title: The role of plasma adenosine deaminase in chemoattractant-stimulated oxygen radical production in neutrophils.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adenosine deaminase (ADA) has a role in many immunity mediated disorders, such as asthma, tuberculosis and coronary artery disease. This study aims to investigate the ability of plasma ADA to modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in neutrophils, and examine the involvement of adenosine and the cyclic AMP signaling pathway in this process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neutrophils were stimulated, in the absence or presence of plasma, with the chemotactic peptide fMLP (formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine), and the ROS production was determined with luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. Activity of ADA was measured spectrophotometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma dose-dependently amplified the ROS generation in fMLP-stimulated neutrophils. In parallel, incubation of neutrophils in plasma elevated the total ADA-activity approximately 10 times from 1.3 U/ml to 12 U/ml. Inhibition of ADA, or type IV phosphodiesterases, significantly lowered the plasma-mediated ROS production. Furthermore, the high-affinity adenosine A(1) receptor antagonists DPCPX and 8-phenyltheophylline markedly inhibited the plasma-induced respiratory burst in neutrophils, suggesting an A(1) receptor-mediated mechanism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that plasma ADA amplifies the release of toxic oxygen radicals from neutrophils through a downregulation of the inhibitory adenosine/cAMP-system and an enhanced activation of the stimulatory adenosine A(1)-receptor. This mechanism has probably a crucial role in regulating neutrophil function and in the defence against microbial infections. However, a sustained neutrophil activation could also contribute to inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden. hanna.kalvegren@oru.se
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kälvegren
authors.forename: Jonna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fridfeldt
authors.forename: Torbjörn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D049449:Luminescence; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013053:Spectrophotometry
chemical_list: D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D005609:Free Radicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase