title: Antiepileptic drug utilisation and seizure outcome among paediatric patients in a Malaysian public hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the utilisation pattern and seizure outcome of newer and older antiepileptic drugs in paediatric clinical practice in a Malaysian hospital setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a two-month period, all paediatric epilepsy patients from Penang General Hospital, Malaysia who were diagnosed according to the classification of the International League Against Epilepsy were followed up prospectively, and the patients' information was gathered with the help of a validated data collection form. This included demographic characteristics, monotherapy and polytherapy of antiepileptic drugs, as well as the number of seizures experienced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Partial seizures, including complex and simple partial seizures (47.2 percent), followed by generalised seizures (40 percent), were the most common seizure types found in this study. An average of 1.51 antiepileptic drugs per patient was prescribed, with 54.3 percent of the patients on monotherapy and 45.7 percent on polytherapy. Overall, sodium valproate was the most frequently prescribed antiepileptic drug (36.8 percent), followed by carbamazepine (30.2 percent) and lamotrigine (10.4 percent). Carbamazepine was the most frequently prescribed monotherapy (28.6 percent), followed by sodium valproate (17.1 percent). The newer antiepileptic drugs were also found to be used as monotherapy in 7.2 percent of the cases. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between the older and newer antiepileptic drugs in terms of the number of seizures experienced (p=0.027). Most (75 percent) of the seizure-free patients were on carbamazepine monotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monotherapy was the most frequently used remedy in all forms of epilepsy. Overall, sodium valproate was the most commonly used drug, while carbamazepine was found to be more frequently used as monotherapy. There was a significant difference found between the older and newer antiepileptic drugs, with 87.5 percent of seizure-free patients on older antiepileptic drugs.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, and Department of Paediatrics, Penang General Hospital, Penang 11800, Malaysia. shahzad_pharmacy@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bahari
authors.forename: Z U
authors.initials: ZU
authors.lastname: Babar
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ganesan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D001569:Benzodiazepines