title: Phase II trial of gemcitabine, irinotecan, and celecoxib in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been shown to be expressed in a variety of tumors including pancreatic cancer. The combination of gemcitabine and irinotecan is active in pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine the toxicity and response rate to the addition of the selective oral COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, to gemcitabine and irinotecan in patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with previously untreated inoperable pancreatic cancer were entered on this trial. Seven patients had localized disease, 8 had metastatic disease, and 6 patients were inevaluable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty percent of the patients had a partial response and 80% of the patients had a stable response with a median response rate of 9 months. The median overall survival was 18 months with 80% of the patients achieving 1-year survival and 20% achieving 2-year survival. Using the FACT-PA scale to measure the quality of life (QOL), 13 of the 15 patients reported an improvement in their QOL and 2 patients reported no change. The median CA19-9 levels for the 13 patients with measurable CA19-9 values, decreased by 71% by cycle 2. Adverse events were acceptable and included neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, fatigue, and anemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of gemcitabine, irinotecan, and celecoxib is an active therapy for inoperable pancreatic cancer. A marked reduction in CA19-9 is observed in all evaluable patients by cycle 2. Toxicity is tolerable and a majority of patients reported a decrease in pain and a significant improvement in their QOL.
authors.affiliation: The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center/Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA. alipton@psu.edu
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lipton
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campbell-Baird
authors.forename: Lois
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Witters
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Suhail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068579:Celecoxib; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077146:Irinotecan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000077146:Irinotecan; D000068579:Celecoxib; D002166:Camptothecin; D000093542:Gemcitabine