title: Neuroprotective effects of C-type natriuretic peptide on rat retinal ganglion cells.
abstract: PURPOSE. To evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). METHODS. Cultured adult rat retinal cells were treated with vehicle, CNP, or atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), followed by cytotoxic insults (glutamate, TNFalpha, or withdrawal of trophic factor). RGC survival was analyzed by counting Thy-1-positive cells in each well. For in vivo evaluation, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) with or without CNP was injected intravitreally into rat eyes. At various time points after injection, retinal cross-sections were analyzed for thickness changes in the retinal layers, and retinal flat mounts were assessed by counting cresyl violet-labeled or TUNEL-positive cells. Expressions of natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPRB) and apoptosis-related genes in retina, including Bcl-xL, BAX, and micro-calpain, were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS. At 50 and 500 nM, CNP, but not ANP, significantly (P < 0.05) protected against glutamate-insult and trophic factor withdrawal-induced RGC death in vitro. Neither peptide significantly affected TNFalpha-induced cytotoxicity. Intravitreal injection of NMDA (20 nanomoles) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the thickness of the inner plexiform layer (IPL), induced cell loss, increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the RGC layer, and upregulated the expression of Bcl-xL, BAX, and micro-calpain. All these effects were significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated by concomitant injection of CNP (4.5 nmol, 10 microg). The neuroprotective effects of CNP were maintained up to 14 days after CNP injection. CONCLUSIONS. CNP protects rat RGCs against the apoptotic damage induced by insults such as excitatory amino acid, both in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Laboratories and Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Wenhan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guiqun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Suping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Naihong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Yuansheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Debra L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Fleenor
authors.forename: Xuyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Iok-Hou
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Pang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D002154:Calpain / Q000235:genetics; D002452:Cell Count; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000633:toxicity; D045283:Natriuretic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000633:toxicity; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics; D000099242:Atrial Natriuretic Factor Receptor B
chemical_list: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D002154:Calpain; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D045283:Natriuretic Agents; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D000099242:Atrial Natriuretic Factor Receptor B; C494828:Bax protein, rat; C494813:Bcl2l1 protein, rat