title: Modulatory role of bivalent cations on reward system.
abstract: Bivalent cations (Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn etc.) modulate activity of reward system (RS). At physiologic levels they may influence all components of RS. There are influenced behavioral reactions at physiological stimuli and all essential elements of drug dependence (compulsive intake of substance, craving, reinforcement, withdrawal syndrom, relapse and reinstatement of intake) The fact that some cations (e.g. calcium) enhance some of the aspects of drug dependence and others (e.g. magnesium, zinc) decrease intensity of this process show that ratio between intra- and extracellular in the brain of these cations is important for the function of RS. Among actions of different cations at the level of RS there are important differences. Their mecahanism of action are common in part and specific in other. It is important the fact that modulatory action appear at physiologic cation concentrations (that could be reached at therapeutic doses). Modulatory action is related to ratio between concetrations of different bivalent cations and is exerted both in normal or pathologic conditions.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Department of Pharmacology, "Gr.T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iaşi.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nechifor
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chelărescu
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009042:Motivation; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012201:Reward; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium