title: Cardiac surgery in octogenarians: long-term survival, functional status, living arrangements, and leisure activities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A prospective study of survival, functional outcome, living arrangements, daily activities and leisure engagements among octogenarians up to 5 years after cardiac surgery was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consisted of a cohort of 300 consecutive octogenarians with three interviews made at 6-month intervals for a total of 593 postoperative interviews. Functional outcomes were measured using the Barthel index and Karnofsky performance scores and divided into autonomous, semiautonomous, or dependent. Living arrangements and leisure activities within the social, physical, cognitive, and creative domains were recorded in an open-ended questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 150 men and 150 women with a mean age 82.6 years. The 30-day survival was 84.3%. Actuarial survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 76.6%, 66.6%, and 57.8%, respectively. Among the survivors at the first interview, 2.2 years postoperatively, there were 63.9% autonomous, 31.7% semiautonomous, and 4.3% dependent patients versus at the last interview, 3.6 years postoperatively, in which there were 64.9% autonomous, 28.1% semiautonomous, and 9.2% dependent. At the first interview, 76.4% were at home, 19.2 % in a residence, and 4.3% in a supervised setting. At the third interview, 71.8% were at home, 21.2% in a residence, and 6.9% in a supervised setting. Nearly all patients were involved in leisure activities in the social (98.9%), cognitive (98.4%), and physical (93.1%) domains. At the end of the last interview, activities within the social and cognitive domains were maintained with a small decrease in the physical domain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surviving octogenarians remain at home, function independently, and engage in regular leisure activities years after cardiac surgery. This information might help physicians and surgeons regarding long-term outcome of open cardiac surgery in octogenarians.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaise
authors.forename: Josée
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verdon
authors.forename: Sameena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ergina
authors.forename: Renzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cecere
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: deVarennes
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lachapelle
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017741:Survivors