title: Decision analytic model for evaluation of suspected coronary disease with stress testing and coronary CT angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to apply a decision analytic model for the evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) to define the optimal utilization of coronary computed tomographic angiography (cCTA) and stress testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model tested in this study assumes that CAD is evaluated with a stress test and/or cCTA and that a patient with positive evaluation results undergoes cardiac catheterization. On the basis of values of sensitivity, specificity, and radiation dose from the published literature and test costs from the Medicare fee schedule, a decision tree model was constructed as a function of disease prevalence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The false-negative rate is lowest when cCTA is used as an isolated test. The false-positive rate is minimized when cCTA is used in combination with stress echocardiography. Effective radiation is minimized by use of stress electrocardiography or stress echocardiography alone or prior to cCTA. When the pretest probability of CAD is low, a strategy that uses stress echocardiography followed by cCTA minimizes the false-positive rate and effective radiation exposure, with relatively low imaging costs and with a false-negative rate only slightly higher than a strategy including stress myocardial scintigraphy. As the pretest probability of CAD increases above 20%, the false-negative rate of stress echocardiography followed by cCTA increases by >5% relative to cCTA alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Effective radiation dose and imaging costs for the workup of CAD may be minimized by an appropriate combination of stress testing and cCTA. A strategy that uses stress echocardiography followed by cCTA is most appropriate for the evaluation of low-risk patients with CAD with a pretest probability < 20%, while cCTA alone may be more appropriate in intermediate-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5244, USA.
authors.forename: Ethan J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fischman
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: Anish R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Koka
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DeCaro
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology