title: Effects of probiotic bacteria on the bioaccessibility of aflatoxin B(1) and ochratoxin A using an in vitro digestion model under fed conditions.
abstract: In the present study, we aimed at determining the release of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) and ochratoxin A (OTA) from different food products in the gastro-intestinal tract in the absence and presence of probiotics, a possible adsorbent. The average bioaccessibility of AFB(1) and OTA without probiotics was about 90%, and 30%, respectively, depending on several factors, such as food product, contamination level, compound and type of contamination (spiked versus naturally contaminated). The six probiotic bacteria showed varying binding capacity to AFB(1) and OTA depending on the bacterial strain, toxin studied, type of food and contamination level. A reduction to a maximum of 37% and 73% as observed for the bioaccessibility of AFB(1) and OTA in the presence of probiotic bacteria, respectively. This is the first report on the effect of probiotic bacteria on reducing the fraction of mycotoxins available for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract from different food products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey. bkabak@cu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kabak
authors.forename: Esther F A
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Brandon
authors.forename: Isil
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Var
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blokland
authors.forename: Adrienne J A M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sips
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D001682:Biological Availability; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004068:Digestive System Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D019936:Probiotics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A; D016604:Aflatoxin B1