title: Determination of veterinary pharmaceuticals in poultry litter and soil by methanol extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants with potential risks to the environment and human health. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method was developed for determination of the antimicrobials virginiamycin, monensin, salinomycin, narasin and nicarbazin in poultry litter and soil. This method involves methanol extraction and clean-up of extracts through glass microfibre filters, introduction of the extracts and separation of compounds on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C8 column, and compound detection in a Quattro Micro Micromass spectrometer. For litter samples, Method Detection Limits ranged from 0.1-0.6 microg Kg(-1), while Limits of Quantitation (LOQs) were 2, 1, 0.4, 1 and 2 microg Kg(-1) for virginiamycin, monensin, salinomycin, narasin and nicarbazin, respectively. For soil samples calculated LOQs were 2, 3, 1, 1, and 1 microg Kg(-1) for virginiamycin, monensin, salinomycin, narasin and nicarbazin, respectively. Application of the LC-MS-MS method for detection of veterinary pharmaceuticals in litter collected from commercial poultry farms showed that compounds were present at concentrations ranging from 10-11,000 microg Kg(-1).
authors.affiliation: Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment Canada, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Vesna.Furtula@ec.gc.ca
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Furtula
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Chambers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D011200:Poultry; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D019155:Veterinary Drugs; C009753:fiberglass; D000432:Methanol