Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.
Cardiovascular disease is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, and improved strategies for prevention and treatment are needed. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis and clinical expression of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. This article reviews the evidence linking endothelial dysfunction to human diabetes mellitus and experimental studies that investigated the responsible mechanisms. We then discuss the implications of these studies for current management and for new approaches for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Tabit
Corey E
CE
Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Chung
William B
WB
Hamburg
Naomi M
NM
Vita
Joseph A
JA
D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
D009569:Nitric Oxide; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta