title: Implementation of guidelines for sequential therapy with fluoroquinolones in a Belgian hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study measured the impact of three interventions for physicians, in order to implement guidelines for sequential therapy (intravenous to oral conversion) with fluoroquinolones.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Belgian university hospital with 1,065 beds. Method The first intervention consisted of the hospital-wide publication of guidelines in the local drug letter towards all prescribers. The consumption of fluoroquinolones was measured by means of an interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis 21 months before (period A) and 24 months after publication (period B). The second intervention was an educational interactive session, by infectious disease specialists, to the medical staff of orthopaedics and endocrinology. The third intervention comprised a proactive conversion programme on the abdominal surgery, gastro-enterology and plastic surgery wards, where pharmacists attached a pre-printed note with a suggestion to switch to an oral treatment every time a patient met the criteria for switching. The second and third intervention took place 6 months after the first intervention. Fluoroquinolone treatments were evaluated during a 2 month period before (group 1) and after the introduction of the second (group 2) and third (group 3) intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  The monthly ratio of intravenous versus total fluoroquinolone consumption (daily defined doses per 1,000 bed days) was measured to assess the impact of the first intervention. The impact of the second and third intervention was measured in relation to the number of days that intravenous therapy continued beyond the day that the patient fulfilled the criteria for sequential therapy and the antibiotic cost.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ITS demonstrated a reduction of 3.3% in the ratio of intravenous versus total consumption after the publication of the guidelines (P = 0.011). In group 1, patients were treated intravenously for 4.1 days longer than necessary. This parameter decreased in group 2 to 3.5 days and in group 3 to 1.0 day (P = 0.006). The mean additional cost for longer intravenous treatment decreased from 188.0 euro in group 1, to 103.0 euro in group 2 and 44.0 euro in group 3 (P = 0.037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that active implementation of guidelines is necessary. A proactive conversion programme by a pharmacist resulted in a reduction in the duration of the intravenous treatment, and the treatment cost.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. franky.buyle@uzgent.be
authors.forename: Franky
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buyle
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vogelaers
authors.forename: Renaat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peleman
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Maele
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Robays
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001530:Belgium; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008510:Medication Systems, Hospital / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D024841:Fluoroquinolones