title: Infrequent internalization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 into field-grown leafy greens.
abstract: Several sources of contamination of fresh produce by Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) have been identified and include contaminated irrigation water and improperly composted animal waste; however, field studies evaluating the potential for internalization of O157 into leafy greens from these sources have not been conducted. Irrigation water inoculated with green fluorescent plasmid-labeled Shiga toxin-negative strains (50 ml of 10(2), 10(4), or 10(6) CFU of O157 per ml) was applied to soil at the base of spinach plants of different maturities in one field trial. In a second trial, contaminated compost (1.8 kg of 10(3) or 10(5) CFU of O157 per g) was applied to field plots (0.25 by 3.0 m) prior to transplantation of spinach, lettuce, or parsley plants. E. coli O157:H7 persisted in the soil up to harvest (day 76 posttransplantation) following application of contaminated irrigation water; however, internalized O157 was not detected in any spinach leaves or in roots exposed to O157 during the early or late growing season. Internalized O157 was detected in root samples collected 7 days after plants were contaminated in mid-season, with 5 of 30 samples testing positive for O157 by enrichment; however, O157 was not detected by enrichment in surface-disinfected roots on days 14 or 22. Roots and leaves from transplanted spinach, lettuce, and parsley did not internalize O157 for up to 50 days in the second trial. These results indicate that internalization of O157 via plant roots in the field is rare and when it does occur, O157 does not persist 7 days later.
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223, USA. mericks@uga.edu
authors.forename: Marilyn C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: Cathy C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Diaz-Perez
authors.forename: Sharad C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Phatak
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Silvoy
authors.forename: Lindsey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.forename: Alison S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Payton
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Doyle
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000254:growth & development*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D018545:Lactuca / Q000382:microbiology; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology; D028528:Petroselinum / Q000382:microbiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000382:microbiology; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D008372:Manure