title: In ovo nanoinjection of triclosan, diclofenac and carbamazepine affects embryonic development of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes).
abstract: We examined the toxicity of three pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) - triclosan (TCS), diclofenac (DCF), and carbamazepine (CBMZ) - on embryonic development of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) using in ovo nanoinjection. Medaka eggs (8h post-fertilization; late blastula stage) were injected with 0.5nL of triolein (vehicle control) or 0.5nL of PPCPs, using different doses of TCS (1, 5, or 9ng), DCF (1, 5, or 12ng), or CBMZ (1, 5, or 12ng) per egg in triolein, in addition to uninjected control. Following injection, we recorded survival, embryonic lesions, delay in embryonic development (eye, embryonic body and internal organs), heart beat rate, hatchability, and hatching time of embryos and upward swimming of larvae. As a result, injected PPCPs caused toxic responses to medaka embryos during embryonic development and around the day of hatching. Based on estimated EC(50) values of PPCPs doses on survival of injected embryos at hatching, TCS (at a dose of 4.2ngegg(-1)) was generally more toxic to medaka embryos, followed by DCF (6.0ngegg(-1)), and CBMZ (13.1ngegg(-1)). We conclude that the nanoinjection medaka embryos model is a valuable tool for analyzing the effects of chemicals on the development of fish embryos and feasibility of nanoinjecting PPCPs into small fish eggs perhaps mimicking early exposure resulting from oocyte uptake of contaminants from maternal extra gonadal tissues.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nassef
authors.forename: Sang Gyoon
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Ik Joon
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hano
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimasaki
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000633:toxicity*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000633:toxicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D007267:Injections; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000187:drug effects; D036103:Nanotechnology; D009990:Oryzias / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014260:Triclosan / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004008:Diclofenac; D002220:Carbamazepine; D014260:Triclosan