Identification, assessment, and control of hazards in water supply: experiences from Water Safety Plan implementations in Germany.
According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) for Water Safety Plans (WSP), a Technical Risk Management was developed, which considers standard demands in drinking water treatment in Germany. It was already implemented at several drinking water treatment plants of different size and treatment processes in Germany. Hazards affecting water quality, continuity, and the reliability of supply from catchment to treatment and distribution could be identified by a systematic approach, and suitable control measures were defined. Experiences are presented by detailed examples covering methods, practical consequences, and further outcomes. The method and the benefits for the water suppliers are discussed and an outlook on the future role of WSPs in German water supply is given.
Mälzer
H-J
HJ
IWW Water Centre, 45476 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany. a.maelzer@iww-online.de
Staben
N
N
Hein
A
A
Merkel
W
W
D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005858:Germany; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012308:Risk Management; D012449:Safety; D017751:Safety Management; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards*; D014944:World Health Organization
D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water