Dentistry's wonder drugs: local anesthetics and vasoconstrictors.
This article reviews recent developments concerning local anesthetics, including the amount of pain resulting from injection, which drugs achieve anesthesia most effectively, proper dosing for anesthetizing children and adults, the maximum recommended doses of lidocaine 2% with epinephrine for cardiac patients, and which drugs can be used for patients taking monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, or nonselective beta blockers. Dentists should be familiar with all aspects of local anesthetics, especially anesthetic toxicity and maximum recommended doses.
Wahl
Michael J
MJ
Department of Oral Diagnosis Services, Howard University, College of Dentistry, Washington DC, USA.
Brown
Ronald S
RS
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects; D008305:Malignant Hyperthermia / Q000209:etiology; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D004837:Epinephrine