title: Big losses lead to irrational decision-making in gambling situations: relationship between deliberation and impulsivity.
abstract: In gambling situations, we found a paradoxical reinforcing effect of high-risk decision-making after repeated big monetary losses. The computerized version of the Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara et al., 2000), which contained six big loss cards in deck B', was conducted on normal healthy college students. The results indicated that the total number of selections from deck A' and deck B' decreased across trials. However, there was no decrease in selections from deck B'. Detailed analysis of the card selections revealed that some people persisted in selecting from the "risky" deck B' as the number of big losses increased. This tendency was prominent in self-rated deliberative people. However, they were implicitly impulsive, as revealed by the matching familiar figure test. These results suggest that the gap between explicit deliberation and implicit impulsivity drew them into pathological gambling.
authors.affiliation: SHIMOJO Implicit Brain Function Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa, Japan. ytakano@shimojo.jst.go.jp
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hironaka
mesh_terms: D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D005717:Games, Experimental; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D012309:Risk-Taking; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult