title: Paraspinal extramedullary hematopoiesis in patients with thalassemia intermedia.
abstract: Ineffective erythropoiesis in patients with thalassemia intermedia drives extramedullary hematopoietic tumor formation in several parts of the body. Paraspinal involvement has received increasing attention due to the associated morbidity secondary to spinal cord compression. Although the history and physical examination may help narrow the differential diagnosis, radiographic imaging remains essential to confirm the existence of hematopoietic tissue. Characteristic appearance has been observed mainly on magnetic resonance imaging. Several treatment options have been described, including transfusion therapy, laminectomy, radiotherapy, and the use of fetal hemoglobin inducing agents that decrease the hematopoietic drive. However, the ideal management scheme remains controversial. Until large prospective trials evaluate the efficacy and safety of the available treatment options, both in single and in combination therapy, an individualized approach should be entertained.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon. rh00@aub.edu.lb
authors.forename: Rachid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haidar
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mhaidli
authors.forename: Ali T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Taher
mesh_terms: D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006411:Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013789:Thalassemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy