title: Overexpression of glucocorticoid receptor-beta in severe allergic rhinitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the role of glucocorticoid receptor-beta in resistance to glucocorticoid therapy for allergic rhinitis, we studied 37 tissue samples from 20 patients with severe allergic rhinitis, and samples from age-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were treated with intranasal fluticasone for 6 months and inferior turbinectomy was performed for patients with poor response to glucocorticoid treatment. The expression of glucocorticoid receptor-alpha (GR-alpha), glucocorticoid receptor-beta (GR-beta), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in nasal mucosa was studied immunohistochemically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GR-alpha and NF-kappaB were expressed to a similar extent in patients and controls, but GR-beta was expressed significantly more in patients, resulting in an increased GR-beta/GR-alpha ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that GR-beta plays an important role in resistance to glucocorticoid therapy for allergic rhinitis, and its expression might be used as an additional parameter indicating steroid resistance in allergic rhinitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
authors.forename: Mitsunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D000068298:Fluticasone; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D012016:Reference Values; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; C411470:glucocorticoid receptor alpha; C121943:glucocorticoid receptor beta; D000068298:Fluticasone