title: Evaluation of hepatic damage and local immune response in goats immunized with native glutathione S-transferase of Fasciola hepatica.
abstract: Worm burden, hepatic damage and local cellular and humoral immune responses were assessed in goats immunized with glutathione-S-transferase and challenged with Fasciola hepatica. Infected but unimmunized and uninfected control groups were also studied. Hepatic damage was evaluated grossly and microscopically. Local immune response was evaluated by (1) microscopical examination of hepatic lymph nodes (HLNs); (2) analysis of the distribution of CD2(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), T-cell receptor gammadelta(+) lymphocytes and immunoglobulin (Ig) G(+) plasma cells; and (3) investigation of the distribution of cells expressing interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in the hepatic inflammatory infiltrates and HLNs. Immunized animals did not have significant reduction in fluke number, but there was significant (P<0.05) reduction of fluke size relative to the control groups. The lesions in the two infected groups were similar and consisted of fibrous perihepatitis and white tortuous tracts, mainly involving the left hepatic lobe. Microscopical lesions were similar in both infected groups and were typical of chronic fascioliosis. These included portal fibrosis, inflammatory infiltration with plasma cells, formation of lymphoid follicles, accumulation of haemosiderin-laden macrophages and granulomatous foci. Both infected groups had a marked local immune response characterized by infiltration of CD2(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and IgG(+) plasma cells in hepatic lesions and in HLNs. There was no expression of IL-4 or INF-gamma by cells in the hepatic inflammatory infiltrate, but expression of INF-gamma in HLNs was much lower than that of IL-4, suggesting an immune response dominated by T helper 2 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, University of Córdoba, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus of Rabanales, Córdoba.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zafra
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pérez-Ecija
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Buffoni
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Moreno
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Martínez-Moreno
authors.forename: M E Martínez
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Galisteo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005210:Fasciola hepatica / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D005211:Fascioliasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000276:immunology*; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D006041:Goats; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000473:pathology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007114:Immunization; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015801:Helminth Proteins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D005982:Glutathione Transferase