title: Depression in fathers in the postnatal period: assessment of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as a screening measure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postnatal depression commonly affects women after the birth of a child, and is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes for their children. A wide variety of measures have been used to screen for depression in the postnatal period but little research has investigated such measures with men. However depression can also affect men at this time, and this is associated with an independently increased risk of adverse child outcomes. The present study aimed to determine whether a reliable cut off point for the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) can be established to screen fathers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of fathers was sent the EPDS at 7 weeks after the birth of their child. A structured clinical interview was conducted with 192 men to determine whether they were suffering from depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fathers with depression scored significantly higher on the EPDS than non-depressed fathers. A score of greater than 10 was found to be the optimal cut off point for screening for depression, with a sensitivity of 89.5% and a specificity of 78.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relatively modest participation rate means the results may not be fully generalisable to the whole population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EPDS is shown to have reasonable sensitivity and specificity at a cut off score of over 10. The study shows that it is possible to screen fathers for depression in the postnatal period and it may be valuable to administer this measure to new fathers.
authors.affiliation: Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Olivia J H
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Edmondson
authors.forename: Lamprini
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Psychogiou
authors.forename: Haido
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vlachos
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Netsi
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Ramchandani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004739:England; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors