title: Design of the silent cerebral infarct transfusion (SIT) trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Silent cerebral infarct (SCI) is the most common cause of serious neurological disease in sickle cell anemia (SCA), affecting approximately 22% of children. The goal of this trial is to determine whether blood transfusion therapy will reduce further neurological morbidity in children with SCI, and if so, the magnitude of this benefit.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Silent Cerebral Infarct Transfusion (SIT) Trial includes 29 clinical sites and 3 subsites, a Clinical Coordinating Center, and a Statistical and Data Coordinating Center, to test the following hypothesis: prophylactic blood transfusion therapy in children with SCI will result in at least an 86% reduction in the rate of subsequent overt strokes or new or progressive cerebral infarcts as defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. The intervention is blood transfusion versus observation. Two hundred and four participants (102 in each treatment assignment) will ensure 85% power to detect the effect necessary to recommend transfusion therapy (86% reduction), after accounting for 10% drop out and 19% crossover rates. MRI examination of the brain is done at screening, immediately before randomization and study exit. Each randomly assigned participant receives a cognitive test battery at study entry, 12-18 months later, and study exit and an annual neurological examination. Blood is obtained from all screened participants for a biologic repository containing serum and a renewable source of DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SIT Trial could lead to a change in standard care practices for children affected with SCA and SCI, with a consequent reduction in neurological morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. jcasella@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Casella
authors.forename: Allison A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Desiree A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Noetzel
authors.forename: Rebecca N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ichord
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terrill
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hirtz
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: McKinstry
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Strouse
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.forename: Caterina P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Minniti
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Vendt
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Debaun
mesh_terms: D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D012107:Research Design; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy