title: Ovarian cancer stem-like side-population cells are tumourigenic and chemoresistant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy. Although ovarian cancer patients often respond initially to chemotherapy, they usually develop chemoresistance. We hypothesised that a small portion of ovarian cancer cells have stem-like cell properties that contribute to tumourigenesis and drug resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 efflux isolated side-population (SP) cells from ascites derived from ovarian cancer patients and from mice inoculated with human ovarian cancer cell lines. The SP cells were examined for stem cell markers OCT4, NANOG, STELLAR, and ABCG2/BCRP1 by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. The SP cells and non-SP cells were studied for tumourigenesis and chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SP cells expressed ABCG2/BCRP1, OCT4, STELLAR, and NANOG, detected by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. ABCG2/BCRP1 expression was higher in SP than in non-SP cells. Xenogeneic mice inoculated with SP cells yielded more tumours than did mice inoculated with non-SP cells. In parallel, SP cell culture resulted in extensive cell proliferation, which was markedly more than in non-SP cells. SP cells resisted chemotherapy compared with non-SP cells, both in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ovarian cancer SP cells are tumourigenic and chemoresistant. ABCG2/BCRP1 has an important role in chemoresistance, which has implications for new therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0556, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jaffe
mesh_terms: D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C116614:ABCG2 protein, human; D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins