title: Penicillin allergy: value of including amoxicillin as a determinant in penicillin skin testing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergy to penicillins remains an important issue. Penicillin skin testing (PST) with major and minor determinants has been shown to be a highly valuable tool for identifying IgE-mediated penicillin allergy. The value of additional testing with side-chain-specific moieties from semisynthetic penicillins such as amoxicillin is not well-established in spite of the widespread use of these medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of all consecutive inpatient PST results from 1995 to 2007 comprising 1,068 patients was performed in our institution on individuals with a self-reported history of beta-lactam allergy to assess the importance of including the amoxicillin determinant in a previously validated PST panel. Descriptive statistics were performed. The PST panel included penicilloyl-polylysine, penicillin G, penicilloate, penilloate and amoxicillin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1,068 patients, 243 (23%) had a positive skin test reaction on the PST panel. Testing with amoxicillin was positive in 30.9% of patients, the majority of whom (81%) were also positive to 1 or more standard penicillin reagents. Fourteen of the 243 positive patients (5.8%) had a positive skin test reaction only to amoxicillin. Additionally, the use of penicilloate and penilloate minor determinants in combination with penicillin G identified a greater percentage of penicillin-allergic individuals compared to using only penicillin G (22.6 vs. 6.6%), demonstrating their importance in the PST panel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that the inclusion of the amoxicillin determinant appears to identify a small but important group of allergic individuals who may otherwise test negative on a PST panel.
authors.affiliation: The Hart and Louis Laboratory, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA. erinalin @ mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Erina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saxon
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riedl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000658:Amoxicillin; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010397:Penicillanic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: C008782:penicilloic acid; D000658:Amoxicillin; D010397:Penicillanic Acid; C017609:penilloic acid; D010400:Penicillin G