title: Direct effect of methylprednisolone on renal sodium and water transport via the principal cells in the kidney.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glucocorticoids influence renal concentrating and diluting ability. We tested the hypothesis that methylprednisolone treatment increased renal water and sodium absorption by increased absorption via the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels and the epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of methylprednisolone was measured during fasting in a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded cross-over study of 15 healthy humans. The subjects received a standardized diet on day 1, fasted on day 2, and received 500 mg methylprednisolone intravenously on day 3. The effect variables were urinary excretions of AQP2 (u-AQP2), urinary excretion of the beta-fraction of the ENaC (u-ENaC(beta)), cAMP (u-cAMP), prostaglandin E(2) (u-PGE(2)), free water clearance (C(H2O)), and fractional excretion of sodium (FE(Na)), and plasma vasopressin (p-AVP), angiotensin II (p-Ang II), aldosterone (p-Aldo), atrial natriuretic peptide (p-ANP), and brain natriuretic peptide (p-BNP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methylprednisolone treatment increased u-AQP2, u-ENaC(beta), and p-AVP significantly, but did not change u-cAMP, c(H2O), and FE(Na). P-ANP increased during methylprednisolone treatment, but after the increase in u-AQP2 and u-ENaC(beta). U-PGE(2), p-Ang II, and p-BNP were unchanged. Heart rate increased and diastolic blood pressure fell.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methylprednisolone increased u-AQP2 and u-ENaC. Neither the AVP-cAMP axis nor changes in the renin-angiotensin-Aldo system, or the natriuretic peptide system seems to bear a causal relationship with the increase in either u-AQP2 or u-ENaC. Most probably, the effect is mediated via a direct effect of methylprednisolone on the principal cells. The lack of decrease in urinary output and sodium reabsorption most likely can be attributed to the diuretic and natriuretic properties of the increased secretion of ANP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Holstebro Hospital, University of Aarhus, Holstebro, Denmark. thomlaur@rm.dk
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Lauridsen
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vase
authors.forename: Jesper N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Bech
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Erling B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood; D051399:Aquaporin 2 / Q000652:urine; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D011674:Pulse; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D051399:Aquaporin 2; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels; D000804:Angiotensin II; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D000450:Aldosterone; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D012964:Sodium; D012083:Renin; D008775:Methylprednisolone