title: Middle Eastern rhinoplasty.
abstract: The ethnic appearance of the Middle Eastern nose is defined by several unique visual features, particularly a high radix, wide overprojecting dorsum, and an amorphous hanging nasal tip. These external characteristics reflect distinct structural properties of the osseo-cartilaginous nasal framework and skin-soft tissue envelope in patients of Middle Eastern extraction. The goal, and the ultimate challenge, of rhinoplasty on Middle Eastern patients is to achieve balanced aesthetic refinement, while avoiding surgical westernization. Detailed understanding of the ethnic visual harmony in a Middle Eastern nose greatly assists in preserving native nasal-facial relationships during rhinoplasty on Middle Eastern patients. Esthetic alteration of a Middle Eastern nose follows a different set of goals and principles compared with rhinoplasties on white or other ethnic patients. This article highlights the inherent nasal features of the Middle Eastern nose and reviews pertinent concepts of rhinoplasty on Middle Eastern patients. Essential considerations in the process spanning the consultation and surgery are reviewed. Reliable operative techniques that achieve a successful aesthetic outcome are discussed in detail.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Facial & Nasal Plastic Surgery, Beverly Hills, CA 90211, USA. md@facialplastics.info
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Azizzadeh
authors.forename: Grigoriy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mashkevich
mesh_terms: D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D004954:Esthetics; D006801:Humans; D008877:Middle East; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D044469:Racial Groups; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*