Repeat-induced gene silencing of L1 transgenes is correlated with differential promoter methylation.
Recent transgenic studies on L1 retrotransposons have afforded exciting insights into L1 biology, and a unique opportunity to model their function and regulation in vivo. Thus far, the majority of the transgenic L1 mouse lines are constructed via pronuclear microinjection, a procedure that typically results in the integration of tandem arrayed transgenes. Transgene arrays are susceptible to repeat-induced gene silencing (RIGS) in both plants and animals. In order to examine the potential impact of RIGS on L1 retrotransposition, we derived a cohort of animals carrying reduced copies of ORFeus transgene at the same genomic locus by Cre-mediated recombination. The copy number reduction of ORFeus transgenes did not decrease the overall retrotransposition activity. Using a sensitive and reproducible quantitative PCR assay, an average frequency of 0.45 insertions per cell was observed for animals carrying the donor transgene at a single copy, representing a 9-fold increase of retrotransposition frequency on a per-copy basis. DNA methylation analyses revealed that the observed retrotransposition activity was correlated with differential CpG methylation at the heterologous promoter: the promoter region was largely methylated in animals with the high-copy array but significantly hypomethylated in animals with the single-copy counterpart. In contrast, the ORF2 region, which represents the body of the ORFeus transgene, and the 3' end of the transgene showed high level of methylation in both high-copy and single-copy samples. The observed methylation patterns were metastable across generations. In summary, our data suggest that tandem arrayed L1 transgenes are subject to RIGS, and transgenes present at a single copy in the genome are thus recommended for modeling L1 in animals.
Rosser
James M
JM
School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
An
Wenfeng
W
D000818:Animals; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D018628:Gene Dosage; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D020084:Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018626:Retroelements; D019076:Transgenes
D018626:Retroelements