title: [Nine-month observation of effects of SO2 on the respiratory system in child Miyakejima citizens].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mt. Oyama on Miyakejima Island erupted in June 2000 and all Miyake village citizens were forced to evacuate the island in the September, due to continuous eruptions and emission of unsafe amounts of volcanic gas, mainly sulfur dioxide (SO2). Beginning in February 2005, residents returned to live on the island despite the fact that volcanic gas was still being emitted.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine changes in the respiratory systems of included children from February 2006 to November 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population was 141 children who participated in health checkups in November 2006, including 33 SO2 hypersusceptible children who had a current or past history of asthma, obstructive lung function, current symptoms of whistling and wheezing, and/or deterioration of respiratory symptoms. Respiratory effects were evaluated by a questionnaire for respiratory symptoms and by spirometry. SO2 was monitored at 7 sampling points within inhabited areas, and the mean SO2 concentration from February 2005 to November 2006 was 0.031 ppm. The area was categorized into four areas by average SO2 concentration, namely, areas L, H-1, H-2, and H-3, where the average SO2 levels were 0.019, 0.026, 0.032, and 0.045 ppm, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to children in area L, the frequencies of "phlegm" and "irritation of the nose" were significantly greater in the children in areas H-2 and H-3. %FVC and %FEV1 in hypersusceptible children were significantly reduced in November 2006 as compared to February 2006 (P = 0.047, 0.027), though no reduction observed in normosusceptible children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respiratory functions in hypersusceptible Miyakejima children may be affected by SO2 exposure, and further follow-up observation is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwasawa
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Michikawa
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.forename: Tazuru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Takamoto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milojevic
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omae
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects*; D013147:Spirometry; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014041:Tokyo; D018707:Volcanic Eruptions / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide