title: Pseudo-catalytic scavenging: searching for a suitable reactivator of phosphorylated butyrylcholinesterase.
abstract: Butyrylcholinesterase is considered to be an endogenous stoichiometric bioscavenger of organophosphorus compounds (OPs), but due to limited concentration of BChE in the organism, stoichiometric reduction of OP is not always sufficient. This can be improved by creating a pseudo-catalytic scavenger adding oximes as reactivators of inhibited exogenous BChE. In order to improve the BChE bioscavenging function in tabun or paraoxon poisoning, we tested in vitro reactivation of phosphorylated human plasma BChE by bispyridinium oximes varying in the length and type of the linker between rings, and in the position of the oxime group on the ring. Among the tested oximes, the most potent reactivators of tabun-inhibited BChE were K117 [1,1'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(4-hydroxyiminomethyl pyridinium) bromide] and K127 [4-carbamoyl-1-(2-(2-(4-(hydroxyiminomethyl) pyridinium-1-yl)ethoxy)ethyl)pyridinium bromide]. Reactivation by these oximes (1mM) reached about 50% of control activity after only 20 min; however, reactivation stopped at 70%. Reactivation of paraoxon-inhibited BChE by all of the selected oximes was slow. Using molecular mechanics, we performed docking of the oximes to tabun-inhibited BChE in order to discuss possible structural modifications of bispyridinium oximes to improve reactivation of phosphorylated BChE.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, POB 291, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia. zrinka.kovarik@imi.hr
authors.forename: Zrinka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kovarik
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katalinić
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sinko
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Holas
authors.forename: Young-Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Musilova
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuca
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D055162:Biocatalysis; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D010091:Oximes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010261:Paraoxon / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D010755:Organophosphates; D010091:Oximes; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D010261:Paraoxon; C009374:tabun