title: Fabrication and characterization of a biomimetic composite scaffold for bone defect repair.
abstract: For successful bone tissue engineering, scaffolds with tailored properties are a basic requirement. The combination of different available materials not only appears to be desirable but also very challenging. In this study, a composite material consisting of hydroxyapatite and collagen was produced by a biomimetic precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TGA). Subsequently, a suspension-quick-freezing and lyophilization method was used to incorporate the hydroxyapatite into a polymeric matrix consisting of collagen and chitosan. Before physicochemical characterization, the highly porous scaffolds were consolidated by a dehydrothermal treatment (DHT). The main attention was focused on the particle size of hydroxyapatite, which should be in the nanometer range. This is relevant to achieve a homogeneous resorption of the material by osteoclasts. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) were used to evaluate the outcome. The results suggest a successful polymeric embedding of nanoscaled hydroxyapatite particles into the matrix of the spongy construct. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Division, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nitzsche
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lochmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Metz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Syrowatka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hempel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thurn-Albrecht
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mäder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D010316:Particle Size; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D003094:Collagen; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite