title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter thymol derivative contents of Inula ensifolia L.
abstract: Individuals of Inula ensifolia L. (Asteraceae), a valuable xerothermic plant species with potential therapeutic value, were inoculated under laboratory conditions with different strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF): (1) Glomus intraradices UNIJAG PL-Bot, (2) G. intraradices UNIJAG PL-Kap, (3) Glomus clarum UNIJAG PL13-2, and (4) AMF crude inoculum from natural stands of I. ensifolia. We found AMF species specificity in the stimulation of thymol derivative production in the roots of I. ensifolia. There was an increase in thymol derivative contents in roots after G. clarum inoculation and at the same time the decreased production of these metabolites in the G. intraradices treatments. Moreover, no correlation between the extent of AMF colonization and the effects of the fungal symbionts on the plant was observed. A multilevel analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients (JIP test) permitted an evaluation of plant vitality, expressed in photosynthetic performance index, influenced by the applied AMF strains, which was found to be in good agreement with the results concerning thymol derivative production. The mechanisms by which AMF trigger changes in phytochemical concentration in plant tissues and their consequences for practice are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Mycology Unit, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland. szymon.zubek@uj.edu.pl
authors.forename: Szymon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zubek
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stojakowska
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anielska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turnau
mesh_terms: D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000032:analysis; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D055137:Glomeromycota / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D038143:Inula / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D013943:Thymol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002734:Chlorophyll; D013943:Thymol; D000077194:Chlorophyll A