title: The effect of food consumption on lumefantrine bioavailability in African children receiving artemether-lumefantrine crushed or dispersible tablets (Coartem) for acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in many African countries. Concomitant food consumption may affect absorption of lumefantrine but data in the most important target population, i.e. children, are lacking. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of food intake on oral lumefantrine bioavailability in African children with malaria.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomised, investigator-blinded, multicentre phase III efficacy trial, 899 infants and children with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria received six doses of AL according to body weight over 3 days either as crushed tablets (Coartem) or as dispersible tablets. Single blood samples were obtained for lumefantrine plasma concentration determination in a subset of 621 patients, and a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was constructed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean observed lumefantrine plasma concentration for crushed tablet and dispersible tablet, respectively, was 100% and 55% higher with a concomitant meal at the time of dose intake than when taken alone. Similarly, consumption of milk (the most common meal) increased model-estimated lumefantrine bioavailability by 57% (90% CI: 29-96%) with crushed tablets and 65% (90% CI: 28-109%) with dispersible tablets compared to no food. The 28-day PCR-corrected cure rate (primary study endpoint) in the evaluable population was 582/587 [99.1% (95% CI: 98.0-99.7%)] and was not related to food intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AL was highly efficacious. Concomitant food intake increased lumefantrine absorption in children with malaria.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hygiene, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Germany. steffen.borrmann@urz.uni-heidelberg.de <steffen.borrmann@urz.uni-heidelberg.de>
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borrmann
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Sallas
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Machevo
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Björkman
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mårtensson
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamel
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Juma
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peshu
authors.forename: Bernhards
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ogutu
authors.forename: Abdoulaye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Djimdé
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: D'Alessandro
authors.forename: Anne-Claire
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Marrast
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lefèvre
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000349:Africa; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000077611:Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D000078102:Lumefantrine; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D000077611:Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination; D037621:Artemisinins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004983:Ethanolamines; D005449:Fluorenes; D000078102:Lumefantrine