title: Use of optical tweezers to probe epithelial mechanosensation.
abstract: Cellular mechanosensation mechanisms have been implicated in a variety of disease states. Specifically in renal tubules, the primary cilium and associated mechanosensitive ion channels are hypothesized to play a role in water and salt homeostasis, with relevant disease states including polycystic kidney disease and hypertension. Previous experiments investigating ciliary-mediated cellular mechanosensation have used either fluid flow chambers or micropipetting to elicit a biological response. The interpretation of these experiments in terms of the "ciliary hypothesis" has been difficult due the spatially distributed nature of the mechanical disturbance-several competing hypotheses regarding possible roles of primary cilium, glycocalyx, microvilli, cell junctions, and actin cytoskeleton exist. I report initial data using optical tweezers to manipulate individual primary cilia in an attempt to elicit a mechanotransduction response-specifically, the release of intracellular calcium. The advantage of using laser tweezers over previous work is that the applied disturbance is highly localized. I find that stimulation of a primary cilium elicits a response, while stimulation of the apical surface membrane does not. These results lend support to the hypothesis that the primary cilium mediates transduction of mechanical strain into a biochemical response in renal epithelia.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland State University, Department of Physics, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, USA. a.resnick@csuohio.edu
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Resnick
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D002923:Cilia / Q000502:physiology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology*; D016257:Fura-2 / Q000737:chemistry; D007685:Kidney Tubules, Collecting / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008863:Microspheres; D052898:Optical Tweezers
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2