title: The role of kidney biopsy in heart transplant candidates with kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kidney disease is common in patients with advanced heart failure and can result from intrinsic parenchymal disease or to reversible hemodynamic factors. Distinguishing the two is difficult but is important when selecting patients who will benefit from combined heart and kidney transplantation (HKT) versus heart transplantation (OHT) alone. The goal of this study was to characterize kidney biopsy findings in this population and follow the outcome of patients based on the biopsy results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty heart transplant candidates with an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 40 mL/min or proteinuria greater than 500 mg/day or a history of amyloidosis underwent kidney biopsies between June 2001 and March 2009. The renal pathologic diagnosis as well as the percent tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis on renal biopsy were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate at the time of evaluation for heart transplant did not correlate with the degree of fibrosis on biopsy. On the basis of the biopsy results, nine patients were listed for OHT and eight patients were listed for HKT. One patient originally triaged to receive OHT and was listed for HKT due to subsequent worsening of renal function. Eight patients received OHT, none required dialysis during a median follow-up period of 18 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal biopsy provides useful diagnostic information to differentiate intrinsic renal disease from renal hypoperfusion and helps guide the decision for OHT alone versus combined HKT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Labban
authors.forename: Neiha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Restaino
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valeri
authors.forename: Jai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014850:Waiting Lists