title: High mortality among heart failure patients treated with antidepressants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to assess whether pharmacologically treated depression was associated with increased mortality risk in systolic heart failure (SHF) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n=3346) with SHF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 0.45) and primarily New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes II-III (78%) were recruited from a clinical database used in 20 heart failure clinics in Denmark. The association between pharmacologically treated depression identified by at least one prescription of an antidepressant and mortality risk was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up time was 540 days (range: 30-1600 days). 539 patients died. For 243 patients (7%) an antidepressant had been prescribed at least once. In a Cox Proportional Hazard Model, pharmacologically treated depression was associated with a 49% increased mortality risk (Hazard ratio: 1.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-2.16) after adjustment for traditional confounders. Three months after the baseline visit in the heart failure clinic, these patients received lower doses of beta-blockers than patients without antidepressant therapy (p=0.006). Female sex (p<0.001) and NYHA classes III-IV (p=0.007) were associated with the prescription of an antidepressant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analyses suggest that pharmacologically treated depression is associated with a 49% increased mortality risk, and that these high-risk patients receive lower doses of beta-blockers than patients with no antidepressant therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. amtangev@ofir.dk
authors.forename: Karsten T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Veien
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Videbæk
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schou
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Flemming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hald-Steffensen
authors.forename: Per R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents