title: Evaluation of Computer-aided Strategies for Teaching Medical Students Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnostic Skills.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether computer-based learning (CBL) improves newly acquired knowledge and is an effective strategy for teaching prenatal ultrasound diagnostic skills to third-year medical students when compared with instruction by traditional paper-based methods (PBM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized, prospective study involving volunteer junior (3(rd) year) medical students consecutively rotating through the Obstetrics and Gynecology clerkship during six months of the 2005-2006 academic year. The students were randomly assigned to permuted blocks and divided into two groups. Half of the participants received instruction in prenatal ultrasound diagnostics using an interactive CBL program; the other half received instruction using equivalent material by the traditional PBM. Outcomes were evaluated by comparing changes in pre-tutorial and post instruction examination scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 36 potential participants (100%) completed the study curriculum. Students were divided equally between the CBL (n = 18) and PBM (n = 18) groups. Pre-tutorial exam scores (mean+/-s.d.) were 44%+/-11.1% for the CBL group and 44%+/-10.8% for the PBL cohort, indicating no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between the two groups. After instruction, post-tutorial exam scores (mean+/-s.d.) were increased from the pre-tutorial scores, 74%+/-11% and 67%+/-12%, for students in the CBL and the PBM groups, respectively. The improvement in post-tutorial exam scores from the pre-test scores was considered significant (p<0.05). When post-test scores for the tutorial groups were compared, the CBL subjects achieved a score that was, on average, 7 percentage points higher than their PBM counterparts, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Instruction by either CBL or PBM strategies is associated with improvements in newly acquired knowledge as reflected by increased post-tutorial examination scores. Students that received CBL had significantlyhigher post-tutorial exam scores than those in the PBM group, indicating that CBL is an effective instruction strategy in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Amesse
authors.forename: Ealena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Callendar
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pfaff-Amesse
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duke
authors.forename: William N P
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Herbert