title: Impact of the extent of surgery and postoperative chemoradiotherapy on recurrence patterns in gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Intergroup 0116 trial has demonstrated that postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) improves survival in gastric cancer. We retrospectively compared survival and recurrence patterns in two phase I/II studies evaluating more intensified postoperative CRT with those from the Dutch Gastric Cancer Group Trial (DGCT) that randomly assigned patients between D1 and D2 lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survival and recurrence patterns of 91 patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach who had received surgery followed by radiotherapy combined with fluorouracil and leucovorin (n = 5), capecitabine (n = 39), or capecitabine and cisplatin (n = 47) were analyzed and compared with survival and recurrence patterns of 694 patients from the DGCT (D1, n = 369; D2, n = 325). For both groups, the Maruyama Index of Unresected Disease (MI) was calculated and correlated with survival and recurrence patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a median follow-up of 19 months in the CRT group, local recurrence rate after 2 years was significantly higher in the surgery only (DGCT) group (17% v 5%; P = .0015). Separate analysis of CRT patients who underwent a D1 dissection (n = 39) versus DGCT-D1 (n = 369) showed fewer local recurrences after chemoradiotherapy (2% v 8%; P = .001), whereas comparison of CRT-D2 (n = 25) versus DGCT-D2 (n = 325) demonstrated no significant difference. CRT significantly improved survival after a microscopically irradical (R1) resection. The MI was found to be a strong independent predictor of survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After D1 surgery, the addition of postoperative CRT had a major impact on local recurrence in resectable gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dikken
authors.forename: Edwin P M
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Annemieke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cats
authors.forename: Berdine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: Henk H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hartgrink
authors.forename: Elma Meershoek-Klein
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kranenbarg
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boot
authors.forename: Hein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Putter
authors.forename: Koen C M J
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Cornelis J H
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van de Velde
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verheij
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069287:Capecitabine; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D002945:Cisplatin; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil