title: A solution for measuring accurate reaction time to visual stimuli realized with a programmable microcontroller.
abstract: This article presents a new solution for measuring accurate reaction time (SMART) to visual stimuli. The SMART is a USB device realized with a Cypress Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC) mixed-signal array programmable microcontroller. A brief overview of the hardware and firmware of the PSoC is provided, together with the results of three experiments. In Experiment 1, we investigated the timing accuracy of the SMART in measuring reaction time (RT) under different conditions of operating systems (OSs; Windows XP or Vista) and monitor displays (a CRT or an LCD). The results indicated that the timing error in measuring RT by the SMART was less than 2 msec, on average, under all combinations of OS and display and that the SMART was tolerant to jitter and noise. In Experiment 2, we tested the SMART with 8 participants. The results indicated that there was no significant difference among RTs obtained with the SMART under the different conditions of OS and display. In Experiment 3, we used Microsoft (MS) PowerPoint to present visual stimuli on the display. We found no significant difference in RTs obtained using MS DirectX technology versus using the PowerPoint file with the SMART. We are certain that the SMART is a simple and practical solution for measuring RTs accurately. Although there are some restrictions in using the SMART with RT paradigms, the SMART is capable of providing both researchers and health professionals working in clinical settings with new ways of using RT paradigms in their work.
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan. ohyanagi@sapmed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohyanagi
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sengoku
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D011584:Psychology / Q000379:methods*; D011930:Reaction Time; D014796:Visual Perception