title: Temperature-dependent FlgM/FliA complex formation regulates Campylobacter jejuni flagella length.
abstract: Regulation of the biosynthesis of the flagellar filament in bacteria containing multiple flagellin genes is not well understood. The major food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni possesses on both poles a flagellum that consists of two different flagellin subunits, FlaA and FlaB. Here we identify the protein Cj1464 as a regulator of C. jejuni flagellin biosynthesis. The protein shares characteristics of the FlgM family of anti-sigma factor proteins: it represses transcription of sigma(28)-dependent genes, forms a complex with sigma factor FliA, and is secreted through the flagellar filament. However, unlike other FlgM proteins, the interaction of C. jejuni FlgM with FliA is regulated by temperature and the protein does not inhibit FliA activity during the formation of the hook-basal body complex (HBB). Instead, C. jejuni FlgM limits the length of the flagellar filament by suppressing the synthesis of both the sigma(28)- and the sigma(54)-dependent flagellins. The main function of the C. jejuni FlgM therefore is not to silence sigma(28)-dependent genes until the HBB is completed, but to prevent unlimited elongation of the flagellum, which otherwise leads to reduced bacterial motility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. M.Wosten@uu.nl
authors.forename: Marc M S M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wösten
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: Andreas K J
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Veenendaal
authors.forename: Marcel R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: de Zoete
authors.forename: Nancy M C
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Bleumink-Pluijm
authors.forename: Jos P M
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van Putten
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005407:Flagella / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005408:Flagellin / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008124:Locomotion; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C064971:FliA protein, Bacteria; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D012808:Sigma Factor; D005408:Flagellin; C071266:FlgM protein, Bacteria