title: SIRT3 regulates mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation by reversible enzyme deacetylation.
abstract: Sirtuins are NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases. They mediate adaptive responses to a variety of stresses, including calorie restriction and metabolic stress. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is localized in the mitochondrial matrix, where it regulates the acetylation levels of metabolic enzymes, including acetyl coenzyme A synthetase 2 (refs 1, 2). Mice lacking both Sirt3 alleles appear phenotypically normal under basal conditions, but show marked hyperacetylation of several mitochondrial proteins. Here we report that SIRT3 expression is upregulated during fasting in liver and brown adipose tissues. During fasting, livers from mice lacking SIRT3 had higher levels of fatty-acid oxidation intermediate products and triglycerides, associated with decreased levels of fatty-acid oxidation, compared to livers from wild-type mice. Mass spectrometry of mitochondrial proteins shows that long-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCAD) is hyperacetylated at lysine 42 in the absence of SIRT3. LCAD is deacetylated in wild-type mice under fasted conditions and by SIRT3 in vitro and in vivo; and hyperacetylation of LCAD reduces its enzymatic activity. Mice lacking SIRT3 exhibit hallmarks of fatty-acid oxidation disorders during fasting, including reduced ATP levels and intolerance to cold exposure. These findings identify acetylation as a novel regulatory mechanism for mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation and demonstrate that SIRT3 modulates mitochondrial intermediary metabolism and fatty-acid use during fasting.
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hirschey
authors.forename: Tadahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimazu
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goetzman
authors.forename: Enxuan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Bjoern
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwer
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Lombard
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Grueter
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biddinger
authors.forename: Olga R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Ilkayeva
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Asish K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: Neil B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Ruderman
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Newgard
authors.forename: Robert V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Farese
authors.forename: Frederick W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Alt
authors.forename: C Ronald
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verdin
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D044942:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005215:Fasting / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D056566:Sirtuin 3 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; C525046:Sirt3 protein, mouse; D014280:Triglycerides; C116917:acylcarnitine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D044942:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain; D056566:Sirtuin 3; D002331:Carnitine