title: ATP is required for the release of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome from inhibition by the mitotic checkpoint.
abstract: The mitotic (or spindle assembly) checkpoint system ensures accurate segregation of chromosomes by delaying anaphase until all chromosomes are correctly attached to the mitotic spindle. This system acts by inhibiting the activity of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase to target securin for degradation. APC/C is inhibited by a mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) composed of BubR1, Bub3, Mad2, and Cdc20. The molecular mechanisms of the inactivation of the mitotic checkpoint, including the release of APC/C from inhibition, remain obscure. It has been reported that polyubiquitylation by the APC/C is required for the inactivation of the mitotic checkpoint [Reddy SK, Rape M, Margansky WA, Kirschner MW (2007) Nature, 446:921-924]. We confirmed the involvement of polyubiquitylation, but found that another process, which requires ATP cleavage at the beta-gamma position (as opposed to alpha-beta bond scission involved in ubiquitylation), is essential for the release of APC/C from checkpoint inhibition. ATP (beta-gamma) cleavage is required both for the dissociation of MCC components from APC/C and for the disassembly of free MCC, whereas polyubiquitylation is involved only in the former process. We find that the requirement for ATP (beta-gamma) cleavage is not due to the involvement of the 26S proteasome and that the phenomena observed are not due to sustained activity of protein kinase Cdk1/cyclin B, caused by inhibition of the degradation of cyclin B. Thus, some other energy-consuming process is needed for the inactivation of the mitotic checkpoint.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
authors.forename: Shirly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miniowitz-Shemtov
authors.forename: Adar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teichner
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sitry-Shevah
authors.forename: Avram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hershko
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D025821:Polyubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D054875:Ubiquitination
chemical_list: D019926:Cyclin B; D025821:Polyubiquitin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; D015739:Nocodazole