title: Effects of manure and cultivation on carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from a corn field under Mediterranean conditions.
abstract: The use of organic residues as soil additives is increasing, but, depending on their composition and application methods, these organic amendments can stimulate the emissions of CO(2) and N(2)O. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of management practices in irrigated sweet corn (Zea mays L.) on CO(2) and N(2)O emissions and to relate emissions to environmental factors. In a 3-yr study, corn residues (CR) and pasteurized chicken manure (PCM) were used as soil amendments compared with no residue (NR) under three management practices: shallow tillage (ST) and no tillage (NT) under consecutive corn crops and ST without crop. Tillage significantly increased (P < 0.05) CO(2) and N(2)O fluxes in residue-amended plots and in NR plots. Carbon dioxide and N(2)O fluxes were correlated with soil NH(4) concentrations and with days since tillage and days since seeding. Fluxes of CO(2) were correlated with soil water content, whereas N(2)O fluxes had higher correlation with air temperature. Annual CO(2) emissions were higher with PCM than with CR and NR (9.7, 2.9, and 2.3 Mg C ha(-1), respectively). Fluxes of N(2)O were 34.4, 0.94, and 0.77 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) with PCM, CR, and NR, respectively. Annual amounts of CO(2)-C and N(2)O-N emissions from the PCM treatments were 64 and 3% of the applied C and N, respectively. Regardless of cultivation practices, elevated N(2)O emissions were recorded in the PCM treatment. These emissions could negate some of the beneficial effects of PCM on soil properties.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel. hadarh@agri.gov.il
authors.forename: Hadar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Asher
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bar-Tal
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tamir
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: Rodney T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Venterea
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: C Edward
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Clapp
authors.forename: Pinchas
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fine
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000388:Air / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D002645:Chickens; D007557:Israel; D008372:Manure; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D011891:Rain; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D013696:Temperature; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D009584:Nitrogen