title: Safer pharmacy practice: a preliminary study of significant event analysis and peer feedback.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of significant event analyses (SEAs) undertaken by pharmacists as judged by a new system of independent peer feedback.
  
  
  METHODS
  The setting was a convenience sample of 37 pharmacists working in community pharmacy, secondary care and academic settings in NHS Scotland. Preliminary study involved the content analysis of pharmacists' SEAs and written feedback reports, which were generated by pharmacists trained in using a validated instrument to facilitate peer feedback. The content of reports and feedback letters were systematically coded and categorised by identifying and quantifying key words and phrases. Data collected included the range and severity of significant events identified; the reported reasons for the events occurring; types of learning needs identified; action(s) taken; and learning issues raised by peer feedback.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 37 pharmacists submitted 43 SEA reports during the study period. All events submitted were classified as having a negative impact on the quality and safety of patient care. Most events related to prescribing, dispensing, administration, communication and patient-/relative-centred issues. Patients reportedly came to harm in 13% of cases. Sixty-three per cent of reported learning needs related to personal awareness/responsibilities when undertaking work tasks, and 58% of implemented change involved amending existing protocols or introducing new procedures. Seventy per cent of SEAs were judged to be 'satisfactory' by the peer reviewers. The effectiveness of change implementation and providing a clear description of an event were highlighted as key issues which required improvement in those event analyses judged to be 'unsatisfactory'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings demonstrate that most pharmacists in this study were able to apply SEA in a satisfactory manner by demonstrating reflective learning, undertaking insightful analyses and implementing necessary change. SEA and peer feedback may have a potential role to play in enhancing the quality and safety of pharmacy practices.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Medicine, NHS Education for Scotland, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Ailsa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Power
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hesselgreaves
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bowie
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010379:Peer Group; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D012606:Scotland