title: Application of DC beads in hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical and radiological results of a drug delivery device for transcatheter superselective arterial embolization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Application of a drug delivery device for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinical and radiological treatment assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  24 patients with liver cirrhosis and uni- or multifocal HCC underwent TACE with doxorubicin beads (DC Bead). The underly-ing cause of liver cirrhosis was hepatitis (A: n = 7; B: n = 10) or alcohol consumption (n = 7). Patients presented with Child Pugh stage A (n = 15) and B (n = 9). The mean intrahepatic tumor size, considering the sum of diameters of all lesions treated, was 3.83 cm (+/-2.4). Liver function and hematological parameters were documented before and after each TACE. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed before and 4 weeks after TACE. The T1-w 3D volume-interpolated breathhold exam (VIBE) sequence was applied for evaluation of the therapy response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  24 patients received a total number of 69 TACE treatments with DC beads (mean dose 160 mg). The elevation of liver function parameters after treatment did not affect the patients' clinical condition. The T1-w VIBE sequence proved very valuable for assessment of the intrahepatic tumor spread. Post-contrast images enabled delineation of the viable HCC lesions, hence facilitating the selective transcatheter approach. The tumor marker a-fetoprotein (AFP), available in 19/24 patients, dropped from 347.5 to 299.5 ng/ml, without being a reliable predictor of treatment response. A decrease of tumor size after TACE from 3.83 (+/-2.40) to 3.01 cm (+/-2.67; p < 0.0001) was evident on the T1w-VIBE sequences. The mean follow-up period was 30 months. At the time of data analysis, 10 (42%) out of 14 patients were alive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TACE with DC beads in HCC offers a safe and efficient treatment resulting in tumor response within a very short time.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany. maliha.sadick@medma.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Maliha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadick
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loehr
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elshwi
authors.forename: Manfred V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brade
authors.forename: Stefan O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
authors.forename: Steffen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Diehl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D004317:Doxorubicin