title: Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic 4F alters the function of human monocyte-derived macrophages.
abstract: HDL and its major protein component apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) exert anti-inflammatory effects, inhibit monocyte chemotaxis/adhesion, and reduce vascular macrophage content in inflammatory conditions. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the apoA-I mimetic 4F modulates the function of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) by regulating the expression of key cell surface receptors on MDMs. Primary human monocytes and THP-1 cells were treated with 4F, apoA-I, or vehicle for 7 days and analyzed for expression of cell surface markers, adhesion to human endothelial cells, phagocytic function, cholesterol efflux capacity, and lipid raft organization. 4F and apoA-I treatment decreased the expression of HLA-DR, CD86, CD11b, CD11c, CD14, and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) compared with control cells, suggesting the induction of monocyte differentiation. Both treatments abolished LPS-induced mRNA for monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1), regulated on activation, normal T-expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES), IL-6, and TNF-alpha but significantly upregulated LPS-induced IL-10 expression. Moreover, 4F and apoA-I induced a 90% reduction in the expression of CD49d, a ligand for the VCAM-1 receptor, with a concurrent decrease in monocyte adhesion (55% reduction) to human endothelial cells and transendothelial migration (34 and 27% for 4F and apoA-I treatments) compared with vehicle treatment. In addition, phagocytosis of dextran-FITC beads was inhibited by 4F and apoA-I, a response associated with reduced expression of CD32. Finally, 4F and apoA-I stimulated cholesterol efflux from MDMs, leading to cholesterol depletion and disruption of lipid rafts. These data provide evidence that 4F, similar to apoA-I, induces profound functional changes in MDMs, possibly due to differentiation to an anti-inflammatory phenotype.
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Lesley E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Smythies
authors.forename: C Roger
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Akhil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maheshwari
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Palgunachari
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Anantharamaiah
authors.forename: Manjula
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaddha
authors.forename: Ashish R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kurundkar
authors.forename: Geeta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Datta
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D036904:Leukocyte Rolling / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015703:Antigens, CD; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; C465468:D-4F peptide; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002784:Cholesterol