title: HIV testing and counseling in the nation's outpatient substance abuse treatment system, 1995-2005.
abstract: This article examines the extent to which U.S. outpatient substance abuse treatment (OSAT) facilities provide HIV counseling and testing (C&T) to clients between 1995 and 2005. We also examine organizational and client characteristics associated with OSAT facilities' provision of HIV C&T. Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of outpatient treatment facilities in 1995 (n = 618), 2000 (n = 571), and 2005 (n = 566). Results show that in 1995, 26.8% of OSAT clients received HIV C & T; by 2005, this proportion had increased, but only to 28.8%. Further, results from random-effects interval regression analysis show that C&T is especially widespread in public and nonprofit facilities, in methadone facilities, and in units that serve injection drug users and commercial sex workers. HIV C&T was also more widespread in units that employed formal intake protocols. Despite widespread efforts to increase HIV C&T services in OSAT care, only a small and stable minority of clients receive these services. Adoption of formal intake procedures may provide one vehicle to increase provision of C&T services.
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Harold A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: D'Aunno
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D037001:Directive Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011477:Sex Work; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000534:rehabilitation; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D008691:Methadone