title: Aortic root reoperation: a technical challenge.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is well known that aortic root re-replacement presents a formidable technical challenge. Thus, the study aim was to describe the authors' experience with this high-risk cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 1996 and January 2009, a total of 26 patients (mean age 51 years; range: 16-72 years) underwent aortic root re-replacement surgery at the authors' institution. Previous aortic root operations included mechanical valved conduit (n = 9), tissue valved conduit (n = 5), Ross procedure (n = 4), homograft (n = 4), David procedure (n = 2) and Yacoub procedure (n = 2). The indications for surgery included endocarditis (n = 16), Ross procedure failure (n = 4), valve degeneration (n = 3), anastomotic aneurysm (n = 2), and severe valve insufficiency (n = 1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reoperations performed were classified as follows: aortic homograft (n = 11), mechanical conduit (n = 9), tissue valved conduit (n = 4) and David procedure (n = 2). The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 219 min (range: 101-398 min), and the mean cross-clamp time 142 min (range: 89-253 min). The mean ICU stay was 8 days (range: 1-45 days), and the mean hospital stay 20 days (range: 3-64 days). Four rethoracotomies were performed for postoperative bleeding or tamponade (14%). Two patients (8%) died within 30 days of surgery, and three (12%) required pacemaker implantation due to atrioventricular block (grade III).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aortic root reoperation, even in the setting of endocarditis, can be carried out with excellent results. The major goals of this concept include a clinical examination and preoperative diagnosis, in addition to computed tomography to identify possible pitfalls during re-sternotomy. Care must also be taken to provide adequate myocardial and organ protection, by utilizing blood cardioplegia and individual selective perfusion techniques.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hanover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Shrestha.Malakh.Lal@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Malakh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: Nawid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khaladj
authors.forename: Hassina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baraki
authors.forename: Ammar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Ahmad
authors.forename: Nurbol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koigeldiyev
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pichlmaier
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hagl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery* / Q000637:transplantation; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult