Psychological distress among patients of an orthopaedic outpatient clinic: a study from a low-income country.
BACKGROUND
Depression is common among general trauma patients and is associated with a poor outcome. We evaluated the relationship of psychological distress to physical injury, musculoskeletal complaints, and social factors in a low-income country.


METHODS
We administered the Self-Rating Questionnaire (SRQ), the Oslo social support questionnaire, and the Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ).


RESULTS
An SRQ score of 9 or more, which indicates probable depressive disorder, occurred in 45.6% of men and 76.1% of women. A high SRQ score was associated with female sex, little or no education, low income and little social support. Even after these were controlled for there was a significantly higher SRQ score in patients with arthritis, backache/prolapsed disc, major fracture and other bone pathology.


CONCLUSIONS
Depressive disorder appears to be very common in orthopaedic outpatients in Pakistan; both social circumstances and nature of bone pathology are associated with such depression.
Husain
Nusrat
N
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.|Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK.
Humail
Syed M
SM
Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Chaudhry
Imran B
IB
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.|Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK.
Rahman
Raza
R
Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Robinson
Holly
H
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Creed
Francis
F
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.