title: High viremia is associated with high levels of in vivo major histocompatibility complex class I Downregulation in rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239.
abstract: Human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) downregulate major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules from the surface of infected cells. Although this activity is conserved across viral isolates, its importance in AIDS pathogenesis is not clear. We therefore developed an assay to detect the level of MHC-I expression of SIV-infected cells directly ex vivo. Here we show that the extent of MHC-I downregulation is greatest in SIVmac239-infected macaques that never effectively control virus replication. Our results suggest that a high level of MHC-I downregulation is a hallmark of fast disease progression in SIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537061, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: Shari M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Piaskowski
authors.forename: Enrique J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: León
authors.forename: Jessica R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Furlott
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Maness
authors.forename: Kimberly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Weisgrau
authors.forename: Caitlin E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mac Nair
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Loffredo
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Yann C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Klimentidis
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: Eva G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Rakasz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014766:Viremia; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I