title: Identifying women with severe angiographic coronary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine sex/gender differences in the distribution of risk factors according to age and identify factors associated with the presence of severe coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed 23,771 consecutive patients referred for coronary angiography from 2000 to 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients did not have previously diagnosed CAD and were referred for first diagnostic angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were classified according to angiographic disease severity. Severe CAD was defined as left main stenosis > or = 50%, three-vessel disease with > or = 70% stenosis or two-vessel disease including proximal left anterior descending stenosis of > or = 70%. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between risk factors and angina symptoms with severe CAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women were less likely to have severe CAD (22.3% vs. 36.5%) compared with men. Women were also significantly older (69.8 +/- 10.6 vs. 66.3 +/- 10.7 years), had higher rates of diabetes (35.0% vs. 26.6%), hypertension (74.8% vs. 63.3%) and Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class IV angina symptoms (56.7% vs. 47.8%). Men were more likely to be smokers (56.9% vs. 37.9%). Factors independently associated with severe CAD included age (OR = 1.05; 95% CI 1.05-1.05, P < 0.01), male sex (OR = 2.43; CI 2.26-2.62, P < 0.01), diabetes (OR = 2.00; CI 1.86-2.18, P < 0.01), hyperlipidaemia (OR = 1.50; CI 1.39-1.61, P < 0.01), smoking (OR = 1.10; CI 1.03-1.18, P = 0.06) and CCS class IV symptoms (OR = 1.43; CI 1.34-1.53, P < 0.01). CCS Class IV angina was a stronger predictor of severe CAD amongst women compared with men (women OR = 1.82; CI 1.61-2.04 vs. men OR = 1.28; CI 1.18-1.39, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women referred for first diagnostic angiography have lower rates of severe CAD compared with men across all ages. Whilst conventional risk factors, age, sex, diabetes, smoking and hyperlipidaemia are primary determinants of CAD amongst women and men, CCS Class IV angina is more likely to be associated with severe CAD in women than men.
authors.affiliation: McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kreatsoulas
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khatun
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Velianou
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Anand
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000453:epidemiology; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology