title: Role of FDG-PET and PET/CT in the diagnosis and management of vasculitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to investigate the role of FDG-PET and PET/CT in the evaluation of vasculitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  a systematic revision of the papers published in PubMed/Medline until December 2009 was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FDG-PET and PET/CT have been proven to be valuable in the diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis, especially giant cells arteritis with sensitivity values ranging 77% to 92%, and specificity values ranging 89% to 100%. In particular, FDG-PET/CT has demonstrated the potential to non-invasively diagnose the onset of the vasculitis earlier than traditional anatomical imaging techniques, thus enabling prompt treatment. False positive results mainly occur in the differential diagnosis between vasculitis and atherosclerotic vessels in elderly patients. Another area where FDG-PET/CT is gaining wider acceptance is in monitoring response to therapy; it can reliably detect the earliest changes of disease improvement post-therapy, and persistent activity is an indicator of non-responders to therapy. A few data have been reported about medium/small vessel vasculitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDG-PET and PET/CT have proven utility: (a) in the initial diagnosis of patients suspected of having vasculitis particularly in those who present with non-specific symptoms; (b) in the identification of areas of increased FDG uptake in which a biopsy should be done for obtaining a diagnosis; (c) in evaluating the extent of the disease; (d) in assessing response to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Imene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zerizer
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barwick
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Marzola
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rubello
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Nahhas
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18