title: Physical and chemical properties of new-generation endodontic materials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), white and gray, has many uses in endodontic therapy but is limited by its difficult handling characteristics. This study compared the physical and chemical properties of white MTA (WMTA) with three experimental root-end filling materials: Capasio (Primus Consulting, Bradenton, FL), Ceramicrete-D (Tulsa Dental Specialties/Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL), and Generex-A (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK).
  
  
  METHODS
  The setting time and radiopacity were tested using International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6876 methods. Compressive strength was measured following the ISO 9917 method. The pH of the materials was measured after mixing. A novel test was developed for washout resistance of the materials immediately after placement. Data were compared by analysis of variance and Sidak post hoc analysis (p<0.05) for compressive strength and washout resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The setting time of Generex-A was half that of WMTA. All materials met the ISO 6876 requirements for radiopacity. The compressive strengths after 7 days decreased in this order: Generex-A>Capasio>WMTA>Ceramicrete-D. The initial pH of Capasio and Generex-A were alkaline, similar to WMTA, whereas that of Ceramicrete-D was acidic. Significantly, alternative materials remained in situ after the washout test, whereas WMTA was displaced from the retropreparations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical handling and washout resistance of the alternative materials were far superior to WMTA. The radiopacity, compressive strength, and washout resistance make Generex-A and Capasio materials suitable for further study. Ceramicrete-D was weaker, less radiopaque, and initially acidic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Micah L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertó
authors.forename: Carolyn M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Primus
authors.forename: Ikuya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003287:Contrast Media; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C550707:capasio; C526968:ceramicrete; C550708:generex-A; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate