title: Calcium oxalate urolithiasis.
abstract: Calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths are one of the most common urolith types in dogs, cats, and humans. Many factors predispose animals to CaOx uroliths, including breed, old age, obesity, male sex, being neutered, and certain diseases. Because there are no effective strategies for medical dissolution of these uroliths, management should focus on physical removal (by surgical or nonsurgical methods) and prevention, especially in patients with recurring uroliths, high-risk breeds, and animals with predisposing diseases. Prevention focuses on diet modification, primarily to increase water intake, and the appropriate use or avoidance of specific medications.
authors.affiliation: Hope Center for Advanced Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gisselman
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Langston
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCue
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D053180:Animal Nutrition Sciences; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004285:Dogs; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D012307:Risk Factors