Avertable deaths associated with household income in Virginia.
OBJECTIVE
We estimated how many deaths would be averted if the entire population of Virginia experienced the mortality rates of the 5 most affluent counties or cities.


METHODS
Using census data and vital statistics for the years 1990 through 2006, we applied the mortality rates of the 5 counties/cities with the highest median household income to the populations of all counties and cities in the state.


RESULTS
If the mortality rates of the reference population had applied to the entire state, 24.3% of deaths in Virginia from 1990 through 2006 (range = 21.8%-28.1%) would not have occurred. An annual mean of 12 954 deaths would have been averted (range = 10 548-14 569), totaling 220 211 deaths from 1990 through 2006. In some of the most disadvantaged areas of the state, nearly half of deaths would have been averted.


CONCLUSIONS
Favorable conditions that exist in areas with high household incomes exert a major influence on mortality rates. The corollary-that health suffers when society is exposed to economic stresses-is especially timely amid the current recession. Further research must clarify the extent to which individual-level factors (e.g., earnings, education, race, health insurance) and community characteristics can improve health outcomes.
Woolf
Steven H
SH
VCU Center on Human Needs, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0251, USA. swoolf@vcu.edu
Jones
Resa M
RM
Johnson
Robert E
RE
Phillips
Robert L
RL
Oliver
M Norman
MN
Bazemore
Andrew
A
Vichare
Anushree
A
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D012737:Sex Factors; D014768:Virginia / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult