title: [A preliminary study on the mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine in the inhibition of proliferation and collagen synthesis of human pulmonary fibroblasts.].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the inhibition of proliferation and collagen synthesis of human pulmonary fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The human pulmonary fibroblasts (HFB) were primarily cultured in complete medium of DMEM/F12, with the cell line A549 derived from alveolar epithelia as the control. Different concentrations of NAC were administrated, with or without stimulation by TGF-beta(1) for 24 h. The cell proliferations were tested by methylthiazolyltetrazolium (MTT) and cell cycle detected with flow cytometer. The mRNA expression of type I procollagen was tested with RT-PCR. Proteins of cyclin E, alpha-SMA and STAT-3 were detected with Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proliferation of HFB was inhibited significantly by NAC at different concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 40 mmol/L). NAC had no effects on proliferation of A549 at a dose of 20 mmol/L. The cell proportion in G(0)/G(1) phase was increased by NAC at different concentrations (10, 20 and 40 mmol/L), while the changes in S-phase ratio were decreased significantly. Procollagen type Isynthesis was increased by TGF-beta(1) significantly. NAC showed inhibition on procollagen type I synthesis before or after stimulation with TGF-beta(1). Expression of protein cyclin E and alpha-SMA was significantly induced by TGF-beta(1), the relative indensity being 0.98 +/- 0.09 and 1.56 +/- 0.23 respectively. Induction of cyclin E by TGF-beta(1) was attenuated significantly by NAC 20 mmol/L (0.52 +/- 0.04). But alpha-SMA was not changed by NAC 20 mmol/L (1.63 +/- 0.20). Stimulation with TGF-beta(1) and NAC had no effects on expression of STAT-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition on proliferation of HFB by NAC may be through the attenuation of cyclin E. Differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts was inhibited by NAC through inhibition on alpha-SMA. NAC directly inhibited collagen synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Nan-Shan
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000111:Acetylcysteine