title: Occipitocervical instrumentation in the pediatric population using a custom loop construct: initial results and long-term follow-up experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rigid occipitocervical instrumentation for craniovertebral instability is gaining widespread acceptance for use in pediatric patients; however, most of the instrumentation has been modified from adult-sized hardware. The Wasatch loop system (formerly the Avery-Brockmeyer-Thiokol loop system) is a rigid occipitocervical fixation device designed specifically for use in children. It affixes to the occiput and incorporates either C1-2 transarticular screws or C-2 pars screws. It is preformed and is available in a variety of sizes. The authors describe their clinical experience and long-term follow-up experience with the first 22 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  An institutional review board-approved retrospective review of medical records and radiographs was performed for patients who underwent occipitocervical fusion with the Wasatch loop. The mean patient age was 4.9 years (1.2-13 years), and the overall mean follow-up was 4 years (1.5-6.5 years). Six patients had posttraumatic instability, and 16 patients had congenital instability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients underwent placement of bilateral C1-2 transarticular screws, 6 patients had placement of a combination of C1-2 transarticular and C-2 pars screws, and 4 patients had placement of bilateral C-2 pars screws. One patient required a halo orthosis; the others were treated postoperatively with a hard cervical collar. All patients had radiographic evidence of solid occipitocervical arthrodesis on last follow-up examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Wasatch loop system is a novel internal fixation device for children who have posttraumatic or congenital occipitocervical instability. Successful arthrodesis was achieved in all patients with minimal use of halo orthoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84113, USA
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Couture
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Brockmeyer
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003663:Decision Trees; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009777:Occipital Bone / Q000293:injuries*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed