title: Bone metastasis in cervical cancer patients over a 10-year period.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cervical cancer is the major cancer burden in developing countries. Bone is the third most common site of distant metastasis after the lungs and liver. Therefore, the aims of this study were to find the incidence and clinical characteristics of bone metastasis in our hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one cervical cancer patients with bone metastasis during the period from January 1998 to December 2007 were recruited. All patients' medical records were reviewed and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 4620 cervical cancer patients, there were 51 patients (1.1%) who had bone metastases. Ten patients' medical records were not found; thus, 41 patients were available for evaluation. The median age of the patients was 49 years. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIB was the most common stage (43.9%). Most patients had squamous cell carcinoma (80.48%) and received radiation therapy alone as their primary treatment (58.53%). The most common presenting symptom was pain (78.04%). Most of the patients had multiple bone lesions and extrapelvic bone metastases. The lumbar spine was the most common site (36.36%). Sixteen patients (39.02%) were treated by palliative radiation therapy. The median overall survival was 23 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone metastases could be found at all stages. Common sites were the bone beyond the radiation field of their primary treatment. It was found at a median of 16 months after cervical cancer diagnosis. Currently, there are many varieties of treatment that result only in palliation. This group of patients has a poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. radtn@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Duangmani
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thanapprapasr
authors.forename: Adisak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nartthanarung
authors.forename: Puchong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Likittanasombut
authors.forename: Nathpong Israngura
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Na Ayudhya
authors.forename: Chuenkamon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charakorn
authors.forename: Umaporn
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Udomsubpayakul
authors.forename: Thanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Subhadarbandhu
authors.forename: Sarikapan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilailak
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy