title: In vitro antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and acute oral toxicity of marine algae Gracilaria changii.
abstract: Methanol extract of the Gracilaria changii has been screened for antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial activities were carried out using disc diffusion assay and broth dilution method against P. aeruginosa. The methanol extract of G. changii showed a good antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa with MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) value of 6.25mg/ml. Exposure of P. aeruginosa cells to 6.25mg/ml of methanol extract of G. changii resulted in complete inhibition of the bacterial cells. The main abnormalities noted via SEM and TEM studies were the alterations in morphology and cytology of the bacterial cells. The main reason for this deterioration was discussed. The effect of the methanol extract on the growth profile for the bacteria was also done and confirmed the bactericidal effect of the G. changii methanol extract on P. aeruginosa by changing the normal growth profile of P. aeruginosa. In an acute toxicity study using mice, the median lethal dose (LD(50)) of the extract was greater than 2000 mg/kg, and we found no pathological changes in macroscopic examination by necropsy of mice treated with extract. We conclude that G. changii might be safely used as an antimicrobial agent.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Penang, Malaysia. srisasidharan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sreenivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasidharan
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Darah
authors.forename: Mohd Kassim Mohd Jain
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Noordin
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000494:pharmacology; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000633:toxicity; D044724:Gracilaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D000432:Methanol; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012623:Seawater; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D000432:Methanol