title: Hydrogen-rich saline improves memory function in a rat model of amyloid-beta-induced Alzheimer's disease by reduction of oxidative stress.
abstract: This study is to examine if hydrogen-rich saline reduced amyloid beta (Abeta) induced neural inflammation, and learning and memory deficits in a rat model. S-D male rats (n=84, 280-330g) were divided into three groups, sham-operated, Abeta1-42 injected and Abeta1-42 plus hydrogen-rich saline-treated animals. Hydrogen-rich saline (5ml/kg, i.p., daily) was injected for 14days after intracerebroventricular injection of Abeta1-42. The levels of MDA, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were assessed by biochemical and ELISA analysis. Morris Water Maze and open field task were used to assess the memory dysfunction and motor dysfunction, respectively. LTP were used to detect the electrophysiology changes, HNE and GFAP immunohistochemistry were used to assess the oxidative stress and glial cell activation. After Abeta1-42 injection, the levels of MDA, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were increased in brain tissues and hydrogen-rich saline treatment suppressed MDA, IL-6, and TNF-alpha concentration. Hydrogen-rich saline treatment improved Morris Water Maze and enhanced LTP in hippocampus blocked by Abeta1-42. Furthermore, hydrogen-rich saline treatment also decreased the immunoreactivitiy of HNE and GFAP in hippocampus induced by Abeta1-42. In conclusion, hydrogen-rich saline prevented Abeta-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which may contribute to the improvement of memory dysfunction in this rat model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Cai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian-Mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Yun-Peng
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Xue-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006859:Hydrogen