A high risk of life-threatening infectious complications in mycophenolate mofetil treatment for acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease.
We describe herein the clinical courses and outcomes of 26 patients who received oral mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for the treatment of steroid-resistant refractory or steroid-dependent acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a single institution. In most cases, 1,500 mg/day of MMF is a median dose (range 500-3,000 mg/day) and administered for 116.5 days (range 9-584 days) along with calcineurin inhibitors and steroids. Although 20 patients (77%) showed rapid improvement of GVHD symptoms, of 15 patients, 13 (87%) showed acute GVHD; of 11 patients, 7 (64%) showed chronic GVHD; most patients (54%) experienced infection during MMF administration, including 5 cases with life-threatening infection. Positive cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia was also observed in 19 patients (73%), but no patients developed CMV infection. Within the median follow-up of 12.5 months (range 0.5-67 months), 10 patients (39%) died. This small study demonstrates that MMF offers an alternative tool for rescuing steroid-refractory or steroid-dependent GVHD, but increases the risk of developing life-threatening infection.
Onishi
Chie
C
Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan.
Ohashi
Kazuteru
K
Sawada
Takeshi
T
Nakano
Mikako
M
Kobayashi
Takeshi
T
Yamashita
Takuya
T
Akiyama
Hideki
H
Sakamaki
Hisashi
H
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000741:Anemia, Aplastic / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D055815:Young Adult
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid