title: Multiple-suture nonsyndromic craniosynostosis: early and effective management using endoscopic techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors present the results of treating infants with multiple-suture nonsyndromic craniosynostosis in whom the authors used minimally invasive endoscopy-assisted techniques and postoperative cranial molding over an 11-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 21 patients who presented with multiple-suture (nonsyndromic) craniosynostosis were treated using minimally invasive endoscopy-assisted craniectomies. Surgery was followed by treatment with custommade cranial orthoses for up to 12 months. A total of 48 sutures were treated. The most common was the coronal suture (38 cases) and this was followed by the sagittal (11 cases), metopic (6 cases), and lambdoid (3 cases) sutures. There were 13 male and 8 female pediatric patients. Their ages ranged between 3 weeks and 9 months (mean 3.2 months, median 2.5 months). The sagittal suture was treated with a wide vertex craniotomy via 2 incisions located behind the anterior fontanel and in front of the lambda. The metopic suture underwent a suturectomy as did the coronal and lambdoid sutures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up duration was 61 months (range 3-135 months). There were no deaths. In patients with bicoronal synostosis, brachycephaly was corrected. Patients presenting with vertical dystopia or nasal deviation had these deformities corrected as well. The mean blood loss was 42 ml (range 10-120 ml). The mean hospital length of stay was 1 day. The intraoperative transfusion rate was 0%. The results indicate that nonsyndromic multiple-suture synostosis can be safely and effectively treated using endoscopic techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early treatment of complex multiple-suture synostosis with endoscopic techniques provides an excellent surgical alternative. The results of the present study indicate marked correction of skull base and craniofacial deformities. Endoscopy provides a safe and effective way to treat these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA. jimenezd3@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: Constance M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Barone
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome