title: Cognitive appraisals and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in informal caregivers of stroke survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine associations between cognitive appraisals (i.e., negative appraisals about the self, negative appraisals about the world, and self-blame) and the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in informal caregivers (i.e., family relatives or close associates) of stroke survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in which informal caregivers (N = 51) of recent stroke survivors completed the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale and the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTSD symptom severity correlated significantly with the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory Self, World, and Self-Blame subscales and with time since stroke and age (negative relationship). Cognitive appraisals explained 58% of the variance in PTSD symptom severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The associations found between negative cognitive appraisals and the severity of PTSD symptoms are consistent with current cognitive models of PTSD and the recommended use of trauma-related cognitive-behavioral therapy for individuals with PTSD.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carek
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D020521:Stroke / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology*; D015996:Survival Rate