title: Gender-dependent differences in the incidence of ochratoxin A-induced neural tube defects in the Pdn/Pdn mouse.
abstract: Genetic polydactyly/arhinencephaly mouse embryo, Pdn/Pdn, exhibits suppression of Gli3 gene expression. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a teratogen that causes neural tube defects (NTD) in mice. We investigated gender-dependent differences in the incidence of NTD induced by OTA in the Pdn/Pdn mouse. After administering 2 mg/kg OTA to Pdn/+ female mice, mated with Pdn/+ males, on day 7.5 of gestation, we examined the genotypes, sex and NTD of fetuses on day 18. Non-treated Pdn/Pdn had a 15.8% risk of NTD, and all NTD fetuses were female. When Pdn/Pdn embryos were exposed to OTA, the incidence of NTD increased to 16 (51.6%) of 31 Pdn/Pdn fetuses, and 10 (71.4%) of 14 male Pdn/Pdn fetuses exhibited NTD. From these results, it was speculated that NTD in OTA-treated male Pdn/Pdn were due to the synergistic effect between depressed Gli3 and altered sex-correlated gene expression from OTA treatment. After treatment with OTA, the embryos were recovered on day 9 and gene expressions, which were correlated with Gli3, telencephalic morphogenesis, formation of gonadal anlage, and gender-dependent differentiation were investigated. From real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis results, it was suggested that the manifestation of NTD in the male OTA-treated Pdn/Pdn might be due to the complicated altered gene expressions among Gli3, Wnt7b, Wnt8b, Fez1, Barx1, Lim1, Dmrt1, Igf1, Fog2, Dax1 and Sox9, and in particular, upregulation and gender-dependent difference in Barx1 and gender-dependent difference in Sox9 gene expressions might be noteworthy findings.
authors.affiliation: Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ueta
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumino
authors.forename: Maho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurome
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Ryu-ichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katagiri
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naruse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D016142:Holoprosencephaly / Q000235:genetics*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009793:Ochratoxins; D017689:Polydactyly / Q000235:genetics*; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D012737:Sex Factors; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000196:embryology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D000074290:Zinc Finger Protein Gli3
chemical_list: C095587:Barx1 protein, mouse; C465571:Gli3 protein, mouse; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009793:Ochratoxins; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C527933:Sox9 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000074290:Zinc Finger Protein Gli3; C025589:ochratoxin A