title: Differential expression of biofunctional GM1 and GM3 gangliosides within the plastic-adherent multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is unclear whether the plastic-adherent multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) isolated from human bone marrow (BM) represent a uniform cell population or are heterogeneous in terms of cell-surface constituents and hence functionality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the expression profile of certain biofunctional lipids by plastic-adherent MSC, focusing particularly on two membrane microdomain (lipid raft)-associated monosialogangliosides, GM1 and GM3, using indirect confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phenotypically, we observed a differential expression where certain MSC subsets exhibited GM1, GM3 or both at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, disialoganglioside GD2 detection increased the complexity of the expression patterns, giving rise to seven identifiable cell phenotypes. Variation of standard culture conditions, such as the number of cell passage and period in culture, as well as donors, did not influence the heterologous ganglioside expression profile. In contrast, the binding of various lectins appeared homogeneous throughout the MSC population, indicating that the general glycosylation pattern remained common. Morphologically, the expression of a given ganglioside-based phenotype was not related to a cell with particular size or shape. Interestingly, a segregation of GM1 and GM3 clusters was observed, GM3 being mostly excluded from the highly curved plasma membrane protrusions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data highlight the phenotypic heterogeneity of plastic-adherent MSC in terms of certain lipid constituents of the plasma membrane, and the presence and/or absence of distinct ganglioside-based membrane microdomains suggest their potential functional diversity.
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering Laboratories, BIOTEC and DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.forename: Ana-Violeta
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Janich
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bornhäuser
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corbeil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000378:metabolism*; D005679:G(M3) Ganglioside / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010641:Phenotype; D010969:Plastics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005679:G(M3) Ganglioside; D037102:Lectins; D010969:Plastics; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside