title: Autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cell therapy for spinal cord injury: A phase I/II clinical safety and primary efficacy data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to assess the safety and therapeutic efficacy of autologous human bone marrow derived mononuclear cell transplantation on spinal cord injury in a phase I/II, nonrandomized, open-label study, conducted on 297 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We transplanted unmanipulated bone marrow mononuclear cells through a lumbar puncture, and assessed the outcome using standard neurologic investigations and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) protocol, and with respect to safety, therapeutic time window, CD34-/+ cell count, and influence on sex and age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No serious complications or adverse events were reported, except for minor reversible complaints. Sensory and motor improvements occurred in 32.6% of patients, and the time elapsed between the injury and the treatment considerably influenced the outcome of the therapy. The CD34-/+ cell count determined the state of improvement, or no improvement, but not the degree of improvement. No correlation was found between level of injury and improvement, and age and sex had no role in the outcome of the cellular therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transplant of autologous human bone marrow derived mononuclear cells through a lumbar puncture is safe, and one-third of spinal cord injury patients show perceptible improvements in the neurologic status. The time elapsed between injury and therapy and the number of CD34-/+ cells injected influenced the outcome of the therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cells, Lifeline Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Perungudi, Chennai.
authors.forename: Arachimani Anand
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Sankaran Raj
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Raghavachary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.forename: Kanagarajan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arul
authors.forename: Mayakesavan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baskaran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation*; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012677:Sensation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013129:Spinal Puncture; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34