title: Persistent symptoms in mild to moderate traumatic brain injury associated with executive dysfunction.
abstract: In order to improve detection of subtle cognitive dysfunction and to shed light on the etiology of persistent symptoms after mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), we employed an experimental executive reaction time (RT) test, standardized neuropsychological tests, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The Executive RT-Test, an Executive Composite Score from standardized neuropsychological tests, and DTI-indices in the midbrain differentiated between patients with persistent symptoms from those fully recovered after mild-to-moderate TBI. We suggest that persistent symptoms in mild-to-moderate TBI may reflect disrupted fronto-striatal network involved in executive functioning, and the Executive RT-Test provides an objective and novel method to detect it.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. kaisa.hartikainen@pshp.fi
authors.forename: Kaisa M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hartikainen
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waljas
authors.forename: Tuulia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isoviita
authors.forename: Prasun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dastidar
authors.forename: Suvi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liimatainen
authors.forename: Anne-Kristin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Solbakk
authors.forename: Keith H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soimakallio
authors.forename: Aarne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ylinen
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ohman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult