title: Mineral trioxide aggregate for direct pulp capping: a histologic comparison with calcium hydroxide in rat molars.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies reported superior healing results for ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Dentsply Tulsa) cement in direct pulp capping when compared to calcium hydroxide. However, this could not be confirmed by other authors. The aim of this study was to compare the reaction of MTA-treated rat pulp tissue to calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]-treated rat pulp tissue in direct pulp capping after 1 to 70 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two caries- free, maxillary right and left first molars of 36 Wistar rats were prepared with an occlusal cavity. The pulp chambers were then perforated with a sharp probe. For each of four time periods, MTA was placed on the exposed pulp of 10 molars according to the manufacturer's instructions, and Ca(OH)2 was placed on 8 molars. All cavities were then filled with dentin adhesive and flowable composite. The animals were sacrificed 1, 3, 7, and 70 days after pulp capping. The pulps were histologically analyzed (light and transmission electron microscopic) for bacterial infection, inflammatory cells, necrosis, and reparative dentin and classified according to occurrence in scores from 1 to 4. To ensure that the coronal restorations did not leak, occlusal cavities were prepared in four maxillary molars of one rat. The coronal cavity was then sealed with resin. After 70 days, the rat was sacrificed, and the molars were immersed in new fuchsin. Data were statistically evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis test (P<.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MTA group showed statistically significantly lower signs of necrosis 1 and 3 days after pulp capping when compared with the Ca(OH)2 group (P<.05). No other statistically significant differences were found (P>.05). After 70 days, all pulps displayed healthy tissue. In the leakage test no specimens revealed any dye penetration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTA showed equally good results as Ca(OH)2 and can berecommended clinically for direct pulp capping.
authors.affiliation: Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Department of Operative Dentistry, Münster, Germany. tillda@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: Till
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dammaschke
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Darius
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sagheri
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stratmann
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schäfer
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000517:prevention & control; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects*; D003785:Dental Pulp Capping / Q000379:methods*; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D003809:Dentin, Secondary / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008963:Molar; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide