title: Involvement of SRC-suppressed C kinase substrate in neuronal death caused by the lipopolysaccharide-induced reactive astrogliosis.
abstract: Src-suppressed C kinase substrate (SSeCKS), a protein kinase C substrate, is a major lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response protein, regulating the inflammatory process. In the process of spinal inflammatory diseases by LPS intraspinal injection, expression of SSeCKS in the spinal cord was increased, mainly in active astrocytes and neurons. Induced SSeCKS was colabeled with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated-dUTP nick-end labeling (an apoptosis maker) in the late inflammation processes. These results indicated that SSeCKS might correlate with the inflammatory reaction and late neurodegeneration after LPS injection. A cell type-specific action for SSeCKS was further studied within C6 cells and PC12 cells. Knockdown of SSeCKS by small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) blocked the LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in C6 cells, while overexpression SSeCKS enhanced iNOS expression. SSeCKS is also participated in regulation of PC12 cell viability. Loss of SSeCKS rescued PC12 cell viability, and excessive SSeCKS exacerbated the cell death upon conditioned medium and tumor necrosis factor-alpha exposure. This study delineates that SSeCKS may be important for host defenses in spinal inflammation and suggests a valuable molecular mechanism by which astrocytes modify neuronal viability during pathological states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Aiguo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Junling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Haiou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D054758:A Kinase Anchor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016923:Cell Death; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005911:Gliosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D054758:A Kinase Anchor Proteins; C102361:Akap12 protein, rat; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011493:Protein Kinase C