title: Anthraquinones from the roots of Knoxia valerianoides inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products and rat lens aldose reductase in vitro.
abstract: Eight known compounds, lucidin (1), lucidin-omega-methyl ether (2), rubiadin (3), damnacanthol (4), 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methoxymethylanthraquinone (5), 3,6-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (6), 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-9,10-anthraquinone 3-O-beta-primeveroside (7), and vanillic acid (8), were isolated from EtOAc- and n-BuOH-soluble fractions of the roots of Knoxia valerianoides. The structures of 1-8 were identified by analysis of spectroscopic data as well as by comparison with published values. All the isolates were subjected to in vitro bioassays to evaluate advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation and rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) inhibitory activity. Compound 5 showed the most potent inhibitory activity (IC(50) = 52.72 microM) against AGEs formation. Compounds 1, 2, and 8 also showed potent inhibitory activity on AGEs formation with IC(50) values of 79.28, 62.79, and 93.93 microM, respectively, compared with positive control, aminoguanidine (IC(50) = 962 microM). While, compounds 1 and 5-7 showed strong inhibitory activity against RLAR with IC(50) values of 3.35, 3.04, 6.39, and 2.05 microM, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Diabetic Complications Research Center, Division of Traditional Korean Medicine Integrated Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
authors.forename: Nam Hee
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Dae Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Yun Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Il Ha
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Jung-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Joo-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019666:Rubiaceae; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase