title: Differential effects of sumoylation on transcription and alternative splicing by transcription elongation regulator 1 (TCERG1).
abstract: Modification of proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is emerging as an important control of transcription and RNA processing. The human factor TCERG1 (also known as CA150) participates in transcriptional elongation and alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs. Here, we report that SUMO family proteins modify TCERG1. Furthermore, TCERG1 binds to the E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9. Two lysines (Lys-503 and Lys-608) of TCERG1 are the major sumoylation sites. Sumoylation does not affect localization of TCERG1 to the splicing factor-rich nuclear speckles or the alternative splicing function of TCERG1. However, mutation of the SUMO acceptor lysine residues enhanced TCERG1 transcriptional activity, indicating that SUMO modification negatively regulates TCERG1 transcriptional activity. These results reveal a regulatory role for sumoylation in controlling the activity of a transcription factor that modulates RNA polymerase II elongation and mRNA alternative processing, which are discriminated differently by this post-translational modification.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Molecular Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain; Departments of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Departments of Molecular Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.affiliation: Departments of Molecular Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Noemí
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernández-Munain
authors.affiliation: Departments of Molecular Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain. Electronic address: csune@ipb.csic.es.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suñé
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins; C108440:TCERG1 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors