title: Psychological adaptation and quality of life of adult intestinal transplant recipients: University of Bologna experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal transplantation has become an accepted therapy for individuals permanently dependent on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with life-threatening complications. Quality of life and psychological well-being can be seen as important outcome measures of transplantation surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 24 adult intestinal transplant recipients and 24 healthy subjects (a control group). All subjects were administered the Italian Version of the Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWB) by C. Ryff, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL), and the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ) by R. Kellner and G.A. Fava, a symptomatology scale. Quality of life and psychological well-being were assessed in transplant recipients in relationship to the number of rejections, the number of admissions, and the immunosuppressive protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intestinal transplant recipients reported significantly higher scores in the "personal growth" category (P = .036) and lower scores in the "positive relation with others" (P = .013) and "autonomy" (P = .007) dimensions of PWB, compared with the controls. In the WHOQOL, the scores of transplant recipients were lower only in the psychological domain (P = .011). Transplant recipients reported significantly higher scores in the "somatic symptom" (P = .027) and "hostility" (P = .018) dimensions of the SQ, compared with the controls. Transplant recipients with number of admissions >8 reported higher scores in "anxiety" (P = .019) and "depression" (P = .021) scales of the SQ, and the patients with a Daclizumab protocol reported higher scores in "depression" (P = .000) and "somatic symptom" (P = .008) of the SQ. There were no significant differences regarding number of rejections and socio-demographic variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvement of psychological well-being in the transplant population may be related to the achievement of the goal of transplantation: recovery of bowel function. But the data confirmed that the transplant experience required a long and difficult adaptation trial to the new condition of "transplant recipient."
authors.affiliation: OU Liver and Multiorgan Transplant Surgery, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. luciagolfieri@yahoo.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Golfieri
authors.forename: A
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authors.lastname: Lauro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tossani
authors.forename: L
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authors.lastname: Sirri
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authors.lastname: Venturoli
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authors.lastname: Dazzi
authors.forename: C
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authors.lastname: Zanfi
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authors.lastname: Zanello
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authors.lastname: Vetrone
authors.forename: A
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authors.lastname: Cucchetti
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authors.lastname: Ercolani
authors.forename: M
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authors.lastname: Vivarelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Gaudio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravaioli
authors.forename: M
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authors.lastname: Cescon
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Grazi
authors.forename: S
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authors.lastname: Faenza
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authors.lastname: Grandi
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pinna
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000637:transplantation*; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014180:Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*