title: Living with Moebius syndrome: adjustment, social competence, and satisfaction with life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Moebius syndrome is a rare congenital condition that results in bilateral facial paralysis. Several studies have reported social interaction and adjustment problems in people with Moebius syndrome and other facial movement disorders, presumably resulting from lack of facial expression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether adults with Moebius syndrome experience increased anxiety and depression and/or decreased social competence and satisfaction with life compared with people without facial movement disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Internet-based quasi-experimental study with comparison group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven adults with Moebius syndrome recruited through the United States-based Moebius Syndrome Foundation newsletter and Web site and 37 age- and gender-matched control participants recruited through a university participant database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anxiety and depression, social competence, satisfaction with life, ability to express emotion facially, and questions about Moebius syndrome symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  People with Moebius syndrome reported significantly lower social competence than the matched control group and normative data but did not differ significantly from the control group or norms in anxiety, depression, or satisfaction with life. In people with Moebius syndrome, degree of facial expression impairment was not significantly related to the adjustment variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many people with Moebius syndrome are better adjusted than previous research suggests, despite their difficulties with social interaction. To enhance interaction, people with Moebius syndrome could compensate for the lack of facial expression with alternative expressive channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA. kathleen.bogart@tufts.edu
authors.forename: Kathleen Rives
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bogart
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003147:Communication Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D005582:Foundations; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D020331:Mobius Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult