title: Vitamin D deficiency in refugee children from conflict zones.
abstract: Vitamin D deficiency is common in newly resettled refugee children and is associated with significant morbidity including rickets. To determine risk factors and burden of vitamin D deficiency in newly resettled refugee children in Australia. A descriptive epidemiological study and survey on refugee children attending an outpatient general health clinic at the Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney. 215 patients were examined (age range 0-17 years), (76%) majority were from Africa. Mean serum 25OHD level was 46 nmol/L (SD = 24) (sufficiency range 50-150 nmol/L). 40% had mild deficiency (26-50 nmol/L), 19% moderate deficiency (13-25 nmol/L) and 2% were severely deficient (<13 nmol/L). Deficiency was most common in East African (72%) and Middle Eastern (66%) refugees, children in early puberty (89%) and those living in Australia >6 months (71%). Deficient children were more likely to have had movement restrictions and longer time in hiding in their country of refuge (OR 3:1[CI 0.9-9.7], P = .062).
authors.affiliation: University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. m.sheikh@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Mohamud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: C Raina
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: MacIntyre
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Hasantha
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gunesekera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012036:Refugees; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D014857:Warfare