title: Is rhinorrhea an under-recognized intrinsic symptom of Parkinson disease? A prospective pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to compare the prevalence of idiopathic rhinorrhea in PD patients versus controls, to determine the correlation between rhinorrhea and anosmia, and the factors associated with rhinorrhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 61 PD patients and 51 age-matched controls completed a survey about rhinorrhea and underwent the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). We compared the prevalence of idiopathic rhinorrhea in the PD patients versus controls, the correlation between rhinorrhea and anosmia in PD patients, and the factors associated with rhinorrhea in the PD patients. The results of the study are that 6% of controls versus 24% of PD patients had rhinorrhea (p = .03); moreover, only 2% of controls versus 15% of PD patients had severe rhinorrhea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rhinorrhea is more prevalent in PD patients compared to controls and it does not significantly impact performance on a smell test.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sedig
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leibner
authors.forename: Amit L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ramjit
authors.forename: Samuel S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Okun
authors.forename: Ramon L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Irene A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Malaty
authors.forename: Hubert H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Fernandez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index