title: Localised microsphaeropsis arundinis infection of the subcutis of a cat.
abstract: CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS: An 11-year-old spayed domestic crossbred cat was presented for two focal lesions affecting the subcutis that developed 3 weeks after a cat fight. Lesions consisted of swelling of the subcutaneous tissues over the bridge of the nose and a focal swelling of the dewclaw pad of the left thoracic limb. Both lesions were attributable to localised infections with the unusual fungal pathogen Microsphaeropsis arundinis, based on direct microscopy of smear cytology, histology, fungal culture, internal transcribed spacer-polymerase chain reaction (ITS-PCR) and sequence analysis of formalin-fixed tissue and colonial material from primary culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dewclaw pad lesion resolved following cytoreductive surgery and a course of itraconazole (50 mg once daily). The nasal bridge lesion was treated in a similar fashion, except that a range of different antifungal agents (itraconazole, fluconazole, posaconazole) were used, administered sequentially. Despite this, the infection recurred on three subsequent occasions, and the cat has been prescribed indefinite azole therapy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This report of a refractory localised infection of the subcutis in an apparently immune-competent cat illustrates the value of using a mycology reference laboratory, and PCR and sequence analysis for organism identification, and the therapeutic potential of new antifungal agents such as posaconazole.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, B14, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Krockenberger
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Catriona
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Halliday
authors.forename: Terry L W
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Rothwell
authors.forename: Kelvin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002415:Cats; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017964:Itraconazole