title: Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine modulates lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in human subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of glycine propionyl-L-carnitine (GPLC) to decrease lipid peroxidation, elevate nitric oxide, and improve blood lipid profiles in human subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty untrained, normolipidemic subjects performed eight weeks of supervised aerobic exercise while supplementing GPLC at one of two doses (1 or 3 grams daily of PLC + glycine) or placebo, following random assignment in a double-blind manner. Fasting blood samples were analyzed at rest for malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and lipids before and after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Malondialdehyde was decreased (p<0.05) from pre- to post-intervention with 1 g GPLC (1.08+/-0.24 vs. 0.69+/-0.25 micromol.L (-1)) and 3 g GPLC (0.94+/-0.18 vs. 0.66+/-0.17 micromol.L (-1)), but did not change statistically (p>0.05) with placebo (1.12+/-0.21 vs. 1.03+/-0.23 micromol.L (-1)). Nitric oxide was increased (p<0.05) from pre- to post-intervention with 3 g GPLC (21.34+/-2.27 vs. 29.46+/-3.61 micromol.L (-1)), but did not change statistically (p>0.05) with 1 g GPLC (23.22+/-4.13 vs. 26.24+/-4.32 micromol.L (-1)) or placebo (24.31+/-3.90 vs. 26.14+/-4.11 micromol.L (-1)). No main effects or interaction effects were noted for blood lipids (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GPLC supplementation combined with eight weeks of aerobic exercise decreases lipid peroxidation and elevates nitric oxide, but does not further improve blood lipid profiles in normolipidemic subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA. rbloomer@memphis.edu
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bloomer
authors.forename: Lesley C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Tschume
authors.forename: Webb A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D002331:Carnitine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005998:Glycine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; C003223:propionylcarnitine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002784:Cholesterol; D002331:Carnitine; D005998:Glycine