title: Toxicity of trinitrotoluene to sheepshead minnows in water exposures.
abstract: Lethal effects of trinitrotoluene (TNT) to juvenile sheepshead minnows (JSHM) (Cyprinodon variegatus) were assessed in ten-day water exposures. Ten-day median lethal concentrations (LC50s) were 2.3 and 2.5 mg L(-1), the 10-d median lethal residue value (LR50) was 26.1 micromol kg(-1) wet weight (ww), and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) ranged from 0.7 to 2.4 L kg(-1). The lethal effects of TNT and its transformation products 2-aminodinitrotoluene (2-ADNT), 2,4-diaminonitrotoluene (2,4-DANT) and trinitrobenzene (TNB) to JSHM were compared in 5-d static-renewal exposures. Nitroreduction decreased the toxicity of TNT to SHM, as the 5-d LC50 for 2-ADNT was 8.6 mg L(-1) and the lowest lethal concentration of 2,4-DANT was 50.3 mg L(-1). TNB (5-d LC50=1.2 mg L(-1)) was more toxic than TNT to SHM. The 5-d LR50s were 4.3 mg kg(-1)ww (20.4 micromol kg(-1)) for SumTNT (TNT exposure) and 54.2 mg kg(-1)ww (275.3 micromol kg(-1)) for 2-ADNT and significant mortality occurred at 47.4 mg kg(-1)ww (283.6 micromol kg(-1)). The range of BCF values was from 1.8 to 2.4, 5.6 to 8.0, and 0.6 to 0.9Lkg(-1) for TNT, 2-ADNT, and 2,4-DANT, respectively.
authors.affiliation: US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199, USA. guilherme.lotufo@usace.army.mil
authors.forename: Guilherme R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Lotufo
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.forename: Alfreda B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Gibson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D007695:Killifishes / Q000502:physiology*; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014301:Trinitrobenzenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D053834:Explosive Agents; D014301:Trinitrobenzenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; C029222:sym-trinitrobenzene