title: The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of hexavalent chromium in Steller sea lion lung fibroblasts compared to human lung fibroblasts.
abstract: In this study we directly compared soluble and particulate chromate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human (Homo sapiens) and sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) lung fibroblasts. Our results show that hexavalent chromium induces increased cell death and chromosome damage in both human and sea lion cells with increasing intracellular chromium ion levels. The data further indicate that both sodium chromate and lead chromate are less cytotoxic and genotoxic to sea lion cells than human cells, based on an administered dose. Differences in chromium ion uptake explained some but not all of the reduced amounts of sodium chromate-induced cell death. By contrast, uptake differences could explain the differences in sodium chromate-induced chromosome damage and particulate chromate-induced toxicity. Altogether they indicate that while hexavalent chromium induces similar toxic effects in sea lion and human cells, there are different mechanisms underlying the toxic outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, P.O. Box 9300, 96 Falmouth St. Portland, ME 04104-9300, USA. John.Wise@usm.maine.edu
authors.forename: John Pierce
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Sandra S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Amie L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Carolyne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: LaCerte
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shaffiey
authors.forename: AbouEl-Makarim
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aboueissa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002857:Chromium / Q000633:toxicity*; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D046070:Sea Lions / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion