title: The effects of practice distribution upon the regional oscillatory activity in visuomotor learning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a massed compared to a distributed practice upon visuomotor learning as well as upon the regional oscillatory activity in the sensorimotor cortex.
  
  
  METHODS
  A continuous visuomotor tracking task was used to assess visuomotor learning; the underlying neuronal correlates were measured by means of EEG. The massed practice group completed a continuous training of 60 minutes, while the distributed practice group completed four 15 minutes practice blocks separated by rest intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While the massed and the distributed practice group did not differ in performance, effects of practice distribution were evident in the regional oscillatory activity. In the course of practice, the massed training group showed a higher task-related theta power and a strong task-related power decrease in the upper alpha frequency over the sensorimotor cortex compared to the distributed practice group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These differences in the regional oscillatory activity indicate a higher cognitive effort and higher attention demands in the massed practice group. The results of this study support the hypothesis, that a distributed practice is superior to a massed practice in visuomotor learning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychology, Psychological Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. bs410@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Studer
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koeneke
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jäncke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000513:Alpha Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D013826:Theta Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult