title: Depersonalization in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, first-degree relatives and normal controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depersonalization occurs in healthy individuals and across a broad range of psychiatric patients. Data on depersonalization in persons linked to patients through genetics, environment or education are scarce. Due to their higher risk of developing psychosis, first-degree healthy relatives might show differences with the general population. This study examines depersonalization in patients with schizophrenia or schizophrenia spectrum disorders, their first-degree healthy relatives and normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Cambridge Depersonalization Scale was used to measure depersonalization in a sample of 147 clinically stable patients with schizophrenia or schizophrenia spectrum disorders, 73 first-degree relatives with no psychiatric history and 172 healthy controls. Mixed effect models were used to account for both the familial structure of the data and the effect of sociodemographic characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients obtained higher scores than relatives and controls for frequency and duration of depersonalization experiences, number of items responded positively and total depersonalization, while first-degree relatives obtained lower scores than patients and controls for all these characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First-degree relatives of patients reported fewer episodes of depersonalization, which were less intense and of shorter duration, than healthy controls. This finding might be related to a protection mechanism that keeps first-degree relatives away from near-psychotic experiences. The nature of such a mechanism remains to be discovered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Basque Country University, Leioa, Spain. miguelangel.gonzaleztorres@osakidetza.net
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Torres
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Inchausti
authors.forename: Maialen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aristegui
authors.forename: Berta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ibañez
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diez
authors.forename: Aranzazu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Rivas
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bustamante
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haidar
authors.forename: Maier
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Zabaleta
authors.forename: Argiñe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mingo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003861:Depersonalization / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires