title: Gender-related differences in response to mutagens and carcinogens.
abstract: The incidences of many cancers can be very different in men and women. Besides differences in exposures to putative causative agents, it is plausible that both genetic and epigenetic effects play roles in these differences. In addition, gender-specific lifestyle and behavioural factors may modulate the effects of exposure to genotoxins. This commentary focuses on several aspects of gender-related differences in responses to mutagens and carcinogens, including sensitivity to chromosome damage, the contribution of genotypic variation and the role of DNA methylation. It is concluded that the reasons for gender differences in cancer susceptibility remain largely unknown in many cases, and the subject deserves more attention and study.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. mkirschv@vub.ac.be
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirsch-Volders
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonassi
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Herceg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirvonen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000235:genetics; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D009153:Mutagens