended in children. Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is ultimately performed if HPT becomes refractory to conservative measures; the long-term results and the impact of subsequent kidney transplantation (NTX), however, have not yet been evaluated.


METHODS
We analyzed the postsurgical course of 18 paediatric CKD patients with refractory HPT who underwent PTX and autotransplantation of tissue fragments. PTX was successful in all but one patient with an ectopic fifth gland; median follow-up time was 8.3 (range 2.8-19) years.


RESULTS
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) dropped within 1 year after PTX from 1030 +/- 108 to 98 +/- 18 pg/ml, Ca*P from 59.5 +/- 3 to 49 +/- 2 mg(2)/dl(2). Oral calcium supply transiently increased from 18.7 +/- 4.2 to 24.1 +/- 4.8 mg/kg/day within the first 6 months (all P < 0.05). Haemoglobin increased from 10.7 +/- 0.4 to 11.5 +/- 0.3 g/dl (P < 0.01), despite similar erythropoietin dose and ferritin levels. In patients on long-term dialysis, Ca*P increased again after 18 months; three patients required a second PTX after 3.8, 12 and 12.3 years. Twelve patients underwent NTX 1.8 (0.3-3.8) years after PTX, which decreased mean PTH and Ca*P into the target range throughout the entire post-NTX observation period. Postoperative complications included one transient recurrent nerve palsy, one hypocalcaemic seizure and a case of haemopericardium. At present, no patient has clinical signs of bone disease.


CONCLUSIONS
PTX accomplishes long-term control of HPT and calcium-phosphate metabolism in children with CKD and following PTX and may thus mitigate uraemic bone and cardiovascular disease. This has to be taken into account if alternative long-term therapy with calcimimetics (with as yet unknown effects on longitudinal growth and pubertal development) is considered.
Schaefer
Betti
B
Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, INF 430, Heidelberg, Germany.
Schlosser
Katja
K
Wühl
Elke
E
Schall
Petra
P
Klaus
Günter
G
Schaefer
Franz
F
Schmitt
Claus Peter
CP
D000293:Adolescent; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D016105:Parathyroidectomy; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010710:Phosphates; D002118:Calcium