title: Dietary carbohydrate in relation to cortical and nuclear lens opacities in the melbourne visual impairment project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In vitro and in vivo animal studies suggest that dietary carbohydrates play a role in cataractogenesis. Few epidemiologic studies have been conducted to evaluate this association. The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional associations between total carbohydrate intake, dietary glycemic index (dGI), and the risk of cortical and nuclear cataracts.
  
  
  METHODS
  After excluding 864 persons from 2473 eligible participants, 1609 eligible nondiabetic participants (mean age, 57.6 years, 55.9% female) in the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project (VIP) were enrolled. Dietary information derived from a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire and cataract status graded by the Wilmer protocol (cortical cataract: opacity >or=4/16; nuclear cataract grade >or=2) were collected. With the use of the generalized estimating approach to logistic regression to account for the lack of independence between the eyes of an individual, the associations between dietary carbohydrates and risk of cataract in eyes with no or a single type (pure) of cataract were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate adjustment showed that pure cortical cataract (197 eyes) was significantly associated with total carbohydrate intake (odds ratio [OR] comparing the highest quartile with the lowest quartile = 3.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10-9.27; P(trend) = 0.017). The OR for nuclear cataract (366 eyes) comparing the third quartile of dGI with the first quartile (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.02-2.65) was significant, but there was not a consistent dose-response association (P(trend) = 0.75).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbohydrate intake may be optimized to prolong eye lens function. Because of the high proportion of subjects with missing covariates, these results warrant further study.
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Chung-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Luba
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Robman
authors.forename: Catherine Anne
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: McCarty
authors.forename: Bickol Nanjan
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Mukesh
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: Hugh Ringland
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002386:Cataract / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007904:Lens Cortex, Crystalline / Q000473:pathology*; D007907:Lens Nucleus, Crystalline / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates