title: A systematic review of oral assessment instruments: what can we recommend to practitioners in children's and young people's cancer care?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Observing and recording the signs and symptoms of oral mucositis are an important part of oral care, essential to the prevention and treatment of mucositis. Structured oral assessment enables a more informed and accurate identification of signs and symptoms and will enable early and individualized interventions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A United Kingdom-based mouth-care group conducted a systematic review of the published literature through to March 2004 and repeated in 2008. The goal of this review was to identify and evaluate the range of instruments used to assess oral mucositis to recommend in evidence-based guidelines the "best" instrument to use in the field of children's and young people's cancer care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Search sources included the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Studies were selected using defined criteria and reviewed by 3 pairs of group members.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-four individual oral assessment instruments were identified with only 15 reporting evidence of reliability and validity testing. Only 3 articles reported on oral assessment exclusively in our population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The guidelines recommend only 1 assessment instrument, the Oral Assessment Guide, or adaptations of this instrument, to be used in clinical practice. Five factors influenced this recommendation: purpose of assessment, population, outcomes assessed, and quality of the instrument and ease of use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Oral Assessment Guide has been consistently judged to be user-friendly and appropriate for everyday clinical practice with both adults and children, as well as a useful research tool.
authors.affiliation: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust and London South Bank University at Department of Children's Nursing, Faculty of Health & Social Care, London South Bank University London, England. Gibsof@gosh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Faith
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Auld
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coulson
authors.forename: Jean V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Glenny
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019985:Benchmarking; D002648:Child; D003945:Diagnosis, Oral / Q000379:methods; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D009859:Oncology Nursing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult