title: Absorption loss and photorefractive-index changes in Ti:LiNbO(3)crystals and waveguides.
abstract: Measurement of optical absorption loss and photorefractive sensitivity (optically induced index changes) in Ti-diffused waveguides and bulk Ti-doped single crystals are reported. The absorption loss of strip guides is found to be 0.3 dB/cm at 0.633 microm, and this is expected to decrease at longer wavelengths. The results demonstrate that Ti impurities do not contribute to the absorption loss or to the photorefractive-index changes directly, rather these parameters are determined by impurities in the substrate crystal. A simple pyroelectric method for electrical adjustment of the optical input coupling is also reported.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Kaminow
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ballman
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Olson