title: The effect of sex and chronic low back pain on back muscle reflex responses.
abstract: Different back muscle reflex assessment protocols have shown abnormally longer reflex latency responses of back muscles in chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, many confounding variables are difficult to control, such as the load magnitude and the preactivation of trunk muscles. The aims of this study were to evaluate, in 30 subjects with CLBP and 30 healthy controls, the activation levels of back muscles during pre-loading and their reflex responses to sudden loading. After subjected to six practice perturbations, 20 sudden and unexpected forward perturbations of the trunk were applied in 30 CLBP subjects (14 women) and 31 controls (17 women), while attempting to minimize the confounding effect of preactivation level and perturbation amplitude. Reflex latency and amplitudes were computed from the surface EMG signals of four back muscles (bilaterally at L5, L3, L1, T10 vertebral levels). EMG was also collected from abdominal muscles. Subjects with CLBP significantly increased the preactivation of back muscles (abdominal preactivation the same) relative to controls while no sex effect was observed. While adjusting statistically for these differences, reflex amplitude was significantly higher in subjects with CLBP and men, compared to healthy controls and women, respectively. Interestingly, contrary to most of the literature available, no between-group effects were detected for reflex latency, which could potentially be explained by an appropriate control of confounding variables, but this remains to be clarified in future research.
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505, boul. De Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, QC, H3A 3C2, Canada. larchr@irsst.qc.ca
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larivière
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Forget
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vadeboncoeur
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bilodeau
authors.forename: Hakim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mecheri
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000294:innervation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011930:Reaction Time; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult