title: Effects of interventions involving the family in the treatment of adult patients with chronic physical diseases: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Families can have considerable influence on the health of a patient with a chronic physical disease, and attempts have been made to optimise treatment by involving family members. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess the effects of family-oriented interventions on adults with chronic physical diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search was conducted to identify randomised clinical trials that have evaluated the effects of family-based interventions for adult patients compared to standard treatment. Interventions were classified as psychoeducation or addressing family relationships. The outcomes studied were the patient's physical and mental health and the health of the family members. The effect sizes were calculated as Hedges' g and combined using random-effects models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two relevant randomised controlled trials (including 8,896 patients) were extracted. The main disease groups were cardiovascular diseases including stroke, cancer and arthritis. Meta-analysis showed that family involvement resulted in significantly better health than standard treatment for all outcomes. The mean overall effect sizes were 0.32 for the patients' physical health, 0.28 for the patients' mental health and 0.35 for the family members' health. Overall, the effects were not large, but they were broad, significant and stable over a long period of time. There was a tendency towards higher effects in favour of relationship-focused family interventions compared to educational interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychosocial interventions involving family members in the treatment of chronic physical diseases have positive effects on the health outcome for both the patient and his/her family. Further high-quality research is necessary to investigate differential effects.
authors.affiliation: Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. mechthild.hartmann @ med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Mechthild
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bäzner
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eisler
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Herzog
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005195:Family Relations; D005196:Family Therapy; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome