title: Body art in 4,277 Italian secondary school adolescents: prevalence and associations with personal and family characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study's purpose was to investigate, in a large cohort of adolescents, the prevalence and association of personal and family characteristics with having or considering body piercing or tattoo.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed students from the Veneto Region of northeast Italy with a self-administered questionnaire that asked about body piercing and tattoo and about personal and family characteristics. Multinomial weighted regression analysis was used to generate adjusted relative risk ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI) for piercing and tattooing separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 4,277 of 4,524 surveyed students completed and returned a usable questionnaire. For piercing, the prevalence was 20%. Girls, students with a less educated father, and those dissatisfied with their physical appearance were more likely to be interested in and to have undergone this procedure. For tattooing, the prevalence was 6%. Boys and students whose father was younger than 48 were more likely to have experienced tattooing. A strong association was found between having a piercing and having a tattoo. Fify-six percent of pierced students and 48% of tattooed students were underage (<18 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that male gender (for tattoo), female gender (for piercing), dissatisfaction with physical appearance, positive attitudes toward either piercing or tattoo, and having a younger and less educated father were associated with having or desiring body modification. These factors could be considered for targeted patient education.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padua, Italy. mrcegolon@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cegolon
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mastrangelo
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mazzoleni
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majori
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baldovin
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xodo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D046288:Body Piercing / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005220:Fathers / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012574:Schools; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013653:Tattooing / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult