title: Risk factors for development of new-onset diabetes mellitus in pediatric renal transplant recipients: an analysis of the OPTN/UNOS database.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) after kidney transplant in pediatric renal transplant recipients using Organ Procurement Transplant Network/United Network of Organ Sharing database.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2726 nondiabetic primary kidney transplant recipients (age 2-20 years, transplanted between July 2004 and December 2007) in the Organ Procurement Transplant Network/United Network of Organ Sharing database as of August 2008 with at least one follow-up report were included. We examined the risk factors for NODM using multivariate Cox regression analysis using the time to NODM reported as a time-varying endpoint. In recipients with functional graft at 1 year after transplant, the graft survivals during subsequent 24 months were compared according to the presence of NODM within first year of transplant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NODM was reported in 4.6% (median follow-up time: 693 days). Independent risk factors for NODM included increased age (>10 years vs. <10 years, hazard ratio [HR]=2.143, P=0.015), abnormal body mass index percentile (<5% or >85% vs. 5%-85%, HR=1.697, P=0.01), and steroid use at discharge (yes vs. no, HR=3.573, P=0.03). Living donor transplant was associated with a decreased risk of NODM (living vs. deceased, HR=0.629, P=0.05). NODM within first year of transplant was not associated with inferior graft survival during subsequent 24 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some of the identified risk factors for NODM are potentially modifiable, including abnormal body mass index percentile and the use of steroid. Prospective clinical trials are needed to assess whether modifying these risk factors will prevent NODM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hung-Tien
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Poommipanit
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.forename: Pavani
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Yong W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Suphamai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bunnapradist
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D018579:Patient Selection; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult