title: Diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis in Austrian children in 1989-2008: a population-based analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to analyse the prevalence of diabetic onset ketoacidosis (DKA) during a period of 20 years (1989-2008) on a population basis in the whole of Austria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective population-based incidence study (1989-2008) was performed. The registered data set comprised blood glucose, pH, ketonuria and clinical symptoms of DKA at manifestation. DKA was defined as pH < 7.3 and severe DKA as pH < 7.1. Time trends were estimated using linear regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 3331 children <15 years of age (1,797 boys and 1,534 girls) were registered with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Of these, 1,238 (37.2%) presented with DKA, 855 (25.7%) had a mild and 383 (11.5%) a severe form, and one patient died at onset. DKA frequency was negatively associated with age at onset (p < 0.0001). In children <2 years the prevalence was 60%, with a higher risk for girls (70% vs 54% for boys, p < 0.05). Despite a significant increase in diabetes incidence in Austria during the observation period from 8.4 to 18.4/100,000 (p < 0.0001), no significant change in the prevalence of DKA at manifestation was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall frequency of DKA in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in Austria is high and has not changed during the last 20 years despite a clear increase in the manifestation rate. In particular, children less than 2 years of age have a high risk of DKA at onset.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. edith.schober@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schober
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Waldhoer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose