title: Mitochondrial complex I activity and oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins in the prefrontal cortex of patients with bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. It remains unclear whether mitochondrial dysfunction, specifically complex I impairment, is associated with increased oxidative damage and, if so, whether this relationship is specific to bipolar disorder.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether decreased levels of the electron transport chain complex I subunit NDUFS7 are associated with complex I activity and increased oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins in the prefrontal cortex of patients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or major depressive disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postmortem prefrontal cortex from patients and controls were assessed using immunoblotting, spectrophotometric, competitive enzyme immunoassay to identify group differences in expression and activity of complex I, and in oxidative damage in mitochondria.
  
  
  METHODS
  University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Patients Forty-five patients with a psychiatric disorder (15 each with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder) and 15 nonpsychiatric control subjects were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oxidative damage to proteins and mitochondrial complex I activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of NDUFS7 and complex I activity were decreased significantly in patients with bipolar disorder but were unchanged in those with depression and schizophrenia compared with controls. Protein oxidation, as measured by protein carbonylation, was increased significantly in the bipolar group but not in the depressed or schizophrenic groups compared with controls. We observed increased levels of 3-nitrotyrosine in the bipolar disorder and schizophrenia groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impairment of complex I may be associated with increased protein oxidation and nitration in the prefrontal cortex of patients with bipolar disorder. Therefore, complex I activity and mitochondrial dysfunction may be potential therapeutic targets for bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada.
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Andreazza
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Jun-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L Trevor
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000378:metabolism*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000378:metabolism; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I; C496410:NDUFS7 protein, human