title: Polyamines: molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance.
abstract: Early studies on plant polyamine research pointed to their involvement in responses to different environmental stresses. During the last few years, genetic, transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches have unravelled key functions of different polyamines in the regulation of abiotic stress tolerance. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanism(s) by which polyamines control plant responses to stress stimuli are largely unknown. Recent studies indicate that polyamine signalling is involved in direct interactions with different metabolic routes and intricate hormonal cross-talks. Here we discuss the integration of polyamines with other metabolic pathways by focusing on molecular mechanisms of their action in abiotic stress tolerance. Recent advances in the cross talk between polyamines and abscisic acid are discussed and integrated with processes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling, generation of nitric oxide, modulation of ion channel activities and Ca(2+) homeostasis, amongst others.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alcázar
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Altabella
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marco
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bortolotti
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reymond
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koncz
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.forename: Antonio F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Tiburcio
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D011073:Polyamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D011073:Polyamines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000040:Abscisic Acid