title: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) México and comparison with KEEP US.
abstract: The National Kidney Foundation Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) is a free community screening program aimed at early detection of kidney disease among high-risk individuals. A pilot phase of KEEP México began in 2008 in México City and Jalisco State. Adults with diabetes, hypertension, or family history of diabetes, hypertension, or chronic kidney disease (CKD) were invited to participate through advertising campaigns. All participants completed a questionnaire. Blood pressure, weight, and height were measured; blood and urine tests included albuminuria and serum creatinine to estimate glomerular filtration rate using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation. Mean age of KEEP México City and KEEP Jalisco participants was 46 and 53 years, respectively; >70% were women. CKD prevalence was 22% in KEEP México City and 33% in KEEP Jalisco, not significantly different from reported KEEP US prevalence of 26%. CKD stages 1 and 2 were more frequent in KEEP México and stage 3 in KEEP US. In KEEP México City, CKD prevalence was higher than the overall prevalence among participants with diabetes (38%) or diabetes and hypertension (42%). Most KEEP México participants were unaware of the CKD diagnosis, despite that 71% in KEEP México City had seen a doctor in the previous year. CKD is highly prevalent, underdiagnosed, and underrecognized among high-risk individuals in México. KEEP is an effective screening program that can successfully be adapted for use in México.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Panamericana School of Medicine, México City, México. gobrador@up.edu.mx
authors.forename: Gregorio T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Obrador
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: García-García
authors.forename: Antonio R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: Ximena
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rubilar
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olvera
authors.forename: Evangelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Virgen
authors.forename: José Alfonso
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Padilla
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plascencia-Alonso
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendoza-García
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Plascencia-Pérez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology