title: A comparison between electronic portal imaging device and cone beam CT in radiotherapy verification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: The demand of greater accuracy in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has driven the development of more advanced verification systems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in verification accuracy in terms of the position error detected between cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and electronic portal imaging device (EPID) in the IMRT of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Two groups of NPC patients (n = 22 and n = 28) verified by CBCT (G1-CB), EPID (G1-EP), and EPID (G2-EP) only, respectively, were recruited. The positional errors between the G1-CB group and the G2-EP group were compared. In addition, the magnitudes of the position errors of EPID taken in the same session of the CBCT, but after necessary corrections (G1-EP), were analyzed. In the CBCT group, 455 CBCT images (G1-CB) and 206 EPID images (G1-EP) were collected, whereas 319 EPID images (G2-EP) for the EPID group, were recorded. The median position errors detected in CBCT were between 0.80 and 0.90 mm in the antero-posterior (A-P), left-right (L-R), and supero-inferior (S-I) directions, whereas those of the EPID were all 0.50 mm. The magnitude of position deviation detected by the CBCT was higher than that of the EPID and their differences were extremely significant (p < 0.001). The frequencies in the G2-EP group with position errors greater than the tolerance (2 mm) were 32, 42, and 27 in the A-P, L-R, and S-I directions, respectively, which accounted for 16.5%, 21.6%, and 13.9% of the total number of EPID. There was difference in verification capability between the CBCT and EPID when applied to IMRT of NPC patients. Because an average of 1 of 6 verifications in EPID was inferior to that of the CBCT, verification by CBCT is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong. htvinwu@polyu.edu.hk
authors.forename: W C Vincent
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wan Shun
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Shu San
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Hiu Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Yan Kit
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Wah
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014963:X-Ray Intensifying Screens