title: Do we need a universal 'code of ethics' in nuclear medicine?
abstract: Recent years have seen huge advances in medicine and the science of medicine. Nuclear medicine has been no exception and there has been rapid acceptance of new concepts, new technologies and newer ways of working. Ethical principles have been traditionally considered as generic skills applicable to wide groups of scientists and doctors, with only token refinement at specialty level. Specialist bodies across the world representing wide groups of practitioners frequently have subgroups dealing exclusively with ethical issues. It could easily be argued that the basic principles of ethical practice adopted by specialist bodies closest to nuclear medicine practice, such as radiology and oncology, will also be applicable to nuclear medicine and that time and effort need not be spent on specifying a separate code for nuclear medicine. It could also be argued that nuclear medicine is an independent specialty and some (if not most) practitioners will not be aware of the guidelines adopted by other specialist societies, and that there is a need for re-iteration of ethical principles at the specialty level and on a worldwide scale.In this article we would like to present a brief history of medical ethics, discuss some of the advances in nuclear medicine and their associated ethical aspects, as well as list a framework of principles for consideration, should a specialist body deem it suitable to establish a 'code of ethics' for nuclear medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Chandakacharla N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.forename: Sobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vinjamuri
mesh_terms: D032781:Codes of Ethics; D032984:Ethics, Research; D009683:Nuclear Medicine / Q000941:ethics*; D011871:Radiology / Q000941:ethics; D012958:Societies, Scientific / Q000941:ethics; D014481:United States