Tumor immunogenicity and responsiveness to cancer vaccine therapy: the state of the art.
Despite enormous effort, promising pre-clinical data in animal studies and over 900 clinical trials in the United States, no cancer vaccine has ever been approved for clinical use. Over the past decade a great deal of progress has been in both laboratory and clinical studies defining the interactions between developing tumors and the immune system. The results of these studies provide a rationale that may help explain the failure of recent therapeutic cancer vaccines in terms of vaccine principles, in selecting which tumors are the most appropriate to target and instruct the design and implementation of state-of-the-art cancer vaccines.
Departmentof Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, United States.
Taylor H
TH
Schreiber
Luis
L
Raez
Joseph D
JD
Rosenblatt
Eckhard R
ER
Podack
D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D019496:Cancer Vaccines