title: Effects of moniliformin and selenium on human articular cartilage metabolism and their potential relationships to the pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of mycotoxin moniliformin (MON) on the metabolism of aggrecan and type II collagen in human chondrocytes in vitro and the relationship between MON and Kashin-Beck disease (KBD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Human chondrocytes were isolated and cultured on bone matrix gelatin to form an artificial cartilage model in vitro with or without MON toxin. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression of aggrecan and type II collagen in the cartilage was determined using immunocytochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MON toxin inhibited chondrocyte viability in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. MON reduced aggrecan and type II collagen syntheses in the tissue-engineered cartilage. MON also increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-13, BC4 epitopes, and CD44 in cartilages. However, the expression of 3B3(-) epitopes in cartilages was inhibited by MON. Selenium partially alleviated the damage of aggrecan induced by MON toxin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MON toxin promoted the catabolism of aggrecan and type II collagen in human chondrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endemic Diseases, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jun-ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jing-hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zeng-tie
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Si-yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Clare E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hugnes
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caterson
mesh_terms: D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003503:Cyclobutanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D003503:Cyclobutanes; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C008539:moniliformin; D012643:Selenium