title: [A 1:2 matched case-control study on the interaction of HPV16E6 and HLA-DR9 allele to esophageal cancer in Kazakh ethnicity, Xinjiang].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role and the association between HPV16E6 infection and HLA-DR9 immune-associated gene to esophageal cancer (EC) in Kazakh of Xinjiang, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted with 63 cases of EC and 126 controls involved. The controls were matched by sex, nationality, area of residence and age within 5-year difference. HPV16E6 and HLA-DR9 allele were identified by PCR-SSP. Interaction was performed to identify risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV16E6 infection and HLA-DR9 allele positive status were the risk factors for EC, with OR values as 2.67 (95%CI: 1.38 - 5.17) and 3.83 (95%CI: 1.48 - 9.96) respectively. The rate of HPV16E6 infection in individuals with HLA-DR9 allele was different from the ones who were HLA-DR9 allele free (chi(2) = 7.57, P = 0.006), with OR value as 5.79 (95%CI: 1.53 - 21.87). In the controls, the rates of HPV16E6 infection were 22.2% and 16.2% among individuals with HLA-DR9 allele atatus as positive or negative, and without statistically significant difference. Interaction analysis showed there was an interaction of HPV16E6 with HLA-DR9 and were higher than the sum of the two factors presented individually.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, we found that the HLA-DR9 allele and HPV16E6 infection had a function of synergy in the process of malignant transformation of esophageal epithelial cells, and jointly promoting the occurrence and development of EC.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Pei-hua
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jiang-mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Tong-xia
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jin-feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059810:HLA-DR Serological Subtypes; D006801:Humans; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C068651:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059810:HLA-DR Serological Subtypes; C038988:HLA-DR9 antigen; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D012097:Repressor Proteins