title: Laparoscopic surgery in a rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rat is increasingly being used in laparoscopic research. Laparoscopic microsurgical training is critical in order to develop new surgical indications in pediatric patients. This report evaluates laparoscopic splenectomy and nephrectomy in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Wistar rat (weight between 250 and 400 g) was placed in the supine position. Inhaled 3% halothane anesthesia was administered. A Veress needle is inserted in the right-upper abdomen. After establishing a pneumoperitoneum of 3-4 mm Hg, a 2- or 5-mm trocar was placed, according to the procedure. A 2-mm 0-degree endoscope was used. Two additional 2- or 5-mm trocars were then placed. Laparoscopic splenectomy involved two-handed dissection, intracorporeal ligation, and the division of gastrosplenic attachments and hilar and short gastric vessels. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was done by intracorporeal ligation and division of the renal vessels and the ureter after mobilization of the kidney.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed in 8 rats; laparoscopic nephrectomy was done in 4 rats. Operative time was 25-40 minutes for splenectomy and from 30 to 65 for nephrectomy. Postoperatively, 4 rats died from hemorrhage. No wound infections occurred at the port sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic splenectomy and nephrectomy in an experimental rat model is technically feasible and may provide an excellent training model for pediatric minimally invasive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Virgen del Rocio Children's Hospital, Sevilla, Spain. israfdez@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Pineda
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Millan
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morcillo
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: De Agustin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013156:Splenectomy / Q000379:methods