title: 11C-PiB PET assessment of change in fibrillar amyloid-beta load in patients with Alzheimer's disease treated with bapineuzumab: a phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carbon-11-labelled Pittsburgh compound B ((11)C-PiB) PET is a marker of cortical fibrillar amyloid-beta load in vivo. We used (11)C-PiB PET to investigate whether bapineuzumab, a humanised anti-amyloid-beta monoclonal antibody, would reduce cortical fibrillar amyloid-beta load in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease were randomly assigned to receive intravenous bapineuzumab or placebo in a ratio of seven to three in three ascending dose groups (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg). Each dose group was enrolled after safety review of the previous group. Randomisation was by interactive voice response system; masking was achieved with numbered kit allocation. Patients, investigators, study site personnel, sponsor staff, and carers were masked to treatment. Patients received up to six infusions, 13 weeks apart, and had (11)C-PiB PET scans at baseline and at weeks 20, 45, and 78. The primary outcome was the difference between the pooled bapineuzumab group and the pooled placebo group in mean change from screening to week 78 in (11)C-PiB cortical to cerebellar retention ratio averaged across six cortical regions of interest. Analysis was by modified intention to treat. This study is registered with EudraCT, number 2004-004120-12; ISRCTN17517446.
  
  
  RESULTS
  28 patients were assigned to bapineuzumab (n=20) or placebo (n=8). 19 patients in the bapineuzumab group and seven in the placebo group were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Estimated mean (11)C-PiB retention ratio change from baseline to week 78 was -0.09 (95% CI -0.16 to -0.02; p=0.014) in the bapineuzumab group and 0.15 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.28; p=0.022) in the placebo group. Estimated mean difference in (11)C-PiB retention ratio change from baseline to week 78 between the bapineuzumab group and the placebo group was -0.24 (95% CI -0.39 to -0.09; p=0.003). Differences between the bapineuzumab group and the placebo group in the individual regions of interest were similar to the overall mean difference. Adverse events were typically mild to moderate in severity and transient. Two patients in the 2.0 mg/kg bapineuzumab group had transient cerebral vasogenic oedema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with bapineuzumab for 78 weeks reduced cortical (11)C-PiB retention compared with both baseline and placebo. (11)C-PiB PET seems to be useful in assessing the effects of potential Alzheimer's disease treatments on cortical fibrillar amyloid-beta load in vivo.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Elan Pharmaceuticals and Wyeth Research.
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre and Clinical Research Services Turku, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. juha.rinne@tyks.fi
authors.forename: Juha O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Rinne
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Martin N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Rossor
authors.forename: Nick C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bullock
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Klunk
authors.forename: Chester A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mathis
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barakos
authors.forename: Aren A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Okello
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodriguez Martinez de Liano
authors.forename: Enchi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: Keith M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grundman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013844:Thiazoles; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C475519:2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D013844:Thiazoles; C545458:bapineuzumab