title: The effect of mandibular tongue cribs on dentoskeletal changes in patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of a modified tongue crib appliance in Class II Division 1 patients with anterior tongue thrust and mandibular deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients (14 females, 9 males) with a mean age of 10.09 ± 1.02 years, a moderate Class II Division 1 occlusion due to a mandibular deficiency, and a mean overbite of -1.1 ± 0.8 mm were treated with a mandibular tongue crib device. Pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were obtained and traced, and various angular and linear variables were measured. These measurements were compared using the paired t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The statistical assessment indicated that SNB, facial angle, B-VL, Pog-VL, and interincisal angle increased significantly. IMPA, 1-SN, ANB, and Wits appraisal were significantly decreased (P<.05). The changes of Jarabak Index, SN-MP, SNA, and Y-axis were not significant. In addition, the overjet was reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During the mixed dentition phase, a tongue crib appliance in the mandible is helpful to impede tongue thrust and stimulate mandibular growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahin Emami
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Meibodi
authors.forename: Seyed Amir Reza Fatahi
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Meybodi
authors.forename: Elham Morshedi
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Meybodi
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002680:Chin / Q000473:pathology; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009968:Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; D057887:Overbite / Q000628:therapy; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000473:pathology; D014061:Tongue Habits / Q000628:therapy*