title: Effect of MDM2 SNP309 and p53 codon 72 polymorphisms on lung cancer risk and survival among non-smoking Chinese women in Singapore.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 309 resulting in a T or G allele in the promoter of MDM2, the negative regulator of p53, has been suggested to affect cancer predisposition and age of onset, primarily in females. However, findings have been inconsistent in various cancers, and ethnicity appears to be a critical factor influencing the effects of the SNP on cancer risk. An increasing trend has been observed in the prevalence of lung cancers in non-smokers, especially females, though the underlying genetic basis is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We therefore examined the role of the SNPs in the p53 pathway (p53 codon 72 and MDM2 SNP309) on lung cancer risk and prognosis of a life-time non-smoking female Chinese population, in a hospital-based case-control study of 123 cases and 159 age-matched controls, by PCR analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our findings reveal that the risk of lung cancer among individuals with the MDM2 SNP309 TT genotype was 2.1 (95% CI 1.01-4.36) relative to the GG genotype, contrary to initial expectations that the GG genotype with elevated MDM2 levels will increase cancer risk. Those who had this genotype in combination with the p53 Pro allele had a risk of 2.5 (95% CI 1.2-5.0). There was however no effect of either polymorphism on age at diagnosis of lung cancer or on overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results thus demonstrate that the MDM2 SNP309 TT rather than the GG genotype is associated with increased risk of lung cancer in this population, suggesting that other mechanisms independent of increased MDM2 levels can influence cancer susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore. cmrksb@nccs.com.sg.
authors.forename: Hui Wan
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: San San
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lum
authors.forename: Huihua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li Ying
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Soh
authors.forename: Kanaga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sabapathy
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seow
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D003062:Codon; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011379:Prognosis; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk; D012846:Singapore; D012907:Smoking; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2