Current therapeutic paradigms in glioblastoma.
Glioblastoma (GBM), a WHO grade IV malignant glioma, is the most common and lethal adult primary brain tumor. Median survival rates range from 12-15 months. The current standard of care for GBM has evolved from resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy to resection, concurrent adjuvant chemotherapy (temozolomide) and radiation, and additional adjuvant chemotherapy. The expression of specific molecular biomarkers, especially O-6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) status, may determine the response of the tumor to treatment, and helps in identifying the magnitude of benefit from this regimen. By identifying further biological subtypes of GBM at the molecular level, specific targeted therapies could be developed and used in the future for more individualized therapeutic regimens. This article will review the current therapies for GBM and the investigation of new molecular and targeted therapies, such as EGFR inhibitors, mTOR/PI3Kinase inhibitors, and anti-angiogenesis agents.
Quick
Allison
A
Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
Patel
Disha
D
Hadziahmetovic
Mersiha
M
Chakravarti
Arnab
A
Mehta
Minesh
M
D000328:Adult; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000032:analysis; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000032:analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000032:analysis
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; C515491:MGMT protein, human; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes