title: Temporal context and conditional associative learning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated how temporal context affects the learning of arbitrary visuo-motor associations. Human observers viewed highly distinguishable, fractal objects and learned to choose for each object the one motor response (of four) that was rewarded. Some objects were consistently preceded by specific other objects, while other objects lacked this task-irrelevant but predictive context.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of five experiments showed that predictive context consistently and significantly accelerated associative learning. A simple model of reinforcement learning, in which three successive objects informed response selection, reproduced our behavioral results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results imply that not just the representation of a current event, but also the representations of past events, are reinforced during conditional associative learning. In addition, these findings are broadly consistent with the prediction of attractor network models of associative learning and their prophecy of a persistent representation of past objects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Biology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany. hamid@ovgu.de
authors.forename: Oussama H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wendemuth
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Braun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001245:Association Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D017709:Fractals; D006801:Humans; D055641:Mathematical Concepts; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult