title: Chronic individual housing-induced stress decreased expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzyme genes and proteins in spleen of adult rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Social isolation is regarded as one of the most relevant causes of diseases in mammalian species. The activation of the sympathoneural system represents one of the key components of the stress response. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the major pathways involved in immune-neuroendocrine interactions. The aim of the present study was to determine plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in individually housed rats, as well as to find out whether splenic gene expression of catecholamine synthesizing enzymes and their protein levels are affected by chronic psychosocial stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) mRNA levels were quantified by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The TH, DBH and PNMT immunoproteins were assayed by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic social isolation of adult male rats produced a significant increase in plasma catecholamine levels and a decrease in splenic TH mRNA, DBH mRNA and PNMT mRNA. Protein levels of TH, DBH and PNMT were also reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that increased plasma catecholamines and decreased gene expression and protein levels of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in the spleen of chronically individually housed animals might reduce catecholamine synthesis, thus leaving the immunocompetent tissues depleted of catecholamines and consequently leading to an impairment of immune response.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ljubica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gavrilovic
authors.forename: Natasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spasojevic
authors.forename: Sladjana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dronjak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D007107:Immune System / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000502:physiology*; D010625:Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012934:Social Isolation / Q000523:psychology; D013154:Spleen / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; D010625:Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase