Molecular targets of [6]-gingerol: Its potential roles in cancer chemoprevention.
A wide variety of phenolic compounds derived from spices possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic activities. [6]-gingerol (1-[4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3-decanone) is the major pungent principle of ginger, with numerous pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and antitumor promoting properties. It could decrease inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) expression through suppression of I-kappaB alpha (IkappaBalpha) phosphorylation, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) nuclear translocation. Other antiproliferative mechanisms of [6]-gingerol include the release of Cytochrome c, Caspases activation, and increase in apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) as mechanism of apoptosis induction. Taken together, the chemopreventive potentials of [6]-gingerol present a promising future alternative to therapeutic agents that are expensive, toxic, and might even be carcinogenic.
Oyagbemi
Ademola A
AA
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. ademolaoyagbemi@yahoo.com
Saba
Adebowale B
AB
Azeez
Odunayo I
OI
D000818:Animals; D002396:Catechols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018890:Chemoprevention / Q000379:methods*; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*
D002396:Catechols; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D016328:NF-kappa B; C007845:gingerol