title: [Tolerance of prostate biopsy with use of local anesthesia and benzodiazepines: a randomized, prospective study].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostate biopsy is an uncomfortable procedure, and attempts are therefore being constantly made to try and decrease biopsy-related pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, prospective study including 160 procedures was designed. Inclusion criteria were: first biopsy, PSA < 15 ng/mL, and age under 75 years. Patients were randomized into 4 groups. Group A was the control group, while group B received intracapsular anesthesia (8 mL of 2% lidocaine), group C 5 mg of oral clorazepate dipotassium one hour before biopsy, and group D both local anesthesia and clorazepate. Each patient completed a questionnaire including three 10-point visual analog scales for pain immediately after the procedure and 30 minutes later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean pain scores were 5.17 (group A), 1.72 (group B), 2.43 (group C), and 0.88 (group D) in the first questionnaire, and 1.71, 0.25, 0.75 and 0.35 respectively in the second questionnaire. Statistically significant differences were found in the ANOVA test. Group comparisons showed the following: 1. A vs B: statistically significant differences in both questionnaires (p = 0.006 and 0.011). 2. A vs C: a significant difference was found in the first questionnaire (0.051), but not in the second (0.012). 3. A vs D: significant differences in both questionnaires (0.001 and 0.010). No statistically significant differences were seen in both questionnaires (0.825 and 0.685) when benzodiazepines where added to local anesthesia (B vs D).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of benzodiazepines as a single method to decrease biopsy-related pain is not warranted.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España. ana_montoliu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montoliu García
authors.forename: J Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Escudero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fabuel Deltoro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Serrano de la Cruz Torrijos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alvarez Barrera
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amorós Torres
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramos de Campos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marqués Vidal
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001535:Benactyzine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D003009:Clorazepate Dipotassium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D005782:Gels; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; C008380:metamizil; D001535:Benactyzine; D003009:Clorazepate Dipotassium; D008012:Lidocaine