title: Depressant effects of Clinopodium mexicanum Benth. Govaerts (Lamiaceae) on the central nervous system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The decoction of leaves of Clinopodium mexicanum Benth. Goaverts (Lamiaceae), commonly known as "Toronjil de Monte", is used in the Mexican traditional medicine to induce sleep, as well as sedative and analgesic remedy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the putative depressant effects of an aqueous extract of the medicinal plant Clinopodium mexicanum on the central nervous system (CNS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of the extract (AECM) on mice were tested in several animal paradigms, including sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep, open field tests, and hole-board tests. The effects of AECM on pentylenetetrazole- and picrotoxin-induced convulsions in mice and on the antithermonociceptive response in the hot-plate paradigm were also tested. Additionally, the active extract (AECM) was analyzed with HPLC-ESI-MS techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice acutely treated with AECM at 100, 200, 500 and 1000mg/kg doses prolonged the sleeping time induced by sodium pentobarbital (42mg/kg). This extract, at 100 and 200mg/kg doses, showed a sedative effect in the hole-board paradigm and decreased spontaneous activity in mice. AECM at 10, 100 and 200mg/kg prolonged the onset of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (90mg/kg) and antagonized tonic convulsions induced by picrotoxin (10mg/kg). Additionally, AECM inhibited the response to a thermonociceptive stimulus. The intraperitoneal AECM treatment produced mortality with an LD(50)=2154mg/kg. Chemical analysis showed that the flavanone glycosides neoponcirin, poncirin, and isonaringenin are the main compounds of the active extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that an acutely administered single dose of an aqueous extract of Clinopodium mexicanum can exert depressant effects on the CNS. These findings are in agreement with the traditional use of Clinopodium mexicanum to induce sleep as well as sedative and analgesic remedy. The chemical analysis of AECM revealed the presence of the flavanone glycosides neoponcirin, poncirin, and isonaringin.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Delegación Tlalpan, Mexico City 14370, Mexico.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estrada-Reyes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Vázquez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallegos-Solís
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heinze
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts