title: Tolvaptan: a new tool for the effective treatment of hyponatremia in psychotic disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration < 136 mEq/liter) is a common and potentially life-threatening medical comorbidity seen in patients with psychotic disorders. Tolvaptan, a selective antagonist of the V(2)-receptor, is FDA-approved for the treatment of clinically significant hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia. This represents a major development in the care of psychotic individuals with hyponatremia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review provides an overview of the existing literature on prevalence rates and risk factors associated with hyponatremia in psychotic patients (1923 - present). Tolvaptan is discussed as a potential advance in the treatment of hyponatremia in patients with psychotic disorders, and preliminary data are reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reader will gain an appreciation of the prevalence of hyponatremia among psychotic individuals, an understanding of the distinctions between acute and chronic hyponatremia in this population, and awareness that effective treatments are becoming available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A modest literature exists regarding prevalence rates and risk factors associated with hyponatremia in psychotic populations. Hyponatremia is common and serious enough to merit clinical concern. Perhaps, now that tolvaptan has been FDA-approved, progress will accelerate and new insights will develop that begin to bring relief from this medical comorbidity among psychotic patients.
authors.affiliation: Drexel University College of Medicine, 1427 Vine Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA. rcjosiassen@gmail.com
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Josiassen
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Filmyer
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Audino
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Skuban
authors.forename: Rita A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Shaughnessy
mesh_terms: D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007177:Inappropriate ADH Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000077602:Tolvaptan
chemical_list: D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001552:Benzazepines; D000077602:Tolvaptan