title: Anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis and anti-inflammatory activities of A-type cranberry proanthocyanidins.
abstract: A-type cranberry proanthocyanidins (AC-PACs) have recently been reported to be beneficial for human health, especially urinary tract health. The effect of these proanthocyanidins on periodontitis, a destructive disease of tooth-supporting tissues, needs to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of AC-PACs on various virulence determinants of Porphyromonas gingivalis as well as on the inflammatory response of oral epithelial cells stimulated by this periodontopathogen. We examined the effects of AC-PACs on P. gingivalis growth and biofilm formation, adherence to human oral epithelial cells and protein-coated surfaces, collagenase activity, and invasiveness. We also tested the ability of AC-PACs to modulate the P. gingivalis-induced inflammatory response by human oral epithelial cells. Our results showed that while AC-PACs neutralized all the virulence properties of P. gingivalis in a dose-dependent fashion, they did not interfere with growth. They also inhibited the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) but did not affect the secretion of IL-6 by epithelial cells stimulated with P. gingivalis. This anti-inflammatory effect was associated with reduced activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) p65 pathway. AC-PACs may be potentially valuable bioactive molecules for the development of new strategies to treat and prevent P. gingivalis-associated periodontal diseases.
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Vu Dang
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: La
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grenier
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D016866:Bacteroidaceae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C483024:CCL5 protein, human; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D044945:Proanthocyanidins