title: Growth in childhood predicts hip fracture risk in later life.
abstract: The incidence of hip fracture was estimated in 6,370 women born in Helsinki between 1934 and 1944. Women in the lowest quarter of adiposity gain had an 8.2-fold increase in hip fracture risk compared with those in the highest quarter (p < 0.001). These data point to a relationship between childhood growth and fracture risk during later life.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous findings show that discordance between childhood increase in height and weight is associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures during later life.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 6,370 women born in Helsinki between 1934 and 1944. Each woman's birth weight and length at birth was recorded, as well as her height and weight through childhood. We identified the occurrence of hip fracture through the National Finnish Hospital discharge register.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 49 hip fractures in the 6,370 women over 187,238 person-years of follow-up. Hip fracture was associated with increasing Z-scores for height between 1 and 12 years, not matched by a corresponding increase in weight. Therefore, reduction in the Z-score for body mass index was associated with increased risk of hip fracture. Women in the lowest quarter of change in Z-scores for body mass index had an 8.2-fold increase in hip fracture risk (95% CI 1.9 to 35), compared with those in the highest quarter (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thinness in childhood is a risk factor for hip fracture in later life. This could be a direct effect of low fat mass on bone mineralization, or represent the influence of altered timing of pubertal maturation.
authors.affiliation: MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Javaid
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kajantie
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forsén
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Osmond
authors.forename: D J P
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006128:Growth / Q000502:physiology*; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012923:Social Class; D013851:Thinness / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology