title: Informatics infrastructure for syndrome surveillance, decision support, reporting, and modeling of critical illness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and validate an informatics infrastructure for syndrome surveillance, decision support, reporting, and modeling of critical illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using open-schema data feeds imported from electronic medical records (EMRs), we developed a near-real-time relational database (Multidisciplinary Epidemiology and Translational Research in Intensive Care Data Mart). Imported data domains included physiologic monitoring, medication orders, laboratory and radiologic investigations, and physician and nursing notes. Open database connectivity supported the use of Boolean combinations of data that allowed authorized users to develop syndrome surveillance, decision support, and reporting (data "sniffers") routines. Random samples of database entries in each category were validated against corresponding independent manual reviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Multidisciplinary Epidemiology and Translational Research in Intensive Care Data Mart accommodates, on average, 15,000 admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) per year and 200,000 vital records per day. Agreement between database entries and manual EMR audits was high for sex, mortality, and use of mechanical ventilation (kappa, 1.0 for all) and for age and laboratory and monitored data (Bland-Altman mean difference +/- SD, 1(0) for all). Agreement was lower for interpreted or calculated variables, such as specific syndrome diagnoses (kappa, 0.5 for acute lung injury), duration of ICU stay (mean difference +/- SD, 0.43+/-0.2), or duration of mechanical ventilation (mean difference +/- SD, 0.2+/-0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extraction of essential ICU data from a hospital EMR into an open, integrative database facilitates process control, reporting, syndrome surveillance, decision support, and outcome research in the ICU.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Vitaly
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Herasevich
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Pickering
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Steve G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Ognjen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gajic
mesh_terms: D003422:Critical Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D003628:Database Management Systems; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D006801:Humans; D008490:Medical Informatics / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States