title: Expression profiles of ProEx C and Ki67 in squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the skin and their relationship with human papillomavirus genotypes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ProExC is a new marker for identification of precursor lesions of cervical carcinoma. Its utility in noncervical squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) such as Bowen's disease (BD) and actinic keratosis (AK) where human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a role has not been elucidated. Our aim was to ascertain the immunohistochemical features and clinical utility of ProExC in SCCIS of the skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  HPV presence was tested in SCCIS (38 BD and 7 AK) using GP5+/6+ and Short PCR fragment (SPF) primers and subsequently genotyped. Histopathologic sections were stained for ProExC and Ki67. A set of non-neoplastic skin proliferative lesions were included for immunohistochemical evaluation [14 psoriasis (PS) and 6 psoriasiform dermatitis (PSD)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV was detected in 18.9% BD. ProExC and Ki67 in the whole epidermis thickness was observed in 86.5 and 37.1% BD, respectively (p < 0.0001). ProExC and Ki67 were restricted to the lower third of the epidermis in PS and PSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ProExC expression is not associated with HPV in SCCIS of the skin. Proliferating cells are better delineated in SCCIS by ProExC which may be useful to assess the extent of these lesions. Different immunohistochemical profiles seen in neoplasic and non-neoplastic skin lesions suggest diverse alteration of cell-cycle kinetics.
authors.affiliation: SM Rosell University Hospital, Cartagena, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Hernández
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conesa-Zamora
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Solano
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corbalán-Vélez
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Barba
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez-Guillermo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004279:DNA, Viral; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen