title: Low-dose but not high-dose prostaglandin E(1) improves the histological outcome of severe forebrain ischemia in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) has been shown to provide short-term neuroprotection against various types of brain ischemia in a dose-dependent manner in mice. However, these findings were obtained from experiments performed without any control over physiological parameters. We performed an outcome study where physiological parameters were controlled in an attempt to confirm the dose-dependant neuroprotective effects of PGE(1).
  
  
  METHODS
  A rat model of severe forebrain ischemia was used. Two doses of PGE(1) were administered during the pre-ischemic period, a low dose (LowPG group) and a high dose (HighPG group). Normotension was maintained in the LowPG group, while hypotension was induced in the HighPG group. In separate groups, normal saline (Control) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were infused to compare outcomes under similar blood pressure conditions. Histological outcomes in the hippocampal CA1 and entorhinal cortex were evaluated 5 days post-ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HighPG resulted in hyperglycemia. The percentage of dead neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and entorhinal cortex were similar in the Control, SNP, and HighPG groups, the percentage being significantly attenuated in the LowPG group (CA1: Control = 92.8 +/- 2.4%, LowPG = 85.0 +/- 8.5%, HighPG = 95.3 +/- 2.4%, and SNP = 96.4 +/- 0.7%, P < 0.01; entorhinal cortex: Control = 73.8 +/- 4.0%, LowPG = 53.2 +/- 12.3%, HighPG = 72.1 +/- 12.6%, and SNP = 76.5 +/- 4.1%, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-ischemic administration of low-dose PGE(1) in rats provided neuroprotection against severe forebrain ischemia. A dose dependency was not observed with PGE(1) dose and outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan. ymiura@hoku-iryo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yokoo
authors.forename: Kazue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iizawa
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018728:Entorhinal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011458:Prostaglandins E / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011458:Prostaglandins E; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside