title: Effects of repeated manual disassembly and reassembly on the positional stability of various implant-abutment complexes: an experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate rotational, vertical, and canting changes in the position of the rotation-safe component in the implant-abutment assemblies of five different implant systems (ITI, Steri-Oss, Camlog, Astra Tech, and Replace Select) after manual removal and reassembly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prefabricated stainless steel models were used for each implant system, into which six implants were fixated with polymethylmethacrylate resin. Rotation-safe abutments (components) were screwed into the implants according to the manufacturers' specifications. Three test persons with varying knowledge of the theory and practice of implant dentistry manually assembled and reassembled the implant-abutment joint using each system-specific screwdriver 20 times each. A coordinate reading machine was used to detect discrepancies in position after each reassembly in relation to a coordinate system. Rotational freedom, changes in vertical height, and deviations in angulation were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed based on the nonparametric analysis of variance of repeated measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tested complexes showed rotational freedom that ranged from 0.92 to 4.92 degrees, with significant differences between the systems. Camlog was significantly different from all other systems tested regarding rotational freedom, whereas Steri-Oss, Astra Tech, and Replace Select showed no significant difference between each other because of their nondiscrepant mean degree of rotational freedom. Vertical alterations in position ranged from 1 to 83 microm. A statistically significant difference was detected between butt-joint and beveled implant-abutment connections, with ITI and Astra Tech showing no significant difference when compared to each other, but displaying a significant difference versus all other systems tested. Canting discrepancies were not significant, with no influence of implant system or test person clearly detectable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional changes in the location of the abutment in relation to the implant result after manual assembly and reassembly of the implant-abutment complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charite-Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Wiebke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Semper
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heberer
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mehrhof
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schink
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000044:Dental Abutments; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D012399:Rotation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants