title: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester triggers apoptosis through induction of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in CCRF-CEM cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester) is one of the most valuable and investigated component of propolis which is composed by honeybees. In the current study, we aimed at examining apoptotic effects of CAPE on CCRF-CEM leukemic cells and at determining the roles of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in cell death.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trypan blue and XTT methods were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity. Apoptosis was examined by ELISA-based oligonucleotide and acridine orange/ethidium bromide dye techniques. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated using JC-1 dye by flow cytometric analysis and under fluorescent microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected the time- and dose-dependent increases in cytotoxic effect of CAPE on CCRF-CEM cells. ELISA and acridine orange/ethidium bromide results showed that apoptotic cell population increased significantly in CCRF-CEM cells exposed to increasing concentrations of CAPE. On the other hand, there was significant loss of MMP determined in response to CAPE in CCRF-CEM cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This in vitro data by being supported with clinical data may open the way of the potential use of CAPE for the treatment of leukemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cığır Biray
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Avcı
authors.forename: Cumhur
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gündüz
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baran
authors.forename: Fahri
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Sunde
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.forename: Zeynep Ozlem
authors.initials: ZO
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: Güray
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saydam
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016923:Cell Death; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002109:Caffeic Acids; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol