title: Ocular findings of oral sildenafil use in term and near-term neonates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor used as a therapeutic adjunct in critically ill neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension. Sildenafil is associated with several ocular complications in adults and is suspected to exacerbate retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The risk of ocular complication in sildenafil-treated newborns, not otherwise at risk for the development of ROP, is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two neonates with birth gestational age greater than 34 weeks and birth weight over 2,100 g who received oral sildenafil for more than 2 weeks were assessed by a pediatric ophthalmologist for potential ocular complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients had ocular findings: 2 had bacterial conjunctivitis; 1 had optic nerve hypoplasia, choroidal coloboma, and nystagmus; 1 had previously suffered from a hypotensive episode and had a documented cortical injury accompanied by bilateral optic disk atrophy and nystagmus. All cases seemed unrelated to sildenafil use and improved despite continued use of the drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results do not support the need for a routine ophthalmologic examination in term and near-term neonates receiving sildenafil.
authors.affiliation: Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Rinat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kehat
authors.forename: Dean J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bonsall
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: North
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Connors
mesh_terms: D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D001724:Birth Weight; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011687:Purines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases