Effect of light emitting diodes in the photodynamic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis.
BACKGROUND
Complex and painful surgical removal of synovium was replaced by arthroscopic synovectomy as an early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which being limited to bigger joints, was replaced by laser synovectomy. Having been more time consuming, laser photodynamic therapy (PDT) replaced this method. Due to thermal side effects of laser PDT, an alternative source of light has been sought. Therefore, to make RA treatment cheaper, less hazardous and suitable according to anatomical geometry, light emitting diodes (LEDs) were used in this study as a potential source of light.


METHODS
Red, white, yellow and infra-red (IR) LEDs were tested to measure the optical penetration for soft tissue and their scattering. In vitro study of the cellular response of normal and inflamed lymphocytes from healthy and RA patients was conducted respectively. Methotrexate was injected as photosensitizer to achieve cell-specific precision.


RESULTS
IR LEDs showed the maximum penetration and least scattering of all LEDs used. Specimen with drug administration and with subsequent exposure to IR LEDs exhibited massive suppression of inflamed activated lymphocytes in comparison to other controls.


CONCLUSIONS
The properly selected wavelength and intensity of light beam were incident with great precision so that they would not affect unwanted cells, but inflamed activated cells were suppressed due to intense light energy following Methotrexate injection. Without invasion, IR LED PDT showed an effective and cheaper treatment solution for RA.
Neupane
Jitesh
J
College of Biomedical Engineering and Applied Sciences, Dhana Ganesh, Handigaun Marg, Kathmandu, Nepal. jiteshneupane@gmail.com
Ghimire
Sabitri
S
Shakya
Sajina
S
Chaudhary
Lilamber
L
Shrivastava
Vishwa P
VP
D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012666:Semiconductors
D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D008727:Methotrexate