title: Perceived barriers to provision of medication therapy management services (MTMS) and the likelihood of a pharmacist to work in a pharmacy that provides MTMS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, medication therapy management services (MTMS) has gained significant attention as an important type of pharmaceutical care designed to improve patient outcomes with more appropriate medication usage and monitoring. Although the provision of MTMS is increasing in pharmacies across the nation, and pharmacists are well equipped to administer MTMS, many community pharmacists are not currently providing these services.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine barriers to provision of MTMS perceived by pharmacists and factors associated with the likelihood of working in a pharmacy that provides MTMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys were mailed to 906 community pharmacists licensed in West Virginia using a stratified random sample. The instrument was constructed and finalized following a review by experts and pilot tested in a convenience sample of pharmacists. Principal components analysis was performed to determine the factors that describe perceived barriers to provision of MTMS. Discriminant analysis using factor scores and other demographic and practice variables was performed to predict respondents' likelihood to work in a pharmacy that provides MTMS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 3-factor model was extracted from the responses, which explained 53.3% of the total variance. The factors included perceived ability to respond to patient interest, pharmacy-related factors, and enabling factors. The discriminant function correctly classified 76.2% of cases and included comfort level with provision of services, perceived value of services to patients, perceived ability to respond to patient interest, and whether they currently offer MTMS. These variables were all positively correlated with pharmacists' likelihood of working in a pharmacy that provides MTMS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comfort level and ability are important factors that influence pharmacists' likelihood of working in a pharmacy that provides MTMS. These findings highlight the importance of advanced practice experiences, certificate programs, and residencies to build pharmacists' confidence, and the role of targeted recruitment to attract pharmacists to community pharmacies that provide MTMS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA. kblake@hsc.wvu.ed
authors.forename: Kimberly B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: S Suresh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Madhavan
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003625:Data Collection; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D004513:Education, Pharmacy, Continuing / Q000458:organization & administration; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D054539:Medication Therapy Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D024382:Professional Role / Q000523:psychology; D014903:West Virginia