title: Glargine vs. NPH insulin therapy in pregnancies complicated by diabetes: an observational cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of glargine insulin therapy in pregnancies are not well established. We compared maternal and neonatal outcomes of women with pregestational and gestational diabetes treated with glargine or NPH insulin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study was conducted analyzing outcomes from 56 women with pregestational and 82 with gestational diabetes treated with either insulin regimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparisons were performed among 138 women: 56 with pregestational and 82 with gestational diabetes. In relation to maternal complications, worsening of retinopathy and nephropathy, preeclampsia, micro and macroalbuminuria, and all kinds of hypoglycemia were found higher in women with pregestational diabetes NPH-treated vs. glargine-treated. In women with gestational diabetes NPH-treated, it was observed increased incidence of prepregnancy and new-onset pregnancy hypertension, micro and macroalbuminuria, as well as mild and frequent hypoglycemia, compared to glargine-treated. Among the neonatal outcomes, 1-min Apgar score <7, necessity of intensive care unit and fetal death in pregestational, while jaundice and congenital malformations in gestational diabetes, respectively, were more frequently observed in infants born to NPH-treated, compared to glargine-treated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glargine use during pregnancy from preconception through delivery, showed to be safe since it is associated with decreased maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes compared with NPH insulin-treated patients.
authors.affiliation: Bauru's Diabetics Association, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Negrato
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rafacho
authors.forename: Giovana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Negrato
authors.forename: Marcio F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: César A R
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: César A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Sueli K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Date
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Demarchi
authors.forename: Marilia B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gomes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007336:Insulin, Isophane