Nonmedical use of opioid analgesics among Ontario students.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the prevalence and the demographic predictors of nonmedical use of opioid analgesics in the Canadian adolescent population.


METHODS
Data are based on self-reports derived from the 2007 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey, which is an anonymous, in-school, cross-sectional survey.


METHODS
Schools in Ontario.


METHODS
A total of 2914 students in grades 7 to 12.


METHODS
Demographic predictors of nonmedical use of opioid analgesics during the past year and the sources of opioid analgesics.


RESULTS
Students ranged in age from 12 to 19 years (mean 15.0, SD 1.9) and 52% were male. Of the students surveyed, 20.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18.9% to 22.3%) reported using opioid analgesics at least once nonmedically during the past year, with 6.2% using exclusively nonmedically and 14.4% using nonmedically and medically. Female students (16.6%, CI 14.1% to 19.6%) were more likely than male students (12.0%, CI 10.0% to 14.2%) to have used opioid analgesics both nonmedically and medically in the past year, although exclusive nonmedical use was similar between female (6.7%, CI 5.3% to 8.5%) and male (5.8%, CI 4.5% to 7.3%) students. Among students who reported using opioid analgesics nonmedically, 72% reported obtaining them from home and only 6% reported obtaining them from friends. Nonmedical opioid analgesic users had higher past-year prevalences for alcohol use, daily smoking, and other illicit drug use compared with nonusers.


CONCLUSIONS
Nonmedical use of opioids is common among Ontario students. The motivation for using these medications without prescriptions or without medical supervision is not known. Students might have used these medications recreationally or for pain relief. Regardless of motivation, these medications are being used without medical supervision. It is important to note that the home is the main source for opioid analgesics in the absence of a prescription. Parents should be vigilant and educate themselves and their children about these medications, ensuring that prescription opioids are stored properly and avoiding casual sharing of these medications among family members.
Office of Drugs and Alcohol Research and Surveillance, Health Canada, 123 Slater Street, Ottawa, Ontario. bruna.brands@hc-sc.gc.ca
Bruna
B
Brands
Angela
A
Paglia-Boak
Beth A
BA
Sproule
Karen
K
Leslie
Edward M
EM
Adlaf
D000293:Adolescent; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid