title: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal syndrome: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To raise awareness among health care workers of the risk of withdrawal symptoms after longstanding and intense abuse of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 23 year old Caucasian woman presented with gamma-hydroxybutyric addiction and withdrawal syndrome. The symptoms of gamma-hydroxybutyric withdrawal in this patient initially went unrecognized, upon which her situation deteriorated in such a way that she needed to be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for airway protection and mechanical ventilation. Treatment with high doses of benzodiazepines led to liberation of the ventilator and further recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Withdrawal symptoms of gamma-hydroxybutyric addiction are often not well recognized and the responsible physicians at Emergency Department, Intensive Care Unit and the Psychiatry ward need better understanding of diagnose and treatment. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid withdrawal is potentially life threatening and its management may require a multidisciplinary approach. Early recognition of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid withdrawal may lead to better management of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, P.O. Box 888, 8901 BR Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam Hermes Critical Care Group, The Netherlands. mi.kuiper@wxs.nl
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kuiper
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peikert
authors.forename: E Christiaan
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Boerma