title: Polymorphisms in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion protein, PcrV - implications for anti-PcrV immunotherapy.
abstract: The type III secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, responsible for acute infection, is composed of over twenty proteins that facilitate cytotoxin injection directly into host cells. Integral to this process is production and secretion of PcrV. Administration of a recently developed, anti-PcrV immunoglobulin, either as a therapeutic or prophylactic has previously demonstrated efficacy against laboratory strains of P. aeruginosa in a murine model. To determine if this therapy is universally applicable to a variety of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, genetic heterogeneity of pcrV was analyzed among strains collected from three geographically distinct regions; United States, France and Japan. Sequence analysis of PcrV demonstrated limited variation among the clinical isolates examined. Strains were grouped according to the presence of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms. Representative isolates from each mutant group were examined for the ability of anti-PcrV to bind the protein secreted by these strains. The protective effect of anti-PcrV IgG against each strain was determined using an epithelial cell line cytotoxicity assay. The majority of strains tested demonstrated reduced cytotoxicity in the presence of anti-PcrV IgG. This study provides insights into the natural sequence variability of PcrV and an initial indication of the amino acid residues that appear to be conserved across strains. It also demonstrates the protective effect of anti-PcrV immunotherapy against a multitude of P. aeruginosa strains from diverse global regions with a variety of mutations in PcrV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. susan.lynch@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Susan V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Judith L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: Teiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Marshall S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Amua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubio-Mills
authors.forename: Temitayo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ajayi
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirakata
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Misset
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Jeanine P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wiener-Kronish
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007564:Japan; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000235:genetics; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; C118546:antigen V, Pseudomonas