title: In vitro and in vivo effects on neural crest stem cell differentiation by conditional activation of Runx1 short isoform and its effect on neuropathic pain behavior.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Runx1, a Runt domain transcription factor, controls the differentiation of nociceptors that express the neurotrophin receptor Ret, regulates the expression of many ion channels and receptors, and controls the lamina-specific innervation pattern of nociceptive afferents in the spinal cord. Moreover, mice lacking Runx1 exhibit specific defects in thermal and neuropathic pain. We investigated whether conditional activation of Runx1 short isoform (Runx1a), which lacks a transcription activation domain, influences differentiation of neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) in vitro and in vivo during development and whether postnatal Runx1a activation affects the sensitivity to neuropathic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We activated ectopic expression of Runx1a in cultured NCSCs using the Tet-ON gene regulatory system during the formation of neurospheres and analyzed the proportion of neurons and glial cells originating from NCSCs. In in vivo experiments we applied doxycycline (DOX) to pregnant mice (days 8-11), i.e. when NCSCs actively migrate, and examined the phenotype of offsprings. We also examined whether DOX-induced activation of Runx1a in adult mice affects their sensitivity to mechanical stimulation following a constriction injury of the sciatic nerve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ectopic Runx1a expression in cultured NCSCs resulted in predominantly glial differentiation. Offsprings in which Runx1a had been activated showed retarded growth and displayed megacolon, pigment defects, and dystrophic dorsal root ganglia. In the neuropathic pain model, the threshold for mechanical sensitivity was markedly increased following activation of Runx1a.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that Runx1a has a specific role in NCSC development and that modulation of Runx1a activity may reduce mechanical hypersensitivity associated with neuropathic pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Neuroanatomy, Uppsala University Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nadezda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanaykina
authors.forename: Klas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abelson
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liakhovitskaia
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schreiner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.forename: Elena N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Kozlova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002465:Cell Movement; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain; D010641:Phenotype; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D020033:Protein Isoforms; C493726:Runx1 protein, mouse; D004318:Doxycycline