title: Aqueous humor endothelin-1 (Et-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels in Mexican glaucomatous patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the concentration of endothelin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and cyclooxygenase-2 in aqueous humor from normal and glaucomatous human patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concentrations of these proteins were measured using ELISA kits in 83 patients (30 presenting for cataract surgery and 53 with glaucoma).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endothelin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and cyclooxygenase-2 were detected in all samples. The ages of the patients with glaucoma (64.51 +/- 17.51 years) and cataracts subjects (59.30 +/- 19.15 years) were similar. The endothelin-1 concentration in cataracts patients (48.55 +/- 9.50 pg/ml) was statistically different when compared to endothelin-1 concentration in aqueous humor from primary open-angle glaucoma (107.94 +/- 12.20 pg/ml) and neovascular glaucoma (114.68 +/- 25.50 pg/ml) (p < 0.05). No statistical difference was observed in normal tension glaucoma group (69.14 +/- 52.80 pg/ml) (p > 0.05). Vascular endothelial growth factor concentration was higher in neovascular glaucoma (81.84 +/- 6.40 pg/ml), being the difference statistically significant when compared with the other groups (p < 0.0001). Cyclooxygenase-2 levels showed no statistical difference between cataract groups and any other glaucoma group (p > 0.05). No effect of age, gender, or previously medication of aqueous humor concentration of these proteins could be detected (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study we observed increased levels of endothelin-1 in aqueous humor from patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and neovascular glaucoma, and increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor only in neovascular glaucoma patients, raising a possible connection between endothelin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the role of some types of glaucoma. Regarding cyclooxygenase-2 levels detected, perhaps indicate that low values of cyclooxygenase-2 are necessary for normal functions of the eye.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacobiology Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwabe
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamas
authors.forename: Carlos G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Vásquez Pélaez
authors.forename: Félix Gil
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Carrasco
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002386:Cataract / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human