title: Quantifying migration and polarization of murine mesenchymal stem cells on different bone substitutes by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cell migration is preceded by cell polarization. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the geometry of different bone substitutes on cell morphology and chemical responses in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell polarization and migration were monitored temporally by using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to follow green fluorescent protein (GFP)±mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on anorganic cancellous bovine bone (Bio-Oss(®)), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) (chronOS(®)) and highly porous calcium phosphate ceramics (Friedrich-Baur-Research-Institute for Biomaterials, Germany). Differentiation GFP±MSCs was observed using pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic biomarkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the third day of culture polarized vs. non-polarized cellular sub-populations were clearly established. Biomaterials that showed more than 40% of polarized cells at the 3rd day of culture, subsequently showed an enhanced cell migration compared to biomaterials, where non-polarized cells predominated (p<0.003). This trend continued untill the 7th day of culture (p<0.003). The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was enhanced in biomaterials where cell polarization predominated at the 7th day of culture (p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model opens an interesting approach to understand osteoconductivity at a cellular level. MSCs are promising in bone tissue engineering considering the strong angiogenic effect before differentiation occurs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany. roldan.schack@gmx.de
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Roldán
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelantan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jazayeri
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Deisinger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Detsch
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Reichert
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gurtner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C077540:Bio-Oss; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D008903:Minerals; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate