Who gets what and why? Help middle-aged adults provide to parents and grown children.
OBJECTIVE
Middle-aged adults engage in support exchanges with generations above and below. This study investigated (a) how support to one generation is associated with support to the other and (b) factors accounting for whether parents or offspring receive more support in a family.


METHODS
Middle-aged adults aged 40-60 years (N = 633) completed telephone interviews regarding their relationships and support exchanges with each grown child and living parent.


RESULTS
Multilevel models revealed that most participants provided more support to the average grown child than to the average parent. Yet, a proportion of the sample reversed this pattern, providing more support to parents. Mediation models revealed that middle-aged adults provided greater support to offspring because they viewed offspring as more important than parents and offspring had greater everyday needs (e.g., being a student, not married). Parental disability accounted for greater support to parents.


CONCLUSIONS
Discussion integrates solidarity theory, developmental stake, and contingency theory. Most middle-aged adults provide more to grown offspring than to parents, consistent with their greater stake in their progeny. Middle-aged adults also respond to crises (i.e., parental disability) and everyday needs (i.e., offspring student status) in providing intergenerational support, in accordance with contingency theory.
Fingerman
Karen L
KL
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. karenf@purdue.edu
Pitzer
Lindsay M
LM
Chan
Wai
W
Birditt
Kira
K
Franks
Melissa M
MM
Zarit
Steven
S
D000328:Adult; D032721:Adult Children; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D016901:Intergenerational Relations; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents; D012944:Social Support