T-cell based immunotherapy in experimental autoimmune  encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis.
One of the reasons multiple sclerosis (MS) has been considered a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease is that a similar experimental disease can be induced in certain rodents and primates by immunization with myelin antigens, leading to T-cell-mediated inflammatory demyelination in the CNS. In addition, most if not all pharmacological treatments available for MS are biologically active on T cells. In this article we review the principles of T-cell-based immunotherapies and the specific actions of current and novel treatments on T-cell functions, when these are known. For both licensed and innovative agents, we also discuss biological actions on other immune cell types. Finally, we offer a brief perspective on expected changes in the use of MS immunotherapies in the near future.
Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, UK.
Kate
K
O'Brien
Bruno
B
Gran
Abdolmohamad
A
Rostami
D000818:Animals; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology
T cell; disease-modifying treatment; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; immune system; immunotherapy; multiple sclerosis