title: Visual influences on alignment to voice onset time.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Speech shadowing experiments were conducted to test whether alignment (inadvertent imitation) to voice onset time (VOT) can be influenced by visual speech information.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiment 1 examined whether alignment would occur to auditory /pa/ syllables manipulated to have 3 different VOTs. Nineteen female participants were asked to listen to 180 syllables over headphones and to say each syllable out loud quickly and clearly. In Experiment 2, visual speech tokens composed of a face articulating /pa/ syllables at 2 different rates were dubbed onto the audio /pa/ syllables of Experiment 1. Sixteen new female participants were asked to listen to and watch (over a video monitor) 180 syllables and to say each syllable out loud quickly and clearly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of Experiment 1 showed that the 3 VOTs of the audio /pa/ stimuli influenced the VOTs of the participants' produced syllables. Results of Experiment 2 revealed that both the visible syllable rate and audio VOT of the audiovisual /pa/ stimuli influenced the VOTs of the participants' produced syllables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that, like auditory speech, visual speech information can induce speech alignment to a phonetically relevant property of an utterance.
authors.affiliation: University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Kauyumari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Rosenblum
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008085:Lipreading; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D013060:Speech; D013067:Speech Perception; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013997:Time Factors; D014741:Video Recording; D014796:Visual Perception