title: Sanguinarine as a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2C in vitro and induces apoptosis via phosphorylation of p38 in HL60 cells.
abstract: Sanguinarine, a plant alkaloid, was identified as a potent and specific protein phosphatase (PP) 2C inhibitor. It inhibited PP2C competitively with respect to alpha-casein (Ki=0.68 microM) and showed selectivity for PP2C as compared with PP1, PP2A, and PP2B in vitro. In vivo, sanguinarine showed cytotoxicity toward human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60, with an IC(50) value of 0.37 microM, and induced apoptosis through a caspase-3/7-dependent mechanism involving the phosphorylation of p38, a PP2Calpha substrate. The apoptosis activity induced by sanguinarine was partially inhibited by a p38 inhibitor, SB203580, and was involved in the phospho-p38 protein in HL60 cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aburai
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D053119:Benzophenanthridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D007546:Isoquinolines; D011725:Pyridines; C005705:sanguinarine; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C000607456:PPM1A protein, human; C000607457:PPM1B protein, human; C000607460:PPM1G protein, human; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; C093642:SB 203580