title: Interaction of imidacloprid with hemoglobin by fluorescence and circular dichroism.
abstract: Imidacloprid belongs to a major new class of insecticides, called neonicotinoids, which are accounting for 11-15% of the total insecticide market. The binding characteristics of insecticide imidacloprid with hemoglobin (Hb) have been studied by employing different spectroscopic techniques. The results proved the formation of complex between imidacloprid and Hb. Hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond dominated in the association reaction. Hydrophobic probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) competitive experiments indicated that the binding of imidacloprid to Hb primarily took place in hydrophobic regions. The distance between Hb donor and acceptor imidacloprid was 4.88 nm as derived from Förster's theory. Alternations of Hb secondary structure in the presence of imidacloprid were confirmed by synchronous fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. This study enriches our understanding of toxic effect of imidacloprid to the physiologically important protein Hb.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Road Haidian District, Beijing, China 100193.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Bin-Yue
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000817:Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005453:Fluorescence; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007093:Imidazoles; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C515594:8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid; D000817:Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007093:Imidazoles; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C435043:1-naphthalenesulfonic acid; C082359:imidacloprid