Effect of genetic counseling and testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in African American women: a randomized trial.
BACKGROUND
Limited empirical data are available on the effects of genetic counseling and testing among African American women.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of genetic counseling and testing in African American women based on different levels of exposure: (a) women who were randomized to culturally tailored (CTGC) and standard genetic counseling (SGC) to women who declined randomization (non-randomized group), (b) participants and non-participants in genetic counseling, and (c) BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) test result acceptors and decliners.


METHODS
Randomized trial of genetic counseling conducted from February 2003 to November 2006.


METHODS
We evaluated changes in perceived risk of developing breast cancer and cancer worry.


RESULTS
Women randomized to CTGC and SGC did not differ in terms of changes in risk perception and cancer worry compared to decliners. However, counseling participants had a significantly greater likelihood of reporting reductions in perceived risk compared to non-participants (p = 0.03). Test result acceptors also had a significantly greater likelihood of reporting decreases in cancer worry (p = 0.03). However, having a cancer history (p = 0.03) and a BRCA1/2 prior probability (p = 0.04) were associated with increases in cancer worry.


CONCLUSIONS
Although CTGC did not lead to significant improvements in perceived risk or psychological functioning, African American women may benefit from genetic counseling and testing. Continued efforts should be made to increase access to genetic counseling and testing among African American women at increased risk for hereditary disease. But, follow-up support may be needed for women who have a personal history of cancer and those with a greater prior probability of having a BRCA1/2 mutation.
Center for Community-Based Research and Health Disparities, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. chanita@mail.med.upenn.edu
C H
CH
Halbert
L
L
Kessler
A B
AB
Troxel
J E
JE
Stopfer
S
S
Domchek
D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D024682:BRCA2 Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D005820:Genetic Testing; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
D019313:BRCA1 Protein; C492913:BRCA1 protein, human; D024682:BRCA2 Protein; C551750:BRCA2 protein, human