title: A pivotal role for the Streptococcus iniae extracellular polysaccharide in triggering proinflammatory cytokines transcription and inducing death in rainbow trout.
abstract: Streptococcus iniae is a major pathogen of fish, causing considerable economic losses in Israel, the United States and the Far East. Containment of mortalities through vaccination was recently compromised due to the emergence of novel vaccine-escape strains that are distinguished from previous strains by their ability to produce large amounts of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) that is released to the medium. In vitro and in vivo data now indicate that the EPS is a major virulence factor, capable of triggering the proinflammatory cytokine machinery and inducing mortality of fish. Streptococcus iniae EPS might therefore be considered to be responsible for sepsis and death just as lipopolysaccharide is for Gram-negative pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eyngor
authors.forename: Avishay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lublin
authors.forename: Roni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shapira
authors.forename: Avshalom
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hurvitz
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zlotkin
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tekoah
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eldar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000382:microbiology*; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D037521:Virulence Factors