title: Arthroscopy on anticoagulated patients: a retrospective evaluation of postoperative complications.
abstract: Anticoagulation is commonly needed for multiple medical conditions. The indications to discontinue anticoagulation for a simple procedure are controversial. Other surgical subspecialties have shown that keeping patients on warfarin during a simple procedure is safe. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the postoperative complications encountered for patients undergoing simple arthroscopic procedures while on warfarin. We hypothesized that anticoagulated patients undergoing simple arthroscopic procedures would have few surgical bleeding complications.Arthroscopic procedures performed over a 10-year period on warfarin-anticoagulated patients were retrospectively evaluated. Data collected included the procedure and orthopedic problem, the type of anesthesia, the medical condition requiring anticoagulation, the international normalized ratio (INR) at surgery, and all postoperative complications (bleeding, hematoma, delayed healing, prolonged postoperative course, infection, and medical complication). Twenty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. All had abnormal INR levels at time of surgery. Four patients were operated on emergently for septic joints, and 20 patients had elective arthroscopic procedures (10 knees, 10 shoulders). There were no major intraoperative bleeding problems. Seven patients had minor postoperative surgical complications: 2 prolonged effusions and 5 prolonged ecchymosis. No medical complications were seen. Oral warfarin appeared to be a safe alternative to manipulating anticoagulation during the preoperative period for simple arthroscopic procedures. Minor bleeding complications consisting of ecchymosis were seen, but no medical complications were identified.
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA. david.flanigan@osumc.com
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Flanigan
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muchow
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orwin
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Graf
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology*; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin