title: Novel method to observe subtle structural modulation of stratum corneum on applying chemical agents.
abstract: In the development of functional chemicals such as percutaneous penetration enhancers and cosmetics, the structural evidence at the molecular level in stratum corneum (SC) is highly desirable. We developed a method to observe a minute structural change of intercellular lipid matrix and corneocytes on applying the chemicals to the SC using synchrotron X-ray diffraction technique. The performance of the present method was demonstrated by applying typical chemicals, chloroform/methanol mixture, hydrophilic ethanol and hydrophobic d-limonene. From the small- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction we obtained the following results: on applying chloroform/methanol mixture the intercellular lipids were extracted markedly, on applying ethanol the intercellular lipid structure was slightly disrupted, ethanol molecules were taken into the corneocytes and in addition the pools of ethanol seem to be formed in the hydrophilic region of the intercellular lipid matrix in the SC, and on applying d-limonene the repeat distance of the long lamellar structure increased by incorporating d-limonene molecules, the intercellular lipid structure was slightly disrupted, and the pools of d-limonene were formed in the hydrophobic region of the intercellular lipid matrix in the SC.
authors.affiliation: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan. hatta@spring8.or.jp
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hatta
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Katsuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yagi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D009930:Organic Chemicals