title: A pretreatment nomogram predicting recurrence- and progression-free survival for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer in Japanese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to provide nomograms that allow urologists to easily calculate a nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer patient's risk of recurrence and progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 800 nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer patients newly diagnosed between 1991 and 2001 from the Gifu urothelial cancer registry program. We developed the nomogram using the original 500 patients and validated it using the remaining 300 patients. The prognostic factors of recurrence and progression were identified by multivariate analysis in 500 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the multivariate analysis, tumor number, shape, grade, and intravesical instillation were associated with recurrence-free survival. Tumor shape and grade were associated with progression-free survival. Six factors for recurrence and three factors for progression were used to make the nomogram. Using the original 500 patients who were modeled for the nomogram, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were calculated to be 0.61 for recurrence and 0.71 for progression. To validate nomogram performance, we applied an additional 300 patients to the nomograms. The AUCs were 0.57 for recurrence and 0.67 for progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nomograms that have been developed can be used to predict the probability of recurrence and progression of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Gifu Urothelial Cancer Research Group, Gifu, Japan. toruyama@aqua.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Toshimi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ehara
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049451:Nomograms; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012372:ROC Curve; D012042:Registries; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult