Automated identification of diabetes type-2 subjects with and without neuropathy using eigenvalues.
Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism and has been a leading healthcare burden throughout the world. The most typical form of diabetes is type-2 diabetes. It is commonly developed in adults of age 40 and older. The purpose of this study is to identify the plantar pressure distribution in normal subjects, diabetic type-2 subjects with neuropathy, and diabetic type-2 subjects without neuropathy. Foot scan images were obtained using the F-Scan (Tekscan USA) in-shoe measurement system. The eigenvalues were evaluated from principal-component analysis after performing continuous wavelets transformation (CWT). The eigenvalues of CWT in regions 5 and 7 had shown excellent p values of more than 95 per cent confidence level when subjected to an analysis-of-variance test. These parameters were then presented to an artificial neural network (ANN) and a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) for automatic classification. The results show that the ANN classifier performs better than the GMM and is able to identify the unknown class with a sensitivity of 100 per cent and a specificity of 72 per cent.
See
C K
CK
School of Science & Technology, SIM University, Singapore.
Acharya
U R
UR
Zhu
K
K
Lim
T-C
TC
Yu
W-W
WW
Subramaniam
T
T
Law
C
C
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D011187:Posture; D011312:Pressure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult