title: Long-term coronary heart disease risk associated with very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Chinese: the results of a 15-Year Chinese Multi-Provincial Cohort Study (CMCS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have examined very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol as an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease (CHD) or its combined effects with coexisting cardiac risk factors. The current study examined the association between VLDL cholesterol and the risk of future CHD events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study reports the association of VLDL cholesterol level and long-term CHD risk, as well as the combined effects of VLDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol with other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The cohort comprises 30,378 participants aged 35-64 years from 11 Chinese provinces. All participants were followed up annually until 2007. We found 20% of the sample population had elevated VLDL cholesterol>or=30 mg/dL. Elevated VLDL cholesterol levels were found to increase CHD risk by 2.19-3.36-fold in people with LDL cholesterol within the normal range and presenting no other major risk factors. This effect was exacerbated in those with elevated LDL cholesterol levels, and further increased CHD risk in those displaying three or more risk factors. The population-attributable risk proportion (PAR%) of CHD associated with VLDL cholesterol was calculated to be 17.3%, higher than that associated with LDL cholesterol alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a large Chinese cohort, elevated VLDL cholesterol was found to be significantly associated with elevated CHD risk, similar to that observed with LDL cholesterol. CHD risk was further amplified when elevated VLDL cholesterol was combined with elevated LDL cholesterol and/or the presence of major CVD risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Grundy
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jiayi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhaosu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL