title: The relationships of personal and cultural identity to adaptive and maladaptive psychosocial functioning in emerging adults.
abstract: The present study examined the extent to which cultural identity would be associated with adaptive and maladaptive psychosocial functioning, both directly and indirectly through a personal identity consolidation. A sample of 773 White, Black, and Hispanic university students completed measures of cultural identity, personal identity consolidation, adaptive psychosocial functioning, internalizing symptoms, and proclivity toward externalizing symptoms. Both heritage and American cultural identity were positively related to adaptive psychosocial functioning; American-culture identity was negatively associated with internalizing symptoms; and heritage-culture identity was negatively related to proclivity toward externalizing symptoms. All of these findings were mediated by personal identity consolidation and were fully consistent across ethnic groups. We discuss implications in terms of broadening the study of identity to include both personal and cultural dimensions of self.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Family Studies, Miami, FL 33136, USA. SSchwartz@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Seth J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Byron L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Zamboanga
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Weisskirch
authors.forename: Sherry C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D004532:Ego; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D007206:Individuality; D007389:Internal-External Control; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D012649:Self Concept; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012933:Social Identification; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*; D001741:Black or African American