title: The incidence of intrinsic and extrinsic ligament injuries in scaphoid waist fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of associated intrinsic and extrinsic ligament injuries in patients with a nondisplaced or displaced scaphoid waist fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 3-year period, a study of all scaphoid fractures was performed at our institution. Diagnosis was confirmed by plain radiographs, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. A 3-part anatomic classification was used to categorize the scaphoid fractures. The study population comprised 40 patients with 41 scaphoid waist fractures who had wrist arthroscopy for treatment and evaluation of the scaphoid fracture and associated carpal injuries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed fresh intrinsic ligament injuries in 34 of 41 wrists. In 29 cases, the scapholunate ligament was injured, with complete rupture occurring in 10 wrists. The lunotriquetral ligament was injured in 8 wrists, and the triangular fibrocartilage complex was injured in 11 wrists. Statistically, the number of intrinsic ligament injuries did not differ between nondisplaced and displaced scaphoid fractures (p> .30).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study of acute scaphoid waist fractures, the overall incidence of associated ligament injuries was surprisingly high, at 34 of 41 wrists. Complete scapholunate ligament rupture was found in 10 of 41 wrists. This incidence is higher than previously reported and emphasizes the need for careful assessment of the intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments, particularly the scapholunate ligament, before deciding on treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery and Department of Radiology, Malmö University Hospital, University of Lund, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden. peter.jorgsholm@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jørgsholm
authors.forename: Niels O B
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Björkman
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Besjakov
authors.forename: Sven-Olof
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Abrahamsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001182:Arthroscopy; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000293:injuries*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D021361:Scaphoid Bone / Q000293:injuries*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014954:Wrist Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery