title: Vitamin A and retinoic acid act synergistically to increase lung retinyl esters during normoxia and reduce hyperoxic lung injury in newborn mice.
abstract: We have shown that vitamin A (VA) and retinoic acid (RA) synergistically increase lung retinyl ester content in neonatal rats. To confirm whether this biochemical synergism attenuates early neonatal hyperoxic lung injury in mice, we exposed newborn C57BL/6 mice to 95% O2 or air from birth to 4 d. The agent [vehicle, VA, RA, or the combination vitamin A+retinoic acid (VARA)] was given orally daily. Lung and liver retinyl ester content was measured, and lung injury and development were evaluated. We observed that lung, but not liver, retinyl ester levels were increased more by VARA than by VA or RA alone. Hyperoxic lung injury was reduced by VA and RA, and more so by VARA. VARA attenuated the hyperoxia-induced increases in macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 mRNA and protein expression, but did not alter hyperoxia-induced effects on peptide growth factors (PDGF, VEGF, and TGF-beta1). The 4-d exposure to hyperoxia or retinoids did not lead to observable differences in lung development. We conclude that the VARA combination has synergistic effects on lung retinyl ester concentrations and on the attenuation of hyperoxia-induced lung injury in newborn mice, possibly by modulation of inflammatory mediators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA.
authors.forename: Masheika L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: A Catharine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Arlene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bulger
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Philips
authors.forename: Namasivayam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ambalavanan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004952:Esters / Q000378:metabolism*; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004952:Esters; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014801:Vitamin A; D014212:Tretinoin