title: Comparison of two reference systems for biomarker data analysis in a freshwater biomonitoring context.
abstract: The usefulness of fish biomarkers for freshwater biomonitoring is now well recognized, but they still pose several questions to ecotoxicology researchers. The present study, designed to assess the effects of a small city located in an agricultural river basin watershed on sticklebacks living in an adjacent river, underlines the importance of reference selection. Two reference systems were used to analyse responses of a set of biomarkers, including biotransformation enzymes, oxidative stress parameters, neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption end-points, measured in wild sticklebacks electrofished in a contaminated stream. The results showed that the investigated urban pressure disturbed CYP3A activity but also induced hepatic lipoperoxidation and circulating vitellogenine but this result is strongly influenced by the selected reference system. This work therefore demonstrates the need for further research to identify a robust reference system for stickleback biomarker analysis.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France. Electronic address: Wilfried.Sanchez@ineris.fr.
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piccini
authors.affiliation: Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maillot-Maréchal
authors.affiliation: Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Porcher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D054750:Ecotoxicology / Q000379:methods*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005618:Fresh Water; D023701:Smegmamorpha; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014876:Water Pollution
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers