title: Antisaccade performance in schizophrenia patients, their first-degree biological relatives, and community comparison subjects: data from the COGS study.
abstract: The antisaccade task is a widely used technique to measure failure of inhibition, an important cause of cognitive and clinical abnormalities found in schizophrenia. Although antisaccade performance, which reflects the ability to inhibit prepotent responses, is a putative schizophrenia endophenotype, researchers have not consistently reported the expected differences between first-degree relatives and comparison groups. Schizophrenia participants (n=219) from the large Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS) sample (n=1078) demonstrated significant deficits on an overlap version of the antisaccade task compared to their first-degree relatives (n=443) and community comparison subjects (CCS; n=416). Although mean antisaccade performance of first-degree relatives was intermediate between schizophrenia participants and CCS, a linear mixed-effects model adjusting for group, site, age, and gender found no significant performance differences between the first-degree relatives and CCS. However, admixture analyses showed that two components best explained the distributions in all three groups, suggesting two distinct doses of an etiological factor. Given the significant heritability of antisaccade performance, the effects of a genetic polymorphism is one possible explanation of our results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington and Department of Veteran Affairs, VISN-20, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Seattle, Washington 98108, USA. aradant@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Allen D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Radant
authors.forename: Dorcas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dobie
authors.forename: Monica E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Calkins
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olincy
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Braff
authors.forename: Kristin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cadenhead
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Tiffany A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.forename: Raquel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: Ruben C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Light
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Meichle
authors.forename: Steve P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Millard
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: Keith H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nuechterlein
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Schork
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Siever
authors.forename: Jeremy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Neal R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Swerdlow
authors.forename: Ming T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tsuang
authors.forename: Bruce I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Turetsky
authors.forename: Debby W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Tsuang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D018401:Sample Size; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology