Unique post-translational modifications in specialized microtubule architecture.
Microtubules (MTs) play specialized roles in a wide variety of cellular events, e.g. molecular transport, cell motility, and cell division. Specialized MT architectures, such as bundles, axonemes, and centrioles, underlie the function. The specialized function and highly organized structure depend on interactions with MT-binding proteins. MT-associated proteins (e.g. MAP1, MAP2, and tau), molecular motors (kinesin and dynein), plus-end tracking proteins (e.g. CLIP-170), and MT-severing proteins (e.g. katanin) interact with MTs. How can the MT-binding proteins know temporospatial information to associate with MTs and to properly play their roles? Post-translational modifications (PTMs) including detyrosination, polyglutamylation, and polyglycylation can provide molecular landmarks for the proteins. Recent efforts to identify modification-regulating enzymes (TTL, carboxypeptidase, polyglutamylase, polyglycylase) and to generate genetically manipulated animals enable us to understand the roles of the modifications. In this review, we present recent advances in understanding regulation of MT function, structure, and stability by PTMs.
Ikegami
Koji
K
Department of Molecular Anatomy, Molecular Imaging Advanced Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan.
Setou
Mitsutoshi
M
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000074201:Katanin; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010455:Peptides; C076744:cytoplasmic linker protein 170; C011080:polyglycine; C097188:polyglutamine; D014443:Tyrosine; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000074201:Katanin