title: Robotically assisted hysterectomy in patients with large uteri: outcomes in five community practices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine outcomes of robotically assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy in patients with benign conditions involving high uterine weight and complex pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter study was undertaken in five community practice settings across the United States. All patients who had minimally invasive laparoscopic hysterectomy with robotic assistance March 2006 through July 2009 and uterine weights of at least 250 g were included. Retrospective chart review identified outcomes including skin-to-skin operative time, conversion to an exploratory laparotomy, blood loss, complications, and hospital duration of stay. The effect of uterine weight on skin-to-skin time and blood loss also was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were analyzed for 256 patients with uteri weighing 250 to 3,020 g (median 453 g). Most patients were obese or had a history of pelvic or abdominal surgery. Median operative time was 145 minutes. Duration of surgery in patients with uteri 500 g or greater was significantly longer than in patients with uteri less than 500 g (167 compared with 126 minutes, P<.001). Median estimated blood loss also was greater in women with uteri weighing 500 g or more (100 compared with 50 mL, P<.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis confirmed the independent effect of uterine weight on operative time and blood loss. Median duration of hospital stay was 1 day. The conversion rate was 1.6%, the minor complication rate was 1.6%, and major complications occurred in 2.0% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with large uteri may successfully undergo robotically assisted hysterectomy with low morbidity, low blood loss, and minimal risk of conversion to laparotomy. Results were reproducible among general gynecologists from geographically diverse community settings.
authors.affiliation: From Ochsner Health Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, New Jersey; Hackensack Medical Center, New Jersey; Spartanburg Regional Medical Center, South Carolina; Mount Carmel Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Mercy Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and Stanford University School of Medicine, California.
authors.forename: Thomas N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Francis R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Dauterive
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pitter
authors.forename: Hoang N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Giep
authors.forename: Bang N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Giep
authors.forename: Terry W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Grogg
authors.forename: K Anthony
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Shanbour
authors.forename: Darren W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Goff
authors.forename: Helen B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Hubert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D009929:Organ Size; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D012371:Robotics; D014599:Uterus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*