title: Factors associated with cardiac conduction disorders and permanent pacemaker implantation after percutaneous aortic valve implantation with the CoreValve prosthesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac conduction disorders and requirement for permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) are not uncommon after surgical aortic valve replacement and have important clinical implications. We aimed to investigate the incidence of cardiac conduction disorders after percutaneous aortic valve implantation (PAVI) and to identify possible clinical factors associated with their development.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 34 patients (mean age 80 +/- 8 years, 18 male) who underwent PAVI with the CoreValve bioprosthesis (Corevalve Inc, Irvine, CA). Electrocardiographic evaluation was performed pre- and postprocedurally, and at 1-week and 1-month follow-up. Other clinical variables were obtained from the medical history, echocardiography, and angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After PAVI, 7 patients required PPI, all of whom developed total atrioventricular block within 3 days postprocedurally. A smaller left ventricular outflow tract diameter (20.3 +/- 0.5 vs 21.6 +/- 1.8 cm, P = .01), more left-sided heart axis (-20 degrees +/- 29 degrees vs 19 degrees +/- 36 degrees , P = .02), more mitral annular calcification (10 +/- 1 vs 5 +/- 4 mm, P = .008), and a smaller postimplantation indexed effective orifice area (0.86 +/- 0.20 vs 1.10 +/- 0.26 cm(2)/m(2), P = .04) were associated with PPI. The incidence of new left bundle-branch block (LBBB) was 65% and was associated with a deeper implantation of the prosthesis: 10.2 +/- 2.3 mm in the new-LBBB group versus 7.7 +/- 3.1 mm in the non-LBBB group (P = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous aortic valve implantation with the CoreValve prosthesis results in a high incidence of total atrioventricular block requiring PPI and new-onset LBBB. Preexisting disturbance of cardiac conduction, a narrow left ventricular outflow tract, and the severity of mitral annular calcification predict the need for permanent pacing, whereas the only factor shown to be predictive for new-onset LBBB is the depth of prosthesis implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.baan@amc.nl
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baan
authors.forename: Ze Yie
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: Karel T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: José P S
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.forename: Berto J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bouma
authors.forename: Marije M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vis
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cocchieri
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Piek
authors.forename: Bas A J M
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: de Mol
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D054537:Atrioventricular Block / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D001705:Bioprosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002037:Bundle-Branch Block / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006327:Heart Block / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000150:complications