title: Activation of p44/42 MAPK plays a role in the TBT-induced loss of human natural killer (NK) cell function.
abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells destroy (lyse) tumor cells, virally infected cells, and antibody-coated cells. Previous studies indicated that exposure to the environmental contaminant tributyltin (TBT) decreases the lytic function of NK cells and activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), including p44/42 (Aluoch and Whalen Toxicology 209:263-277, 2005). If activation of p44/42 is required for TBT-induced decreases of lytic function, then activation of p44/42 to similar extents by pharmacological agents such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) should mimic to some extent changes induced in NK cells with TBT exposures. NK cells were exposed to PMA concentrations between 0.25 and 10 nM for 10 min, 1 h, and 6 h before determining the lytic function ((51)Cr release assay) and phosphorylation state of MAPKs (Western blot). A 1-h exposure of NK cells to 5 nM PMA resulted in a loss of lytic function of 47%. Western blot analysis showed that a 1-h exposure to 5 nM PMA caused a sixfold increase in phospho-p44/42 levels. Previous studies showed a fivefold increase in phospho-p44/42 in response to a 1-h exposure to 300 nM TBT. Exposure to 300 nM TBT caused about a 40% decrease in lytic function. This study supports the hypothesis that p44/42 activation (as seen with TBT exposures) can cause a loss of NK-cell lytic function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
authors.forename: Fred D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Dudimah
authors.forename: Denisha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Griffey
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Whalen
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; C011559:tributyltin; C016658:phorbolol myristate acetate; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate