title: APOE predicts amyloid-beta but not tau Alzheimer pathology in cognitively normal aging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine interactions of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype with age and with in vivo measures of preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) in cognitively normal aging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred forty-one cognitively normal individuals, aged 45-88 years, had cerebral amyloid imaging studies with Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB). Of the 241 individuals, 168 (70%) also had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assays of amyloid-beta(42) (Abeta(42)), tau, and phosphorylated tau (ptau(181)). All individuals were genotyped for APOE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of individuals with elevated mean cortical binding potential (MCBP) for PIB rose in an age-dependent manner from 0% at ages 45-49 years to 30.3% at 80-88 years. Reduced levels of CSF Abeta(42) appeared to begin earlier (18.2% of those aged 45-49 years) and increase with age in higher frequencies (50% at age 80-88 years) than elevations of MCBP. There was a gene dose effect for the APOE4 genotype, with greater MCBP increases and greater reductions in CSF Abeta(42) with increased numbers of APOE4 alleles. Individuals with an APOE2 allele had no increase in MCBP with age and had higher CSF Abeta(42) levels than individuals without an APOE2 allele. There was no APOE4 or APOE2 effect on CSF tau or ptau(181).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing cerebral Abeta deposition with age is the pathobiological phenotype of APOE4. The biomarker sequence that detects Abeta deposition may first be lowered CSF Abeta(42), followed by elevated MCBP for PIB. A substantial proportion of cognitively normal individuals have presumptive preclinical AD.
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. morrisj@abraxas.wustl.edu
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Chengjie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fagan
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Goate
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Holtzman
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mintun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000473:pathology*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D053329:Apolipoprotein E2 / Q000235:genetics; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D010766:Phosphorylation; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D013844:Thiazoles; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: C475519:2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D053329:Apolipoprotein E2; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; C054369:MAPT protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D013844:Thiazoles; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins