title: Phase I/II study of combination therapy with sorafenib, idarubicin, and cytarabine in younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
abstract: PURPOSE To determine the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of sorafenib, cytarabine, and idarubicin in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) younger than age 65 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the phase I part of the study, 10 patients with relapsed AML were treated with escalating doses of sorafenib with chemotherapy to establish the feasibility of the combination. We then treated 51 patients (median age, 53 years; range, 18 to 65 years) who had previously untreated AML with cytarabine at 1.5 g/m(2) by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion daily for 4 days (3 days if > 60 years of age), idarubicin at 12 mg/m(2) IV daily for 3 days, and sorafenib at 400 mg orally twice daily for 7 days. RESULTS Overall, 38 (75%) patients have achieved a complete remission (CR), including 14 (93%) of 15 patients with mutated FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3; the 15th patient had complete remission with incomplete platelet recovery [CRp]) and 24 (66%) of 36 patients with FLT3 wild-type (WT) disease (three additional FLT3-WT patients had CRp). FLT3-mutated patients were more likely to achieve a CR than FLT3-WT patients (P = .033). With a median follow-up of 54 weeks (range, 8 to 87 weeks), the probability of survival at 1 year is 74%. Among the FLT3-mutated patients, 10 have relapsed and five remain in CR with a median follow-up of 62 weeks (range, 10 to 76 weeks). Plasma inhibitory assay demonstrated an on-target effect on FLT3 kinase activity. CONCLUSION Sorafenib can be safely combined with chemotherapy, produces a high CR rate in FLT3-mutated patients, and inhibits FLT3 signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 428, Houston, TX 77030, USA. fravandi@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ravandi
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faderl
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garcia-Manero
authors.forename: Marina Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Konopleva
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Zeev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Estrov
authors.forename: Gautam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borthakur
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Sherry R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.forename: B Nebiyou
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Bekele
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pratz
authors.forename: Rajyalakshmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luthra
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levis
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreeff
authors.forename: Hagop M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kantarjian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015255:Idarubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077157:Sorafenib; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; D003561:Cytarabine; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib; C497970:FLT3 protein, human; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3; D015255:Idarubicin