title: Factors influencing the successful completion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the preoperative factors contributing to the decision to convert laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective identification of 324 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, with univariate and multivariate analysis of the following parameters: age, gender, obesity, previous abdominal surgery, presentation with acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis or obstructive jaundice, gallbladder wall thickening, gallbladder or common bile duct stones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine patients (12%) underwent conversion to open cholecystectomy. Patients aged over 65 years were four times more likely to require conversion than patients under 50 years of age. Under 50 years of age, males had equal conversion rates to females, and above this age there was a non-significant increased conversion rate in males. Obese patients had higher conversion rates than non-obese patients (23% versus 9%, P < 0.003). Thirty-eight percent of patients with choledocholithiasis required conversion. Age, acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis independently predicted conversion. A patient aged less than fifty years with neither acute cholecystitis nor choledocholithiasis had a conversion rate of just 2%, while almost 60% of those over 65 years of age with acute cholecystitis or choledocholithiasis required conversion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The parameters of age, acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis must be considered in the clinical decision making process when planning laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of General & Laparoscopic Surgery, Mallow General Hospital, Mallow Co. Cork, Republic of Ireland. chandioashfaq@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ashfaq
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandio
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Timmons
authors.forename: Aamir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majeed
authors.forename: Aongus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Twomey
authors.forename: Fuad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aftab
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D049448:Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome