title: Risk factors for acute kidney injury in visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar).
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The study patients had a diagnosis of VL and were admitted to a tertiary hospital. A multivariate analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors for AKI. A total of 224 patients were included. The mean age was 36 +/- 15 years. AKI was observed in 33.9% of cases. Risk factors associated with AKI were male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2; P = 0.03), advanced age (OR = 1.05; P < 0.001), and jaundice (OR = 2.9; P = 0.002). There was an association between amphotericin B use and AKI (OR = 18.4; P < 0.0001), whereas glucantime use was associated with lower incidence of AKI compared with amphotericin B use (OR = 0.05; P < 0.0001). Mortality was 13.3%, and it was higher in AKI patients (30.2%). Therefore, factors associated with AKI were male gender, advanced age, and jaundice. Amphotericin B was an important cause of AKI in VL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michelle J C
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Geraldo B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Silva Júnior
authors.forename: Krasnalhia Lívia S
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.forename: Natália A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Ana Valeska V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Luiz F L G
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Rosa M S
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: Alexandre B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Libório
authors.forename: Elizabeth F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Daher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000469:parasitology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D008536:Meglumine; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate; D000666:Amphotericin B; D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate