title: A case report of the second de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a patient with the first AML.
abstract: Secondary leukemia occurring after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rare. Secondary AML usually follows autologous and not allogeneic transplants. When a new leukemia develops in a patient successfully treated with an allogeneic HSCT, the possibility of a de novo or secondary leukemia from either the donor or recipient should be considered. We present a case initially diagnosed as de novo AML without a cytogenetic abnormality. The patient was successfully treated with an HLA-matched sibling allogeneic HSCT. However, more than six years later, AML developed again and was associated with new complex cytogenetic abnormalities. After a second HSCT, the patient has been followed without serious complications. Considering the allogeneic setting, the newly developed cytogenetic abnormalities, a relatively long latent period, and the good clinical course after the second allogeneic HSCT, this case might represent a second de novo AML following successful treatment of the first AML.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Sik
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hee-Je
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ki-Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.forename: Jong-Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Woo-Sung
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Chun-Choo
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous