title: Upregulated c-myc expression in multiple myeloma by internal ribosome entry results from increased interactions with and expression of PTB-1 and YB-1.
abstract: The 5' untranslated region of the proto-oncogene c-myc contains an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) and c-myc translation can therefore be initiated by internal ribosome entry as well as by cap-dependent mechanisms. It has been shown previously that in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and in MM-derived cell lines there is a C to T mutation in the c-myc IRES that increases IRES activity and the corresponding synthesis of c-myc protein although it is not fully understood how this occurs. Our data show that two recently identified c-myc IRES trans-acting factors, Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) and polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB-1), bind more strongly (approximately 3.5- and 2-fold respectively) to the mutated version of the c-myc IRES and in vitro these proteins exert their effect synergistically to stimulate IRES activity of the mutant IRES 4.5-fold more than the wild-type version. Importantly, we show that there is a strong correlation between the expression of PTB-1, YB-1 and c-myc in MM-derived cell lines, suggesting that by reducing either PTB-1 or YB-1 protein levels it is possible to decrease c-myc expression and inhibit cell proliferation of MM-derived cell lines.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cobbold
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawicka
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kondrashov
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Spriggs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bushell
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Willis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D034441:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009154:Mutation; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D038941:Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D034441:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; C450006:PTBP1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1; D038941:Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein