title: A novel activity from an old compound: Manzamine A reduces the metastatic potential of AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells and sensitizes them to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and new drugs to treat the disease are needed. Pancreatic cancer cells are highly metastatic and exhibit resistance to apoptosis. Small molecules that can restore sensitivity to apoptosis or reduce metastasis would have therapeutic potential against this disease. Manzamine A is an alkaloid isolated from marine sponges that was suspected to have inhibitory activity against the mitogen activated kinase kinase (MEK). Because of this, the effects of Manzamine A were studied in pancreatic cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  AsPC-1 cells were treated for 48 h in the presence of various concentrations of Manzamine A and their phenotype, cytotoxicity, cell invasion and susceptibility to apoptosis were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Manzamine A decreased single cell formation, abrogated cell migration and restored the susceptibility of the cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in AsPC-1 cells. Its mechanism of action remains unknown, as manzamine A does not inhibit MEK.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Manzamine A appears to have a formerly unrecognized activity in blocking tumor cell invasion as well as in restoring cancer cell susceptibility to apoptosis in vitro and therefore has the potential to be used as an adjuvant to existing cancer therapies.
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Biomedical and Biotechnology Research, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 North, Ft. Pierce, FL 34946, USA. eguzman9@hboi.fau.edu
authors.forename: Esther A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Guzmán
authors.forename: Jacob D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Linley
authors.forename: Sarath E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gunasekera
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C078290:manzamine A; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases