TARPs differentially decorate AMPA receptors to specify neuropharmacology.
Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) are the first identified auxiliary subunits for a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Although initial studies found that stargazin, the prototypical TARP, principally chaperones AMPA receptors, subsequent research demonstrated that it also regulates AMPA receptor kinetics and synaptic waveforms. Recent studies have identified a diverse collection of TARP isoforms--types Ia, Ib II--that distinctly regulate AMPA receptor trafficking, gating and neuropharmacology. These TARP isoforms are heterogeneously expressed in specific neuronal populations and can differentially sculpt synaptic transmission and plasticity. Whole-genome analyses also link multiple TARP loci to childhood epilepsy, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. TARPs emerge as vital components of excitatory synapses that participate both in signal transduction and in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Kato
Akihiko S
AS
Department of Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0510, USA.
Gill
Martin B
MB
Yu
Hong
H
Nisenbaum
Eric S
ES
Bredt
David S
DS
D000818:Animals; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009480:Neuropharmacology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology
D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C413185:TARP