title: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 enhances survival of LX2 human hepatic stellate cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) is strongly induced upon activation of hepatic stellate cells and their transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts in vitro. This was confirmed in vivo in an animal model of liver fibrosis. Since IGFBP5 has been shown to promote fibrosis in other tissues, the aim of this study was to investigate its role in the progression of liver fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of IGFBP5 was studied in LX2 cells, a model for partially activated hepatic stellate cells, and in human primary liver myofibroblasts. IGFBP5 signalling was modulated by the addition of recombinant protein, by lentiviral overexpression, and by siRNA mediated silencing. Furthermore, the addition of IGF1 and silencing of the IGF1R was used to investigate the role of the IGF-axis in IGFBP5 mediated effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IGFBP5 enhanced the survival of LX2 cells and myofibroblasts via a >50% suppression of apoptosis. This effect of IGFBP5 was not modulated by the addition of IGF1, nor by silencing of the IGF1R. Additionally, IGFBP5 was able to enhance the expression of established pro-fibrotic markers, such as collagen Ialpha1, TIMP1 and MMP1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IGFBP5 enhances the survival of (partially) activated hepatic stellate cells and myofibroblasts by lowering apoptosis via an IGF1-independent mechanism, and enhances the expression of profibrotic genes. Its lowered expression may, therefore, reduce the progression of liver fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.sokolovic@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sokolović
authors.forename: Milka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sokolović
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boers
authors.forename: Ronald Pj Oude
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Elferink
authors.forename: Piter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bosma