title: Spinal deformity and Parkinson disease: a treatment algorithm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors review the literature on the treatment of spinal deformity in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and formulate a treatment algorithm.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors provide representative cases of patients with PD and spinal deformity who underwent deep brain stimulation (DBS) or spinal surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with PD and spinal deformity who undergo spinal surgery there is a high rate of acute and delayed complications. Patients who undergo DBS, while having significantly fewer complications, often do not regain sagittal balance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cases involving PD and camptocormia have a high rate of complications when spinal surgery is performed. The authors prefer to offer spinal surgery only to patients with coexisting spinal stenosis causing radiculopathy or myelopathy. Patients with PD and camptocormia without spinal stenosis may be considered for DBS, but the results are mixed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Cheerag D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Upadhyaya
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.forename: Praveen V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Mummaneni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D015897:Comorbidity; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D013121:Spinal Curvatures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome