Genetic risk for recurrent urinary tract infections in humans: a systematic review.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a frequent cause of morbidity in children and adults and affect up to 10% of children; its recurrence rate is estimated at 30-40%. UTI may occur in up to 50% of all women in their lifetimes and frequently require medication. Recent advances have suggested that a deregulation of candidate genes in humans may predispose patients to recurrent UTI. The identification of a genetic component of UTI recurrences will make it possible to diagnose at-risk adults and to predict genetic recurrences in their offspring. Six out of 14 genes investigated in humans may be associated with susceptibility to recurrent UTI in humans. In particular, the HSPA1B, CXCR1 & 2, TLR2, TLR4, TGF-beta1 genes seem to be associated with an alteration of the host response to UTIs at various levels.
Zaffanello
M
M
Department of Mother-Child and Biology-Genetics, Section of Pediatrics, University of Verona, Piazzale L. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy. marco.zaffanello@univr.it
Malerba
G
G
Cataldi
L
L
Antoniazzi
F
F
Franchini
M
M
Monti
E
E
Fanos
V
V
D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017594:Publication Bias; D054387:Receptors, CXCR / Q000235:genetics; D012008:Recurrence; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000235:genetics*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics
D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; D054387:Receptors, CXCR; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A