title: Influence of obesity and sarcopenic obesity on plantar pressure of postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Menopause is associated with a decrease in fat-free mass and an increase in fat mass. Sarcopenic obesity is more strongly associated with physical limitations than either obesity or sarcopenia and their effect in plantar pressure is not known. Consequently, the scope of the present study was to examine the effect of obesity and sarcopenic obesity on plantar pressure of postmenopausal women, during walking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body composition and biomechanics parameters of plantar pressure were assessed in 239 postmenopausal women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to non-obese and non-sarcopenic women, obese postmenopausal women have higher peak pressure in the metatarsal areas 1, 4, 5, midfoot and lateral heel and higher absolute impulses in all metatarsal and heel areas. On the other hand, sarcopenic obese postmenopausal women presented higher peak pressure and absolute impulses under all metatarsal areas, midfoot and heels. When the absolute values of maximal peak pressures and absolute impulses were normalised to body mass, pressure increases were only perceived for midfoot.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pressure increase found in different foot areas of obese and particularly in sarcopenic obese could cause discomfort and pain in the foot. Sarcopenic obese postmenopausal women also present a higher loading during the stance phase comparing with non-sarcopenic non-obese, fact that might limit their basic daily activity tasks, such as walking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health, Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aranha
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neves e Castro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreira
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001823:Body Composition; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017698:Postmenopause; D011312:Pressure; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*