title: Top-down and bottom-up modulation in processing bimodal face/voice stimuli.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Processing of multimodal information is a critical capacity of the human brain, with classic studies showing bimodal stimulation either facilitating or interfering in perceptual processing. Comparing activity to congruent and incongruent bimodal stimuli can reveal sensory dominance in particular cognitive tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated audiovisual interactions driven by stimulus properties (bottom-up influences) or by task (top-down influences) on congruent and incongruent simultaneously presented faces and voices while ERPs were recorded. Subjects performed gender categorisation, directing attention either to faces or to voices and also judged whether the face/voice stimuli were congruent in terms of gender. Behaviourally, the unattended modality affected processing in the attended modality: the disruption was greater for attended voices. ERPs revealed top-down modulations of early brain processing (30-100 ms) over unisensory cortices. No effects were found on N170 or VPP, but from 180-230 ms larger right frontal activity was seen for incongruent than congruent stimuli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrates that in a gender categorisation task the processing of faces dominate over the processing of voices. Brain activity showed different modulation by top-down and bottom-up information. Top-down influences modulated early brain activity whereas bottom-up interactions occurred relatively late.
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, Centre de recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Toulouse, France. marianne@psy.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Latinus
authors.forename: Rufin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: VanRullen
authors.forename: Margot J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013997:Time Factors; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014831:Voice; D055815:Young Adult