title: Short- and long-term outcomes of acute upper extremity arterial thromboembolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the short-/long-term outcomes after acute thromboembolism of the upper extremity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with acute arterial occlusion in the upper extremity were treated from January 1993 to July 2007 at our hospital. Their average age was 73.0, and 14 (66%) were male. The right and left limbs were affected in 15 cases (71%) and 6 cases (29%), respectively. The main associated disease was arrhythmia, in 20 cases (95%), including atrial fibrillation in 17 (81%). The time from onset to operation was 9.7 +/- 9.2 h (range: 2-41 h). All patients underwent thromboembolectomy with a Fogarty catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The symptoms showed regression in all cases after operation, but one patient died from cerebral infarction the following day. Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies are commonly prescribed in cases after thromboembolectomy. The free rates of thromboembolism were 74% and 27%, and cumulative actuarial survival rates were 95% and 61% at 1 and 3 years, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the high recurrence rates of thromboembolism, it seems necessary to severe anticoagulant therapy. Upper extremity thromboembolism should also be considered as one manifestation of a systemic embolism.
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nayoro City General Hospital, Hokkaido, Nayoro, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Magishi
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D017128:Embolectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017131:Thrombectomy; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors