title: Comparison of hand-assisted laparoscopic and open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present our experience of hand-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (HALRC) and compare it with open radical cystectomy (ORC).
  
  
  METHODS
  During the period between May 2004 and November 2007, 31 patients underwent HALRC and 39 patients underwent ORC for bladder cancer. The patient demographics, intraoperative variables and postoperative outcomes were compared retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference with regard to age, sex, body mass index, and urinary diversion in the 2 groups. In the HALRC group, 20 patients had stage pT2 or less, 7 had pT3 disease, and 4 had stage pT4 disease. In the ORC group, 29 patients had stage pT2 or less, 5 had pT3 disease, and 5 had stage pT4 disease. All margins in both groups were negative. The HALRC group had decreased blood loss (250.9 vs. 812.8 ml, p < 0.001) and a lower rate of transfusion (9.7 vs. 76.9%, p < 0.001), but similar mean operative time (365.7 vs. 362.6 min, p = 0.862). Time to liquid diet was significantly less in the HALRC group versus the ORC group (4.3 vs. 6.3 days, p < 0.001). The median number of lymph nodes were similar between the HALRC and ORC groups (14 vs. 15, p = 0.377). Six patients developed perioperative complications in the HALRC group and 12 patients had complications in the ORC group (19.4 vs. 30.8%, p = 0.278). Late complications occurred in 3 patients (2 parastomal hernias and 1 ureteroenteral stricture) in the HALRC group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with ORC, HALRC patients had decreased blood loss, less transfusion requirements, and quicker intestinal recovery. Long-term follow-up in a larger cohort of patients is needed to assess the long-term oncological and functional outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Zheng
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ling-Wu
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yong-Hai
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wen-Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huan-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012008:Recurrence; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy*