title: Functional proteomic analysis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rat models: enoyl-coenzyme a hydratase down-regulation exacerbates hepatic steatosis.
abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a common public health problem that can progress to end-stage liver disease. A high-fat diet (HFD) may promote the development of NAFLD through a mechanism that is poorly understood. We adopted a proteomic approach to examine the effect of HFD on the liver proteome during the progression of NAFLD. Male Sprague-Dawley rats fed an HFD for 4, 12, and 24 weeks replicated the progression of human NAFLD: steatosis, nonspecific inflammation, and steatohepatitis. Using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight/time of flight analysis, 95 proteins exhibiting significant changes (ratio > or = 1.5 or < or =-1.5, P < 0.05) during the development of NAFLD were identified. Biological functions for these proteins reflected phase-specific characteristics during the progression of the disease. The potential role of enoyl-coenzyme A hydratase (ECHS1), an enzyme that catalyzes the second step of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation, received further investigation. First, the reduced protein level of ECHS1 was validated both in rat models and in patients with biopsy-proven hepatic simple steatosis via immunoblotting or immunohistochemical analysis. Then the small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of ECHS1 in the murine hepatocyte cell line alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) demonstrated increased cellular lipid accumulation induced by free fatty acid (FFA) overload. Furthermore, using a hydradynamic transfection method, the in vivo silencing effect of siRNA duplexes targeting ECHS1 was further investigated in mice. Administering ECHS1 siRNA specifically reduced the expression of ECHS1 protein in mice liver, which significantly exacerbated the hepatic steatosis induced by an HFD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results revealed that ECHS1 down-regulation contributed to HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, which may help clarify the pathogenesis of NAFLD and point to potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xuequn
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Juntao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yuanbiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Chaohui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chengfu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Songfeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hangdong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yunping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Youming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fuchu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004746:Enoyl-CoA Hydratase / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D040901:Proteomics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004746:Enoyl-CoA Hydratase