title: Exercise and the metabolic syndrome with weight regain.
abstract: Weight loss improves metabolic syndrome (MetS) factors, but risk may return with weight regain. This study was designed to determine if exercise training can maintain improvements in MetS risk factors during weight regain. In a randomized control trial,102 overweight or obese (body mass index 25.0-39.9 kg/m(2)) men and women (age 21-52 yr), with characteristics of the MetS, lost 10% of body weight with supervised walking/jogging at 60% of maximal oxygen consumption (Vo(2 max)) (-400 kcal/session), 5 days/wk, and caloric restriction (-600 kcal/day) over a 4- to 6-mo period. After weight loss, 77 remaining subjects underwent programmed weight regain (+50% of lost weight) for 4-6 mo with random assignment to two groups: no exercise (NoEX) or continued supervised exercise (EX). Blood pressure, regional fat, glucose homeostasis, lipids, and inflammatory markers were assessed at baseline, post-weight loss, and post-weight regain. Groups were compared by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA on the 67 subjects. After weight loss (9.7 +/- 0.2% of body weight), significant (P < 0.05) improvements were observed in almost all parameters assessed. Following weight regain (54.4 +/- 1.6% of lost weight), the NoEX group exhibited deterioration in most metabolic markers, while the EX group maintained improvements in Vo(2 max), blood pressures, glucose homeostasis, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), oxidized LDL, and other markers of inflammation, but did not maintain improvements in triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations or abdominal fat. Results of this design of controlled human weight regain suggest that aerobic exercise can counter the detrimental effects of partial weight regain on many markers of disease risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. thomastr@missouri.edu
authors.forename: Tom R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Shana O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Dellsperger
authors.forename: Pamela S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hinton
authors.forename: Adam T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Whaley-Connell
authors.forename: R Scott
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rector
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chockalingam
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Thyfault
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Huyette
authors.forename: Ze
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids