Antineoplastic chemotherapy induced QTc prolongation.
Anticancer drugs are sometimes associated with QT prolongation. Classical, new and candidate agents to treat cancer may affect ventricular repolarization through a set of different mechanisms. Interference on human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium ion channels (HERG K+) seems to be a common mechanism for many of these drugs. Anthracycline chemotherapy is associated with electrocardiographic alterations including prolongation of QT interval, development of ventricular late potentials and various arrhythmias. The effects of the interaction of anthracyclines with the monoclonal antibody against HER2/neu (Erb-2) trastuzumab could potentiate the cardiotoxic effects. Electrocardiographic changes have been also reported with the use of 5-fluorouracil. QTc alterations have also been reported with some platinum compounds. Taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) have also been associated with cardiotoxicity, promoting both bradi- and tachyarrhythmias and other cardiac disturbances. Among the newest compounds, symptomatic or asymptomatic QTc aberrations were reported with multitargeted tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, anti HERG2, anti-VEGF, vascular disruption agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Patients with cancer are at increased risk of sudden death due to severe cardiac arrhythmias because of the high prevalence of predisposing risk factors such as electrolytic abnormalities, starvation and concomitant medications. The use of specific anticancer drug that may prolong the QT interval need to be properly evaluated in each case to reduce this risk.
Bagnes
Claudia
C
Oncology Unit. Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General de Agudos Enrique Tornu, Buenos Aires, Argentina. claudiabagnes@gmail.com
Panchuk
Patricia Natalia
PN
Recondo
Gonzalo
G
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D004562:Electrocardiography; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D016171:Torsades de Pointes / Q000139:chemically induced
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; C000606913:KCNH2 protein, human