title: Patient selection for accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) after breast-conserving surgery: recommendations of the Groupe Européen de Curiethérapie-European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO) breast cancer working group based on clinical evidence (2009).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To give recommendations on patient selection criteria for the use of accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) based on available clinical evidence complemented by expert opinion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall, 340 articles were identified by a systematic search of the PubMed database using the keywords "partial-breast irradiation" and "APBI". This search was complemented by searches of reference lists of articles and handsearching of relevant conference abstracts and book chapters. Of these, 3 randomized and 19 prospective non-randomized studies with a minimum median follow-up time of 4 years were identified. The authors reviewed the published clinical evidence on APBI, complemented by relevant clinical and pathological studies of standard breast-conserving therapy and, through a series of personal communications, formulated the recommendations presented in this article.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GEC-ESTRO Breast Cancer Working Group recommends three categories guiding patient selection for APBI: (1) a low-risk group for whom APBI outside the context of a clinical trial is an acceptable treatment option; including patients ageing at least 50 years with unicentric, unifocal, pT1-2 (<or=30 mm) pN0, non-lobular invasive breast cancer without the presence of an extensive intraductal component (EIC) and lympho-vascular invasion (LVI) and with negative surgical margins of at least 2mm, (2) a high-risk group, for whom APBI is considered contraindicated; including patients ageing <or=40 years; having positive margins, and/or multicentric or large (>30 mm) tumours, and/or EIC positive or LVI positive tumours, and/or 4 or more positive lymph nodes or unknown axillary status (pNx), and (3) an intermediate-risk group, for whom APBI is considered acceptable only in the context of prospective clinical trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These recommendations will provide a clinical guidance regarding the use of APBI outside the context of a clinical trial before large-scale randomized clinical trial outcome data become available. Furthermore they should promote further clinical research focusing on controversial issues in the treatment of early-stage breast carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary. polgar@oncol.hu
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polgár
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Limbergen
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pötter
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polo
authors.forename: Jaroslaw
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lyczek
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niehoff
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Guinot
authors.forename: Ferran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guedea
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Oliver J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Major
authors.forename: Vratislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Strnad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011379:Prognosis; D011878:Radiotherapy; D012955:Societies, Medical