title: Dietary antioxidant capacity is inversely associated with diabetes biomarkers: the ATTICA study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Elevated dietary antioxidant activity has been regarded as providing potential benefits to health. The present work aimed at evaluating the association of glycemic indices with total dietary antioxidant capacity in healthy adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ATTICA study consisted of men and women, randomly selected from all areas of Attica region in Greece. In this work, a random sub-sample from the ATTICA study's database was studied, consisting of 551 men (41 ± 11 years) and 467 women (38 ± 11 years), with complete nutritional and biochemical information. Dietary habits were evaluated using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. The dietary antioxidant capacity was based on published values for Italian foods measured by three different assays: ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Inverse, age-energy adjusted correlations were observed between FRAP and log-glucose (r = -0.149, p = 0.001), log-insulin (r = -0.221, p = 0.001) and log-HOMA-IR (r = -0.186, p = 0.001) concentration, as well as with TRAP and TEAC. After controlling for age, gender, body mass index, physical activity status, smoking habits and energy intake, multi-adjusted analysis confirmed the previous relationships only among participants who were not on the Mediterranean dietary pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although more prospective studies are required, the data presented support the view that dietary modification towards higher consumption of antioxidants should be implemented in public health strategies, in order to better control glycemic markers in individuals, and prevent the development of diabetes at the population level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Psaltopoulou
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Panagiotakos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pitsavos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chrysochoou
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Detopoulou
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skoumas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefanadis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011634:Public Health; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D007328:Insulin