title: Formation of two consecutive intrathecal catheter tip granulomas within nine months.
abstract: The formation of catheter tip granulomas is an increasingly observed serious complication of intrathecally administered medication. This complication, which is frequently associated with neurological disturbances, has previously been attributed to high dosages and high concentrations of intrathecal morphine. Much less commonly, intrathecal hydromorphone and intrathecal baclofen have also been associated with intrathecal granuloma formation. In the current case, we report a patient who developed her fi rst catheter tip granuloma after 20 months of intrathecal morphine. After surgical granuloma removal and installation of a new catheter, the patient received intrathecal ziconitide for an interim period of six months. Because of a progressive inefficacy, ziconitide was replaced by hydromorphone. One month later, only nine months after the fi rst operative granuloma removal, a new catheter tip granuloma required a further surgical intervention. This case report highlights the potential of intrathecal morphine and hydromorphone to form consecutive inflammatory granulomas within the same patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fi rst report of a patient developing two consecutive catheter tip granulomas within nine months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland. petra.hoederath@kssg.ch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoederath
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Gautschi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Fournier
mesh_terms: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007278:Injections, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007796:Laminectomy; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D020960:omega-Conotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D020960:omega-Conotoxins; D009020:Morphine; C078452:ziconotide; D004091:Hydromorphone