title: Delineating genetic alterations for tumor progression in the MCF10A series of breast cancer cell lines.
abstract: To gain insight into the role of genomic alterations in breast cancer progression, we conducted a comprehensive genetic characterization of a series of four cell lines derived from MCF10A. MCF10A is an immortalized mammary epithelial cell line (MEC); MCF10AT is a premalignant cell line generated from MCF10A by transformation with an activated HRAS gene; MCF10CA1h and MCF10CA1a, both derived from MCF10AT xenografts, form well-differentiated and poorly-differentiated malignant tumors in the xenograft models, respectively. We analyzed DNA copy number variation using the Affymetrix 500 K SNP arrays with the goal of identifying gene-specific amplification and deletion events. In addition to a previously noted deletion in the CDKN2A locus, our studies identified MYC amplification in all four cell lines. Additionally, we found intragenic deletions in several genes, including LRP1B in MCF10CA1h and MCF10CA1a, FHIT and CDH13 in MCF10CA1h, and RUNX1 in MCF10CA1a. We confirmed the deletion of RUNX1 in MCF10CA1a by DNA and RNA analyses, as well as the absence of the RUNX1 protein in that cell line. Furthermore, we found that RUNX1 expression was reduced in high-grade primary breast tumors compared to low/mid-grade tumors. Mutational analysis identified an activating PIK3CA mutation, H1047R, in MCF10CA1h and MCF10CA1a, which correlates with an increase of AKT1 phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308. Furthermore, we showed increased expression levels for genes located in the genomic regions with copy number gain. Thus, our genetic analyses have uncovered sequential molecular events that delineate breast tumor progression. These events include CDKN2A deletion and MYC amplification in immortalization, HRAS activation in transformation, PIK3CA activation in the formation of malignant tumors, and RUNX1 deletion associated with poorly-differentiated malignant tumors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Population Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mitsutaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kadota
authors.forename: Howard H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Misako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: Daoud
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meerzaman
authors.forename: Barbara K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Lalage M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: Maxwell P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D058534:Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005784:Gene Amplification; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018628:Gene Dosage; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; C489427:MYC protein, human; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; C493728:RUNX1 protein, human; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D058534:Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; C484760:PIK3CA protein, human