Cardiopulmonary effects of a new inspiratory impedance threshold device in anesthetized hypotensive dogs.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the hemodynamic and respiratory effects of an inspiratory impedance threshold device (ITD) in anesthetized normotensive and hypotensive dogs.


METHODS
Prospective randomized study.


METHODS
Ten adult dogs.


METHODS
Dogs were anesthetized with propofol followed by isoflurane. During spontaneous ventilation, tidal volume (.VT), systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, gastric PCO(2) as an indicator of gastric perfusion, subcutaneous oxygen tension, subcutaneous blood flow, cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance and blood lactate were monitored. To monitor respiratory compliance (RC) and resistance (ResR), animals were briefly placed on mechanical ventilation. Dogs were studied under four different conditions: 1) normotension (MAP > 60 mmHg) with and without the ITD and 2) hypotension (target MAP = 40 mmHg) with and without ITD. These four conditions were performed during one anesthetic period, allowing for stabilization of parameters for each condition. Data were analyzed by anova repeated measure mixed models.


RESULTS
No cardiovascular changes were detected between no ITD and ITD in the normotensive state. During hypotension, CI was higher with the ITD (5 +/- 1.0 L minute(-1) m(-2)) compared with no ITD (4 +/- 1.3 L minute(-1) m(-2)). During hypotension, SAP was increased with ITD (80 +/- 14 mmHg) versus without ITD (67 +/- 13 mmHg). There was an increase in ResR and decreased RC with the ITD in both normotensive and hypotensive state.


CONCLUSIONS
Impedance threshold device in dogs during isoflurane-induced hypotension improved CI and SAP but had negative effects on RC and ResR.
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. shiha@vetmed.ufl.edu
Andre C
AC
Shih
Alessio
A
Vigani
Nichole
N
Loring
Fernando G
FG
Pereira
Mark
M
Szarowicz
Carsten
C
Bandt
D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002496:Central Venous Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D007022:Hypotension / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D007530:Isoflurane; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D012119:Respiration; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000502:physiology
D007773:Lactates; D007530:Isoflurane; D010100:Oxygen