title: MRI in the assessment of muscular pathology: a comparison between limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, hyaline body myopathies and myotonic dystrophies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The continuous discovery of new subtypes of neuromuscular disorders demands more accurate imaging analyses. We set out to establish the specific patterns of muscular involution using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic clinical evaluation based on the Medical Research Council scale and MRI was completed in ten patients with calpainopathy [limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD)-2A], 16 with dysferlinopathy (LGMD-2B), ten with hyaline body myopathy (HBM), six with myotonic dystrophy (MD) types 1 and 5 with MD type 2. Severity of fibroadipose degeneration was specifically staged using T1-weighted sequences. Turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM) sequences were used to assess oedema-like changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T1 scans showed recurrent patterns of fibroadipose replacement, whereas TIRM images revealed differences in oedema-like changes between the various diseases. In LGMD, the posterior compartments are more vulnerable to degeneration. In HBM, fatty muscle degeneration and oedema are allocated to muscles of the posterior compartments of the leg. In MD, fatty muscle degeneration and oedematous changes are allocated to muscles of the anterior thigh and posterior lower leg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imaging examination suggests a characteristic pattern of muscle involvement. MRI represents an important diagnostic technique useful in differential diagnosis, thanks to the distinctive patterns observed in the distribution of muscular changes between the different muscular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Diagnostic Sciences and Special Therapies, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy. roberto.stramare@unipd.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stramare
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Beltrame
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dal Borgo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gallimberti
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Frigo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pegoraro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Angelini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rubaltelli
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Feltrin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000473:pathology; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000473:pathology*; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D049288:Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle / Q000473:pathology*; D009223:Myotonic Dystrophy / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult