title: Gemcitabine versus bacille Calmette-Guérin after initial bacille Calmette-Guérin failure in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a multicenter prospective randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of intravesical gemcitabine was evaluated compared with repeated administration of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) after BCG failure in high-risk, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this multicenter, prospective, randomized, phase 2 trial, eligible patients were those with high-risk non-muscle-invasive BC, failing 1 course of BCG therapy. All patients were randomly allocated to Group A, receiving intravesical gemcitabine (at a dose of 2000 mg/50 mL) twice weekly for 6 consecutive weeks and then weekly for 3 consecutive weeks at 3, 6, and 12 months, or Group B, receiving intravesical BCG (Connaught strain, 81 mg/50 mL) over a 6-week induction course and each week for 3 weeks at 3, 6, and 12 months. Outcome measures were recurrence rate, time to first recurrence, and progression rate. Treatment-related complications were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty participants were enrolled, 40 for each group 52.5% in Group A developed disease recurrence versus 87.5% of those in Group B (P = .002). There was no statistically significant difference in mean time to the first recurrence (Group A, 3.9 months; Group B, 3.1 months; P = .09). Kaplan-Meier analysis of 2-year recurrence-free survival showed significant differences between Group A and B (19% and 3%, respectively, P < .008). Seven of 21 (33%) patients in Group A and 13 of 35 (37.5%) patients in Group B had disease progression and underwent radical cystectomy (P = .12). Both intravesical administrations were generally well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gemcitabine might represent a second-line treatment option after BCG failure in high-risk non-muscle-invasive BC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
authors.forename: Sisto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perdonà
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Damiano
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faiella
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cantiello
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pignata
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ascierto
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simeone
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Sio
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Autorino
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019233:Retreatment; D017211:Treatment Failure; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine