title: Estrogen receptor-related receptor alpha mediates up-regulation of aromatase expression by prostaglandin E2 in prostate stromal cells.
abstract: Estrogen receptor-related receptor alpha (ERRalpha) is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. ERRalpha is highly expressed in the prostate, especially in prostate stromal cells. However, little is known about the regulation and function of ERRalpha, which may contribute to the progression of prostatic diseases. We previously found that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) up-regulated the expression of aromatase in prostate stromal cells. Here we show that PGE2 also up-regulates the expression of ERRalpha, which, as a transcription factor, further mediates the regulatory effects of PGE2 on the expression of aromatase. ERRalpha expression was up-regulated by PGE2 in prostate stromal cell line WPMY-1, which was mediated mainly through the protein kinase A signaling pathway by PGE2 receptor EP2. Suppression of ERRalpha activity by chlordane (an antagonist of ERRalpha) or small interfering RNA knockdown of ERRalpha blocked the increase of expression and promoter activity of aromatase induced by PGE2. Overexpression of ERRalpha significantly increased aromatase expression and promoter activity, which were further augmented by PGE2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that ERRalpha directly bound to the aromatase promoter in vivo, and PGE2 enhanced the recruitment of ERRalpha and promoted transcriptional regulatory effects on aromatase expression in WPMY-1. 17Beta-estradiol concentration in WPMY-1 medium was up-regulated by ERRalpha expression, and that was further increased by PGE2. Our results provided evidence that ERRalpha contributed to local estrogen production by up-regulating aromatase expression in response to PGE2 and provided further insights into the potential role of ERRalpha in estrogen-related prostatic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Jiandang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Chun-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Zengnan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klocker
authors.forename: Chung
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001141:Aromatase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002706:Chlordan / Q000494:pharmacology; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011467:Prostate / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D000097983:ERRalpha Estrogen-Related Receptor
chemical_list: D001141:Aromatase; D002706:Chlordan; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D004958:Estradiol; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D000097983:ERRalpha Estrogen-Related Receptor; C545644:PTGER2 protein, human