title: Treatment of primary CNS germinomatous germ cell tumors with chemotherapy prior to reduced dose whole ventricular and local boost irradiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate a reduced irradiation dose strategy for newly diagnosed primary central nervous system (CNS) germinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with histologically diagnosed localized pure germinoma (n = 19) or germinoma with a mature teratoma component (n = 1) received four cycles of carboplatin and etoposide at 3-week intervals. In 18 patients, chemotherapy was followed by whole ventricular irradiation to 21.6-25.5 Gy with a simultaneous integrated or sequential primary site boost to 30-30.6 Gy. Initial tumor markers for beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCGbeta) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were evaluated in serum and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Endoscopic biopsies were performed in 12 patients and partial resections in the remaining 8 patients at diagnosis. Neurocognitive function was evaluated periodically following treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen of 20 patients are without evidence of residual or recurrent tumor. Both relapsing patients were subsequently determined to harbor malignant non-germinomatous germ cell tumor (NGGCT). This retrospective study shows that the Kaplan-Meier estimates of event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) at 3 years for all 20 patients were 89.5 +/- 7.1% and 100%, respectively. Neurocognitive function was well preserved in all 19 evaluable patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemotherapy followed by reduced dose whole ventricular and local boost irradiation appears to be effective in patients with localized pure CNS germinoma with evidence of preservation of neurocognitive function.
authors.affiliation: Neural Tumors Program, Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA. soumen.khatua@imail.org
authors.forename: Soumen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khatua
authors.forename: Girish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dhall
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Neil
authors.forename: Rima
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jubran
authors.forename: Judith G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Villablanca
authors.forename: Araz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marachelian
authors.forename: Arti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nastia
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lavey
authors.forename: Arthur J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Olch
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Floyd
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gilles
authors.forename: Marvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panigrahy
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McComb
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sposto
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Finlay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000097:blood; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005047:Etoposide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D018237:Germinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D005047:Etoposide; D016190:Carboplatin