title: Open versus prone retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy in children: a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the outcomes of open (OPN) and prone retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy (PRPN) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical and radiological records of all children undergoing OPN and PRPN over a 6-year period (2002-2008) were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine (11 boys/28 girls) partial nephrectomies were performed in a single institution. There were 24 OPNs (15 upper, 9 lower) and 15 PRPNs (13 upper, 2 lower) with a median age at surgery of 2.3 years and 3.4 years, respectively. Median duration of surgery was 50 min (range 30-180) for the OPN and 150 min (range 70-205) for the PRPN (P < 0.001). Median postoperative hospital stay was 4 days (range 2-7) for the OPN and 2 days (range 1-5) for the PRPN (P < 0.001). One patient in the OPN underwent a total nephrectomy with a loss of the remaining moiety. In 20 (87%) patients of the OPN group an epidural infusion was administered and four required a morphine infusion, while only five patients in the PRPN group required a morphine infusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open partial nephrectomy had a significantly shorter operative time, but it was associated with a longer postoperative stay and higher analgesia requirements when compared to PRPN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow G3 8SJ, Scotland, UK. salvatore.cascio@ggc.scot.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cascio
authors.forename: Jake
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winning
authors.forename: Martyn E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Flett
authors.forename: Alasdair H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Fyfe
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Toole
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016684:Prone Position; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine