title: Anti-leukaemic effects of two extract types of Lactuca sativa correlate with the activation of Chk2, induction of p21, downregulation of cyclin D1 and acetylation of alpha-tubulin.
abstract: The water extract of the lettuce Lactuca sativa, but not the ethyl acetate extract, inhibited the growth of HL-60 leukaemia cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. This correlated with the activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), the induction of the tumour suppressor p21, and the severe downregulation of the proto-oncogene cyclin D1. The ethyl acetate extract, but not the water extract, induced HL-60 cell death, which correlated with the acetylation of alpha-tubulin. The acetylation of alpha-tubulin is indicative for microtubuli stabilisation such as induced by taxol. The calculated amount for human intake would require approximately 3 kg lettuce to reach the required concentration shown to inhibit 50% HL-60 proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gridling
authors.forename: Ruxandra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Popescu
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Liselotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krenn
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krupitza
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D018545:Lactuca / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D014404:Tubulin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D014404:Tubulin; D019938:Cyclin D1; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; C578634:CHEK2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases