title: Effects of universal newborn hearing screening on an early intervention program for children with hearing loss, birth to 3 yr of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) was introduced in Kansas in 1999. Prior to UNHS a small percentage of newborns were screened for and identified with hearing loss.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of UNHS on a local early intervention (EI) program for young children with hearing loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study based on the chart review of children enrolled in the EI program during target years before and after the establishment of UNHS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts for 145 children were reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The chart review targeted the following aspects of the EI program: caseload size, percentage of caseload identified by UNHS, age of diagnosis, age of enrollment in EI, degree of hearing loss, etiology of hearing loss, late onset of hearing loss, age of hearing aid fit, percentage of children fit with hearing aids by 6 mo, percentage of children with profound hearing loss with cochlear implants, and percentage of children with additional disabilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in the EI program that occurred after UNHS were increases in caseload size, percentage of caseload identified by UNHS, percentage of children fit with hearing aids by 6 mo of age, and percentage of children with profound hearing loss with cochlear implants. There were decreases in age of diagnosis, age of enrollment in EI, and age of hearing aid fit. Before UNHS, the majority of children had severe and profound hearing loss; after UNHS there were more children with mild and moderate hearing loss. The percentage of known etiology and late-onset hearing loss was approximately the same before and after UNHS, as was the percentage of children with additional disabilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UNHS had a positive impact on caseload size, age of diagnosis, age of enrollment in EI, and age of hearing aid fit. The percentage of the caseload identified in the newborn period was about 25% before UNHS and over 80% after its implementation. After UNHS, the EI caseload included as many children with mild and moderate hearing loss as with severe and profound loss. By the last reporting year in the study (academic year 2005-2006) all children with profound hearing losses had cochlear implants.
authors.affiliation: Hartley Family Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA. khalpin@kumc.edu
authors.forename: Kathy S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Halpin
authors.forename: Kay Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Judith E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Widen
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Chertoff
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational / Q000458:organization & administration*; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006320:Hearing Tests; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012189:Retrospective Studies