title: Noradrenaline increases the expression and release of Hsp72 by human neutrophils.
abstract: The blood concentration of extracellular 72kDa heat shock protein (eHsp72) increases under conditions of stress, including intense exercise. However, the signal(s), source(s), and secretory pathways in its release into the bloodstream have yet to be clarified. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of noradrenaline (NA) as a stress signal on the expression and release of Hsp72 by circulating neutrophils (as a source), all within a context of the immunophysiological regulation during exercise-induced stress in sedentary and healthy young (21-26years) women. The expression of Hsp72 on the surface of isolated neutrophils was determined by flow cytometry, and its release by cultured isolated neutrophils was determined by ELISA. Incubation with cmHsp70-FITC showed that neutrophils express Hsp72 on their surface under basal conditions. In addition, cultured isolated neutrophils (37 degrees C and 5% CO(2)) also released Hsp72 under basal conditions, with this release increasing from 10min to 24h in the absence of cell damage. NA at 10(-9)-10(-5)M doubled the percentage of neutrophils expressing Hsp72 after 60min and 24h incubation. NA also stimulated (by about 20%) the release of Hsp72 after 10min of incubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Hsp72 is expressed on the surface of isolated neutrophils under basal conditions, and this expression is augmented by NA. (2) Isolated neutrophils can also release Hsp72 under cultured basal conditions in the absence of cell death, and NA can increase this release. These results may contribute to confirming the hypothesis that NA can act as a "stress signal" for the increased eHsp72 in the context of exercise stress, with a role for neutrophils as a source for the expression and, to a lesser degree, the release of Hsp72 after activation by NA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giraldo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Multhoff
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortega
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; D009638:Norepinephrine