title: Quality-of-life change associated with robotic-assisted therapy to improve hand motor function in patients with subacute stroke: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  At 6 months poststroke, most patients cannot incorporate their affected hand into daily activities, which in turn is likely to reduce their perceived quality of life.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This preliminary study explored change in patient-reported, health-related quality of life associated with robotic-assisted therapy combined with reduced therapist-supervised training.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-blind, multi-site, randomized clinical trial was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen individuals who were 3 to 9 months poststroke participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty hours of therapist-supervised repetitive task practice (RTP) was compared with 30 hours of RTP combined with 30 hours of robotic-assisted therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) at baseline, immediately postintervention, and 2 months postintervention. Change in SIS score domains was assessed in a mixed model analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combined therapy group had a greater increase in rating of mood from preintervention to postintervention, and the RTP-only group had a greater increase in rating of social participation from preintervention to follow-up. Both groups had statistically significant improvement in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living scores from preintervention to postintervention. Both groups reported significant improvement in hand function postintervention and at follow-up, and the magnitude of these changes suggested clinical significance. The combined therapy group had significant improvements in stroke recovery rating postintervention and at follow-up, which appeared clinically significant; this also was true for stroke recovery rating from preintervention to follow-up in the RTP-only group. LIMITATIONS OUTCOMES: of 30 hours of RTP in the absence of robotic-assisted therapy remain unknown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Robotic-assisted therapy may be an effective alternative or adjunct to the delivery of intensive task practice interventions to enhance hand function recovery in patients with stroke.
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, 1441 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. nkutner@emory.edu
authors.forename: Nancy G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Kutner
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Jay L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Alberts
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000339:Affect; D004576:Electromyography; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010291:Paresis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D012371:Robotics; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation