Efficacy and safety of capecitabine in combination with docetaxel and mitomycin C in patients with pre-treated pancreatic, gallbladder, and bile duct carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
Preclinical data indicate the improvement of the antitumor activity of capecitabine by mitomycin C and docetaxel through upregulation of thymidine phosphorylase activity. Therefore, we have established a combination regimen of these drugs (DocMitoCape), which demonstrated preliminary activity especially in bile duct and pancreatic carcinoma.


METHODS
Here we report the safety and efficacy of the DocMitoCape regimen in pre-treated patients with gallbladder, bile duct, or pancreatic carcinoma. Treatment consisted of capecitabine (2,000 mg/m(2) days 1-14) in combination with docetaxel (40 mg/m(2) day 1) and mitomycin C (4 mg/m(2) day 1). Cycles were repeated on day 22. Toxicity was graded according to NCI-CTC criteria, and the antitumor activity was assessed by RECIST criteria.


RESULTS
Twenty-eight pre-treated patients with a median age of 59 suffering from pancreatic, gallbladder, intra- (IHCCC) or extrahepatic (EHCCC) bile duct carcinoma were included. Eleven patients had received ≥2 lines of prior chemotherapy. A total of 183 and a median of six cycles were administered (range 1-21). The mean dose intensity was as follows (cycles 1-2/3-4; %): capecitabine 97/92, docetaxel 100/100, mitomycin C 99/100. Main adverse events grades 2/3/4 were (n): leukocytopenia 3/2/2, anemia 13/4/0, thrombocytopenia 3/1/0, nausea/vomiting 2/1/0, diarrhea 5/1/0, hand-foot-skin reaction 7/0/0. Six patients achieved partial and seven patients minor remissions, while six patients had stable disease adding to a tumor control rate of 68%. Median progression-free and overall survival was 4.5 (range 1.0-44.9) and 6.8 months (range 1.5-44.9), respectively, calculated from the start of treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
In all, the DocMitoCape regimen exhibited a favorable safety profile and a high rate of tumor stabilizations in patients with pre-treated gallbladder, bile duct and pancreatic carcinoma. It might be considered after failure of standard regimens in these types of cancer.
Kruth
Jens
J
III Medizinische Klinik, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany. jens.kruth@umm.de
Nissen
Johanna
J
Ernst
Thomas
T
Kripp
Melanie
M
Lukan
Nadine
N
Merx
Kirsten
K
Hofmann
Wolf-Karsten
WK
Hochhaus
Andreas
A
Hofheinz
Ralf-Dieter
RD
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000069287:Capecitabine; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D043823:Taxoids; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000077143:Docetaxel; D016685:Mitomycin; D000069287:Capecitabine; D005472:Fluorouracil