Urine-based assays for the detection of bladder cancer.
Bladder cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Furthermore, nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer has a 70% rate of recurrence, making it a considerable strain to the healthcare system. Patients with bladder cancer require repeat cystoscopic examinations of the bladder to monitor for tumor recurrence. The reason these patients have to undergo these costly, painful, invasive procedures is owing to the absence of accurate urine-based assays to detect the presence of bladder cancer noninvasively. Consequently, the development of a urine-based test to detect bladder cancer would be of tremendous benefit to both patients and healthcare systems. This article reports some of the more prominent urine markers in use today. In addition, the article will highlight some new technologies that are used to investigate novel urinary markers.
Villicana
Patrick
P
Department of Urology, The University of Florida, College of Medicine, Suite N2-3, PO Box 100247, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Whiting
Bryant
B
Goodison
Steve
S
Rosser
Charles J
CJ