title: Virtual preoperative measurement and surgical manipulation of sagittal spinal alignment using a novel research and educational software program.
abstract: Understanding regional as well as global spinal alignment is increasingly recognized as important for the spine surgeon. A novel software program for virtual preoperative measurement and surgical manipulation of sagittal spinal alignment was developed to provide a research and educational tool for spine surgeons. This first-generation software program provides tools to measure sagittal spinal alignment from the occiput to the pelvis, and to allow for virtual surgical manipulation of sagittal spinal alignment. The software was developed in conjunction with Clifton Labs, Inc. Photographs and radiographs were imported into the software program, and a 2D virtual spine was constructed from the images. The software then measured regional and global sagittal spinal alignment from the virtual spine construct, showing the user how to perform the measurements. After measuring alignment, the program allowed for virtual surgical manipulation, simulating surgical procedures such as interbody fusion, facet osteotomy, pedicle subtraction osteotomy, and reduction of spondylolisthesis, as well as allowing for rotation of the pelvis on the hip axis. Following virtual manipulation, the program remeasured regional and global sagittal spinal alignment. Computer software can be used to measure and manipulate sagittal spinal alignment virtually, providing a new research and educational tool. In the future, more comprehensive programs may allow for measurement and interaction in the coronal, axial, and sagittal planes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Pettigrew
authors.forename: Chad J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: R Brian
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wilsey
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuntz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D012984:Software; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D014584:User-Computer Interface