title: Catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy for thoracic deep vein thrombosis is safe and effective in selected patients with and without cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety, feasibility and efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis for thoracic central venous thrombosis in both cancer and non-cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case series of 68 patients, including 35 with active cancer and 33 without cancer, was analysed. They all received catheter-directed thrombolysis with alteplase or urokinase for symptomatic acute major thoracic vein thrombosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substantial clot lysis was obtained in 62 out of 68 patients (91%), the results being 88.6 and 93.8% for cancer and non-cancer patients respectively (P = 0.68). The mean infusion time in patients with and without cancer was 2.11 and 1.84 days respectively (P = 0.3259). Procedure-related complications occurred in two cancer patients (8.6%) and in seven non-cancer patients (21%) (P = 0.18). One cancer patient developed a fatal intracranial bleeding. Additional intervention after successful lysis was performed in cancer (n = 18; 51%) as well as in non-cancer patients (n = 29; 88%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Catheter-directed thrombolysis is a feasible and highly effective interventional procedure with an acceptable safety profile in selected patients with and without cancer for the treatment of symptomatic thoracic central venous thrombosis. In most cases, additional endovascular or surgical procedures are required to restore and maintain vessel patency after successful thrombolysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. geert.maleux@uzleuven.be
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maleux
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marchal
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palmers
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heye
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verhamme
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaninbroukx
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verhaeghe
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013896:Thoracic Diseases; D013899:Thoracic Neoplasms; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator