title: MGMT modulates glioblastoma angiogenesis and response to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib.
abstract: Angiogenesis inhibitors, such as sunitinib, represent a promising strategy to improve glioblastoma (GBM) tumor response. In this study, we used the O(6)-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT)-negative GBM cell line U87MG stably transfected with MGMT (U87/MGMT) to assess whether MGMT expression affects the response to sunitinib. We showed that the addition of sunitinib to standard therapy (temozolomide [TMZ] and radiation therapy [RT]) significantly improved the response of MGMT-positive but not of MGMT-negative cells. Gene expression profiling revealed alterations in the angiogenic profile, as well as differential expression of several receptor tyrosine kinases targeted by sunitinib. MGMT-positive cells displayed higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) compared with U87/EV cells, whereas they displayed decreased levels of VEGFR-2. Depleting MGMT using O(6)-benzylguanine suggested that the expression of these receptors was directly related to the MGMT status. Also, we showed that MGMT expression was associated with a dramatic increase in the soluble VEGFR-1/VEGFA ratio, thereby suggesting a decrease in bioactive VEGFA and a shift towards an antiangiogenic profile. The reduced angiogenic potential of MGMT-positive cells is supported by: (i) the decreased ability of their secreted factors to induce endothelial tube formation in vitro and (ii) their low tumorigenicity in vivo compared with the MGMT-negative cells. Our study is the first to show a direct link between MGMT expression and decreased angiogenicity and tumorigenicity of GBM cells and suggests the combination of sunitinib and standard therapy as an alternative strategy for GBM patients with MGMT-positive tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute and University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1Z2.
authors.forename: Manik
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chahal
authors.forename: Yaoxian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lesniak
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Famulski
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aghi
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Siham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabri
authors.forename: Bassam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abdulkarim
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002469:Cell Separation; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011878:Radiotherapy; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077210:Sunitinib; D000077204:Temozolomide; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011758:Pyrroles; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D003606:Dacarbazine; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; C515491:MGMT protein, human; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes; D000077210:Sunitinib; D000077204:Temozolomide