Portrait of an oocyte: our obscure origin.
Oocytes play a pivotal role in the cycle of human life. As we discuss here, after emerging from germline stem cells in the fetus, they grow in a follicular niche in which development is harmonized for timely ovulation and hormone secretion after puberty. Most human oocytes have poor developmental competence and are peculiarly vulnerable to chromosomal malsegregation, especially as women pass the optimal years of fertility and may begin to turn to assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and egg donation. Research needs to focus on the molecular factors involved and the environmental niche required for optimal development of oocytes, with the aim of increasing their numbers and quality for ARTs, since these are the factors that so often limit human fertility.
Gosden
Roger
R
Ronald O. Perelman & Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine & Infertility, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1305 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA. Roger.Gosden@gmail.com
Lee
Bora
B
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D002118:Calcium