Risk factors associated with observed clinical lumpy skin disease in Ethiopia.
A cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the distribution of lumpy skin disease (LSD) and associated risk factors in three main agro-climatic zones of Ethiopia. A total of 330 questionnaire surveys were collected from 44 peasant associations (PA) distributed in 15 districts. Across agro-climate zones, herd-level LSD prevalence in the midland agro-climate was significantly higher 55.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 47.5-62.6] than in highland and lowland agro-climate zones. Overall observed LSD prevalence at animal-level was 8.1% (95% CI 7.3-8.9) and observed mortality was 2.12% (95% CI 1.73-2.6). The odds ratio (OR) of LSD occurrence in midland vs. highland and lowland vs. highland zones was 3.86 (95% CI 2.61-5.11) and 4.85 (95% CI 2.59-7.1), respectively. Significantly high risk of LSD occurrence was associated with communal grazing and watering management (OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.02-6.18) and introduction of new cattle (OR 8.5, 95% CI 6.0-11.0). Our findings describe the distribution of LSD in different agro-climates in Ethiopia along with associated risk factors, and can help shed light on the epidemiology of LSD in other African countries suffering from the disease.
Gari
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National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia. getachewgj@yahoo.com
Waret-Szkuta
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A
Grosbois
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V
Jacquiet
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P
Roger
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F
D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002980:Climate; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008166:Lumpy Skin Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires