title: Application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for cleaning verification in pharmaceutical manufacture.
abstract: Cleaning verification is the process by which pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment is determined as sufficiently clean to allow manufacture to continue. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a very sensitive spectroscopic technique capable of detection at levels appropriate for cleaning verification. In this paper, commercially available Klarite SERS substrates were employed in order to obtain the necessary enhancement of signal for the identification of chemical species at concentrations of 1 to 10 ng/cm2, which are relevant to cleaning verification. The SERS approach was combined with principal component analysis in the identification of drug compounds recovered from a contaminated steel surface.
authors.affiliation: Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Beds, UK. damioncorrigan1979@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Damion K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Corrigan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cauchi
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piletsky
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mccrossen
mesh_terms: D004340:Drug Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*