title: [Urinary disorders, sexual dysfunction and hypersexuality in Parkinson's disease].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As Parkinson's disease progresses, its non-motor manifestations become increasingly more apparent to the point where, in advances phases of the disease, they are the most important clinical symptoms. A very wide range of non-motor symptoms can appear in Parkinson's disease. Impairment of the urinary function and the sexual function (understood as the capacity to carry out sexual activity) can be seen as belonging to the dysautonomic disorders. Hypersexuality would be included within the group of impulse control disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study reviews the epidemiology, phenomenology and treatment of urinary disorders, sexual dysfunction and hypersexuality as non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary disorders are the most frequent non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease. They usually present as nocturia, urgency and increased mictional frequency (pollakiuria). Preferred treatment is with anticholinergic agents. Sexual dysfunction is a frequent complaint in patients with Parkinson. It has a multifactorial aetiology and is more frequent in males than in females. In males it manifests mainly as incapacity to achieve an erection, premature ejaculation or loss of the capacity to ejaculate, whereas in females the predominant signs are decreased libido, lowered arousal and difficulty in reaching an orgasm. Hypersexuality affects young males above all and has been related to the use of dopamine agonists.
authors.affiliation: Complejo Asistencial de León, España.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Sáánchez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Martínez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arés-Luque
mesh_terms: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D010262:Paraphilic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D011788:Quality of Life; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents