A retrospective study of heterogeneity in neurocognitive profiles associated with traumatic brain injury.
OBJECTIVE
To establish empirical sub-types, based upon cognitive test results of individuals who had sustained traumatic brain injury.


METHODS
The study was retrospective, applying cluster analyses and associated statistical tests to an established database.


METHODS
Neuropsychological data from veterans with brain trauma were cluster analysed using the WAIS-R and Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB). External validity of the cluster solutions was evaluated.


METHODS
The study was based upon use of an established database that contained cognitive test data and information regarding diagnosis and clinical history.


RESULTS
The WAIS-R clusters described sub-groups with near normal function, preserved verbal but impaired problem-solving abilities or global impairment. The HRB clusters differed in level of performance with Near Normal, Moderately Impaired and Globally Impaired clusters. Cluster membership was associated with age and employment status, but not with neurological findings.


CONCLUSIONS
The outcome of traumatic brain injury is heterogeneous and mainly associated with demographic considerations.
Goldstein
Gerald
G
Mental Illness Research, Educational, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, PA 15206, USA. ggold@nb.net
Allen
Daniel N
DN
Caponigro
Janelle M
JM
D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult