title: Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection (HPV) and correlation with postmenopausal hormonal therapy in Thai women aged more than 45 years old.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection and to evaluate the association between high-risk HPV infection and hormone replacement therapy in Thai women 45 years old and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present cross-sectional study was performed in 600 women aged 45 years old and older who attended the menopausal clinic of Phramongkutklao Hospital. There were 191 hormone users and 392 non-hormone users. The HPV DNA was studied in cellular residual from liquid-based collection tube and analyzed with a hybrid capture two techniques using a mix of high risk viral RNA probe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was 34 (5.67%) of 600 participants. When divided by status of hormone users, the prevalence of this infection in non-users, past user group, and current user group was 5.36%, 4.96%, and 10.00% respectively There was non-significantly elevated risk among past (adjusted odd ratio (OR) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.36-2.34) and current (adjusted OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 0.80-4.81) hormonal users compared to never users. However, women who currently used unopposed estrogen orally had a statistically significant higher risk of high-risk HPV detection (adjusted OR = 9.82, 95% CI = 3.02-31.89).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection in Thai women 45 years old and older was 5.67%. The oral, unopposed estrogen was associated with a higher incidence of high-risk HPV infection, but a small number of hormonal users. Further investigations are needed.
authors.affiliation: Menopausal Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. pongrak_bo@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Pongrak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boonyanurak
authors.forename: Suthee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panichakul
authors.forename: Kittisak
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilawan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017698:Postmenopause; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral