title: Resorbable bioactive ceramic for treatment of bone infection.
abstract: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads have been widely used in the treatment of bone infection over the last three decades. Although PMMA does offer a mechanism to quickly and effectively administer a localized dose of antibiotic to the site of infection, its efficacy is limited by its nonresorbability and nonbioactivity. Resorbable bioactive silica-calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC75) was investigated as a novel controlled release carrier of vancomycin for the treatment of osteomyelitis. SCPC75 particles adsorbed significantly higher amount of vancomycin compared with PMMA. Moreover, SCPC75 provided a sustained release kinetics of therapeutic dose of vancomycin up to 35 days. The novel resorbable ceramic was able to release 95.5% of the adsorbed drug in an average dose of 12 microg/mL/day over 480 h (35 days). In conjunction with the sustained drug release, a controlled dissolution rate that led to 40% mass loss of SCPC75 was observed. On the other hand, PMMA provided a sustained release of a therapeutic dose of vancomycin for 14 days after which minimal concentration of the drug was detected. Moreover, PMMA retained 32% of the drug adsorbed onto its surface. The SCPC-vancomycin implant can serve a dual function: provide a sustained therapeutic dose of antibiotic to eradicate infection and stimulate bone cell differentiation and new bone formation. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, USA. arelgha@uncc.edu
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Ghannam
authors.forename: Kiarash
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jahed
authors.forename: Meera
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Govindaswami
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D007239:Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008422:Materials Testing; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004337:Drug Carriers; D017640:Silicates; C499768:silica-calcium phosphate nanocomposite; D014640:Vancomycin; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate