Neurocognitive functioning in HIV-1 infection: effects of cerebrovascular risk factors and age.
This study examined the interactive effects of cerebrovascular risks, advancing age, and HIV infection on neurocognition, and explored whether pharmacological treatment of cerebrovascular risk factors attenuated neurocognitive dysfunction. Participants included 98 HIV-seropositive adults (cerebrovascular risk: 23.5%; age > 50: 27.6%). Cerebrovascular risk was associated with slower processing speed even after controlling for age effects (b = -2.071; p =.04), and the interaction of age and cerebrovascular risk was associated with poorer verbal fluency (b = 1.276, p =.002). Participants with pharmacologically untreated cerebrovascular risk demonstrated reduced processing speed, learning/memory, and executive functioning relative to those on medication. Poor cerebrovascular health confers significant risk for HIV+ individuals, and this effect may be of greater consequence than advancing age. The cognitive impact of risk appears to be more pronounced in the absence of adequate pharmacological treatment.
Foley
Jessica
J
UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA 90095-8353, USA. jmfoley@ucla.edu
Ettenhofer
Mark
M
Wright
Matthew J
MJ
Siddiqi
Iraj
I
Choi
Melissa
M
Thames
April D
AD
Mason
Karen
K
Castellon
Steven
S
Hinkin
Charles H
CH
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index