title: Comanagement of hospitalized surgical patients by medicine physicians in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comanagement of surgical patients by medicine physicians (generalist physicians or internal medicine subspecialists) has been shown to improve efficiency and to reduce adverse outcomes. We examined the extent to which comanagement is used during hospitalizations for common surgical procedures in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries hospitalized for 1 of 15 inpatient surgical procedures from 1996 to 2006 (n = 694 806). We also calculated the proportion of Medicare beneficiaries comanaged by medicine physicians (generalist physicians or internal medicine subspecialists) during hospitalization. Comanagement was defined by relevant physicians (generalist or internal medicine subspecialist) submitting a claim for evaluation and management services on 70% or more of the days that the patients were hospitalized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1996 and 2006, 35.2% of patients hospitalized for a common surgical procedure were comanaged by a medicine physician: 23.7% by a generalist physician and 14% by an internal medicine subspecialist (2.5% were comanaged by both). The percentage of patients experiencing comanagement was relatively unchanged from 1996 to 2000 and then increased sharply. The increase was entirely attributable to a surge in comanagement by generalist physicians. In a multivariable multilevel analysis, comanagement by generalist physicians increased 11.4% per year from 2001 to 2006. Patients with advanced age, with more comorbidities, or receiving care in nonteaching, midsize (200-499 beds), or for-profit hospitals were more likely to receive comanagement. All of the growth in comanagement was attributed to increased comanagement by hospitalist physicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical comanagement of Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for a surgical procedure is increasing because of the increasing role of hospitalists. To meet this growing need for comanagement, training in internal medicine should include medical management of surgical patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, 301 University Blvd., University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0561, USA. gulshan.sharma@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Gulshan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Yong-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Dong D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Goodwin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005194:Family Practice / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D020445:Hospitalists / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States