title: Functions of type II pneumocyte-derived vascular endothelial growth factor in alveolar structure, acute inflammation, and vascular permeability.
abstract: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) is a potent regulator of vascular permeability, inflammatory response, and cell survival in the lung. To explore the functions of VEGF produced locally in type II pneumocytes, we generated mice with a conditional deletion of VEGF-A using Cre recombinase driven by the human surfactant protein C (SPC) promoter. In 7- to 10-week-old VEGF-knockout (SPC-VEGF-KO) mice, lung histology and physiology were essentially normal, except for higher dynamic lung compliance and lower pulmonary vascular permeability. Emphysema was seen in 28- to 32-week-old animals. To investigate the role of type II pneumocyte-derived VEGF in acute lung injury, we challenged 7- to 10-week-old SPC-VEGF-KO mice and their wild-type littermates with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid total cell count, pulmonary permeability, and lung injury score were significantly attenuated, and total lung VEGF levels were significantly lower in SPC-VEGF-KO mice compared with wild-type controls. In SPC-VEGF-KO mice, activated caspase 3-positive type II epithelial cells were increased after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion, even though there was no significant difference in the total number of cells positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling. We conclude that VEGF in type II cells helps protect alveolar epithelial cells from caspase-dependent apoptosis. However, VEGF produced from type II cells may contribute to increased vascular permeability during acute lung injury.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, M5G 1L7, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mura
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Binnie
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chengjin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Cristiano F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiozaki
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Napoleone
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Waddell
authors.forename: Shaf
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keshavjee
authors.forename: Mingyao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D056809:Alveolar Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D018390:Gene Targeting; D005838:Genotype; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D053148:Caspase 3