title: High-dose continuous infusion beta-lactam antibiotics for the treatment of resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in immunocompromised patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case series of high-dose continuous infusion beta-lactam antibiotics for the treatment of resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Continuous infusion ceftazidime or aztreonam was administered to achieve target drug concentrations at or above the minimum inhibitory concentration, when possible, in 3 patients with P. aeruginosa infections. The maximal calculated target drug concentration was 100 mg/L. In the first patient, with primary immunodeficiency, neutropenia, and aggressive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma/leukemia, continuous infusion ceftazidime (6.5-9.6 g/day) was used to successfully treat multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa bacteremia. In the second patient, with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1, continuous infusion aztreonam (8.4 g/day) was used to successfully treat multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa wound infections. In the third patient, with severe aplastic anemia, continuous infusion ceftazidime (7-16.8 g/day) was used to treat P. aeruginosa pneumonia and bacteremia. In each patient, bacteremia cleared, infected wounds healed, and pneumonia improved in response to continuous infusion ceftazidime or aztreonam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment strategies for multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections are limited. A novel treatment strategy, when no other options are available, is the continuous infusion of existing beta-lactam antibiotics to maximize their pharmacodynamic activity. High-dose continuous infusion ceftazidime or aztreonam was used for the successful treatment of resistant systemic P. aeruginosa infections in 3 chronically immunocompromised patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous infusion beta-lactam antibiotics are a potentially useful treatment strategy for resistant P. aeruginosa infections in immunocompromised patients.
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center Pharmacy Department, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. bmoriyama@cc.nih.gov
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Stacey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Childs
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Wyndham H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Drusano
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D047090:beta-Lactams