title: Total polyphenol excretion and blood pressure in subjects at high cardiovascular risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dietary factors are critical for the prevention and treatment of hypertension, but data on the effects of specific nutrients on blood pressure (BP) are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between total polyphenol excretion (TPE) in urine, as an objective measurement of total polyphenol intake and BP in an elderly population at high cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross-sectional substudy of 589 high-risk participants entering in the PREDIMED trial. BP was measured and TPE was determined in urine by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. A significant positive association was observed between TPE in urine and daily intake of fruit and vegetables (F&V), coffee or wine after adjusting for potential confounders. The intake of 100 g of F&V (Beta=0.150;P<0.001) had a greater contribution to TPE than 100 mL of coffee (Beta=0.141;P=0.001), and the latter two foods contributed more than the consumption of 100 mL of wine (Beta=0.120;P=0.019). An inverse association was observed between urinary TPE and the prevalence of hypertension. Participants in the highest quartile of urinary TPE had a reduced prevalence of hypertension compared to those in the lowest quartile (Odds Ratio=0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 0.92; P=0.015). Systolic and diastolic BP were inversely associated with urinary TPE after adjustment for potential confounders (P=0.024 and P=0.003, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polyphenol intake, assessed via TPE in urine, was negatively associated with BP levels and prevalence of hypertension in an elderly Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. Participants with the highest intake of polyphenol-rich foods showed the lowest BP measurements.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medina-Remón
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zamora-Ros
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rotchés-Ribalta
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andres-Lacueva
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Covas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corella
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Salvadó
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gómez-Gracia
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: García de la Corte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiol
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Saez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serra-Majem
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warnberg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estruch
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lamuela-Raventos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003069:Coffee; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000652:urine*; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D019083:Mediterranean Region / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010636:Phenols / Q000652:urine*; D059808:Polyphenols; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols