title: Onset of Kleine-Levin Syndrome in association with isotretinoin treatment.
abstract: The synthetic retinoid isotretinoin is an effective treatment option for severe forms of acne vulgaris. However, several reports indicate that some patients experience altered central nervous system functions in association with treatment. We present here the first description of the onset of Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS), a rare disorder characterised by periodic hypersomnia and cognitive and behavioural symptoms, in close temporal relation to the start of isotretinoin treatment. We also discuss the biological potential of retinoids to affect sleep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In light of a documented potential of retinoids to modulate sleep-wake regulation, the present case suggests that isotretinoin may rarely trigger the onset of KLS.
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. hans.smedje@neuro.uu.se
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smedje
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hallberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hallberg
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015474:Isotretinoin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017593:Kleine-Levin Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D015474:Isotretinoin