title: [Epididymal cyst in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome: clinicopathologic analysis of 3 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinicopathologic features of epididymal cyst in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the clinical data of 3 epididymal cyst patients treated by surgery, and detected the expressions of HIF-1alpha, VEGF, alpha-SMA and CD34 in the epididymal tissue samples by the immunohistochemistry SP method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the 3 patients underwent surgical removal of the epididymal cyst. Immunohistochemistry of the epididymal tissues showed HIF-1alpha, VEGF, alpha-SMA and CD34 to be positive. All the 3 cases were confirmed to be VHL syndrome, 1 right after surgery, and the other 2 within 8 years postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epididymal cyst is a usual benign disease, which may occur independently of or be complicated by VHL syndrome. If immunohistochemistry of epididymal tissues shows HIF-1alpha, VEGF, alpha-SMA and CD34 to be positive, VHL syndrome should be considered, and further clinical examinations and post-operation follow-up are necessitated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China. houzhuanzhen@sohu.com
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yong-Guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jian-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D004822:Epididymis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013088:Spermatocele / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D006623:von Hippel-Lindau Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C541116:ACTA2 protein, human; D000199:Actins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A