title: In vivo native fluorescence spectroscopy and nicotinamide adinine dinucleotide/flavin adenine dinucleotide reduction and oxidation states of oral submucous fibrosis for chemopreventive drug monitoring.
abstract: Native fluorescence spectroscopy has shown potential to characterize and diagnose oral malignancy. We aim at extending the native fluorescence spectroscopy technique to characterize normal and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) patients under pre- and post-treated conditions, and verify whether this method could also be considered in the monitoring of therapeutic prognosis noninvasively. In this study, 28 normal subjects and 28 clinically proven cases of OSF in the age group of 20 to 40 years are diagnosed using native fluorescence spectroscopy. The OSF patients are given dexamethasone sodium phosphate and hyaluronidase twice a week for 6 weeks, and the therapeutic response is monitored using fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence emission spectra of normal and OSF cases of both pre- and post-treated conditions are recorded in the wavelength region of 350 to 600 nm at an excitation wavelength of 330 nm. The statistical significance is verified using discriminant analysis. The oxidation-reduction ratio of the tissue is also calculated using the fluorescence emission intensities of flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adinine dinucleotide at 530 and 440 nm, respectively, and they are compared with conventional physical clinical examinations. This study suggests that native fluorescence spectroscopy could also be extended to OSF diagnosis and therapeutic prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Anna University Chennai, Department of Physics, Division of Medical Physics and Lasers, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Shanmugam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivabalan
authors.forename: C Ponranjini
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Vedeswari
authors.forename: Sadaksharam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jayachandran
authors.forename: Dornadula
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koteeswaran
authors.forename: Chidambaranathan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pravda
authors.forename: Prakasa Rao
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Aruna
authors.forename: Singaravelu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganesan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001114:Areca; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009243:NAD / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009914:Oral Submucous Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D014059:Tongue / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009243:NAD; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; C004180:dexamethasone 21-phosphate; D003907:Dexamethasone; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase