title: Pulmonary disorders, including vocal cord dysfunction.
abstract: The lung is a very complex immunologic organ and responds in a variety of ways to inhaled antigens, organic or inorganic materials, infectious or saprophytic agents, fumes, and irritants. There might be airways obstruction, restriction, neither, or both accompanied by inflammatory destruction of the pulmonary interstitium, alveoli, or bronchioles. This review focuses on diseases organized by their predominant immunologic responses, either innate or acquired. Pulmonary innate immune conditions include transfusion-related acute lung injury, World Trade Center cough, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Adaptive immunity responses involve the systemic and mucosal immune systems, activated lymphocytes, cytokines, and antibodies that produce CD4(+) T(H)1 phenotypes, such as for tuberculosis or acute forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and CD4(+) T(H)2 phenotypes, such as for asthma, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA. p-greenberger@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Greenberger
authors.forename: Leslie C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Grammer
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000276:immunology*; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000906:Antibodies