title: Three dysregulated miRNAs control kallikrein 10 expression and cell proliferation in ovarian cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are a family of serine proteases that have been shown to be dysregulated in several malignancies including ovarian cancer. The control of kallikrein genes and their physiological function in cancer is not well understood. We hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNAs) represent a novel mechanism for post-transcriptional control of KLK expression in cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We first analysed miRNA expression in ovarian cancer in silico. A total of 98 miRNAs were reported to have altered expression in ovarian cancer. Three of these miRNAs were predicted to target KLK10. We experimentally verified the predicted miR-KLK10 interaction using two independent techniques, a luciferase assay with a construct containing the KLK10 3' untranslated region (UTR), pMIR-KLK10, and measuring KLK10 protein levels after transfection with miRNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When we co-transfected cells with pMIR-KLK10 and either let-7f, miR-224, or mR-516a, we saw decreased luciferase signal, suggesting that these miRNAs can target KLK10. We then examined the effect of these three miRNAs on KLK10 protein expression and cell growth. Transfection of all miRNAs, let-7f, miR-224, and miR-516a led to a decrease in protein expression and cellular growth. This effect was shown to be dose dependent. The KLK10 protein levels were partially restored by co-transfecting let-7f and its inhibitor. In addition, there was a slight decrease in KLK10 mRNA expression after transfection with let-7f.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm that KLKs can be targeted by more than one miRNA. Increased expression of certain miRNAs in ovarian cancer can lead to decreased KLK protein expression and subsequently have a negative effect on cell proliferation. This dose-dependent effect suggests that a 'tweaking' or 'fine-tuning' mechanism exists in which the expression of one KLK can be controlled by multiple miRNAs. These data together suggest that miRNA may be used as potential therapeutic options and further studies are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: N M A
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: T-F F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mejia-Guerrero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diamandis
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rofael
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Faragalla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mankaruous
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabril
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Girgis
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Yousef
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000378:metabolism*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; C100936:KLK10 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins