title: Defects in oxygen supply to skeletal muscle of prediabetic ZDF rats.
abstract: In humans, prediabetes is characterized by marked increases in plasma insulin and near normal blood glucose levels as well as microvascular dysfunction of unknown origin. Using the extensor digitorum longus muscle of 7-wk inbred male Zucker diabetic fatty rats fed a high-fat diet as a model of prediabetes, we tested the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia contributes to impaired O(2) delivery in skeletal muscle. Using in vivo video microscopy, we determined that the total O(2) supply to capillaries in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of prediabetic rats was reduced to 64% of controls with a lower O(2) supply rate per capillary and higher O(2) extraction resulting in a decreased O(2) saturation at the venous end of the capillary network. These findings suggest a lower average tissue Po(2) in prediabetic animals. In addition, we determined that insulin, at concentrations measured in humans and Zucker diabetic fatty rats with prediabetes, inhibited the O(2)-dependent release of ATP from rat red blood cells (RBCs). This inability to release ATP could contribute to the impaired O(2) delivery observed in rats with prediabetes, especially in light of the finding that the endothelium-dependent relaxation of resistance arteries from these animals is not different from controls and is not altered by insulin. Computational modeling confirmed a significant 8.3-mmHg decrease in average tissue Po(2) as well as an increase in the heterogeneity of tissue Po(2), implicating a failure of a regulatory system for O(2) supply. The finding that insulin attenuates the O(2)-dependent release of ATP from RBCs suggests that this defect in RBC physiology could contribute to a failure in the regulation of O(2) supply to meet the demand in skeletal muscle in prediabetes.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medical Biophysics, Univ. of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada. chris.ellis@uwo.ca
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Madelyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Alan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milkovich
authors.forename: Amina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benlamri
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ellsworth
authors.forename: Randy S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sprague
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D010100:Oxygen