title: Neuraminidase and hemagglutinin matching patterns of a highly pathogenic avian and two pandemic H1N1 influenza A viruses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Influenza A virus displays strong reassortment characteristics, which enable it to achieve adaptation in human infection. Surveying the reassortment and virulence of novel viruses is important in the prevention and control of an influenza pandemic. Meanwhile, studying the mechanism of reassortment may accelerate the development of anti-influenza strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) matching patterns of two pandemic H1N1 viruses (the 1918 and current 2009 strains) and a highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (H5N1) were studied using a pseudotyped particle (pp) system. Our data showed that four of the six chimeric HA/NA combinations could produce infectious pps, and that some of the chimeric pps had greater infectivity than did their ancestors, raising the possibility of reassortment among these viruses. The NA of H5N1 (A/Anhui/1/2005) could hardly reassort with the HAs of the two H1N1 viruses. Many biological characteristics of HA and NA, including infectivity, hemagglutinating ability, and NA activity, are dependent on their matching pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest the existence of an interaction between HA and NA, and the HA NA matching pattern is critical for valid viral reassortment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Dali University, Dali, China.
authors.forename: Yonghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Guoqin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jianfang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Honglan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Fengwei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chunqiong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Zi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Yuelong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Hongning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014771:Virion / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins; D009439:Neuraminidase