title: 'Al pie de la letra': crafting a report card for elderly Spanish-only-speaking patients with stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ethnic minorities are at higher stroke risk than non-Hispanic whites yet are less likely to have optimal vascular risk factor control. There is a need to develop culturally sensitive strategies for enhancing vascular risk reduction in minority patients with stroke. This study aimed to develop a postdischarge report card to boost treatment adherence among elderly Spanish-speaking patients with stroke within an urban health system.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included a total of 13 Spanish-only speaking participants aged > or = 60 years discharged from a local government hospital in Los Angeles within 18 months of an index ischemic stroke and 6 caregivers engaged in focus groups and interviews. Structured interviews were conducted with 11 care providers and 9 administrators at the hospital. Framework analysis examined the data and elicited themes to adapt a pre-existing patient report card tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spontaneously using the same phrase, "Al pie de la letra," several participants expressed a need to follow medical instructions accurately to prevent recurrent stroke and identified barriers/facilitators for doing so. They made comments about the pre-existing report card, advising several changes, including the clarification of phrases, and written instructions to explain the need for the card and how to fill it out. The providers and administrators recommended avenues for successfully using the card at the hospital. A new report card was created that incorporated all major perspectives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Crafting a culturally sensitive tool for promoting treatment adherence in elderly Spanish-only-speaking patients with stroke within an urban health system using a participatory methodology is feasible. The efficacy of this new report card should be tested in a randomized controlled trial.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Ovibes@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ovbiagele
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers; D003144:Communication Barriers; D017144:Focus Groups; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007802:Language; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012648:Self Care; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires