title: Effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) application on enamel microhardness after bleaching.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CCP-ACP) application on the microhardness of bleached enamel and compare it to that of fluoride application.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 extracted bovine incisors were cut into four sections (4 x 4 x 3 mm) that were randomly distributed among five groups (n = 8). All groups were bleached three times using 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP), with 5-day intervals between bleaching, according to the following treatment protocols: Group A: bleaching only; Group B: bleaching + daily CCP-ACP paste; Group C: bleaching + daily casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACPF) paste; Group D: bleaching + daily 250ppm NaF solution; Group E: bleaching + APF gel (once after final bleaching). Specimens were maintained in artificial saliva throughout the experiment. Baseline and post-treatment Vickers microhardness values were obtained for all specimens. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups B and C showed significant increases in enamel microhardness following treatment (P < 0.001), whereas no statistically significant changes were observed in Groups A, D, or E (P > 0.05). One-way ANOVA of delta Vickers microhardness numbers (deltaVHN) revealed significant differences among groups (P < 0.001), with Group B showing the highest deltaVHN and Group A the lowest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey. suleb76@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sule
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bayrak
authors.forename: Emine Sen
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Tunc
authors.forename: Isil Saroglu
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Sonmez
authors.forename: Turkan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Egilmez
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozmen
mesh_terms: D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D006244:Hardness; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; D016877:Oxidants; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide