title: An analysis of neonatal risk factors associated with the development of ophthalmologic problems at infancy and early childhood: a study of premature infants born at or before 32 weeks of gestation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the frequency of ophthalmologic problems and the risk factors that affect the occurrence of these problems in premature newborns with a gestational age of 32 weeks or less.
  
  
  METHODS
  Premature newborns observed at a neonatal intensive care unit between January 2002 and March 2006 were included. A control visit including an ophthalmologic examination was performed at 10 months of age or later. Primary ocular morbidities were studied, and the association between these parameters and prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal characteristics were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 169 premature newborns were included in the study, and they were examined at a mean age of 25.85 ± 11.79 months (range: 10 to 42 months). There was complete vision loss (blindness) in 1 (0.6%) case, strabismus in 15 (8.9%) cases, and refractive errors in 10 (5.9%) cases. Twenty (77%) cases with any abnormality and 50 (35%) cases with a normal examination at follow-up had a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at any stage during the neonatal period (P = .001). Short gestational age (P = .018), low birth weight (P = .002), and the presence of ROP requiring retinal surgery during the neonatal period (P = .007) were determined to be significant risk factors for the development of vision loss, strabismus, and refractive errors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonates with a gestational age of 32 weeks or less, especially those younger than 30 weeks, should not only be screened for ROP in the neonatal period, but should also have regular follow-up examinations to check for the development of other ophthalmologic problems during infancy and early childhood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. msaldir@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saldir
authors.forename: Serdar Umit
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Sarici
authors.forename: Fatih Mehmet
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Mutlu
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mocan
authors.forename: Halil Ibrahim
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Altinsoy
authors.forename: Okan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozcan
mesh_terms: D001766:Blindness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D015351:Vision Screening