title: Methods of recruiting adolescents with psychiatric and substance use disorders for a clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present article reports on recruiting strategies in a 16-week, multi-site trial of osmotic-release methylphenidate combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy in adolescents with co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multifaceted recruiting strategy was employed that targeted multiple referral sources, used incentives, involved numerous staff members, emphasized the therapeutic alliance during prescreening, and utilized data to modify strategies based on results. Overall, 303 adolescents were randomized from 1,333 total referrals across 11 participating sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, existing treatment program sources, including treatment program staff, social services, the juvenile justice system, and mental health clinics provided a majority of referrals for pre-screening and randomization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the feasibility of recruiting dually-diagnosed adolescents utilizing a multifaceted approach involving the entire study team.
authors.affiliation: Mclean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Jaffee
authors.forename: Genie L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lohman
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riggs
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Roger D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003155:Community Mental Health Centers; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D006801:Humans; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D018579:Patient Selection; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012947:Social Work; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D008774:Methylphenidate