title: Direct extraction of photosynthetic electrons from single algal cells by nanoprobing system.
abstract: There are numerous sources of bioenergy that are generated by photosynthetic processes, for example, lipids, alcohols, hydrogen, and polysaccharides. However, generally only a small fraction of solar energy absorbed by photosynthetic organisms is converted to a form of energy that can be readily exploited. To more efficiently use the solar energy harvested by photosynthetic organisms, we evaluated the feasibility of generating bioelectricity by directly extracting electrons from the photosynthetic electron transport chain before they are used to fix CO(2) into sugars and polysaccharides. From a living algal cell, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, photosynthetic electrons (1.2 pA at 6000 mA/m(2)) were directly extracted without a mediator electron carrier by inserting a nanoelectrode into the algal chloroplast and applying an overvoltage. This result may represent an initial step in generating "high efficiency" bioelectricity by directly harvesting high energy photosynthetic electrons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. whryu@yonsei.ac.kr
authors.forename: WonHyoung
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Seoung-Jai
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Joong Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Zubin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moseley
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fabian
authors.forename: Rainer J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fasching
authors.forename: Arthur R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: Fritz B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Prinz
mesh_terms: D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004583:Electrons; D008027:Light; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D010316:Particle Size; D010788:Photosynthesis; D012993:Solar Energy; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes