title: The clinical significance of urine cytology after a radical cystectomy for urothelial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of urine cytology on the prediction of the upper urinary tract recurrence (UTR) of urothelial cancer after a radical cystectomy (RC) with urinary diversion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 125 patients who underwent RC from 1987 to 2005 were retrospectively identified. The median follow-up period was 64 months. The specimens for urine cytology were obtained from the urine voided or obtained through a catheter or a conduit. The relationship between a positive urine cytology result and UTR detection was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UTR was diagnosed in eight patients (6.4%) at a median follow-up of 63.3 months. The overall rate of a positive urine cytology result was 12.3% for the urine in an ileal conduit, 18.8% in a continental reservoir and 10.5% in an orthotopic neobladder. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the urine cytology for the detection of UTR were 75.0% and 90.6%, respectively. However, UTR could be diagnosed earlier by using urinary cytology, rather than by radiological examinations and/or related symptoms in only 5.9% (1/17 positive urine cytology) of cases. Eleven (64.7%) of 17 patients with positive urine cytology were false positive and eight (72.7%) of the 11 patients with no UTR had a positive urine cytology result only once.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urine cytology after RC was not a potent screening tool for the early detection of UTR because of the difficulty in distinguishing the cancer cells from degenerated intestinal epithelial cells in the urinary diversion urine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshimine
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyajima
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Mototsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D015653:Cystectomy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*