title: A novel electrochemical device to differentiate pandemic (H1N1) 2009 from seasonal influenza.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the challenges of the recent pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza outbreak was to differentiate the virus from seasonal influenza when confronting clinical cases. The determination of the virus has implications on treatment choice, and obvious epidemiologic significance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We set out to apply a novel electrochemical device to samples derived from clinical cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza to examine the ability of the device to differentiate these samples from cases of seasonal influenza.
  
  
  METHODS
  An IRB approved protocol allowed for the use of original nasal wash samples from 24 confirmed human cases pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. Clinical samples from cases of seasonal influenza (Influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B) were included as controls. Nucleic acids were extracted and samples examined by the ElectraSense Influenza A assay (CombiMatrix, Inc). Samples were also examined by RT-PCR or Luminex assays as a comparator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ElectraSense Influenza A assay correctly identified 23 of 24 samples of laboratory-confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza. The assay correctly identified all samples of influenza A/H1N1 and A/H3N2, and differentiated these from pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza in all cases. The ElectraSense Influenza A assay proved to be a useful assay to quickly and accurately differentiate pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza from seasonal influenza.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA. timothy.m.straight@us.army.mil
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Straight
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Merrill
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Livezey
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lodes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suciu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity