title: Integration of single-fiber reflectance spectroscopy into ultrasound-guided endoscopic lung cancer staging of mediastinal lymph nodes.
abstract: We describe the incorporation of a single-fiber reflectance spectroscopy probe into the endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) procedure utilized for lung cancer staging. A mathematical model is developed to extract information about the physiological and morphological properties of lymph tissue from single-fiber reflectance spectra, e.g., microvascular saturation, blood volume fraction, bilirubin concentration, average vessel diameter, and Mie slope. Model analysis of data from a clinical pilot study shows that the single-fiber reflectance measurement is capable of detecting differences in the physiology between normal and metastatic lymph nodes. Moreover, the clinical data show that probe manipulation within the lymph node can perturb the in vivo environment, a concern that must be carefully considered when developing a sampling strategy. The data show the feasibility of this novel technique; however, the potential clinical utility has yet to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Center, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. s.kanick@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Stephen Chad
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kanick
authors.forename: Cor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Leest
authors.forename: Joachim G J V
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Aerts
authors.forename: Henk C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hoogsteden
authors.forename: Slávka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kascáková
authors.forename: Henricus J C M
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sterenborg
authors.forename: Arjen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amelink
mesh_terms: D001663:Bilirubin / Q000737:chemistry; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008482:Mediastinum / Q000473:pathology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016011:Normal Distribution; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D001663:Bilirubin