title: The preclinical toxicology of salmeterol hydroxynaphthoate.
abstract: An extensive toxicology programme on salmeterol hydroxynaphthoate (Serevent), a marketed long-acting beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, has been carried out. The studies evaluated both the local (respiratory tract) and systemic tolerance to single and repeated dosing, effects on all stages of reproduction, as well as the genotoxic and oncogenic potential. High acute doses were well tolerated and caused no specific target organ toxicity. In repeat dose studies, animals tolerated salmeterol very well both locally and systemically. No significant effects on the respiratory tract of dogs were seen and only minor laryngeal changes, typical of those occurring with many inhaled medicines, were noted in rats. The high systemic concentrations achieved resulted in a number of changes that are considered to be the result of excessive and prolonged beta( 2)-adrenoceptor stimulation. These included tachycardia, skeletal muscle hypertrophy and minor haematological and blood biochemical changes in general toxicity studies, foetal effects in rabbit organogenesis studies and increased incidences of smooth muscle tumours of the mesovarium in the rat and of the uterus in the mouse oncogenicity studies. Salmeterol showed no evidence of any genotoxic potential. Results of the extensive toxicology programme provide good assurance of the safety for the inhaled use of salmeterol in patients; this has ben confirmed by many years of clinical experience during its development and marketing.
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd., Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: S J P
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Damment
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D017849:Animals, Inbred Strains; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D004285:Dogs; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D007830:Larynx / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009153:Mutagens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D002273:Carcinogens; D009153:Mutagens; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; D000420:Albuterol