title: Imaging characteristics of primary laryngeal lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The larynx is a rare site for primary NHL. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported in the literature, with the largest imaging review involving only 4 patients. We describe the findings of laryngeal lymphoma on CT, PET, and MR imaging and identify features that may distinguish laryngeal lymphoma from the far more common laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multi-institutional retrospective chart review revealed 20 patients with histopathologically proved laryngeal lymphoma. Pretreatment CT, PET, and MR images were reviewed by a head and neck radiologist, focusing on extent of tumor, cervical lymph node involvement, and enhancement patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients ranged from 30 to 90 years of age with a mean of 63 years at the time of initial diagnosis and a 2:1 female predominance. The average tumor size was 37 +/- 19 mm. In all patients, laryngeal lymphoma involved the supraglottis but also extended into the glottis (65%) and hypopharynx (60%). The subglottis was less frequently involved (35%). Laryngeal cartilage invasion and cervical lymphadenopathy were each seen in 20% of patients. Lymphoma was consistently FDG-avid (100%) and usually enhanced uniformly with iodinated contrast (73%). Necrosis and calcification were not seen in any cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although laryngeal lymphoma is rare, particular imaging features suggest this diagnosis. A large uniformly enhancing supraglottic tumor without central necrosis and without cervical lymphadenopathy is a characteristic finding of lymphoma. Similar to squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma may extend into the subglottis, pharynx, and laryngeal cartilages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.forename: Barton F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Branstetter
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Glastonbury
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Harnsberger
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D018442:Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D010614:Pharynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed