title: Beyond obesity: the diagnosis and pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome.
abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MSX) identifies clinical symptoms and lab results, including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, that lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity typically results in insulin and leptin resistance and a shift from expansion of subcutaneous fat to deposition of abdominal and ectopic fat. These conditions cause metabolic dysregulation, elevated fatty acids (FFA), and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory "adipokines". Left untreated, these conditions cause lipotoxicity, chronic inflammation, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and CVD.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory Science Department, HSB Rm 314, One University Place, Springfield, IL 62703, USA. wgade1@uis.edu
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gade
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmit
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gade
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000502:physiology; D020738:Leptin / Q000502:physiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D020738:Leptin; D006854:Hydrocortisone