title: How safe is arteriovenous malformation surgery? A prospective, observational study of surgery as first-line treatment for brain arteriovenous malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Existing studies reporting the risk of surgery for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are often biased by the exclusion of patients not offered surgery. In this study, we examine the risk of surgery, including cases excluded from surgery because of the high surgical risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected on 640 consecutively enrolled AVMs in a database that included all patients not considered for surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with Spetzler-Martin grade 1 to 2 AVMs (n = 296) were treated with a surgical risk of 0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0%-3%); patients with Spetzler-Martin grade 3 to 4 AVMs in noneloquent cortex (n = 65) were treated with a surgical risk of 17% (95% CI, 10%-28%). Patients with Spetzler-Martin grade 3 to 5 AVMs in eloquent cortex (n = 168) were treated with a surgical risk of 21% (95% CI, 15%-28%). However, because 14% of patients in this series with similar AVMs were refused surgery because of perceived surgical risk, these results are not generalizable to the population of patients with similar AVMs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this series suggest that it is reasonable to offer surgery as a preferred treatment option for Spetzler-Martin grade 1 to 2 AVMs. This study also reinforces the predictive value of the Spetzler-Martin grading system, with some caveats.
authors.affiliation: Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D019370:Observation; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult