title: Interaction between activated chemokine receptor 1 and FcepsilonRI at membrane rafts promotes communication and F-actin-rich cytoneme extensions between mast cells.
abstract: Chemokines play important regulatory roles in immunity, but their contributions to mast cell function remain poorly understood. We examined the effects of FcepsilonRI-chemokine receptor (CCR) 1 co-stimulation on receptor localization and cellular morphology of bone marrow-derived mast cells. Whereas FcepsilonRI and CCR1 co-localized at the plasma membrane in unsensitized cells, sensitization with IgE promoted internalization of CCR1 molecules. Co-stimulation of FcepsilonRI and CCR1 with antigen and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha was more effective than FcepsilonRI stimulation alone in causing leading edge formation, flattened morphology, membrane ruffles and ganglioside (GM1(+)) lipid mediator release. Co-stimulation resulted in phalloidin-positive cytoneme-like cellular extensions, also known as tunneling nanotubes, which originated at points of calcium accumulation. This is the first report of cytoneme formation by mast cells. To determine the importance of lipid rafts for mast cell function, the cells were cholesterol depleted. Cholesterol depletion enhanced degranulation in resting, sensitized and co-stimulated cells, but not in FcepsilonRI-cross-linked cells, and inhibited formation of filamentous actin(+) cytonemes but not GM1(+) cytonemes. Treatment with latrunculin A to sequester globular-actin abolished cytoneme formation. The cytonemes may participate in intercellular communication during allergic and inflammatory responses, and their presence in the co-stimulated mast cells suggests new roles for CCRs in immunopathology.
authors.affiliation: Dobbs Ocular Immunology Laboratories, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. nfifada@emory.edu
authors.forename: Nimita H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Fifadara
authors.forename: Freddy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Santa J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ono
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000172:deficiency; D004705:Endocytosis; D005260:Female; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000378:metabolism; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D021381:Protein Transport; D051381:Rats; D054389:Receptors, CCR1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053778:Thiazolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; C515429:CCL3 protein, human; C515301:Ccr1 protein, mouse; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054389:Receptors, CCR1; D017455:Receptors, IgE; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D053778:Thiazolidines; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside; D002784:Cholesterol; C037067:latrunculin A