title: Chronic pain after lung transplantation: a nationwide study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about persistent postsurgical pain after lung transplantation with the associated intensive and continuous immunosuppressive treatment. Therefore, we investigated the nationwide incidence of chronic pain after lung transplantations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detailed questionnaires were sent to all 110 Danish surviving recipients of lung transplantation from September 2002 to September 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-nine patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria with a mean follow-up time of 39 months. Excluded patients were 1 death during survey, 14 with previous thoracic surgery, and 16 patients who did not respond to an initial mailed questionnaire or a reminder. Fourteen patients (18%) reported persistent pain, whereas only 8 patients (10%) reported pain score >3 (numeric rating scale 0 to 10) and 4 patients (5%) >5 (numeric rating scale 0 to 10). Seventy-one percent of the patients with postsurgical pain also had pain from another part of the body. In patients with persistent postsurgical pain, this was a limiting factor for daily social activities in 29% to 92% dependent on the activity and 54% in pain felt quality of life was compromised due to the pain. Seventy-three percent of persistent postsurgical pain patients (lateral thoracotomy) experienced sensory disturbances compared with 46% of nonpain patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate-to-severe persistent postsurgical pain occurred in 5% to 10% of patients after lung transplantation, which is lower than reported after nontransplant thoracotomy. The specific role of the peritransplant immunosuppression on persistent post-thoracotomy pain should be explored further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia double daggerDivision of Lung Transplantation, Heart Center Section for Surgical Pathophysiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. wildgaard@thoracotomy.eu
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wildgaard
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kehlet
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics