title: Nanostructured rough gold electrodes for the development of lactate oxidase-based biosensors.
abstract: The design and characterization of a lactate biosensor using a nanostructured rough gold surface as a transducer is reported. The biosensor is developed by immobilization of lactate oxidase (LOx), on a rough gold electrode modified with a self-assembled monolayer of dithiobis-N-succinimidyl propionate (DTSP). This bifunctional reagent preserves the rough gold structure and allows further covalent immobilization of the enzyme through the terminal succinimidyl groups. The rough gold electrode is characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The preferential orientation and average crystallite size are obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The resulting lactate oxidase monolayers are characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This nanostructured transducer allows higher mediated electrocatalytic activity than polycrystalline ones. The biosensor response to increasing lactate concentrations, using hydroxymethylferrocene as a redox mediator in solution, is linear up to 1.2 mM with a sensitivity of 1.49 microA mM(-1).
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physical Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gamero
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pariente
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alonso
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D017097:Electric Impedance; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D006046:Gold; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013388:Succinimides; D013499:Surface Properties; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D013388:Succinimides; D019344:Lactic Acid; D006046:Gold; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C021497:lactate 2-monooxygenase; C011240:dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate)