[Analysis of the effectiveness of an antiemetic protocol used in an oncology division].
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the effectiveness of an antiemetic protocol in patients receiving chemotherapy treatment.


METHODS
Prospective study in patients with solid tumours receiving chemotherapy in an oncology day hospital between January 2006 and 2007. We conducted a literature review and an evaluation of the recommendations of different clinical practice guidelines. The emetogenic potential was calculated according to the Hesketh level (HL), and the antiemetic premedication was determined for each regimen. We evaluated the effectiveness of an antiemetic protocol by using a survey as a method for measuring emetic episodes and nausea in the acute and delayed phases.


RESULTS
172 patients completed the survey. 13.4% vomited in the acute phase and 16.9% in the delayed phase; the median number of times was 2 (1-8) and 1 (1-5) for each respective phase. With treatment regimens classed as HL 4-5, 18.5% experienced vomiting in the acute phase and 20.2% in the delayed phase, with 46% experiencing nausea in the acute phase and 38.4% in the delayed phase. Control of vomiting in patients with treatment regimens classed as HL 1-3 was 100% in acute phase and 91.7% in the delayed phase; nausea was reported by 27% in the acute phase and 31% in the delayed phase. The factors that contributed the most to the presence of vomiting and nausea were the emetogenic potential of the treatment regimen (p<0.05), vomiting in the previous cycle (p<0.05) and age younger than 50 years (p<0.002).


CONCLUSIONS
The proposed antiemetic protocol is effective for controlling vomiting in chemotherapy regimens with an HL of 1-3. For highly emetogenic regimens, the antiemetic protocol is also effective, but protection is not complete. This protocol seems less effective for controlling nausea, although this is a subjective symptom which is difficult to assess and not routinely measured in clinical trials.
Huertas-Fernández
M J
MJ
Area de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España. mariaj.huertas.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es
Martínez-Bautista
M J
MJ
Sánchez-Martínez
I
I
Zarzuela-Ramírez
M
M
Baena-Cañada
J M
JM
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016522:Oncology Service, Hospital; D017294:Ondansetron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies
D000932:Antiemetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017294:Ondansetron; D003907:Dexamethasone