title: Electric-powered indoor/outdoor wheelchairs (EPIOCs): users' views of influence on family, friends and carers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study explored the effects of electric-powered indoor/outdoor wheelchair (EPIOC) provision to users on their family and carers.
  
  
  METHODS
  EPIOC users receiving their chairs between February and November 2002 (N = 74) were invited to participate in a telephone questionnaire/interview, and 64 agreed. This study examined the responses to the question 'Has the use of your EPIOC affected your family or friends in any way?' and related comments. Interviews were analysed using a qualitative framework approach to identify emergent themes. In addition, the proportion of individuals raising issues related to each theme was determined. Participants were interviewed 10-19 (mean = 14.3) months after chair delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following themes emerged: reduced physical burden on family/friends and increased independence and freedom. However, an EPIOC does not eliminate other practical problems particularly during transportation and negotiating kerbs and slopes. Users also reported anxiety/worry in relationship to EPIOC use, e.g., weather conditions, personal safety (muggings), use of ramps and kerbs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are considerable benefits to families and carers associated with powered wheelchair use. A reduction in the physical demand for pushing and increased freedom were identified. These benefits appear to outweigh the residual practical difficulties and worries.
authors.affiliation: Stanmore Specialist Wheelchair Service, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, UK. andrew.frank1@btinternet.com
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Claudius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neophytou
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Souza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004560:Electricity; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013637:Tape Recording; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom; D014910:Wheelchairs; D055815:Young Adult