title: Age-stratified analysis of the impact of hypertension on National Health Insurance Medical Expenditures in Ibaraki, Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This retrospective cohort study examined the sex- and age-specific impact of hypertension on medical expenditures.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2006, we analyzed the medical expenditure records of 42 426 Japanese National Health Insurance beneficiaries (16 169 men, 26 257 women) who lived in Ibaraki, Japan, were aged 40 to 69 years, and underwent health checkups in 2002. Blood pressure was classified into 4 categories according to the criteria outlined in the seventh report of the Joint National Committee.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference in median total expenditure between the hypertension categories and the normotension category was 119 585 yen (140 360 yen vs 20 775 yen) for men aged 40 to 54 years, 126 160 yen (204 070 yen vs 77 910 yen) for men aged 55 to 69 years, 125 495 yen (158 025 yen vs 32 530 yen) for women aged 40 to 54 years, and 122 370 yen (208 700 yen vs 86 330 yen) for women aged 55 to 69 years. The median total and outpatient medical expenditures markedly differed between patients with stage 1 hypertension and stage 2 hypertension (which included people on antihypertensive medication) in both sexes and all age subgroups. The median total and outpatient medical expenditures were higher among women than among men in all blood pressure categories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impact of hypertension on medical expenditures was similar in all age groups. Therefore, from the perspective of medical economics, prevention of the onset of hypertension seems equally important for all age subgroups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan. tossair@dokkyomed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshimi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sairenchi
authors.forename: Fujiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000191:economics*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors