title: The adjacent vessel sign on breast MRI: new data and a subgroup analysis for 1,084 histologically verified cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The adjacent vessel sign (AVS) is a descriptor for differentiating malignant from benign breast lesions on breast MRI (bMRI). This investigation was designed to verify the previous reports on the diagnostic accuracy of AVS and to assess correlation between AVS, histopathological diagnosis, lesion size and lesion grade.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was approved by the local ethical committee. Experienced radiologists evaluated 1,084 lesions. The exclusion criteria were no histological verification after bMRI and breast interventions that were done up to one year before bMRI (surgery, core biopsy, chemo- or radiation therapy). The native and dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted series were acquired using standardized protocols. The AVS was rated positive if a vessel leading to a lesion could be visualized. Prevalence of an AVS was correlated with the lesions' size, grade and histology using Chi-square-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AVS was significantly associated with malignancy (p < 0.001; sensitivity: 47%, specificity: 88%, positive-predictive-value [PPV]: 85%). Malignant lesions > 2 cm more often presented with an AVS than did those malignant lesions < 2 cm (p < 0.0001; sensitivity: 65%, PPV: 90%). There was no correlation of the AVS with the tumor grade. The prevalence of an AVS didn't significantly differ between invasive lobular carcinomas versus ductal carcinomas. In situ cancers were less frequently associated with an AVS (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adjacent vessel sign was significantly associated with malignancy. Thus, it can be used to accurately assess breast lesions on bMRI. In this study, the AVS was particularly associated with advanced and invasive carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07740 Jena, Germany. matthias.dietzel@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dietzel
authors.forename: Pascal A T
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Baltzer
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vag
authors.forename: Aimee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: Mieczyslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gajda
authors.forename: Oumar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Camara
authors.forename: Werner A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018299:Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary / Q000473:pathology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA