title: Single port access (SPA) cholecystectomy: two year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopy is a constantly evolving field of surgery. New technology, applications, and benefits prompt continual improvement. We have developed a Single Port Access (SPA) surgical technique that allows for the entire cholecystectomy to be performed through a single incision within the umbilicus while maintaining safe standard dissection and retraction techniques of currently performed multiport laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen consecutive patients underwent SPA cholecystectomy. Indications were cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, CBD stones, and biliary akinesia. The entire procedure was performed through a single umbilical incision measuring <1.8 cm within the umbilicus. Three trocars and a rigid grasper were inserted through separate fascial sites within the same skin incision. The cholecystectomy procedures are then performed in the standard fashion described in multi-port cholecystectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen patients successfully underwent Single Port Access cholecystectomy. One patient required a second 5-mm port site secondary to difficulty with retraction of a large liver. Operative times averaged 107 minutes. Blood loss, patient recovery, and outcomes have been comparable to those of standard multi-port procedures. No umbilical hernias have been seen at 2 years of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present the SPA cholecystectomy as an alternative to multi-port cholecystectomy. In the first 2 years, SPA surgery has evolved into a technique easily taught and performed without the restrictions of new equipment or added cost.
authors.affiliation: Drexel University, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. pgc@curcillo.com
authors.forename: Erica R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Podolsky
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Rottman
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Curcillo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014472:Umbilicus / Q000601:surgery