title: Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity.
abstract: Innate immunity provides the first line of defence against invading pathogens and provides important cues for the development of adaptive immunity. Type-2 immunity-responsible for protective immune responses to helminth parasites and the underlying cause of the pathogenesis of allergic asthma-consists of responses dominated by the cardinal type-2 cytokines interleukin (IL)4, IL5 and IL13 (ref. 5). T cells are an important source of these cytokines in adaptive immune responses, but the innate cell sources remain to be comprehensively determined. Here, through the use of novel Il13-eGFP reporter mice, we present the identification and functional characterization of a new innate type-2 immune effector leukocyte that we have named the nuocyte. Nuocytes expand in vivo in response to the type-2-inducing cytokines IL25 and IL33, and represent the predominant early source of IL13 during helminth infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. In the combined absence of IL25 and IL33 signalling, nuocytes fail to expand, resulting in a severe defect in worm expulsion that is rescued by the adoptive transfer of in vitro cultured wild-type, but not IL13-deficient, nuocytes. Thus, nuocytes represent a critically important innate effector cell in type-2 immunity.
authors.affiliation: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Neill
authors.forename: See Heng
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Agustin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bellosi
authors.forename: Robin J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: Theresa K A
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Langford
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bucks
authors.forename: Colleen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Padraic G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Fallon
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pannell
authors.forename: Helen E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Jolin
authors.forename: Andrew N J
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: McKenzie
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009559:Nippostrongylus / Q000276:immunology; D017206:Strongylida Infections / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018793:Interleukin-13; D020381:Interleukin-17; D007378:Interleukins; C442281:Mydgf protein, mouse