title: Neurocognition in early-onset schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the neuropsychological functioning of youth enrolled in the NIMH funded trial, Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS). We compared the baseline neuropsychological functioning of youth with schizophrenia (SZ, n = 79) to those with schizoaffective disorder (SA, n = 40), and examined the relationship of different variables of illness severity and adaptive behavior to neuropsychological functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants ranged in age from 8 to 19 years. Diagnostic status was confirmed via structured interview over multiple time points. Domains of neuropsychological functioning included fine-motor, attention, working memory, problem-solving efficiency, inhibitory control, and social cognition. Other variables included intelligence (IQ), academic achievement skills, adaptive behavior, and different measures of illness severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups did not differ on IQ or on any of the neuropsychological domains. The SZ group performed significantly lower in spelling. A high proportion of individuals in both groups reflected significant intellectual and academic achievement skill deficits. Significant correlations were found between the neurocognitive domains and both illness severity and adaptive behavior variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were few differences between the SZ and SA groups on IQ, achievement, or neuropsychological functioning; however, both groups showed significantly high rates of deficits in IQ and basic academic skills. Correlations of the neurocognitive functions with illness severity and adaptive behavior were small to moderate in magnitude. These findings continue to implicate the importance of neurocognitive functioning as a key area of vulnerability in the study of youth with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
authors.affiliation: The Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7255, USA. Stephen.hooper@cdl.unc.edu
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Youngstrom
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Breiger
authors.forename: Linmarie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sikich
authors.forename: Jean A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frazier
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Findling
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McClellan
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hamer
authors.forename: Benedetto
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vitiello
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lieberman
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology