title: Pharmacogenetics of adverse effects due to antiretroviral drugs.
abstract: The availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy has markedly improved the survival rate and quality of life in patients infected with HIV. At present, however, there is still no cure for HIV and those undergoing treatment have to do so for life. The use of antiretroviral drugs has been associated with several toxicities that limit their success. Some acute and chronic toxicities associated with these drugs include hypersensitivity reactions, neurotoxicity, nephropathy, liver damage, and the appearance of body fat redistribution syndrome and the different metabolic alterations that accompany it. Some of these toxicities are family- or even drug-specific. Since not all patients that take a particular antiretroviral medication develop the adverse effect that has been attributed to that drug, it has therefore been postulated that there must be a genetically conditioned individual predisposition to developing the adverse effect. Pharmacogenetics is the science that studies interindividual variations in the response to and toxicity of pharmaceuticals due to variations in the genetic composition of individuals - in other words, how a person's genetic make-up influences the favorable or adverse effects of a certain treatment. Sufficient advances have been made in this discipline to allow this fertile field of research to move out of the basic science laboratory and into clinical applications. The present article reviews the investigations that have been published regarding the association between genetic determinants of persons infected with HIV and clinical toxicity resulting from different antiretroviral drugs. Special emphasis is devoted to the studies that have resulted in clinical applications such as that of the pre-screening of HLA B*5701 for avoiding abacavir-related hypersensitivity syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas y VIH/SIDA, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. fvidalmarsal.hj23.ics@gencat.cat
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olona
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Gracia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mateo
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peraire
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viladés
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veloso
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Dupla
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Domingo
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015894:Genome, Human; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015235:HLA-B Antigens