Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in periodontal healing.
Endocannabinoids including anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are important lipid mediators for immunosuppressive effects and for appropriate homeostasis via their G-protein-coupled cannabinoid (CB) receptors in mammalian organs and tissues, and may be involved in wound healing in some organs. The physiological roles of endocannabinoids in periodontal healing remain unknown. We observed upregulation of the expression of CB1/CB2 receptors localized on fibroblasts and macrophage-like cells in granulation tissue during wound healing in a wound-healing model in rats, as well as an increase in AEA levels in gingival crevicular fluid after periodontal surgery in human patients with periodontitis. In-vitro, the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) by AEA was significantly attenuated by AM251 and AM630, which are selective antagonists of CB1 and CB2, respectively. CP55940 (CB1/CB2 agonist) induced phosphorylation of the extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), and Akt in HGFs. Wound closure by CP55940 in an in-vitro scratch assay was significantly suppressed by inhibitors of MAP kinase kinase (MEK), p38MAPK, and phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K). These findings suggest that endocannabinoid system may have an important role in periodontal healing.
Kozono
Sayaka
S
Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
Matsuyama
Takashi
T
Biwasa
Kamal Krishna
KK
Kawahara
Ko-ichi
K
Nakajima
Yumiko
Y
Yoshimoto
Takehiko
T
Yonamine
Yutaka
Y
Kadomatsu
Hideshi
H
Tancharoen
Salunya
S
Hashiguchi
Teruto
T
Noguchi
Kazuyuki
K
Maruyama
Ikuro
I
D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D005989:Glycerides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010519:Periodontium / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005989:Glycerides; D007211:Indoles; D010880:Piperidines; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; C103505:AM 251; C094503:glyceryl 2-arachidonate; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C094023:iodopravadoline; C078814:anandamide