title: Osteogenesis by gradually expanding the interface between bone surface and periosteum enhanced by bone marrow stem cell administration in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promotes bone formation at the gap created by periosteal distraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mesh plate was placed subperiosteally in rabbit parietal bones. Following elevation of the mesh plate, rabbit MSCs were administered into the gap. Controls received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The volume, height, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) of newly formed bone were examined using microcomputed tomography. Histological analysis was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for type I collagen and osteocalcin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The experimental group showed significantly increased volume, height, BMD, and BMC in newly formed bone tissues at the gaps compared with the control group (P < .05). The newly formed bone tissues showed both type I collagen and osteocalcin expression in the MSC-administration group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mesenchymal stem cell administration may be useful to induce osteogenesis at sites of periosteal distraction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan. koichiro@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haruyama
authors.forename: Yoshinaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawamura
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000473:pathology; D001860:Bone Plates; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010521:Periosteum / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D014025:Titanium; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D011091:Polyesters; D015675:Osteocalcin; C033616:poly(lactide); D014025:Titanium