title: Prognostic factors in chemotherapy-treated patients with HIV-associated Plasmablastic lymphoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma commonly seen in the oral cavity of HIV-infected individuals. PBL has a poor prognosis, but prognostic factors in patients who have received chemotherapy have not been adequately evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  An extensive literature search rendered 248 cases of PBL, from which 157 were HIV(+). Seventy cases with HIV-associated PBL that received chemotherapy were identified. Whenever possible, authors of the original reports were contacted to complete clinicopathological data. Univariate analyses were performed calculating Kaplan-Meier estimates and compared using the log-rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 39 years, with a male predominance. The mean CD4(+) count was 165 cells/mm(3). Advanced clinical stage was seen in 51% and extraoral involvement was seen in 43% of the cases. The expression levels of CD20 and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA were 13% and 86%, respectively. The overall survival duration was 14 months. In a univariate analysis, early clinical stage and a complete response to chemotherapy were associated with longer survival. There was no apparent difference in survival with regimens more intensive than cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with HIV-associated PBL have a poor prognosis. Prognosis is strongly associated with achieving a complete clinical response to CHOP or CHOP-like chemotherapy. The role of more intensive regimens is currently unclear. Further research is needed to improve responses using novel therapeutic agents and strategies.
authors.affiliation: 164 Summit Avenue, Fain Building, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA. jcastillo@lifespan.org.
authors.forename: Jorge J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Winer
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stachurski
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Melhem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jabbour
authors.forename: Cannon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colvin
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Butera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016483:Lymphoma, AIDS-Related / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016400:Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011241:Prednisone