title: Characterization of pediatric Wilms' tumor using Raman and fluorescence spectroscopies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Raman spectroscopy has been successfully demonstrated as an effective tool for tissue characterization and diagnosis, but nearly all studies have interrogated adult tissues and diseases. In this study, we demonstrate the application of Raman spectroscopy and its background autofluorescence for pediatric Wilms' tumor diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight tumors were measured in this study, along with matched normal kidney tissue in 6 cases. Spectral comparisons were drawn, and diagnostic use was assessed using both the Raman spectral features as well as the inherent tissue fluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fluorescent background spectra were able to discriminate normal kidney from Wilms' tumor with 81% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The Raman spectra obtained 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study shows that both autofluorescence and Raman spectra provide diagnostic use in discriminating Wilms' tumor from normal kidney. These techniques may be used individually or in tandem to develop a real-time intraoperative screening and diagnostic device.
authors.affiliation: CHOC Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA 92868, USA. clieber@choc.org
authors.forename: Chad A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lieber
authors.forename: Mustafa H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kabeer
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017751:Safety Management; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery