title: Slight dilatation of the main pancreatic duct and presence of pancreatic cysts as predictive signs of pancreatic cancer: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively determine whether slight dilatation of the main pancreatic duct and pancreatic cysts detected at ultrasonography (US) are predictive signs of pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research protocol was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. One thousand fifty-eight subjects (age range, 36-80 years; mean, 61.8 years) with various kinds of abnormal US findings in the pancreas were enrolled from 1999 to 2002, after exclusion of pancreatic neoplasm and other malignant diseases. The endpoint was the subsequent development of pancreatic cancer, and the outcome was determined at the end of December 2007. To identify independent predictive variables for the subsequent development of pancreatic cancer, various baseline characteristics were examined by using a Cox regression model and a Cox proportional hazards model. The cumulative incidence of pancreatic cancer was estimated by using the Kaplan-Meyer method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the mean follow-up of 75.5 months (+/- 17.3[standard deviation]), pancreatic cancer subsequently developed in 12 of 1058 subjects. The risk of pancreatic cancer was significantly elevated in subjects with slight dilatation (> or = 2.5 mm) of the main pancreatic duct or presence of cyst (s) (> or = 5 mm). The respective hazard ratios were 6.38 (P = .018) and 6.23 (P = .003). For subjects with both findings, the 5-year cumulative risk of pancreatic cancer was 5.62% (95% confidence interval: .37%, 13.03%), and the age-and sex-adjusted hazard ratio compared with the risk in the absence of these findings was 27.50 (P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Main pancreatic duct dilatation (> or = 2.5 mm) and presence of a pancreatic cyst (> or = 5 mm) were both strong independent predictors of the subsequent development of pancreatic cancer. (c) RSNA, 2010.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cancer Survey, Cancer Control and Statistics, and Gastroenterology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer & CVD, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari, Osaka 537-8511, Japan. sachi686@cocoa.plala.or.jp
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ioka
authors.forename: Rena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takakura
authors.forename: Yasuna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukuma
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fukuda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010181:Pancreatic Cyst / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media