title: The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. III: validity of Axis I diagnoses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the criterion validity of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) Axis I TMD diagnoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combined total of 614 TMD community and clinic cases and 91 controls were examined at three study sites. RDC/TMD Axis I diagnoses were algorithmically derived from an examination performed by calibrated dental hygienists. Reference standards ("gold standards") were established by means of consensus diagnoses rendered by two TMD experts using all available clinical data, including imaging findings. Validity of the RDC/TMD Axis I TMD diagnoses was estimated relative to the reference-standard diagnoses (gold standard diagnoses). Target sensitivity and specificity were set a priori at greater than or equal to 0.70 and greater than or equal to 0.95, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Target sensitivity and specificity were not observed for any of the eight RDC/TMD diagnoses. The highest validity was achieved for Group Ia myofascial pain (sensitivity 0.65, specificity 0.92) and Group Ib myofascial pain with limited opening (sensitivity 0.79, specificity 0.92). Target sensitivity and specificity were observed only when both Group I diagnoses were combined (0.87 and 0.98, respectively). For Group II (disc displacements) and Group III (arthralgia, arthritis, arthrosis) diagnoses, all estimates for sensitivity were below target (0.03 to 0.53), and specificity ranged from below to on target (0.86 to 0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RDC/TMD Axis I TMD diagnoses did not reach the targets set at sensitivity of > or = 0.70 and specificity of > or = 0.95. Target validity was obtained only for myofascial pain without differentiation between normal and limited opening. Revision of the current Axis I TMD diagnostic algorithms is warranted to improve their validity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, Univeristy of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. edmondt@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Edmond
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Truelove
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: John O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Look
authors.forename: Lloyd A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mancl
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ohrbach
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Velly
authors.forename: Kimberly H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Huggins
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lenton
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Shiffman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000175:diagnosis; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000175:diagnosis; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D054928:Validation Studies as Topic; D055815:Young Adult