title: Robot-assisted laparoscopic middle pancreatectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Middle pancreatectomy has been accepted as a valid surgical alternative to more extensive standard resections for the treatment of benign central pancreatic tumors. In this article, we describe a new minimally invasive approach to this procedure, using a robot-assisted laparoscopic technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 2004 to October 2005, 3 patients (2 female and 1 male), with a mean age of 52 years (range, 44-68), underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic middle pancreatectomies at the Department of General Surgery of Misericordia Hospital in Grosseto, Italy. Two of the patients had symptomatic serous cystadenomas, and 1 patient had a mucinous cystadenoma, which was discovered incidentally. The da Vinci((R)) Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA) was used to perform the main steps of the intervention. All patients underwent a pancreaticogastrostomy for pancreaticoenteric reconstruction to the distal stump.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operative time was 320 minutes (range, 270-380). Mean blood loss was 233 mL (range, 100-400). There were no mortalities. One patient developed a postoperative pancreatic fistula, which was managed conservatively. The postoperative hospital stay was 9 days for 2 patients and 27 days for the third patient. No endocrine or exocrine deficiencies were observed in the patients during a mean follow-up of 44 months (range, 38-48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Robot-assisted laparoscopic middle pancreatectomy presents an interesting, less-invasive option for resection of benign tumors of the neck and proximal body of the pancreas. In benign disease, it allows for the preservation of functional pancreatic parenchyma and, subsequently, reduced operative trauma.
authors.affiliation: Division of General, Minimally Invasive, and Robotic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. piercg@uic.edu
authors.forename: Pier C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Giulianotti
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sbrana
authors.forename: Francesco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Addeo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caravaglios
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018291:Cystadenoma, Mucinous / Q000601:surgery*; D018293:Cystadenoma, Serous / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012371:Robotics