title: Treatment with recombinant tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand alleviates the severity of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) treatment in a model of type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recombinant TRAIL was added in vitro to primary human and mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and isolated human islets to evaluate the expression of the immunoregulatory gene SOCS1. Diabetes was induced by five consecutive daily injections of low-concentration (50 mg/kg) streptozotocin (STZ) in C57 black mice (n = 24). A group of these mice (n = 12) was co-injected with recombinant TRAIL (20 microg/day) for 5 days, and the diabetic status (glycemia and body weight) was followed over time. After 6 weeks, circulating levels of insulin, TNF-alpha, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were measured, and animals were killed to perform the histological analysis of the pancreas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in vitro exposure of both PBMCs and human islets to recombinant TRAIL significantly upregulated the expression of SOCS1. With respect to STZ-treated animals, mice co-injected with STZ+TRAIL were characterized by 1) lower levels of hyperglycemia, 2) higher levels of body weight and insulinemia, 3) a partial preservation of pancreatic islets with normal morphology, and 4) a lower expression of both systemic (TNF-alpha and OPG) and pancreatic (vascular cell adhesion molecule [VCAM]-1) inflammatory markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, these data demonstrate that the administration of recombinant TRAIL ameliorates the severity of STZ-induced type 1 diabetes, and this effect was accompanied by the upregulation of SOCS1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Embryology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. giorgio.zauli@unife.it
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zauli
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Toffoli
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: di Iasio
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celeghini
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fabris
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Secchiero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; C491590:Socs1 protein, mouse; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand