title: Plant proteins as binders in cellulosic paper composites.
abstract: Plant proteins are used - for the first time - in this work as bulk binders for cellulosic fibers in paper composites. Soy bean protein and wheat gluten were denatured by two methods, namely by: urea+NaOH and by urea+NaOH+acrylamide. Addition of increased amounts of the denatured proteins resulted in a significant increase in all paper strength properties. Soy protein led, in addition, to a remarkable enhancement in opacity. The use of proteins increased kaolin retention in the paper composites, while keeping the paper strength higher than the blank protein-free paper. The results show that plant proteins are favorable than synthetic adhesives; because they are biodegradable and do not cause troubles in paper recycling i.e. they are environmentally friendly.
authors.affiliation: Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Center, Sh. El-Tahrir, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. profdrfahmy@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Yehia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fahmy
authors.forename: Nahla A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: El-Wakil
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: El-Gendy
authors.forename: Ragab E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Abou-Zeid
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Youssef
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods; D005983:Glutens / Q000737:chemistry*; D007616:Kaolin / Q000737:chemistry; D010209:Paper; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D030262:Soybean Proteins; D007616:Kaolin; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D005983:Glutens; D014508:Urea; D002482:Cellulose