title: Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and soluble CD14 in the vitreous fluid of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare intravitreous levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and soluble CD14 (sCD14) between patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and nondiabetic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 19 consecutive Type 2 diabetic patients with PDR in whom a vitrectomy was performed. Sixteen vitreous humors from nondiabetic patients matched by age, with idiopathic macular holes, were selected from our vitreous bank and used as a control group. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sCD14 by a solid-phase enzyme-amplified sensitive immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and sCD14 levels were significantly higher in patients with PDR than in the control group (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, P < 0.001; sCD14, P < 0.01). After correcting for vitreal proteins, the results remained significantly higher in patients with PDR. No differences in serum levels were observed, and we did not find any correlation between serum and vitreous levels. A direct correlation between lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and sCD14 was detected in the vitreous fluid (r = 0.57; P < 0.001) but not in the plasma. Finally, a significant correlation between intravitreal levels of both lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and sCD14 and interleukin-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 was also detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and sCD14 are elevated in the vitreous fluid of patients with PDR and thus may play a role in the innate immune response triggered by the inflammatory injury characteristic of PDR.
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Ramírez
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villarroel
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casado
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García-Pascual
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Real
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simó
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000378:metabolism; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein; C111835:CCL2 protein, human