title: Gender differences in fatigue associated with acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fatigue is a symptom of acute myocardial infarction (AMI); however, few studies have characterized the fatigue associated with AMI in men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The convenience sample included 88 men and 28 women admitted with a diagnosis of AMI at 6 Midwestern facilities. Data were collected upon hospital admission and 30 days after discharge. A total of 37 men and 10 women responded to the 30-day questionnaires. The Profile of Mood States Fatigue (POMS-F) subscale was used to measure fatigue and the Depression-Dejection subscale to measure depressed mood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, significant gender differences were found, with women more likely to have higher POMS-F scores (15.80, SD = 7.33) than men (11.19, SD = 7.04, P = .004). Significant gender differences were also found at 30 days (t = 2.40, df = 45, P = .02). POMS-F scores for women were higher at baseline, with decreased fatigue levels 30 days after discharge (t = 5.36, df = 9, P < or = .05). No differences were found in POMS-F scores for men (t = 1.26, df = 36, P = .213) between baseline and 30 days after discharge. Fatigue was associated with depressed mood and gender at baseline (R(2) = 0.48, P < .05) and 30 days after discharge (R(2) = 0.308, P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this sample, fatigue at baseline and at 30 days after discharge was associated with gender and depressed mood. Women reported high levels of fatigue with AMI and lower fatigue after discharge. Men reported moderate to high fatigue levels, which did not change over time. Further research is needed to discern fatigue patterns before and after AMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA. michelle@michellefennessy.com
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fennessy
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Ann L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Eckhardt
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Donna K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.forename: Kathryn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: VanderZwan
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Julie Johnson
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zerwic
mesh_terms: D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011594:Psychometrics; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology