Relationship between children's intelligence and their emotional/behavioral problems and social competence: gender differences in first graders.
BACKGROUND
The present study examines gender differences in the correlations between intelligence and developmental problems as well as social competence in first graders.


METHODS
Ninety parent-child dyads participated in this study. The children comprised 7-year-olds recruited from the first grade of an elementary school. All the children were administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III), Parent-child Interaction Rating Scale (IRS), and the parent report version of Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).


RESULTS
The findings clarified that the processing speed of boys significantly correlated with their peer relationship. On the other hand, the emotional symptoms exhibited by girls had a more common association with their intellectual abilities. The correlations between parenting and intellectual abilities differed in boys and girls.


CONCLUSIONS
Children's gender should be taken into account when assessing the diversity in their intellectual abilities and developmental problems. Moreover, parenting also influences the development of children in various ways.
Tong
Lian
L
Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan.
Shinohara
Ryoji
R
Sugisawa
Yuka
Y
Tanaka
Emiko
E
Watanabe
Taeko
T
Onda
Yoko
Y
Kawashima
Yuri
Y
Yato
Yuko
Y
Yamakawa
Noriko
N
Koeda
Tatsuya
T
Ishida
Hiraku
H
Terakawa
Shinako
S
Seki
Ayumi
A
Anme
Tokie
T
D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002657:Child Development; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010379:Peer Group; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014888:Wechsler Scales