title: Huge supratentorial extraventricular anaplastic ependymoma presenting with massive calcification--case report.
abstract: A 15-year-old boy presented with an anaplastic supratentorial ependymoma causing massive intratumoral calcification, without contributory medical and family history, and manifesting as persistent headache for 2 months. Physical examination found no neurological deficit except for visual defect in the right lower quadrant, with intact visual acuity. Blood examination showed no abnormalities. Cranial computed tomography revealed a huge calcified mass in the left parietooccipital lobe, with extensive perilesional brain edema. Cranial radiography showed diffuse and symmetrical thinning of the calvarial bone. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the tumor as an assembly of medullated masses with extraventricular location, 7 x 6.5 x 6.5 cm in diameter, and appearing as heterogeneous intensity on both T(1)- and T(2)-weighted images with inhomogeneous enhancement except for the central cores. The patient underwent tumor resection. Intraoperative findings revealed that the cortical veins overlying the tumor were reddish and moderately engorged. The hypervascular tumor, entirely extraventricular in location, was totally resected without neurological deterioration. Histological examination revealed that the tumor was highly cellular with hyperchromatic nuclei and cell atypia. Necrosis, mitotic figures, and perivascular pseudorosette formations were frequently seen. Immunohistochemical study showed positive staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 protein, vimentin, and epithelial membrane antigen, but negative for synaptophysin. The MIB-1 labeling index was 26.5%. The findings were compatible with anaplastic ependymoma (World Health Organization classification grade 3). Ependymoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a supratentorially located, extraventricular mass with massive intratumoral calcification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba.
authors.forename: Eika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamano
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Yasuomi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nonaka
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Yukimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasumoto
authors.forename: Harumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000473:pathology; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018450:Disease Progression; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008940:Mitotic Index; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015354:Vision, Low / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor