Effects of adding butorphanol to a balanced anaesthesia protocol during arthroscopic surgery in horses.
Three groups of horses scheduled for arthroscopic surgery were premedicated with 0.025 mg/kg acepromazine, 88 microg/kg romifidine and 25 mg/kg guaifenesin, and anaesthesia was induced with 2.2 mg/kg ketamine. In group 1 (14 horses), anaesthesia was maintained by halothane vaporised in oxygen, with supplementary doses of 20 microg/kg romifidine and 0.5 mg/kg ketamine every 20 minutes. The 17 horses in group 2 were maintained as for group 1; however, an additional dose of 0.05 mg/kg butorphanol was administered before the first incision. The 14 horses in group 3 were maintained as for group 2, except that the dose of romifidine was halved to 10 microg/kg. The mean (sd) dose of vaporised halothane (6.5 [1.1], 4.8 [1.3] and 4.8 [1.3] microl/kg/minute, for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively), vaporiser dial setting (2.3 [0.2],1.6 [0.4] and 1.3 [0.1] per cent) and dose of dobutamine administered to correct episodes of hypotension (0.16 [0.08], 0.07 [0.09] and 0.0 [0.0] microg/kg/minute) were all significantly lower in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1. Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1 (71 [3], 74 [5] and 80 [5] mmHg, for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively).
Clinique Equine de Livet, Cour Samson, 14140 Saint Michel de Livet, France.
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D000075:Acepromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006140:Guaifenesin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006221:Halothane / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007093:Imidazoles; D009294:Narcotics; D006140:Guaifenesin; D000075:Acepromazine; D007649:Ketamine; C076257:romifidine; D002077:Butorphanol; D006221:Halothane