title: Hyperbaric oxygen ameliorates delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome of carbon monoxide poisoning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome (DNS) is characterized by mental impairment, motor dysfunction, dementia, or psychosis that develops between a few days and weeks after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. One possible mechanism responsible for CO-mediated encephalopathy involves oxidative stress, such as lipid peroxidation, caused by the cellular uptake of CO and which leads to an inflammatory cascade. There is no current effective treatment for DNS. We applied 8-40 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) to patients with DNS and evaluated its effectiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  After admission, all patients were administered piracetam or bromocriptine, or both, and received HBO2. Neuropsychiatric tests included EEG, mini-mental status examination (MMSE), brain MRI, event-related potential (ERP), and brain perfusion scan (brain SPECT). Results of these tests were compared before and after HBO2, and the clinical features were monitored during this period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The symptoms of DNS for all patients improved significantly after HBOT. Although white matter changes remained evident in the brain MRI scans, other examinations such as EEG, MMSE, ERP, and 99mTc-ECD brain SPECT were nearly normal after HBOT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that HBO2 decreases the severity of impairment in patients with DNS. Although a large randomized trial is required to address the efficacy of this therapy, therapeutic application of HBO2 may be recommended in patients with DNS after CO poisoning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chu Shang Show Chwan Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002249:Carbon Monoxide Poisoning / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013577:Syndrome