title: Osteotome sinus floor elevation and simultaneous implant placement in grafted biomaterial sockets: 3 years of follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immediate bone grafting procedures were proposed to preserve bone volume in residual damaged alveolar walls and to prevent the expansion of the sinus floor in the maxillary molar region. The use of an osteotome allows vertical bone augmentation and localized sinus elevation with minimal surgical trauma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome of implants placed in previously grafted alveoli that were expanded at a second-stage surgery by an osteotome technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients requiring extraction of one or two upper molar teeth and/or a second premolar were selected. Thirty teeth were extracted, and their fresh sockets immediately received magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite as a graft material. Three months after bone filling, osteotome sinus floor elevations were performed in grafted sites, and 30 titanium dental implants were placed. Three months after implant placement, temporary restorations were performed. Follow-up examinations and intraoral digital radiographs were taken at baseline and 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after implant placement to evaluate the alveolar bone gain for each implant. Comparisons among mean values of alveolar bone gain over time were performed by the Student two-tailed t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 36-month follow-up, a survival rate of 100% was reported for all implants. The alveolar bone gain after 6 months of healing was 2.41 +/- 1.23 mm. Successively, after 12 months, the bone gain increased (3.85 +/- 1.37 mm). At 24 and 36 months after implant placement, the levels were stable (3.86 +/- 1.50 mm and 3.82 +/- 1.57 mm, respectively). Statistical analyses showed a significant difference (P <0.05) only between the 6- and 12-month values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At the 36-month follow-up, the use of the osteotome technique for vertical expansion of the grafted tissue was considered a predictable procedure in the implant surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Vita Salute University, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. robcresp@libero.it
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crespi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capparè
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gherlone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013516:Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation; D010710:Phosphates; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery*; D014716:Vertical Dimension
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D010710:Phosphates; C015335:calcium magnesium phosphate