title: Special commentary on the issue of reinfibulation.
abstract: Policy on reinfibulation exposes the interface between individual or micro-ethics and population-wide or macro-ethics. If, following childbirth, an infibulated woman requests reinfibulation, a gynecologist may respectfully advise her of its negative implications, but would not act in breach of ethical or usually legal requirements in undertaking the procedure. However, as a matter of health policy and professional responsibility, physicians should refuse to initiate infibulation, and advise their patients and communities that the procedure is harmful, not required by religious or other ordinance, and frequently if not always unlawful. Reinfibulation is not genital cutting (or "mutilation") in itself, but when undertaken by a physician may appear to condone infibulation. This is contrary to medical professional ethics, which condemn medicalization of infibulation and generally of reinfibulation, even as a harm-reduction strategy to spare women the risks of injury and infection from unskilled interventions.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Law, Faculty of Medicine and Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 2C5.
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Bernard M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Dickens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D019093:Circumcision, Female; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D012945:Social Values; D016387:Women's Health; D055815:Young Adult