title: Distress and alexithymia in lung recipients - psychosocial strains and associations with chronic allograft dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In recent years, distress and alexithymia have been recognised as psychosocial factors related to both somatic and psychosomatic diseases. In this study distress and alexithymia and their associations with physical parameters were investigated in lung recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study, which included 76 patients after a lung transplant, measured psychological distress (Symptom Checklist, SCL-K-9) and alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS-20). Physical health was assessed by means of lung function (FEV1), exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), and comorbidity (CCI) at the time of the questionnaire survey. A bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) was assessed at the time of the questionnaire survey and one year later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean values of distress were found to be significantly higher in lung recipients than in a normal community sample, and mean values of alexithymia were significantly higher in lung patients than in healthy persons. There is a significant positive correlation between distress and BOS at the time of the questionnaire survey (p = .008). Distress is a predictor for new-onset BOS one year after the questionnaire survey (p = .026). No significant correlations were found between alexithymia and physical parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lung transplants go hand-in-hand with increased alexithymia and psychological distress. In addition, psychological distress may contribute to the development of BOS. This association underlines the importance of psychosocial support after lung transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. lutz.goetzmann@usz.ch
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goetzmann
authors.forename: Sarosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Irani
authors.forename: Kyrill
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwegler
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stamm
authors.forename: Rosemarie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bricman
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buddeberg
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benden
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klaghofer
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boehler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000368:Aged; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013577:Syndrome; D055815:Young Adult