title: Porencephaly and psychosis: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malformations of the cerebral cortex are often associated with developmental delay and psychoses. Porencephaly is a rare congenital disorder of central nervous system involving a cyst or a cavity filled with cerebrospinal fluid, in brain's parenchyma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a 25 years old woman with her first psychotic episode. She also suffers from porencephaly in the frontotemporal lobes region. It is emphasized that the two consistently abnormal brain regions in schizophrenia research had significant damage in this patient since birth. There is a total of only five cases of schizencephaly or porencephaly associated with psychosis in the scientific literature. Their clinical characteristics as well as the imaging results are described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is unclear if porencephaly and psychosis concur by chance or are causally related. The area where the porencephalic cysts appear seems to be of relevance. This case highlights the need for further research.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon General Hospital, 1 Rimini st Athens 12462, Greece. thandouz@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: Athanassios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Douzenis
authors.forename: Emmanouil N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Rizos
authors.forename: Athanasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papadopoulou
authors.forename: Matilda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papathanasiou
authors.forename: Lefteris
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lykouras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020863:Central Nervous System Cysts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D054220:Malformations of Cortical Development / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011859:Radiography; D012563:Schizophrenia, Paranoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology