Intake of total dietary sugar and fibre is associated with insulin resistance among Danish 8-10- and 14-16-year-old girls but not boys. European Youth Heart Studies I and II.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the dietary intake of total sugar, added sugar, non-added sugar and starch as well as dietary fibre and glycaemic index (GI) and their respective associations with insulin resistance.


METHODS
Mixed linear models were used to study both cross-sectional and prospective associations between carbohydrate components and insulin resistance separately in girls and boys. Diet was assessed by a single 24 h recall interview and insulin resistance was calculated using the homoestasis model assessment (HOMA).


METHODS
The Danish part of the European Youth Heart Studies (EYHS) I and II.


METHODS
Girls and boys at 8-10 and 14-16 years from EYHS I (n 651) and 8-10-year-olds from baseline followed up 6 years later in EYHS II (n 233).


RESULTS
Among girls, a difference in dietary total sugar of 43 g/MJ was associated with a 1 sd difference of HOMA and a difference in dietary fibre of -8 g/MJ was associated with a 1 sd difference of HOMA, independent of age, maturity and other confounders (both P = 0.03). No baseline associations were found among boys and no prospective associations were found in either sex.


CONCLUSIONS
Dietary intake of total sugar may play an adverse role and fibre may play a beneficial role in concurrent insulin resistance among girls but not boys. Sex differences may be due to differences in maturity, physical activity, food patterns and selective reporting behaviours.
Kynde
Iben
I
Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Centre for Health and Society, Copenhagen N, Denmark. ibenk@mfi.ku.dk
Johnsen
Nina F
NF
Wedderkopp
Niels
N
Bygbjerg
I B C
IB
Helge
Jørn W
JW
Heitmann
Berit L
BL
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark; D015930:Diet Records; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors
D004043:Dietary Fiber; D019422:Dietary Sucrose