title: IGF-I stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inhibits insulin-dependent glucose uptake via ROS in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  IGF-I is known to enhance insulin sensitivity in whole body mainly via the IGF-I receptors in muscles. However, the effect of IGF-I on the regulation of insulin sensitivity in the adipose tissue is yet unclear. Insulin sensitivity was found to be higher in the IGF-I receptor-deficient adipocytes than that in wild-type adipocytes, suggesting that IGF-I signaling induces insulin resistance in adipocytes. However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In addition, the effect of superphysiological levels of IGF-I, as is observed in patients with acromegaly, on insulin sensitivity remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  To clarify the role of IGF-I on insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, we determined insulin-induced glucose uptake and IRS-1 status in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with IGF-I. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) are causally related to insulin resistance, we investigated the effect of IGF-I on ROS production to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying insulin resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preincubation of the adipocytes with IGF-I attenuated insulin-dependent glucose uptake. Interestingly, we found that IGF-I significantly stimulated ROS production. Furthermore, preincubation of adipocytes with an antioxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) restored the IGF-I-induced attenuation of insulin-dependent glucose uptake; this indicates that IGF-I induces insulin resistance via ROS. Serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 was strongly induced and the insulin-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 was suppressed by preincubating the adipocytes with IGF-I. Further, NAC restored these changes induced by IGF-I on both serine and tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that IGF-I inhibited insulin activity in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes via ROS production, which affects IRS-1 phosphorylation status.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imanaka
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takeno
authors.forename: Genzo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okimura
authors.forename: Hidesuke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chihara
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005947:Glucose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D005947:Glucose