title: Acute changes in heart rate variability in subjects with diabetes following a highway traffic exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To pilot a protocol to evaluate acute cardiovascular effects in in-vehicle exposure to traffic air pollutants in people with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one volunteers with type 2 diabetes were passengers on 90- to 110-minute car rides on a busy highway. We measured in-vehicle particle number and mass (PM2.5) nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide and heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with pre-ride measurements, we found a decrease in high frequency (HF) HRV from pre-ride to next day (ratio 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.93) and an increase in low frequency to HF ratio at post-ride (ratio 1.92, 95% CI = 1.21 to 3.05) at post-ride. Interquartile range increases in measured pollutants were associated with next-day decreases in HR HRV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This protocol appears useful for assessing acute adverse cardiovascular effects of in-vehicle exposures among people who have diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Research and Occupational Medicine, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. laumbach@eohsi.rutgers.edu
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Laumbach
authors.forename: David Q
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: Sampada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amorosa
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Junfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ohman-Strickland
authors.forename: Jicheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Oleksiy
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lelyanov
authors.forename: Howard M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kipen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions