title: The impact of levodopa on quality of life in patients with Parkinson disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with a progressive decline in patient quality of life (QoL), because of motor and nonmotor manifestations of PD and treatment-related side effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with carbidopa/levodopa-the current gold standard therapy-improves QoL in the short term, but gains are not maintained over a long term. Long-term treatment is associated with symptom re-emergence (end-of-dose "wearing off") and development of dyskinesia, which may have an adverse impact on QoL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levodopa (LD; combined with carbidopa) remains the gold standard for symptomatic treatment of PD, but long-term treatment is associated with complications that may adversely affect QoL. Recent studies have suggested that the addition of a catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor may improve QoL through the reduction of some of the motor complications of LD therapy. Further studies are required to determine the full effects of this as well as other treatments that are used to manage LD-associated complications on QoL.
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorder Clinic, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. ksethi@mcg.edu
authors.forename: Kapil D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Sethi
mesh_terms: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa