title: A prospective audit of adjunctive zonisamide in an everyday clinical setting.
abstract: This audit examined outcomes for 203 patients prescribed zonisamide (ZNS) for various uncontrolled seizure types at a specialist outpatient service. Forty-two (20.7%) patients achieved 6 months of seizure freedom, and an additional 37 (18.2%) had a 50% seizure reduction for 6 months on a stable ZNS dose. Seizure freedom was more likely in patients with primary generalized (24/61, 39%) than in those with partial-onset (18/141, 12.7%) seizures (P<0.001). Eight patients (5 seizure free) were maintained on ZNS monotherapy. More patients became seizure free with ZNS as monotherapy or first add-on, compared with those in whom ZNS was the second, third, or fourth adjunctive drug (P=0.001). Seizure freedom was less likely in patients treated with hepatic enzyme-inducing agents (13/113, 11.5%) than in those receiving noninducing AEDs (24/82, 29.3%) (P=0.002). ZNS was discontinued in 72 (35.5%) patients largely because of side effects (n=58, 28.6%). Commonest complaints leading to withdrawal were sedation (n=14), nausea and vomiting (n=13), neuropsychiatric symptoms (n=12), rash (n=6), and weight loss (n=6). Around 80% of patients who became seizure free on ZNS or had the drug withdrawn did so on a dose 200mg. ZNS is an effective broad-spectrum AED that can also produce a range of dose-dependent and idiosyncratic side effects.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Unit, Division of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, UK. linda.stephen@ggc.scot.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Stephen
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Elaine A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brodie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult; D000078305:Zonisamide
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D007555:Isoxazoles; D000078305:Zonisamide