title: Characterization of colorectal tumors using narrow-band imaging magnification: combined diagnosis with both pit pattern and microvessel features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to clarify the clinical usefulness of narrow-band imaging (NBI) magnification for evaluating both pit appearances and microvessel architecture in comparison with evaluation of microvessel architecture alone in invasion depth of colorectal tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 189 colorectal lesions [37 adenomas, 73 intramucosal to scanty submucosal invasive carcinomas and 79 massive submucosal invasive (SM-m) carcinomas] were analyzed. All lesions showing irregular pit structure were observed by NBI magnifying endoscopy. Based on both pit appearance and microvessel features, lesions were classified into three grades (C1, C2, C3), as described previously. Also, lesions were classified as high or low by microvessel irregularity. Furthermore, the histopathological background and the inter- and intraobserver variability of C subtype were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SM-m rate of C1, C2 and C3 was 5.2, 60.5 and 92.7%, respectively. On the other hand, SM-m rate of lesion with mildly and highly irregular vessels was 13.3 and 55.0%, respectively. For the histopathological background, a high percentage of destruction of the glandular orifice, disappearance of the lamina muscularis mucosae and superficial exposure of desmoplastic reaction (DR) were observed in type C3. For C subtype classification of NBI magnification findings, the kappa value for interobserver variability was 0.749, and the kappa value for intraobserver variability was 0.745.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NBI magnification findings evaluated by both pit appearances and microvessel features (C subtype) showing a good kappa value in variability are more useful in invasion depth diagnosis of colorectal tumor than those evaluated by microvessel features alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oba
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanao
authors.forename: Sigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shimamoto
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chayama
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D015588:Observer Variation