title: Relation of coffee consumption and serum liver enzymes in Japanese men and women with reference to effect modification of alcohol use and body mass index.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have shown that coffee consumption is inversely related to serum levels of liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), but few have addressed the relation in women and effect modifications of alcohol use and obesity. We examined the association of coffee and green tea consumption with serum activities of liver enzymes in free-living Japanese men and women, focusing on sex difference and effect modifications of alcohol and obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were derived from the baseline survey of the Kyushu University Fukuoka Cohort Study, and included 12,020 Japanese men and women aged 49-76 years who were free of chronic liver diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an inverse association between coffee consumption and elevated ALT in men, and the association between the two was weaker in women. In the analyses stratified by aminotransferases category, inverse associations of coffee consumption with serum activities of liver enzymes were observed in both men and women within the whole range and among those with aminotransferases within the reference range (ALT/AST <or=40 IU/L for men and ALT/AST <or=30 IU/L for women). Inverse associations of coffee with liver enzymes were more evident in those with high alcohol consumption and in those with low body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coffee drinking probably confers protection against alcohol-related increase in liver enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. miz1976@phealth.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mizuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Hisaya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawate
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnaka
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.forename: Suminori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kono
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood*; D044466:Asian People; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003069:Coffee; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase