title: [Glomerular filtration and associated factors in hypertensive individuals treated at primary care level].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Brazil, arterial hypertension (AH) constitutes one of the main risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The monitoring of glomerular filtration (GF) is recommended for the assessment of kidney function in hypertensive individuals, as GF decrease precedes symptom onset.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess GF and its associated factors in hypertensive individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to June 2008 in 297 individuals with arterial hypertension (AH) with or without diabetes mellitus (DM), treated at a primary care facility in the city of São Luís, Maranhão. Patients older than 20 years and of both sexes were included in the study. Sociodemographic and nutritional status data, GF rate and microalbuminuria levels in 24-hour urine were assessed, as well as blood pressure, glucose and serum creatinine levels and a lipidogram.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 60.6 x 11.5 years, with a predominance of the female sex (75.1%), overweight/obesity (65.0%) and large waist circumference (60.6%). The prevalence of GF < 60 ml/min was 24.6% in the AH group without DM and 18.3% in the AH group with DM, with no significant difference. For the AH group without DM, there was an association only between reduced GF and age > 65 years, which remained after adjustment. For the AH group with DM, there was an association between reduced GF and age > 65 years, smoking habit and obesity. However, after the adjustment, age and smoking habit remained as associated factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these patients, the prevalence of GF < 60 ml/min was high and after the adjustment, only age > 65 years and smoking habit were shown to be factors associated to GF. This reinforces the need to systematically evaluate GF in hypertensive individuals, aiming at the secondary prevention of chronic kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil. karinafranca2@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Ana Karina Teixeira da Cunha
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: França
authors.forename: Alcione Miranda dos
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Isabela Leal
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Calado
authors.forename: Elisângela Milhomem dos
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Poliana Coelho
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.forename: João Victor Leal
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.forename: Noemia Perli
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Goldraich
authors.forename: Natalino
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salgado Filho
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D015981:Epidemiologic Factors; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine