title: Protective effects of xanthoceraside on learning and memory impairment induced by Abeta(25-35) in mice.
abstract: This study examined the effects of xanthoceraside (1) on learning and memory impairment induced in mice by intracerebroventricular injection of aggregated peptide beta-amyloid 25-35 (Abeta(25-35)). Learning and memory functions in mice were examined using step-through, Y-maze and water maze tests. Administration of 1 reduced the number of errors and prolonged latency in the step-through test in mice impaired by Abeta(25-35). Likewise, latency to find the terminal platform was decreased and the number of right reflects was increased in the water maze test, and the percentage of alternation behaviors in the Y-maze test was increased. Biochemical studies showed that decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and acetylcholinesterase, and increased content of malondialdehyde in mice impaired by Abeta(25-35) were significantly ameliorated by administration of 1. The present results suggest that 1 may provide a potential treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Tian-Yan
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Li-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Bai-Zhen
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xue-Fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: Okada
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshihito
authors.forename: Li-Bo
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; C074636:amyloid beta-protein (25-35); C548611:xanthoceraside