Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for biomarkers of alcohol abuse in human hair.
We present the development of a new, faster analytical method for the determination of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) in human hair to detect potential alcohol abuse. FAEEs have been established as metabolites of ethanol consumption in humans and are embedded in the hair follicles during hair growth. The developed method has a total analysis time-including washing, extraction, concentration, separation, and detection-of less than 1 hour. Commonly used extraction procedures in the literature for these biomarkers are typically 15 hours. Analysis is performed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with a GC separation time of less than 9 minutes. Using chemical ionization, mass spectrometric detection consists of selected reaction monitoring, which is widely considered to be one of the most selective and sensitive forms of mass spectrometric detection. Employing selected reaction monitoring helps to reduce interferences from the hair matrix, thereby making the method more selective for these biomarkers of interest. Limits of detection for each FAEE range from 0.002 to 0.030 ng/mg in hair. By using this faster extraction method, this research shows that this method could potentially be used to distinguish whether a person is a heavy drinker, moderate drinker, or nondrinker. The ability to rapidly analyze hair samples can be applied to a number of different areas, such as neonatal screening, parole violations, contributing factors in the cause of death, and any other application requiring the establishment of chronic versus acute alcohol abuse.
Zimmermann
Carolyn M
CM
Clippinger Laboratories, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA.
Jackson
Glen P
GP
D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000378:metabolism*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D013695:Temperance
D015415:Biomarkers