title: PEA-15 inhibits tumorigenesis in an MDA-MB-468 triple-negative breast cancer xenograft model through increased cytoplasmic localization of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of PEA-15 in breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A reverse-phase protein array was used to measure PEA-15 expression levels in 320 human breast cancers; these levels were correlated with clinical and tumor characteristics. PEA-15 was overexpressed by an adenovirus vector or by stably expressing PEA-15 in different breast cancer cell lines. The effects on breast cancer cell survival and on the downstream apoptotic signaling pathway were measured in terms of cell proliferation (trypan blue for cell viability, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation for DNA synthesis), anchorage-independent growth (soft agar colony formation), and apoptosis (fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis). The preclinical efficacy of Ad.PEA-15 given intratumorally was evaluated in nude mice bearing tumors from s.c. implanted human MDA-MB-468 triple-negative breast cancer cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In human breast cancers, low levels of PEA-15 expression correlated with high nuclear grade (P < 0.0001) and with negative hormone receptor status (P = 0.0004). Overexpression of PEA-15 in breast cancer cells resulted in growth inhibition, reduction in DNA synthesis, and onset of caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. In athymic nude mice bearing MDA-MB-468 xenografts, tumor volumes were significantly smaller in mice treated intratumorally with Ad.PEA-15 than in control mice (P < 0.0001). Tumors from mice treated with Ad.PEA-15 had increased levels of activated (phosphorylated) extracellular signal-regulated kinase and reduced levels of Ki-67 compared with tumors from nontreated or control-adenovirus-treated mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEA-15 has therapeutic potential in breast cancer. Further preclinical and clinical exploration of PEA-15 as a druggable target is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bartholomeusz
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Angulo
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazansky
authors.forename: Savitri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Linda X H
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Fumiyuki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Shuying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Dongwei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Esteva
authors.forename: Gabriel N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Hortobagyi
authors.forename: Naoto T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Ueno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C092039:PEA15 protein, human; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020169:Caspases