title: Observational study of the effect of mu-opioid receptor genetic polymorphism on intrathecal opioid labor analgesia and post-cesarean delivery analgesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this two-part prospective observational and blinded trial was to determine whether the single nucleotide polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1:c.304A>G) modifies (1) the duration of intrathecal fentanyl labor analgesia and (2) supplemental analgesic requirements after intrathecal morphine analgesia following cesarean delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Labor analgesia was initiated with intrathecal fentanyl 25 microg. Patients undergoing primary cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia received intrathecal morphine 150 microg. The primary outcome variables were duration of intrathecal fentanyl analgesia in the labor study and the requirement for supplemental systemic analgesia in the cesarean study. Outcomes were compared between 304A homozygotes (group A) and 304A>G heterozygotes and 304G homozygotes (group G).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The labor study included 190 participants and the post-cesarean study included 103 participants; 24% subjects carried the 304A>G allele. The median (95% CI) duration of intrathecal fentanyl analgesia was 70 min (62, 78) in group A and 63 min (50, 76) in group G (P = 0.54). There was no difference in the amount of supplemental oral morphine equivalents required to treat breakthrough pain within 72 h after intrathecal morphine between groups A and G (median [IQR] 68 mg (37, 97) and 75 mg (37, 90) respectively, P = 0.99) or in the duration of intrathecal morphine analgesia (P = 0.84). The incidence of pruritus was greater in group A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the two outcome parameters duration of analgesia and treatment for breakthrough pain, we did not find a simple association between intrathecal opioid analgesia and OPRM1 304A/G polymorphism.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. c-wong2@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blouin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000235:genetics*; D018401:Sample Size; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D004247:DNA; D005283:Fentanyl