Mechanisms of the resistance and tolerance to beta-lactam and glycopeptide antibiotics in pathogenic gram-positive cocci.
Beta-lactams are the most frequently used antimicrobials in combating infections. In the case of gram-positive bacteria resistant to beta-lactams, glycopeptides are the first choice. The occurrence, mechanisms and genetic background of the resistance of pathogenic staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci to beta-lactam and glycopeptide antibiotics were discussed. The resistances to well-established antimicrobials, as well as new agents (ceftobiprole, oritavancin, telavancin, dalbavancin) were taken into consideration in the text.
Mlynarczyk
A
A
Department of Medical Microbiology, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Mlynarczyk
B
B
Kmera-Muszynska
M
M
Majewski
S
S
Mlynarczyk
G
G
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006095:Gram-Positive Cocci / Q000187:drug effects*; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006020:Glycopeptides; D047090:beta-Lactams