title: Synergistic effects of chitosan-guanidine complexes on enhancing antimicrobial activity and wet-strength of paper.
abstract: Chitosan-guanidine complexes were prepared by reacting chitosan and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride or crosslinked polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride in the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinking agent. The complexes, used as functional additives for paper, synergistically improved wet-strength and antimicrobial activities. In comparison with the control sample, the wet/dry strength ratio of hand-sheets treated with the complexes was increased from 2.65% up to 23.3%. The MIC values of the chitosan-PHGH and chitosan-PHGHE complexes against Escherichia coli were 15.6 and 31.2 microg mL(-1), respectively, thus demonstrating excellent antimicrobial activity. Hand-sheets treated with the complexes exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The release of the guanidine polymers included in the complexes was dynamically monitored using UV and the results showed the amount released exceeded 80%. Atomic force microscopy images indicated that the antimicrobial mechanism of the complexes was likely due to membrane damage.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Eng., South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
authors.forename: Shengling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Qiaozhi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Beihai
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Huining
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D019791:Guanidine / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods; D010209:Paper; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D011108:Polymers; D011122:Polyphosphates; D048271:Chitosan; D019791:Guanidine; C005692:triphosphoric acid