title: Small, dense LDL and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in metabolic syndrome with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the clinical significance of small,dense LDL (sLDL) in the metabolic syndrome associated with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ten healthy non-diabetic and non-metabolic syndrome subjects (58 male/52 female), 77 non-metabolic diabetic subjects (62/15), 58 non-diabetic metabolic subjects (25/33), and 46 metabolic diabetic subjects (29/17) were enrolled in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subjects with metabolic syndrome (both with and without type 2 diabetes) had significantly higher fasting blood glucose, total-cholesterol (C), LDL-C, triglyceride, sLDL-C and hs-CRP levels than non-metabolic and non-diabetic subjects. HDL-C levels were significantly decreased in the former compared to the latter. Among the metabolic syndrome subjects, those with type 2 diabetes had significantly higher fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure and hs-CRP values than those without diabetes. sLDL-C, LDL-C and hs-CRP were the highest and HDL-C was lowest in the metabolic syndrome with diabetes group. A multiple regression analysis revealed the most significant determinant of sLDL-C to be LDL-C, followed by HDL-C, total-C, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and triglyceride.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic syndrome is a significant determinant of the plasma sLDL-C level. Hs-CRP was the highest in the metabolic syndrome patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, type 2 diabetes may further increase the risk of coronary artery disease in the metabolic syndrome subjects through cardiovascular inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Saburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuboki
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yoshino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein