title: Long-term efficacy of the bone-anchored male sling for moderate and severe stress urinary incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a prospective long-term evaluation of the bone-anchored male sling (InVance™, American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, MN, USA) for patients with moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after prostate surgery
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients had a male sling implanted for SUI after prostate surgery. The evaluation before and after surgery included a complete history and physical examination, various questionnaires (American Urological Association Symptom Score, University of California Los Angeles/RAND prostate index), cysto-urethroscopy, International Continence Society (ICS) 1-h pad test and a urodynamic study. The follow-up assessments were at 2, 6 and 12 months after surgery, and yearly thereafter. The success rate was defined as the percentage of patients 'dry' and 'improved'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (range) follow-up was 36 (2-64) months. Twelve patients (27%) had previous adjuvant radiotherapy. Eighteen patients (40%) had moderate SUI (two or three pads/day) and 27 (60%) had severe SUI (more than three pads/day). All preoperative ICS 1-h pad tests were positive. The success rate was 76%; 16 patients were dry (36%), 18 were improved (one or two pads/day, 40%) and in 11 the sling was a failure (24%); 76% of ICS 1-h pad tests were negative after surgery. The postoperative urodynamic study showed no signs of bladder outlet obstruction. In all, 72% of patients were satisfied/very satisfied with the surgery and 86% considered themselves cured/almost cured. The success rate was not affected by the presence of previous radiotherapy or the severity of SUI. Ten patients had perineal numbness, but in all it resolved within 1-3 months. There was one mesh infection which required its removal. There was no urethral erosion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to previous studies, the InVance male sling had a good success rate for moderate and severe SUI, with a median follow-up of 36 months. The results did not differ for moderate or severe SUI or with the presence of previous radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Department of Urology, Québec, Canada. maude.carmel@usherbrooke.ca
authors.forename: Maude
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carmel
authors.forename: Bechir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hage
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmutz
authors.forename: Le Mai
authors.initials: le M
authors.lastname: Tu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011469:Prostatic Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D053825:Suburethral Slings; D053441:Suture Anchors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*