title: Use of transrectal ultrasound for high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy for patients of carcinoma of uterine cervix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) has been widely used for guiding prostate implants, but not much for interstitial brachytherapy (IBT) of cervix cancer. The aim of our study is to report our experience with TRUS guided high dose rate (HDR) IBT in patients with carcinoma of uterine cervix.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the year 2005-2006, 25 patients of cervical cancer not suitable for intracavitary radiotherapy (ICRT), were enrolled in this prospective study. We used B-K Medical USG machine (Falcon 2101) equipped with a TRUS probe (8658) having a transducer of 7.5 MHz for IBT. Post procedure, a CT scan was done for verification of needle position and treatment planning. Two weekly sessions of HDR IBT of 8-10 Gy each were given after pelvic external beam radiation therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 40 IBT procedures were performed in 25 patients. Average duration of implant procedure was 50 minutes. There was no uterine perforation in any of 11 patients in whom central tandem was used. CT scan did not show needle perforation of bladder/rectum in any of the patients. During perioperative period, only 1 procedure (2.5%) was associated with hematuria which stopped within 6 hours. Severe late toxicity was observed in 3 (12%) patients. Overall pelvic control rate was 64%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience suggests that TRUS is a practical and effective imaging device for guiding the IBT procedure of cervical cancer patients. It helps in accurate placements of needles thus avoiding the injury to normal pelvic structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Daya Nand
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Goura Kisor
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thulkar
authors.forename: Sunesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Vellaiyan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Subramani
authors.forename: Parmod Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Julka