title: Direct presentation is sufficient for an efficient anti-viral CD8+ T cell response.
abstract: The extent to which direct- and cross-presentation (DP and CP) contribute to the priming of CD8(+) T cell (T(CD8+)) responses to viruses is unclear mainly because of the difficulty in separating the two processes. Hence, while CP in the absence of DP has been clearly demonstrated, induction of an anti-viral T(CD8+) response that excludes CP has never been purposely shown. Using vaccinia virus (VACV), which has been used as the vaccine to rid the world of smallpox and is proposed as a vector for many other vaccines, we show that DP is the main mechanism for the priming of an anti-viral T(CD8+) response. These findings provide important insights to our understanding of how one of the most effective anti-viral vaccines induces immunity and should contribute to the development of novel vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ren-Huan
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Sanda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Remakus
authors.forename: Xueying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Felicia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roscoe
authors.forename: Luis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Sigal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D002460:Cell Line; D045142:Cross-Priming / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D020297:Mice, Congenic; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010047:Ovalbumin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; C110366:OVA-8; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D010047:Ovalbumin