title: Polyphenol-enriched apple extract attenuates food allergy in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The immune system may be modulated with nutrition to prevent the development or to treat the symptoms of allergy. Among other foods, consumption of apples has been linked to reduced incidence of atopic dermatitis and respiratory allergy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the efficacy and mechanisms of a polyphenol-enriched apple extract in reducing symptoms of food allergy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a model of food allergy to ovalbumin (OVA), BALB/c mice were fed with an apple extract either during sensitization or just before the challenge. After the challenge, allergic symptoms were scored, OVA-specific serum immunoglobulins were determined by ELISA, cytokine production by mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells was measured by a multiplex assay and gene expression profiles in the intestine were addressed using quantitative real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consumption of the apple extract reduced symptoms of food allergy upon challenge. This was paralleled by reduced levels of intestinal mast cell protease, diminished cytokine secretion by MLN cells and reduced local intestinal mRNA expression of various T-helper type-2 associated and pro-inflammatory genes. Mechanistic studies suggested decrease of mediator release by effector cells and reduction of allergenicity by protein-polyphenol interaction as potential mechanisms responsible for protection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polyphenol-enriched apple extract can attenuate food allergy symptoms in sensitized mice via two distinct possible mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Allergy Group, Department of Nutrition and Health, Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Zuercher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holvoet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercenier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013634:Tannins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005419:Flavonoids; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013634:Tannins; C526219:apple polyphenol extract; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D010047:Ovalbumin