title: Novel lines of Pax6-/- embryonic stem cells exhibit reduced neurogenic capacity without loss of viability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Embryonic stem (ES) cells can differentiate into all cell types and have been used extensively to study factors affecting neuronal differentiation. ES cells containing mutations in known genes have the potential to provide useful in vitro models for the study of gene function during neuronal differentiation. Recently, mouse ES cell lines lacking the neurogenic transcription factor Pax6 were reported; neurons derived from these Pax6-/- ES cells died rapidly after neuronal differentiation in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we report the derivation of new lines of Pax6-/- ES cells and the assessment of their ability to survive and differentiate both in vitro and in vivo. Neurons derived from our new Pax6-/- lines were viable and continued to elaborate processes in culture under conditions that resulted in the death of neurons derived from previously reported Pax6-/- ES cell lines. The new lines of Pax6-/-ES cells showed reduced neurogenic potential, mimicking the effects of loss of Pax6 in vivo. We used our new lines to generate Pax6-/- <--> Pax6+/+ chimeras in which the mutant cells survived and displayed the same phenotypes as Pax6-/- cells in Pax6-/- <--> Pax6+/+ chimeras made by embryo aggregation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that loss of Pax6 from ES cells reduces their neurogenic capacity but does not necessarily result in the death of derived neurons. We offer these new lines as additional tools for those interested in the generation of chimeras and the analysis of in vitro ES cell models of Pax6 function during neuronal differentiation, embryonic and postnatal development.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK. jquinn@csu.edu.au
authors.forename: Jane C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molinek
authors.forename: Tomasz J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Nowakowski
authors.forename: John O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D002678:Chimera; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; C000605732:Pax6 protein, mouse; D012097:Repressor Proteins