Effect of the mode of administration of inhaled anaesthetics on the interpretation of the F(A)/F(I) curve--a GasMan simulation.
The effects of blood solubility, cardiac output and ventilation on the rise of the alveolar towards the inspired concentration, the F(A)/F(I) curve, of an inhaled anaesthetic are often thought to reflect how these factors affect wash-in of the central nervous system compartment and, therefore, speed of induction because F(A) is the partial pressure ultimately attained in the central nervous system (F(VRG)). These classical F(A)/F(I) curves assumed a constant F(I). We used GasMan to examine whether changes in solubility, cardiac output and ventilation affect the relationship between the F(A)/F(I) curve and F(VRG) differently while either F(I) or F(A) are kept constant. Using GasMan, we studied the effects of solubility (desflurane vs isoflurane), cardiac output (5 vs. 10 l x min(-1)) and minute ventilation (4 vs. 8 l x min(-1)) on F(A), F(I), F(A)/F(I) and F(VRG) with either F(I) kept constant or F(A) kept constant (at 1 minimum alveolar concentration). High fresh gas flows were used to avoid rebreathing, so that the delivered concentration matched F(I). Despite similar effects on the F(A)/F(I) curve, the effects on F(VRG) differed. With constant F(I), lower solubility or higher ventilation results in a higher F(VRG) and a higher cardiac output results in a lower F(VRG). With constant F(A), solubility has only a minimal effect on F(VRG); an increase in cardiac output hastens the rise of F(VRG) to the same plateau value; and a change in ventilation has minimal effect on F(VRG). Despite similar effects on the F(A)/F(I) curve, the effects of solubility, cardiac output and ventilation on the F(VRG) are different when either F(I) or F(A) are kept constant. With the F(I) kept constant, induction of anaesthesia is slower with a higher cardiac output, but with F(A) kept constant, induction of anaesthesia is faster with a higher cardiac output. The introduction of an end-expired closed-loop feedback administration of inhaled anaesthetics makes this distinction clinically relevant.
Van Zundert
T
T
Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Onze Lieve Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium and University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Hendrickx
J
J
Brebels
A
A
De Cooman
S
S
Gatt
S
S
De Wolf
A
A
D000399:Air Pressure; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000379:methods*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D000077335:Desflurane; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000502:physiology*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology; D012984:Software; D012995:Solubility
D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane