title: Treatment of HBV/HCV coinfection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) virus infections are among the most common causes of advanced chronic liver disease worldwide. HBV/HCV coinfection is not uncommon with an estimated 7 - 20 million individuals affected worldwide. Patients with HBV/HCV coinfection have an increased risk for cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and even death.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pathophysiology of HBV/HCV coinfection is complex, as different patterns of virological dominance may occur, which can even fluctuate over time. Recently, combination of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin has been explored in HBV/HCV coinfected patients who are positive for HCV-RNA. HBV polymerase inhibitors may be indicated if HBV-DNA concentrations are above 2000 IU/ml. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, viral interaction, its clinical features and the available treatment options.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insights into viral interaction of HBV/HCV coinfection and treatment individualization strategies are provided in the review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detailed serological and virological evaluations are required for HBV/HCV coinfected patients before initiation of antiviral therapy. At present, PEG-IFN-alpha plus ribavirin should be the treatment of choice in patients with dominant HCV replication. However, HBV rebound may occur after elimination of HCV, and thus close monitoring for both viruses is recommended even for patients with initially suppressed HBV-DNA.
authors.affiliation: Hannover Medical School, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Potthoff
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Manns
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wedemeyer
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D018579:Patient Selection; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents