title: Male gender and renal dysfunction are predictors of adverse outcome in nonpostoperative ischemic colitis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ischemic colitis (IC) spans a broad spectrum from self-limiting illness to intestinal gangrene and mortality. Prognostic factors specifically for nonpostoperative IC were not fully characterized. We aim to focus on nonpostoperative IC in patients with renal dysfunction and try to identify prognostic factors for adverse outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective analysis at a university-affiliated tertiary medical center in Taiwan. From January 2003 to August 2008, 25 men and 52 women (mean age: 66 y) had colonoscopic biopsy-proven IC without prior culprit surgery. We estimated glomerular filtration rate with simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. Nine patients with glomerular filtration rate below 30 mL per minute per 1.73 m were classified as renal dysfunction group (including 7 dialysis patients). Adverse outcomes were defined as need for surgery and mortality. Predictors for adverse outcomes were captured by univariate and multivariate analysis. Research ethical committee approved the study protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with renal dysfunction more often had: diabetes mellitus (56% vs. 16%, P=0.02), prolonged symptoms (6.8 d vs. 3.5 d, P=0.01), lower hemoglobin (11.1 g/dL vs. 13.4 g/dL, P=0.01), and more often right colonic involvement (56% vs. 19%, P=0.03). Renal dysfunction patients also had longer hospitalization days (median 15 d vs. 4 d, P=0.045). However, there was no statistical significance in the rate of either surgery or mortality between these 2 groups (P>0.05). Univariate analysis showed that renal dysfunction, sex, emergency department referral, presentation with abdominal pain were significant for adverse outcome (P<0.1). Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex conveyed 9.5-fold risk (P=0.01) and renal dysfunction conveyed 8.5-fold risk (P=0.03) for adverse outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonpostoperative IC patients with concurrent renal dysfunction had distinct clinical profiles. Multivariate analysis showed that male patients had 9.5-fold and renal dysfunction patients had 8.5-fold increased risk for adverse outcomes. Although IC is often self-limited, our data warrants special attention and aggressive therapy in treating these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital daggerGraduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Chun
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hsiu-Po
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Han-Mo
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Wan-Ching
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.forename: Mei-Jyh
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Linda C H
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chia-Tung
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jaw-Town
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ming-Shiang
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017091:Colitis, Ischemic / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins