title: Extent and time course of pain intensity upon treatment with a topical diclofenac sodium patch versus placebo in acute traumatic injury based on a validated end point: post hoc analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the extent and time course of pain intensity upon treatment with a topical diclofenac patch compared with placebo in acute traumatic sport injury based on a validated and established end point.
  
  
  METHODS
  Post hoc analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre, 1-week study in 120 patients with traumatic blunt soft tissue injury. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores (in millimetres) for pain on movement were analysed. The mean absolute VAS changes in pain intensity from baseline over the study course were calculated for the diclofenac patch formulation (active) and placebo; mean differences between active and placebo were assessed twice daily during the first 3 days after enrolment and then once daily up to day 7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diclofenac patch was consistently superior to placebo in relieving pain. The mean differences compared with placebo were greatest on day 2 (23.6 - 30.6 mm, p < 0.0001) and day 3 (24.5 - 24.6 mm, p < 0.0001). Diminishing differences were observed over the study course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The investigated diclofenac sodium patch provides clinically relevant pain relief in patients with acute traumatic injuries. Maximum effects versus placebo are detected at 2 - 3 days post-injury. This analysis may serve as useful information for the planning of clinical trials in acute traumatic injury.
authors.affiliation: Technical University, Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 27, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Edgar.Mueller@tu-dresden.de
authors.forename: Edgar A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kirch
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reiter
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004008:Diclofenac