Guinea pig horizontal cells express GABA, the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD 65, and the GABA vesicular transporter.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is likely expressed in horizontal cells of all species, although conflicting physiological findings have led to considerable controversy regarding its role as a transmitter in the outer retina. This study has evaluated key components of the GABA system in the outer retina of guinea pig, an emerging retinal model system. The presence of GABA, its rate-limiting synthetic enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD(65) and GAD(67) isoforms), the plasma membrane GABA transporters (GAT-1 and GAT-3), and the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) was evaluated by using immunohistochemistry with well-characterized antibodies. The presence of GAD(65) mRNA was also evaluated by using laser capture microdissection and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Specific GABA, GAD(65), and VGAT immunostaining was localized to horizontal cell bodies, as well as to their processes and tips in the outer plexiform layer. Furthermore, immunostaining of retinal whole mounts and acutely dissociated retinas showed GAD(65) and VGAT immunoreactivity in both A-type and B-type horizontal cells. However, these cells did not contain GAD(67), GAT-1, or GAT-3 immunoreactivity. GAD(65) mRNA was detected in horizontal cells, and sequencing of the amplified GAD(65) fragment showed approximately 85% identity with other mammalian GAD(65) mRNAs. These studies demonstrate the presence of GABA, GAD(65), and VGAT in horizontal cells of the guinea pig retina, and support the idea that GABA is synthesized from GAD(65), taken up into synaptic vesicles by VGAT, and likely released by a vesicular mechanism from horizontal cells.
Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Chenying
C
Guo
Arlene A
AA
Hirano
Salvatore L
SL
Stella
Michaela
M
Bitzer
Nicholas C
NC
Brecha
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D064026:Calbindins; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D042282:Microdissection / Q000379:methods; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051248:Retinal Horizontal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology*; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000378:metabolism; D050495:Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
D064026:Calbindins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; D050495:Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transport Proteins; C493406:vesicular GABA transporter; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase