[Forensic medicine identification of manual strangulation: an analysis of 21 cases].
OBJECTIVE
To analyze and summarize the rule of manual strangulation, as well as to look for the key points of injury identification, in order to provide information for formulating and revising the identification regulations.


METHODS
Twenty-one cases of manual strangulation from 1963 to 2004 in Xiangfan were reviewed and analyzed according to the characters, symptoms and appraisements.


RESULTS
The majority of assaulters in manual strangulation was young adult male and often could find the counteracted wounds on them. The throttling mark reaction usually could be found in victims and the cardinal symptoms were contusion in throat and asphyxiation in ocular region.


CONCLUSIONS
The degree of injuries is mainly moderate and slight. There is some inadaptability in the current regulations.
Wu
Lin-chang
LC
Xiangfan Railway Public Security Bureau, Xiangfan 441003, China. wulinchang369@163.com
Zhou
Wen-yong
WY
Yuan
Yong-sheng
YS
Zhang
Feng
F
Zhu
Bo
B
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005104:Expert Testimony / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000473:pathology; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D055815:Young Adult