title: Efficacy and safety of fentanyl HCl iontophoretic transdermal system compared with morphine intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for postoperative pain management for patient subgroups.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inadequate postoperative pain control remains a problem for many patients undergoing surgery. This study presents subgroup analyses from a large, randomized, multicentre, European study comparing the efficacy and safety of the fentanyl HCl iontophoretic transdermal system and morphine intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for postoperative pain management.
  
  
  METHODS
  The efficacy and safety of the fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system and morphine intravenous patient-controlled analgesia were evaluated for patients divided by surgery type, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status and type of anaesthesia used during surgery. Efficacy measures included a patient global assessment of the method of pain control (a rating of 'good' or 'excellent' was considered as a success rating) and mean last pain intensity scores in the first 24 h. Discontinuation rates and the incidence of adverse events were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Numerically similar percentages of patients in most subgroups reported success on the last patient global assessment in the first 24 h for both the fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system and morphine intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. Similar percentages of investigators reported success ratings on the investigator global assessment at the last assessment for both treatment groups regardless of surgery type, except for the knee surgery subgroup (fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system, 75%; morphine intravenous patient-controlled analgesia, 95%). Mean last pain intensity scores in the first 24 h after surgery were similar in all subgroups. Rates of patient withdrawals and the incidence of adverse events were generally similar between treatment groups in the patient subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system and morphine intravenous patient-controlled analgesia are comparably well tolerated and effective methods of pain control, regardless of sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status or the type of anaesthesia used for surgery, and following most surgery types.
authors.affiliation: I.C.O.T.-Polo Pontino, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. consalvo.mattia@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Consalvo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mattia
authors.forename: Flaminia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coluzzi
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sonnino
authors.forename: Erling
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anker-Møller
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000379:methods*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007478:Iontophoresis / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine; D005283:Fentanyl