title: What is the viewpoint of hemoglobin, and does it matter?
abstract: In this paper I discuss reductive trends in evolutionary anthropology. The first involved the reduction of human ancestry to genetic relationships (in the 1960s) and the second involved a parallel reduction of classification to phylogenetic retrieval (in the 1980s). Neither of these affords greater accuracy than their alternatives; that is to say, their novelty is epistemic, not empirical. As a result, there has been a revolution in classification in evolutionary anthropology, which arguably clouds the biological relationships of the relevant species, rather than clarifying them. Just below the species level, another taxonomic issue is raised by the reinscription of race as a natural category of the human species. This, too, is driven by the convergent interests of cultural forces including conservative political ideologies, the creation of pharmaceutical niche markets, free-market genomics, and old-fashioned scientific racism.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Anthropology, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000885:Anthropology, Physical / Q000266:history*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002965:Classification; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006454:Hemoglobins; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000266:history*; D011323:Primates / Q000145:classification; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins