title: Distribution and hepatocellular carcinoma-related viral properties of hepatitis B virus genotypes in Mainland China: a community-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes, replication status, and mutations have been associated with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim was to study the distribution and HCC-related viral properties of HBV genotypes/subgenotypes in Mainland China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multistage cluster probability sampling method was applied to select 81,775 participants between 1 and 59 years at 160 national disease surveillance points. We examined hepatitis B surface antigen, HBV genotypes and subgenotypes, hepatitis B e antigen, viral load, and mutations in the PreS and core promoter regions of HBV genome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HBV subgenotypes B2 (27.3%), C1 (10.7%), and C2 (58.0%) were predominant. Genotype D (D1, 80.8%) was frequent in the Uygur. We identified a new subgenotype, C9, mainly in Tibetans. Compositions of subgenotypes B2 and C1 and genotype mixture increased from the North to Central South, which was consistently associated with the increasing prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen. Hepatitis B e antigen positivity and viral loads were higher in the young with genotype B and declined more rapidly with increasing age than those with genotype C. In contrast to G1896A, PreS deletion, T31C, T1753V, and A1762T/G1764A were more frequent in subgenotype C2 than in subgenotype B2. A1762T/G1764A, T1753V, C1653T, and G1896A, except PreS deletion, consecutively increased with increasing age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HBV subgenotypes B2, C1, and C2 are endemic in Mainland China. HBV genotype C exhibits less replication activity in the young and harbors higher frequencies of the HCC-associated mutations than genotype B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These basic data could help evaluate the association of HBV variations with HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, 3rd Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yongchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jiaxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Shijian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Chunying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Hongyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Fuqiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Guangwen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C101581:preS (120-145) peptide