title: Urinary incontinence is associated with lower psychological general well-being in community-dwelling women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are few studies documenting the impact of urinary incontinence (UI) on well-being in women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between different types of UI and general well-being in women in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of 542 community-dwelling women, aged 24 to 80 years, was conducted in July 2006. A detailed self-administered questionnaire was mailed to the study participants. UI was assessed using the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis, and well-being was assessed using the Psychological General Well-being Index (PGWBI). The relationships between types of UI and PGWBI scores were assessed using multiple regression analyses while adjusting for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 506 (94%) women provided data for analysis. Women with incontinence had a lower total PGWBI score (76.9 +/- 16.5) than did women with no UI (81.6 +/- 15.3; P = 0.001). The total PGWBI mean score was significantly lower in women with stress-only UI (77.8 +/- 16.2; P = 0.05) and mixed UI (74.2 +/- 17.8; P < 0.001) compared with women with no UI. There was no significant difference in the mean total scores between women with urge UI and women without UI. Stress-only UI was negatively associated with the PGWBI subdomains of self-control, general health, and vitality, whereas those with mixed UI had lower scores for all the PGWBI subdomains. The associations for UI remained significant after adjustment for age, systemic hormone therapy use, menopause status, smoking status, and regular exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not only is UI associated with a significant reduction in well-being in community-dwelling women, but also, the relationship between different types of UI and well-being seems to differ.
authors.affiliation: Women's Health Program, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Roslin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Botlero
authors.forename: Robin J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Urquhart
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000523:psychology*; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult