title: Pneumococcal infection and hemolytic uremic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemolytic uremic syndrome, one of the common causes of acute renal failure in children, is characterized by the triad of microangiopathy, haemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. The diarrhoea-associated Hemolytic uremic syndrome is usually termed as a typical Hemolytic uremic syndrome. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an uncommon etiological pathogen for inducing Hemolytic uremic syndrome, and Streptococcus pneumoniae associated Hemolytic uremic syndrome is also termed as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to report two pediatric cases of invasive S pneumoniae complicated with hemolytic uremic syndrome HUS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first patient presented with pneumococcal pneumonia and empyema and the second patient presented with pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis. The two patients were under one year of age and required peritoneal dialysis with improvement of renal function in one; the other died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pneumococcal invasive disease may be a cause of severe HUS, so a high index of suspicion is mandatory to prompt appropriate diagnosis and management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics B of the Children s Hospital of Tunis Department of Pediatrics, Monji Slim Hospital, Tunis.
authors.forename: Faten
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tinsa
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siala
authors.forename: Nesrine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ncibi
authors.forename: Ilhem
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fetni
authors.forename: Kalthoum
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasdalli
authors.forename: Najla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ben Jballah
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehrezi
mesh_terms: D016724:Empyema, Pleural / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006463:Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis