title: Relationship between children's intelligence and their emotional/behavioral problems and social competence: gender differences in first graders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study examines gender differences in the correlations between intelligence and developmental problems as well as social competence in first graders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety parent-child dyads participated in this study. The children comprised 7-year-olds recruited from the first grade of an elementary school. All the children were administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III), Parent-child Interaction Rating Scale (IRS), and the parent report version of Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings clarified that the processing speed of boys significantly correlated with their peer relationship. On the other hand, the emotional symptoms exhibited by girls had a more common association with their intellectual abilities. The correlations between parenting and intellectual abilities differed in boys and girls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children's gender should be taken into account when assessing the diversity in their intellectual abilities and developmental problems. Moreover, parenting also influences the development of children in various ways.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugisawa
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Taeko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Onda
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yato
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koeda
authors.forename: Hiraku
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Shinako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terakawa
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Tokie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anme
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002657:Child Development; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010379:Peer Group; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014888:Wechsler Scales