title: Prefrontal inositol triphosphate is molecular correlate of working memory in nonhuman primates.
abstract: Working memory (WM) is a process of actively maintaining information in the mind for a relatively short period of time, and prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been thought to play a central role in its function. However, our understanding of underlying molecular events that translate into WM behavior remains elusive. To shed light on this issue, we have used three distinct nonhuman primate models of WM where each model represents three WM conditions: normal control, WM-deficient, and recuperated to normal from WM deficiency. Based on the hypothesis that there is a common molecular substrate for the coding of WM behavior, we have studied the relationship of these animals' performance on a WM task with their PFC levels of molecular components associated with Gq-phospholipase C and cAMP pathways, with the idea of identifying the footprints of such biomolecules. We observed that in all of the primate models WM deficiency was strongly related to the reduced concentration of IP(3) in PFC, whereas recuperation of WM-deficient animals to normal condition was associated with the normalization in IP(3) level. However, this correlation was absent or weak for cAMP, active protein kinase A, dopamine D(1) receptor, and Gq protein. In addition, WM deficiency related not only to pharmacological conditions but also to aging. Thus, it is suggested that optimal IP(3) activity is essential for normal WM function and the maintenance of intracellular IP(3)-mediated Ca(2+) level in PFC may serve as biochemical substrate for the expression of WM behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: López-Téllez
authors.forename: Manuel F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: López-Aranda
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Navarro-Lobato
authors.forename: Mariam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masmudi-Martín
authors.forename: Elisa Martín
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Montañez
authors.forename: Eduardo Blanco
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: Zafar U
authors.initials: ZU
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000633:toxicity; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 / Q000378:metabolism; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000633:toxicity; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D000661:Amphetamine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D010740:Phospholipases; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11; D006220:Haloperidol; D002118:Calcium