Extended instrumental variables estimation for overall effects.
We consider a method for extending instrumental variables methods in order to estimate the overall effect of a treatment or exposure. The approach is designed for settings in which the instrument influences both the treatment of interest and a secondary treatment also influenced by the primary treatment. We demonstrate that, while instrumental variables methods may be used to estimate the joint effects of the primary and secondary treatments, they cannot by themselves be used to estimate the overall effect of the primary treatment. However, instrumental variables methods may be used in conjunction with approaches for estimating the effect of the primary on the secondary treatment to estimate the overall effect of the primary treatment. We consider extending the proposed methods to deal with confounding of the effect of the instrument, mediation of the effect of the instrument by other variables, failure-time outcomes, and time-varying secondary treatments. We motivate our discussion by considering estimation of the overall effect of the type of vascular access among hemodialysis patients.
Joffe
Marshall M
MM
University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA. mjoffe@mail.med.upenn.edu
Small
Dylan
D
Ten Have
Thomas
T
Brunelli
Steve
S
Feldman
Harold I
HI
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D056808:Biostatistics / Q000379:methods*; D015984:Causality; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D015233:Models, Statistical; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D062666:Vascular Access Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data