title: Combination of small molecules enhances differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into intermediate mesoderm through BMP7-positive cells.
abstract: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are potentially powerful tools for regenerative medicine and establishment of disease models. The recent progress in ESC technologies is noteworthy, but ESC differentiation into renal lineages is relatively less established. The present study aims to differentiate mouse ESCs (mESCs) into a renal progenitor pool, the intermediate mesoderm (IM), without addition of exogenous cytokines and embryoid formation. First, we treated mESCs with a combination of small molecules (Janus-associated tyrosine kinase inhibitor 1, LY294002, and CCG1423) and differentiated them into BMP7-positive cells, BMP7 being the presumed inducing factor for IM. When these cells were cultured with adding retinoic acid, expression of odd-skipped related 1 (Osr1), which is essential to IM differentiation, was enhanced. To simplify the differentiation protocol, the abovementioned four small molecules (including retinoic acid) were combined and added to the culture. Under this condition, more than one-half of the cells were positive for Osr1, and at the same time, Pax2 (another IM marker) was detected by real-time PCR. Expressions of ectodermal marker and endodermal marker were not enhanced, while mesodermal marker changed. Moreover, expression of genes indispensable to kidney development, i.e., Lim1 and WT1, was detected by RT-PCR. These results indicate the establishment of a specific, effective method for differentiation of the ESC monolayer into IM using a combination of small molecules, resulting in an attractive cell source that could be experimentally differentiated to understand nephrogenic mechanisms and cell-to-cell interactions in embryogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan. m08s007@shinshu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mae
authors.forename: Sakiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirasawa
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshie
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yoshiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanoh
authors.forename: Hinako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Tadayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Fengming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Daihachiro
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tomotsune
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000813:Anilides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002450:Cell Communication; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D015870:Gene Expression; D005819:Genetic Markers; D053612:Janus Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012038:Regeneration
chemical_list: D000813:Anilides; D001549:Benzamides; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; C523455:CCG 1423; D002867:Chromones; D005819:Genetic Markers; D009025:Morpholines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D053612:Janus Kinases