title: Promoter hypermethylation of CIDEA, HAAO and RXFP3 associated with microsatellite instability in endometrial carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  DNA promoter methylation is an epigenetic phenomenon for long-term gene silencing during tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study is to identify novel hypermethylated loci associated with clinicopathologic variables in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  To find hypermethylated promoter loci, we used differential methylation hybridization coupling with microarray and further validated by combined bisulfite restriction analysis and MassARRAY assay. Methylation levels of candidate loci were corrected with clinicopathologic factors of endometrial carcinomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased promoter methylation of CIDE, HAAO and RXFP3 was detected in endometrial carcinomas compared with adjacent normal tissues, and was associated with decreased gene expression of all three genes. In a clinical cohort, promoter hypermethylation on CIDEA, HAAO and RXFP3 was detected in 85, 63 and 71% of endometrial carcinomas, respectively (n=118, P<0.001) compared with uninvolved normal endometrium. Methylation status of CIDEA, HAAO and RXFP3 had significant association with microsatellite instability in tumors (P<0.001). Furthermore, methylation levels of HAAO were further found to relate to disease-free survivals (P=0.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypermethylation of CIDEA, HAAO and RXFP3 promoter regions appears to be a frequent event in endometrial carcinomas. Hypermethylation at these loci is strongly associated with microsatellite instability status. Moreover, HAAO methylation predicts disease-free survival in this cohort of patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jingqin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yu-I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Mutch
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Goodfellow
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Tim H-M
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D050561:3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-Dioxygenase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D008875:Middle Aged; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C502539:CIDEA protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C410092:RXFP3 protein, human; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D050561:3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-Dioxygenase