Human factors measurement for future air traffic control systems.
OBJECTIVE
This article provides a critical review of research pertaining to the measurement of human factors (HF) issues in current and future air traffic control (ATC).


BACKGROUND
Growing worldwide air traffic demands call for a radical departure from current ATC systems. Future systems will have a fundamental impact on the roles and responsibilities of ATC officers (ATCOs). Valid and reliable methods of assessing HF issues associated with these changes, such as a potential increase (or decrease) in workload, are of utmost importance for advancing theory and for designing systems, procedures, and training.


METHODS
We outline major aviation changes and how these relate to five key HF issues in ATC. Measures are outlined, compared, and evaluated and are followed by guidelines for assessing these issues in the ATC domain. Recommendations for future research are presented.


RESULTS
A review of the literature suggests that situational awareness and workload have been widely researched and assessed using a variety of measures, but researchers have neglected the areas of trust, stress, and boredom. We make recommendations for use of particular measures and the construction of new measures.


CONCLUSIONS
It is predicted that, given the changing role of ATCOs and profound future airspace requirements and configurations, issues of stress, trust, and boredom will become more significant. Researchers should develop and/or refine existing measures of all five key HF issues to assess their impact on ATCO performance. Furthermore, these issues should be considered in a holistic manner.


CONCLUSIONS
The current article provides an evaluation of research and measures used in HF research on ATC that will aid research and ATC measurement.
Langan-Fox
Janice
J
Faculty of Business and Enterprise, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. jalanganfox@swin.edu.au
Sankey
Michael J
MJ
Canty
James M
JM
D000060:Accidents, Aviation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States