title: Hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis induced by long-term administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (HCP) associated with the long-term administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 23-year-old man presented with recurrent headaches as the primary clinical manifestation. After the administration of the NSAIDs indomethacin and aceclofenac for 2 years, he developed signs of progressive cranial polyneuropathies (eg, II, III, V, VI, and VII palsy) and damage to the brainstem. Cranial contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed curvilinear subdural enhancement and significant tentorium cerebelli and falx cerebri enhancements. Since antituberculosis treatment combined with corticosteroid therapy and analgesia with celecoxib for 40 days had not achieved satisfactory results, NSAIDs were discontinued and a single oral dose of a corticosteroid was given. No headaches were reported at a 6-month follow-up appointment. In addition, his cranial polyneuropathy improved significantly. Reexamination by contrast-enhanced MRI scan demonstrated that tentorial enhancement and thickening of the falx cerebri were markedly alleviated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No additional causes of HCP were found during systematic investigation in this patient. In addition to headache, cranial polyneuropathy and thickened cerebral dura mater appeared after administration of NSAIDs for 2 years. The symptoms that appeared during the NSAID therapy were remarkably alleviated 5 months after medication discontinuation. Adverse drug reaction (ADR) assessment revealed that long-term administration of NSAIDs may be associated with the occurrence and development of HCP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term administration of NSAIDs is a probable cause of HCP. Clinicians should be aware of this ADR and avoid prescribing NSAIDs for an extended period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Zhujuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qianning
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000473:pathology; D006261:Headache / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004008:Diclofenac; C056498:aceclofenac; D007213:Indomethacin