title: Continuous versus intermittent infusion of furosemide in acute decompensated heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite advances in the treatment of chronic ambulatory heart failure, hospitalization rates for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) remain high. Although loop diuretics are used in nearly all patients with ADHF to relieve congestive symptoms, optimal dosing strategies remain poorly defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This was a prospective, randomized, parallel-group study comparing the effectiveness of continuous intravenous (cIV) with intermittent intravenous (iIV) infusion of furosemide in 56 patients with ADHF. The dose and duration of furosemide as well as concomitant medications to treat ADHF were determined by physician preference. The primary end point of the study was net urine output (nUOP)/24 hours. Safety measures including electrolyte loss and hemodynamic instability were also assessed. Twenty-six patients received cIV and 30 patients received iIV dosing. The mean nUOP/24 hours was 2098+/-1132 mL in patients receiving cIV versus 1575+/-1100 mL in the iIV group (P=.086). The cIV group had significantly greater total urine output (tUOP) with 3726+/-1121 mL/24 hours versus 2955+/-1267 mL/24 hours in the iIV group (P=.019) and tUOP/mg furosemide with 38.0+/-31.0 mL/mg versus 22.2+/-12.5 mL/mg (P=.021). Mean weight loss was not significantly different between the groups. The cIV group experienced a shorter length of hospital stay (6.9+/-3.7 versus 10.9+/-8.3 days, P=.006). There were no differences in safety measures between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cIV of furosemide was well tolerated and significantly more effective than iIV for tUOP. In addition, continuous infusion appears to provide more efficient diuresis.
authors.affiliation: Baptist Hospital, Saint Thomas Health Services, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nappi
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Ian B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Hollis
authors.forename: Jo E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: Adrian B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Van Bakel
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005665:Furosemide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D005665:Furosemide