title: Polysomnography evaluation and swallowing endoscopy of patients with Pierre Robin sequence.
abstract: The Pierre Robin sequence is characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis and upper airway obstruction. Symptom severity varies, and this makes the treatment of these patients a true challenge.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to identify the presence of sleep hypopnea-apnea in patients with Pierre-Robin sequence.
  
  
  METHODS
  retrospective study in which we assessed 14 children with Pierre-Robin sequence, eight girls. The children were submitted to swallowing video-endoscopy study and polysomnography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  eight patients were included in this study. Six had normal polysomnography and only one patient had mild central hypopnea-apnea. Swallowing video-endoscopy was normal in five patients and moderate dysphagia was detected in three patients, who were then submitted to gastrostomy. Mandible distraction was carried out in four patients who were also submitted to tracheostomy during the same procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  dysphagia was more prevalent than sleep apnea. Swallowing video-endoscopy proved to be a dynamic test and one able to detect feeding disorders in patients with Pierre Robin sequence.
authors.affiliation: Skull-Maxillofacial Surgery and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School. carlosdiogenes@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Carlos Diógenes
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Pinheiro Neto
authors.forename: Nivaldo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Luiz Ubirajara
authors.initials: LU
authors.lastname: Sennes
authors.forename: Dov Charles
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
authors.forename: Patrícia de Paula
authors.initials: Pde P
authors.lastname: Santoro
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology