title: Unique contributions of distinct cholinergic projections to motor cortical plasticity and learning.
abstract: The cholinergic basal forebrain projects throughout the neocortex, exerting a critical role in modulating plasticity associated with normal learning. Cholinergic modulation of cortical plasticity could arise from 3 distinct mechanisms by 1) "direct" modulation via cholinergic inputs to regions undergoing plasticity, 2) "indirect" modulation via cholinergic projections to anterior, prefrontal attentional systems, or 3) modulating more global aspects of processing via distributed inputs throughout the cortex. To segregate these potential mechanisms, we investigated cholinergic-dependent reorganization of cortical motor representations in rats undergoing skilled motor learning. Behavioral and electrophysiological consequences of depleting cholinergic inputs to either motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, or globally, were compared. We find that local depletion of cholinergic afferents to motor cortex significantly disrupts map plasticity and skilled motor behavior, whereas prefrontal cholinergic depletion has no effect on these measures. Global cholinergic depletion perturbs map plasticity comparable with motor cortex depletions but results in significantly greater impairments in skilled motor acquisition. These findings indicate that local cholinergic activation within motor cortex, as opposed to indirect regulation of prefrontal systems, modulate cortical map plasticity and motor learning. More globally acting cholinergic mechanisms provide additional support for the acquisition of skilled motor behaviors, beyond those associated with cortical map reorganization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0626, USA. jmconner@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Conner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kulczycki
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tuszynski
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D020532:Basal Nucleus of Meynert / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
chemical_list: D000109:Acetylcholine