title: Ventral premotor to primary motor cortical interactions during noxious and naturalistic action observation.
abstract: Within the motor system, cortical areas such as the primary motor cortex (M1) and the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), are thought to be activated during the observation of actions performed by others. However, it is not known how the connections between these areas become active during action observation or whether these connections are modulated by the volitional component induced by the action observed. In this study, using a paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS) method, we evaluated the excitability of PMv-M1 connections during the observation of videos showing a human hand reaching to grasp a ball (naturalistic grasping video) or a switched on soldering iron (noxious grasping video). The results show that the observation of the naturalistic grasping action increased the M1 excitability and changed the strength of the PMv-M1 connections. The observation of the noxious grasping action did not induce any change in the excitability of the PMv-M1 connections throughout the video, but the strength of PMv-M1 connectivity was reduced. These results demonstrate that the PMv-M1 connections are modulated differently depending on whether the action observed would or would not be performed in real life.
authors.affiliation: Facultade de Ciencias do Deporte e a Educación Física (INEF Galicia), Departamento de Educación Física e Deportiva, Avd. Ernesto Che Guevara 121, Pazos-Liáns, 15179 Oleiros, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lago
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Binith
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheeran
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Márquez
authors.forename: Jose Andrés
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ezquerro
authors.forename: Manolo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giraldez
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-del-Olmo
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods