title: Secondary and ectopic lymphoid tissue responses in rheumatoid arthritis: from inflammation to autoimmunity and tissue damage/remodeling.
abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the synovium of diarthrodial joints. Despite the currently unknown etiology, overwhelming evidence indicates that both innate and adaptive immunity play a central role in disease pathogenesis. In this review, we consider recent evidence examining the mechanisms of lymphoid tissue reactivity in rheumatoid arthritis with a focus on the dynamics controlling secondary and ectopic lymphoid tissue response. We then examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the biopathology of these processes with specific emphasis on cell trafficking, contribution to autoimmunity, and joint damage-repair. We finally provide a brief overview of the most recent studies addressing the clinical relevance of synovial lymphoid tissue analysis as a diagnostic and prognostic tool as well as its response to current biological therapies.
authors.affiliation: William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manzo
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bombardieri
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Humby
authors.forename: Costantino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pitzalis
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D015551:Autoimmunity; D002465:Cell Movement; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators