title: Does night-time cortisol excretion normalize in the long-term course of depression?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While there is extensive literature on HPA system activity in acutely depressed patients, there is only limited information about the presence of hypercortisolemia during the interepisode interval of affective disorders. We hypothesized an increase in HPA system activity in depressed patients compared to controls, and proposed that night-time cortisol excretion during follow-up will depend on clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured night-time cortisol excretion in 27 patients during an acute episode of major depression as well as a 20-week follow-up. 40 healthy subjects served as control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the acute episode depressed patients showed increased levels of night-time cortisol excretion compared to healthy controls. Both, patients with full and sustained remission (n=8) as well as patients with incomplete remission or relapse (n=19) showed declining cortisol excretion in night-time urine during follow-up. At the end of follow-up cortisol excretion did not differ between patients with affective disorder and healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irrespective of residual depressive symptoms, HPA system activity declines after the generally investigated acute depressive episode.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scharnholz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lederbogen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feuerhack
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kopf
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frankhauser
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Onken
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gilles
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hamann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deuschle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008803:Mianserin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D000078785:Mirtazapine; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D008803:Mianserin; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D000078785:Mirtazapine; D006854:Hydrocortisone