title: Exercise-induced delayed onset of left ventricular early relaxation in association with coronary microcirculatory dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The initiation of ventricular diastole is an energy-dependent phase of cardiac cycle. Delayed onset of left ventricular (LV) relaxation has been proposed to identify myocardial ischemia. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to be associated with coronary microangiopathy, but its influence on LV early relaxation is not established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-two subjects consisting of 70 DM patients without overt cardiac disease and 22 normal controls were evaluated. Using strain rate imaging, time from R-wave on the electrocardiogram to onset of LV relaxation (Tr) was measured at rest and peak exercise. Using myocardial contrast echocardiography, myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured at rest and peak exercise, enabling MBF reserve. Tr at rest was similar between DM patients and controls, but Tr at peak exercise was significantly longer in DM patients than controls. MBF reserve was significantly reduced in DM patients compared with controls. There was a significant negative correlation between Tr at peak exercise and MBF reserve. In a multivariate analysis, MBF reserve was an independent determinant of Tr at peak exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that DM patients have exercise-induced delayed onset of LV relaxation in association with impaired coronary microcirculatory function in the absence of coexistent heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000503:physiopathology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D018617:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology