Acute effects of cigarette smoking on pulmonary function.
BACKGROUND
Chronic smoking related changes in pulmonary function are reflected as accelerated decrease in FEV1 although histologic changes occur in the peripheral bronchi earlier. More sensitive pulmonary function parameters might mirror those early changes and might show a dose response.


METHODS
In a randomized three-period cross-over design 57 male adult conventional cigarette (CC)-smokers (age: 45.1+/-7.1 years) smoked either CC (tar:11 mg, nicotine:0.8 mg, carbon monoxide:11 mg [Federal Trade Commission (FTC)]), or used as a potential reduced-exposure product the electrically heated smoking system (EHCSS) (tar:5 mg, nicotine:0.3 mg, carbon monoxide:0.45 mg (FTC)) or did not smoke (NS). After each 3-day exposure period, hematology and exposure parameters were determined preceding body plethysmography.


RESULTS
Cigarette smoke exposure was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in CC than in EHCSS and in NS: (carboxyhemoglobin: CC: 6.4+/-1.9%; EHCSS: 1.3+/-0.6%; NS: 0.5+/-0.3%; serum nicotine: CC: 18.9+/-7.4 ng/ml; EHCSS: 8.4+/-4.3 ng/ml; NS: 1.2+/-1.6 ng/ml). Significantly lower in CC than in EHCSS and NS were specific airway conductance (0.22+/-0.09; 0.25+/-0.12; 0.25+/-0.1 1/cmH(2)O x s; CC vs EHCSS: p<0.05; CC vs NS: p<0.01), forced expiratory flow 25% (7.6+/-1.7; 7.8+/-1.7; 7.9+/-1.7 L/s; CC vs EHCSS or NS: p<0.01). Thoracic gas volume (5.1+/-1; 5+/-1.1; 5+/-1.1L/min) changed insignificantly.


CONCLUSIONS
The data indicate acute and reversible effects of cigarette smoke exposures and no-smoking on mid to small size pulmonary airways in a dose dependent manner.
Altria Client Services, Research Development & Engineering, Richmond, VA 23234, USA. sbu135@live.com
M
M
Unverdorben
A
A
Mostert
S
S
Munjal
A
A
van der Bijl
L
L
Potgieter
C
C
Venter
Q
Q
Liang
B
B
Meyer
H-J
HJ
Roethig
D000328:Adult; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004560:Electricity; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000097:blood; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010993:Plethysmography, Whole Body; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D013147:Spirometry; D013638:Tars / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D019460:Tobacco Industry
D013638:Tars; C024746:tobacco tar; D009538:Nicotine; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin; D003367:Cotinine