title: Impact of left ventricular lead position on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and clinical outcome in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and clinical outcome in patients receiving a cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) depending on the left ventricular (LV) lead position.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 187 consecutive patients with advanced heart failure who received a CRT-implantable cardioverter defibrillator were analyzed. Forty patients (21%) had a LV lead in the anterior/apical (anterior) and 147 patients (79%) in the posterior/posterolateral (posterior) region. The total median follow-up time was 644 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of ventricular arrhythmia was 35% in patients with an anterior LV lead versus 30% in patients with a posterior LV lead (p = 0.53). The 1- and 2-year mortality in the anterior LV lead group was 19% and 22%, as compared with 0.7% and 3.2%, respectively, in the posterior LV lead group (p < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, an anterior LV lead was independently associated with an increased mortality (hazard ratio 5.88, 95% confidence interval 2.22-16.67). The major cause of death was end-stage heart failure whereas the incidence of sudden cardiac death was not different between both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, biventricular pacing with an anterior LV lead seems to have no impact on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia but may be associated with an increased mortality rate due to worsening heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Center at the Heart Center of Ludwigshafen, Bremserstrasse 79, 67063, Ludwigshafen, Germany. Kleemann.Thomas@web.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kleemann
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Margit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: Ngoc
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dyck
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Weisse
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Saggau
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cornelius
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Layer
authors.forename: Karlheinz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seidl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology*; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric