title: Hemopressins and other hemoglobin-derived peptides in mouse brain: comparison between brain, blood, and heart peptidome and regulation in Cpefat/fat mice.
abstract: Many hemoglobin-derived peptides are present in mouse brain, and several of these have bioactive properties including the hemopressins, a related series of peptides that bind to cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Although hemoglobin is a major component of red blood cells, it is also present in neurons and glia. To examine whether the hemoglobin-derived peptides in brain are similar to those present in blood and heart, we used a peptidomics approach involving mass spectrometry. Many hemoglobin-derived peptides are found only in brain and not in blood, whereas all hemoglobin-derived peptides found in heart were also seen in blood. Thus, it is likely that the majority of the hemoglobin-derived peptides detected in brain are produced from brain hemoglobin and not erythrocytes. We also examined if the hemopressins and other major hemoglobin-derived peptides were regulated in the Cpe(fat/fat) mouse; previously these mice were reported to have elevated levels of several hemoglobin-derived peptides. Many, but not all of the hemoglobin-derived peptides were elevated in several brain regions of the Cpe(fat/fat) mouse. Taken together, these findings suggest that the post-translational processing of alpha and beta hemoglobin into the hemopressins, as well as other peptides, is up-regulated in some but not all Cpe(fat/fat) mouse brain regions.
authors.affiliation: Dominic P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Julia S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gelman
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sironi
authors.forename: Leandro M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Emer S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: Lloyd D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Fricker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D020543:Proteome; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C473218:hemopressin