title: Effect of air travel on lymphedema risk in women with history of breast cancer.
abstract: To assess the impact of air travel on swelling of the 'at risk' arm of women treated for breast cancer. Women treated for breast cancer from Canada (n = 60) and from within Australia (n = 12) attending a dragon boat regatta in Queensland, Australia participated. Women were measured within 2 weeks prior to their flight, on arrival in Queensland and, for 40 women travelling from Canada, measured again 6 weeks following return to Canada. Changes to extracellular fluid were measured using a single-frequency bioimpedance device (BIA). Each arm was measured separately using a standardized protocol to obtain the inter-limb impedance ratio. An increase in the ratio indicates accumulated fluid. Information regarding medical management of participants' breast cancer, use of compression garment and history of exercise were also obtained. For most women (95%), air travel did not adversely affect the impedance ratio. The BIA ratio of long-haul travellers was 1.007 +/- 0.065 prior to the flight and 1.006 +/- 0.087 following the flight. The ratio of short-haul travellers was 0.994 +/- 0.033 and following the flight was 1.001 +/- 0.038. Air travel did not cause significant change in BIA ratio in the 'at-risk' arm for the majority of breast cancer survivors who participated in dragon boat racing. Further research is required to determine whether these findings are generalizable to the population of women who have been treated for breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia. sharon.kilbreath@sydney.edu.au
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kilbreath
authors.forename: Leigh C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Kirstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McNeely
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Dylke
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Refshauge
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: Mi-Joung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peddle
authors.forename: Katie J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Battersby
mesh_terms: D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000399:Air Pressure; D001315:Australia; D001365:Axilla; D001458:Bandages; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D002170:Canada / Q000208:ethnology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008408:Mastectomy; D010992:Plethysmography, Impedance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D014195:Travel