title: Interaction of the mu-opioid receptor with GPR177 (Wntless) inhibits Wnt secretion: potential implications for opioid dependence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Opioid agonist drugs produce analgesia. However, long-term exposure to opioid agonists may lead to opioid dependence. The analgesic and addictive properties of opioid agonist drugs are mediated primarily via the mu-opioid receptor (MOR). Opioid agonists appear to alter neuronal morphology in key brain regions implicated in the development of opioid dependence. However, the precise role of the MOR in the development of these neuronal alterations remains elusive. We hypothesize that identifying and characterizing novel MOR interacting proteins (MORIPs) may help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of opioid dependence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GPR177, the mammalian ortholog of Drosophila Wntless/Evi/Sprinter, was identified as a MORIP in a modified split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid screen. GPR177 is an evolutionarily conserved protein that plays a critical role in mediating Wnt protein secretion from Wnt producing cells. The MOR/GPR177 interaction was validated in pulldown, coimmunoprecipitation, and colocalization studies using mammalian tissue culture cells. The interaction was also observed in rodent brain, where MOR and GPR177 were coexpressed in close spatial proximity within striatal neurons. At the cellular level, morphine treatment caused a shift in the distribution of GPR177 from cytosol to the cell surface, leading to enhanced MOR/GPR177 complex formation at the cell periphery and the inhibition of Wnt protein secretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is known that chronic morphine treatment decreases dendritic arborization and hippocampal neurogenesis, and Wnt proteins are essential for these processes. We therefore propose that the morphine-mediated MOR/GPR177 interaction may result in decreased Wnt secretion in the CNS, resulting in atrophy of dendritic arbors and decreased neurogenesis. Our results demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for GPR177 in regulating cellular response to opioid drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Saranya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kittanakom
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Beverly A S
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Elisabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Van Bockstaele
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stagljar
authors.forename: Wade
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Berrettini
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levenson
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000378:metabolism; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; C545200:Gpr177 protein, mouse; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; C549111:WLS protein, human; C549112:Wls protein, rat; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D009020:Morphine