title: Total scores of the CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery: validation for mild cognitive impairment and dementia patients with diverse etiologies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to validate the two total scores (TS-I and TS-II) of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer Disease neuropsychological battery (CERAD-NP) for a large elderly population including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia patients with various etiologic backgrounds. The authors also investigated whether the addition of frontal-executive function score can improve the discrimination accuracy of the total scores for dementia and MCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand three hundred thirty-six normal comparison (NC), 583 dementia (420 AD, 111 non-AD dementia, and 52 mixed AD with non-AD dementia), and 250 MCI (223 amnestic and 27 nonamnestic MCI) individuals living in the community were included (all aged 60 years and older).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both TS-I and TS-II were highly correlated with other global cognitive and functional scales. Both total scores showed, though modest, superior NC versus MCI discrimination ability to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Their discrimination ability for NC versus dementia was excellent and significantly better, especially in discriminating very mild dementia, than MMSE. The addition of frontal-executive test score to TS-I or TS-II did not make a significant improvement in dementia or MCI discrimination ability. Both of them also showed higher test-retest and interrater reliability than MMSE or any individual neuropsychological tests in the CERAD-NP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results strongly support the validity and usefulness of CERAD total scores for early detection and progression monitoring of MCI and dementia in clinical and research settings.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program for Cognitive Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Hyun
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Dong Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung Hie
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Il Han
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: Jee Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shin Gyeom
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shin Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Yeon Ja
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Jong Choul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Jin Hyeong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jhoo
authors.forename: Ki Woong
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Inn
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003071:Cognition; D057186:Comparative Effectiveness Research; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index