Ginsenoside Re enhances survival of human CD4+ T cells through regulation of autophagy.
In the present study, we examined the effects of ginsenoside Re (Re) on cytokine expression, cytokine-dependent autophagy and cell survival in human CD4(+) T cells. When CD4(+) T cells isolated from human peripheral blood were treated with Re, LC3 and monodansylcadaverine (MDC), representative markers of autophagy, were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, Re suppressed the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and immunity-related GTPase family M (IRGM) in CD4(+) T cells whereas no changes in other autophagy-related signaling molecules (ERK, p38 and AKT-mTOR-p70S6k) were found. Concomitantly, we observed that Re increased the proliferation of CD4(+) T cells with decreased cell death. Our results demonstrate that ginsenoside Re enhanced viability of CD4(+) T cells through the regulation of IFN-gamma-dependent autophagy activity.
Son
Young Min
YM
Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Comparative Immunology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
Kwak
Chae Won
CW
Lee
Yeo Jin
YJ
Yang
Deok-Chun
DC
Park
Byung-Chul
BC
Lee
Woon Kyu
WK
Han
Seung Hyun
SH
Yun
Cheol-Heui
CH
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002103:Cadaverine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015415:Biomarkers; D036145:Ginsenosides; C477012:MAP1LC3A protein, human; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C049864:ginsenoside Re; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; C513539:IRGM protein, human; C008542:monodansylcadaverine; D002103:Cadaverine