title: Skeletal muscle lipid content and insulin sensitivity in black versus white obese adolescents: is there a race differential?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that skeletal muscle lipid content (SMLC) is higher in obese black adolescents compared with their white peers and assessed the relationship between SMLC and insulin sensitivity (IS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were healthy obese black (n = 42) and white (n = 38) adolescents. Measurements included an oral glucose tolerance test, IS by a 3-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, abdominal adipose tissue (AT) by magnetic resonance imaging and midthigh SMLC by computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All measures of SMLC including intermuscular AT (IMAT), low-density muscle, and thigh sc AT increased (P < 0.05) with increasing total adiposity independent of race. For a given total body adiposity or thigh circumference, SMLC did not differ between black and white adolescents; however, for a given visceral adipose tissue, IMAT was higher in blacks. Consistent with prior observations, IS did not differ between black and white obese adolescents despite lower visceral fat in blacks. In whites, all markers of SMLC were associated (P < 0.05) with IS, whereas in blacks, only IMAT correlated (P < 0.05) with IS. However, in both races, these relationships did not remain significant after accounting for total fat (kilograms).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SMLC is not different between black and white obese adolescents who have similar total body adiposity but lower visceral fat in blacks. The lack of association between IS and SMLC after adjusting for total adiposity suggest that muscle fat does not make a unique contribution to IS in this group of obese adolescents regardless of race.
authors.affiliation: Division of Weight Management and Wellness, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201, USA. sojung.lee@chp.edu
authors.forename: SoJung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Silva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arslanian
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D044383:Black People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism; D044469:Racial Groups; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids