title: Mechanisms of the resistance and tolerance to beta-lactam and glycopeptide antibiotics in pathogenic gram-positive cocci.
abstract: Beta-lactams are the most frequently used antimicrobials in combating infections. In the case of gram-positive bacteria resistant to beta-lactams, glycopeptides are the first choice. The occurrence, mechanisms and genetic background of the resistance of pathogenic staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci to beta-lactam and glycopeptide antibiotics were discussed. The resistances to well-established antimicrobials, as well as new agents (ceftobiprole, oritavancin, telavancin, dalbavancin) were taken into consideration in the text.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mlynarczyk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mlynarczyk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kmera-Muszynska
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majewski
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mlynarczyk
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006095:Gram-Positive Cocci / Q000187:drug effects*; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006020:Glycopeptides; D047090:beta-Lactams