title: 1000 consecutive venous anastomoses using the microvascular anastomotic coupler in breast reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microvascular anastomosis is one of the more critical aspects of free flap surgery. A safe, effective, and expedient method for venous anastomosis minimizes flap ischemia time, is easier on the surgical team, and saves costly operating room time. The authors report on their experience using the Synovis microvascular anastomotic coupling device in 1000 consecutive venous anastomoses in free flap breast reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively reviewed 1000 consecutive venous anastomoses that were performed using the microvascular anastomotic coupler between July of 2002 and July of 2008. Data were obtained on flap type, recipient vessel, coupler size, incidence of venous thrombosis, timing of venous thrombosis, and morbidity as a result of venous thrombosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All anastomoses were performed in an end-to-end fashion. There were 460 unilateral cases and 270 bilateral cases of breast reconstruction. Flap types included muscle-sparing free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous, deep inferior epigastric perforator, superficial inferior epigastric artery, superior gluteal artery perforator, and inferior gluteal artery perforator. The vast majority of the recipient vessels were the internal mammary or thoracodorsal vessels. Most of the couplers that were used were either 3 or 2.5 mm in diameter. Overall, there were six instances of venous thrombosis (rate of 0.6 percent). There were no total flap losses due to venous thrombosis in this series, although two patients had partial flap necrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patency rate for venous anastomoses performed with the microvascular coupler is excellent when compared with standard suture techniques and has the advantage of overall easier application.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3400 Spruce Street, 10 Penn Tower, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. shareef.jandali@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Shareef
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jandali
authors.forename: Liza C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kovach
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Serletti
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014654:Vascular Patency; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology