title: Surgical treatment of pleural empyema according to disease stage.
abstract: Para pneumonic effusions are often complications of bacterial pneumonia, occurring in 5-50% patients and in 15% cases it can progress into pleural empyema. Pleural empyema treatment includes drainage of pus, re-expansion of lung by using appropriate antibiotics. Surgical treatment covers implementation of certain thoracic drainage modifications, use of VATS techniques and thoracotomy with pleura decortications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research has involved 100 patients with diagnosis and treatment of para pneumonic and meta pneumonic pleural empyema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on previously defined phase of pleural empyema it was determined which surgical procedures have been used in definitive treatment of pleural empyema. In case of 31,17% (24/77) patients it has been found that pre-clinical treatment lasted 31 days and longer, and 49,35% (38/77) patients have been admitted at Clinic after 11 to 30 days of pre-clinic treatment. Only in 19.48% (15/77) patients pre-clinic treatment lasted up to 10 days. 79% (79/100) patients were in third phase of disease, 19% (19/100) patients were in second phase and 2% (2/100) patients were in first stage of disease. Among patients with first stage of disease 1 patient was subject to pleural drainage and 1 was subject to decortications. Among patients with second phase of disease 10 patients were subject to pleural drainage and 9 to decortications. Among patients with third phase of disease 20 patients were subject to pleural drainage and 49 to decortications, 4 patients were subject to pleural drainage with rib resection, and 2 were subject to combination of thoracoscopy and drainage, while in case of 4 patients it was necessary to perform additional drainage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pleural drainage is first procedure in surgical treatment of pleural empyema, but very often it is not definitive measure of treatment of patients with third phase of disease. Definitive treatment of empyema in third phase is decortications of pleura carried out on 62% patients with this phase of disease. Efficiency of treatment determined on basis of mortality level is satisfactory.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Center of Sarajevo University, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Ilijaz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pilav
authors.forename: Safet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guska
authors.forename: Safet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Musanovic
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadric
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016724:Empyema, Pleural / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult