title: The coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor reveals complex homophilic and heterophilic interactions on neural cells.
abstract: The coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a member of the Ig superfamily strongly expressed in the developing nervous system. Our histological investigations during development reveal an initial uniform distribution of CAR on all neural cells with a concentration on membranes that face the margins of the nervous system (e.g., the basal laminae and the ventricular side). At more advanced stages, CAR becomes downregulated and restricted to specific regions including areas rich in axonal and dendritic surfaces. To study the function of CAR on neural cells, we used the fiber knob of the adenovirus, extracellular CAR domains, blocking antibodies to CAR, as well as CAR-deficient neural cells. Blocking antibodies were found to inhibit neurite extension in retina organ and retinal explant cultures, whereas the application of the recombinant fiber knob of the adenovirus subtype Ad2 or extracellular CAR domains promoted neurite extension and adhesion to extracellular matrices. We observed a promiscuous interaction of CAR with extracellular matrix glycoproteins, which was deduced from analytical ultracentrifugation experiments, affinity chromatography, and adhesion assays. The membrane proximal Ig domain of CAR, termed D2, was found to bind to a fibronectin fragment, including the heparin-binding domain 2, which promotes neurite extension of wild type, but not of CAR-deficient neural cells. In contrast to heterophilic interactions, homophilic association of CAR involves both Ig domains, as was revealed by ultracentrifugation, chemical cross-linking, and adhesion studies. The results of these functional and binding studies are correlated to a U-shaped homodimer of the complete extracellular domains of CAR detected by x-ray crystallography.
authors.affiliation: Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patzke
authors.forename: Klaas E A
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Max
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Behlke
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Armin A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dorner
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kröger
authors.forename: Mechthild
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: Albrecht
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Heinemann
authors.forename: Fritz G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Rathjen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000494:pharmacology; D016466:CHO Cells; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D062727:Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D019281:Dimerization; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D016501:Neurites / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000502:physiology; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; C568771:CLMP protein, human; C568772:CLMP protein, mouse; D062727:Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005353:Fibronectins; D011991:Receptors, Virus