title: Favorable effect of 4-phenylacetate on liver functions attributable to enhanced bile salt export pump expression in ornithine transcarbamylase-deficient children.
abstract: 4-Phenylbutyrate (4-PB) acting against hyperammonemia has been administered to patients with urea cycle defects. Results of our recent experiments using animals and cultured cells strongly suggest that this agent enhances the function of bile salt export pump/ATP binding cassette B11 (BSEP/ABCB11) promoting bile acid excretion from hepatocytes to bile canaliculi, although it has not been confirmed in humans. Considering that 4-PB is converted easily into 4-phenylacetate (4-PA) in the liver, such an effect of 4-PB might occur through 4-PA. We performed retrospective analyzes of the effects of 4-PA on the liver functions of three ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC)-deficient female children receiving 4-PA. Two of the three received intravenous administration of 4-PA only at episodic periods of hyperammonemia; the remaining one received it orally at intercurrent periods. Soon after 4-PA administration, the serum total bile acid level was decreased to one-half or one-third of pre-treatment levels, but it returned to the basal levels within one month after 4-PA discontinuation. Other serum parameters for cholestasis such as gamma-glutamyl transferase also decreased markedly. Concomitantly, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate amino transferase levels decreased significantly. Western blot analyzes of the liver samples revealed that the 4-PA administration enhanced BSEP/ABCB11 protein expressions in the membranous fraction of liver cells, although the liver BSEP/ABCB11 messenger RNA level remained unchanged. These results suggest that 4-PA enhanced liver BSEP/ABCB11 function and thereby improved liver functions in OTC-deficient children. For treatment of liver disorders requiring enhancement of BSEP function, 4-PA might be a candidate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Midori-ku, Chiba, Japan. nagasa-hirono@k2.dion.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagasaka
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yorifuji
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takikawa
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Ayano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.forename: Tomoo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miida
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
authors.forename: Tomozumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takatani
authors.forename: Hisamitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000074020:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000293:Adolescent; D001120:Arginine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D022124:Hyperammonemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D020163:Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020160:Sodium Benzoate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
chemical_list: D000074020:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D001120:Arginine; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D010648:Phenylacetates; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D020160:Sodium Benzoate; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated; C093491:ABCB11 protein, human; C111067:ATP8B1 protein, human; C025136:phenylacetic acid