title: Analysis of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol by NACE with on-line ESI-MS.
abstract: Phosphatidylethanol (Peth), a group of aberrant phospholipids formed in cell membranes in the presence of ethanol, has been recently proposed as biomarker of chronic alcohol abuse. The aim of this study was to develop a new analytical method, based on NACE online coupled with a mass spectrometer for the analysis of Peth in blood. For this purpose an ion-trap mass spectrometer equipped with an orthogonal ESI source operating in negative ion mode was used. An alkaline solution of ammonium acetate 5 mM (pH 9) in water/methanol (MeOH) (80:20 v/v) was delivered as coaxial sheath liquid. All experiments were performed using an uncoated fused-silica capillary (90 cm x 75 microm id). The effects of variable percentages of ACN, MeOH, 2-propanol, dichloromethane, along with variable concentrations of ammonium acetate were investigated for the separation of Peth. Collectively, a separation medium composed of ACN (45% v/v), 2-propanol (20% v/v), dichloromethane (20% v/v), MeOH (10% v/v), water (5% v/v), and ammonium acetate (25 mM) was chosen. The estimated LOD was 0.1 microM, while LOQ was 0.4 microM. Within-run (intra-day) and between-run (inter-day) precision was always lower than 15%. The method proved to be robust and reliable. The MS detector allowed the simultaneous identification of several Peth homologues, and the use of an internal standard (phosphatidylbutanol) with similar electrophoretic properties of that of Peth increased quantitation effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Toxicology and Antidoping Unit, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nalesso
authors.affiliation: Forensic Toxicology and Antidoping Unit, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Viel
authors.affiliation: Forensic Toxicology and Antidoping Unit, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cecchetto
authors.affiliation: Forensic Toxicology and Antidoping Unit, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Giampietro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frison
authors.affiliation: Forensic Toxicology and Antidoping Unit, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Santo Davide
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ferrara
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002138:Calibration; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D020404:Glycerophospholipids / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D015415:Biomarkers; D020404:Glycerophospholipids; C051521:phosphatidylethanol; D000432:Methanol; C032159:acetonitrile