title: Immunomodulatory effects of Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 exopolymers on the cyclophosphamide-treated mice.
abstract: The immunomodulatory effects of exopolymers of Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 containing beta-1,3/1,6-glucan were evaluated on the cyclophosphamide (CPA)-treated mice. To induce immunosuppress, 150 and 110 mg/kg of CPA were intraperitoneally injected at 1 and 3 days before start of test material administrations, respectively. Exopolymers were subcutaneously or orally administered in a volume of 10 ml/kg, 4 times; 12-hr intervals from 24 hrs after second treatment of CPA. After treatment of exopolymers, the changes of thymus and spleen weights, splenic amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-10, thymic and splenic CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and TNF-alpha+ cells were monitored in CPA-treated mice. As results of CPA treatment, dramatical decreases of the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and TNF-alpha+ cells were detected in thymus and spleen with decreases of thymus and spleen weights. In addition, decreases of splenic TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-10 contents were also detected at flow cytometrical observations. However, oral and subcutaneous treatment of exopolymers effectively reduced the immunosuppressive changes induced by CPA. Therefore, it is concluded that exopolymers of A. pullulans can be effectively prevent the immunosuppress mediated, at least partially, recruitment of T cells and TNF-alpha+ cells or enhancement of their activity, and can provide effective prevention or treat regimes for the immunosuppress and related diseases such as cancer, sepsis and high-dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Joo-Wan
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyung-Rae
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seung-Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Hyun-Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Kun-Ju
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hyeung-Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Sam
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Sae-Kwang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ku
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001704:Biopolymers; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D011134:Polysaccharides; D003520:Cyclophosphamide