title: Frequent silencing of protocadherin 17, a candidate tumour suppressor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: Protocadherins are a subfamily of the cadherin superfamily, but little is known about their functions. We identified a homozygous loss of protocadherin (PCDH) 17 in the course of a program to screen a panel of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines for genomic copy number aberrations. PCDH17 messenger RNA was expressed in normal esophageal tissue but not in the majority of ESCC cell lines without a homozygous deletion of this gene and restored in gene-silenced ESCC cells after treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. The DNA methylation status of the PCDH17 CpG island correlated inversely with the PCDH17 expression, and a putative methylation target region showed promoter activity. The methylation of the PCDH17 promoter was also associated with the silencing of gene expression in primary ESCC partly. Among primary ESCC cases, the silencing of PCDH17 protein expression was associated with a poorer differentiation status of ESCC cells and possibly with prognosis in a subset of this tumour. Restoration of PCDH17 expression in ESCC cells reduced cell proliferation and migration/invasion. These results suggest that silencing of PCDH17 expression through hypermethylation of the promoter or other mechanisms leads to loss of its tumour-suppressive activity, which may be a factor in the carcinogenesis of a subgroup of ESCCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haruki
authors.forename: Issei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Imoto
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kozaki
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawachi
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Tatsuyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Johji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inazawa
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D020868:Gene Silencing; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; C529349:PCDH17 protein, human