Real-time craving differences between black and white smokers.
Black and White smokers may experience aspects of nicotine dependence, including craving, differently. This study used a naturalistic technique, ecological momentary assessment (EMA), to explore differences in craving, mood, expectancy, and smoking enjoyment between Black and White smokers. Participants carried personal digital assistants (PDAs) programmed to obtain multiple daily assessments. Black smokers reported higher craving after smoking and at random assessment times and higher cigarette enjoyment. No differences were found in mood or expectancy. Racial differences in psychological factors related to smoking are explored in the contexts of genetic, sociological, and psychophysiological distinctions. Implications for practice and research are discussed. (Am J Addict 2010;00:1-5).
Carter
Brian L
BL
University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. bcarter@mdanderson.org
Paris
Megan M
MM
Lam
Cho Y
CY
Robinson
Jason D
JD
Traylor
Amy C
AC
Waters
Andrew J
AJ
Wetter
David W
DW
Cinciripini
Paul M
PM
D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology*; D003199:Computer Systems; D006801:Humans; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*