title: The development of myopia among children with intermittent exotropia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the long-term refractive error changes in children diagnosed with intermittent exotropia (IXT) in a defined population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, population-based observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, the medical records of all children (<19 years) diagnosed with IXT as residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 1975 through December 31, 1994 were retrospectively reviewed for any change in refractive error over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred eighty-four children were diagnosed with IXT during the 20-year study period; 135 (73.4%) had 2 or more refractions separated by a mean of 10 years (range, 1-27 years). The Kaplan-Meier rate of developing myopia in this population was 7.4% by 5 years of age, 46.5% by 10 years, and 91.1% by 20 years. There were 106 patients with 2 or more refractions separated by at least 1 year through 21 years of age, of which 43 underwent surgery and 63 were observed. The annual overall progression was -0.26 diopters (SD +/- 0.24) without a statistically significant difference between the observed and surgical groups (P = .59).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population-based study of children with intermittent exotropia, myopia was calculated to occur in more than 90% of patients by 20 years of age. Observation versus surgical correction did not alter the refractive outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Noha S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ekdawi
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Nusz
authors.forename: Nancy N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Diehl
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Mohney
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D005099:Exotropia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies