title: The effect of duodenal-jejunal bypass on glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide secretion in Wistar rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enteroendocrine K cells secrete the incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and are predominately located in the duodenum. GIP levels should decrease after gastric bypass due to duodenal exclusion; however, studies have found conflicting data regarding the changes in GIP secretion after gastric bypass and duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a DJB or Sham surgery on Wistar rats followed by an oral glucose tolerance test on postoperative (post-op) day 12 and superior mesenteric lymphatic cannulation on post-op day 14. We measured meal-stimulated GIP concentrations and small bowel GIP and GLP-1 protein content after DJB or Sham surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in glucose tolerance by 12 days post-op. We found no difference in lymphatic GIP concentration area under the curve between DJB and Sham rats (15,240 pg/ml min +/- 2,651 vs. 17,201 pg/ml min +/- 2,763, respectively, p = 0.62). GIP and GLP-1 protein contents were both significantly increased only in the midjejunum in DJB rats compared to Sham rats (p = 0.009 and p = 0.01, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma and lymphatic GIP concentrations did not significantly change after DJB in Wistar rats. DJB increased GIP protein content in the midjejunum at the new site of nutrient absorption, but this was surprisingly not countered by a decrease in GIP protein content in the bypassed duodenum. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms that account for the discrepancy in GIP production and subsequent secretion after DJB as well as what role GIP plays in the effect of gastrointestinal surgery on glucose homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genome Research Institute, University of Cincinnati, 2180 E. Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA. venematl@email.uc.edu
authors.forename: Tammy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Kindel
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yoder
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: D'Alessio
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004386:Duodenum / Q000601:surgery*; D019858:Enteroendocrine Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007583:Jejunum / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide