title: [Investigation of nosocomial infection in the neonatal intensive care unit].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A perspective study was conducted to describe the epidemiologic profile of nosocomial infection in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  The newborn infants who were admitted in the NICU for more than 48 hrs were enrolled from February 2006 to January 2007. The clinical data were collected. The rate of nosocomial infection was calculated according to the CDC surveillance system. The risk factors of nosocomial infection were investigated by multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1 159 neonates were recruited. A total of 169 nosocomial infections occurred, with a cumulative rate for nosocomial infection of 14.58%. The incidence of nosocomial infection was 19.52 per 1 000 patient-days. Ninety-two cases of pneumonia, including 38 cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), were reported, with a nosocomial infection rate of 7.94%, which was the most common nosocomial infection in the NICU. Among these infants the rate of VAP was 48.8 per 1 000 ventilator days. The major microorganisms isolated from the infected patients were Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Coagulase negative staphylococcus, and aeruginosus Bacillus. Birth weight (OR 2.130, 95%CI 1.466-3.094), mechanical ventilation (OR 7.038, 95%CI 3.901-12.698), chest tube drainage (OR 7.004, 95%CI 1.841-26.653) and ibuprofen therapy (OR 2.907, 95% CI 1.303-6.487) were the risk factors for the development of nosocomial infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary infection is the most common nosocomial infection in the NICU, and the Gram-negative bacillus is the main pathogen. Low birth weight, mechanical ventilation, chest tube drainage and ibuprofen therapy are independent risk factors for nosocomial infection in the NICU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Di
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chuan-Qing
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D015505:Chest Tubes / Q000009:adverse effects; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000009:adverse effects; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007052:Ibuprofen