title: Open versus endoscopic excision of a symptomatic os trigonum: a comparative study of 41 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical results of a consecutive series of 43 cases of excision of a symptomatic os trigonum performed with an open versus hindfoot endoscopic technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1994 to 2007, 43 patients underwent a symptomatic os trigonum excision. A subjective satisfaction questionnaire and a visual analog scale score for pain were obtained, and the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle and hindfoot score and the time to return to previous sports level were determined in 41 of 43 patients at follow up. Of the ankles, 16 had an open os trigonum excision and 25 had hindfoot endoscopic surgery. Group A (16 ankles, open surgery) and group B (25 ankles, endoscopic excision) were comparable concerning age, sex, profession, and concomitant injury of the ankle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up evaluation (12 to 86 months after surgery), group B had a significantly shorter mean time to return to previous sports level. There was no difference in postoperative visual analog scale score, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score, subjective satisfaction rating, or rating of sensory nerve loss between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both open surgery and hindfoot endoscopic excision of a symptomatic os trigonum were effective and safe. Patients with an endoscopic excision had a shorter time to return to previous sports level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, therapeutic case series.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qin Wei
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yue Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Ying Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Ao
authors.forename: De Xiang
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013177:Sports; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013628:Talus / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome