title: Modeling cancer in hiv-1 infected individuals: equilibria, cycles and chaotic behavior.
abstract: For HIV-infected individuals, cancer remains a significant burden. Gaining insight into the epidemiology and mechanisms that underlie AIDS- related cancers can provide us with a better understanding of cancer immunity and viral oncogenesis. In this paper, an HIV-1 dynamical model incorporat- ing the AIDS-related cancer cells was studied. The model consists of three components, cancer cells, healthy CD4+ T lymphocytes and infected CD4+ T lymphocytes, and can have six steady states. We discuss the existence, the stability properties and the biological meanings of these steady states, in par- ticular for the positive one: cancer-HIV-healthy cells steady state. We find conditions for Hopf bifurcation of the positive steady state, leading to periodic solutions, sequences of period doubling bifurcations and appearance of chaos. Further, chaos and periodic behavior alternate. Our results are consistent with some clinical and experimental observations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444, P. R. China. jie.lou@126.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tebaldi