title: Impact of cladribine on soluble adhesion molecules in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soluble forms of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-Selectin play a role in the regulation of blood-brain barrier damage and represent markers of the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) and magnetic resonance imaging activity. We determined sICAM, sVCAM and sE-Selectin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients with remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis before and after cladribine treatment as well as in a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 17 patients diagnosed according to McDonald's criteria. Thirteen healthy age-matched subjects served as controls. The ELISA method was used to measure sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sE-Selectin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of sICAM and sE-Selectin decreased in sera (difference between patients and controls was statistically significant, in the former P < 0.04, in the latter P < 0.0003) but not in the CSF of MS patients after cladribine treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reduction in sICAM and sE-Selectin concentrations after cladribine treatment indicates an immuno-suppressive effect of the drug. The changes in levels of sICAM and sE-Selectin after cladribine treatment reflect disease activity and indicate a reduction in the inflammatory reaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland. krystyna.mitosek@am.lublin.pl
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitosek-Szewczyk
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Stelmasiak
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bartosik-Psujek
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Belniak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017338:Cladribine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000188:drug therapy; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D017338:Cladribine