Regulation of skeletal muscle cell plasticity by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α.
Exercise triggers a pleiotropic response in skeletal muscle, which results in a profound remodeling of this tissue. Physical activity-dependent muscle fiber plasticity is regulated by a number of distinct signaling pathways. Even though most of these pathways are activated by different stimuli and in a temporally and spatially separated manner during exercise, many of the major signal transduction events converge on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) by post-translationally modifying the PGC-1α protein, modulating PGC-1α gene expression or both. In turn, depending on the cellular context, PGC-1α regulates specific gene programs. Ultimately, PGC-1α modulates most of the transcriptional adaptations of skeletal muscle to exercise. In this review, the regulation and function of this pivotal transcriptional coactivator in muscle are discussed.
Handschin
Christoph
C
Biozentrum, Division of Pharmacology/Neurobiology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. christoph.handschin@unibas.ch
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D014157:Transcription Factors