title: An international validation study of the EORTC brain cancer module (EORTC QLQ-BN20) for assessing health-related quality of life and symptoms in brain cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The psychometric properties of the EORTC QLQ-BN20, a brain cancer-specific HRQOL questionnaire, have been previously determined in an English-speaking sample of patients. This study examined the validity and reliability of the questionnaire in a multi-national, multi-lingual study.
  
  
  METHODS
  QLQ-BN20 data were selected from two completed phase III EORTC/NCIC clinical trials in brain cancer (N=891), including 12 languages. Experimental treatments were surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT) and adjuvant PCV chemotherapy or surgery followed by concomitant RT plus temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy. Standard treatment consisted of surgery and postoperative RT alone. The psychometrics of the QLQ-BN20 were examined by means of multi-trait scaling analyses, reliability estimation, known groups validity testing, and responsiveness analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All QLQ-BN20 items correlated more strongly with their own scale (r>0.70) than with other QLQ-BN20 scales. Internal consistency reliability coefficients were high (all alpha0.70). Known-groups comparisons yielded positive results, with the QLQ-BN20 distinguishing between patients with differing levels of performance status and mental functioning. Responsiveness of the questionnaire to changes over time was acceptable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The QLQ-BN20 demonstrates adequate psychometric properties and can be recommended for use in conjunction with the QLQ-C30 in assessing the HRQOL of brain cancer patients in international studies.
authors.affiliation: Medical Centre Haaglanden, The Hague and VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.taphoorn@mchaaglanden.nl
authors.forename: Martin J B
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Taphoorn
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Claassens
authors.forename: Neil K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Aaronson
authors.forename: Corneel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coens
authors.forename: Murielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mauer
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Osoba
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stupp
authors.forename: René O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Mirimanoff
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van den Bent
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bottomley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019303:Multilingualism; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult