title: Biomechanical shoulder loads and postures in light automotive assembly workers: Comparison between shoulder pain/no pain groups.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of workplace shoulder compensation claims resulting from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) has decreased slightly in recent years, however the median number of days off work remains unchanged, which suggests an increase in injury severity. Little information is available regarding cumulative shoulder exposures, and there is no information on their impact on shoulder pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-nine automotive seat frame assembly workers completed a questionnaire about the prevalence and severity of shoulder pain and were videotaped performing assembly tasks. 3DMatch, a posture-matching software program, was used to calculate the peak and cumulative shoulder moments and forces by matching postures seen in the video with predetermined ranges of posture to be used in the biomechanical model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 45.6% who reported shoulder pain, there was a mild correlation of pain severity with posterior shear of the shoulder. There were no significant differences in peak loads between Pain and No Pain groups; however, the No Pain group experienced significantly more cumulative caudal shear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there was no difference in percent time spent in different flexed postures between pain groups, those working some jobs may be at an increased risk of developing MSDs based on the amount of time spent in flexed postures, as well as the peak flexion moment acting on the shoulder.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Seaman
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: N R E
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Weldon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Croll
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Callaghan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011187:Posture; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014743:Videotape Recording; D016474:Weight-Bearing