title: Time-sampled versus continuous-time reporting for measuring incidence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accuracy of incidence estimates may be affected by biases that depend on frequency of approach to reporters and reporting window length. A time-sampling strategy enables infrequent approaches with short windows but has never been evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized crossover trial compared incidence estimates of work-related diseases using time-sampled versus continuous-time reporting. Physicians were randomly allocated either to report every month (12/12) in 2004 and for 1 randomly chosen month (1/12) in 2005, or to the reverse sequence. Numbers of new cases of work-related disease reported per reporter per month for 1/12 and 12/12 reporting periods were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response rates were high (87%). Withdrawal from the study was higher under 12/12 reporting. The rate ratio for 1/12 versus 12/12 reporting was 1.26 (95% confidence interval = 1.11-1.42). Rates declined gradually in the 12/12 groups over the year, consistent with reporting fatigue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased frequency of data collection may reduce incidence estimates.
authors.affiliation: Health Methodology Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. rmcnamee@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Roseanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McNamee
authors.forename: Yiqun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hussey
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agius
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012494:Sampling Studies; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology