title: Efficiency of spectrometers.
abstract: A general formula for the calculation of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of a spectroscopic measurement is derived, and its factors are discussed. Particular attention is paid to identify which losses are necessarily present in the measurement and which can be avoided or reduced. The formula can also be used for the comparison of the different spectroscopic methods.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carli
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Natale