title: Prevalence of left ventricular regional dysfunction in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: a tagged MRI study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) predominantly affects the right ventricle (RV), genetic/molecular and histological changes are biventricular. Regional left ventricular (LV) function has not been systematically studied in ARVD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population included 21 patients with suspected ARVD who underwent evaluation with MRI including tagging. Eleven healthy volunteers served as control subjects. Peak systolic regional circumferential strain (Ecc, %) was calculated by harmonic phase from tagged MRI based on the 16-segment model. Patients who met ARVD Task Force criteria were classified as definite ARVD, whereas patients with a positive family history who had 1 additional minor criterion and patients without a family history with 1 major or 2 minor criteria were classified as probable ARVD. Of the 21 ARVD subjects, 11 had definite ARVD and 10 had probable ARVD. Compared with control subjects, probable ARVD patients had similar RV ejection fraction (58.9+/-6.2% versus 53.5+/-7.6%, P=0.20), but definite ARVD patients had significantly reduced RV ejection fraction (58.9+/-6.2% versus 45.2+/-6.0%, P=0.001). LV ejection fraction was similar in all 3 groups. Compared with control subjects, peak systolic Ecc was significantly less negative in 6 of 16 (37.5%) segments in definite ARVD and 3 of 16 segments (18.7%) in probable ARVD (all P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ARVD is associated with regional LV dysfunction, which appears to parallel degree of RV dysfunction. Further large studies are needed to validate this finding and to better define implications of subclinical segmental LV dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Monda L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Shehata
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stuber
authors.forename: Seth J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Calkins
authors.forename: João A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bluemke
authors.forename: Harikrishna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tandri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019571:Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D015995:Prevalence; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA