Associations of excess weight gain during pregnancy with long-term maternal overweight and obesity: evidence from 21 y postpartum follow-up.
BACKGROUND
The contribution of gestational weight gain (GWG) to the development of obesity may have important implications for mothers in their later lives. However, whether GWG is a strong predictor of body mass index (BMI) 2 decades after the index pregnancy is unknown.


OBJECTIVE
We examined the long-term effect of GWG by using a community-based birth cohort study.


METHODS
We followed a subsample of 2055 women from an original cohort of 7223 women who gave birth in Brisbane, Australia, between 1981 and 1983. Multivariable regression and multinomial regression were used to examine the independent associations of GWG per gestational week and Institute of Medicine (IOM) categories of combined prepregnancy BMI and GWG with BMI and its categories 21 y after the index pregnancy.


RESULTS
In analyses using GWG per week as a continuous exposure variable, maternal BMI (in kg/m(2)) increased, on average, by 0.52 (95% CI: 0.31, 0.73) for a 0.1-kg/wk greater GWG. This association became stronger when adjusted for maternal prepregnancy BMI. Analyses with IOM categories showed a greater postnatal increase in BMI for women defined as having excessive GWG (3.72, on average; 95% CI: 3.12, 4.31) than for women with adequate GWG. The women who gained excess weight during pregnancy had increased odds of being overweight [odds ratio (OR): 2.15; 95% CI: 1.64, 2.82] or obese (OR: 4.49; 95% CI; 3.42, 5.89) 21 y after the index pregnancy. These associations were independent of other potential factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Weight gain during pregnancy independently predicts the long-term weight gain and obesity of women.
Mamun
Abdullah A
AA
School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia. mamun@sph.uq.edu.au
Kinarivala
Mansey
M
O'Callaghan
Michael J
MJ
Williams
Gail M
GM
Najman
Jake M
JM
Callaway
Leonie K
LK
D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015969:National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014481:United States; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*; D014944:World Health Organization; D055815:Young Adult