title: Effect of nitroethane and nitroethanol on the production of indole and 3-methylindole (skatole) from bacteria in swine feces by gas chromatography.
abstract: Indole and 3-methylindole (skatole) are odor pollutants in livestock waste, and skatole is a major component of boar taint. Skatole causes pulmonary edema and emphysema in ruminants and causes damage to lung Clara cells in animals and humans. A gas chromatographic method that originally used a nitrogen-phosphorus detector to increase sensitivity was modified resulting in an improved flame ionization detection response for indole and skatole of 236% and 207%, respectively. The improved method eliminates the large amount of indole decomposition in the injector. A 10 micro g mL(-1) spike of indole and skatole in water and swine fecal slurries resulted in recovery of 78.5% and 96% in water and 76.1% and 85.8% in fecal slurries, respectively. The effect of the addition of nitroethane and nitroethanol at 21.8 mM in swine fecal slurries was studied on the microbial production of indole and skatole. Nitroethane and nitroethanol decreased the production of skatole in swine fecal slurries at 24 h. The nitroethane effect on l-tryptophan-supplemented fecal slurries after 6 and 24 h incubation resulted in a decrease of 69.0% (P = 0.02) and 23.5% skatole production, respectively, and a decrease of 14.9% indole at 6 h, but an increase in indole production of 81.1% at 24 h.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845-4988, USA. ross.beier@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Ross C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.forename: Robin C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Nathan A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Edrington
authors.forename: Todd R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Callaway
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nisbet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004980:Ethane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D009595:Nitroparaffins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012862:Skatole / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D009595:Nitroparaffins; D000431:Ethanol; C014705:nitroethane; C030374:indole; D014364:Tryptophan; D012862:Skatole; D004980:Ethane