title: Spinal arteriovenous malformation: evaluation of change in venous oxygenation with susceptibility-weighted MR imaging after treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of susceptibility-weighted (SW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the assessment of the posttreatment change in oxygen saturation in the draining vein in patients with spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. SW imaging was performed in 11 patients with spinal AVM before and after surgical or endovascular treatment. Eleven healthy subjects were included as a control group. A four-grade response scale was used for the visual assessment of the anterior spinal vein (ASV). For quantitative analysis, the phase value of the ASV was measured and oxygen saturation was calculated. Nonparametric multigroup comparison for visual assessment and one-way analysis of variance for quantitative measurement of oxygen saturation were used as statistical tests for comparison among three groups (pretreatment patients, posttreatment patients, and control subjects).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete shunt occlusion in all patients was confirmed by using conventional angiography. For visual assessment, the average score of the pretreatment group was significantly less than that of the posttreatment and control groups. For quantitative analysis, the average oxygen saturation of the pretreatment group was significantly higher than that of the posttreatment and control groups, while no significant difference was observed between the posttreatment and control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After treatment, normalization of increased oxygen saturation was noninvasively observed by using SW imaging in patients with spinal AVM. SW imaging can be a useful tool for the assessment of treatment efficacy in patients with spinal AVM. (c) RSNA, 2010.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology and Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujima
authors.forename: Kohsuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terae
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.forename: Kinya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishizaka
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zaitsu
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Khin Khin
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Tha
authors.forename: E Mark
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Haacke
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010100:Oxygen