title: Universal markers of thyroid malignancies: galectin-3, HBME-1, and cytokeratin-19.
abstract: Difficulties in diagnosis of thyroid lesions, even with histologic analysis, are well known. This study has been carried on to evaluate the role of immunohistochemical markers including galectin-3, Hector Battifora mesothelial cell-1 (HBME-1), and cytokeratin-19 in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions. The expressions of galectin-3, HBME-1, and cytokeratin-19 were tested in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 458 surgically resected thyroid lesions including non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Immunostaining with standard avidin-biotin complex technique was performed by using monoclonal antibodies. In malignant neoplastic thyroid lesions, galectin-3, HBME-1, and cytokeratin-19 were diffusely expressed in general. Diffuse expression rates of these three markers were 72.3% (47/65), 70.7% (46/65), and 76.9% (50/65), respectively. The use of galectin-3, HBME-1, and cytokeratin-19 may provide significant contributions in the differential diagnosis of malignant thyroid tumors. Although focal galectin-3, HBME-1, and cytokeratin-19 expression may be encountered in benign lesions, diffuse positive reactions for these three markers are characteristic of malignant lesions. It has concluded that cytokeratin-19 alone and its combinations with other markers were more sensitive in accurate diagnosis of papillary carcinoma than the other combinations; meanwhile, there were similar results for follicular carcinomas with HBME-1 alone and its combinations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Zonguldak Karaelmas University Faculty of Medicine, 67600, Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey. figenbarut@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barut
authors.forename: Nilufer
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Onak Kandemir
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bektas
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bahadir
authors.forename: Sevinc
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keser
authors.forename: Sukru Oguz
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Ozdamar
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053539:Keratin-19 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D037502:Galectin 3; D053539:Keratin-19; C432845:HBME-1 antigen; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm