title: Laparoscopic Ladd's procedure: treatment of choice for midgut malrotation in infants and children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rotational anomalies of the midgut encompass a broad spectrum of incomplete rotational events with malfixation of the intestines during fetal development. Ladd's procedure, as a correction of these anomalies, has traditionally been performed by laparotomy. In our institution, the laparoscopic Ladd's (LL) procedure was introduced in May 2004 and soon became the standard approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of all Ladd's procedures in children in our institution between September 1998 and June 2008 was performed. Outcomes between the open (OL) and LL procedures were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 156 children underwent Ladd's procedure during the study period. There were 120 open and 36 laparoscopic procedures. Overall, 75% of patients in each group were symptomatic, most commonly with emesis and pain. Duration of surgery was similar in both groups. Time to starting feeds, and amount of time to attain full feeding, was significantly less in the LL group. Postoperative length of stay was significantly less in the patients having LL. Conversion rate to OL from LL was 8.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LL can be performed safely in selected patients with no increase in complications. Short-term results are superior to OL and can be achieved without any increase in operative duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Children's Hospital of Illinois, Peoria, IL 61603, USA. amy.b.stanfill@osfhealthcare.org
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Stanfill
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Pearl
authors.forename: Kavitha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalvakuri
authors.forename: Lizabeth J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Ravindra K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Vegunta
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D045822:Intestinal Volvulus / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007902:Length of Stay; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome