title: Lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase and autoimmunity: human genetics rediscovers tyrosine phosphatases.
abstract: A relatively large number of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are known to regulate signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR). Recent human genetics studies have shown that several of these PTPs are encoded by major autoimmunity genes. Here, we will focus on the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), a critical negative modulator of TCR signaling encoded by the PTPN22 gene. The functional analysis of autoimmune-associated PTPN22 genetic variants suggests that genetic variability of TCR signal transduction contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity in humans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: Tomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Mustelin
authors.forename: Nunzio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bottini
mesh_terms: D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D054596:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C516765:PTPN22 protein, human; D054596:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases