title: Fangchinoline induced G1/S arrest by modulating expression of p27, PCNA, and cyclin D in human prostate carcinoma cancer PC3 cells and tumor xenograft.
abstract: Prostate cancer (PCA) is the most common invasive malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in males. The present study investigated the effects of fangchinoline (Fan), an important compound in Stephania Tetradra S. Moore (Fenfangji) with pain-relieving, blood pressure-depressing, and antibiotic activities, on human PCA. It was found that Fan inhibited human prostate cancer cell lines (PC3) cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Studies of cell-cycle progression showed that the anti-proliferative effect of Fan was associated with an increase in the G1/S phase of PC3 cells. Western blot results indicated that Fan-induced G1/S phase arrest was mediated through inhibition of cyclin-regulated signaling pathways. Fan induced p27 expression and inhibited cyclin D and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in PC3 cells. Increased exposure time to Fan caused apoptosis of PC3 cells, which was associated with up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase 3, and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Furthermore, Fan had anti-tumorigenic activity in vivo, including reduction of tumor volume and pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in a PC3 nude mouse xenograft. Taking all this together, it can be concluded that Fan is an effective anti-proliferative agent that modulates cell growth regulators in prostate cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: China-UK HUST-RRes Genetic Engineering and Genomics Joint Laboratory, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Chang-Dong
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shi-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Jun-Li
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yue-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guang-Xiao
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Guang-Yuan
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D044182:Benzylisoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D056741:Cyclin D / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 / Q000378:metabolism; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016196:S Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D044182:Benzylisoquinolines; D056741:Cyclin D; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; C060802:fangchinoline; D053148:Caspase 3