title: Arsenic inhibits SGK1 activation of CFTR Cl- channels in the gill of killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus.
abstract: Seawater acclimation in killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, is mediated in part by a rapid (1h) translocation of CFTR Cl(-) channels from an intracellular pool to the plasma membrane in gill and increased CFTR-mediated Cl(-) secretion. This effect is mediated by serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1), which is stimulated by plasma hypertonicity rather than cortisol. Since arsenic exposure prevents acclimation to seawater by decreasing CFTR protein levels we tested the hypothesis that arsenic (as sodium arsenite) blocks acclimation to seawater by down regulating SGK1 expression. Freshwater adapted killifish were exposed to arsenic (48h) and transferred to seawater containing arsenic, and SGK and CFTR expression were measured. Arsenic reduced the seawater induced increase in SGK1 mRNA and protein abundance, and reduced both the total amount of CFTR and the amount of CFTR in the plasma membrane. The decrease in membrane CFTR reduced Cl(-) secretion. Arsenic also increased the amount of ubiquitinated CFTR and its degradation by the lysosome. Thus, we propose a model whereby arsenic reduces the ability of killifish to acclimate to seawater by blocking the seawater induced increase in SGK1, which results in increased ubiquitination and degradation of CFTR.
authors.affiliation: The School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. joeshaw@indiana.edu <joeshaw@indiana.edu>
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bomberger
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: VanderHeide
authors.forename: Taylor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: LaCasse
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: Bonita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coutermarsh
authors.forename: Roxanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barnaby
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Stanton
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D023781:Fundulidae / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012623:Seawater; D013997:Time Factors; D054875:Ubiquitination / Q000502:physiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D001151:Arsenic; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases