title: Maintained total body water content and serum sodium concentrations despite body mass loss in female ultra-runners drinking ad libitum during a 100 km race.
abstract: We investigated in 11 female ultra-runners during a 100 km ultra-run, the association between fluid intake and prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia in a cross-sectional study. Athletes drank ad libitum and recorded their fluid intake. They competed at 8.0 (1.0) km/h and finished within 762 (91) min. Fluid intake was 4.1 (1.3) L during the race, equal to 0.3 (0.1) L/h. Body mass decreased by 1.5 kg (p< 0.01); pre race body mass was related to speed in the race (r = -0.78, p< 0.05); and change (Delta) in body mass was not associated with speed in the race. Change in body mass was positively (r = 0.70; p< 0.05), and Delta urinary specific gravity negatively (r = -0.67; p< 0.05), correlated to Delta percent total body water. Changes in body mass were not related to fluid intake during the race. Fluid intake was not correlated to running speed and showed no association with either Delta percent total body water nor Delta [Na] in plasma. Fluid intake showed no relationship with both Delta haematocrit and Delta plasma volume. No exercise-associated hyponatremia occurred. Female ultra- runners consuming fluids ad libitum during the race experienced no fluid overload, and ad libitum drinking protects against exercise-associated hyponatremia. The reported higher incidence of exercise-associated hyponatremia in women is not really a gender effect but due to women being more prone to overdrink.
authors.affiliation: Facharzt FMH fur Allgemeinmedizin, Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland. beat.knechtle@hispeed.ch
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Knechtle
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Senn
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Imoberdorf
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Joleska
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knechtle
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rosemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001823:Body Composition; D001834:Body Water / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004326:Drinking; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D010953:Plasma Volume; D012307:Risk Factors; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood*; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium