title: Unique complications of foot and ankle injuries secondary to warfare.
abstract: This article discusses the common complications associated with lower extremity trauma and amputations secondary to combat injuries. The complications include retained fragments, soft tissue adhesions, poor wound healing, painful bursae, neuroma formation, heterotopic ossification, and depleted uranium. Although there is some literature on these topics, most is based on noncombat injuries, indicating a need for further research into the management of these devastating injuries.
authors.affiliation: The San Antonio Orthopaedic Group, San Antonio, TX 78258, USA. rursone@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ursone
mesh_terms: D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D014857:Warfare; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology