title: Critical evaluation of Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) by NanoSight for the measurement of nanoparticles and protein aggregates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) technique, compare it with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and test its performance in characterizing drug delivery nanoparticles and protein aggregates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard polystyrene beads of sizes ranging from 60 to 1,000 nm and physical mixtures thereof were analyzed with NTA and DLS. The influence of different ratios of particle populations was tested. Drug delivery nanoparticles and protein aggregates were analyzed by NTA and DLS. Live monitoring of heat-induced protein aggregation was performed with NTA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NTA was shown to accurately analyze the size distribution of monodisperse and polydisperse samples. Sample visualization and individual particle tracking are features that enable a thorough size distribution analysis. The presence of small amounts of large (1,000 nm) particles generally does not compromise the accuracy of NTA measurements, and a broad range of population ratios can easily be detected and accurately sized. NTA proved to be suitable to characterize drug delivery nanoparticles and protein aggregates, complementing DLS. Live monitoring of heat-induced protein aggregation provides information about aggregation kinetics and size of submicron aggregates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NTA is a powerful characterization technique that complements DLS and is particularly valuable for analyzing polydisperse nanosized particles and protein aggregates.
authors.affiliation: Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vasco
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Filipe
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hawe
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiskoot
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000737:chemistry; D008027:Light; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010316:Particle Size; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012984:Software; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011137:Polystyrenes; D011506:Proteins