title: Cinnamomum cassia bark in two herbal formulas increases life span in Caenorhabditis elegans via insulin signaling and stress response pathways.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proving the efficacy and corresponding mode of action of herbal supplements is a difficult challenge for evidence-based herbal therapy. A major hurdle is the complexity of herbal preparations, many of which combine multiple herbs, particularly when the combination is assumed to be vitally important to the effectiveness of the herbal therapy. This issue may be addressed through the use of contemporary methodology and validated animal models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, two commonly used traditional herbal formulas, Shi Quan Da Bu Tang (SQDB) and Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXL) were evaluated using a survival assay and oxidative stress biomarkers in a well-established C. elegans model of aging. HLXL is an eleven herb formula modified from a top-selling traditional herbal formula for the treatment of arthritic joint pain. SQDB consists of ten herbs often used for fatigue and energy, particularly in the aged. We demonstrate here that SQDB significantly extend life span in a C. elegans model of aging. Among all individual herbs tested, two herbs Cinnamomum cassia bark (Chinese pharmaceutical name: Cinnamomi Cortex, CIN) and Panax ginseng root (Chinese pharmaceutical name: Ginseng Radix, GS) significantly extended life span in C. elegans. CIN in both SQDB and HLXL formula extended life span via modulation of multiple longevity assurance genes, including genes involved in insulin signaling and stress response pathways. All the life-span-extending herbs (SQDB, CIN and GS) also attenuated levels of H2O2 and enhanced small heat shock protein expression. Furthermore, the life span-extending herbs significantly delayed human amyloid beta (Abeta)-induced toxicity in transgenic C. elegans expressing human Abeta.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results validate an invertebrate model for rapid, systematic evaluation of commonly used Chinese herbal formulations and may provide insight for designing future evidence-based herbal therapy(s).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Young-Beob
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dosanjh
authors.forename: Lixing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lao
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Bum Sang
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D032904:Cinnamomum aromaticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050888:Heat-Shock Proteins, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D023421:Models, Animal; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010243:Paralysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry*; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D050888:Heat-Shock Proteins, Small; C108431:hsp-16.2 protein, C elegans; C547651:huo luo xiao ling dan; C063587:juzentaihoto; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D011972:Receptor, Insulin