title: Ventilatory efficiency and the selection of patients for heart transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ventilatory efficiency, assessed by the slope of minute ventilation (VE) versus carbon dioxide production (VCO(2)), is a powerful prognostic marker in patients with chronic heart failure. We hypothesized that VE/VCO(2) slope would be more accurate than the current listing criteria for heart transplantation (HTx) in identifying patients likely to derive a survival benefit from this intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 663 patients with chronic heart failure who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing were tracked for cardiac mortality and HTx. Ve/Vco(2) slope was the strongest independent predictor of mortality. Using a VE/VCO(2) slope threshold instead of the current exercise criteria would classify 39 more subjects as being high risk (196 versus 157), correctly identifying 19 more patients who died during follow-up (57 versus 38) and 16 others who underwent transplantation (52 versus 36). Unlike the current listing criteria for HTx, VE/VCO(2) slope provided significant discrimination between the 3-year survival of high- and low-risk patients and posttransplant patients selected from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation registry. Reanalysis of survival data using death or HTx as the end point showed similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VE/VCO(2) slope is more accurate than the current listing criteria for HTx in identifying patients likely to derive a survival benefit from HTx.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hospital Santa Cruz, Av. Prof Reynaldo dos Santos, Carnaxide, Portugal. miguelferreira.md@sapo.pt
authors.forename: António M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Tabet
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frankenstein
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metra
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zugck
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beauvais
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohen-Solal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D018579:Patient Selection; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide