title: Comparison of batch mode and dynamic physiologically based bioaccessibility tests for PAHs in soil samples.
abstract: A fed state in vitro methodology capable of use in commercial testing laboratories has been developed for measuring the human ingestion bioaccessibility of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil (Fed ORganic Estimation human Simulation Test- FOREhST). The protocol for measuring PAHs in the simulated gastro-intestinal fluids used methanolic KOH saponification followed by a combination of polymeric sorbent solid phase extraction and silica sorbent cartridges for sample cleanup and preconcentration. The analysis was carried out using high pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The repeatability of the method, assessed by the measurement of the bioaccessibility of 6 PAHs (benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[ah]anthracene, and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene) in eleven gas works soils, was approximately 10% RSD. The method compared well with the results from an independent dynamic human simulation reactor comprising of the stomach, duodenal and colon compartments tested on the same soils. The measured bioaccessible fraction of the soils varied from 10-60% for soils containing 10-300 mg kg(-1) PAH (the sum of the six studied) with total organic carbon concentrations in the soils ranging from 1-13%. A multiple regression model showed that the PAH bioaccessible fraction could be explained using the PAH compound, the soil type and the total PAH to soil organic carbon content. The method described here has potential for site specific detailed quantitative risk assessment either to modify the risk estimation or to contribute to the risk evaluation.
authors.affiliation: British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, United Kingdom. m.cave@bgs.ac.uk
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cave
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wragg
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Vane
authors.forename: Tom Van de
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Wiele
authors.forename: Eva De
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Groeve
authors.forename: C Paul
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Nathanail
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashmore
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Paddy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Daly
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008954:Models, Biological; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012987:Soil