title: Attenuation of NF-kappaB and activation of Nrf2 signaling by 1,2,4-triazine derivatives, protects neuron-like PC12 cells against apoptosis.
abstract: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Indeed, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide, generated by inflammatory cells, leads to oxidative stress, which may contribute to the neuronal degeneration observed in a wide variety of neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease. The present study indicates that H(2)O(2)-induced cell death can be inhibited in the presence of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives, as measured by MTT and caspase-3 activity. We further show that these compounds exert their protective effect by up-regulation of hemeoxygenase-1, glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione peroxidase and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), while they inhibit NF-kappaB and decrease lipid peroxidation. It shows that there is a potential cross talk between NF-kappaB and Nrf2, an important cytoprotective transcription factor in the presence of these compounds. Moreover, in order for drugs to be effective in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, they must be capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier, whereas more than 98% of all potential central nervous system drugs don't cross. Using a reliable model based on the artificial neural network indicated that these compounds satisfy this requirement.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Solaleh Khoramian
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tusi
authors.forename: Niloufar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.forename: Azim Dehghani
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Amirabad
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shafiee
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khodagholi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D014227:Triazines; C093444:1,2,4-triazine