Cytometry in cell necrobiology revisited. Recent advances and new vistas.
Over a decade has passed since publication of the last review on "Cytometry in cell necrobiology." During these years we have witnessed many substantial developments in the field of cell necrobiology such as remarkable advancements in cytometric technologies and improvements in analytical biochemistry. The latest innovative platforms such as laser scanning cytometry, multispectral imaging cytometry, spectroscopic cytometry, and microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip solutions rapidly emerge as highly advantageous tools in cell necrobiology studies. Furthermore, we have recently gained substantial knowledge on alternative cell demise modes such as caspase-independent apoptosis-like programmed cell death (PCD), autophagy, necrosis-like PCD, or mitotic catastrophe, all with profound connotations to pathogenesis and treatment. Although detection of classical, caspase-dependent apoptosis is still the major ground for the advancement of cytometric techniques, there is an increasing demand for novel analytical tools to rapidly quantify noncanonical modes of cell death. This review highlights the key developments warranting a renaissance and evolution of cytometric techniques in the field of cell necrobiology.
Wlodkowic
Donald
D
The Bioelectronics Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. d.wlodkowic@elec.gla.ac.uk
Skommer
Joanna
J
Darzynkiewicz
Zbigniew
Z
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003584:Cytological Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019044:Image Cytometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
D015415:Biomarkers; D006657:Histones; D020169:Caspases