title: Insulin VNTR and IGF-1 promoter region polymorphisms are not associated with body composition in early childhood: the generation R study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to examine the associations between insulin gene variable number of tandem repeats (INS VNTR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene promoter region polymorphisms with body composition in early childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was embedded in an ongoing prospective cohort study. Growth in early childhood (body mass index, total subcutaneous fat mass and waist-hip ratio) was assessed at birth and at the ages of 6 weeks and 24 months. DNA for genotyping was available in 738 children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genotype distribution of the INS VNTR gene was I/I 50.4%, I/III 40.4%, and III/III 9.2%. IGF1 genotypes were categorized in the following categories based on their 192-bp allele: homozygous (wild-type) 43.1%, heterozygous 45.8%, and noncarrier 11.2%. No differences were found in body mass index, total subcutaneous fat mass and waist-hip ratio in early childhood between the three groups for both the INS VNTR and IGF1 genotypes. We also did not find interactions between these genotypes and gender or birth weight on the effects of body composition measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results do not support previous studies showing associations between INS VNTR and IGF1 promoter region polymorphisms with body composition in early childhood.
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Janneke A J B M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.forename: Dennis O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Mook-Kanamori
authors.forename: Lamise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ay
authors.forename: Eric A P
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Steegers
authors.forename: Cornelia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: van Duijn
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: Anita C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hokken-Koelega
authors.forename: Vincent W V
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Jaddoe
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition / Q000235:genetics*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I