title: Akt mediates 17beta-estradiol and/or estrogen receptor-alpha inhibition of LPS-induced tumor necresis factor-alpha expression and myocardial cell apoptosis by suppressing the JNK1/2-NFkappaB pathway.
abstract: Evidence shows that women have lower tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and lower incidences of heart dysfunction and sepsis-related morbidity and mortality. To identify the cardioprotective effects and precise cellular/molecular mechanisms behind estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs), we investigated the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) on LPS-induced apoptosis by analyzing the activation of survival and death signalling pathways in doxycycline (Dox)-inducible Tet-On/ERalpha H9c2 myocardial cells and ERalpha-transfected primary cardiomyocytes overexpressing ERalpha. We found that LPS challenge activated JNK1/2, and then induced IkappaB degradation, NFkappaB activation, TNF-alpha up-regulation and subsequent myocardial apoptotic responses. In addition, treatments involving E(2), membrane-impermeable BSA-E(2) and/or Dox, which induces ERalpha overexpression, significantly inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis by suppressing LPS-up-regulated JNK1/2 activity, IkappaB degradation, NFkappaB activation and pro-apoptotic proteins (e.g. TNF-alpha, active caspases-8, t-Bid, Bax, released cytochrome c, active caspase-9, active caspase-3) in myocardial cells. However, the cardioprotective properties of E(2), BSA-E(2) and ERalpha overexpression to inhibit LPS-induced apoptosis and promote cell survival were attenuated by applying LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) and PI3K siRNA. These findings suggest that E(2), BSA-E(2) and ERalpha expression exert their cardioprotective effects by inhibiting JNK1/2-mediated LPS-induced TNF-alpha expression and cardiomyocyte apoptosis through activation of Akt.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jeng-Fan
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Chia-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Chun-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fuu-Jen
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Chang-Hai
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Bor-Show
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Tzang
authors.forename: Wei-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Chih-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004967:Estrogens; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004958:Estradiol; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8