title: Rhinoplasty in the patient of African descent.
abstract: We are in the midst of truly changing times, as patients of African descent actively embrace facial cosmetic surgery. Gaining surgical consistency in patients of African descent has proven to be elusive and unpredictable for many rhinoplasty surgeons. Surgical success relies on the surgeon's ability precisely to identify anatomic variables and reconcile these anatomic realities with the patient's expectations for aesthetic improvement and ethnic identity. An appreciation for underlying heritage provides a link culturally to connect with prospective patients and serves as a tool for establishing realistic aesthetic goals. This article highlights the significance of exploring ancestry in the rhinoplasty consultation; identifies key anatomic variables in the nasal tip, dorsum, and alar base; and reviews surgical logic that has facilitated the achievement of consistent, balanced aesthetic outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Center for Aesthetic Modernism, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. drharris@aestheticmodernism.com
authors.forename: Monte O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D004954:Esthetics; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*