title: Trends in publications regarding evidence-practice gaps: a literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Well-designed trials of strategies to improve adherence to clinical practice guidelines are needed to close persistent evidence-practice gaps. We studied how the number of these trials is changing with time, and to what extent physicians are participating in such trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a literature-based study of trends in evidence-practice gap publications over 10 years and participation of clinicians in intervention trials to narrow evidence-practice gaps. We chose nine evidence-based guidelines and identified relevant publications in the PubMed database from January 1998 to December 2007. We coded these publications by study type (intervention versus non-intervention studies). We further subdivided intervention studies into those for clinicians and those for patients. Data were analyzed to determine if observed trends were statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 1,151 publications that discussed evidence-practice gaps in nine topic areas. There were 169 intervention studies that were designed to improve adherence to well-established clinical guidelines, averaging 1.9 studies per year per topic area. Twenty-eight publications (34%; 95% CI: 24% - 45%) reported interventions intended for clinicians or health systems that met Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) criteria for adequate design. The median consent rate of physicians asked to participate in these well-designed studies was 60% (95% CI, 25% to 69%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We evaluated research publications for nine evidence-practice gaps, and identified small numbers of well-designed intervention trials and low rates of physician participation in these trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 100 North Nine Mound Road, Verona, Wisconsin, USA. ann.evensen@uwmf.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Ann E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Evensen
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanson-Fisher
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Este
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald