title: Extending a model of precarious employment: A qualitative study of immigrant workers in Spain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the 1980s, changes in the labor market have modified power relations between capital and labor, leading to greater levels of precarious employment among workers. Globalization has led to a growth in migration, as people leave their countries in search of work. We aimed to describe the dimensions of precarious employment for immigrant workers in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative study using analytic induction. Criterion sampling was used to recruit 129 immigrant workers in Spain with documented and undocumented administrative status. Data quality was ensured by triangulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immigrant workers reported that precarious employment is characterized by high job instability, a lack of power for negotiating employment conditions, and defenselessness against high labor demands. They described insufficient wages, long working hours, limited social benefits, and difficulty in exercising their rights. Undocumented workers reported greater defenselessness and worse employment conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study allowed us to describe the dimensions of precarious employment in immigrant workers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Occupational Health Research Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Barcelona, Spain. victoria.porthe@upf.edu
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Porthé
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ahonen
authors.forename: M Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: Andrés Alonso
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Agudelo
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amable
authors.forename: Fernando G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Benavides
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035501:Uncertainty; D055815:Young Adult