title: Assessment of differences in some indicators of pain in double muscled Belgian Blue cows following naturally calving vs caesarean section.
abstract: This article describes a study of the behaviour of double muscled Belgian Blue (BB) cows during the peri partum period to assess the differences in pain perception in cows calving per vaginam vs cows delivering by caesarean section (CS). In one herd, a total of 30 multiparous cows, of which 17 delivered by CS and 13 calved per vaginam, were closely observed at approximately 1 month before calving and at days 1, 3 and 14 after parturition. The main behavioural indicators of pain were alertness, transition in posture from standing to lying and vice versa, aggressive behaviour, vocalization, rumination quality, reaction on wound and vulva pressure and the percentage of visible eye-white. The main significant differences were lower overall activity and more transition in posture in animals that delivered by CS than in cows that calved naturally. Less time was spent on eating and ruminating in the CS group, their total resting time was longer and their total standing time was shorter. These significant differences were only observed on the first day after calving. Cows of the CS group reacted significantly more when pressure was put on the left flank on the first, third and fourteenth day after calving, whereas animals that calved per vaginam showed more reaction when pressure was put on the area around the vulva, but only on the first day. Based on the results of the present study, we can conclude that there are some significant short-term behavioural differences between BB cows that calve naturally and those that deliver by CS, but in general, the differences are subtle and of short duration.
authors.affiliation: Ethology & Animal Welfare group, Department of Agro- and Biotechnology, KaHo Sint-Lieven/Association University of Leuven, Sint Niklaas, Belgium. iris.kolkman@ugent.be
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kolkman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aerts
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vervaecke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vicca
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vandelook
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Kruif
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Opsomer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lips
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000662:veterinary*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000662:veterinary*; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010173:Palpation / Q000662:veterinary; D036801:Parturition / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012119:Respiration; D012417:Rumen / Q000502:physiology; D014828:Vocalization, Animal; D014844:Vulva
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone