title: Oral midazolam for removal of Kirschner wires in the children's orthopaedic outpatient department: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Use of Kirschner wires (K-wires) is common in pediatric elbow fracture treatment. We investigate whether anxiety levels at removal of wires may be reduced using oral midazolam.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective randomized controlled trial with 2 groups, with midazolam and with placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two children with an average age of 7.1 years (range, 3.6-12.3 y) had complete documentation for analysis. The change in anxiety scores was not significantly different between the 2 groups. Forty-five percent of children in the midazolam group had reduced anxiety levels compared with 18% of children given placebo, but this difference was not significant (P=0.102). The anxiety scores before and after wire removal in the midazolam group were not significantly different from the placebo group scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We do not recommend the routine administration of midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) to all children requiring K-wire removal in the outpatient department.
  
  
  METHODS
  I.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds, UK. Peter.templeton@leedsth.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Templeton
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Allgar
authors.forename: Rowan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000284:Administration, Oral; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D001864:Bone Wires; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010045:Outpatients; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000092464:Elbow Injuries
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D008874:Midazolam