title: The twin-pass dual access catheter for assessment of the no-reflow phenomenon.
abstract: The absence of antegrade flow in a coronary artery during an intervention is an ominous finding requiring diagnosis of the underlying cause and rapid treatment to limit myocardial necrosis. The Twin-Pass dual access catheter allows for distal coronary contrast injection without loss of wire position. The aim of this analysis was to determine the opacification and flow features of patients with abrupt arrest of antegrade flow to determine the underlying pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coronary angiograms of patients with abrupt arrest of antegrade flow during an intervention that underwent distal vessel contrast injection with the Twin-Pass catheter were retrospectively analyzed for five features: antegrade flow, retrograde flow, myocardial blush, presence of contrast stasis in the vessel wall and evidence of an intraluminal filling defect. The features were then correlated with the underlying pathological process and treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients underwent distal contrast injections. Four specific pathological processes were identified: presence of a proximal occlusive lesion; no-reflow due to distal vascular bed dysfunction; long dissection of the vessel with the distal wire residing in the true lumen or alternatively in the dissection plane. The patients were treated according to the pathology with stenting, intracoronary adenosine or wire repositioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distal vessel contrast injection using the Twin-Pass catheter in the presence of no-reflow is a simple and rapid technique that allows for the definition of four distinct clinical scenarios. This allows for rapid treatment of the underlying pathological process, reducing the period of end-organ ischemia, limiting occasional unnecessary stent deployment and further improving procedural results.
authors.affiliation: Director of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. meerkin@szmc.org.il
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meerkin
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balkin
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tzivoni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D054059:Coronary Occlusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004617:Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media