title: New insights in Trichoderma harzianum antagonism of fungal plant pathogens by secreted protein analysis.
abstract: Trichoderma harzianum ALL42 were capable of overgrowing and degrading Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina mycelia, coiling around the hyphae with formation of apressoria and hook-like structures. Hyphae of T. harzianum ALL42 did not show any coiling around Fusarium sp. hyphae suggesting that mycoparasitism may be different among the plant pathogens. In this study, a secretome analysis was used to identify some extracellular proteins secreted by T. harzianum ALL42 after growth on cell wall of M. phaseolina, Fusarium sp., and R. solani. The secreted proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 60 T. harzianum ALL42 secreted proteins excised from the gel were analyzed from the three growth conditions. While seven cell wall-induced proteins were identified, more than 53 proteins spots remain unidentified, indicating that these proteins are either novel proteins or proteins that have not yet been sequenced. Endochitinase, β-glucosidase, α-mannosidase, acid phosphatase, α-1,3-glucanase, and proteases were identified in the gel and also detected in the supernatant of culture.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Goiás, UnUCET, BR 153, Km 98 Campus Henrique Santillo, Anápolis, GO CEP 75000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdirene Neves
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: do Nascimento Silva
authors.forename: Andrei Stecca
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Steindorff
authors.forename: Fabio Teles
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Eliane Ferreira
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Noronha
authors.forename: Carlos André Ornelas
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ricart
authors.forename: Marcelo Valle
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.forename: Marilene Henning
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Vainstein
authors.forename: Cirano José
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ulhoa
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000898:Antibiosis; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000502:physiology*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002688:Chitinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000502:physiology*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D040901:Proteomics; D012232:Rhizoctonia / Q000502:physiology*; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D043323:alpha-Mannosidase / Q000378:metabolism; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D002688:Chitinases; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; D043323:alpha-Mannosidase