title: Down-regulation of NF-kappaB signals is involved in loss of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 responsiveness.
abstract: Vitamin D anti-tumor effect is often found reduced in the late stages of cancer. To uncover vitamin D resistance mechanism, we established a vitamin D-resistant human prostate cancer LNCaP cell line, LNCaP-R, by chronic exposure of cells to 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-VD). The vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated transcriptional activity was reduced in LNCaP-R, whereas VDR expression level and DNA-binding capacity were similar compared to parental cells (LNCaP-P). The expressions of the key factors involved in VDR transactivity, including CYP24A1 and VDR-associated proteins are all increased in LNCaP-R cells, and yet treatment with ketoconazole, P450 enzymes inhibitor, as well as trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, did not sensitize LNCaP-R cells response to vitamin D, suggesting that neither a local 1,25-VD availability, nor VDR-associated proteins are responsible for the vitamin D resistance. Interestingly, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling, which is critical for 1,25-VD/VDR activity was found reduced in LNCaP-R cells, thereby treatment with NF-kappaB activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), can sensitize LNCaP-R vitamin D response. Together, we conclude that NF-kappaB signaling is critical for vitamin D sensitivity, and dysregulation of this pathway would result in vitamin D resistance and disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Bo-Ying
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Huei-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: Jong-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Sayeda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasmin-Karim
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Messing
authors.forename: Yi-Fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C118756:dihydroxy-vitamin D3; D014807:Vitamin D; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate