title: Notch signaling influences neuroprotective and proliferative properties of mature Müller glia.
abstract: Notch signaling is known to play important roles during retinal development. Recently, Notch signaling has been shown to be active in proliferating Müller glia in acutely damaged chick retina (Hayes et al., 2007). However, the roles of Notch in mature, undamaged retina remain unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of the Notch-signaling pathway in the postnatal retina. Here we show that components of the Notch-signaling pathway are expressed in most Müller glia at low levels in undamaged retina. The expression of Notch-related genes varies during early postnatal development and across regions, with higher expression in peripheral versus central retina. Blockade of Notch activity with a small molecule inhibitor before damage was protective to retinal interneurons (amacrine and bipolar cells) and projection neurons (ganglion cells). In the absence of damage, Notch is upregulated in retinas treated with insulin and FGF2; the combination of these factors is known to stimulate the proliferation and dedifferentiation of Müller glia (Fischer et al., 2002b). Inhibition of Notch signaling during FGF2 treatment reduces levels of the downstream effectors of the MAPK-signaling pathway-p38 MAPK and pCREB in Müller glia. Further, inhibition of Notch activity potently inhibits FGF2-induced proliferation of Müller glia. Together, our data indicate that Notch signaling is downstream of, and is required for, FGF2/MAPK signaling to drive the proliferation of Müller glia. In addition, our data suggest that low levels of Notch signaling in Müller glia diminish the neuroprotective activities of these glial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Kanika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghai
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zelinka
authors.forename: Andy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D025042:Amacrine Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051245:Retinal Bipolar Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1; D014280:Triglycerides; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C489734:Hes1 protein, mouse; C489685:Hes5 protein, mouse; C057077:1,2-dilinolenoyl-3-(4-aminobutyryl)propane-1,2,3-triol