title: Association of leg-length inequality with knee osteoarthritis: a cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leg-length inequality is common in the general population and may accelerate development of knee osteoarthritis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether leg-length inequality is associated with prevalent, incident, and progressive knee osteoarthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population samples from Birmingham, Alabama, and Iowa City, Iowa.
  
  
  METHODS
  3026 participants aged 50 to 79 years with or at high risk for knee osteoarthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The exposure was leg-length inequality, measured by full-limb radiography. The outcomes were prevalent, incident, and progressive knee osteoarthritis. Radiographic osteoarthritis was defined as Kellgren and Lawrence grade 2 or greater, and symptomatic osteoarthritis was defined as radiographic disease in a consistently painful knee.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with leg-length inequality less than 1 cm, leg-length inequality of 1 cm or more was associated with prevalent radiographic (53% vs. 36%; odds ratio [OR], 1.9 [95% CI, 1.5 to 2.4]) and symptomatic (30% vs. 17%; OR, 2.0 [CI, 1.6 to 2.6]) osteoarthritis in the shorter leg, incident symptomatic osteoarthritis in the shorter leg (15% vs. 9%; OR, 1.7 [CI, 1.2 to 2.4]) and the longer leg (13% vs. 9%; OR, 1.5 [CI, 1.0 to 2.1]), and increased odds of progressive osteoarthritis in the shorter leg (29% vs. 24%; OR, 1.3 [CI, 1.0 to 1.7]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duration of follow-up may not be long enough to adequately identify cases of incidence and progression. Measurements of leg length, including radiography, are subject to measurement error, which could result in misclassification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiographic leg-length inequality was associated with prevalent, incident symptomatic, and progressive knee osteoarthritis. Leg-length inequality is a potentially modifiable risk factor for knee osteoarthritis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  National Institute on Aging.
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Massachusetts 02111, USA. wharvey@tuftsmedicalcenter.org
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Theodore D V
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Cora E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Felson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007870:Leg Length Inequality / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors