title: Complement regulator CD59 protects against angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complement system, an innate immunity, has been well documented to play a critical role in many inflammatory diseases. However, the role of complement in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm, which is considered an immune and inflammatory disease, remains obscure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we evaluated the pathogenic roles of complement membrane attack complex and CD59, a key regulator that inhibits the membrane attack complex, in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm. We demonstrated that in the angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm model, deficiency of the membrane attack complex regulator CD59 in ApoE-null mice (mCd59ab(-/-)/ApoE(-/-)) accelerated the disease development, whereas transgenic overexpression of human CD59 (hCD59(ICAM-2+/-)/ApoE(-/-)) in this model attenuated the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm. The severity of aneurysm among these 3 groups positively correlates with C9 deposition, and/or the activities of MMP2 and MMP9, and/or the levels of phosphorylated c-Jun, c-Fos, IKK-alpha/beta, and p65. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the membrane attack complex directly induced gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in vitro, which required activation of the activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, these results defined the protective role of CD59 and shed light on the important pathogenic role of the membrane attack complex in abdominal aortic aneurysm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA.
authors.forename: Gongxiong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Aliakbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shahsafaei
authors.forename: Weiguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Roderick T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Bronson
authors.forename: Guo-Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Halperin
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aktas
authors.forename: Xuebin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018957:CD59 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D023421:Models, Animal; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D018957:CD59 Antigens; D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D000804:Angiotensin II; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9