title: Rapid and selective enzymatic debridement of porcine comb burns with bromelain-derived Debrase: acute-phase preservation of noninjured tissue and zone of stasis.
abstract: Deep burns are associated with the formation of an eschar, which delays healing and increases the risk of infection. Surgical debridement of the eschar is, at present, the fastest means to achieve an eschar-free bed, but the process can not differentiate between the viable tissue and the eschar and follow the minute irregularities of the interface between the two. We evaluated the efficacy and selectivity of a novel enzymatic bromelain-based debriding agent, Debrase Gel Dressing (Debrase), in a porcine comb burn model. We hypothesized that Debrase would result in rapid debridement of the eschar without adverse effects on the surrounding uninjured skin. This is a prospective, controlled, animal experiment. Five domestic pigs (20-25 kg) were used in this study. Sixteen burns were created on each animal's dorsum using a brass comb with four rectangular prongs preheated in boiling water and applied for 30 seconds, resulting in four rectangular 10 x 20 mm full-thickness burns and separated by three 5 x 20 mm unburned interspaces representing the zone of stasis. The burned keratin layer (blisters) was removed, and the burns were treated with a single, topical, Debrase or control vehicle application for 4 hours. The Debrase/control was then wiped off using a metal forceps handle, and the burns were treated with a topical silver sulfadiazine (SSD). The wounds were observed, and full-thickness biopsies were obtained at 4 and 48 hours for evidence of dermal thickness, vascular thrombosis, and burn depth, both within the comb burns and the unburned interspaces in between them. Chi-square and t tests are used for data analysis. A single 4-hour topical application of Debrase resulted in rapid and complete eschar dissolution of all the burns in which the keratin layer was removed. The remaining dermis was thinner (1.1 +/- 0.7 mm) than in the control burns (2.1 +/- 0.3 mm; difference 0.9 mm [95% confidence interval: 0.3-1.4]) and was viable with no injury to the normal surrounding skin or to the unburned interspaces between the burns, which represents the zone of stasis. In control burns, the entire thickness of the dermis was necrotic. At 48 hours, Debrase-treated areas were found partially desiccated under SSD treatment. The unburned interspaces demonstrated partial-thickness necrosis in two third and full-thickness necrosis in one third of wounds. In contrast, full-thickness necrosis was noted in all control interspaces (P = .05). In a porcine comb burn model, a single, 4-hour topical application of Debrase resulted in rapid removal of the necrotic layer of the dermis with preservation of unburned tissues. At 48 hours, SSD treatment resulted in superficial tissue damage and partial preservation of the unburned interspaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine and the Division of Laboratory Animal Research, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Steve A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McClain
authors.forename: Breena R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Steinhauff
authors.forename: Lior
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001963:Bromelains / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002056:Burns / Q000601:surgery*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D009336:Necrosis; D009779:Occlusive Dressings; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012837:Silver Sulfadiazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D001963:Bromelains; D012837:Silver Sulfadiazine