title: Gambogenic acid inhibits proliferation of A549 cells through apoptosis-inducing and cell cycle arresting.
abstract: Although anticancer effect of gambogic acid (GA) and its potential mechanisms were well documented in past decades, limited information is available on the anticancer effect of gambogenic acid (GNA), another major active component of Gamboge. Here we performed a study to determine whether GNA possesses anticancer effect and find its potential mechanisms. The results suggested that GNA significantly inhibited the proliferation of several tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with GNA dose and time dependently induced A549 cells apoptosis, arrested the cells to G0/G1 phase in vitro and down-regulated the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in mRNA level. In addition, anticancer effect was further demonstrated by applying xenografts in nude mice coupled with the characteristic of apoptosis in the GNA treated group. Taken together, these observations might suggest that GNA inhibits tumor cell proliferation via apoptosis-induction and cell cycle arrest.
authors.affiliation: Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Material, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China. qinglin_lee@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Qinglin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Guoqi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiaoshan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nianbai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Lunzhu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Daiying
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D029760:Garcinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012116:Resins, Plant; D013729:Terpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014966:Xanthenes; D044004:Xanthones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012116:Resins, Plant; D013729:Terpenes; D014966:Xanthenes; D044004:Xanthones; D019938:Cyclin D1; C045863:neo-gambogic acid; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2