title: Gender differences in the treatment of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women are at greater risk for worse outcomes associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) than are men. One explanation may be that they tend to be treated less aggressively than men even when more aggressive treatment is warranted. The purpose of this analysis was to assess this issue.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation (CRUSADE) Quality Improvement Initiative registry, an observational data collection that began in November 2001, with retrospective data collection from January 2001 to December 2006. A total of 32,888 subjects met the inclusion/exclusion criteria for our study, based on strong biochemical evidence of myocardial infarction and acute onset of typical cardiac chest pain. We stratified subjects into 16 cells for coronary intervention, based on 4 age groups and 4 cardiac catheterization findings (insignificant, 1-vessel disease, 2-vessel disease, 3-vessel disease). We also stratified subjects into 20 cells for medical treatment, based on 4 age groups and 5 medical treatments. In each cell we compared the rate of coronary intervention (coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention) or medical treatment (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, aspirin, clopidogrel, beta-blocker, and statins) for men vs women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men demonstrated significantly higher rates (P < 0.05) of coronary intervention in 7 of the 16 cells and 9 of the 20 medical treatment cells, compared to no cells in which women had statistically higher rates than men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that men are more likely than women to receive coronary intervention and to be medically treated when presenting with evidence of non-ST-segment myocardial infarction, controlled for age, cardiac catheterization findings, and biochemical evidence of myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Division of Epidemiology, USA. dale.tavris@fda.hhs.gov
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tavris
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shoaibi
authors.forename: Anita Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents