title: Alcohol consumption before and after a significant reduction of alcohol prices in 2004 in Finland: were the effects different across population subgroups?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine trends in adult alcohol consumption by age, gender and education from 1982 to 2008 and evaluate the effects that a significant reduction in alcohol prices in 2004 had on alcohol consumption in different population subgroups.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised respondents aged 25-64 (n = 79,100) replying to nationally representative annual postal surveys from 1982 to 2008 (average response rate 72%). The main measurements were the prevalence of respondents who had drunk at least eight (men) or five (women) drinks in the previous week ('moderate to heavy drinkers') and prevalence of those who weekly (men) or monthly (women) drank six or more drinks on a single occasion ('heavy episodic drinkers') (one 'drink' containing 11-13 g ethanol). Logistic models were used to test differences across population subgroups in the changes in drinking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following the reduction of alcohol prices in 2004, drinking increased among men and women aged 45-64. Among men, both moderate to heavy drinking and heavy episodic drinking increased in the lowest educational group. Among women, moderate to heavy drinking increased mostly in the lowest and intermediate educational groups, while the highest increases for heavy episodic drinking were in the intermediate and highest female educational groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol consumption increased especially among those aged 45-64 and among lower educated people following the reduction in alcohol prices in 2004 in Finland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Lifestyle and Participation, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 30, FI-00 271 Helsinki, Finland. satu.helakorpi@thl.fi
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Helakorpi
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mäkelä
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uutela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000191:economics*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004493:Education; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011153:Population; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors