title: Baseline correction of phase-contrast images in congenital cardiovascular magnetic resonance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One potential source of error in phase contrast (PC) congenital CMR flow measurements is caused by phase offsets due to local non-compensated eddy currents. Phantom correction of these phase offset errors has been shown to result in more accurate measurements of blood flow in adults with structurally normal hearts. We report the effect of phantom correction on PC flow measurements at a clinical congenital CMR program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow was measured in the ascending aorta, main pulmonary artery, and right and left pulmonary arteries as clinically indicated, and additional values such as Qp/Qs were derived from these measurements. Phantom correction in our study population of 149 patients resulted in clinically significant changes in 13% to 48% of these phase-contrast measurements in patients with known or suspected heart disease. Overall, 640 measurements or calculated values were analyzed, and clinically significant changes were found in 31%. Larger vessels were associated with greater phase offset errors, with 22% of the changes in PC flow measurements attributed to the size of the vessel measured. In patients with structurally normal hearts, the pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio after phantom correction was closer to 1.0 than before phantom correction. There was no significant difference in the effect of phantom correction for patients with tetralogy of Fallot as compared to the group as a whole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phantom correction often resulted in clinically significant changes in PC blood flow measurements in patients with known or suspected congenital heart disease. In laboratories performing clinical CMR with suspected phase offset errors of significance, the routine use of phantom correction for PC flow measurements should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York Presbyterian, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Beth F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Printz
authors.forename: Wyman W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016477:Artifacts; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016014:Linear Models; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media