Diversity and properties of connexin gap junction channels.
Gap junction channels are composed of two apposing hemichannels (connexons) in the contiguous cells and provide a direct pathway for electrical and metabolic signaling between adjacent cells. The family of connexin genes comprises 20 members in the mouse and 21 genes in the human genome. Connexins are expressed in all tissues except differentiated skeletal muscle, erythrocytes, and mature sperm cells. Various tissues express more than one type of connexins; therefore, homotypic, heterotypic, and heteromeric gap junction channels may form between cells. In this article, we briefly review basic gating and permeability properties of homotypic and heterotypic gap junction channels as well as recent achievements in the research of their regulation by transjunctional voltage, intracellular calcium, pH, and phosphorylation.
Rackauskas
Mindaugas
M
Institute of Cardiology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuania. arske@med.kmu.lt
Neverauskas
Vaidas
V
Skeberdis
Vytenis Arvydas
VA
D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D017630:Connexins / Q000502:physiology; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005110:Extracellular Space; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007365:Intercellular Junctions; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008870:Microtubules; D008954:Models, Biological; D009836:Oligodendroglia; D010539:Permeability; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology
D017630:Connexins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007473:Ion Channels