title: PINK1-linked parkinsonism is associated with Lewy body pathology.
abstract: Phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 gene mutations have been associated with autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease. To date, no neuropathological reports have been published from patients with Parkinson's disease with both phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 gene copies mutated. We analysed the coding region of phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 gene in a large Spanish family with six members with parkinsonism. The phenotype was characterized by an early-onset (mean: 31.6, standard deviation: 9.6 years, range: 14-45 years), slowly progressive levodopa-responsive parkinsonism, initial gait impairment and psychiatric symptoms. We identified two segregating pathogenic phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 mutations that were either in homozygous or heterozygous compound state in all affected family members. We found an exon 7 deletion (g.16089_16383del293; c.1252_1488del) and a novel+1U1-dependent 5' splice-site mutation in exon 7 (g.16378G>A; c.1488+1G>A). Leukocyte-derived messenger RNA analysis showed that both mutations caused exon 7 skipping and c.1488+1G>A also lead to an in-frame transcript with a 33 base-pair deletion (p.L485_R497del) resulting from activation of a 5' cryptic exon 7 splice site. Single photon emission computed tomography quantification of striatal dopamine transporter binding (123I-Ioflupane) revealed a posterior-anterior gradient similar to that of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, but there was no correlation between striatal reduced uptake and disease duration. Post-mortem neuropathological examination of an early-onset Parkinson's disease carrier of two heterozygous compound phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 mutations showed neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta, Lewy bodies and aberrant neurites in the reticular nuclei of the brainstem, substantia nigra pars compacta and Meynert nucleus, but the locus ceruleus and the amygdala were spared. This is the first neuropathological report of the brain from an early-onset phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1-linked parkinsonism showing that mutated phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 protein induces Lewy body pathology. Unbalanced preservation of the locus ceruleus may well play a role in the slow evolution of motor symptoms and, probably, in the psychiatric symptoms often encountered in Parkinson's disease associated with phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 mutation.
authors.affiliation: Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pío XII 55, 31008-Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lluís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Samaranch
authors.forename: Oswaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lorenzo-Betancor
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Arbelo
authors.forename: Isidre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: Jaione
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Irigoyen
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pastor
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marrero
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Isla
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herrera-Henriquez
authors.forename: Pau
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pastor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D016631:Lewy Bodies / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D010375:Pedigree; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D000099202:PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase
chemical_list: D011494:Protein Kinases; D000099202:PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase