title: Influence of double-gloving on manual dexterity and tactile sensation of surgeons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Double-gloving in the performance of surgical procedures has been demonstrated to reduce the frequency of blood contact with the hands of members of the surgical team. Concerns persist that double-gloving can compromise the dexterity and tactile sensitivity of the surgeon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three surgeons and surgeons-in-training volunteered at the Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons and were studied using the Purdue Pegboard test and a standard 2-point discrimination test to compare no gloves, a single pair of gloves, and double-gloving on manual dexterity and tactile sensitivity. Categorical and continuous variables were identified, general linear prediction models were computed, and the influence of glove status was analyzed as an independent variable. Monte Carlo simulation was employed to validate conclusions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gender, specialty, and handedness did not affect prediction models. Glove status did not affect dexterity performance scores (p = 0.57) after accounting for the influence of age on score variation (p < 0.001). Comparing ulnar and radial surfaces of the index finger for 2-point discrimination, no difference was detected between trials (p < 0.66), nor was an interaction effect detected with glove status (p = 0.40). Monte Carlo simulations validated the apparent absence of differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Double-gloving does not have a substantial impact on manual dexterity or tactile sensitivity when compared with no gloves or single-gloving in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. dfry@consultmpa.com
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: W Edwin
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Elizabeth N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Kohnke
authors.forename: Carolyn L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Twomey
mesh_terms: D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005932:Gloves, Surgical; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009048:Motor Skills; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014110:Touch