title: Emergence of ciprofloxacin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from healthy children and pediatric patients in Portugal.
abstract: We describe 66 ciprofloxacin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pyogenes isolates recovered from colonized and infected children. The ParC S79A substitution was frequent and associated with the emm6/sequence type 382 (emm6/ST382) lineage. The ParC D83G substitution was detected in two isolates (emm5/ST99 and emm28/ST52 lineages). One isolate (emm89/ST101) had no quinolone resistance-determining region codon substitutions or other resistance mechanisms. Five of 66 isolates were levofloxacin resistant. Although fluoroquinolones are not used in children, they may be putative disseminators of fluoroquinolone-nonsusceptible strains in the community.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ardanuy
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rolo
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brito-Avô
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonçalo-Marques
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liñares
authors.forename: Ilda
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Santos-Sanches
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017354:Point Mutation; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C014689:streptococcal M protein; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D009643:Norfloxacin