title: Superior temporal gyrus volume in antipsychotic-naive people at risk of psychosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Morphological abnormalities of the superior temporal gyrus have been consistently reported in schizophrenia, but the timing of their occurrence remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether individuals exhibit superior temporal gyral changes before the onset of psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used magnetic resonance imaging to examine grey matter volumes of the superior temporal gyrus and its subregions (planum polare, Heschl's gyrus, planum temporale, and rostral and caudal regions) in 97 antipsychotic-naive individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis, of whom 31 subsequently developed psychosis and 66 did not, and 42 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Those at risk of psychosis had significantly smaller superior temporal gyri at baseline compared with controls bilaterally, without any prominent subregional effect; however, there was no difference between those who did and did not subsequently develop psychosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that grey matter reductions of the superior temporal gyrus are present before psychosis onset, and are not due to medication, but these baseline changes are not predictive of transition to psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, c/o National Neuroscience Facility, 161 Barry Street, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia. tsutomu@med.u-toyama.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Alison R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Yung
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walterfang
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Soulsby
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Patrick D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: McGorry
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Velakoulis
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pantelis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000341:Affective Disorders, Psychotic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents