title: Hypoxia due to shunts in pig lung treated with O2 and fluorocarbon-derived intravascular microbubbles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Earlier work has shown that experimental conditions calling for improved tissue oxygenation could be assisted by i.v. infusion of a dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe) forming oxygen-transporting microbubbles.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present work investigated the effect of DDFPe on hypoxia due to experimental shunts in the pig lung.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen O(2) breathing, anesthetized pigs had glass beads administered into the trachea so as to significantly depress arterial oxygen tension (PaO(2)). PaO(2) was recorded for up to 12 hrs while 0.1 ml/kg DDFPe was administered 1-3 times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The animals were divided into two groups based on arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) after shunt induction, combined with oxygen breathing: the "SaO(2) >90% group" (n=6) and the "SaO(2) <90% group" (n=13). In the "SaO(2) <90% group," the PaO(2) increased stepwise with each infusion from 56.6+/-2.9 to 88.6+/-14.6 mmHG (P<or=0.001); improvements lasted about 2 hrs after each infusion. Mixed venous oxygenation also increased with the infusions, e.g. (1(st) infusion) from a PvO(2) of 41.4+/-2.3 to 49.9+/-4.2 mmHg (P<or=0.05) and SvO(2) 58.0+/-2.9% (P<or=0.01), the venous changes supporting arterial oxygenation. At the same time, arterial CO(2) levels fell. Arterial O(2) and CO(2) levels were paralleled by similar changes in muscle tissue. Pulmonary arterial pressures did not indicate any pulmonary embolization by bubbles. Toxic effects of the treatment were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that, on condition of successful toxicity testing, intravascular administration of a DDFPe and oxygen breathing may be beneficial in severe right-to-left shunting in humans.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Education in Special Environments and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214 , USA. ityssebo@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Ingvald M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Tyssebotn
authors.forename: Claes E G
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lundgren
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Olszowka
authors.forename: Guri W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Bergoe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D045423:Microbubbles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D010420:Pentanes
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D010100:Oxygen; C008806:perfluoropentane; D010420:Pentanes