title: Myeloperoxidase and C-reactive protein have combined utility for long-term prediction of cardiovascular mortality after coronary angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the relative and combined value of oxidative stress biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing selective coronary angiography.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress participates in all stages of cardiovascular disease, from lipoprotein modification to plaque rupture, and biomarkers of oxidative stress predict development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Oxidative stress biomarkers merit investigation for the value they may offer for long-term cardiovascular risk prediction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitrotyrosine, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and antioxidant capacity were measured in a prospective cohort of 885 selective coronary angiography patients followed up for >13 years for cardiovascular mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MPO independently predicted CAD, and top tertile MPO levels predicted a 2.4-fold risk of cardiovascular mortality (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47 to 2.98), compared with patients with lowest tertile MPO levels. MPO also improved risk model discrimination and patient risk category classification. Elevations in multiple oxidative stress biomarkers predicted increased mortality risk; however, the strongest risk prediction was achieved by assessing MPO and C-reactive protein (CRP) together. Patients with either MPO or CRP elevated had 5.3-fold higher cardiovascular mortality risk (95% CI: 1.86 to 14.9), and patients with high levels of both MPO and CRP had a 4.3-fold risk compared with patients with only elevated marker (95% CI: 2.26 to 8.31). These results remained significant with adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and baseline disease burden.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MPO accurately predicted cardiovascular mortality risk in coronary angiography patients. Considering MPO and CRP together may improve long-term risk assessment and CAD patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Specialty Laboratory, James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Providence Heart+Lung Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia-St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. clheslop@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Claire L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Heslop
authors.forename: Jiri J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Frohlich
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D009195:Peroxidase