Orientation-resolved 3d(5/2) binding energy shift of Rh and Pd surfaces: anisotropy of the skin-depth lattice strain and quantum trapping.
Incorporating the BOLS correlation algorithm [Y. Sun, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2009, 113, 14696] into high-resolution XPS measurements [J. N. Andersen, et al., Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 1994, 50, 17525; A. Baraldi, et al., New J. Phys., 2007, 9, 143] has produced an effective way of determining the 3d(5/2) energy levels of isolated Rh(302.163 +/- 0.003 eV) and Pd (330.261 +/- 0.004 eV eV) atoms and their respective bulk shifts (4.367 and 4.359 eV) with a refinement of the effective atomic coordination numbers of the top (100), (110), and (111) atomic layers (4.00, 3.87, and 4.26, respectively). It is further confirmed that the shorter and stronger bonds between under-coordinated atoms induce local strain and skin-depth charge-and-energy quantum trapping and, hence, dictate globally the positive core level binding energy shifts.
Wang
Yan
Y
School of Physics and Microelectronics Science, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
Nie
Yan Guang
YG
Pan
Ji Sheng
JS
Pan
L K
LK
Sun
Zhuo
Z
Wang
Ling Ling
LL
Sun
Chang Q
CQ