title: Assessing the effects of application time and temperature on the efficacy of hot-water sprays to mitigate fouling by Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussels Pallas).
abstract: Dreissenid mussel (Dreissena polymorpha, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) expansion into the Western US has renewed interest in hot-water spray mitigation of mussel fouling on boat hulls, trailers, and other equipment. However, the efficacy of hot-water sprays to mitigate dreissenid fouling has not been experimentally assessed. Emersed, adult D. polymorpha were exposed to low-pressure, hot-water sprays at 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 degrees C for 1, 5, or 10 s. Sprays at > or = 60 degrees C for 10 s or 80 degrees C at > or = 5 s were 100% lethal. In contrast, 1-10 s exposures did not induce 100% mortality at < or = 50 degrees C. The results indicate that mitigation of D. polymorpha fouling, especially in areas protected from the hydraulic impacts of high-pressure sprays requires spray temperatures of > 80 degrees C applied for > 5 s or no less than 60 degrees C applied for > 10 s. Thus, presently recommended spray temperatures of > or = 60 degrees C may not be 100% effective unless applied for >10 s.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA. jmorse@uta.edu
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Morse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D049875:Dreissena / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014867:Water