title: Experimental infection with Ancylostoma ceylanicum in dogs and efficacy of a spot on combination containing imidacloprid 10% and moxidectin 2.5% (Advocate/Advantage Multi, Bayer Animal Health).
abstract: Ancylostoma ceylanicum is a common hookworm of dogs, cats and humans in Asia. More recently, this hookworm was found to infect dogs in Australia. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a spot on combination product containing imidacloprid 10% and moxidectin 2.5% (Advocate/Advantage Multi, Bayer Animal Health) against A. ceylanicum in experimentally infected dogs. Twelve dogs were each subcutaneously injected with 300 infective third-stage larvae of A. ceylanicum. Pups were stratified by egg count and randomly allocated equally into control and treatment groups. The pups in the treatment group were each treated with a spot on combination of 10% (w/v) imidacloprid and 2.5% (w/v) moxidectin, administered topically at the skin surface between the shoulder blades. The dogs in the control group were not treated. Egg counts were performed daily until the end of the study period and compared for the treated and control groups. No eggs were detected in the treated group of pups within 4 days of treatment and faecal samples from this group remained negative throughout the rest of the study, resulting in a treatment efficacy (egg reduction) of 100% (P < 0.0001). The egg counts remained high (4,469 +/- 2,064 eggs per gram, epg) in the untreated control group for the rest of the study period. This study demonstrated that the spot on combination containing imidacloprid 10% and moxidectin 2.5 % (Advocate/Advantage Multi, Bayer Animal Health) given at the recommended dose is highly effective against infection with A. ceylanicum in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. Piyanan.T@chula.ac.th
authors.forename: Piyanan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taweethavonsawat
authors.forename: Sudchit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chungpivat
authors.forename: Pakkawan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Satranarakun
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Traub
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schaper
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000722:Ancylostoma / Q000187:drug effects*; D000724:Ancylostomiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology*; D004285:Dogs; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018942:Macrolides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D012876:Skin Diseases, Parasitic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007093:Imidazoles; D018942:Macrolides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid; C027837:moxidectin