title: Cardioprotective effects of electroacupuncture pretreatment on patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury after cardiopulmonary bypass contributes to postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with open-heart surgery. This randomized controlled trial was designed to address the protective effects of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on myocardial injury in patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with acquired heart valve disease were randomly allocated to the EA pretreatment group or the control group. Patients in the EA group received EA stimulus at bilateral Neiguan (PC 6), Lieque (LU 7), and Yunmen (LU 2) for 30 minutes each day for five consecutive days before surgery. Hemodynamic data, mechanical ventilation time, inotropic drug use in the intensive care unit, serum cardiac troponin I concentrations, morbidities, and mortalities were compared between the two groups. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00732459.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after reperfusion, levels of serum cardiac troponin I were significantly decreased in the EA group (5.74 +/- 0.67, 6.22 +/- 0.66, and 5.21 +/- 0.58) compared with that in the control group (7.89 +/- 0.74, 8.34 +/- 1.08, and 7.57 +/- 0.89, p < 0.05). The EA pretreatment significantly reduced overall serum troponin I release at 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after aortic cross-clamp removal. Meanwhile, EA pretreatment also reduced the inotrope score at 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after the intensive care unit arrival and shortened intensive care unit stay time (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that EA pretreatment may alleviate cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in adult patients undergoing heart valve replacements. This simple and convenient treatment has the potential to be used in the clinic for reducing myocardial injury in patients with heart valve replacement surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Lifang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shaoyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lize
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiong
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015671:Electroacupuncture; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D019210:Troponin I