title: Glucose intolerance and cardiometabolic risk in adolescents exposed to maternal gestational diabetes: a 15-year follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adolescent offspring of women with a history of gestational diabetes (GD) were evaluated for their cardiometabolic risks at a mean age of 15 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-nine adolescents who were assessed for their cardiometabolic risks at 8 years of age were reassessed at 15 years of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescent offspring of mothers with GD had similar blood pressure, plasma lipid profile, and a rate of abnormal glucose tolerance as control subjects. In utero hyperinsulinemia was associated with a 17-fold increase in metabolic syndrome and a 10-fold increase in overweight at adolescence, independent of birth weight, Tanner stage, maternal GD status, and mother's BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In utero environment of hyperinsulinemia, irrespective of the degree of maternal GD, was associated with increased risk of overweight and metabolic syndrome during early adolescence in the offspring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR. tamwh@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Wing Hung
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Ronald Ching Wan
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xilin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Albert Martin
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gary Tin Choi
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Alice Pik Shan
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Terence Tzu Hsi
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Lao
authors.forename: Michael Ho Ming
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Christopher Wai Kei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Juliana Chung Ngor
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology