Suffering and hope, the lived experiences of Thai HIV positive pregnant women: a phenomenological approach.
OBJECTIVE
To understand the meaning and interpret descriptions about the lived experiences of Thai pregnant women with HIV positive and to discover essential themes in the context of Thai socio-economic and health care service system.


METHODS
A phenomenological approach was used. Sixteen HIV positive pregnant women volunteered to participate from June 2005 to June 2006. Data were collected through unstructured multiple in-depth individual interviews, observation, field-note, tape recorded and transcribed, and analyzed thematically.


RESULTS
Two patterns emerged: first was a pattern of suffering, secondly, was a pattern of hope. Suffering was caused by fear of condemnation from their spouses, and by fear of disappointing their larger families. Moreover; the suffering was exacerbated by feelings of uncertainty for the sickness in the future, worry about the discrimination and stigmatization of their children, self-blaming and a feeling desperation. Within the pattern of hope, these women hoped for their unborn babies to be healthy and free from HIV infection. Furthermore, they hoped to live as long as possible in order to care for their children, and they hoped that someday they would be accepted by the community and be able to live in harmony.


CONCLUSIONS
This study formed 2 patterns of the lived experiences among Thai HIV positive pregnant women. Interventions through health promotion programs to encourage the development of skills for positive coping and therapeutic self-care to help them endure suffering and support women's hopes to live longer for their children by changing to healthy patterns of behavior.
Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Weena
W
Thiangtham
Trude
T
Bennett
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003219:Confidentiality / Q000523:psychology; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006167:Guilt; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011287:Prejudice; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health; D055815:Young Adult