title: Highly mutagenic and severely imbalanced dNTP pools can escape detection by the S-phase checkpoint.
abstract: A balanced supply of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) is one of the key prerequisites for faithful genome duplication. Both the overall concentration and the balance among the individual dNTPs (dATP, dTTP, dGTP, and dCTP) are tightly regulated, primarily by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). We asked whether dNTP pool imbalances interfere with cell cycle progression and are detected by the S-phase checkpoint, a genome surveillance mechanism activated in response to DNA damage or replication blocks. By introducing single amino acid substitutions in loop 2 of the allosteric specificity site of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNR, we obtained a collection of strains with various dNTP pool imbalances. Even mild dNTP pool imbalances were mutagenic, but the mutagenic potential of different dNTP pool imbalances did not directly correlate with their severity. The S-phase checkpoint was activated by the depletion of one or several dNTPs. In contrast, when none of the dNTPs was limiting for DNA replication, even extreme and mutagenic dNTP pool imbalances did not activate the S-phase checkpoint and did not interfere with the cell cycle progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Jörgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viberg
authors.forename: Anna Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chabes
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D002453:Cell Cycle; D003854:Deoxyribonucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D016296:Mutagenesis; D012264:Ribonucleotide Reductases / Q000235:genetics*; D016196:S Phase; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003854:Deoxyribonucleotides; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012264:Ribonucleotide Reductases; C551024:Rnr1 protein, S cerevisiae