title: Differences in stroke outcome based on sex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stroke thrombolysis may have a differential effect by sex. We sought to examine the relationship between sex and outcome after thrombolysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective cohort study of stroke patients from the Registry of Canadian Stroke Network phase 1 (June 2001-February 2002) and phase 2 (June 2002-December 2002). Variables including demographics, history, clinical data, process measures, and outcome were analyzed. The primary outcomes were the Stroke Impact Scale-16 score (SIS-16) and mortality at 6 months. We compared the outcomes of the thrombolyzed and nonthrombolyzed cohorts and examined the data for a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-by-sex interaction on the 2 primary outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall proportion of patients who achieved an excellent outcome (SIS-16 >75) was not different by gender. However, the proportion of patients achieving an excellent outcome in the non-tPA cohort was much greater in males, with an absolute risk difference of 11.8%. A multiplicative treatment by sex interaction was evident (p = 0.054). This interaction was not present for stroke case fatality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women fared poorly compared to men in the placebo groups, but this negative prognostic sex effect was neutralized by thrombolysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 2T9, Canada.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shobha
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Sylaja
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kapral
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator