title: Hürthle cell neoplasm: correlation of gray-scale and power Doppler sonographic findings with gross pathology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To describe gray-scale and power Doppler (PD) sonographic (US) findings of Hürthle cell neoplasms (HCNs) of the thyroid gland, and to determine if there is any correlation between US and gross pathologic features.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included 30 pathologically proven HCNs in 30 subjects who underwent preoperative gray-scale and PD US examinations. The size, shape, margin, echogenicity, echotexture, presence or absence of cystic change, calcifications and halo sign, and vascularity at PD US were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The longest diameter of HCNs ranged from 12 mm to 63 mm. The shape and margins of the mass were ovoid and smooth, respectively, in all cases. The echogenicity was hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyperechoic, or mixed in 43.3%, 33.3%, 10.0%, and 13.3%, respectively. The echotexture was heterogeneous in 73.3% and homogeneous in 26.7%. Cystic change was present in 56.7% and involved less than 25% of the volume of the mass in 50.0% and 26-50% of the volume in 6.7%. Coarse calcifications were present in 20.0%. Halo sign was present in all cases. The vascularity was combined peri- and intranodular in all cases: predominantly intranodular in 50.0%, predominantly perinodular in 46.7%, and of the "inferno" type in 3.3%. All HCNs were encapsulated on gross pathologic examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although many of the US features we observed were nonspecific, HCNs tend to have a halo sign and combined peri- and intranodular vascularity on US, which raises the possibility of an association. The US halo sign corresponds to tumor capsule ongross pathologic examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Kwon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Byung Hak
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Rho
authors.forename: Seong-Ku
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D018249:Adenoma, Oxyphilic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*