title: Evaluation of the leptin receptor in human spermatozoa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leptin, a 167 amino acid peptide hormone, profoundly effects reproduction exerting its biological effects via interaction with the leptin receptor (ObR) which is widely expressed on peripheral tissues. In this study, we have attempted to assess leptin receptor expression in the spermatozoa of fertile males and those diagnosed with male factor infertility; both at the mRNA or protein levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen samples were collected from fertile males and individuals with male factor infertility. In order to evaluate leptin receptor expression several techniques were utilized, including: reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunostaining, flow cytometry, and western blotting. Mononuclear cells isolated from volunteers' peripheral blood were used as positive controls for leptin receptor expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  leptin receptor was noted on mononuclear cells but we were unable to detect this receptor on spermatozoa at the protein level. Leptin receptor expression was detected on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as positive controls; however it was not detectable on the spermatozoa of both groups by immunofluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. Furthermore, positive expression of the ObR long isoform as assessed by RT-PCR was observed in the sperm of only four cases, whereas expression of beta-Actin, a house keeping gene, and HspA2, a testis specific gene, was present in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long isoform of leptin receptor may not be present on human sperm. Species difference may be accounted for diverse reproductive physiology which depends on metabolic requirement. Leptin receptor expression at the mRNA level in some individuals may be related to contamination by other cells in semen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction and Development, Royan Institute for Animal Biotechnology, ACER, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hatami-Baroogh
authors.forename: Shahnaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Razavi
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zarkesh-Esfahani
authors.forename: Marziyeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tavalaee
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanhaei
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghaedi
authors.forename: Mohamad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Deemeh
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rabiee
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nasr-Esfahani
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015870:Gene Expression; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C091879:HSPA2 protein, human; C515448:LEPR protein, human; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D054411:Receptors, Leptin