title: Effect of the inhibitor peptide of the transforming growth factor beta (p144) in a new silicone pericapsular fibrotic model in pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Capsular contracture is the most common complication associated with silicone prostheses. It may take the form of anything from slight hardening to obvious deformity. The role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in the scar physiopathology of any fibrotic process has been demonstrated. The effects of inhibition of TGF-beta have also been demonstrated in experimental models of fibrosis, which opens the way for new therapeutic alternatives in the treatment of capsular contracture. The aim of this study was to evaluate periprosthetic fibrosis with a newly synthesized TGF-beta peptide inhibitor (p144).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three experimental groups were formed: Group I, subcutaneous and submuscular textured silicone prostheses were left untreated; Group 2, the prostheses were left after being immersed in the vehicle; Group 3, the same protocol was followed as in Group 2, but the solution contained the vehicle with the inhibitor peptide of TGF-beta, p144 (15 mg/prosthesis). The animals were sacrificed 24 weeks after implantation, and the capsules were assessed both macroscopically and histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results obtained showed that the inhibition of capsular thickness and soluble collagen content in pericapsular fibrosis did not significantly decrease in the group of animals treated with the TGF-beta inhibitor peptide in comparison with control cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We detected no statistically significant reduction in fibrosis in the periprosthetic capsule after treating the implants with the inhibitor peptide p144, but we feel that the influence of trauma around the prosthesis is critical in impeding the antifibrotic activity of the inhibitor peptide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pío XII 36, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: San-Martín
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dotor
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hontanilla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018427:Breast Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D057910:Implant Capsular Contracture / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D023421:Models, Animal; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D012828:Silicones; D013499:Surface Properties; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D012828:Silicones; C504795:TGF-beta1 type III receptor (730-743), human