title: EAU penile cancer guidelines 2009.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis is a relatively rare but ominous disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present a condensed version of the updated 2009 European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on penile SCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a literature search of new data available up to December 2009. No randomized study was found; consequently, level of evidence (LE) and grade of recommendations (GR) are low.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More insight was gained into the etiology of SCC of the penis, together with improved staging and treatment: Human papillomavirus 16 plays an etiologic role in approximately 40-50% of cases. Similarities in etiology with SCC of the head and neck, the female genitalia, and the anal canal have been found. Improved diagnostics allowed earlier diagnosis, leading to more conservative treatments. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed promising results in patients with advanced or recurrent disease. Centralization of the disease contributed to standardization and rapid diffusion of new treatments with improved results and increased organ preservation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvements in the management of SCC of the penis are reflected in changes in the guidelines, but the rarity of the disease precluded randomized studies, leading to low level of evidence and grade of recommendation.
authors.affiliation: Second Urologic Clinic, Milan University, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Milano, Italy. pizzocaro@iol.it
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzocaro
authors.forename: Ferran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Algaba
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horenblas
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Solsona
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tana
authors.forename: Hein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Der Poel
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Watkin
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*