Fingerprinting of propolis by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry.
Chemical profiles of a representative set of 49 propolis ethanolic extracts collected worldwide (North and South America, Europe, Asia and Oceania) were obtained via easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS). This simple and easily implemented fingerprinting technique analyses directly (without any pre-separation or sample manipulation) a tiny droplet of the ethanolic extract placed on a inert surface under ambient conditions. Data acquisition took about a minute per sample with no substantial sample carry-over. Extraction of propolis with ethanol by using an ultrasonic bath method gave EASI-MS data similar to the traditional maceration method, reducing total analysis time for the crude propolis resin from a week to just ca 1h. Principal component analysis of the EASI-MS data is shown to group samples according to the plant sources of their resins, which characterizes their geographical origin.
Sawaya
Alexandra C H F
AC
Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. franksawaya@terra.com.br
Abdelnur
Patrícia Verardi
PV
Eberlin
Marcos N
MN
Kumazawa
Shigenori
S
Ahn
Mok-Ryeon
MR
Bang
Keuk-Seung
KS
Nagaraja
Narayanappa
N
Bankova
Vassya S
VS
Afrouzan
Houshang
H
D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011429:Propolis / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014465:Ultrasonics
D011429:Propolis