title: Estimation of dietary sources and flavonoid intake in a Spanish adult population (EPIC-Spain).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiologic studies have suggested associations between flavonoid intake and health benefits. Traditional Mediterranean diets consist of a high consumption of plant products rich in flavonoids.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study estimates dietary flavonoid intake and main food sources in a Mediterranean population (Spanish adults).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 40,683 subjects aged 35 to 64 years from northern and southern regions of Spain who were included in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study Spanish cohort. Usual food intake was assessed by personal interviews using a computerized version of a validated diet history method. Expanded US Department of Agriculture databases for the flavonoid, isoflavone, and proanthocyanidin content were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median and mean of total flavonoids were 269.17 and 313.26 mg/day, respectively. The most abundant flavonoid subgroup was proanthocyanidins (60.1%), followed by flavanones (16.9%), flavan-3-ols (10.3%), flavonols (5.9%), anthocyanidins (5.8%), flavones (1.1%), and isoflavones (<0.01%). The main sources of total flavonoid intake were apples (23%), red wine (21%), unspecified fruit (12.8%), and oranges (9.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results should be very useful for evaluating the relationships between flavonoid intake and several diseases.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA-INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zamora-Ros
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andres-Lacueva
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lamuela-Raventós
authors.forename: Toni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berenguer
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jakszyn
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barricarte
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ardanaz
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amiano
authors.forename: Miren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorronsoro
authors.forename: Nerea
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Larrañaga
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: María D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chirlaque
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tormo
authors.forename: J Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Quirós
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D044950:Flavanones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D013030:Spain; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D044950:Flavanones; D005419:Flavonoids; D007529:Isoflavones; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C013221:proanthocyanidin