title: Role of JNK activation in pancreatic beta-cell death by streptozotocin.
abstract: c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated by cellular stress and plays critical roles in diverse types of cell death. However, role of JNK in beta-cell injury is obscure. We investigated the role for JNK in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced beta-cell death. STZ induced JNK activation in insulinoma or islet cells. JNK inhibitors attenuated insulinoma or islet cell death by STZ. STZ-induced JNK activation was decreased by PARP inhibitors, suggesting that JNK activation is downstream of PARP-1. Phosphatase inhibitors induced activation of JNK and abrogated the suppression of STZ-induced JNK activation by PARP inhibitors, suggesting that the inhibition of phosphatases is involved in the activation of JNK by STZ. STZ induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as potential inhibitors of phosphatases, which was suppressed by PARP inhibitors. PARP-1 siRNA attenuated insulinoma cell death and JNK activation after STZ treatment, which was reversed by MKP (MAP kinase phosphatase)-1 siRNA. These results suggest that JNK is activated by STZ downstream of PARP-1 through inactivation of phosphatases such as MKP, which plays important roles in STZ-induced beta-cell death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hwanju
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.forename: Jae Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Sunshin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Moon-Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kwang-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong-Woon
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Solinas
authors.forename: Soung Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myung-Shik
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013311:Streptozocin; C499321:Parp1 protein, mouse; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases