title: Dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate as a biomarker for mucopolysaccharidosis I.
abstract: Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase leading to accumulation of its catabolic substrates, dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS), in lysosomes. This results in progressive multiorgan dysfunction and death in early childhood. The recent success of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for MPS I highlights the need for biomarkers that reflect response to such therapy. To determine which biochemical markers are better, we determined serum and urine DS and HS levels by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in ERT-treated MPS I patients. The group included one Hurler, 11 Hurler/Scheie, and two Scheie patients. Seven patients were treated from week 1, whereas the other seven were treated from week 26. Serum and urine DS (DeltaDi-4S/6S) and HS (DeltaDiHS-0S, DeltaDiHS-NS) were measured at baseline, week 26, and week 72. Serum DeltaDi-4S/6S, DeltaDiHS-0S, and DeltaDiHS-NS levels decreased by 72%, 56%, and 56%, respectively, from baseline at week 72. Urinary glycosaminoglycan level decreased by 61.2%, whereas urine DeltaDi-4S/6S, DeltaDiHS-0S, and DeltaDiHS-NS decreased by 66.8%, 71.8%, and 71%, respectively. Regardless of age and clinical severity, all patients showed marked decrease of DS and HS in blood and urine samples. We also evaluated serum DS and HS from dried blood-spot samples of three MPS I newborn patients, showing marked elevation of DS and HS levels compared with those in control newborns. In conclusion, blood and urine levels of DS and HS provide an intrinsic monitoring and screening tool for MPS I patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63104, USA. tomatsus@slu.edu
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomatsu
authors.forename: Adriana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Montaño
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oguma
authors.forename: Vu Chi
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Dung
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: Talita Giacomet
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: María L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushi
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakura
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barrera
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Orii
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008059:Mucopolysaccharidosis I / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D006497:Heparan Sulfate