title: In situ growth of side-chain PEG polymers from functionalized human growth hormone-a new technique for preparation of enhanced protein-polymer conjugates.
abstract: The application of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) for preparation of a novel class of protein-polymer bioconjugates is described, exemplified by the synthesis of a recombinant human growth hormone (rh-GH) poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) hybrid. The rh-GH protein was activated via a bromo-ester functionalized linker and used as a macroinitiator to polymerize the hydrophilic monomer PEGMA under solely aqueous conditions at 4 degrees C. ATRP conditions resulted in controlled polymer growth from rh-GH with low-polydispersity polyPEGMA chains. The rh-GH PEGMA product exhibited properties consistent with the presence of attached hydrophilic polymer chains, namely, high stability to denaturation and proteolysis. The polymerization conditions and conjugation proceeded with retention of the biological activity of the hormone. The rh-GH PEGMA was administered subcutaneously to rats and the activity compared to native rh-GH. The rh-GH PEGMA exhibited similar activity as the native rh-GH in vivo when a daily dose of 40 microg was administered. However, when a higher dose of 120 microg was administered with 3 days between injections the bioavailability of the rh-GH PEGMA was significantly better than that of the native. The results therefore demonstrate that ATRP can be successfully used as a general alternative approach to direct polymer conjugation, namely, PEGylation, to produce PEG-like protein conjugates. This technique can be exploited to design and synthesize protein-polymer derivatives with tailored therapeutic properties.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Johannes Pall
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bersani
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salmaso
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caliceti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C528061:poly(poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate); D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols