title: The Canadian elder standard - pricing the cost of basic needs for the Canadian elderly.
abstract: We determined the after-tax income required to finance basic needs for Canadian elders living with different circumstances in terms of age, gender, city of residence, household size, homeowner or renter status, means of transportation, and health status. Using 2001 as our base year, we priced the typical expenses for food, shelter, medical, transportation, miscellaneous basic living items and home-based long-term care for elders living in five Canadian cities. This is the first Canadian study of basic living expenses tailored to elders instead of adults in general, prepared on an absolute rather than a relative basis. We also accounted for an individual's unique life circumstances and established the varying effect that they have on the cost of basic expenses, particularly for home care. We found that the maximum Guaranteed Income Supplement and Old Age Security benefit did not meet the cost of basic needs for an elder living in poor circumstances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. BonnieJeanne_MacDonald@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Bonnie-Jeanne
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007183:Income Tax; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000191:economics; D011203:Poverty / Q000145:classification; D012179:Retirement; D012943:Social Security / Q000191:economics*; D012946:Social Welfare; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States