title: Maternal renal interlobar vein impedance index is higher in early- than in late-onset pre-eclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that Doppler characteristics of maternal renal interlobar veins (RIV) are different between pregnancies affected by early-onset pre-eclampsia (EP) and those affected by late-onset pre-eclampsia (LP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A gestational age of 34 weeks was considered to differentiate EP from LP. All women had a renal duplex scan according to a standard protocol, with known intraobserver correlation coefficient (0.88). Maximum (Vmax) and minimum (Vmin) RIV velocities were measured on two occasions (between 28 and 32 and between 34 and 37 weeks) in 18 women with uncomplicated pregnancy (UP). In women with EP (n = 32) or LP (n = 41), these variables were measured once, within 3 days following hospital admission. Delta velocity (DeltaV) was calculated as Vmax - Vmin and the RIV impedance index (RIVI) was calculated as DeltaV/Vmax. Data on neonatal outcome and maternal renal function were obtained for UP and those with EP and LP, and group-specific means +/- SD were calculated and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with UP, the RIVI of both left and right kidneys was higher in those with EP (0.49 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.36 +/- 0.04, P = 0.0001, and 0.46 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.04, P = 0.0008) and in those with LP (0.41 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.37 +/- 0.06, P = 0.04, and 0.38 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.05, P = 0.009). RIVI was higher in pregnancies with EP than in those with LP (P < or = 0.01), and this difference was associated with lower median birth-weight percentiles (22.5 (interquartile range (IQR), 15-35) vs. 40.0 (IQR, 12-55), P = 0.01), higher maternal serum uric acid concentrations (419 +/- 84 vs. 374 +/- 85 micromol/L, P = 0.03) and higher proteinuria (4131 +/- 3885 vs. 1190 +/- 1133 mg/24 h, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal vascular maladaption in pre-eclampsia is associated with abnormal Doppler findings in the venous compartment. RIVI is higher in EP than in LP pregnancies and this is associated with lower birth-weight percentiles and higher proteinuria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium. wilfried.gyselaers@zol.be
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gyselaers
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mesens
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomsin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Molenberghs
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peeters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal