title: Disparities in Health Services for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C Virus, and Sexually Transmitted Infections: Role of Substance Abuse Treatment Programs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This report focused upon the availability of infection-related health services in substance abuse treatment programs with and without addiction services tailored for special populations (women and non-white populations).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional, descriptive design, treatment program administrators across the United States within the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network provided information on program characteristics, the availability of infection-related services (four medical services and three non-medical services for HIV, HCV, and STI), and barriers to providing infection-related services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 319 programs, 269 submitted surveys (84% response rate). Of these, 80% provided addiction services for special populations. Programs providing addiction services designed for at least one special population, were more likely to provide infection-related health services, especially HIV-related education (94% versus 85%, p = 0.05) and patient counseling (76% versus 60%, p = 0.03) and were more likely to include outpatient addiction services (86% versus 57%, p<0.001) and outreach and support services (92% versus 70%, p=0.01). Barriers to providing infection-related services included funding (cited by 48.3% to 74.7% of programs), health insurance (cited by 28.9% to 60.8% of programs), and patient acceptance (cited by 23.2% to 54.3% of programs).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite many barriers, infection-related healthcare is available in programs with addiction treatment services tailored for special populations, especially for African Americans and Latino Americans. Tailoring substance abuse treatment along with reducing barriers to infection-related care represent public health interventions with potential to reduce the burdens and disparities associated with these infections.
authors.affiliation: Addiction Research and Treatment Corporation, Brooklyn, NY.
authors.forename: Lawrence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kritz
authors.forename: Adashima
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.forename: Edmund J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bini
authors.forename: R Jeffrey
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alderson
authors.forename: Deborah S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hasin
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rotrosen