title: Developing a service for biologic therapies: a personal experience.
abstract: Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) has been identified in the pathogenesis of synovitis and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Therefore selected targeting of pathogenic elements of disease is possible (Chu et al., 1991). TNFalpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine (mediator) and the over-expression of mediators is considered to be responsible for the damage to articular cartilage in bones. Elevated levels of TNFalpha, correlating with disease activity, have been measured in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatic diseases and are therefore an ideal target for therapy (Mangge et al., 1995; Cope et al., 1992). The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) approved the use of two therapies; entanercept (Enbrel) and infliximab (Remicade) for use in patients with active RA in 2002 (NICE, 2002). Other biologic treatments including adalimumab (D2E7) and anakinra (Kineret) will also be available for use in the future. This paper explores the development of a service to provide these therapies to patients.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Research Department, Norfolk and Norwich Health Care Trust, Brunswick Road, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Somerville
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D001691:Biological Therapy; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D000068800:Etanercept; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D000069285:Infliximab; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068879:Adalimumab; D000068800:Etanercept