title: Serum levels of cytokines in subjects with generalized chronic and aggressive periodontitis before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The emergence of periodontal medicine has increased interest in defining the serologic profiles of inflammatory mediators in subjects with periodontitis. Thus, the aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-4, -17, and -23 in subjects with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples taken from 42 systemically healthy subjects divided according to periodontal status into subjects with GAgP (n = 14) and GCP (n = 14) and periodontally healthy (PH) subjects (n = 14). In addition, the levels of cytokines were reassessed at 6 months after periodontal therapy in the periodontitis groups. Clinical parameters were also evaluated at baseline and 6 months post-therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After therapy, both periodontitis groups demonstrated a significant improvement in clinical periodontal status (P <0.05). At baseline, concentrations of TNF-alpha (P = 0.0006) and IL-17 (P = 0.02) were significantly higher in the GAgP group compared to the other groups. There was a significant decrease in serum concentrations of TNF-alpha (P = 0.03) and IL-17 (P = 0.04) at 6 months post-therapy in the GAgP group (P <0.05). The concentration of TNF-alpha remained elevated in the GAgP group compared to the PH group at 6 months post-therapy (P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects with GAgP presented higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-17 than subjects with GCP and PH subjects. In addition, although the serum levels of these cytokines improved significantly as a result of periodontal therapy, the levels of TNF-alpha remained higher in subjects with GAgP compared to PH subjects.
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontics, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil. pduarte@ung.br
authors.forename: Poliana Mendes
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: da Rocha
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.forename: Maria Josefa
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mestnik
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feres
authors.forename: Luciene Cristina
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Marta Ferreira
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faveri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy; D003777:Dental Prophylaxis; D012534:Dental Scaling; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000097:blood; D053759:Interleukin-23 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016745:Root Planing; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D020381:Interleukin-17; D053759:Interleukin-23; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma