title: Microbial translocation correlates with the severity of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections.
abstract: Microbial translocation has been linked to systemic immune activation during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection. Here, we show that an elevated level of microbial translocation, measured as plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration, correlates with AIDS in both individuals infected with HIV type 1 and individuals infected with HIV type 2. LPS concentration also correlates with CD4+ T cell count and viral load independently of HIV type. Furthermore, elevated plasma LPS concentration was found to be concomitant with defective innate and mitogen responsiveness. We suggest that microbial translocation may contribute to loss of CD4+ T cells, increase in viral load, and defective immune stimuli responsiveness during both HIV type 1 and HIV type 2 infections.
authors.affiliation: Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden.
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nowroozalizadeh
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Månsson
authors.forename: Zacarias
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Repits
authors.forename: Braima
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dabo
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biague
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aaby
authors.forename: Eva Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Fenyö
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Norrgren
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holmgren
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jansson
mesh_terms: D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000276:immunology*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000502:physiology; D019562:Viral Load / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors