title: The ability of pleth variability index to predict the hemodynamic effects of positive end-expiratory pressure in mechanically ventilated patients under general anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pleth variability index (PVI) is a new algorithm allowing automated and continuous monitoring of respiratory variations in the pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude. PVI can predict fluid responsiveness noninvasively in mechanically ventilated patients during general anesthesia. We hypothesized that PVI could predict the hemodynamic effects of 10 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 21 mechanically ventilated and sedated patients in the postoperative period after coronary artery bypass grafting. Patients were monitored with a pulmonary artery catheter and a pulse oximeter sensor attached to the index finger. Hemodynamic data (cardiac index [CI], PVI, pulse pressure variation, central venous pressure) were recorded at 3 successive tidal volumes (V(T)) (6, 8, and 10 mL/kg body weight) during zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) and then after addition of a 10 cm H2O PEEP for each V(t). Hemodynamically unstable patients were defined as those with a >15% decrease in CI after the addition of PEEP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PEEP induced changes in CI and PVI for V(t) of 8 and 10 mL/kg. Hemodynamic instability occurred in 5 patients for a V(T) of 6 mL/kg, in 6 patients for a V(T) of 8 mL/kg, and in 9 patients for a V(T) of 10 mL/kg. For V(T) of 8 mL/kg, a PVI threshold value of 12% during ZEEP predicted hemodynamic instability with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 80% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.806; P = 0.03). For V(T) of 10 mL/kg, a PVI threshold value of 13% during ZEEP predicted hemodynamic instability with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 83% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.829; P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PVI may be useful in automatically and noninvasively detecting the hemodynamic effects of PEEP when V(T) is >8 mL/kg in ventilated and sedated patients with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.
authors.affiliation: Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Louis Pradel Hospital, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM ERI 22, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Desebbe
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boucau
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farhat
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bastien
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lehot
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cannesson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz; D002496:Central Venous Pressure; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D010092:Oximetry; D010991:Plethysmography; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000009:adverse effects; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013990:Tidal Volume