title: Excess copper induces production of hydrogen peroxide in the leaf of Elsholtzia haichowensis through apoplastic and symplastic CuZn-superoxide dismutase.
abstract: The effects of excess copper (Cu) on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves of the Cu-accumulator Elsholtzia haichowensis Sun were investigated. The addition of 100 microM of copper significantly increased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other antioxidant enzymes. The increase in SOD activity was attributable to an increase in apoplastic and symplastic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) activity. Induction of CuZn-SOD proteins was demonstrated by immunoblot analysis. This study also provides the first cytochemical evidence of an accumulation of superoxide anion in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells, and H(2)O(2) in the mesophyll cell walls and extracellular space, as a consequence of Cu treatment. Experiments with diphenyleneiodonium as an inhibitor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and N-N-diethyldithiocarbamate as an inhibitor of SOD showed that the source of H(2)O(2) in the cell wall could be, in part, NADPH oxidase. Apoplastic guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and symplastic ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were induced in leaves of E. haichowensis with 100 microM Cu, suggesting that apoplastic POD and symplastic APX may be important in avoiding the buildup of toxic H(2)O(2) concentrations.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Hongxiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fenqin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Guiping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhenguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003300:Copper; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases