title: Early-stage inflammation and experimental therapy in transgenic models of the Alzheimer-like amyloid pathology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracellular accumulation of beta-amyloid (Abeta) is one of the early features in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down's syndrome. This can be reproduced in cell and transgenic animal models of the AD-like amyloid pathology. In a transgenic rat model, our lab has previously shown that the intracellular accumulation of Abeta is sufficient to provoke cognitive impairments and biochemical alterations in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the absence of amyloid plaques.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate an early, pre-plaque inflammatory process in AD-like transgenic models and establish whether the neurotoxic effects of Abeta oligomers and proinflammatory responses can be arrested with minocycline.
  
  
  METHODS
  For these studies, we used naïve mice and transgenic animal models of the AD-like amyloid pathology and applied neurochemical, immunohistochemical and behavioral experimental approaches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the early stages of the AD-like amyloid pathology, intracellular Abeta oligomers accumulate within neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Coincidental with this, behavioral impairments occur prior to the appearance of amyloid plaques, together with an upregulation of MHC-II, i-NOS and COX-2, well-known proinflammatory markers. Treatment with minocycline corrected behavioral impairments, lowered inflammatory markers and levels of Abeta trimers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A pharmacological approach targeting the early neuroinflammatory effects of Abeta might be a promising strategy to prevent or delay the onset of AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada. claudio.cuello@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cuello
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Iulita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Melis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ducatenzeiler
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Canneva
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides