title: GATA3 inhibits breast cancer metastasis through the reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
abstract: GATA3, a transcription factor that regulates T lymphocyte differentiation and maturation, is exclusively expressed in early stage well differentiated breast cancers but not in advanced invasive cancers. However, little is understood regarding its activity and the mechanisms underlying this differential expression in cancers. Here, we employed GATA3-positive, non-invasive (MCF-7) and GATA3-negative, invasive (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells to define its role in the transformation between these two distinct phenotypes. Ectopic expression of GATA3 in MDA-MB-231 cells led to a cuboidal-like epithelial phenotype and reduced cell invasive activity. These cells also increased E-cadherin expression but decreased levels of vimentin, N-cadherin, and MMP-9. Further, MDA-MB-231 cells expressing GATA3 grew smaller primary tumors without metastasis compared with larger metastatic tumors derived from control MDA-MB-231 cells in xenografted mice. GATA3 was found to induce E-cadherin expression through binding GATA-like motifs located in the E-cadherin promoter. Blockade of GATA3 using small interfering RNA gene knockdown in MCF-7 cells triggered fibroblastic transformation and cell invasion, resulting in distant metastasis. Studies of human breast cancer showed that GATA3 expression correlated with elevated E-cadherin levels, ER expression, and long disease-free survival. These data suggest that GATA3 drives invasive breast cancer cells to undergo the reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, leading to the suppression of cancer metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, University of Massachusetts, Springfield, Massachusetts 01107, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Qing Jackie
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Arenas
authors.forename: Brooke
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014746:Vimentin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C050361:CDH2 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494749:GATA3 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014746:Vimentin; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9