Expression in aneuploid Drosophila S2 cells.
Extensive departures from balanced gene dose in aneuploids are highly deleterious. However, we know very little about the relationship between gene copy number and expression in aneuploid cells. We determined copy number and transcript abundance (expression) genome-wide in Drosophila S2 cells by DNA-Seq and RNA-Seq. We found that S2 cells are aneuploid for >43 Mb of the genome, primarily in the range of one to five copies, and show a male genotype ( approximately two X chromosomes and four sets of autosomes, or 2X;4A). Both X chromosomes and autosomes showed expression dosage compensation. X chromosome expression was elevated in a fixed-fold manner regardless of actual gene dose. In engineering terms, the system "anticipates" the perturbation caused by X dose, rather than responding to an error caused by the perturbation. This feed-forward regulation resulted in precise dosage compensation only when X dose was half of the autosome dose. Insufficient compensation occurred at lower X chromosome dose and excessive expression occurred at higher doses. RNAi knockdown of the Male Specific Lethal complex abolished feed-forward regulation. Both autosome and X chromosome genes show Male Specific Lethal-independent compensation that fits a first order dose-response curve. Our data indicate that expression dosage compensation dampens the effect of altered DNA copy number genome-wide. For the X chromosome, compensation includes fixed and dose-dependent components.
Zhang
Yu
Y
Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
Malone
John H
JH
Powell
Sara K
SK
Periwal
Vipul
V
Spana
Eric
E
Macalpine
David M
DM
Oliver
Brian
B
D000782:Aneuploidy; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D034622:RNA Interference; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics
D029721:Drosophila Proteins