title: Pilot study on the effect of grounding on delayed-onset muscle soreness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether there are markers that can be used to study the effects of grounding on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight (8) healthy subjects were exposed to an eccentric exercise that caused DOMS in gastrocnemius muscles of both legs. Four (4) subjects were grounded with electrode patches and patented conductive sheets connected to the earth. Four (4) control subjects were treated identically, except that the grounding systems were not connected to the earth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complete blood counts, blood chemistry, enzyme chemistry, serum and saliva cortisols, magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy and pain levels were taken at the same time of day before the eccentric exercise and 24, 48, and 72 hours afterwards. Parameters consistently differing by 10% or more, normalized to baseline, were considered worthy of further study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parameters that differed by these criteria included white blood cell counts, bilirubin, creatine kinase, phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate ratios, glycerolphosphorylcholine, phosphorylcholine, the visual analogue pain scale, and pressure measurements on the right gastrocnemius.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a pilot study, grounding the body to the earth alters measures of immune system activity and pain. Since this is the first intervention that appears to speed recovery from DOMS, the pilot provides a basis for a larger study.
authors.affiliation: Human Physiology Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, Eugene, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Gaétan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chevalier
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004566:Electrodes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D052580:Muscle Stretching Exercises / Q000379:methods*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000097:blood; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055672:Static Electricity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010710:Phosphates; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D003402:Creatine Kinase