Surfactant-modified beta-TCP: structure, properties, and in vitro remineralization of subsurface enamel lesions.
A hybrid material comprised of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was prepared using a mechanochemical process, examined using particle size analysis, IR spectroscopy, (31)P, (23)Na, and (13)C solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and calcium dissolution experiments, and probed for in vitro remineralization of subsurface enamel lesions. Our results suggest that while the (31)P environments of beta-TCP remain unchanged during solid-state processing, there is noticeable shifting among the SLS (23)Na and (13)C environments. Therefore, given the structure of beta-TCP, along with our IR examinations and calcium dissolution isotherms, SLS appears to interface strongly with the cation deficient C(3) symmetry site of the beta-TCP hexagonal crystal lattice with probable emphasis placed on the underbonded CaO(3) polyhedra. To demonstrate the utility of the surface-active TCP material in dental applications, we combined the TCP-SLS with 5,000 ppm F (NaF) and evaluated the remineralization potential of subsurface enamel lesions via an in vitro remineralization/demineralization pH cycling dental model. Using surface and longitudinal microhardness measurements, the TCP-SLS plus 5,000 ppm F system was found to significantly boost remineralization of subsurface enamel lesions, with microhardness values increasing up to 30% greater than fluoride alone.
Karlinsey
Robert L
RL
Indiana Nanotech, 351 W. 10th Street, Suite 309, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. rkarlins@gmail.com
Mackey
Allen C
AC
Walker
Emily R
ER
Frederick
Katherine E
KE
D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000032:analysis; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000032:analysis; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000032:analysis
D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides