title: IGF-1 can either protect against or increase LPS-induced damage in the developing rat brain.
abstract: Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a major form of brain damage in premature infants. This study was to test whether IGF-1 can prevent PVL-like brain damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the neonatal rat. Intraventricular delivery of LPS resulted in an acute brain inflammatory response, i.e., rapid recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), activation of microglia and astrocytes, and induction of IL-1beta (IL1beta) expression. Brain inflammation was associated with the loss of O4+ preoligodendrocytes (preOLs), a decrease of myelin basic protein (MBP) in the white matter and an increase of pyknotic cells in the cortex. IGF-1 at a low dose significantly prevented LPS-induced deleterious effects without alteration of IL-1beta expression and microglia/astrocytes activation. On the other hand, the low dose of IGF-1 enhanced LPS-induced PMNs recruitment and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and caused intracerebral hemorrhage. At higher doses, co-application of IGF-1 with LPS resulted in a high mortality rate. Brains from the surviving rats showed massive PMN infiltration and intracerebral hemorrhage. However, these adverse effects were not found in rats treated with IGF-1 alone. This study provides the alarming evidence that in an acute inflammatory condition, IGF-1 may have severe, harmful effects on the developing brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Baoying
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Leigh R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Lir-Wan
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Zhengwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Rhodes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007969:Leukomalacia, Periventricular / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I