title: The association between parent's and healthcare professional's behavior and children's coping and distress during venepuncture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Examine the association between children's distress and coping during venepuncture with parent's and healthcare professional's behavior in a sample from the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty children aged 7-16 years accompanied by a carer were videotaped while having venepuncture. Verbalizations of children, parents, and healthcare professionals were coded using the Child-Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale-Revised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children's distress was associated with child's age, anxiety, and distress promoting behavior of adults (R(2) = .91). Children's coping was associated with age, anxiety, and coping promoting behaviors of adults (R(2) = .57). Associations were stronger between healthcare professional's behavior and child coping; and between parent's behaviors and child distress. Empathizing, apologizing, and criticism were not frequently used by adults in this sample (<12%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports and extends previous research showing adult's behavior is important in children's distress and coping during needle procedures. Clinical implications and methodological issues are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK.
authors.forename: Liam
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ayers
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seddon
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D018962:Phlebotomy / Q000523:psychology*; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D014741:Video Recording