Non-cigarette tobacco use among women and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Although cigarette smoking remains the most prevalent form of tobacco use in girls and in women of reproductive age globally, use of non-cigarette forms of tobacco is prevalent or gaining in popularity in many parts of the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Sparse but growing evidence suggests that the use of some non-cigarette tobacco products during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this paper we review the literature on the prevalence of non-cigarette tobacco product use in pregnant women and in women of reproductive age in high-, middle-, and low-income countries and the evidence that maternal use of these products during pregnancy has adverse health effects. In addition, we communicate findings from an international group of perinatal and tobacco experts that was convened to establish research priorities concerning the use of non-cigarette tobacco products during pregnancy. The working group concluded that attempts to develop a public health response to non-cigarette tobacco use in women are hindered by a lack of data on the epidemiology of use in many parts of the world and by our limited understanding of the type and magnitude of the health effects of these products. We highlight research gaps and provide recommendations for a global research agenda.
Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Lucinda J
LJ
England
Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Shin Y
SY
Kim
Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Scott L
SL
Tomar
Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India.
Cecily S
CS
Ray
Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India.
Prakash C
PC
Gupta
Department of Psychology and Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
Thomas
T
Eissenberg
Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sven
S
Cnattingius
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
John T
JT
Bernert
Center for Women's Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Alan Thevenet N
ATN
Tita
Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Deborah M
DM
Winn
Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Mirjana V
MV
Djordjevic
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Mats
M
Lambe
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
David
D
Stamilio
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe.|Global Network for Perinatal and Reproductive Health, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Tsungai
T
Chipato
Global Network for Perinatal and Reproductive Health, Portland, Oregon, USA.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Jorge E
JE
Tolosa
D000293:Adolescent; D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D001724:Birth Weight; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D010920:Placenta / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects*