title: Cancer risk in DES daughters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined long-term risk of cancer in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12,091 DES-exposed women in the Netherlands were followed prospectively from December 1992 till June 2008. Cancer incidence was assessed through linkage with the Dutch pathology database (PALGA) and the Netherlands Cancer Registry and compared with the Dutch female population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 348 medically verified cancers occurred; median age at end of follow-up was 44.0 years. No overall increased risk of cancer was found (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91, 1.13). The risk of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix (CCA) was statistically significantly increased (SIR = 24.23; 95% CI = 8.89, 52.74); the elevated risk persisted above 40 years of age. The risk of melanoma diagnosed before age 40 was increased (SIR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.08, 2.26). No excess risks were found for other sites, including breast cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Except for an elevated risk of CCA, persisting at older ages, and an increased risk of melanoma at young ages, we found no increased risk of cancer. Longer follow-up is warranted to examine cancer risk at ages when cancer occurs more frequently.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Janneke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verloop
authors.forename: Flora E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Theo J M
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Helmerhorst
authors.forename: Hester H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: van Boven
authors.forename: Matti A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rookus
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009679:Nuclear Family; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol