title: Protective effect of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonist in carrageenan-induced pleural inflammation in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report the effects of the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor antagonist RC-3095 in an acute inflammation model induced by carrageenan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats received saline or saline containing 2% lambda-carrageenan into the pleural cavity, with some also receiving RC-3095 3 mg/kg subcutaneously, immediately after surgery. Four hours later, the rats were killed and pleural exudate was obtained for evaluation of total cell count, lactate dehydrogenase activity, total protein, cytokines analysis and nitrite/nitrate concentrations; myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and oxidative stress were evaluated in the lung.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RC-3095 exhibited pronounced anti-inflammatory actions by inhibition of leukocyte influx and blockade of MPO, nitrite/nitrate and cytokine levels. Moreover, the results showed that RC-3095 elicits action against oxidative damage in lipids and proteins, as well as increasing cell viability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings suggest that GRP plays a role in acute inflammation that can be related with the reduction of oxidative damage and that it could be effective in therapeutic applications.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Physiopathology Laboratory, University of the Extreme-South Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabricia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petronilho
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Francieli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vuolo
authors.forename: César A F
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Benetton
authors.forename: Emilio L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Streck
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roesler
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schwartsmann
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal-Pizzol
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001839:Bombesin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000633:toxicity; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D010998:Pleurisy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018004:Receptors, Bombesin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D018004:Receptors, Bombesin; C071363:bombesin (6-14), Tpi(6)-Leu(13)-psi(CH2NH)-Leu(14)-; D002351:Carrageenan; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D009195:Peroxidase; D001839:Bombesin