title: [Radical cystectomy in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer who fail BCG therapy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the characteristics and outcomes of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) due to BCG failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five (11%) of the 864 patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) at our center from 1989 to 2002 had received prior treatment with BCG. Of these, 62 (65.2%) underwent RC due to relapsing, high-risk NMIBC or CIS despite BCG therapy. A stage >or= pT2 tumor was reported in the cystectomy specimen in 17 (27%) of these patients, who were considered to have been understaged. RC was performed for clinical progression in 33 patients (34.7%). Their last transurethral resection before RC showed invasive disease. A retrospective analysis was made of the outcomes of patients who underwent RC for BCG failure and the clinical and pathological differences between understaged patients and those with clinical progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five-year CSS was 90% in 45 patients with clinical and pathological NMIBC and 50.6% in 50 patients with progression to muscle-infiltrating disease (clinical progression and understaged) (p < 0,05). There were no differences in survival in patients with clinical progression as compared to understaged patients. Median time from tumor diagnosis to tumor progression was 24 months (10th-90th percentile, 6-98 months). Patients with clinical progression had significantly more T1 tumors (p = 0.015) in TUR before progression and more pT3 tumors (p < 0.01) in the RC specimen. Understaged patients more often had pathological pT4 stages (p < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with high-risk NMIBCs who fail BCG therapy, RC should be performed before progression because survival is decreased when the RC specimen shows muscle-invasive disease. High-grade T1 tumors are responsible for most early clinical progressions. Patients with NMIBC may have subclinical progression, mainly within the prostate.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Fundación Puigvert, Barcelona, España. jhuguet@clinic.ub.es
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huguet
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gaya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabaté
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Villavicencio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D018450:Disease Progression; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine