title: PIDDosome expression and the role of caspase-2 activation for chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in RCCs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The importance of caspase-2 activation for mediating apoptosis in cancer is not clear and seems to differ between different tumour types. Furthermore, only few data have been obtained concerning the expression of caspase-2, which can be alternatively spliced into caspase-2L and caspase-2S, and the other PIDDosome members PIDD and RAIDD in human tumours in vivo. We, therefore, investigated their expression in renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) of the clear cell type in vivo and analysed the role of caspase-2 in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in RCCs in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analyses were performed by semiquantitative real-time PCR, Western Blot and Caspase-2 Assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our in vivo results showed an overall decrease in proapoptotic caspase-2L expression during tumour progression due to an increase in the relative share of caspase-2S mRNA in total caspase-2 mRNA expression. Furthermore, an increase in the expression of PIDD and RAIDD could be observed. In contrast, antiapoptotic BCL-2 expression increased only during early tumour stages, whereas expression decreased in pT3 RCCs. In vitro, caspase-2 activation in RCC cell lines coincidenced with sensitivity of tumour cells towards Topotecan-induced apoptosis. However, inhibition of caspase-2 could not prevent Topotecan-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, Topotecan-resistance could be overcome by the apoptosis-sensitizing drug HA14-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirms the concept of a shift towards a more antiapoptotic transcriptional context during tumour progression in RCCs. Furthermore, it shows that caspase-2 participates in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in RCCs although it is not mandatory for it. Additionally, inhibition of antiapoptotic BCL-2 family members might provide a possible way to overcome chemotherapy resistance of RCCs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany. seb.heikaus@gmx.de
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heikaus
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pejin
authors.forename: Helmut Erich
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Gabbert
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ramp
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mahotka
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053420:CRADD Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053143:Caspase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D053418:Death Domain Receptor Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D019772:Topotecan / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D053420:CRADD Signaling Adaptor Protein; C104252:CRADD protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D053418:Death Domain Receptor Signaling Adaptor Proteins; C485896:PIDD1 protein, human; D019772:Topotecan; D053143:Caspase 2