title: Extraocular manifestations of birdshot chorioretinopathy in 118 French patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Published studies on birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR) did not provide definitive information on possibly associated extraocular manifestations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-center cross-sectional analysis of extraocular manifestations in a cohort of patients with BCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since 2002, 118 patients (45 men, 73 women) were enrolled. Their mean age was 51.5 years at diagnosis. The most common features of their medical histories were: hypertension (32 patients), drug allergy (19), sinusitis (17), thyroid disease (12), otitis media (11), asthma (11); diabetes (10); cancer (8); psoriasis (5); monoclonal gammopathies (3). At the time of disease onset, arthralgias were noted in 23, ENT manifestations in 26, Raynaud's phenomenon in 6, headaches in 10, psoriasis in 3 others. Between diagnosis and cross-sectional evaluation visits, only the frequency of hypertension has increased significantly (11 additional patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No predominant extraocular manifestation of BCR was identified in our patients. Their ongoing follow-up may yet discern whether BCR is definitively eye-restricted.
authors.affiliation: Department of internal medicine, National referral center for "Systemic necrotizing vasculitides and systemic scleroderma", hôpital Cochin, université Paris-Descartes, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75879 Paris cedex 14, France. christian.pagnoux@cch.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pagnoux
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahr
authors.forename: Achille
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aouba
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bérezné
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Monnet
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Ralph D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Levinson
authors.forename: Antoine P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Brézin
authors.forename: Loïc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guillevin
mesh_terms: D018771:Arthralgia / Q000175:diagnosis; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000175:diagnosis; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D012907:Smoking; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D015866:Uveitis, Posterior / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015234:HLA-A Antigens; C035524:HLA-A29 antigen