title: Effects of heated humidification on nasal inflammation in a CPAP rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rhinitis is a potential side effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). Heated Humidification (HH) is applied to treat rhinitic symptoms, but its usefulness is controversial. Confounding factors such as previous rhinitis or nasal obstruction make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Animal models could therefore be useful.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of HH as a mechanism that may reduce nasal inflammation during nCPAP application in the presence or absence of an oral leak (OL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective controlled animal study. Setting I: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into noCPAP (naïve), sham-CPAP with HH, 5 and 10cm H(2)O nCPAP, and 10cm H(2)O nCPAP with HH for 5h. Setting II: Thirty-three rats were exposed to nCPAP, nCPAP with a controlled OL, and nCPAP with controlled OL and HH (n=11 each). The degree of nasal inflammation was assessed by directly evaluating the percentage of neutrophils in the nasal mucosa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percentage of neutrophils was higher after 5h of 10cm nCPAP compared to the control group (0.96+/-0.26% vs. 0.18+/-0.05%; p=0.001). When HH was applied, the percentage of neutrophils did not differ from that observed in the nCPAP group. The addition of a controlled OL, did not show significant differences in the neutrophils count compared to nCPAP alone (0.75+/-0.19% vs. 0.83+/-0.29%; p=0.70). Moreover, the application of HH to the rat with OL did not change the percentage of neutrophils.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HH applied to an acute rat model of nCPAP with and without a controlled OL does not seem to reduce nasal inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain. ivila@clinic.ub.es
authors.forename: Brígida
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martínez-Vidal
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farré
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Montserrat
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Almendros
authors.forename: Francina
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Embid
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vilaseca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006813:Humidity; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*