title: Estrogen receptor 1, glutathione S-transferase P1, glutathione S-transferase M1, and glutathione S-transferase T1 genes with dysmenorrhea in Korean female adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecologic complaint among adolescent females. We investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms and dysmenorrhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 202 postmenarcheal Korean female adolescents 16-17 yr old participated in this study. Genotyping for glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1), and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) was performed using PCR-based methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PP+Pp genotype of the ESR1 gene was more frequent than pp genotypes in subjects with dysmenorrhea than in subjects without dysmenorrhea (odds ratio=2.440; 95% confidence interval, 1.036-5.753; P=0.040) using an unadjusted univariate logistic regression analysis. The relationship between dysmenorrhea and ESR1 gene polymorphisms remained significant after adjustment for premenstrual syndrome, years elapsed after menarche, and family history of dysmenorrhea. No significant difference was observed between subjects with dysmenorrhea and subjects without dysmenorrhea for polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that ESR1 gene polymorphisms may be associated with dysmenorrhea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Kye-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Se-Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000235:genetics*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D056910:Republic of Korea
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1