Fluid intake and colorectal cancer risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study.
Total fluid intake, specifically water intake, has been suggested to protect against colorectal cancer. We examined the association of total fluid intake with colorectal cancer endpoints and possible effect modification by fiber intake within the Netherlands Cohort Study (N = 120,852). We also investigated intake of specific beverages. After 13.3 yr, 1,443 male and 1,040 female colorectal cancer cases with complete baseline questionnaires were available for case-cohort analyses. Multivariate analyses showed no dose-response relationship of total fluid intake and intake of specific beverages with the risk of overall colorectal, proximal, and distal colon cancer. For rectal cancer risk in men, there was a nonsignificant positive trend for total fluid intake [> 1,500 vs. </= 1,000 ml/day: HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 0.95-2.37, P trend = 0.08) and a significant positive trend for coffee intake (> 6 vs. </= 2 cups/day: HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 0.96-2.66, P trend = 0.05). However, a nonsignificant positive trend for total fluid intake was no longer observed when additionally adjusting for coffee intake. Tests for interaction were not significant. In conclusion, total fluid intake was not associated with colorectal cancer risk in either men or women. There was no evidence that fiber intake modified associations. Of the specific beverages, coffee intake was positively associated with rectal cancer risk in men.
Simons
Colinda C J M
CC
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Leurs
Lina J
LJ
Weijenberg
Matty P
MP
Schouten
Leo J
LJ
Goldbohm
R Alexandra
RA
van den Brandt
Piet A
PA
D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages; D003069:Coffee; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013662:Tea
D003069:Coffee; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D013662:Tea