title: Aberrant microRNA expression in the brains of neurodegenerative diseases: miR-29a decreased in Alzheimer disease brains targets neurone navigator 3.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate translational repression of target mRNAs. Accumulating evidence indicates that various miRNAs, expressed in a spatially and temporally controlled that manner in the brain plays a key role in neuronal development. However, at present, the pathological implication of aberrant miRNA expression in neurodegenerative events remains largely unknown. To identify miRNAs closely associated with neurodegeneration, we performed miRNA expression profiling of brain tissues of various neurodegenerative diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We initially studied the frontal cortex derived from three amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients by using a microarray of 723 human miRNAs. This was followed by enlargement of study population with quantitative RT-PCR analysis (n = 21).
  
  
  RESULTS
  By microarray analysis, we identified up-regulation of miR-29a, miR-29b and miR-338-3p in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis brains, but due to a great interindividual variation, we could not validate these results by quantitative RT-PCR. However, we found significant down-regulation of miR-29a in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains. The database search on TargetScan, PicTar and miRBase Target identified neurone navigator 3 (NAV3), a regulator of axon guidance, as a principal target of miR-29a, and actually NAV3 mRNA levels were elevated in AD brains. MiR-29a-mediated down-regulation of NAV3 was verified by the luciferase reporter assay. By immunohistochemistry, NAV3 expression was most evidently enhanced in degenerating pyramidal neurones in the cerebral cortex of AD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest the hypothesis that underexpression of miR-29a affects neurodegenerative processes by enhancing neuronal NAV3 expression in AD brains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shioya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Obayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tabunoki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Satoh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C532045:MIRN29a microRNA, human; C532050:MIRN338 microRNA, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; C464453:NAV3 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger