title: Does mode of administration matter? Comparison of online and face-to-face administration of a time trade-off task.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Developments in electronic data collection methods have allowed researchers to generate larger datasets at lower costs, but relatively little is known about the comparative performance of the new methods. This paper considers the comparability of two modes of administration (face-to-face and remote electronic) for the time trade-off.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from a convenience sample of adults (n = 135) randomised to either a face-to-face time trade-off or a remote electronic tool. Patterns of responses were considered. For each sample, standard regression analysis was undertaken to generate a valuation set, which were then contrasted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pattern of responses differed by mode of administration, with the electronic tool yielding larger standard deviations and higher proportions of responses at -1, 0 and 1. The impact of this on the regression was difficult to disentangle from the high variability around individual scores of states, which is a common feature of responses to time trade-off tasks. Under the scoring algorithms generated by mode of administration, the difference between scores exceeded 0.1 for 100 of the 243 EQ-5D health states.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This comparison demonstrates that variability arising from mode of administration needs to be considered in developing health state valuations. While electronic administration has considerable cost advantages, particular attention to the design of the task is required. This has wider implications, as all modes of administration may have mode-specific impacts on the distribution of valuation responses.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation (CHERE), University of Technology Sydney, PO BOX 123, 2007, Broadway, Australia. richard.norman@chere.uts.edu.au
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Madeleine T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Dushyant
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Rosalie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Viney
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Street
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009862:Online Systems; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult