title: Pharmacy students' knowledge of black box warnings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the progression of pharmacy students' knowledge of black box warnings across 3 years of didactic training, and to determine how they stay current with new warnings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey instrument was administered to pharmacy students in their first (P1), second (P2), and third (P3) professional years. The survey assessed student awareness of medications possessing a black box warning and familiarity with the warning content for 20 medications (15 with and 5 without warnings).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean number of correct responses identifying the presence or absence of a black box warning among the 20 medications were 5.8 +/- 3.3, 9.6 +/- 4.0, and 14.8 +/- 2.8 for the P1, P2, and P3 students, respectively. Knowledge of black box warning content was variable. Students were least aware of the warning content for stavudine and enoxaparin. Students were most familiar with the warning content for paroxetine and estrogen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Students' awareness and understanding of black box warnings was proportional to their educational progression, but their knowledge level was inconsistent across drug groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA. kmoeller@kumc.edu
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Moeller
authors.forename: Theresa I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Shireman
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Generali
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rigler
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mayorga
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004348:Drug Labeling / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000592:standards; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000592:standards*; D013339:Students, Pharmacy
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations