title: Multiple levels of analysis in psychotherapy research.
abstract: Psychotherapy research can be thought to involve multiple levels of analysis: client, therapist, and group. The authors argue that such research would benefit from the application of multilevel modeling. They illustrate the use of such a procedure for research studies of individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, and rolling group psychotherapy and provide SPSS syntax for all three cases. Psychotherapy is an inherently social process. Individual therapy involves a very complicated interaction between a client and therapist. Group therapy involves relationships between a therapist and each of the clients as well as relationships between clients. It is critical that the analysis of psychotherapy data explicitly recognize these interpersonal aspects of psychotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06260-1020, USA. david.kenny@uconn.edu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Hoyt
mesh_terms: D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*