title: Actigraphic evaluation of motor fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is growing interest in developing inexpensive and objective motor fluctuation evaluation methods for Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aim to compare activity level in the off state, on state, and dyskinetic periods as evaluated either by a physician during a levodopa challenge or by a 72-hr on-off diary self-evaluation in the ambulatory setting. Finally, the effect of daily activities on motor activity in PD and healthy controls was further explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in three consecutive phases. For phase I, in which the on state, off state, and dyskinesia were evaluated using actigraphy, recordings were made during standard acute levodopa challenge in nine dyskinetic PD patients. For phase II, a different set of 16 dyskinetic PD patients was monitored in the ambulatory setting for 72 consecutive hours by actigraphy and a standardized on-off diary. For phase III, 62 PD patients and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls wore an actigraph and completed a daily activities diary for 7 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in activity level between on state and off state during the acute levodopa challenge (phase I) or the 72-hr ambulatory period (phase II) were found. Activity during dyskinesia periods was significantly higher than during on state periods without dyskinesia (p < .01). During the third phase, dyskinetic PD patients and healthy controls showed higher actigraphy-measured activity as compared to de novo, stable, or fluctuating PD (p < .0001), which remained unaltered by daily activities performed during the study period. Tremor UPDRS scores did not correlate with activity level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm the lack of specificity of simple wrist-worn actigraphy and further suggest it may be suitable for dyskinesia assessment but not for on state and off state evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorders Section, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perez Lloret
authors.forename: Malco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Cardinali
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merello
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D014953:Wrist / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa