Safer self-injury or assisted self-harm?
Psychiatric patients may try (or express a desire) to injure themselves in hospital in order to cope with overwhelming emotional pain. Some health care practitioners and patients propose allowing a controlled amount of self-injury to occur in inpatient facilities, so as to prevent escalation of distress. Is this approach an example of professional assistance with harm? Or, is the approach more likely to minimise harm, by ensuring safer self-injury? In this article, I argue that health care practitioners who use harm-minimisation can be considered to be helping physical injury to occur, although they do not encourage the act. I consider why there are compelling reasons to believe that a patient who self-injures is not maximally autonomous in relation to that choice. However, I then move onto argue that allowing a degree of self-injury may enable engagement with psychotherapy (enhancing autonomy) and behavioural change. In these circumstances, allowing injury (with precautions) may not be harm, all things considered.
Gutridge
Kerry
K
Centre for Ethics in Medicine, University of Bristol, 3rd Floor Hampton House, Cotham Hill, Bristol, BS6 6AU, UK. Kerry.gutridge@bristol.ac.uk
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002755:Choice Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D028681:Moral Obligations; D009042:Motivation; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000941:ethics; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000941:ethics; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing / Q000941:ethics*; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012449:Safety; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D014836:Volition