title: Radiofrequency ablation of renal tumours: diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for early detection of residual tumour.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the early detection of residual tumour after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of renal tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients referred to our institution for RFA of renal tumours prospectively underwent CEUS and computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before, within 1 day and 6 weeks after treatment. Identification of residual tumour was assessed by three blinded radiologists. Reference standard was CT/MRI performed at least 1 year after RFA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 66 renal tumours in 43 patients (median age 62 years; range 44-71.5) were studied. Inter-reader agreement (kappa value) was 0.84 for CEUS. Prevalence of residual disease was 19%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), respectively, were as follows: 64% [confidence interval (CI) 39-84], 98% [CI 91-100], 82% [CI 52-95] and 92% [CI 83-97] on 24-h CEUS; 79% [CI 52-92], 100% [CI 94-100], 100% [CI 74-100] and 95% [CI 87-100] on 6-week CEUS; 79% [CI 52-92], 95% [CI 86-98], 79% [CI 52-92] and 95% [CI 86-98] on 24-h CT/MRI; and 100% [CI 72-100], 98% [CI 90-100], 91% [CI 62-98] and 100% [CI 93-100] on 6-week CT/MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEUS has high specificity for the early diagnosis of residual tumour after renal RFA.
authors.affiliation: CHU de Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Pôle d'imagerie, Service de Radiologie, Reims, France. choeffel-fornes@chu-reims.fr
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoeffel
authors.forename: Maud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pousset
authors.forename: Marc-Olivier
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Timsit
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elie
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Méjean
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Merran
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tranquart
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khairoune
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Joly
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hélénon
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Correas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010743:Phospholipids; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010743:Phospholipids; C420843:contrast agent BR1; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride