title: A new non-invasive technology to screen for dysglycaemia including diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assess the ability of a new device based on electrochemical principles using iontophoresis (the EZSCAN) to detect impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible Asian Indian subjects, n=212, had anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, followed by an OGTT, HbA1c, serum lipids tests and EZSCAN measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biochemically, 24 subjects were diagnosed with DM, 30 with IGT, 57 subjects had normal glucose tolerance (NGT) with metabolic syndrome (MS) and 101 had NGT without MS. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c levels were highest in the DM group (p<0.0001 for both). HDL-C levels were different (p=0.015). FPG at a cut-off level of 7.0 mmol/L had a low sensitivity to detect DM (29%) EZSCAN had a 75% sensitivity to detect DM, 70% for IGT and 84% for NGT with MS at threshold >50%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FPG had low sensitivity to detect DM in the study group. EZSCAN demonstrated good sensitivity to detect IGT and DM and also identified NGT with MS. The concept of measuring ion fluxes through the skin appears to be a powerful method for early detection of MS, IGT and DM.
authors.affiliation: India Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, No. 28, Marshall's Road, Egmore, Chennai 600008, India. ramachandran@vsnl.com
authors.forename: Ambady
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: Samith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.forename: Chandragiri Janakiraman
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Thirupurasundari
authors.forename: Abraham Catherin
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Seeli
authors.forename: Chamukuttan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Snehalatha
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singvi
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Deslypere
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose