title: Pain in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Parkinson's disease is characterized primarily as a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to disabling motor and cognitive impairment. PD is less widely appreciated as a disease causing a substantial variety of pain syndromes, although the prevalence of pain in PD is approximately 40%. In a minority of patients, pain is so severe and intractable that it overshadows the motor symptoms of the disorder. In recent years, descriptive surveys of non-motor symptoms in PD have led to a classification of painful sensations into one or more of several categories: musculoskeletal pain, radicular or neuropathic pain, dystonia-related pain, akathitic discomfort, and primary, central parkinsonian pain. A framework for diagnosing and treating painful PD is described in this review, together with recent insignts into the neurophysiological mechanisms and substrates of pain in PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. bford@neuro.columbia.edu
authors.forename: Blair
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ford
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*