title: [Characteristics of continuous spike-and-wave during slow wave sleep syndrome in children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Continuous spike-and-wave during slow wave sleep (CSWS) syndrome is one of the presentations of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES). The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of CSWS syndrome in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2007 and 2009, a total of 778 nocturnal long-term or 24-hr video-EEG records were included. The EEG, clinical and neuroimaging characteristics were studied in children who met standard criteria for CSWS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine children met standard criteria for CSWS in video-EEGs. Their ages ranged 6 to 13 years. Their EEGs were characterized by continuous spike-and-wave (SW) discharges during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, accounting for 85%-100% of the period of NREM sleep. Clinically, these children had various types of epileptic seizures and exhibited different degrees of neuropsychiatric impairments, language dysfunction, and/or behavioral disturbances. Neuroimaging abnormalities were found in 6 cases, including atelencephalia or atrophy, gray matter heterotopia and leucomalacia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates the characteristics of CSWS syndrome in clinical manifestations, EEG and neuroimaging examinations. This will be helpful in understanding CSWS syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Kunming 650032, China. lianwangping@163.com
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Yong-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yuan-Gui
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013577:Syndrome