title: A novel insulin secretagogue based on a dinucleoside polyphosphate scaffold.
abstract: Dinucleoside polyphosphates exert their physiological effects via P2 receptors (P2Rs). They are attractive drug candidates, as they offer better stability and specificity compared to nucleotides, the most common P2 receptor ligands. The activation of pancreatic P2Y receptors by nucleotides increases insulin secretion. Therefore, in the current study, dinucleoside polyphosphate analogues (di-(2-MeS)-adenosine-5',5''-P(1),P(4),alpha,beta-methylene-tetraphosphate), 8, (di-(2-MeS)-adenosine-5',5''-P(1),P(4),beta,gamma-methylene-tetraphosphate), 9, and di-(2-MeS)-adenosine-5',5''-P(1),P(3),alpha,beta-methylene triphosphate, 10, were developed as potential insulin secretagogues. Analogues 8 and 9 were found to be agonists of the P2Y(1)R with EC(50) values of 0.42 and 0.46 microM, respectively, whereas analogue 10 had no activity. Analogues 8-10 were found to be completely resistant to hydrolysis by alkaline phosphatase over 3 h at 37 degrees C. Analogue 8 also was found to be 2.5-fold more stable in human blood serum than ATP, with a half-life of 12.1 h. Analogue 8 administration in rats caused a decrease in a blood glucose load from 155 mg/dL to ca. 100 mg/dL and increased blood insulin levels 4-fold as compared to basal levels. In addition, analogue 8 reduced a blood glucose load to normal values (80-110 mg/dL), unlike the commonly prescribed glibenclamide, which reduced glucose levels below normal values (60 mg/dL). These findings suggest that analogue 8 may prove to be an effective and safe treatment for type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Shay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eliahu
authors.forename: Haim M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Camden
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Weisman
authors.forename: Bilha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058472:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1; D044967:Serum / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates; D007328:Insulin; C546382:P2RY1 protein, human; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058472:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase