Postprandial lipid and apolipoprotein responses following three consecutive meals associate with liver fat content in type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
OBJECTIVE
Liver fat is associated with dyslipidemia following a fat load. Previous studies demonstrated that alimentary fat is temporarily retained within enterocytes and mobilized by subsequently ingested nutrients. As this potentially contributes to cumulative postprandial hyperlipidemia, we assessed postprandial lipoprotein changes and their association with liver fat following 3 consecutive meals during a 24 h period in males with type 2 diabetes, and men with the metabolic syndrome (MetS).


METHODS
Plasma lipids were measured in 14 type 2 diabetic, 14 MetS and 14 healthy age-matched males, following a standardized breakfast (t=0 h), lunch (t=4 h) and diner (t=8 h). Blood samples were collected before and at t=2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h following breakfast. Liver fat was measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.


RESULTS
Type 2 diabetic (mean age 55 (4.2) years; HbA1c 7.2 (1.1)%) and MetS men had similar BMI, waist, blood pressure and triglycerides. 24 h-AUC triglycerides, ApoB, and cholesterol-rich-remnants, but not ApoB-48, differed significantly among groups (calculated by ANOVA, all P<0.05). Liver fat was independently associated with 24 h-AUC triglycerides, ApoB and cholesterol-rich-remnants (r=0.57, P<0.001, r=0.38, P=0.017; r=0.48, P=0.002, respectively), but not with 24 h-AUC ApoB-48 (r=0.22, P=0.18).


CONCLUSIONS
In type 2 diabetes and the MetS exposure to 3 consecutive meals produced exaggerated 24 h triglyceride, ApoB and cholesterol-rich-remnant concentrations, which were closely associated with liver fat. Instead, ApoB-48 peak was delayed in type 2 diabetes, but not related to liver fat. In addition to liver fat, other mechanisms, including local intestinal processes, determine atherogenic postprandial lipoprotein changes following 3 consecutive meals during 24 h.
Tushuizen
Maarten E
ME
Department of Endocrinology/Diabetes Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Pouwels
Petra J
PJ
Bontemps
Saskia
S
Rustemeijer
Cees
C
Matikainen
Niina
N
Heine
Robert J
RJ
Taskinen
Marja-Riitta
MR
Diamant
Michaela
M
D000328:Adult; D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100 / Q000097:blood*; D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48 / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100; D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides