title: Dietary administration of Zooshikella sp. enhance the innate immune response and disease resistance of Paralichthys olivaceus against Sreptococcus iniae.
abstract: We report the growth, innate immune response, and disease resistance in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) challenged with Streptococcus iniae after feeding with diet enriched with Zooshikella sp. strain JE-34 three different concentration i.e. Low (3.4 x 10(4), n = 50), medium (3.5 x 10(6), n = 50), and high (3.4 x 10(8), n = 50) cfu ml(-1) supplemented diets, the changes were monitored on weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16. With all diets the innate immune parameters, such as superoxide anion production, phagocytic and lysozyme activity were not enhanced on week 1 and 4. On the other hand, all tested immune parameters in the treated groups significantly enhanced after 8th week; the weight gain significantly increased after 4th week in fish fed with enriched diets. The mortality in olive flounder after administration with high concentration diet showed 25%. With low and medium enriched diets the mortality was 40% and 35%, respectively. In the infected untreated group mortality was 85% while there was no mortality in the control group. The results suggested that Zooshikella sp. strain JE-34 enriched diets could be used to enhance the innate immune response and disease resistance of P. olivaceus against S. iniae.
authors.affiliation: Marine Applied Microbes and Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, College of Ocean Sciences & Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harikrishnan
authors.forename: Man-Chul
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chellam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balasundaram
authors.forename: Moon-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000276:immunology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D005432:Flounder; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D009113:Muramidase / Q000097:blood; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000276:immunology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006454:Hemoglobins; D014280:Triglycerides; D010758:Phosphorus; D002784:Cholesterol; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D009113:Muramidase