MRI-model to guide the surgical treatment in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to establish an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based interpretation model to facilitate the selection of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).


BACKGROUND
Although MRI is the most reliable method to assess tumor size after NAC, criteria for the correct selection of surgery remain unclear.


METHODS
In 208 patients, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was performed before and after NAC. Imaging was correlated with pathology. Differences <20 mm in tumor extent were considered to accurately indicate disease extent. Multivariate analysis with cross-validation was performed to analyze features affecting the potential of MRI to correctly indicate BCS (ie, residual tumor size <30 mm on pathology).


RESULTS
The accuracy of MRI to detect residual disease was 76% (158/208). The positive and negative predictive value of MRI were 90% (130/144) and 44% (28/64), respectively. In 35 patients (17%), MRI underestimated the tumor size by >20 mm and in 27 patients (13%) this would have lead to incorrect indication of BCS. The features most predictive of indicating feasibility of BCS in tumors <30 mm on preoperative MRI were the largest diameter at the baseline MRI, the reduction in diameter and the tumor subtype based on hormone-, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-status (area under the curve: 0.78).


CONCLUSIONS
Optimal selection of patients for BCS after NAC based on MRI should take into account (1) the tumor size at baseline (2) the reduction in tumor size, and (3) the subtype based on hormone-, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-status.
Department of Surgical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Marieke E
ME
Straver
Claudette E
CE
Loo
Emiel J T
EJ
Rutgers
Hester S A
HS
Oldenburg
Jelle
J
Wesseling
Marie-Jeanne T F D
MJ
Vrancken Peeters
Kenneth G A
KG
Gilhuijs
D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003287:Contrast Media; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008408:Mastectomy; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000175:diagnosis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D003287:Contrast Media; D066246:ErbB Receptors