title: Cardiotoxic injury caused by chronic administration of microcystin-YR.
abstract: Microcystins are cyclic peptide toxins. Chronic intoxication with well-known members of the microcystin family--microcystins-LR--induces liver tumour formation, injury of kidney and heart. Despite worldwide distribution in the environment, the effects of microcystins-YR have not been studied extensively. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether microcystins-YR, in relatively low doses, have a toxic effect on cardiomyocytes of chronically treated rats. Male adult Wistar rats were treated every second day for 8 months with microcystins-YR (10 microg/kg i.p., N = 5). Control groups were treated either with vehicle (ethanol and methanol 4 : 1 v/v; N = 5) or with physiologic saline (N = 4). The heart sections of microcystin-YR-treated rats revealed decreased volume density of cardiac muscle tissue (microcystins- YR = 0.485 mm3/mm3 +/- 0.003; vehicle = 0.493 mm3/mm3 +/- 0.002; saline = 0.492 mm3/mm3 +/- 0.002) due to fibrous proliferation. A few lymphocyte infiltrates were observed. Most of cardiomyocytes were enlarged (microcystins-YR = 20.19 microm +/- 1.34, vehicle = 17.45 microm +/- 0.52, saline = 16.00 microm +/- 1.43), with enlarged and often bizarre-shaped nuclei and decreased myofibril volume fraction (microcystins- YR = 0.416 mm3/mm3 +/- 0.009; vehicle = 0.472 mm3/ mm3 +/- 0.009; saline = 0.479 mm3/mm3 +/- 0.010). No TUNEL-positive cells were found in the heart sections of rats in all groups. The results allow the conclusion that chronic exposure to low doses of microcystins-YR may cause atrophy and fibrosis of the heart muscle.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suput
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zorc-Pleskovic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petrovic
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milutinović
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052998:Microcystins / Q000633:toxicity*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D052998:Microcystins; C065685:microcystin YR