title: Retroperitoneal abscess with concomitant hepatic portal venous gas and rectal perforation: a rare triad of complications of acute appendicitis. A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While retroperitoneal abscess is a known complication, hepatic portal venous gas and rectal perforation have not been reported as a concomitant sequelae of acute appendicitis. Here we report a case of a patient with a perforated appendicitis that was associated with these triad of complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  In addition to report our case, we carefully reviewed the literature in order to detect similar cases and the causes of such rare conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 26 cases (including our patient) of acute appendicitis complicated by retroperitoneal abscesses have been published in the English literature between 1955 and 2008. There was one case having hepatic portal venous gas, and one further case with a rectal perforation associated with acute appendicitis. All patients with retroperitoneal abscess presented with non specific clinic symptoms that not revealed any suspicion for such a complicated disease. Hence, delayed diagnosis and treatment are not uncommon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  So far, no patient has been described with such a triad of rare complications related to acute appendicitis. We want to emphasize the insidious onset of retroperitoneal abscess formation, and the need of prompt recognition and adequate treatment to avoid deleterious outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. demartines@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diana
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paroz
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Demartines
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schäfer