title: Long-term efficacy and safety of combined prolonged-release oxycodone and naloxone in the management of non-cancer chronic pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess safety and efficacy of fixed combination oxycodone prolonged release (PR)/naloxone PR in terms of both analgesia and improving opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD) and associated symptoms, such as opioid-induced constipation (OIC), in adults with chronic non-cancer pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  These were open-label extension studies in which patients who had previously completed a 12-week, double-blind study received oxycodone PR/naloxone PR for up to 52 weeks. The analgesia study assessed pain using the modified Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF). The bowel function study assessed improvements in constipation using the Bowel Function Index (BFI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At open-label baseline in the analgesia study (n = 379), mean score [+/- standard deviation (SD)] for the BPI-SF item 'average pain over the last 24 h' was 3.9 +/- 1.52, and this remained low at 6 months (3.7 +/- 1.59) and 12 months (3.8 +/- 1.72). Mean scores for BPI-SF item 'sleep interference', and the BPI-SF 'pain' and 'interference with activities' subscales also remained low throughout the 52-week study. In the bowel function study (n = 258), mean BFI score (+/- SD) decreased from 35.6 +/- 27.74 at the start of the extension study to 20.6 +/- 24.01 after 12 months of treatment with oxycodone PR/naloxone PR. Pain scores also remained low and stable during this study. Adverse events in both extension phases were consistent with those associated with opioid therapy; no additional safety concerns were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from these two open-label extension studies demonstrate the long-term efficacy and tolerability of fixed combination oxycodone PR/naloxone PR in the treatment of chronic pain. Patients experienced clinically relevant improvements in OIBD while receiving effective analgesic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sandner-Kiesling
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leyendecker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hopp
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tarau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lejcko
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meissner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sevcik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hakl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hrib
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uhl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dürr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reimer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003248:Constipation / Q000139:chemically induced; D003672:Defecation / Q000187:drug effects; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009270:Naloxone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; C557247:oxycodone naloxone combination; D009270:Naloxone; D010098:Oxycodone