title: Identification and assessment of permeability enhancing vehicles for transdermal delivery of glucosamine hydrochloride.
abstract: As an initial step to develop the transdermal delivery system of glucosamine hydrochloride (GL-HCl), the permeation study across the rat skin in vitro was performed to identify the most efficient vehicle with regard to the ability to deliver GL-HCl transdermally. The GL-HCl formulations such as o/w cream, liposome suspension, liposomal gel, and liquid crystalline vehicles were prepared and compared for transdermal flux of GL-HCl. The liquid crystalline vehicles were more effective in increasing the skin permeation of GL-HCl than o/w cream and liposomal vehicles. Of the liquid crystalline vehicles tested, the permeation enhancing ability of the cubic phase was greater than that of the hexagonal phase when the nanoparticle dispersion was used. The skin permeation enhancing ability of the cubic nanoparticles for GL-HCl was further increased by employing both oleic acid and polyethylene glycol 200. Therefore, the cubic liquid crystalline nanodispersion containing oleic acid and PEG 200 can provide a possibility of clinical application of transdermal GL-HCl.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
authors.forename: In Hee
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Sung-Up
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Dae Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Young Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Myung Joo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Kyoung Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yong Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gunho
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Il Young
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jong Hyeok
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jin Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yoon Bae
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Duk Ki
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jaehwi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Wook
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D019301:Oleic Acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D005944:Glucosamine