title: Gender disparity in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes - does it still exist in contemporary practice?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior studies have demonstrated evidence of a disparity in the treatment and outcome of male compared to female patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  From a dedicated database, we retrospectively analysed all consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) admitted to our institution for PCI in 2008. Baseline and procedural characteristics as well as complications were then evaluated for male patients (n = 331) as compared with female patients (n = 137).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women were noted to be older at the time of presentation (66.1 +/- 10.0 vs 60.7 +/- 11.6 years, P <0.00001), the groups were otherwise well matched in terms of baseline characteristics. Female patients were treated with significantly smaller diameter stents (2.86 +/- 0.44 vs 2.96 +/- 0.50 mm, P = 0.04), though the proportion of drug-eluting stents was similar (53.7% vs 50.5%, P = 0.5). Female patients were significantly less likely to receive optimal medical therapy with lesser use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (26.3% vs 55.3%, P <0.0000001), and beta-blockers (83.9% vs 90.9%, P = 0.04). At 30 days, there were no differences in the rate of major adverse cerebrovascular or cardiac events (2.9% vs 3.9%, P = 0.8), though females had a significantly higher rate of femoral access site pseudoaneurysm (4.4% vs 0.9%, P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There remains evidence for continued gender disparity in contemporary practice; despite evidence for efficacy in ACS patients, females received a notably lower use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and beta-blockers. Women are also significantly more likely to develop femoral access site complications with pseudoaneurysm development; it is important therefore to optimise procedures for sheath removal in female patients or give strong consideration to the use of radial access site.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Castle Hill Hospital, Kingston-upon-Hull, UK.
authors.forename: Rushd
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jibran
authors.forename: Junaid Alam
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoye
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors