Sleep apnea is a novel risk predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and death in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis.
Sleep apnea syndrome is increasingly recognized in peritoneal dialysis patients; however, its prognostic implication in this population is unknown. To study this, we prospectively followed the clinical outcome of 93 peritoneal dialysis patients with baseline polysomnography. Of these, 51 were diagnosed with the syndrome defined by an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of at least 15 per hour. During a median follow-up of 41 months, there were 30 deaths, of which 17 were due to cardiovascular causes. Kaplan-Meier analysis for the entire follow-up period indicated that patients with sleep apnea at baseline had significantly higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality during follow-up than those without. Minimal nocturnal saturation and desaturation indices were predictors of mortality and cardiovascular events at univariate analysis. Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified significant sleep apnea syndrome at baseline as an independent predictor of increased all-cause mortality independent of age, male gender, and diabetic status. Further, an absolute increase in the AHI was associated with an incremental risk of cardiovascular events. Thus, sleep apnea syndrome, detected at the start of peritoneal dialysis, is a novel risk predictor for subsequent mortality and cardiovascular events.
Tang
Sydney C W
SC
Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
Lam
Bing
B
Yao
Tzy Jyun
TJ
Leung
Wah Shing
WS
Chu
Chung Ming
CM
Ho
Yiu Wing
YW
Ip
Mary S M
MS
Lai
Kar Neng
KN
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality*; D017286:Polysomnography; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D013997:Time Factors