title: A novel Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) target gene negatively regulates the WNT signaling pathway.
abstract: Mammalian kidney development requires the functions of the Wilms tumor gene WT1 and the WNT/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Recent studies have shown that WT1 negatively regulates WNT/beta-catenin signaling, but the molecular mechanisms by which WT1 inhibits WNT/beta-catenin signaling are not completely understood. In this study, we identified a gene, CXXC5, which we have renamed WID (WT1-induced Inhibitor of Dishevelled), as a novel WT1 transcriptional target that negatively regulates WNT/beta-catenin signaling. WT1 activates WID transcription through the upstream enhancer region. In the developing kidney, Wid and Wt1 are coexpressed in podocytes of maturing nephrons. Structure-function analysis demonstrated that WID interacts with Dishevelled via its C-terminal CXXC zinc finger and Dishevelled binding domains and potently inhibits WNT/beta-catenin signaling in vitro and in vivo. WID is evolutionarily conserved, and ablation of wid in zebrafish embryos with antisense morpholino oligonucleotides perturbs embryonic kidney development. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the WT1 negatively regulates WNT/beta-catenin pathway via its target gene WID and further suggest a role for WID in nephrogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Myoung Shin
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung Kew
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bollig
authors.forename: Jirouta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kitagaki
authors.forename: Wonhee
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Nathan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Whye
authors.forename: Yun-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Miguel N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Jik Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ho-Shik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Daphne W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Englert
authors.forename: Alan O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Perantoni
authors.forename: Sean Bong
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D060466:Axin Protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025721:WT1 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015027:Zebrafish; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D060466:Axin Protein; C540448:CXXC5 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025721:WT1 Proteins; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D008156:Luciferases