title: Propyl gallate inhibits the growth of HeLa cells via caspase-dependent apoptosis as well as a G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle.
abstract: Propyl gallate (PG) as a synthetic antioxidant exerts a variety of effects on tissue and cell functions. Here, we evaluated the effects of PG on the growth of HeLa cells in relation to apoptosis and the cell cycle. PG dose-dependently inhibited the growth of HeLa cells with an IC50 of approximately 800 microM at 24 h. DNA flow cytometric analysis indicated that PG significantly induced a G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle along with an increase in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) p27. In addition, PG induced apoptosis, which was accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; DeltaPsim), activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8 and PARP cleavage. All the tested caspase inhibitors (pan-caspase, caspase-3, -8 or -9 inhibitor) significantly rescued HeLa cells from PG-induced cell death. However, none of the caspase inhibitors prevented the loss of MMP (DeltaPsim) induced by PG. In conclusion, PG inhibited the growth of HeLa cells via caspase-dependent apoptosis as well as a G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical School, Centers for Healthcare Technology Development Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, JeonJu 561-180, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Hwa Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Bo Ra
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Sung Zoo
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Suhn Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Woo Hyun
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D020169:Caspases / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002469:Cell Separation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D011435:Propyl Gallate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D011435:Propyl Gallate; D020169:Caspases