title: Do patients with lymphoedema cholestasis syndrome 1/Aagenaes syndrome need dietary counselling outside cholestatic episodes?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with lymphoedema cholestasis syndrome 1/Aagenaes Syndrome need a fat reduced diet when cholestatic. We wanted to assess the need for dietary counselling outside cholestatic episodes, and hypothetized that no counselling was needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients above 10 years of age without symptoms of cholestasis were compared with a sex and age matched control group. Diet from a four-day weighed record and blood samples were compared between the two groups and with general Norwegian recommendations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients had a similar diet to the healthy controls, except for statistically significant lower intake of energy from total fat (p=0.04) and saturated fat (0.02), and fish (0.05). The patients met the dietary recommendations for macronutrients, except for saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, refined sugar and fibre. Supplements were needed to meet the micronutrient recommendations. Patients had a significantly lower serum level of alpha-tocopherol (0.01) compared with the control group, and the serum 25-OH D level was below reference ranges.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patients would benefit from counselling on fat quality, carbohydrates including fibre intake, and individual needs for vitamins D and E. To secure serum 25-OH D and alpha-tocopherol levels within reference ranges, regular examinations to determine the need for supplementary vitamins D and E are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Regional Department of Eating Disorders, Division of Psychiatry, Building 37A, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, N-0407 Oslo, Norway. ildr@uus.no
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drivdal
authors.forename: Elin Bjørge
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Løken
authors.forename: Tor-Arne
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hagve
authors.forename: Ingunn
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bergstad
authors.forename: Øystein
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Aagenaes
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D013577:Syndrome; D055815:Young Adult; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D002112:Calcifediol