The KaiA protein of the cyanobacterial circadian oscillator is modulated by a redox-active cofactor.
The circadian rhythms exhibited in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus are generated by an oscillator comprised of the proteins KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC. An external signal that commonly affects the circadian clock is light. Previously, we reported that the bacteriophytochrome-like protein CikA passes environmental signals to the oscillator by directly binding a quinone and using cellular redox state as a measure of light in this photosynthetic organism. Here, we report that KaiA also binds the quinone analog 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB), and the oxidized form of DBMIB, but not its reduced form, decreases the stability of KaiA in vivo, causes multimerization in vitro, and blocks KaiA stimulation of KaiC phosphorylation, which is central to circadian oscillation. Our data suggest that KaiA directly senses environmental signals as changes in redox state and modulates the circadian clock.
Department of Biology, The Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Thammajun L
TL
Wood
Jennifer
J
Bridwell-Rabb
Yong-Ick
YI
Kim
Tiyu
T
Gao
Yong-Gang
YG
Chang
Andy
A
LiWang
David P
DP
Barondeau
Susan S
SS
Golden
D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D056925:Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003991:Dibromothymoquinone / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D055550:Protein Stability; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D046940:Synechococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D056925:Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C114269:KaiA protein, cyanobacteria; C114271:KaiC protein, cyanobacteria; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003991:Dibromothymoquinone; D011494:Protein Kinases; C411989:CikA protein, bacteria