Triple-negative breast cancer: role of the androgen receptor.
The androgen receptor (AR), a member of the steroid hormone receptor family, is expressed in more than 70% of breast cancers and has been implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis. The role of the AR is of particular interest in patients with estrogen- and progesterone receptor negative and HER2-negative cancers, which represent approximately 25% of all breast cancers. The "triple-negative" subset of tumors generally has a more aggressive clinical course and does not benefit from conventional endocrine targeted therapies. However, emerging evidence suggests that the AR may serve as a therapeutic target for a subset of triple-negative breast cancers. Herein, we review the role of the AR in breast cancer tumorigenesis and current progress and future directions in the development of AR-targeted therapies.
Gucalp
Ayca
A
Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY 10065, USA.
Traina
Tiffany A
TA
D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000502:physiology*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism
D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C410798:AR protein, human