title: [The Sensory Modality Assessment and Rehabilitation Technique (SMART): a behavioral assessment scale for disorders of consciousness].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Difficulties in detecting bedside signs of consciousness in non-communicative patients still lead to a high rate of misdiagnosis illustrating the need to employ standardized behavioral assessment scales.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The Sensory Modality Assessment and Rehabilitation Technique (SMART) is a behavioral assessment scale of consciousness that assesses responses to multimodal sensory stimulation in disorders of consciousness. These stimulations can also be considered to have therapeutic value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We here review the different components and use of the SMART assessment and discuss its validity, reliability, and robustness in clinical practice. The scale has a high intra- and inter-observer reliability thanks to a detailed procedure description. However, in the absence of objective gold standards in the assessment of consciousness, it is currently difficult to make strong claims about its validity. A comparison between SMART and other standardized and validated coma-scales is proposed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our view, SMART is an interesting tool for monitoring patients with altered states of consciousness subsequent to coma. Currently, we await studies on its concurrent validity as compared to other validated behavioral assessment scales and on the effect of SMART stimulations on patient outcome.
authors.affiliation: Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B30, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chatelle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schnakers
authors.forename: M-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gosseries
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laureys
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanhaudenhuyse
mesh_terms: D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003128:Coma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003142:Communication; D003244:Consciousness Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D009949:Orientation; D010465:Perception; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices