title: Dietary restraint and control over "wanting" following consumption of "forbidden" food.
abstract: Eating behavior can be influenced by the rewarding value of food, i.e., "liking" and "wanting." The objective of this study was to assess in normal-weight dietary restrained (NR) vs. unrestrained (NU) eaters how rewarding value of food is affected by satiety, and by eating a nonhealthy perceived, dessert-specific food vs. a healthy perceived, neutral food (chocolate mousse vs. cottage cheese). Subjects (24NR age = 25.0 ± 8.2 years, BMI = 22.3 ± 2.1 kg/m(2); 26NU age = 24.8 ± 8.0 years, BMI = 22.1 ± 1.7 kg/m(2)) came to the university twice, fasted (randomized crossover design). Per test-session "liking" and "wanting" for 72 items divided in six categories (bread, filling, drinks, dessert, sweets, stationery (placebo)) was measured, before and after consumption of chocolate mousse/cottage cheese, matched for energy content (5.6 kJ/g) and individual daily energy requirements (10%). Chocolate mousse was liked more than cottage cheese (P < 0.05). After consumption of chocolate mousse or cottage cheese, appetite and "liking" vs. placebo were decreased in NR and NU (P < 0.03), whereas "wanting" was only decreased in NR vs. NU (P ≤ 0.01). In NR vs. NU "wanting" was specifically decreased after chocolate mousse vs. cottage cheese; this decrease concerned especially "wanting" for bread and filling (P < 0.05). To conclude, despite similar decreases in appetite and "liking" after a meal in NR and NU, NR decrease "wanting" in contrast to NU. NR decrease "wanting" specifically for a nonhealthy perceived, "delicious," dessert-specific food vs. a nutritional identical, yet healthy perceived, slightly less "delicious," "neutral" food. A healthy perceived food may thus impose greater risk for control of energy intake in NR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. s.lemmens@hb.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Sofie G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.forename: Jurriaan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Born
authors.forename: Femke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rutters
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Schoffelen
authors.forename: Loek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.forename: Margriet S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Westerterp-Plantenga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002099:Cacao; D002755:Choice Behavior; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D002149:Energy Intake; D005215:Fasting; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012201:Reward; D012528:Satiety Response; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose