title: Fetal response to induced maternal emotions.
abstract: This study investigated the relationship between fetal movements and acute maternal emotional changes during pregnancy. Two empirically validated feature film clips were used for the external generation of two subjectively and facially well-characterized target emotions: happiness and sadness. We simultaneously monitored separate fetal arm, leg, and trunk movements by means of two ultrasound apparatuses while maternal emotions were manipulated by film clip presentation. The number of fetal arm movements, but not the duration, was increased when pregnant women were being shown a happy film. Both the number and the duration of fetal arm movements decreased with the sad film presentation. Neither the presentation of happiness nor the presentation of sadness affected fetal leg or trunk movements. These findings suggest that induced emotions in pregnant women primarily affect arm movements of their fetuses, and that positive and negative emotions have the opposite effects on fetus movement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Shota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishitani
authors.forename: Keisho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ushimaru
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuzaki
authors.forename: Kazuyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinohara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005324:Fetal Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology*; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers; D009068:Movement; D011247:Pregnancy