title: Association of matrix metalloproteinase 9 genotypes and cardiovascular disease risk factors with serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 concentrations in Taiwanese individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Circulating concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) are associated with cardiovascular disease mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. We investigated the determinants of MMP-9 concentrations by analyzing MMP-9 genotypes and risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 596 individuals were recruited for this study. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with coverage of the MMP-9 gene region were analyzed; and two genotypes, rs3918242-TT and rs2274756-AA, which were in nearly complete linkage disequilibrium, were associated with higher MMP-9 values (p=0.007 and p=0.008, respectively). In age- and gender-adjusted regression models, MMP-9 concentrations were positively associated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and triglyceride concentrations, fasting serum insulin, fasting plasma glucose, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and serum amyloid A. By multivariate analysis, rs2274756 genotypes, age, smoking status, fibrinogen and fasting plasma glucose concentrations were all independently associated with MMP-9 (p=0.007, p=0.033, p=0.003, p=0.013, and p=0.012, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rs2274756-AA and rs3918242-TT genotypes, younger age, current smoking status and increased fasting plasma glucose, and fibrinogen concentrations were independently associated with high serum MMP-9 concentrations in Taiwanese individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei branch, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Semon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lung-An
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Ming-Sheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Jeng Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hsien-Hsun
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Pi-Yueh
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chiao-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yu-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005340:Fibrinogen; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9