title: Predictors and moderators of time to remission of major depression with interpersonal psychotherapy and SSRI pharmacotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although many studies suggest that, on average, depression-specific psychotherapy and antidepressant pharmacotherapy are efficacious, we know relatively little about which patients are more likely to respond to one versus the other. We sought to determine whether measures of spectrum psychopathology are useful in deciding which patients with unipolar depression should receive pharmacotherapy versus depression-specific psychotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 318 adult out-patients with major depression were randomly assigned to escitalopram pharmacotherapy or interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) at academic medical centers at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Pisa, Italy. Our main focus was on predictors and moderators of time to remission on monotherapy at 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with higher scores on the need for medical reassurance factor of the Panic-Agoraphobic Spectrum Self-Report (PAS-SR) had more rapid remission with IPT and those with lower scores on the psychomotor activation factor of the Mood Spectrum Self-Report (MOODS-SR) experienced more rapid remission with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) pharmacotherapy. Non-specific predictors of longer time to remission with monotherapy included several panic spectrum and mood spectrum factors and the Social Phobia Spectrum (SHY) total score. Higher baseline scores on the 17- and 25-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scales (HAMD-17 and HAMD-25) and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) also predicted a longer time to remission, whereas being married predicted a shorter time to remission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This exploratory study identified several non-specific predictors but few moderators of psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy outcome. It offers useful indicators of the characteristics of patients that are generally difficult to treat, but only limited guidance as to who benefits from IPT versus SSRI pharmacotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. franke@upmc.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Cassano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rucci
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fagiolini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maggi
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kupfer
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shear
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Houck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calugi
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Grochocinski
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scocco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buttenfield
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Forgione
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D015283:Citalopram / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012074:Remission Induction; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015283:Citalopram; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors