title: Laparoscopic repair of an incarcerated right indirect sliding inguinal hernia involving a retroperitoneal ileum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic techniques for the repair of inguinal hernias have become an increasingly popular alternative to open techniques. No clear consensus has emerged as to the best laparoscopic technique, but the body of evidence increasingly favors a total extraperitoneal (TEP) approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report the case of an adult man with an incarcerated right indirect inguinal sliding hernia involving the first known instance of a retroperitoneal ileum, and the novel use of a laparoscopic combined TEP approach and transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) approach to repair his hernia without complications. The literature is reviewed and TEP and TAPP techniques for the treatment of inguinal hernias are discussed and compared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When faced with an unforeseen anomaly during herniorrhaphy in which improved abdominal visualization is necessary, a surgeon may convert from a TEP to a transabdominal laparoscopic approach safely and effectively.
authors.affiliation: Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM390, Houston, TX 77030, USA. freundli@bcm.edu
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Freundlich
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Hawes
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Weldon
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Brunicardi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000601:surgery; D013526:Surgical Mesh