title: A rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method to measure linezolid and daptomycin concentrations in human plasma.
abstract: Daptomycin and linezolid, recently introduced to treat severe Gram-positive infections, are effective against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive microorganisms such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci bacteria that are less sensitive or frankly resistant, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus. However, alteration of their plasma profile has been described in some patients and this may be associated with toxicities or selection of resistant strains. The measurement of plasma concentrations of both drugs may allow the identification of those subjects at major risk of adverse events. Therefore, a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of daptomycin and linezolid was developed and applied in clinical settings. Drugs were extracted from plasma by adding methanol and, after centrifugation, clear supernatants were injected into the high-performance liquid chromatography system. Isocratic elution (1.5 mL/min) was performed using a mobile phase consisting of ammonium phosphate buffer 40 mM, pH 4.0, acetonitrile (70:30, vol/vol) through a BDS C8 Hypersil stationary phase (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 mum); ultraviolet detection was used at 214 nm. Linezolid and daptomycin eluted within 20 minutes from the injection, and mean recoveries ranged between 95.4% and 112.1%, respectively. The method was linear (coefficient of linearity, 0.998-0.999) over the full range of concentrations assayed, from 0.78125 mg/L (limit of quantitation) to 100 mg/L for both drugs. The Sy.x values were equal to 0.25 +/- 0.10 and 0.29 +/- 0.18 mg/L for daptomycin and linezolid, respectively. Precision values were lower than 20% over the entire range of calibration standard, and accuracy was within the range of 80% to 120% for all concentrations. The present method proved to be sensitive and specific to measure daptomycin and linezolid plasma concentrations in patients affected by severe Gram-positive infections, allowing therapeutic drug monitoring in those patients at major risk of severe adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Marialuisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polillo
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tascini
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lastella
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malacarne
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ciofi
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Viaggi
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bocci
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Menichetti
authors.forename: Romano
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Danesi
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Tacca
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Paolo
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D017576:Daptomycin / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000069349:Linezolid; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000097:blood*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D000069349:Linezolid; D017576:Daptomycin