title: Bilateral communication between plastid and the nucleus: plastid protein import and plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling.
abstract: Plastids are a diverse group of organelles found in plants and some parasites. Chloroplasts are the archetypical plastids and are present in photosynthetic plant cells. Because most plastid proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome, plastid biogenesis relies on importing these proteins into the plastid. On the other hand, changes in functional or metabolic states of plastids have been known to affect the expression of nuclear genes encoding plastid proteins, and are collectively called "plastid signals." This regulation is also important for maintaining plastid function. This review focuses on the roles of these anterograde and retrograde pathways in plastid biogenesis and environmental adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Organization, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan. tinaba@cc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takehito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inaba
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018087:Plastids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D055571:Secretory Pathway; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D045725:Tetrapyrroles / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D020418:Algal Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D045725:Tetrapyrroles