title: Perioperative analgesic treatment in Latino and non-Latino pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adult studies suggest pain treatment is influenced by patient's race/ ethnicity. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of the patient's race/ethnicity on pain treatment in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study comparing perioperative analgesic administration for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) surgery in Latino and Caucasian patients younger than 18 years of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-four (94) patients were included (47 Latino, 47 Caucasian), mean age 8.44 yrs (SD 3.45), 43% female. Administration of non-opioid analgesics and intraoperative opioids was similar in both groups. Early post-operative administration of opioid analgesics was significantly different between groups. Latino subjects received 30% less opioid analgesics than Caucasians; median amount in morphine equivalents was 0.05 (0-0.14) vs. 0.07 (0-0.90) mg/kg for Latino and Caucasian patients respectively (p5.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that perioperative pain treatment in children is correlated with the patient's ethnicity. The cause of this difference is unknown and prospective studies are necessary to elucidate the reasons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. Nathalia.jimenez@seattlechildrens.org
authors.forename: Nathalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: Kristy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seidel
authors.forename: Lynn D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Frederick P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Rivara
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lynn
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000145:classification; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology*; D019990:Perioperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014068:Tonsillectomy; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics