title: Sociodemographic and comorbidity profiles of chronic migraine and episodic migraine sufferers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterise and compare the sociodemographic profiles and the frequency of common comorbidities for adults with chronic migraine (CM) and episodic migraine (EM) in a large population-based sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) study is a longitudinal, population-based, survey. Data from the 2005 survey were analysed to assess differences in sociodemographic profiles and rates of common comorbidities between two groups of respondents: CM (ICHD-2 defined migraine; > or =15 days of headache per month) and EM (ICHD-2 defined migraine; 0-14 days of headache per month). Categories of comorbid conditions included psychiatric, respiratory, cardiovascular, pain and 'other' such as obesity and diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 24 000 headache sufferers surveyed in 2005, 655 respondents had CM, and 11 249 respondents had EM. Compared with EM, respondents with CM had stastically significant lower levels of household income, were less likely to be employed full time and were more likely to be occupationally disabled. Those with CM were approximately twice as likely to have depression, anxiety and chronic pain. Respiratory disorders including asthma, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiac risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol and obesity, were also significantly more likely to be reported by those with CM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sociodemographic and comorbidity profiles of the CM population differ from the EM population on multiple dimensions, suggesting that CM and EM differ in important ways other than headache frequency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. dbuse@montefiore.org
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Buse
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manack
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turkel
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lipton
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003710:Demography; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires