title: Oral glucose tolerance testing in children with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cystic fibrosis (CF) related diabetes is the most common comorbidity in persons with CF. International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines recommend annual oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) screening starting at age 10. The OGTT might be recommended in younger children if, as in adults, it provided clinically relevant prognostic information. A database review was performed to determine whether OGTT findings in children with CF predict subsequent clinical course.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective matched-pair cohort study was based on OGTTs performed during 1998-2003. Children aged 6-9 were classified as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT). Children with AGT were matched by age and gender to those with NGT. Clinical status was assessed at baseline and 5 yr later. In a separate investigation, diabetes and prior AGT status of children aged 10-18 were used to assess predictions derived from the cohort study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1998-2003, 39 of 94 children had AGT. Of these, 31 had sufficient follow-up data to be included. Both at baseline and 5 yr later there was no significant difference in height, weight, body mass index (BMI) or lung function between AGT and NGT. Diabetes developed in 13 AGT (42%) and one NGT (3%) [odds ratio (OR) 11, p = 0.0009]. Age of diabetes onset was 12 ± 1 yr in boys and 11 ± 1 yr in girls, compared to approximately 23 yr in the general CF population. Fifteen current children age 10-18 who had AGT before age 10 have diabetes, close to the prediction of 19.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AGT in children with CF age 6-9 yr identifies those at high risk for progression to early onset diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Katie Larson
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ode
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frohnert
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laguna
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holme
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Regelmann
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies