title: An international perspective on ultrasound training and use for thyroid and parathyroid disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Use of ultrasound (USN) by endocrine surgeons has dramatically increased. Presently, optimal training and certification requirements have not been standardized at any level (resident/fellow/attending). We sought to define the types of USN training endocrine surgeons receive and how USN is employed in practice. We hypothesized that in more recent years fellowship-trained endocrine surgeons were more likely to receive formal training in the use of USN during their endocrine surgery fellowship.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey link was sent via email to a large group of endocrine surgeons around the world asking about the settings in which they received USN training, the type of instruction received, current use of USN, and other various questions. chi(2) analysis was performed and P < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-one surveys were collected from respondents in 27 countries. Median time from completion of residency to the present was 17 years (range = 2-49). Fifty-nine percent of both fellowship- and nonfellowship-trained endocrine surgeons currently use USN in their practice. Of those currently performing USN, 38% reported no USN training of any kind (47% international vs. 23% United States). USN experience among international and U.S. residents was not different (P = 0.27). Fifty-nine percent of respondents reported completing an endocrine surgery fellowship; of those, 85% reported no formal USN training. Forty-one percent reported not being comfortable performing USN at the completion of their endocrine surgery fellowships, requiring the presence of someone else to assist with the exam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  USN training among endocrine surgeons varies widely around the world. Despite an increase in the number of formal endocrine surgery fellowships offered, it does not appear that the number with formal USN training and certification has increased. Formal USN certification is achieved in only a minority of cases among practicing endocrine surgeons. It is currently unknown whether there is a difference in competency between endocrine surgeons with formal versus informal USN training.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrine Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. barbram@umich.edu
authors.forename: Barbra S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Gauger
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Broome
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Burney
authors.forename: Gerard M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Doherty
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010279:Parathyroid Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*