title: Leishmaniases and the Cyprus paradox.
abstract: In Cyprus, leishmaniasis has been considered exclusively a veterinary problem. It was prevalent before 1945, and until its recent reemergence, it was nearly eradicated by 1996 as a consequence of the destruction of reservoir hosts and vectors. A survey carried out to provide an unbiased estimate of current transmission rates in dogs and humans showed a 9-fold increase in dog seroprevalence (reaching 14.9%) compared with 10 years ago. However, no human cases caused by Leishmania infantum were detected, although L. donovani cases were reported recently. The 62 strains isolated from dogs were typed as L. infantum MON-1 (98.4%), which is the predominating zymodeme in the Mediterranean region, and MON-98 (1.6%). The Phlebotomus species P. tobbi (vector of L. infantum in Cyprus), P. galilaeus, and P. papatasi were the predominant species captured. Two transmission cycles seem to run in parallel in Cyprus: in dogs with L. infantum and in humans with L. donovani.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Services of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazeris
authors.forename: Ketty
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soteriadou
authors.forename: Jean Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dedet
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haralambous
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsatsaris
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moschandreas
authors.forename: Ippokratis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Messaritakis
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Christodoulou
authors.forename: Byron
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ivovic
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pratlong
authors.forename: Fedias
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Loucaides
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antoniou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003535:Cyprus / Q000453:epidemiology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010691:Phlebotomus; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013045:Species Specificity