title: Toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides to the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, parasitized with the bopyrid isopod, Probopyrus pandalicola.
abstract: The grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, plays a large role in the marine ecosystem, serving as a vital link in the food web between many other species. Marine parasites such as the bopyrid isopod, Probopyrus pandalicola, reduce shrimp growth and reproductive output and may also cause P. pugio to be more vulnerable to the lethal effects of contaminants. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of resmethrin and bifenthrin on the grass shrimp, P. pugio, infected with the bopyrid isopod, Probopyrus pandalicola. A 96-h static renewal test was conducted to determine the toxicity of the pyrethroid insecticides resmethrin and bifenthrin to grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, parasitized with the bopyrid isopod, Probopyrus pandalicola. The results were then compared to similar tests utilizing unparasitized P. pugio. Parasitized P. pugio had lower 24-h LC(50) (1.08 microg/L) and 96-h LC(50) (0.43 microg/L) values for resmethrin than unparasitized P. pugio. However, LC(50) ratio tests found that there was no significant difference between parasitized and unparasitized shrimp when affected by resmethrin (p = 0.1751 and 0.1108, respectively). In contrast, an LC(10) ratio test indicated that there was a significant difference between parasitized and unparasitized P. pugio after 96 h (p < 0.0001). When subjected to bifenthrin, parasitized P. pugio had a higher 24-h LC(50) (0.049 microg/L6) than unparasitized P. pugio. The LC(50) ratio test established that the effects of bifenthrin on parasitized P. pugio when compared to unparasitized P. pugio were significantly different at 24 h (p = 0.0065). However, there were no significant differences between parasitized and unparasitized after 96 h (p = 0.4229). In conclusion, both resmethrin and bifenthrin are toxic to the grass shrimp, P. pugio, regardless of parasite presence, and parasitized shrimp may be more susceptible to lower doses of resmethrin (when exposed in the field).
authors.affiliation: Marine Science Program, Department of Natural Sciences, Savannah State University, Savannah, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Pennington
authors.forename: Mary Carla
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Curran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D033321:Isopoda / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000469:parasitology*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C099952:bifenthrin; C100036:resmethrin