title: Redundancy in the immune system restricts the spread of HSV-1 in the central nervous system (CNS) of C57BL/6 mice.
abstract: Resistance to lethal encephalitis in mice infected with HSV-1 via the oral mucosa is mouse strain dependent. In susceptible BALB/c, HSV-1 spreads throughout the CNS but in resistant BL/6 mice, virus is restricted to the brainstem. To examine the contribution of cellular immunity in restricting viral spread, we used a combination of antibody depleted and KO mice. Individually, NK/NKT, iNKT, CD4(+), CD8(+), and gammadelta T-cells do not restrict HSV-1 spread. In contrast, virus spreads throughout the CNS of BL/6 CL I KO mice and BL/6 mice treated with either anti-asialoGM1 Ab or both anti-CD8 and anti-NK1.1 mAbs. The results highlight the importance of redundancy in the immune system in restricting viral spread in the CNS, argue for a role of NK/NKT and CD8(+) T-cells in mediating the restriction, and provide a hierarchical order of the individual elements in controlling virus in BL/6 mice infected with HSV-1 via the oral mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3. lornefk@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Lorne F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Kastrukoff
authors.forename: Allen S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: Claerwen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Sally R M
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Francis R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Carbone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000821:virology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000276:immunology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D019562:Viral Load