title: Efficacy and safety of naproxcinod in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a 13-week prospective, randomized, multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the cyclooxygenase-inhibiting nitric-oxide donator, naproxcinod, compared with naproxen and placebo in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.
  
  
  METHODS
  918 eligible patients were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with either naproxcinod 375 mg, naproxcinod 750 mg, naproxen 500 mg or placebo, twice daily for 13 weeks. The primary objective was to show superiority of naproxcinod compared to placebo. Main efficacy criteria were assessment of pain and physical function using the Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and patients' overall rating of disease status (Likert scale). The main secondary objectives were to show that naproxcinod was non-inferior to naproxen 500 mg and to evaluate overall safety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both doses of naproxcinod were statistically and clinically superior to placebo in relieving signs and symptoms of OA of the knee after 13 weeks of treatment, as demonstrated by all three co-primary endpoints (P< or =0.0003). The evaluation of the other secondary efficacy measures was consistent with the primary endpoint results. Naproxcinod 750 mg was non-inferior to equimolar doses of naproxen 500 mg in the Intent-to-Treat (ITT) population. 24.5% of patients discontinued prematurely, with a higher incidence in the placebo group (18.6%) than the active groups (4.3-7.1%) discontinuing due to lack of efficacy. Both doses of naproxcinod were well-tolerated, with most adverse events being mild or moderate. Compared to placebo, naproxcinod 750 mg and 375 mg showed a similar blood pressure (BP) profile in contrast to naproxen which increased BP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrated the clinical efficacy and safety of naproxcinod in the management of the signs and symptoms of OA. Naproxcinod was well-tolerated, with BP effects similar to placebo and different from naproxen. Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT00542555.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. tjs@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Schnitzer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kivitz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frayssinet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duquesroix
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009288:Naproxen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; C111751:naproxen-n-butyl nitrate; D009288:Naproxen