title: ApoB/apoA-I ratio is better than LDL-C in detecting cardiovascular risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiovascular (CV) events occur even when LDL-C are <100mg/dL. To improve the detection of CV risk we investigated the apoB/apoA-I ratio versus LDL-C in subjects considered normal glucose tolerant (NGT) by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 616 NGT (273 men and 343 women), and we measured insulin resistance, lipid profile, apoB/apoA-I and the factors compounding the metabolic syndrome (MetS). An unfavourable apoB/apoA-I (≥0.9 for males and ≥0.8 for females) was present in 13.9% of 108 patients with LDL-C <100mg/dL: compared to subjects with lower apoB/apoA-I (<0.9 for males and <0.8 for females), they had more elements of MetS and their lipid profile strongly correlated with high CV risk. Out of 314 patients with lower apoB/apoA-I, 40.12% had LDL-C ≥130mg/dL: these retained a more favourable lipid profile than corresponding subjects with elevated apoB/apoA-I ratio. Finally, we found a significant correlation between LDL-C and apoB/apoA-I ratio (r=0.48, p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In NGT with LDL-C <100mg/dL, a higher apoB/apoA-I exhibited an atherogenic lipid profile, indicating that LDL-C alone is insufficient to define CV risk. Independent from LDL-level, when apoB/apoA-I is lower, the lipid profile is, in fact, less atherogenic. This study demonstrates that apoB/apoA-I is at least complementary to LDL-C in identifying the "effective" CV risk profile of asymptomatic NGT subjects.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro" and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Carnevale Schianca
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pedrazzoli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onolfo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Colli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cornetti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bergamasco
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Fra
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bartoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL