title: Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of single and multiple oral doses of aliskiren in healthy Chinese subjects: a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aliskiren is the first oral direct renin inhibitor to be approved for the treatment of hypertension. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of aliskiren has been extensively characterized in Caucasian individuals; however, drug disposition, treatment response and tolerability can vary among ethnic groups, and these variations are difficult to predict.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of aliskiren in healthy Chinese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. On day -1, subjects were randomized to one of four cohorts (aliskiren 75, 150, 300 or 600 mg). On day 1, eight individuals in each cohort received a single dose of active treatment and two received placebo. Subjects randomized to aliskiren 300 mg received additional once-daily doses on days 5-11 to establish steady-state pharmacokinetics. Subjects receiving aliskiren 75, 150 or 600 mg (cohorts 1, 2 and 4) completed the study at the end of the 96-hour pharmacokinetic assessment period. Subjects receiving aliskiren 300 mg (cohort 3) had additional pharmacokinetic assessments on days 5-15. The study was carried out at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China, and included 40 healthy Chinese subjects. The main outcome measures were the pharmacokinetic parameters for aliskiren, including area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC(infinity)) and maximum plasma concentration (C(max)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aliskiren AUC(infinity) and C(max) increased greater than proportionally across the 8-fold dose range (75-600 mg; mean AUC(infinity) 291-4726 ng x h/mL, mean C(max) 62-699 ng/mL), but a dose-proportional 2-fold increase was observed within the clinically approved dose range (150-300 mg; mean AUC(infinity) 876-1507 ng x h/mL, mean C(max) 137-271 ng/mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At steady state, the mean AUC during the dosage interval (AUC(tau)) for aliskiren 300 mg (1532 +/- 592 ng x h/mL) was similar to the AUC(infinity) observed following a single dose. Aliskiren exhibits similar single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics in Chinese subjects compared with those observed in Caucasian individuals in previous studies.
authors.affiliation: Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: Rajesh S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Karan
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shuyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jianyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Ching-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Suliman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Fayoumi
authors.forename: Venkateswar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jarugula
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Dole
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005650:Fumarates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D055815:Young Adult; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D005650:Fumarates; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors; C446481:aliskiren