title: Effect of ingesting a honey-sweetened beverage on soccer performance and exercise-induced cytokine response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the effect of a honey-sweetened beverage with those of a commercial sports drink and a placebo on performance and inflammatory response to a 90-min soccer simulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten experienced male soccer players randomly performed 3 trials (honey [H], sports drink [S], and placebo [P]), consuming the beverage before and during halftime for a total of 1.0 g/kg carbohydrate for H and S. Performance measures included 5 sets (T1-T5) of a high-intensity run and agility and ball-shooting tests followed by a final progressive shuttle-run (PSR) test to exhaustion. Blood samples were drawn pretest, posttest (B2), and 1 hr posttest (B3) for markers of inflammation, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and hormone response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T2-T5 were significantly slower than T1 (p < .05), and a decrease in PSR time was observed from baseline (-22.9%) for all treatments. No significant effect of the interventions was observed for any performance measures. Plasma IL-1ra levels increased posttest for all treatments (65.5% S, 63.9% P, and 25.8% H), but H was significantly less than S at posttest and P at B3. Other cytokines and ORAC increased at B2 (548% IL-6, 514% IL-10, 15% ORAC) with no difference by treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute ingestion of honey and a carbohydrate sports drink before and during a soccer-simulation test did not improve performance, although honey attenuated a rise in IL-1ra. Ingestion of carbohydrate and/ or antioxidant-containing beverages at frequencies typical of a regulation match may not be beneficial for trained soccer players.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0430, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Abbey
authors.forename: Janet Walberg
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Rankin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D006722:Honey; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010919:Placebos; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin; D010919:Placebos; D006854:Hydrocortisone