Low life purpose and high hostility are related to an attenuated decline in nocturnal blood pressure.
OBJECTIVE
An attenuation of the nighttime decline in blood pressure (BP) predicts cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular-related mortality, beyond daytime BP levels. We investigated whether positive and negative psychological attributes were associated with sleep-wake BP ratios and examined sleep parameters as potential mediators of these relationships.


METHODS
Two hundred twenty-four participants (50% men; 43% Black; mean age = 60 years) underwent ambulatory BP monitoring for 2 days and nights. Self-reports of positive and negative psychological attributes were collected. In-home polysomnography was conducted for 2 nights, and a wrist actigraph was worn for 9 nights.


METHODS
Sleep-wake mean arterial pressure (MAP) ratios.


RESULTS
After adjustment for demographics, body mass index, and hypertensive status, low life purpose and high hostility were associated with high sleep-wake MAP ratios. Depression, anxiety, and optimism were not related to MAP ratios. Sleep latency, fragmentation, architecture, and the apnea-hypopnea index were examined as potential mediators between psychological attributes and MAP ratios; only long sleep latency mediated the relationship between hostility and MAP ratios.


CONCLUSIONS
Low life purpose and high hostility are associated with high sleep-wake BP ratios in Black and White adults, and these relationships are largely independent of sleep.
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Elizabeth J
EJ
Mezick
Karen A
KA
Matthews
Martica
M
Hall
Thomas W
TW
Kamarck
Patrick J
PJ
Strollo
Daniel J
DJ
Buysse
Jane F
JF
Owens
Steven E
SE
Reis
D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D001143:Arousal; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014851:Wakefulness