title: Exposure to smoking in movies among British adolescents 2001-2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate youth exposure to smoking in movies in the UK and compare the likely effect with the USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected tobacco occurrences data for 572 top-grossing films in the UK screened from 2001 to 2006 and estimated the number of on-screen tobacco impressions delivered to British youths in this time period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  91% of films in our sample that contained smoking were youth-rated films (British Board of Film Classification rating '15' and lower), delivering at least 1.10 billion tobacco impressions to British youths during theatrical release. British youths were exposed to 28% more smoking impressions in UK youth-rated movies than American youth-rated movies, because 79% of movies rated for adults in the USA ('R') are classified as suitable for youths in the UK ('15' or '12A').
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because there is a dose-response relation between the amount of on-screen exposure to smoking and the likelihood that adolescents will begin smoking, the fact that there is substantially higher exposure to smoking in youth-rated films in the UK than in the USA suggests that the fraction of all youth smoking because of films in the UK is probably larger than in the USA. Other countries with ratings systems that are less conservative (in terms of language and sexuality) than the USA will also be likely to deliver more on-screen tobacco impressions to youths. Assigning an '18' classification to movies that contain smoking would substantially reduce youth exposure to on-screen smoking and, hence, smoking initiation among British youths.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Stacey J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Millett
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Polansky
authors.forename: Stanton A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Glantz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007100:Imitative Behavior; D009040:Motion Pictures; D012907:Smoking; D012925:Social Conformity; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000209:etiology; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States