title: Small intestinal mucosa expression of putative chaperone fls485.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maturation of enterocytes along the small intestinal crypt-villus axis is associated with significant changes in gene expression profiles. fls485 coding a putative chaperone protein has been recently suggested as a gene involved in this process. The aim of the present study was to analyze fls485 expression in human small intestinal mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  fls485 expression in purified normal or intestinal mucosa affected with celiac disease was investigated with a molecular approach including qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and expression strategies. Molecular data were corroborated with several in situ techniques and usage of newly synthesized mouse monoclonal antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  fls485 mRNA expression was preferentially found in enterocytes and chromaffine cells of human intestinal mucosa as well as in several cell lines including Rko, Lovo, and CaCo2 cells. Western blot analysis with our new anti-fls485 antibodies revealed at least two fls485 proteins. In a functional CaCo2 model, an increase in fls485 expression was paralleled by cellular maturation stage. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated fls485 as a cytosolic protein with a slightly increasing expression gradient along the crypt-villus axis which was impaired in celiac disease Marsh IIIa-c.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression and synthesis of fls485 are found in surface lining epithelia of normal human intestinal mucosa and deriving epithelial cell lines. An interdependence of enterocyte differentiation along the crypt-villus axis and fls485 chaperone activity might be possible.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reinartz
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ehling
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Ignacio G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tessmer
authors.forename: Hanswalter
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zentgraf
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lyer
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Köster
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raupach
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kämmerer
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klaus
authors.forename: Jens J W
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tischendorf
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kopitz
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gassler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002648:Child; D002838:Chromaffin System / Q000378:metabolism; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism*; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C550238:SSUH2 protein, human