title: Emergence of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Italy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The emergence of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae has now become a global concern. KPC beta-lactamases are plasmid-borne and, like extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs), can accumulate and transfer resistance determinants to other classes of antibiotics. Therefore, infection control guidelines on early identification and control of the spread of organisms carrying these resistant determinants are needed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) was detected in two isolates of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae obtained from patients at an Italian teaching hospital. The first strain was isolated from a culture drawn from a central venous device (CVC) in a patient with Crohn's disease who was admitted to a gastroenterology ward. The second was isolated from a urine sample collected from an indwelling urinary catheter in an intensive care unit (ICU) patient with a subdural haematoma. The patients had not travelled abroad. Both isolates were resistant to all beta-lactams and were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem but resistant to ertapenem. Isolates also showed resistance to other classes of non-beta-lactam antibiotics, such as quinolones, aminoglycosides (with the exception for amikacin), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and nitrofurantoin. They were determined to contain the plasmid encoding the carbapenemase gene bla-KPC and were also positive in the Hodge test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the second report of KPC-producing isolates in Italy, but the first concerning KPC type 2 gene, and it may have important implications for controlling the transmission of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome - Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy. carla.fontana@uniroma2.it.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Favaro
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sarmati
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natoli
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altieri
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bossa
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minelli
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leonardis
authors.forename: Cartesio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Favalli