title: Enhanced visual acuity and image perception following correction of highly aberrated eyes using an adaptive optics visual simulator.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the changes in visual acuity and visual perception generated by correcting higher order aberrations in highly aberrated eyes using a large-stroke adaptive optics visual simulator.
  
  
  METHODS
  A crx1 Adaptive Optics Visual Simulator (Imagine Eyes) was used to correct and modify the wavefront aberrations in 12 keratoconic eyes and 8 symptomatic postoperative refractive surgery (LASIK) eyes. After measuring ocular aberrations, the device was programmed to compensate for the eye's wavefront error from the second order to the fifth order (6-mm pupil). Visual acuity was assessed through the adaptive optics system using computer-generated ETDRS opto-types and the Freiburg Visual Acuity and Contrast Test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean higher order aberration root-mean-square (RMS) errors in the keratoconus and symptomatic LASIK eyes were 1.88+/-0.99 microm and 1.62+/-0.79 microm (6-mm pupil), respectively. The visual simulator correction of the higher order aberrations present in the keratoconus eyes improved their visual acuity by a mean of 2 lines when compared to their best spherocylinder correction (mean decimal visual acuity with spherocylindrical correction was 0.31+/-0.18 and improved to 0.44+/-0.23 with higher order aberration correction). In the symptomatic LASIK eyes, the mean decimal visual acuity with spherocylindrical correction improved from 0.54+/-0.16 to 0.71+/-0.13 with higher order aberration correction. The visual perception of ETDRS letters was improved when correcting higher order aberrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adaptive optics visual simulator can effectively measure and compensate for higher order aberrations (second to fifth order), which are associated with diminished visual acuity and perception in highly aberrated eyes. The adaptive optics technology may be of clinical benefit when counseling patients with highly aberrated eyes regarding their maximum subjective potential for vision correction.
authors.affiliation: Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. karolinnemaia@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Karolinne Maia
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vabre
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chateau
authors.forename: Ronald R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Krueger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057108:Corneal Wavefront Aberration / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*