title: Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of silver and titanium nanoparticles.
abstract: Microbial resistance represents a challenge for the scientific community to develop new bioactive compounds. Nosocomial infections represent an enormous emerging problem, especially in patients with ambulatory treatment, which requires that they wear medical devices for an extended period of time. In this work, an evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of both silver and titanium nanoparticles was carried out against a panel of selected pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, some of them commonly associated with device-associated infections. Cytotoxicity assays monitoring DNA damage and cell viability were evaluated using human-derived monocyte cell lines. We show that silver-coated nanoparticles having a size of 20-25 nm were the most effective among all the nanoparticles assayed against the tested microorganisms. In addition, these nanoparticles showed no significant cytotoxicity, suggesting their use as antimicrobial additives in the process of fabrication of ambulatory and nonambulatory medical devices.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In this study, antimicrobial activity of silver and titanium nanoparticles was evaluated against a panel of selected pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. Silver-coated nanoparticles of 20-25 nm size were the most effective among all the nanoparticles without significant cytotoxicity, suggesting their use as antimicrobial additives in the process of fabrication of ambulatory and nonambulatory medical devices.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
authors.forename: Fidel
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martinez-Gutierrez
authors.forename: Peggy L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Olive
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banuelos
authors.forename: Erasmo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orrantia
authors.forename: Nereyda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nino
authors.forename: Elpidio Morales
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Facundo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Horacio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.forename: Yossef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Av-Gay
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D012834:Silver; D014025:Titanium