title: The frequency of fentanyl-induced cough in children and its effects on tracheal intubation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if fentanyl-induced cough was dose-dependent in children and whether it could affect tracheal intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blinded study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating room of a university-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  160 ASA physical status I pediatric patients, aged two to 14 years, scheduled for elective surgery during general anesthesia and requiring orotracheal intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 patients were given fentanyl at a dosage of one microg/kg; Group 2 patients received two microg/kg of fentanyl. Induction of anesthesia was conducted immediately following cough cessation or one minute after the end of injection with propofol 2.5 mg/kg. At loss of eyelash reflex, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given intravenously (IV). Two minutes later, tracheal intubation was started.
  
  
  METHODS
  Onset and degree of cough and intubating conditions were observed and recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant differences in frequency of coughing or in intubating conditions between the two groups were noted. Cough severity in Group 1 was statistically lower than that of Group 2 (P < 0.05). Onset of cough in Group 2 (12.2 +/- 3.4 sec) was statistically shorter than in Group 1 (16.9 +/- 7.6 sec, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fentanyl at doses of one and two microg/kg may induce coughing in pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, South Korea. hanji@ewha.ac.kr <hanji@ewha.ac.kr>
authors.forename: Jong In
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Heeseung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chi Hyo
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Guie Yong
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003371:Cough / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D005283:Fentanyl