title: A novel murine elastase saccular aneurysm model for studying bone marrow progenitor-derived cell-mediated processes in aneurysm formation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although there are several large-species animal models for saccular aneurysms, there is a need for a simple, reproducible saccular aneurysm model in mice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a murine saccular aneurysm model, which replicates key characteristics that occur in the formation of human cerebral aneurysms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Elastase is applied extravascularly to the right common carotid artery. We induced saccular aneurysm formation by our method in C57BL/6 mice (n = 30). Aneurysms and control arteries (left common carotid arteries) were harvested at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks postinjury (n = 10 for each time point), measured, and stained for elastin content. To demonstrate BMP-derived cell recruitment to the aneurysms, bone marrow from UBC-gfp transgenic mice was transplanted into irradiated C57BL/6 recipients to create C57BL/6.gfp chimeras. Additionally, bone marrow from DsRed transgenic mice was transplanted into irradiated C57BL/6 recipients to create C57BL/6.DsRed chimeras, and bone marrow from B5/EGFP transgenic mice was transplanted into irradiated FVB recipients to create FVB.gfp chimeras. The elastase injury or sham operations were performed in the C57BL/6.gfp, C57BL/6.DsRed, and FVB.gfp chimeras. Aneurysms and sham vessels were harvested at 3 weeks and examined for BMP-derived cell recruitment. Additionally, aneurysms were stained for matrix metalloproteinase-9, which is overexpressed in human cerebral aneurysm tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aneurysms consistently demonstrated significant loss of elastin in the vessel wall and had significantly larger diameters than control vessels (591 +/- 238 microm vs 328 +/- 61 microm; P = .003 for aneurysms 3 weeks postinjury). Aneurysms from C57BL/6.gfp, FVB.gfp, and C57BL/6.DsRed chimeras consistently revealed significant BMP-derived cell recruitment in the aneurysm wall that was not seen in sham-operated vessels nor in control left common carotid arteries. Aneurysms demonstrated overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We describe a novel murine elastase saccular aneurysm model that replicates the histopathology and BMP-derived cell-mediated processes that will be a valuable instrument for studying the cell-mediated processes in cerebral aneurysm formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA. brian.hoh@neurosurgery.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Hoh
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Velat
authors.forename: Erin N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Wilmer
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hosaka
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Edward W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000783:Aneurysm / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008164:Luminescent Proteins; C413663:fluorescent protein 583; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase