title: [Cardiovascular disorders in Parkinson's disease].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Parkinson's disease (PD) there is a post-gangliar cardiac sympathetic denervation that is present from the pre-symptomatic phases of the disease onwards and which can be demonstrated by means of the Valsalva manoeuvre and cardiac scintigraphy with [123]I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the techniques for studying the cardiac noradrenergic function and the main cardiovascular manifestations in patients with PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orthostatic hypotension is the most disabling autonomic dysfunction in patients with PD and is related with an increase in morbidity due to falls and traumatic injuries. Loss of neurones in the intermediolateral columns of the spinal cord, cardiac autonomic dysfunction and the presence of Lewy bodies in the vegetative plexuses have all been related with its origin. Affected patients can benefit from a series of dietetic and postural measures and, if necessary, can use medication, such fludrocortisone, midodrine and pyridostigmine. Supine hypertension is a potentially serious complication that can appear in patients being treated for orthostatic hypotension with fludrocortisone or midodrine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suitable recognition and treatment of the cardiovascular complications of PD, especially orthostatic hypo-tension, can improve these patients' quality of life to a significant extent.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Valle del Nalón, Langreo, Asturias, España. rsuarezm@meditex.es
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suárez-Moro
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Castaño-García
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011788:Quality of Life; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D009638:Norepinephrine