title: Artemisinin resistance: current status and scenarios for containment.
abstract: Artemisinin combination therapies are the first-line treatments for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in most malaria-endemic countries. Recently, partial artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum malaria has emerged on the Cambodia-Thailand border. Exposure of the parasite population to artemisinin monotherapies in subtherapeutic doses for over 30 years, and the availability of substandard artemisinins, have probably been the main driving force in the selection of the resistant phenotype in the region. A multifaceted containment programme has recently been launched, including early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, decreasing drug pressure, optimising vector control, targeting the mobile population, strengthening management and surveillance systems, and operational research. Mathematical modelling can be a useful tool to evaluate possible strategies for containment.
authors.affiliation: Mahidol Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok10400, Thailand. arjen@tropmedres.ac
authors.forename: Arjen M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dondorp
authors.forename: Shunmay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Chea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nguon
authors.forename: Nicholas P J
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Duong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Socheat
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: von Seidlein
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002160:Cambodia; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; C031327:artemisinin