title: Pooling raw shell eggs: Salmonella contamination and high risk practices in the United Kingdom food service sector.
abstract: Salmonella contamination of pooled raw shelled egg mix (RSEM) used as an ingredient in lightly cooked or uncooked foods and high-risk kitchen hygiene practices in United Kingdom food service establishments using RSEM were investigated. Samples were collected from 934 premises. Salmonella was found in 1 (0.13%) of 764 RSEM samples, 2 (0.3%) of 726 samples from surfaces where ready-to-eat foods were prepared, and 7 (1.3%) of 550 cleaning cloths. Poor RSEM storage and handling practices were highlighted. Workers in 40% of the premises sampled failed to use designated utensils when RSEM was added to other ingredients, workers in 17% of the premises did not clean surfaces and utensils thoroughly after use with RSEM and before preparing other foods, only 42% of workers washed and dried their hands after handling eggs or RSEM, workers in 41% of the premises did not store RSEM at refrigeration temperature before use, and workers in 8% of the premises added RSEM to cooked rice at the end of cooking when preparing egg fried rice. Take-away premises, especially those serving Chinese cuisine, were least likely to have a documented food safety management system and awareness of the key food safety points concerning the use of RSEM compared with other food service premises (P < 0.0001). Food service businesses using RSEM must be aware of the continuing hazard from Salmonella, must adopt appropriate control measures, and must follow advice provided by national food agencies to reduce the risk of Salmonella infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal, Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London NW9 5EQ, UK. fraser.gormley@hpa.org.uk
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gormley
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Pinna
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLauchlin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000382:microbiology; D004531:Eggs / Q000382:microbiology*; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005522:Food Services / Q000592:standards*; D006235:Hand Disinfection; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development*; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006113:United Kingdom