title: Depletion of BIRC6 leads to retarded bovine early embryonic development and blastocyst formation in vitro.
abstract: Baculoviral inhibitors of apoptosis repeat-containing 6 (BIRC6) is believed to inhibit apoptosis by targeting key cell-death proteins. To understand its involvement during bovine preimplantation embryo development, two consecutive experiments were conducted by targeted knockdown of its mRNA and protein using RNA interference. In Experiment 1, the effect of BIRC6 knockdown during the early stages of preimplantation embryo development was assessed by injecting zygotes with long double-stranded RNA (ldsRNA) and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against BIRC6 mRNA followed by in vitro culturing until 96 h post insemination (hpi). The results showed that in RNA-injected zygote groups, reduced levels of BIRC6 mRNA and protein were accompanied by an increase (P < 0.05) in the proportion of 2- and 4-cell and uncleaved embryos and a corresponding decrease (P < 0.05) in the number of 8-cell embryos. In Experiment 2, the effect of BIRC6 knockdown on blastocyst formation, blastocyst total cell number and the extent of apoptosis was investigated. Consequently, zygotes injected with ldsRNA and shRNA resulted in lower (P < 0.05) blastocyst formation and total blastocyst cell number. Moreover, the apoptotic cell ratio, CASPASE 3 and 7 activity, BAX to BCL-2 ratio and levels of SMAC and CASPASE 9 were higher in blastocysts derived from the ldsRNA and shRNA groups, suggesting increased apoptosis in those blastocysts. The results of this study reveal the importance of BIRC6 expression for embryo survival during bovine preimplantation embryo development. However, whether BIRC6 is essential for implantation and fetal development during bovine pregnancy needs further research.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Dessie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salilew-Wondim
authors.forename: Micheal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hölker
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rings
authors.forename: Chirawath
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phatsara
authors.forename: Abdollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tholen
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schellander
authors.forename: Dawit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tesfaye
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002417:Cattle; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008845:Microinjections; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D034622:RNA Interference; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D012333:RNA, Messenger