title: The hyperalgesic effects induced by the injection of angiotensin II into the caudal ventrolateral medulla are mediated by the pontine A5 noradrenergic cell group.
abstract: The caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) is a key component of the supraspinal pain modulatory system. Pain modulation from the CVLM is partially relayed by spinally projecting noradrenergic neurons of the pontine A(5) cell group, which leave collateral fibres at the CVLM. The injection of angiotensin II (Ang II) into the CVLM was recently shown to induce hyperalgesia mediated by angiotensin type 1 (AT(1)) receptors, expressed by CVLM neurons that do not project to the spinal cord. The present study evaluates the effects of lesioning the noradrenergic pontine A(5) cell group by the retrograde transport of the selective toxin anti-dopamine beta-hydroxylase-saporin (anti-DBH-SAP) from the CVLM in pain behavioural responses elicited by Ang II injection into the CVLM. The injection of anti-DBH-SAP induced neurodegeneration, identified by the marker Fluoro-Jade B, restricted to the A(5) noradrenergic cell group. These results were confirmed by the decrease in the number of noradrenergic neurons only in the A(5) group. Pain behavioural evaluation using the formalin test showed that Ang II injection into the CVLM induced hyperalgesia, which was partially prevented by lesion of the A(5) noradrenergic cell group with anti-DBH-SAP. Immunostaining of AT(1) receptors in CVLM neurons retrogradely labelled from the A(5) noradrenergic cell group showed that CVLM neurons that project to the A(5) express AT(1) receptors, indicating that Ang II can modulate directly the CVLM-A(5) connection. The results show that Ang II-induced hyperalgesia elicited from the CVLM is mediated by an indirect pathway relayed at the pontine noradrenergic A(5) group.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Farmacologia & Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marques-Lopes
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pinho
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albino-Teixeira
authors.forename: Isaura
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tavares
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D011149:Pons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D000804:Angiotensin II; D009638:Norepinephrine