title: Third-generation mobile phones (UMTS) do not interfere with permanent implanted pacemakers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Third-generation mobile phones, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System), were recently introduced in Europe. The safety of these devices with regard to their interference with implanted pacemakers is as yet unknown and is the point of interest in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study comprised 100 patients with permanent pacemaker implantation between November 2004 and June 2005. Two UMTS cellular phones (T-Mobile, Vodafone) were tested in the standby, dialing, and operating mode with 23 single-chamber and 77 dual-chamber pacemakers. Continuous surface electrocardiograms (ECGs), intracardiac electrograms, and marker channels were recorded when calls were made by a stationary phone to cellular phone. All pacemakers were tested under a "worst-case scenario," which includes a programming of the pacemaker to unipolar sensing and pacing modes and inducing of a maximum sensitivity setting during continuous pacing of the patient. Patients had pacemaker implantation between June 1990 and April 2005. The mean age was 68.4 +/- 15.1 years. Regardless of atrial and ventricular sensitivity settings, both UMTS mobile phones (Nokia 6650 and Motorola A835) did not show any interference with all tested pacemakers. In addition, both cellular phones did not interfere with the marker channels and the intracardiac ECGs of the pacemakers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Third-generation mobile phones are safe for patients with permanent pacemakers. This is due to the high-frequency band for this system (1,800-2,200 MHz) and the low power output between 0.01 W and 0.25 W.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Akmal M A
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Badreldin
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heldwein
authors.forename: Khosro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hekmat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016477:Artifacts; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult