The Adaptive Aerosol Delivery (AAD) technology: Past, present, and future.
Conventional aerosol delivery systems and the availability of new technologies have led to the development of "intelligent" nebulizers such as the I-neb Adaptive Aerosol Delivery (AAD) System. Based on the AAD technology, the I-neb AAD System has been designed to continuously adapt to changes in the patient's breathing pattern, and to pulse aerosol only during the inspiratory part of the breathing cycle. This eliminates waste of aerosol during exhalation, and creates a foundation for precise aerosol (dose) delivery. To facilitate the delivery of precise metered doses of aerosol to the patient, a unique metering chamber design has been developed. Through the vibrating mesh technology, the metering chamber design, and the AAD Disc function, the aerosol output rate and metered (delivered) dose can be tailored to the demands of the specific drug to be delivered. In the I-neb AAD System, aerosol delivery is guided through two algorithms, one for the Tidal Breathing Mode (TBM), and one for slow and deep inhalations, the Target Inhalation Mode (TIM). The aim of TIM is to reduce the treatment time by increasing the total inhalation time per minute, and to increase lung deposition by reducing impaction in the upper airways through slow and deep inhalations. A key feature of the AAD technology is the patient feedback mechanisms that are provided to guide the patient on delivery performance. These feedback signals, which include visual, audible, and tactile forms, are configured in a feedback cascade that leads to a high level of compliance with the use of the I-neb AAD System. The I-neb Insight and the Patient Logging System facilitate a further degree of sophistication to the feedback mechanisms, by providing information on long term adherence and compliance data. These can be assessed by patients and clinicians via a Web-based delivery of information in the form of customized graphical analyses.
Denyer
John
J
Philips Respironics, Respiratory Drug Delivery Ltd, Chichester, United Kingdom. john.denyer@philips.com
Dyche
Tony
T
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D000465:Algorithms; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000639:trends; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D055118:Medication Adherence; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000639:trends*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors
D000336:Aerosols; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations