title: Effects of early oseltamivir therapy on viral shedding in 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 is susceptible to oseltamivir. There are few reports on its clinical and virologic response to oseltamivir.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the pandemic containment response in Singapore, all patients with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results for pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 were hospitalized, given oseltamivir for 5 days, and discharged when daily PCR results for combined nasal and throat swab samples became negative. Six patients had concurrent positive viral culture and PCR results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of the first 70 consecutive patients was 26 years (interquartile range, 21-38 years); 60% were men, and 29% had comorbidity. The mean time (+/-SD) from illness onset to hospital admission was 3+/-2 days. Influenza-like illness was noted in 63% of patients. Fever occurred in 91%, cough in 88%, sore throat in 66%, and rhinorrhea in 53% of patients. The mean duration (+/-SD) of viral shedding from illness onset was day 6+/-2 days. Viral shedding persisted beyond 7 days in 37% of patients. Clinical features and viral shedding were similar between those with and without comorbidity, except the former had more cough and lower oxygen saturation. Patients receiving oseltamivir on days 1 to 3 of illness had significantly shorter viral shedding duration, compared with those treated from day 4 onwards (P < .05). The mean durations (+/-SD) of positive PCR and viral culture results were 5+/-8 and 4+/-18 days, respectively, for 6 patients with concurrent positive viral culture and PCR results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged viral shedding was noted in young immunocompetent adults with mild pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 despite receipt of oseltamivir. When prescribed during the first 3 days of illness, oseltamivir shortened the duration of viral shedding.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Li M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Angela L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lye
authors.forename: Adriana S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Prabha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Nwe N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Win
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Poh L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Cheng C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yee S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Leo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000502:physiology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D053139:Oseltamivir / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D017201:Virus Shedding; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D053139:Oseltamivir