title: Hyperprolactinemia: different clinical expression in childhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperprolactinemia is the most common disturbance in pituitary gland secretion. Functional diversity of prolactin action is responsible for different initial clinical expressions of hyperprolactinemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated causes of hyperprolactinemia in 11 children and adolescents (6 females and 5 males), aged from 1.5 to 17.5 years. Children with primary hypothyroidism, iatrogenic hyperprolactinemia and adolescents with polycystic ovaries were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients had short stature or growth deceleration, the same number were clinically obese, 2 adolescent girls had secondary amenorrhea, 1 girl had premature thelarche and gynecomastia, and hypogonadism was the indication for the endocrinologic examination of two adolescent boys. Delayed pubertal development was present in both sexes. Hyperprolactinemia was also found in the youngest girl with multiple ovarian cysts. A very high prolactin (PRL) level was documented in the PRL profile of all patients (mean 2,553.00 +/- 1,020.97 mU/l). MRI of the pituitary was indicated and revealed 4 microprolactinomas, one congenital hypophyseal cyst and one tumor of the hypothalamus. Dopamine agonist treatment was efficacious in almost all the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperprolactinemic children expressed a wide variety of initial clinical presentations. The most common were growth and puberty disorders and obesity. PRL determination should be included in investigation protocols of obese and short stature children.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center, Nis, Serbia. endoljilja @ yahoo.com
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saranac
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zivanovic
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Radovanovic
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kostic
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Markovic
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miljkovic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D001971:Bromocriptine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D015175:Prolactinoma / Q000150:complications; D011628:Puberty, Delayed / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D001971:Bromocriptine