title: The transcriptome of Populus in elevated CO reveals increased anthocyanin biosynthesis during delayed autumnal senescence.
abstract: *The delay in autumnal senescence that has occurred in recent decades has been linked to rising temperatures. Here, we suggest that increasing atmospheric CO2 may partly account for delayed autumnal senescence and for the first time, through transcriptome analysis, identify gene expression changes associated with this delay. *Using a plantation of Populus x euramericana grown in elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) with free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology, we investigated the molecular and biochemical basis of this response. A Populus cDNA microarray was used to identify genes representing multiple biochemical pathways influenced by e[CO2] during senescence. Gene expression changes were confirmed through real-time quantitative PCR, and leaf biochemical assays. *Pathways for secondary metabolism and glycolysis were significantly up-regulated by e[CO2] during senescence, in particular, those related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) representing the two most significantly up-regulated transcripts in e[CO2], LDOX (leucoanthocyanidin dioxgenase) and DFR (dihydroflavonol reductase), gave (e[CO2]/ambient CO(2) (a[CO2])) expression ratios of 39.6 and 19.3, respectively. *We showed that in e[CO2] there was increased autumnal leaf sugar accumulation and up-regulation of genes determining anthocyanin biosynthesis which, we propose, prolongs leaf longevity during natural autumnal senescence.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science, Bassett Crescent East, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tallis
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Street
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miglietta
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Karnosky
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Angelis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calfapietra
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects*; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D032107:Populus / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012621:Seasons; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D002241:Carbohydrates; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002248:Carbon Monoxide