title: Massive subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium in children.
abstract: Massive subcutaneous emphysema (SE), pneumomediastinum (PM), and pneumopericardium (PP) are rare conditions in the pediatric population. Air leak syndrome is a constellation of disorders that include SE, PM, PP, and pulmonary interstitial emphysema. In children, SE, PM, and PP are associated with obstructive airway disease most often in the case of asthma. Management may be conservative or involve invasive procedures that require surgical intervention. Here, we describe a case of massive SE, PM, and PP in a 10-year-old child after placement of a peripherally inserted central line and review the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. stegiuliani@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.forename: Ashanti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Tracy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Grikscheit
mesh_terms: D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D018450:Disease Progression; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008478:Mediastinal Emphysema / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D011026:Pneumopericardium / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D035583:Rare Diseases; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013352:Subcutaneous Emphysema / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed