title: Childhood size and life course weight characteristics in association with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine how childhood overweight, in conjunction with other life course weight characteristics, relates to the development of type 2 diabetes in adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 109,172 women in the Nurses' Health Study II, body fatness at ages 5, 10, and 20 years was assessed by recall using 9-level pictorial diagrams (somatotypes) representing extreme thinness (category 1) to obesity (category 9). Recalled weights at age 18 years and adulthood were used to derive BMI. Self-reported cases of type 2 diabetes were confirmed by supplementary questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Somatotypes at ages 5 and 10 years were positively associated with diabetes risk (P(trend) < 0.0001). The adjusted relative risk (RR) of women with somatotype >or=6 (vs. 2) at age 5 years was 2.19 (95% CI 1.79-2.67) and at age 10 years was 2.57 (2.20-3.01). Increases in size by somatotype or by weight gain since age 18 were associated with increased risk. Compared with women who were never overweight at any age, women who were overweight as an adult (BMI >25 kg/m(2)) but not previously had an adjusted RR of 8.23 (7.41-9.15). The adjusted RR was 15.10 (13.21-17.26) for women who were also overweight at age 10 (somatotype >or=5) and 18 (BMI >25 kg/m(2)). Increased childhood size was not associated with risk among women who did not continue to be overweight in adulthood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased body size starting from childhood is associated with a greater risk of diabetes in adulthood. However, women who become lean in adulthood do not have an increased risk.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. yeungedw@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Edwina H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Cuilin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Germaine M Buck
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D049628:Body Size; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult