title: Increased chromosomal radiosensitivity in women carrying BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations assessed with the G2 assay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several in vitro studies suggest that BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers present increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Different assays for the assessment of deoxyribonucleic acid double-strand break repair capacity have been used, but results are rather inconsistent. Given the concerns about the possible risks of breast screening with mammography in mutation carrier women and the potentially damaging effects of radiotherapy, the purpose of this study was to further investigate the radiosensitivity of this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The G2 chromosomal radiosensitivity assay was used to assess chromosomal breaks in lymphocyte cultures after exposure to 1 Gy. A group of familiar breast cancer patients carrying a mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene (n = 15) and a group of healthy mutation carriers (n = 5) were investigated and compared with a reference group of healthy women carrying no mutation (n = 21).
  
  
  RESULTS
  BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers had a significantly higher number of mean chromatid breaks per cell (p = 0.006) and a higher maximum number of breaks (p = 0.0001) as compared with their matched controls. Both healthy carriers and carriers with a cancer history were more radiosensitive than controls (p = 0.002 and p = 0.025, respectively). Age was not associated with increased radiosensitivity (p = 0.868).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers show enhanced radiosensitivity, presumably because of the involvement of the BRCA genes in deoxyribonucleic acid repair and cell cycle control mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Department, Metropolitan Hospital, Navarxou Nikodimou 25, 10558 Athens, Greece. eberoukas@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: Beroukas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ernestos
authors.forename: Pandis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nikolaos
authors.forename: Giannoukakos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koulis
authors.forename: Rizou
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eleni
authors.forename: Beroukas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Konstantinos
authors.forename: Giatromanolaki
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alexandra
authors.forename: Koukourakis
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Michael
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019457:Chromosome Breakage; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000235:genetics*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric