title: Genome rearrangements of completely sequenced strains of Yersinia pestis.
abstract: Yersinia pestis has caused three worldwide plagues in human history that have led to innumerable deaths. We have completely sequenced the genomes of two strains (D106004 and D182038) of Y. pestis isolated from Yunnan Province of China. The most striking finding of our study is that large amounts of genome rearrangement events exist between the genomes of two Yunnan strains despite being isolated from two foci only 50 kilometers apart. When we compared the genome sequences of the Yunnan strains with six strains (CO92, KIM, 91001, Antiqua, Nepal516, and Pestoides F) of Y. pestis sequenced previously, we found that the genomes of Y. pestis were divided into 61 relatively independent segments. Pairwise comparisons of all 61 segments among eight strains showed that the Yunnan strains were most closely related to strain CO92. We concluded that Y. pestis genomes consist of segments that can change their positions and directions within the genomes caused by genome rearrangements, and our study confirmed the inference that the third plague pandemic originated in Yunnan since the genome sequences of Yunnan strains were closest to the strain CO92 isolated from the United States.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Zoonic Disease Branch, Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xuexin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Zhikai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Lianxu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Xiaona
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Donglei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Enmin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Huijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jianchun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Jinrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Zhizhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Xue-jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Dongzheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hai
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D026801:Synteny; D015010:Yersinia pestis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification