title: Diurnal blood pressure variation and sympathetic activity.
abstract: Blood pressure changes occurring over a 24-h period are under behavioral, humoral and reflex regulation. The sympathetic nervous system modulates blood pressure variation by affecting cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. This paper reviews evidence for the relationship between adrenergic neural drive and blood pressure as measured by direct and indirect approaches. This paper also reviews the sympathetic activity associated with increased 'in-office' and 'out-of-office' blood pressure, that is, the white-coat and the masked-hypertensive states. Finally, this paper examines altered neuroadrenergic influences on nocturnal blood pressure reduction and blood pressure variability.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica, Ospedale San Gerardo, Università Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy. guido.grassi@unimib.it
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grassi
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bombelli
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seravalle
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dell'Oro
authors.forename: Fosca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Quarti-Trevano
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*