Risk-based assessment does not distinguish between recent and chronic HIV-1 infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
This study investigated the risk factors associated with recent and chronic HIV infections among individual attending a voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) site in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In a cross-sectional study, recent HIV infections were detected by the sensitive/less-sensitive test, using Serologic Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS) strategy, and compared to chronic HIV infection and HIV negative individuals. Seroincidence was estimated and risk factors associated with recent and chronic infections were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. Among the 7,379 individuals tested between June 2006 and April 2007, the overall prevalence and incidence of HIV infection were 7.5%; and 1.39/100 PY, respectively. In multivariate analysis, having a HIV positive steady partner was a risk factor for recent and for chronic HIV infection for MSM, heterosexual male and women. No differences in risk factors for recent and chronic infections were found between MSM and heterosexual males. Among women, chronic infected individuals were more likely than HIV negatives to be older. Recently HIV infected women were more likely than HIV negatives to be less educated; and more likely than HIV negatives and chronically infected to report having more partners. Routinely used risk-based assessment in testing centers in Brazil lack sensitivity to distinguish between recent and chronic infections, particularly among MSM and heterosexual males. Steady relationships and serosorting may be playing a key role in maintaining the HIV epidemics in Brazil.
Merçon
Monica
M
Projeto Praça Onze, Hospital Escola São Francisco de Assis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. monica.mercon@gmail.com
Tuboi
Suely H
SH
Batista
Sônia Maria
SM
Telles
Sandra Regina Barros
SR
Grangeiro
José Roberto
JR
Zajdenverg
Roberto
R
Lago
Regina Ferro do
RF
Barroso
Paulo Feijó
PF
Melo
Maria de Fátima
Mde F
Schechter
Mauro
M
D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003376:Counseling; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data