title: Incidence and risk factor of fundic gland polyp and hyperplastic polyp in long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy: a prospective study in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the development of fundic gland polyp (FGP) and gastric hyperplastic polyp (HPP) during long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and risk factors of each polyp via patient status in a multicenter prospective study.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The risk of developing FGP may increase during long-term PPI therapy. However, the association with PPI-induced hypergastrinemia is unclear. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection (which there is a high rate of in Japan) may influence the development of HPP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reflux esophagitis patients on PPI maintenance therapy were enrolled. At baseline, the presence of protruding lesion (gastric polyps) and mucosal atrophy was examined endoscopically. The serum gastrin level (SGL) and Hp infection status were noted. The patients took rabeprazole 10 mg/day for 104 weeks and endoscopy was performed at weeks 24, 52, 76, and 104 to check for newly developed FGPs and HPPs. The hazard ratios (HRs) of risk factors were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  191 patients were analyzed. The distribution of patients with baseline SGLs (pg/mL) of <200, >or=200 to <400, and >or=400 was 118 (61.8%), 51 (26.7%), and 22 (11.5%), respectively. 78 (40.8%) patients were Hp-positive, and gastric polyps were found in 70 (36.6%) patients. By the end of rabeprazole therapy, 26 (13.6%) and 17 (8.9%) patients had developed new FGPs and HPPs. In terms of risk factors, Hp-positive was significantly lower (HR=0.288; 95% CI, 0.108-0.764) for FGP while SGL>or=400 pg/mL was significantly higher (HR=4.923; 95% CI, 1.486-16.31) for HPP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During long-term PPI therapy, FGP development was associated with absence of Hp infection. Meanwhile, Hp infection and high SGL may influence HPP development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comprehensive Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. m-hongo@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hongo
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005748:Gastric Fundus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D064750:Rabeprazole; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D064750:Rabeprazole