title: Indoor air in beauty salons and occupational health exposure of cosmetologists to chemical substances.
abstract: The indoor environment in four beauty salons located in Athens (Greece) was examined in order to investigate the occupational health exposure of cosmetologists to various chemical products typically used in their work. Chemical substances chosen for investigation were volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde, ozone and carbon dioxide. Total VOCs levels measured showed significant variation (100-1,450 microg m(-3)) depending on the products used and the number of treatments carried out, as well as ventilation. The main VOCs found in the salons were aromatics (toluene, xylene), esters and ketones (ethyl acetate, acetone, etc.) which are used as solvents in various beauty products; terpenes (pinene, limonene, camphor, menthenol) which have a particular odor and others like camphor which have specific properties. Ozone concentrations measured in all salons were quite low (0.1 and 13.3 microg m(-3)) and formaldehyde concentrations detected were lower than the detection limit of the method in all salons (<0.05 ppm). Carbon dioxide levels ranged between 402 and 1,268 ppm, depending on the number of people present in the salons during measurements and ventilation. Cosmetologists may be exposed to high concentrations of a mixture of volatile organic compounds although these levels could be decreased significantly by following certain practices such as good ventilation of the areas, closing the packages of the beauty products when not in use and finally selecting safer beauty products without strong odor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aesthetics and Cosmetology, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, 12210 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsigonia
authors.forename: Argyro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lagoudi
authors.forename: Stavroula
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chandrinou
authors.forename: Athena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linos
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Evlogias
authors.forename: Evangelos C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Alexopoulos
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D001505:Beauty Culture; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010126:Ozone