title: Lipoprotein(a) predicts progression of carotid artery intima-media thickening in patients with type 2 diabetes: A four-year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to establish whether increased levels of serum lipoprotein(a) significantly contribute to an increase in intima-media thickness and the number of carotid artery plaques, and consequently to cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lipoprotein(a) levels, intima-media thickness and the number of carotid artery plaques were determined at the beginning of the study in 146 patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients were divided into two groups according to serum lipoprotein(a) levels (> or <or=30 mg/dl). Intima-media thickness and the number of plaques were again determined after four years of follow-up. Intima-media thickness was assessed using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups of patients revealed no significant differences in baseline intima-media thickness (P = 0.112) in relation to lipoprotein(a) level. After follow-up, intima-media thickness was significantly greater in patients with higher lipoprotein(a) levels (1.24 + 0.22 vs. 1.15 + 0.17 mm, respectively; P = 0.005). The mean increase in thickness over four years was 0.12 mm (0.030 mm/year) in the group with low lipoprotein(a) levels and 0.17 mm (0.043 mm/year) in the group with high lipoprotein(a). Multivariate analysis indicated that intima-media thickness depended on lipoprotein(a), and not on triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol levels or waist-to-hip ratio. No significant difference in baseline and follow-up number of plaques was observed between the study groups (P = 0.276 vs. P = 0.355, respectively). Although the group with lipoprotein(a) >30 mg/dl had more cardiovascular events, the difference was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that lipoprotein(a) is an independent, genetically determined risk factor closely associated with progression of intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Vuk Vrhovac University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Jozo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boras
authors.forename: Spomenka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ljubic
authors.forename: Nikica
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Car
authors.forename: Zeljko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Metelko
authors.forename: Mladen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrovecki
authors.forename: Marijana Vucic
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Lovrencic
authors.forename: Zeljko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Reiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000097:blood*; D017523:Croatia; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005352:Fibromuscular Dysplasia / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D015996:Survival Rate; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D014280:Triglycerides