title: Helping patients choose: how to improve the design of comparative scorecards of hospital quality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand how the public understand comparative quality information as presented on NHS Choices, the Department of Health website in England. We explore what quality information people value, how they understand different measures of quality, and their preferences for different types of information.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven focus groups were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants' preferences for types of information changed at different stages of the focus groups. Participants attempted to compare hospitals option-wise, building up an overall picture of the hospital's performance. Faced with abundance of conflicting criteria, participants attempted to make trade offs, but found it difficult. Older and less numerate participants used summative measures to overcome this difficulty. Some indicators were poorly understood and the multiplicity of formats and labels was confusing. Missing data were mistrusted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presentation of information affects what information people value, how they understand and process it. The design of scorecards is crucial in order to support use of scorecards for informed patient choice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We offer guidelines for changing presentation of comparative quality information with the aim to improve its use by patients when choosing between hospitals, especially online.
authors.affiliation: London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Management (Operational Research Group), London, UK. b.fasolo@lse.ac.uk
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fasolo
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reutskaja
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boyce
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019985:Benchmarking / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D003657:Decision Making; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006266:Health Education; D006761:Hospitals / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009862:Online Systems; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D013637:Tape Recording; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult