title: Preclinical carotid atherosclerosis enhances the global cardiovascular risk and increases the rate of cerebro- and cardiovascular events in a five-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate if the intima-media thickening (IMT) and asymptomatic carotid plaque (ACP), as expression of carotid preclinical atherosclerosis (pre-ATS), can provide further information on the global cardiovascular risk (GCVR).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 454 asymptomatic subjects, with a cluster of risk factors (RF), and evaluated the incidence of a first cardiovascular (CV) event in a five-year follow-up. The subjects at admission were subdivided in three groups of risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Events occurred in 38% of subjects at high risk, in 13% and 6% of subjects at intermediate and low risk (p<0.003). Among evaluated parameters, carotid pre-ATS was a predictive marker of CV events (OR 2.7, 95% IC 1.4-5.1, p<0.0024). In subjects with GCVR<20% the prevalence of events was 8% for normal carotid ultrasound findings, 13% for increased IMT and 15% for ACP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In primary prevention, the IMT measurement can give further information for a better stratification of GCVR. The pre-ATS of carotid arteries should be considered a strong predictor of future CV events and should suggest a more aggressive treatment of RF.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Diagnosis of Preclinical and Multifocal Atherosclerosis and for Cardiovascular Prevention, Section of CardioAngiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. novosav@unipa.it
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Novo
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carità
authors.forename: Egle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corrado
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Muratori
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pernice
authors.forename: Rosalba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tantillo
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography