title: Anatomical changes of phrenic motoneurons during development.
abstract: Although the phrenic motoneurons are relatively well-developed at the time of birth as compared to non-respiratory motoneurons, they show distinct anatomical changes during postnatal development. In the present review we summarize anatomical changes of phrenic motoneurons during pre- and postnatal development. Cell bodies of phrenic motoneurons migrate into the ventromedial region of the ventral horn of C3-C6 by E13-E14 in the rat. During development the sizes and surface areas of phrenic motoneurons are increased with changes in dendritic morphology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Keio University Tsukigase Rehabilitation Center, Shizuoka, Japan. yasumasaokada@1979.jukuin.keio.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Shigefumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinozaki
authors.forename: Fumikazu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miwakeichi
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oku
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development*