title: Cardioprotective effects of a selective B(2) receptor agonist of bradykinin post-acute myocardial infarct.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cardioprotective benefits of bradykinin are attributable to activation of its B(2) receptor (B(2)R)-mediated actions and abolished by B(2)R antagonists. The current experiments evaluated the cardioprotective potential of a potent, long-acting B(2)R-selective agonist peptide analogue of bradykinin, the compound NG291.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the extent of cardiac tissue damage and remodeling and expression pattern of selected genes in mice submitted to acute myocardial infarct (MI) and treated for 1 week with either NG291 [Hyp(3),Thi(5),(N)Chg(7),Thi(8)]-bradykinin or with saline delivered via osmotic minipump.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Active treatment resulted in better ejection fraction (EF) 69 +/- 1% vs. 61 +/- 3.1% (P = 0.01), (vs. 85 +/- 1.3% in sham-operated controls), fractional shortening (FS) 38 +/- 4% vs. 32 +/- 8% (NS) (vs. 53 +/- 1.2 in sham-operated controls), and fewer markers of myocyte apoptosis (TUNEL-positive nuclei 4.9 +/- 1.1% vs. 9.7 +/- 0.03%, P = 0.03). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) at end point was normal at 110 +/- 4.2 in actively treated mice, but tended to be lower at 104 +/- 4.7 mm Hg in saline controls with decreased cardiac systolic capacity. Expression patterns of selected genes to factors related to tissue injury, inflammation, and metabolism (i.e., the B(1)R, B(2)R, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), TNF-alpha, cardiomyopathy-associated 3 (Cmya3), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4 (PDK4)) showed that acute MI induced significant upregulation of these genes, and active treatment prevented or attenuated this upregulation, whereas the B(2)R agonist itself produced no difference in the myocardium of sham-operated mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with a selective B(2)R agonist initiated at the time of induction of acute MI in mice had a beneficial effect on cardiac function, tissue remodeling, and inflammation-related tissue gene expression, which may explain its structural and functional benefits.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marketou
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kintsurashvili
authors.forename: Kyriakos N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Papanicolaou
authors.forename: Hector A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lucero
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gavras
authors.forename: Haralambos
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gavras
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2 / Q000819:agonists*; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C500305:XIRP2 protein, mouse; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D001920:Bradykinin