title: Succinylated gelatin substantially increases en bloc resection size in colonic EMR: a randomized, blinded trial in a porcine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Succinylated gelatin (SG) is an inexpensive colloid that may combine ease of use with the advantages of a colloid to potentially increase EMR specimen size, leading to a higher rate of en bloc resection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and impact on EMR specimen size of SG as a submucosal (s.m.) injectant in comparison with normal saline solution (NS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, blinded, controlled trial conducted with Animal Ethics Committee approval.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten swine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty EMRs (30 using SG vs 30 using NS as 3 paired experiments per animal) of the largest possible en bloc snare resection of normal colonic mucosa after s.m. injection of a fixed volume of either SG or NS.
  
  
  METHODS
  EMR specimen size, duration of s.m. cushion, duration of procedure, ratio of vertical elevation to lateral spread of injectant, ease of resection, adverse effects, perforation, histopathology of EMR sites in colectomy specimens at necropsy (for inflammatory cell content, depth of ulceration, and vascular or ischemic changes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean subject weight was 53 kg. The mean EMR specimen dimensions and surface area were significantly larger with SG (length 37 vs 31 mm, P = .031; width 32 vs 26 mm, P = .022; surface area 9.5 cm(2) vs 6.7 cm(2), P = .044, respectively). The median s.m. cushion duration was 60 minutes with SG versus 15 minutes with NS (P = .005). The median procedure duration with SG was 2.6 minutes vs 2.5 minutes with NS (P = .515). The ratio of vertical elevation to lateral spread of injectant (mean score on a 3-point scale) was 3 with SG versus 2 with NS (P = .228). Ease of resection score (mean score on a 10-point scale) was 8 with SG versus 7 with NS (P = .216). There were no systemic adverse effects, hypersensitivity reactions, or bleeding episodes. There were 2 perforations (treated with clips) with SG and 1 with NS (P = 1.0). Blinded histopathologist assessment of necropsy colectomy specimens did not identify any significant differences between SG and NS EMR sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Animal study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SG is safe and results in a 42% increased surface area for en bloc EMR. Given its other favorable properties, it represents a significant step toward defining the ideal EMR solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bourke
authors.forename: Vu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Kayla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hopper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000601:surgery*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods; D005780:Gelatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000601:surgery*; D023421:Models, Animal; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011097:Polygeline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013386:Succinates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D013386:Succinates; C060085:succinylated gelatin; D005780:Gelatin; D011097:Polygeline