title: Prevalence of hearing loss and ear morbidity among adolescents and young adults in rural southern Nepal.
abstract: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3646 persons, 15 to 23 years of age, in the southern plains District of Sarlahi, Nepal, to assess the prevalence and severity of hearing loss and middle-ear dysfunction, and adverse effects of hearing loss on social integration. Between 2006 and 2008, subjects were enumerated and underwent otoscopic, tympanometric, and audiometric evaluations at central sites in villages. Hearing loss was diagnosed in subjects who failed a hearing screening and exhibited an average air conduction threshold value greater than or equal to 30 dBHL in the worse ear. Clinically, 32.8% of subjects exhibited a dull or retracted tympanic membrane, and 18% had abnormal tympanometry. Nearly 12% failed the hearing screening test, among whom more than half, or 6.1% overall, had hearing loss. Hearing-impaired subjects were six- to eight-fold (ORs, with 95% CIs excluding 1.0) more likely to report problems in hearing usual sounds or communicating with other people. Among young adults living in southern Nepal, hearing loss is common, and associated with social disability.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pillion
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: LeClerq
authors.forename: Subarna K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Khatry
authors.forename: Lee S-F
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Sureswor L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Karna
authors.forename: Sharada R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: Keith P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000293:Adolescent; D001299:Audiometry; D003142:Communication; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D038781:Otoscopy; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population; D012931:Social Environment; D055815:Young Adult