title: Charge carriers injection/extraction at the metal-polymer interface and its influence in the capacitive microelectromechanical systems-switches actuation voltage.
abstract: Opposite results concerning the sign of the parasitic charge accumulated at the metal dielectric contact in RF microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) capacitive switches are found in the literature. The mechanism concerning charge injection/extraction at the metal-dielectric contact and its influence on the pull-in voltage needs to be further clarified. A model-switch, for which only one dimension is in the microns range, is used to study the behaviour of a capacitive RF MEMS switch. The aim is to analyze how the electric charge is injected/extracted into or from the dielectric material under the applied field and to obtain realistic data to understand how this parasitic charge influences the pull-in voltage Vpi and the pull-off voltage Vpo. A triangle voltage is employed to measure Vpi and Vpo, by measuring the isothermal charging/discharging currents. Our results demonstrate that Vpi is strongly dependent on the injected/extracted charge on the free surface of the dielectric. The charge injected/extracted at the bottom side of the dielectric has no influence on the actuation voltage. The charge injected/extracted on the free surface of the dielectric determines an increase of the modulus of Vpi and, eventually, the switch can fail to actuate. An estimation of the charge stored into the material was obtained (i) by measuring the charging current and the discharging current and (ii) from the value of the Vpi. The parasitic charge necessary to keep the bridge stick to the insulator is 5.3 x 10(-4) C m(-2) for our experimental conditions. The modification of the Vpi determined by the stored charge in the dielectric is analyzed. An increase of the relative dielectric permittivity by a factor of 2 produces a decrease of the actuation voltage of 10%. A variation of 30% in the elastic constant determines a variation of about 20% in the Vpi. A voltage threshold for charge injection/extraction was not observed.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, CENIMAT Centro de Investigação de Materiais, 13N, Instituto de Nanoestruturas, Nanomodelação e Nanofabricação, FCT-UNL, 2829-516 Campus de Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Neagu
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: M Carmo
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lança
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Igreja
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Inácio
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Marat-Mendes