Bone complications of androgen deprivation therapy: screening, prevention, and treatment.
OBJECTIVE
Contemporary treatments for prostate cancer have probably contributed to prolonged survival in a significant number of patients. Those under androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) face, however, the danger of increased bone complications that may arise due to compromised bone integrity. Such complications include fractures due to accelerated bone resorption and pathologic fractures due to the metastases that often occur with cancer progression. We herein discuss available strategies to avoid bone loss in this patient population.


RESULTS
Present recommendations to counter the effects of ADT on bone integrity include calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Bisphosphonates are helpful in reducing bone resorption and improving bone mineral density. New agents such as denosumab (a monoclonal antibody against RANK ligand) and selective estrogen receptor modulators seem to hold promise with respect to fracture risk reduction in patients on ADT.


CONCLUSIONS
Bone health in patients suffering from prostate cancer is gaining increased attention, especially with active agents reaching maturity in randomized trials. Ultimately, bone preservation should become the concern of every physician caring for patients on ADT.
Lattouf
Jean-Baptiste
JB
Department of Surgery/Urology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montréal, Quebec, Canada. jean-baptiste.lattouf@umontreal.ca
Saad
Fred
F
D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D000069448:Denosumab; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D004164:Diphosphonates; D053245:RANK Ligand; D000069448:Denosumab