[Identification of basal-like carcinomas in clinical practice: "triple zero/BRCA1-like" carcinomas].
Basal-like carcinomas represent 10 to 15% of invasive breast carcinomas and have been identified from gene expression studies. Morphologically, these tumors are undifferentiated histopronostic grade 3 carcinomas, identified in clinical practice according to their immunophenotype "triple zero" (estrogen, progesterone and ERBB2 negative) associated with the high molecular weight cytokeratins 5/6/14 and/or EGFR expression. At the molecular level, these tumors harbour nearly 100% P53 mutations, a high rate of PTEN mutations with an AKT pathway's activation and numerous chromosomal alterations such as gains and losses. They share a high degree of similarity at the morphological, phenotypical and molecular level with BRCA1 tumors that justify the proposal of a different name such as "triple zero/BRCA1 like" carcinomas for sporadic basal-like carcinomas. Indeed, the current "basal-like" name could suggest a myoepithelial cellular origin of such lesions. Furthermore, tumors with such a basal-like immunophenotype constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors encompassing good prognosis tumors such as adenoid cystic and juvenile secretory carcinomas. There is an urgent need for more specific therapies for basal-like/triple zero/BRCA1-like tumors. Therapeutic progresses rely on a better understanding of the molecular alterations that occur in these tumors and the BRCA1 tumors. Indeed, recent clinical trials with PARP inhibitors for basal-like/BRCA1 like tumors should improve the prognosis of these patients and are a direct benefit of a better understanding of the molecular biology of these tumors.
Vincent-Salomon
A
A
Institut Curie, département de biologie des tumeurs, Inserm U830, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France.
Macgrogan
G
G
Charaffe-Jauffret
E
E
Jacquemier
J
J
Arnould
L
L
D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D020868:Gene Silencing; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D009626:Terminology as Topic
D019313:BRCA1 Protein; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins