title: Effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism on response to propranolol therapy in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Three common haplotypes in the gene encoding catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) have been associated with pain modulation and the risk of developing chronic musculoskeletal pain, namely temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Haplotypes coding for higher enzymatic activity were correlated with lower pain perception. Rodent studies showed that COMT inhibition increases pain sensitivity through beta2/3-adrenergic receptors. We hypothesized that the nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol will reduce clinical and experimental pain in TMD patients in a manner dependent on the individuals' COMT diplotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Caucasian female participants meeting the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD were genotyped for COMT polymorphisms and completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover pilot study. Each period consisted of a baseline assessment week followed by an intervention week (propranolol or placebo). Changes in clinical pain ratings, psychological status, and responses to heat and pressure stimuli between baseline and intervention weeks were compared across periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of patients reporting a reduction in pain intensity rating was greater during propranolol treatment (P=0.014) compared with placebo. Propranolol significantly reduced a composite pain index (P=0.02) but did not decrease other clinical and experimental pain ratings. When stratified by the COMT high activity haplotype, a beneficial effect of propranolol on pain perception was noted in patients not carrying this haplotype, a diminished benefit was observed in the heterozygotes, and no benefit was noted in the homozygotes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COMT haplotypes may serve as genetic predictors of propranolol treatment outcome, identifying a subgroup of TMD patients who will benefit from propranolol therapy.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurosensory Disorders, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA. tchivilei@dentistry.unc.edu
authors.forename: Inna E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Tchivileva
authors.forename: Pei Feng
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Shad B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Slade
authors.forename: Luda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diatchenko
authors.forename: Samuel A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maixner
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011433:Propranolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011433:Propranolol; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase