title: Brain abscess in children - epidemiology, predisposing factors and management in the modern medicine era.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brain abscess is rare in children. Predisposing factors are found in almost 85% of cases. Overall, 25% of brain abscesses develop in children, mostly in the 4-7 years age group. Our study aimed to characterize children with brain abscesses treated in our hospital, identify risk factors, pathogens and short-term outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort of 20 years period, (1989-2009) included 27 children (0-18 years). Medical records were analysed for age, gender, presenting symptoms and signs, predisposing factors, laboratory tests, imaging, microbiology results, treatment and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all the children, 63% (17/27) were male patients; mean age was 7.9 years and 52% were referred from other hospitals. Predisposing factors were identified in 81%, congenital heart disease and otitis were rare and sinusitis was found in 22% of the children. Main symptoms and signs included headaches, fever, neurological signs convulsions, (41%, 81%, 78% and 41% respectively). In 30% of cases, cultures were sterile. All patients were operated in addition to antibiotic treatment. Outcome was good with low mortality rate (3.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Manifestations of brain abscess may be subtle. A high index of suspicion and early imaging are warranted, different predisposing factors may reflect early intervention for congenital heart diseases. Mortality is rare in the modern medicine era.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. y_shahor@rambam.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shachor-Meyouhas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bar-Joseph
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Guilburd
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lorber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadash
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kassis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001922:Brain Abscess / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome