title: Coated whey protein/alginate microparticles as oral controlled delivery systems for probiotic yeast.
abstract: Viable Saccharomyces boulardii, used as a biotherapeutic agent, was encapsulated in food-grade whey protein isolate (WP) and alginate (ALG) microparticles, in order to protect and vehicle them in gastrointestinal environment. Yeast-loaded microparticles with a WP/ALG ratio of 62/38 were produced with high encapsulation efficiency (95%) using an extrusion/cold gelation method and coated with ALG or WP by a simple immersion method. Swelling, yeast survival, WP loss and yeast release in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids (SGF and SIF, pH 1.2 and 7.5) with and without their respective digestive enzymes (pepsin and pancreatin) were investigated. In SGF, ALG network shrinkage limited enzyme diffusion into the WP/ALG matrix. Coated and uncoated WP/ALG microparticles were resistant in SGF even with pepsin. Survival of yeast cells in microparticles was 40% compared to 10% for free yeast cells and was improved to 60% by coating. In SIF, yeast cell release followed coated microparticle swelling with a desirable delay. Coated WP/ALG microparticles appear to have potential as oral delivery systems for Saccharomyces boulardii or as encapsulation means for probiotic cells in pharmaceutical or food processing applications.
authors.affiliation: Université Clermont 1, UFR Pharmacie, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH), Equipe de Recherche Technologique 'Conception, Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et duM'dicament' (ERT CIDAM), Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hébrard
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hoffart
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beyssac
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cardot
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alric
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Subirade
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002214:Capsules / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000145:classification; D014783:Viscosity; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D002214:Capsules; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D020723:Glucuronic Acid