title: Induction of apoptosis by [8]-shogaol via reactive oxygen species generation, glutathione depletion, and caspase activation in human leukemia cells.
abstract: Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale , is a traditional medicine with a carminative effect and antinausea, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. This study examined the growth inhibitory effects of [8]-shogaol, one of the pungent phenolic compounds in ginger, on human leukemia HL-60 cells. It demonstrated that [8]-shogaol was able to induce apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with [8]-shogaol caused a rapid loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into cytosol, and subsequent induction of procaspase-9 and procaspase-3 processing. Taken together, these results suggest for the first time that ROS production and depletion of glutathione that contributed to [8]-shogaol-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan. shea7166@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Po-Chuen
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Shieh
authors.forename: Yi-Own
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Daih-Huang
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Fu-An
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mei-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Ing-Shing
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shengmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.forename: Chi-Tang
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Min-Hsiung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C040115:shogaol; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D005978:Glutathione