title: Susceptibility of Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to two new reduced-risk insecticides.
abstract: The response of field-collected populations of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, spinosad, and azinphosmethyl was assessed using a diet incorporation bioassay. Populations of obliquebanded leafroller were collected from nine orchards in Chelan, Douglas, Grant, and Okanogan counties of Washington. The neonates of the F1 or F2 generation were used in all assays. The parameters of probit regression lines were estimated and lethal concentration ratios were calculated for all populations compared with a susceptible laboratory population. Significant variation was detected in response to all four insecticides including chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram, which had never been used in the field, lethal concentration ratios were 3.9-39.7 for azinphosmethyl, 0.5-3.6 for spinosad, 1.2-5.3 for chlorantraniliprole, and 0.5-4.1 for spinetoram. Correlation analysis indicated possibility of cross-resistance between spinosad and spinetoram, which are both members of spinosyn class. The occurrence of low but significant levels of resistance against chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram in field-collected populations of C. rosaceana before their first field application indicates that the risk of resistance evolution against these two new reduced-risk insecticides exists. However, it is likely that these low levels of resistance can be managed if the insecticides are used judiciously in conjunction with sound resistance management programs. Implications of these results for developing and implementing resistance management strategies are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, 1100 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA. ashfaqsial@wsu.edu
authors.forename: Ashfaq A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sial
authors.forename: Jay F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Doerr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D018942:Macrolides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects*; D012621:Seasons; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C517733:chlorantranilipole; C548262:spinetoram