title: The cannabinoid 1 receptor (CNR1) 1359 G/A polymorphism modulates susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and the phenotype in Crohn's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent evidence suggests a crucial role of the endocannabinoid system, including the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CNR1), in intestinal inflammation. We therefore investigated the influence of the CNR1 1359 G/A (p.Thr453Thr; rs1049353) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on disease susceptibility and phenotype in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA from 579 phenotypically well-characterized individuals was analyzed for the CNR1 1359 G/A SNP. Amongst these were 166 patients with UC, 216 patients with CD, and 197 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to healthy controls, subjects A/A homozygous for the CNR1 1359 G/A SNP had a reduced risk to develop UC (p = 0.01, OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.12-0.78). The polymorphism did not modulate CD susceptibility, but carriers of the minor A allele had a lower body mass index than G/G wildtype carriers (p = 0.0005). In addition, homozygous carriers of the G allele were more likely to develop CD before 40 years of age (p = 5.9x10(-7)) than carriers of the A allele.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CNR1 p.Thr453Thr polymorphism appears to modulate UC susceptibility and the CD phenotype. The endocannabinoid system may influence the manifestation of inflammatory bowel diseases, suggesting endocannabinoids as potential target for future therapies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. mstorr@ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Storr
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Emmerdinger
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diegelmann
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pfennig
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ochsenkühn
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Göke
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lohse
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1