title: Therapeutic efficacy of human hepatocyte transplantation in a SCID/uPA mouse model with inducible liver disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe Combined Immune Deficient (SCID)/Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) mice undergo liver failure and are useful hosts for the propagation of transplanted human hepatocytes (HH) which must compete with recipient-derived hepatocytes for replacement of the diseased liver parenchyma. While partial replacement by HH has proven useful for studies with Hepatitis C virus, complete replacement of SCID/uPA mouse liver by HH has never been achieved and limits the broader application of these mice for other areas of biomedical research. The herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase (HSVtk)/ganciclovir (GCV) system is a powerful tool for cell-specific ablation in transgenic animals. The aim of this study was to selectively eliminate murine-derived parenchymal liver cells from humanized SCID/uPA mouse liver in order to achieve mice with completely humanized liver parenchyma. Thus, we reproduced the HSVtk (vTK)/GCV system of hepatic failure in SCID/uPA mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro experiments demonstrated efficient killing of vTK expressing hepatoma cells after GCV treatment. For in vivo experiments, expression of vTK was targeted to the livers of FVB/N and SCID/uPA mice. Hepatic sensitivity to GCV was first established in FVB/N mice since these mice do not undergo liver failure inherent to SCID/uPA mice. Hepatic vTK expression was found to be an integral component of GCV-induced pathologic and biochemical alterations and caused death due to liver dysfunction in vTK transgenic FVB/N and non-transplanted SCID/uPA mice. In SCID/uPA mice with humanized liver, vTK/GCV caused death despite extensive replacement of the mouse liver parenchyma with HH (ranging from 32-87%). Surprisingly, vTK/GCV-dependent apoptosis and mitochondrial aberrations were also localized to bystander vTK-negative HH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extensive replacement of mouse liver parenchyma by HH does not provide a secure therapeutic advantage against vTK/GCV-induced cytotoxicity targeted to residual mouse hepatocytes. Functional support by engrafted HH may be secured by strategies aimed at limiting this bystander effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. donnad@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Donna N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Toshiyasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Banu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sis
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: Karl P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: D Lorne J
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Tyrrell
authors.forename: Jamie T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Norman M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Kneteman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013937:Thymidine Kinase; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D015774:Ganciclovir