title: Percutaneous laparoscopic assisted gastrostomy (PLAG)--a new technique for cases of pharyngoesophageal obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the preferable method to provide enteral nutrition for a longer time period. Safe placement of a PEG tube requires passage of the esophagus and transillumination of the stomach through the abdominal wall. Surgical placement of a PEG tube has been shown to be feasible although the local complication rate ranges above the endoscopic procedure. We are presenting a new technique (percutaneous laparoscopically assisted gastrostomy, PLAG) to provide enteral access for patients with pharyngoesophageal obstruction not suitable for PEG placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have developed a laparoscopic method that allows full control of the stoma location at the anterior gastric wall. The tube has a deployable bumper mechanism, which can be inserted through a minimal gastric incision. Combined with the fixation by transcutaneous sutures, the risk for leakage or dislodgement is low.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one PLAGs were inserted in 45 male and six female patients suffering from pharyngoesophageal obstruction due to malignancy. Patients were referred after unsuccessful endoscopic PEG placement (n = 39) or received their PLAG when they underwent staging laparoscopy (n = 12). Success rate was 96.2%. No procedure-related mortality was observed. Infectious complications occurred in three (5.9%) cases. In five patients, minor leaks were managed conservatively (n = 4) or required relaparoscopy (n = 1) and placement of an additional suture (overall complication rate of 15.8%, n = 8). Nutritional goals were reached after 7.8 ± 2.3 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PLAG is a safe and easy procedure. It can well be used to provide enteral access for patients with pharyngoesophageal obstruction not suitable for endoscopic PEG placement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. ulrich_bolder@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bolder
authors.forename: Marcus N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schlitt
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vogel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012086:Reoperation; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013536:Suture Techniques