title: Differential benefits of memory training for minority older adults in the SeniorWISE study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cognitive training improves mental abilities in older adults, but the benefit to minority elders is unclear. We conducted a subgroup analysis of subjects in the SeniorWISE (Wisdom Is Simply Exploration) trial to examine this issue.
  
  
  METHODS
  SeniorWISE was a Phase 3 randomized trial that enrolled 265 nondemented community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older between 2001 and 2006. Participants were randomly assigned to 12 hr of either memory or health training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample was 79% female, 71% Caucasian, 17% Hispanic, and 12% African American. On the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT), 28% of the sample scored normal, 47% scored poor, and 25% impaired. Memory performance changed differently over time depending on the demographic characteristics of participants. Both Hispanics and Blacks performed better than Whites on visual memory, and Blacks performed better over time on instrumental activities of daily living. On all performance measures, lower pretest scores were associated with relatively greater improvements over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analyses suggested that minority participants received differential benefits from the memory training; however, this remains speculative because the 3 ethnic groups in the sample were not equivalent in size. The question of why Black and Hispanic participants often made greater improvements needs further exploration.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78701, USA. gmcdougall@mail.utexas.edu
authors.forename: Graham J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: McDougall
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Keenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pituch
authors.forename: Taylor W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Acee
authors.forename: Phillip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Delville
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004493:Education / Q000379:methods; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013781:Texas; D016896:Treatment Outcome