title: Interventions for increasing ankle range of motion in patients with neuromuscular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reduced ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, or ankle equinus, is a common and disabling problem for patients with neuromuscular disease. Clinicians devote considerable time and resources implementing interventions to correct this problem although few of these interventions have been subject to rigorous empirical investigation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of interventions to reduce or resolve ankle equinus in people with neuromuscular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Trials Specialized Register (August 2009), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2009), MEDLINE (1966 to August 2009), EMBASE (1980 to August 2009), CINAHL 1982 to August 2009), AMED (1985 to August 2009) and The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) (1929 to August 2009). We searched the reference lists of identified articles and also contacted known experts in the field to identify additional or unpublished data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials evaluating interventions for increasing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in neuromuscular disease. Outcomes included ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, functional improvement, foot alignment, foot and ankle muscle strength, health-related quality of life, satisfaction with the intervention and adverse events.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two authors independently selected papers, assessed trial quality and extracted data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four studies involving 149 participants met inclusion criteria for this review. Two studies assessed the effect of night splinting in a total of 26 children and adults with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. There were no statistically or clinically significant differences between wearing a night splint and not wearing a night splint. One study assessed the efficacy of prednisone treatment in 103 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. While a daily dose of prednisone at 0.75 mg/kg/day resulted in significant improvements in some strength and function parameters compared with placebo, there was no significant difference in ankle range of motion between groups. Increasing the prednisone dose to 1.5 mg/kg/day had no significant effect on ankle range of motion. One study evaluated early surgery in 20 young boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Surgery resulted in increased ankle dorsiflexion range at 12 months but functional outcomes favoured the control group. By 24 months, many boys in the surgical group experienced a relapse of achilles tendon contractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no evidence of significant benefit from any intervention for increasing ankle range of motion in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A or Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Further research is required.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Kristy J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Danielle M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Kathryn N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: North
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002607:Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease / Q000150:complications*; D004863:Equinus Deformity / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000150:complications*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013165:Splints
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011241:Prednisone