title: Utilization of pectin-enriched materials from apple pomace as a fat replacer in a model food system.
abstract: Water soluble pectin-enriched materials (PEMs) from apple pomace, were evaluated as a fat replacer in a model food system. When PEM solutions were subjected to steady-shear measurements, shear-thinning behavior was observed. The flow behaviors could be described by the Cross model (R(2)=0.99), and temperature effects were investigated by the Arrhenius equation. The addition of PEMs significantly increased the pasting parameters of wheat flour as measured by a starch pasting rheometer. Gelatinization temperature and enthalpy increased with increasing PEM concentrations. When PEMs were incorporated into cookie formulations in place of shortening (semisolid fat generally used in baked foods) up to 30% by the weight of shortening, the cookie spread diameter was reduced while an increase in the moisture content was observed. Moreover, replacement of shortening with PEMs contributed to a more tender texture and lighter surface color.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 98 Kunja-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bockki
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: In Young
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Hyeon Gyu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Suyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning / Q000379:methods; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005502:Food; D005524:Food Technology / Q000379:methods*; D005782:Gels; D027845:Malus; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry*; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005782:Gels; D010368:Pectins