title: Variety diversity effect on the chemical composition and dry matter degradation characteristics of residue and by-products of oil palm fruits.
abstract: The materials palm press fibre (PPF), palm calyx (PCL) and palm oil sludge (POS) obtained from three varieties of oil palm: dura, oleifera and tenera were investigated for the effect of variety on their nutritive value. Analysis of proximate composition, cell wall fractions, some mineral concentration as well as in-situ dry matter degradation in the rumen of steers were carried out. Significant effects of materials (i.e. PPF, PCL and POS) as well as variety (i.e. dura, oleifera and tenera) were noticed in all the parameters studied except sodium (Na) and organic matter (OM) components. Crude protein (CP) values in all the varieties were lowest in PCL (3.15-5.48%) and highest in POS (9.02-10.02%), while crude fibre (CF) values were highest in PCL (33.00-46.19%) and lowest in POS (3.15-5.48%). The upper and lower values respectively for CP and CF in the materials were in most cases for the tenera variety. The cell wall fractions (NDF, ADF, Lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose) were all higher in PCL and lowest in POS. In the three varieties, POS had highest concentration of Mg (0.117-0.231 g/100 g), K (1.21-2.33 g/100 g) and Cu (75.07-87.34 mg/kg) but lowest content of Ca (0.016-0.089 g/100 g) while PPF had lowest concentration of Mg (0.031-0.039 g/100 g) and Cu (20.96-22.28 mg/kg). Iron (Fe, mg/kg) values were generally high, but highest in PCL (2015.41-4042.16). Dry matter degradability and effective degradability values were best in POS irrespective of the variety and least in PCL. Among the three varieties, dry matter degradation characteristics of tenera were the best and oleifera the least. Generally the residue and by-products irrespective of the variety of oil palm they are obtained from can be ranked for their nutritive value as POS > PPF > PCL, while nutritive ranking based on variety is tenera > dura > oleifera. Conclusively, POS and PPF from any variety of oil palm could be adopted directly as feed resources for ruminant livestock, while PCL will require hydrolytic nutritive value enhancement treatment. Ruminant livestock will however be at an advantage if materials from tenera variety are fed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. bankymao@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Musibau Adungbe
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bamikole
authors.forename: Uamai Julius
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Ikhatua
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D009753:Nutritive Value; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012418:Ruminants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D010938:Plant Oils; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000073878:Palm Oil