title: Gluten sensitivity: from gut to brain.
abstract: Gluten sensitivity is a systemic autoimmune disease with diverse manifestations. This disorder is characterised by abnormal immunological responsiveness to ingested gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Coeliac disease, or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is only one aspect of a range of possible manifestations of gluten sensitivity. Although neurological manifestations in patients with established coeliac disease have been reported since 1966, it was not until 30 years later that, in some individuals, gluten sensitivity was shown to manifest solely with neurological dysfunction. Furthermore, the concept of extraintestinal presentations without enteropathy has only recently become accepted. In this Personal View, we review the range of neurological manifestations of gluten sensitivity and discuss recent advances in the diagnosis and understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurological dysfunction related to gluten sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. m.hadjivassiliou@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hadjivassiliou
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Grünewald
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Woodroofe
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boscolo
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aeschlimann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005983:Glutens / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D005983:Glutens