title: Incremental prognostic value of novel left ventricular diastolic indexes for prediction of clinical outcome in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
abstract: This study examined the prognostic value of novel diastolic indexes in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (AMI), derived from strain and strain rate analysis using 2-dimensional speckle tracking imaging. Echocardiograms were obtained within 48 hours of admission in 371 consecutive patients with first ST-elevation AMI (59.7 +/- 11.6 years old). Indexes of diastolic function including mean strain rate during isovolumic relaxation (SR(IVR)), mean early diastolic strain rate (SR(E)) and mean diastolic strain at peak transmitral E wave (E) were obtained from 3 apical views. Mean early diastolic velocity from 4 basal segments by color-coded tissue Doppler imaging was measured. Indexes of diastolic filling including E/SR(IVR), E/SR(E), E/diastolic strain at E, and E/early diastolic velocity were calculated. The primary end point (composite of death, hospitalization for heart failure, repeat MI, and repeat revascularization) occurred in 84 patients (22.6%) during a mean follow-up of 17.3 +/- 12.2 months. Mean SR(IVR) (p <0.001), multivessel disease (p <0.001), Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade 0 to 1 flow after percutaneous coronary intervention (p = 0.004), and left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.008) were independent predictors of the combined end point on Cox regression analysis. Mean SR(IVR) showed incremental prognostic value over baseline clinical and echocardiographic variables (global chi-square increase from 41.0 to 51.6, p <0.001). After dividing patient population based on median SR(IVR), patients with SR(IVR) < or =0.24/second had significantly higher event rates than others (hazard ratio 2.74, 95% confidence interval 1.61 to 4.67, p <0.001). In conclusion, SR(IVR) was incremental to left ventricular ejection fraction, Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade 0 to 1 flow after percutaneous coronary intervention, and multivessel disease and superior to other diastolic indexes in predicting future cardiovascular events after AMI. SR(IVR) may be useful in identifying high-risk patients soon after AMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shanks
authors.forename: Arnold C T
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Nico R L
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: van de Veire
authors.forename: M Louisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Antoni
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertini
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nucifora
authors.forename: Eduard R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Holman
authors.forename: Jonathan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Choy
authors.forename: Dominic Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schalij
authors.forename: Jeroen J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*