title: Long term follow-up of Parkinson's disease patients with impulse control disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are mainly triggered by dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previously, we failed to identify a relationship between the types of dopaminergic therapy and occurrence of ICDs in 33 PD patients. In this study, we aim to evaluate the outcome of ICD behaviors in the same patient group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 33 patients with ICDs, 22 patients were included. Demographics, dopaminergic therapy and disease severity were compared between two time points (Time 1: time of diagnosis of ICD, Time 2: last visit) and between patients who recovered from ICDs and with ongoing ICDs. Types of antipsychotic and antidepressant medication were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow-up period was 43.2 months. At Time 2 mean dopamine agonist (DA) dose was significantly lower, levodopa dose and total UPDRS score was significantly higher. ICDs were dissolved in 16 patients (73%), but persisted in six (27%). In ICD(+) subgroup, DA doses in Time 1 was found significantly higher than ICD(-). However, age, PD severity, disease duration and levodopa dosage were similar. Fourteen patients were prescribed atypical antipsychotics and 13 antidepressants. In ICD(+) group, symptoms of ICDs were mainly increased libido and compulsive eating.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although we studied a small number of patients the recovery from compulsive behaviors may be associated with the decrease in DA dosage and increase in levodopa. Furthermore, majority were given antipsychotic and/or antidepressant drugs. It is difficult to speculate which strategy could be more effective on the improvement of ICDs in such a small group. In patients who were on high doses of DA, ICDs could be persistent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Melis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sohtaoğlu
authors.forename: Derya Yavuz
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Demiray
authors.forename: Gülay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kenangil
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozekmekçi
authors.forename: Ethem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erginöz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D007980:Levodopa