title: [Research on technological process of two-pot countercurrent extraction of hydroxysafflor yellow A].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the optimum technical conditions of extracting Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) from Carthmus tinctorius by multi-stage countercurrent extraction technology.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of extraction time of each stage, extraction temperature, ethanol concentration and solid-liquid ratio (g x mL(-1)) on extraction yield of HSYA were studied by orthogonal test design and the comparison of other extraction methods were presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Extraction time and solid-liquid ratio had significant influence on the extraction yield, and the optimum parameters were as follows: Extraction time of each stage was 120 min, solid-liquid ratio was 1 : 10 (g x mL(-1)), ethanol concentration was 30%, and extracted at room temperature. Under the optimum conditions, the extraction yield of HSYA was 1.56% and the purity of the extract was 6.06%. Compared with the traditional extraction method and the ultrasonic extraction method of the pharmacopoeia, the extraction yield was increased by 6.12% and 9.09%, the purity of extract was increased by 42.9% and 27.0%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The multi-stage countercurrent extraction technology has many advantages such as simple operation, less solvent consumption, higher extraction yield and purity of extract and it has wide industrial application prospect.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. xiaozhanleery@163.com
authors.forename: Yerui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Longhu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xueying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xuesong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Changhai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D031178:Carthamus / Q000737:chemistry*; D002599:Chalcone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003377:Countercurrent Distribution / Q000379:methods; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011809:Quinones / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D011809:Quinones; C085278:hydroxysafflor yellow A; D002599:Chalcone