title: Plantar fascia evaluation with a dedicated magnetic resonance scanner in weight-bearing position: our experience in patients with plantar fasciitis and in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the usefulness of upright weight-bearing examination of the ankle/hind foot performed with a dedicated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging scanner in the evaluation of the plantar fascia in healthy volunteers and in patients with clinical evidence of plantar fasciitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January and March 2009, 20 patients with clinical evidence of plantar fasciitis (group A) and a similar number of healthy volunteers (group B) underwent MR imaging of the ankle/hind foot in the upright weight-bearing and conventional supine position. A 0.25-Tesla MR scanner (G-Scan, Esaote SpA, Genoa, Italy) was used with a dedicated receiving coil for the ankle/hind foot. Three radiologists, blinded to patients' history and clinical findings, assessed in consensus morphological and dimensional changes and signal intensity alterations on images acquired in both positions, in different sequences and in different planes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group A, MR imaging confirmed the diagnosis in 15/20 cases; in 4/15 cases, a partial tear of the plantar fascia was identified in the upright weight-bearing position alone. In the remaining 5/20 cases in group A and in all cases in group B, the plantar fascia showed no abnormal signal intensity. Because of the increased stretching of the plantar fascia, in all cases in group A and B, thickness in the proximal third was significantly reduced (p<0.0001) under upright weight-bearing compared with the supine position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imaging the ankle/hind foot in the upright weight-bearing position with a dedicated MR scanner and a dedicated coil might enable the identification of partial tears of the plantar fascia, which could be overlooked in the supine position.
authors.affiliation: DIBIMEL, Sezione di Scienze Radiologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127, Palermo, Italy. raffaello.sutera@alice.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sutera
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iovane
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sorrentino
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Candela
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mularo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: La Tona
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Midiri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media; D036981:Fasciitis, Plantar / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056888:Patient Positioning; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media