title: Toward discovery science of human brain function.
abstract: Although it is being successfully implemented for exploration of the genome, discovery science has eluded the functional neuroimaging community. The core challenge remains the development of common paradigms for interrogating the myriad functional systems in the brain without the constraints of a priori hypotheses. Resting-state functional MRI (R-fMRI) constitutes a candidate approach capable of addressing this challenge. Imaging the brain during rest reveals large-amplitude spontaneous low-frequency (<0.1 Hz) fluctuations in the fMRI signal that are temporally correlated across functionally related areas. Referred to as functional connectivity, these correlations yield detailed maps of complex neural systems, collectively constituting an individual's "functional connectome." Reproducibility across datasets and individuals suggests the functional connectome has a common architecture, yet each individual's functional connectome exhibits unique features, with stable, meaningful interindividual differences in connectivity patterns and strengths. Comprehensive mapping of the functional connectome, and its subsequent exploitation to discern genetic influences and brain-behavior relationships, will require multicenter collaborative datasets. Here we initiate this endeavor by gathering R-fMRI data from 1,414 volunteers collected independently at 35 international centers. We demonstrate a universal architecture of positive and negative functional connections, as well as consistent loci of inter-individual variability. Age and sex emerged as significant determinants. These results demonstrate that independent R-fMRI datasets can be aggregated and shared. High-throughput R-fMRI can provide quantitative phenotypes for molecular genetic studies and biomarkers of developmental and pathological processes in the brain. To initiate discovery science of brain function, the 1000 Functional Connectomes Project dataset is freely accessible at www.nitrc.org/projects/fcon_1000/.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Bharat B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Biswal
authors.forename: Maarten
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authors.lastname: Mennes
authors.forename: Xi-Nian
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Suril
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authors.lastname: Gohel
authors.forename: Clare
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authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Steve M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Smith
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authors.lastname: Beckmann
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authors.lastname: Adelstein
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authors.lastname: Buckner
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authors.lastname: Colcombe
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authors.lastname: Dogonowski
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authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: Damien
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authors.lastname: Fair
authors.forename: Michelle
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authors.lastname: Hoptman
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authors.lastname: Kiviniemi
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kötter
authors.forename: Shi-Jiang
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authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ching-Po
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.forename: Kristoffer H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Margulies
authors.forename: Helen S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Mayberg
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Monk
authors.forename: Stewart H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mostofsky
authors.forename: Bonnie J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pekar
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Peltier
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Riedl
authors.forename: Serge A R B
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rombouts
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authors.lastname: Rypma
authors.forename: Bradley L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Schlaggar
authors.forename: Sein
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authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Rachael D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Seidler
authors.forename: Greg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Siegle
authors.forename: Christian
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authors.lastname: Sorg
authors.forename: Gao-Jun
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Veijola
authors.forename: Arno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villringer
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xu-Chu
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Whitfield-Gabrieli
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Windischberger
authors.forename: Yu-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Hong-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: F Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.forename: Michael P
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authors.lastname: Milham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult