title: Induced pluripotent reprogramming from promiscuous human stemness related factors.
abstract: Ectopic expression of pluripotency gene sets provokes nuclear reprogramming in permissive somatic tissue environments generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The evolutionary conserved function of stemness orthologs was here tested through interspecies transduction. A spectrum of HIV-based lentiviral vectors was designed, and point mutations in the HIV-1 capsid region identified for efficient infectivity and expanded trans-species tropism. Human pluripotent gene sequences, OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC, packaged into engineered lentiviral expression vectors achieved consistent expression in non-human fibroblasts. Despite variation in primary amino-acid sequence between species, introduction of human pluripotent genes produced cell lines with embryonic stem cell-like morphology. Transduced fibroblasts differentiated in vitro into all three germ layers according to gastrulation gene expression profiles, and formed in vivo teratoma with multi-lineage potential. Reprogrammed progeny incorporated into non-human morula to produce blastomeres capable of developing into chimeric embryos with competent organogenesis. This model system establishes a prototypic approach to examine consequences of human stemness factors induced reprogramming in the context of normal embryonic development, exploiting non-human early stage embryos. Thus, ectopic xeno-transduction across species unmasks the promiscuous nature of stemness induction, suggesting evolutionary selection of core processes for somatic tissue reprogramming.
authors.affiliation: Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez-Fernandez
authors.forename: Satsuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Amber A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mael
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terzic
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002213:Capsid / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D019070:Cell Lineage; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D054262:Gastrulation; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D038081:Organogenesis; D010375:Pedigree; D013045:Species Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D019065:Virus Assembly
chemical_list: C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; C000715468:Klf4 protein, mouse; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D014157:Transcription Factors