title: Additive effects of estrogen replacement therapy and bisphosphonates on osseointegration of hydroxyapatite-coated titanium screws in ovariectomized rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of locally immobilized bisphosphonates and systemic estrogen replacement therapy on fixation of hydroxyapatite-coated screws in ovariectomized rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve weeks after being ovariectomized, each of the 20 rats received 2 hydroxyapatite-coated screws in the proximal tibia, with or without immobilized bisphosphonates. Half of the animals also received subcutaneous injections of 17beta-estradiol. Thus, there were 4 groups: control, estrogen, bisphosphonates, and estrogen plus bisphosphonates. Tibiae with screws were measured by microscopic computerized tomography and push-out test 12 weeks after implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combined treatment had the strongest effects, with the bone volume ratio around screws and the percentage of osteointegration significantly increased by 2.3-fold and 1.9-fold and the push-out force by 3.3-fold compared with untreated control samples. Monotherapy also enhanced the fixation of screws, although less.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systemic estrogen replacement therapy and locally immobilized bisphosphonates had additive effects on fixation of hydroxyapatite-coated screws in ovariectomized rats.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Xianwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001863:Bone Screws; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003722:Dental Alloys; D004164:Diphosphonates; D004967:Estrogens; D007093:Imidazoles; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D004958:Estradiol; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium