title: Comprehensive smoke-free legislation and displacement of smoking into the homes of young children in Hong Kong.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of comprehensive smoke-free legislation in 2007 on the exposure of children to secondhand smoke (SHS) in Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cross-sectional questionnaire surveys were conducted, before (2006) and after (2008) the implementation of smoke-free legislation, among primary 2-4 students (equivalent to US grades 2-4) from 19 and 24 randomly selected schools, respectively. Adjusted ORs for SHS exposure at home and outside home post-legislation compared with pre-legislation were calculated. The strength of the association between SHS exposure and respiratory symptoms in each survey was used as an indirect indicator of the intensity of exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 3243 and 4965 never smoking students in the 2006 and 2008 surveys, the prevalence of SHS exposure in the past 7 days increased both at home (from 10.2% to 14.1%) and outside home (from 19.8% to 27.2%). Post-legislation, students were 56% more likely (p<0.01) to report SHS exposure at home coupled with an insignificantly stronger association between SHS exposure and respiratory symptoms. Similarly, students were 60% more likely (p<0.001) to report SHS exposure outside home in 2008, but the association between SHS exposure and respiratory symptoms became insignificantly weaker. Parental smoking rates were similar before and after legislation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of exposure to SHS at home and outside home have both increased among primary school students in Hong Kong post-legislation. Comprehensive smoke-free legislation without strong support for smoking cessation might have displaced smoking into the homes of young children.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. syho@hku.hk
authors.forename: Sai Yin
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Man Ping
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wing Sze
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Kwok Kei
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: Hak Kan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: G Neil
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Tai Hing
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010290:Parents; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D009538:Nicotine