title: Students' health-related quality of life across the preclinical pharmacy curriculum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine health related quality of life (HRQOL), perceived stress, and coping skills in the 3 preclinical years of a doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) curriculum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health-related quality of life, perceived stress, and coping strategies were measured using the Short Form-36, Perceived Stress Scale, and Brief COPE. Average annual scores were compared across curriculum years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred thirteen students enrolled in the study. Entering students had physical and mental HRQOL scores that were similar to age-adjusted US norms. Mental HRQOL scores were significantly lower and stress significantly higher during the second year of the PharmD curriculum compared to the first year (p < 0.05). Lower mental HRQOL scores were associated with increased stress and use of maladaptive coping skills in all years of the curriculum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased stress and reduced mental HRQOL were observed across the first 3 years of a PharmD curriculum. Methods to reduce stress and/or use of maladaptive coping skills are needed to improve students' HRQOL throughout the pharmacy curriculum.
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California of San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0714, USA. janhirsch@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Jan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Ai Hang
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hollenbach
authors.forename: Anthony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Manoguerra
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Adler
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D002140:California; D003479:Curriculum; D004512:Education, Pharmacy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception; D011788:Quality of Life; D012580:Schools, Pharmacy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013339:Students, Pharmacy / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult