title: Ultrashort echo time MR imaging of osteochondral junction of the knee at 3 T: identification of anatomic structures contributing to signal intensity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To image cartilage-bone interfaces in naturally occurring and experimentally prepared human cartilage-bone specimens at 3 T by using ultrashort echo time (TE) (UTE) and conventional pulse sequences to (a) determine the appearance of the signal intensity patterns and (b) identify the structures contributing to signal intensity on the UTE MR images.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was exempted by the institutional review board, and informed consent was not required. Five cadaveric (mean age, 86 years +/- 4) patellae were imaged by using proton density-weighted fat-suppressed (repetition time msec/TE msec, 2300/34), T1-weighted (700/10), and UTE (300/0.008, 6.6, with or without dual-inversion preparations at inversion time 1 = 135 msec and inversion time 2 = 95 msec) sequences. The UTE images were compared with proton density-weighted fat-suppressed and T1-weighted images and were evaluated by two radiologists. To identify the sources of signal on the UTE images, samples including specific combinations of tissues (uncalcified cartilage [UCC] only, calcified cartilage [CC] and subchondral bone [bone] [CC/bone], bone only; and UCC, CC, and bone [UCC/CC/bone]) were prepared and imaged by using the UTE sequence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the UTE MR images, all patellar sections exhibited a high-intensity linear signal near the osteochondral junction, which was not visible on protein density-weighted fat-suppressed or T1-weighted images. In some sections, focal regions of thickened or diminished signal intensity were also found. In the prepared samples, UCC only, CC/bone, and UCC/CC/bone samples exhibited high signal intensity on the UTE images, whereas bone-only samples did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that the high signal intensity on UTE images of human articular joints originates from the CC and the deepest layer of the UCC, without a definite contribution from subchondral bone. UTE sequences may provide a way of evaluating abnormalities at or near the osteochondral junction. (c) RSNA, 2010.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering and Department of Radiology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California-San Diego, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
authors.forename: Won C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Jerry R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dwek
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Znamirowski
authors.forename: Sheronda M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Statum
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hermida
authors.forename: Darryl D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: D'Lima
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sah
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Christine B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010329:Patella / Q000033:anatomy & histology