title: Genetic and Environmental Transactions Underlying Educational Attainment.
abstract: This report used a population-representative longitudinal twin study with two birth cohorts to explore the association between intelligence and education by understanding how genetic and environmental influences on intelligence moderate genetic and environmental influences on school grades and educational attainment. Non-shared environmental influences on grades were strong when IQ was low, but decreased across the range of IQ. Shared environmental influences common to age 24 educational attainment and age 17 IQ were strong when IQ was low, but genetic influences common to IQ and education were strong when IQ was high. These results suggest that the causal mechanisms linking educational variables with intelligence differ for people with different levels of intelligence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Deary
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Iacono