title: Influence of heart rate on quality of life in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current criteria for rate control in atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment are empirical and based on a small amount of scientific data.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to analyze the influence of heart rate (HR, measured by the 6-minute walk test [6MWT] and 24-hour Holter monitoring) on quality of life (QoL).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 89 male patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and resting HR < 90 bpm were included. QoL (assessed by the Short Form-36 Health Survey [SF-36] questionnaire) was compared among 3 groups of patients classified by HR testing results: group 1 had HR < or = 110 bpm on 6MWT and < or = 80 bpm on Holter monitor; group 2 had HR in the target area by 1 but not both tests; and group 3 had HR > 110 bpm on 6MWT and > 80 bpm on Holter monitor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences among the 3 groups in physical and mental component summary scores (285.9 +/- 73.9; 276.6 +/- 80.8; 230.3 +/- 91.0, P = .035; and 319.8 +/- 70.2; 294.7 +/- 76.0; 255.0 +/- 107.1, P = .026, respectively).When the methods were analyzed separately, there was a significant difference on QoL in physical and mental summary scores in patients with maximal HR < or = 110 bpm on 6MWT in comparison with HR > 110 bpm (P = .04 and P = .01, respectively) and in the physical summary score in patients with average HR < or = 80 bpm on Holter monitor in comparison with HR > 80 bpm (P = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Holter monitoring and 6MWT should be performed as complementary methods to better predict QoL.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. jaberjeff@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Jefferson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jaber
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cirenza
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jaber
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: José Marconi
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Almeida de Sousa
authors.forename: Japy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Oliveira Filho
authors.forename: Angelo A V
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: de Paola
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005080:Exercise Test; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011788:Quality of Life; D012372:ROC Curve; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires