title: Effect of adiponectin on bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation and embryo development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adiponectin is an adipokine, mainly produced by adipose tissue. It regulates several reproductive processes. The protein expression of the adiponectin system (adiponectin, its receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 and the APPL1 adaptor) in bovine ovary and its role on ovarian cells and embryo, remain however to be determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we identified the adiponectin system in bovine ovarian cells and embryo using RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we investigated in vitro the effects of recombinant human adiponectin (10 micro g/mL) on proliferation of granulosa cells (GC) measured by [3H] thymidine incorporation, progesterone and estradiol secretions measured by radioimmunoassay in the culture medium of GC, nuclear oocyte maturation and early embryo development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that the mRNAs and proteins for the adiponectin system are present in bovine ovary (small and large follicles and corpus luteum) and embryo. Adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were more precisely localized in oocyte, GC and theca cells. Adiponectin increased IGF-1 10(-8) M-induced GC proliferation (P < 0.01) but not basal or insulin 10(-8) M-induced proliferation. Additionally, adiponectin decreased insulin 10(-8) M-induced, but not basal or IGF-1 10(-8) M-induced secretions of progesterone (P < 0.01) and estradiol (P < 0.05) by GC. This decrease in insulin-induced steroidogenesis was associated with a decrease in ERK1/2 MAPK phosphorylation in GC pre-treated with adiponectin. Finally, addition of adiponectin during in vitro maturation affected neither the percentage of oocyte in metaphase-II nor 48-h cleavage and blastocyst day 8 rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In bovine species, adiponectin decreased insulin-induced steroidogenesis and increased IGF-1-induced proliferation of cultured GC through a potential involvement of ERK1/2 MAPK pathway, whereas it did not modify oocyte maturation and embryo development in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Equipe Métabolisme et Reproduction, INRA, F-37 380 Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maillard
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uzbekova
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guignot
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perreau
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramé
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coyral-Castel
authors.forename: Joëlle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dupont
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009866:Oogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013256:Steroids / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin; D013256:Steroids