title: Induction of tolerance in renal transplantation using splenic transplantation: experimental study in a canine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate in a canine model the induction of tolerance to renal transplantation after splenectomy and splenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, experimental, comparative, longitudinal study included 4 experimental groups, each comprising 4 dogs. Group 1 (control group) underwent renal transplantation only; group 2 underwent renal transplantation and splenectomy; group 3 underwent renal transplantation and splenosis; and group 4 underwent renal transplantation, splenectomy, and splenosis. Survival and degree of rejection were compared between the 4 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Splenosis improved renal function after transplantation, as indicated by increased serum creatinine concentration (group 3, 6.2 mg/dL vs group 1, 12.9 mg/dL). Comparison of weighted survival curves (corrected for degree of rejection) demonstrated a significant difference between group 2 (66.0 days) and group 4 (66.2 days) vs group 1 (52.7 days) and group 3 (41.2 days) (P = .05, Wilcoxon rank sum test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that in this experimental model of renal transplantation, splenosis and splenectomy induce clinical tolerance, as indicated by improved renal function and prolonged recipient survival.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajio y Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico. drmarcoayala@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ayala-García
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Soel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Paz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cervantes
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodea
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Malacara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004285:Dogs; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013154:Spleen / Q000637:transplantation*; D013156:Splenectomy; D017890:Splenosis / Q000276:immunology*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D003404:Creatinine