title: Improvement of endothelial damage and regeneration indexes in patients with coronary artery disease after 4 weeks of statin therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), higher numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) favourably influence clinical outcome. Controversially, increased apoptosis of endothelial cells (EC) may reflect vascular damage. Statins have been shown to improve vascular damage and enhance EPC function and numbers. The availability of ezetimibe, a potent novel cholesterol absorption inhibitor, allows to distinguish between lipid-lowering and pleiotropic properties of statins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  43 patients with CAD were assigned to receive either: de novo atorvastatin (group A; n=17), ezetimibe as add-on to chronic statin therapy (group B; n=14), or dose escalation of atorvastatin (group C; n=12) over 4 weeks. Circulating apoptotic EC (CD45-CD146+vWF+Annexin-V+) and EPC (CD34+KDR+) were quantified using flow cytometry. LDL cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in all treatment arms. Both statin groups, group A and group C, showed significantly reduced circulating apoptotic EC by 50% each (p<0.01). On the other hand, there was a significant doubling in the numbers of circulating EPC in group A and group C (p<0.005, each). Consequently, the endothelial damage-index calculated from numbers of circulating apoptotic mature EC related to EPC numbers, was improved in group A by 79% (p<0.01) and in group C by 70% (p<0.05). In contrast, sole LDL reduction by ezetimibe exerted no effect on any of the different circulating endothelial cell types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, the improvement in numbers of EPC and reduction of mature apoptotic EC after 4 weeks of statin therapy, document a novel pleiotropic effect of statin therapy in patients with CAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, Johann W. Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany. caroline.schmidt-lucke@charite.de
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Lucke
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fichtlscherer
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rössig
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kämper
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dimmeler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001384:Azetidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000069438:Ezetimibe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001384:Azetidines; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D000069438:Ezetimibe