title: Guidelines' criteria for rate control in atrial fibrillation: are they useful?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The AHA/ACC/ESC Guidelines for management of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients suggest criteria for adequate rate control. We hypothesized that AF patients fulfilling these criteria would have better quality of life (QoL) and exercise capacity compared to the ones not fulfilling the criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heart rate at rest, during moderate exercise and over 24 hours, and peak oxygen uptake (VO(2) peak) were measured in patients with permanent AF, all aged 75 years, recruited from two Norwegian municipalities. SF-36 Physical component summary (PCS) and Mental component summary (MCS) QoL scores were assessed. The similar program was also applied to 71 age-matched subjects in sinus rhythm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven AF patients participated. Six (22%) of the AF patients satisfied the Guidelines' criteria for rate control; their VO(2) peak (mean +/- SD) was 23.0 +/- 6.5 versus 22.6 +/- 5.3 ml/kg/min in AF patients not satisfying the criteria, PCS score had median (25(th), 75(th) percentile) 44 (30, 57) versus 41 (31, 47), and MCS score had median 52 (40, 62) versus 56 (43, 60), all p-values > 0.500. When the rate criteria were applied to the group in sinus rhythm, only 45% had heart rates within the ranges recommended by the Guidelines for AF patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AF patients satisfying the Guidelines' criteria for adequate rate control did not have higher oxygen uptake or report better QoL than AF patients not satisfying the criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway. inger.ariansen@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ariansen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdelnoor
authors.forename: Arnljot
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tveit
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gjesdal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents