title: International consensus study of antipsychotic dosing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Potency equivalents for anti-psychotic drugs are required to guide clinical dosing and for designing and interpreting research studies. Available dosing guidelines are limited by the methods and data from which they were generated.
  
  
  METHODS
  With a two-step Delphi method, the authors surveyed a diverse group of international clinical and research experts, seeking consensus regarding antipsychotic dosing. The authors determined median clinical dosing equivalents and recommended starting, target range, and maximum doses for 61 drugs, adjusted for selected clinical circumstances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants (N=43) from 18 countries provided dosing recommendations regarding treatment of psychotic disorders for 37 oral agents and 14 short-acting and 10 long-acting parenteral agents. With olanzapine 20 mg/day as reference, estimated clinical equivalency ratios of oral agents ranged from 0.025 for sulpiride to 10.0 for trifluperidol. Seventeen patient and treatment characteristics, including age, hepatic and renal function, illness stage and severity, sex, and diagnosis, were associated with dosing modifications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the absence of adequate prospective, randomized drug-drug comparisons, the present findings provide broad, international, expert consensus-based recommendations for most clinically employed antipsychotic drugs. They can support clinical practice, trial design, and interpretation of comparative antipsychotic trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Canada. david.gardner@dal.ca <david.gardner@dal.ca>
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Centorrino
authors.forename: Ross J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Baldessarini
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003245:Consensus Statements as Topic; D003697:Delphi Technique; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents