Adverse effects of biologics used for treating IBD.
In the last decade, biologic agents, in particular anti-TNF agents such as infliximab, adalimumab, and certolizumab have substantially extended the therapeutic armamentarium of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Additional approaches include biologicals, such as natalizumab, that block leucocyte adhesion; those that target cytokines, such as interleukin-12/23 antibodies; or those that inhibit T-cell signaling, such as interleukin-6 receptor antibodies. However, these drugs have a number of contraindications and side effects, especially when used in combination with classical immunosuppressive agents or corticosteroids. Areas of concern include opportunistic infections, malignancies, and miscellaneous complications such as injection/infusion reactions and autoimmunity and contraindications, such as heart failure and acute infectious diseases. In this review, the indications of biologicals in IBD treatment are briefly reported, and the potential disadvantages of a more active therapeutic approach in IBD are discussed. We have learned in the last decade that anti-TNF-alpha therapy is an effective and relatively safe treatment option for selected patients that changes the natural course of severe IBD. However, despite these changed therapeutic paradigms and goals in IBD, clinicians should be aware that the powerful immunosuppressive capacity of biologicals necessitates a rigorous long-term safety follow-up.
Stallmach
Andreas
A
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine II, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740 Jena, Germany. andreas.stallmach@med.uni-jena.de
Hagel
Stefan
S
Bruns
Tony
T
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents