title: Hallucinations, pseudohallucinations, and severity of suicidal ideation among emergency psychiatry patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated relative relationships between auditory hallucinations and nonpsychotic hallucinations (pseudohallucinations), and suicidal risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 206 consecutive patients seen in an emergency psychiatric service was evaluated for the presence and intensity of hallucinatory experiences (the hallucination item of the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale), suicidal intensity (the suicide item of the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale), and cumulative suicide risk (the total number of risk factors).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with nonpsychotic hallucinations experienced greater intensity of suicidal ideation versus subjects with no hallucinations or subjects with psychotic hallucinations (p = .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pseudohallucinosis is associated with higher intensity of suicidal ideation compared with psychotic hallucinations or no hallucinations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Penagaluri
authors.forename: Kristin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Rif S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: El-Mallakh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003702:Delusions / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D014481:United States