title: Clinical study of upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with low-dose aspirin in Japanese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to clarify the prevalence and various clinical factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) associated with low-dose aspirin (LDA) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 6,807 patients who were under treatment with LDA at our hospital between January 2003 and November 2007. They had kept taking the LDA or started treatment in the study period and kept taking the whole period of observation. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed 453 patients of these patients, and 71 were diagnosed as LDA-associated UGIB. We examined the prevalence and various clinical factors of UGIB associated with LDA treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The occurrence rate of UGIB was 0.209 UGIB per 100 patient-years at least. The multivariate odds ratio of LDA-associated UGIB was 3.318 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.650-6.671, p = 0.0008) for a history of peptic ulcer, 0.086 (95% CI: 0.011-0.652, p = 0.0176) for the use of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) with LDA, and 0.253 (95% CI: 0.113-0.569, p = 0.0009) for the use of a histamine type 2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) with LDA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that a history of peptic ulcer significantly increases the risk of LDA-associated UGIB. Regular use of a PPI or a H2RA effectively decreases the risk.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hiratsuka City Hospital, Hiratsuka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inamori
authors.forename: Kento
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imajo
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nonaka
authors.forename: Tadahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Atsukawa
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Etsuo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakajima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001241:Aspirin