title: Study of bone metabolism in patients with chronic HIV infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various studies have confirmed the high incidence of skeletal homeostasis modifications in subjects who are carriers of chronic HIV infections, and specific pharmacological treatments, which modify the metabolism and condition both the weight loss and the reshaping of the bones. The presence of a reduction in body mass index seems to contribute to the progressive deterioration of the skeletal framework. The aim of this study was to see whether the presence of HIV-seropositivity could constitute a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis/osteopenia, even in the light of the fact that our group was composed of patients with a concentrated age span well under the limit for both post-menopausal and senile osteoporosis, and with a median age superimposable for both sexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study involved 26 HIV+ patients with an average duration of infection equal to 6.7 +/- 4.8 years, and a range of seropositive duration between 6 months to 16 years. The prominent ultrasonometrical parameters are as follows: Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation, Speed of Sound, Stiffness Index or Quantitative Ultra-sound Index, Bone Mineral Density, and T-score. The biochemical study was carried out by assessing a marker of neoformation such as seric osteocalcine, and uninary pyridinoline and deoxipyridonoline as resorption markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results confirmed the presence of osteoporosis/osteopenia in 46% of the samples (11%, and 35%, respectively), with a progressive reduction in bone mineral density in relation to the duration of HIV infection. Assessment of the marker for bone metabolism showed a significant increase in osteocalcine in the female population compared to the males, without any significant variations in the normal values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extreme variability in the morphological appearance at bone level during the course of HIV infection would lead us to believe that in the genesis of various forms, depending on the mechanisms and the time involved only in the parts defined, other attributable factors are responsible, not only for the progression of the core pathology and the possible interference of hormonal factors (behavioural and/or nutritional) directly correlated with the state of infection, but also for the dismetabolic effects of the antiretroviral drugs.
authors.affiliation: Depts of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, School of Medicine, Didactic and Scientific District of Terni, Italy. scoaccioli@tin.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coaccioli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Del Giorno
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crapa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sabatini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panaccione
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Cato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lavagna
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fatati
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paladini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frongillo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puxeddu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult