title: Ultrasonographic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients with Graves' disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize ultrasonographic findings in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) combined with Graves' disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records and ultrasonographic findings of 1,013 patients with Graves' disease and 3,380 patients without Graves' disease were analyzed retrospectively. A diagnosis of PTC was based on a pathologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of hypoechogenicity was lower in patients with PTC and Graves' disease than in patients with PTC alone (p < 0.05). The frequency of perinodular blood flow in patients with PTC and Graves' disease was significantly higher than in those with PTC alone (p < 0.05). PTC combined with Graves' disease was characterized by more ill-defined borders and less frequency of overall calcification, punctate calcification, and heterogeneous echogenicity, although the difference was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that patients with Graves' disease more frequently have atypical PTC findings on ultrasonography.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Ook
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Dong Hyeok
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Dong Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Min Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*