title: Nucleosome dynamics define transcriptional enhancers.
abstract: Chromatin plays a central role in eukaryotic gene regulation. We performed genome-wide mapping of epigenetically marked nucleosomes to determine their position both near transcription start sites and at distal regulatory elements, including enhancers. In prostate cancer cells, where androgen receptor binds primarily to enhancers, we found that androgen treatment dismisses a central nucleosome present at androgen receptor binding sites that is flanked by a pair of marked nucleosomes. A new quantitative model built on the behavior of such nucleosome pairs correctly identified regions bound by the regulators of the immediate androgen response, including androgen receptor and FOXA1. More importantly, this model also correctly predicted previously unidentified binding sites for other transcription factors present after prolonged androgen stimulation, including OCT1 and NKX3-1. Therefore, quantitative modeling of enhancer structure provides a powerful predictive method to infer the identity of transcription factors involved in cellular responses to specific stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Housheng Hansen
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Clifford A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Hyunjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Shannon T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Qianben
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kexin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lupien
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mieczkowski
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lieb
authors.forename: Keji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Myles
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: X Shirley
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D051541:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000502:physiology*; D050811:Octamer Transcription Factor-1 / Q000235:genetics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; C496499:FOXA1 protein, human; D051541:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C491178:NKX3-1 protein, human; D009707:Nucleosomes; D050811:Octamer Transcription Factor-1; C494165:POU2F1 protein, human; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D014157:Transcription Factors