title: Exercise dependence and the drive for muscularity in male bodybuilders, power lifters, and fitness lifters.
abstract: Researchers have hypothesized differences in exercise dependence and drive for muscularity between bodybuilders and power lifters, while others have not found the predicted differences. This study assessed 146 weight lifters (bodybuilders, n=59; power lifters, n=47; fitness lifters, n=40) on the Exercise Dependence Scale, Bodybuilding Dependence Scale, and the Drive for Muscularity Scale. Results showed that bodybuilders and power lifters were significantly higher than fitness lifters on EDS Total, 7 EDS scales, and the 3 BDS scales. In contrast, power lifters were found to be significantly higher on DMS Total and DMS Behavior scales than bodybuilders. The regression results suggest that exercise dependence may be directly related to the drive for muscularity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Penn State-Berks, Reading, 19610, United States. bdh1@psu.edu
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Ryan E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: DeLong
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Briggs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D001828:Body Image; D004328:Drive; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057228:Masculinity; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult