Binding of the ClpA unfoldase opens the axial gate of ClpP peptidase.
ClpP is a serine protease whose active sites are sequestered in a cavity enclosed between two heptameric rings of subunits. The ability of ClpP to process folded protein substrates depends on its being partnered by an AAA+ ATPase/unfoldase, ClpA or ClpX. In active complexes, substrates are unfolded and fed along an axial channel to the degradation chamber inside ClpP. We have used cryoelectron microscopy at approximately 11-A resolution to investigate the three-dimensional structure of ClpP complexed with either one or two end-mounted ClpA hexamers. In the absence of ClpA, the apical region of ClpP is sealed; however, it opens on ClpA binding, creating an access channel. This region is occupied by the N-terminal loops (residues 1-17) of ClpP, which tend to be poorly visible in crystal structures, indicative of conformational variability. Nevertheless, we were able to model the closed-to-open transition that accompanies ClpA binding in terms of movements of these loops; in particular, "up" conformations of the loops correlate with the open state. The main part of ClpP, the barrel formed by 14 copies of residues 18-193, is essentially unchanged by the interaction with ClpA. Using difference mapping, we localized the binding site for ClpA to a peripheral pocket between adjacent ClpP subunits. Based on these observations, we propose that access to the ClpP degradation chamber is controlled allosterically by hinged movements of its N-terminal loops, which the symmetry-mismatched binding of ClpA suffices to induce.
Laboratory of Structural Biology Research, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Grégory
G
Effantin
Michael R
MR
Maurizi
Alasdair C
AC
Steven
D001665:Binding Sites; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D049071:Endopeptidase Clp / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation
D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C483568:ClpA protease, E coli; C483572:ClpP protease, E coli; D049071:Endopeptidase Clp