title: cGMP is required for seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) is an important second messenger in animals, and is emerging as a player in regulatory functions in plants. In this study, we investigated the role of cGMP in seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0). We demonstrated that both, a membrane-permeant analogue of cGMP (8-Br-cGMP) and the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor Tadalafil promoted A. thaliana seed germination, whereas the guanylate cyclase inhibitor LY 83583 (6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione; LY) inhibited it. LY blocked gibberellic acid (GA)-induced seed germination, whereas GA and 8-Br-cGMP co-treatment increased the germination rate and more effectively overcame LY-inhibition than 8-Br-cGMP alone. The gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) also blocked 8-Br-cGMP and Tadalafil promotion of seed germination. Furthermore, 8-Br-cGMP and Tadalafil decreased abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity during seed germination. These findings highlight that cGMP is a positive regulator and plays a crucial role in Arabidopsis seed germination. Furthermore, both GA and cGMP are required for seed germination.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Wenzhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Mi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D002243:Carbolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects*; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D000068581:Tadalafil; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000634:Aminoquinolines; D002243:Carbolines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005875:Gibberellins; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D014230:Triazoles; C053370:paclobutrazol; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D000068581:Tadalafil; C041715:6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione; C007842:gibberellic acid; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP