title: The natural history of anencephaly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early elective termination of pregnancy is the most common outcome of a diagnosis of anencephaly in developed countries. Experience and expertise with management of ongoing pregnancies is limited. We aimed to investigate the natural history of these pregnancies from diagnosis to delivery and to determine timing of death.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of cases of anencephaly diagnosed between 2003 and 2009 in tertiary-referral university teaching hospitals in Cork.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of cases (25/26; 96%) were diagnosed prenatally at a median gestation of 21(+2) weeks (range 13(+4)-32(+4)). The median maternal age was 30 years (range 17-41) and 50% were primigravidae. Seven pregnancies were complicated by polyhydramnios and four deliveries were complicated by shoulder dystocia. The median gestation at delivery was 35 weeks (range 22(+5)-42(+6)); 69% of labours were induced at a median gestation of 34 weeks. Six women (6/26; 23%) had a pre-labour intrauterine fetal death and nine women (9/26; 35%) had an intrapartum fetal death. Median neonatal survival time was 55 min (range 10 min to 8 days). Six parents donated neonatal organs for transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides useful information for health professionals caring for patients with a diagnosis of anencephaly. The majority of these infants die prior to delivery but short-term survival is possible.
authors.affiliation: Anu Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Ireland.
authors.forename: Nidaa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Obeidi
authors.forename: Noirin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Keelin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000757:Anencephaly / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D055815:Young Adult