MDC1: The art of keeping things in focus.
The chromatin structure is important for recognition and repair of DNA damage. Many DNA damage response proteins accumulate in large chromatin domains flanking sites of DNA double-strand breaks. The assembly of these structures-usually termed DNA damage foci-is primarily regulated by MDC1, a large nuclear mediator/adaptor protein that is composed of several distinct structural and functional domains. Here, we are summarizing the latest discoveries about the mechanisms by which MDC1 mediates DNA damage foci formation, and we are reviewing the considerable efforts taken to understand the functional implication of these structures.
Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
Stephanie
S
Jungmichel
Manuel
M
Stucki
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008938:Mitosis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; C468783:H2AX protein, human; C413163:MDC1 protein, human; C508937:MDC1 protein, mouse; C475961:gamma-H2AX protein, mouse