title: The kinin B(2) receptor gene structure, product processing and expression in adult and fetal rats: evidence for gene evolution.
abstract: We examined the structure of the rat kinin B2 receptor gene (KB2r) and encoding messenger RNA (mRNA) processing. Differently from the closely related mouse and rabbit genes that have three exons and two introns, the rat gene purportedly consists of four exons and three introns. There are two purported gene products; one of them contains an upstream approximately 180-bp open reading frame region ("exon-X") potentially expressed as a result of alternative processing. To examine the processing of rat KB2r mRNA, cDNA amplicons were generated using primer pairs directed towards 5' or 3' exon or intron flanking regions. Analyses of intron/exon primary cDNA amplicons showed that introns 1 to 3 are removed sequentially and that "exon-X" removal follows that of intron-3. No evidence was found for "exon-X" expression in polyadenylated (mature) mRNA of adult Wistar, Wistar Kyoto, spontaneously hypertensive or Sprague-Dawley rat tissues. Nor was "exon-X" detected in tissues subject to inflammatory stimulus expressing B1 kinin receptor mRNA or in 1- to 21-day-old rat embryos or fetuses. The lack of evidence for the expression of "exon-X" in mature mRNA indicates that the structure of the rat gene is similar to that of the mouse, rabbit and human genes, all consisting of three exons and two introns. The "exon-X" fragment may result from interstitial gene duplication, be a fragment of the ancestral gene, or most likely heterologous transposon insertion of an exon-like fragment into intron-2 of the KB2r gene.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: França
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Vicari
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Piza
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Geroldo
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Beçak
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Beçak
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Stocco
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lindsey
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011749:Pyrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011749:Pyrogens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2