title: Use of antibiotics in severe acute pancreatitis.
abstract: Infectious complications in severe acute pancreatitis are an important problem and determine outcome in patients who survived the first inflammatory hit of the disease. Timely diagnosis of infected pancreatic necrosis is often challenging, but should not delay adequate treatment, which consists of source control and antibiotic treatment. Prophylactic antibiotics are not effective in reducing the incidence of (peri)pancreatic infection in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (or necrotizing pancreatitis). The only rational indication for antibiotics at this moment is documented infection. The spectrum of empiric antibiotics should cover both Gram-negative, Gram-positive and anaerobic microorganisms (also keeping in mind exposure to nosocomial microorganisms), and local ecology should be taken into account. Fungal infections are often present, and antifungal coverage should be considered, especially if multiple risk factors for invasive candidiasis are present. Currently, no tools are available to guide antimicrobial treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Intensive Care Unit 1K12-C, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. jan.dewaele@ugent.be
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: De Waele
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D006095:Gram-Positive Cocci / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents