Repair of large cranial defects by hBMP-2 expressing bone marrow stromal cells: comparison between alginate and collagen type I systems.
Despite a wide range of available sources for bone repair, significant limitations persist. To bioengineer bone, we have previously transferred adenovirus-mediated human BMP-2 gene into autologous bone marrow stromal cells (MSC). We have successfully repaired large, full thickness, cranial defects using this approach. We report now the effectiveness of various hydrogels as the scaffold for this type of bone regeneration, comparing specifically alginate with Type I collagen. Cultured MSC of miniature swine were infected with BMP-2 or beta-gal adenovirus 7 days before implantation. These cells were mixed with alginate, ultrapure alginate, alginate-RGD, or type I collagen to fabricate the MSC/biomaterial constructs. The results of cranial bone regeneration were assessed by gross examination, histology, 3D CT, and biomechanical tests at 6 weeks and 3 months after implantation. We found that the BMP-2 MSC/collagen type I construct, but not the beta-gal control, effectively achieved nearly complete repair of the cranial defects. No bone regeneration was observed with the other hydrogels. Biomechanical testing showed that the new bone strength was very close and only slightly inferior to that of normal cranial bone. Controlling for the integration of stem cells and ex vivo gene transfer, the alginate scaffolds has a significant negative impact on the success of the construct. Our study demonstrates better bone regeneration by collagen type I over alginate. This may have therapeutic implications for tissue engineered bone repair.
Chang
Sophia Chia Ning
SC
Department of Plastic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
Chung
Hui-Ying
HY
Tai
Ching-Lung
CL
Chen
Philips Kuo Ting
PK
Lin
Tsung-Min
TM
Jeng
Long-Bin
LB
D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008422:Materials Testing; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D014945:Wound Healing
D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D024042:Collagen Type I; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid