A case report of the second de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a patient with the first AML.
Secondary leukemia occurring after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rare. Secondary AML usually follows autologous and not allogeneic transplants. When a new leukemia develops in a patient successfully treated with an allogeneic HSCT, the possibility of a de novo or secondary leukemia from either the donor or recipient should be considered. We present a case initially diagnosed as de novo AML without a cytogenetic abnormality. The patient was successfully treated with an HLA-matched sibling allogeneic HSCT. However, more than six years later, AML developed again and was associated with new complex cytogenetic abnormalities. After a second HSCT, the patient has been followed without serious complications. Considering the allogeneic setting, the newly developed cytogenetic abnormalities, a relatively long latent period, and the good clinical course after the second allogeneic HSCT, this case might represent a second de novo AML following successful treatment of the first AML.
Cho
Byung-Sik
BS
Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Kim
Hee-Je
HJ
Eom
Ki-Sung
KS
Lee
Jong-Wook
JW
Min
Woo-Sung
WS
Kim
Chun-Choo
CC
D000328:Adult; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous