title: Effect of protopanaxadiol derivatives in high glucose-induced fibronectin expression in primary cultured rat mesangial cells: role of mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt.
abstract: A lot of anti-diabetic agents using natural plants have been extensively studied. Ginsenosides are known to be used as a remedy for diabetes in Asian countries and American Societies. Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Extracellular matrix in mesangial cells is mainly composed of fibronectin and the increase of fibronectin is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. Protopenaxadiol (PPD) is a major component of total ginseng. Thus, we examined the regulatory mechanism of PPD derivatives-induced preventive effect of fibronectin expression in mesangial cells cultivated under diabetic condition. In present study, ginsenoside Rb1 prevented the high glucose-induced increase of fibronectin expression in mesangial cells. Ginsenoside Rb2 and Rg3 also mildly inhibited it. However, ginsenoside Rc and Rd did not prevent the high glucose-induced increase of fibronectin expression in mesangial cells. In addition, ginsenoside Rb1 prevented high glucose-induced phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38 MAPK, JNK/SAPK, and Akt. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 is the most powerful component of PPD derivatives. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rb1 prevented high glucose-induced increase of fibronectin expression via the inhibition of MAPK-Akt signaling cascade.
authors.affiliation: Bio-therapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chun Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Seul Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Dong Il
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Cheong
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jong Choon
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ho Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jae Hak
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Kye Yeop
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung-Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Soo Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000502:physiology*; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012502:Sapogenins / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012502:Sapogenins; D012313:RNA; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose; C062916:protopanaxadiol