Beyond obesity: the diagnosis and pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic syndrome (MSX) identifies clinical symptoms and lab results, including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, that lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity typically results in insulin and leptin resistance and a shift from expansion of subcutaneous fat to deposition of abdominal and ectopic fat. These conditions cause metabolic dysregulation, elevated fatty acids (FFA), and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory "adipokines". Left untreated, these conditions cause lipotoxicity, chronic inflammation, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and CVD.
Gade
Wayne
W
Clinical Laboratory Science Department, HSB Rm 314, One University Place, Springfield, IL 62703, USA. wgade1@uis.edu
Schmit
Jessica
J
Collins
Melissa
M
Gade
Jean
J
D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000502:physiology; D020738:Leptin / Q000502:physiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction
D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D020738:Leptin; D006854:Hydrocortisone