title: Phase III trial of bevacizumab plus interferon alfa-2a in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (AVOREN): final analysis of overall survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A phase III trial of bevacizumab combined with interferon alfa-2a (IFN) showed significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Here, we report overall survival (OS) data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred forty-nine patients with previously untreated mRCC were randomly assigned to receive bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks) plus IFN (9 MIU subcutaneously three times a week; n = 327) or IFN plus placebo (n = 322) in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase III trial. The primary end point was OS. Final analysis of the secondary end point (PFS) was reported earlier.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median OS was 23.3 months with bevacizumab plus IFN and 21.3 months with IFN plus placebo (unstratified hazard ratio [HR] = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.10; P = .3360; stratified HR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.04; P = .1291). Patients (> 55%) in both arms received at least one postprotocol antineoplastic therapy, possibly confounding the OS analysis. Patients receiving postprotocol therapy including a tyrosine kinase inhibitor had longer median OS (bevacizumab plus IFN arm: 38.6 months; IFN plus placebo arm: 33.6 months; HR = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.13). Tolerability was similar to that reported previously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bevacizumab plus IFN is active as first-line treatment in patients with mRCC. Most patients with mRCC receive multiple lines of therapy, so considering the overall sequence of therapy when selecting first-line therapy may optimize patient benefit.
authors.affiliation: Unité Immunothérapie, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France. escudier@igr.fr
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Escudier
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bellmunt
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Négrier
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bajetta
authors.forename: Bohuslav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Melichar
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bracarda
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ravaud
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golding
authors.forename: Sangeeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jethwa
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sneller
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000068258:Bevacizumab