title: Health survey in gypsum mines in India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mining is a hazardous occupation in which workers are exposed to adverse conditions. In India, gypsum mining is mainly carried out in the state of Rajasthan, which contributes about 99% of the total production.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was carried out in 12 different gypsum mines in Rajasthan state to determine the health status of the miners.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty workers engaged in mining activities were included in the study and their health status was compared with that of 83 office staff of the same mines. The health status of the employees was evaluated using a standardized medical questionnaire and pulmonary function testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The unpaired 't' test was used to determine whether there was any significant difference between the miners and the controls and the chi-square test to compare the prevalences of various respiratory impairments in workers with that in controls; we also examined the differences between smokers and nonsmokers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our findings show that the literacy rate is low (42%) among the miners. Pulmonary restrictive impairment was significantly higher amongst smokers as compared to nonsmokers in both miners and controls. Hypertension (22.6%), diabetes (8.8%), and musculoskeletal morbidity (8%) were the common diseases in miners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that there is high morbidity amongst miners, thus indicating the need for regular health checkups, health education, use of personal protective devices, and engineering measures for control of the workplace environment.
authors.affiliation: Occupational Medicine, National Institute of Miners' Health, JNARDDC Campus, Nagpur - 440 023, India.
authors.forename: Subroto S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nandi
authors.forename: Sarang V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Dhatrak
authors.forename: Debasis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Chaterjee
authors.forename: Umesh L
authors.initials: UL
authors.lastname: Dhumne