title: Reliability of antimalarial sensitivity tests depends on drug mechanisms of action.
abstract: In vitro antimalarial activity tests play a pivotal role in malaria drug research or for monitoring drug resistance in field isolates. We applied two isotopic tests, two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and the SYBR green I fluorescence-based assay, to test artesunate and chloroquine, the metabolic inhibitors atovaquone and pyrimethamine, our fast-acting choline analog T3/SAR97276, and doxycycline, which has a delayed death profile. Isotopic tests based on hypoxanthine and ethanolamine incorporation are the most reliable tests provided when they are applied after one full 48-h parasite cycle. The SYBR green assay, which measures the DNA content, usually requires 72 h of incubation to obtain reliable results. When delayed death is suspected, specific protocols are required with increasing incubation times up to 96 h. In contrast, both ELISA tests used (pLDH and HRP2) appear to be problematic, leading to disappointing and even erroneous results for molecules that do not share an artesunatelike profile. The reliability of these tests is linked to the mode of action of the drug, and the conditions required to get informative results are hard to predict. Our results suggest some minimal conditions to apply these tests that should give rise to a standard 50% inhibitory concentration, regardless of the mechanism of action of the compounds, and highlight that the most commonly used in vitro antimalarial activity tests do not have the same potential. Some of them might not detect the antimalarial potential of new classes of compounds with innovative modes of action, which subsequently could become promising new antimalarial drugs.
authors.affiliation: UMR 5235, Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS Université Montpellier II, Case 107, Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wein
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maynadier
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tran Van Ba
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cerdan
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peyrottes
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fraisse
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vial
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials