title: Effectiveness of a group anger management programme after severe traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the effectiveness of a group approach to the treatment of anger management difficulties for people with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated-measures design with convenience sampling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were community living clients of a tertiary brain injury service. The group programme consisted of 12 weekly sessions based on a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) model, with modifications to incorporate compensations for TBI-related cognitive impairment. Treatment effectiveness was measured using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), at pre-treatment, post-treatment and follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The programme was completed by 52 people across nine groups over the years 1998-2006 and 31 of these attended a follow-up session. Completion of the programme was associated with significant decreases in self-reported frequency with which anger was experienced (STAXI Trait Anger) and frequency of expression of anger (Anger Expression-Out), as well as a significant increase in reported attempts to control feelings of anger (Anger Control); changes were maintained at follow-up assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A group CBT approach shows promise as an effective community-based treatment for anger control issues after severe TBI. Future research directions should include a wait-list control group and objective rating of anger expression.
authors.affiliation: Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia. awalker@biru.wsahs.nsw.gov.au
authors.forename: Alexandra J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Melissa T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nott
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onus
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Baguley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010349:Patient Compliance; D016896:Treatment Outcome