title: [Analgesic effect of intra-artcular fentanyl in knee arthroscopy to treat patellofemoral lateral hyperpressure syndrome].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During arthroscopy for the treatment of patellofemoral lateral hyper-pressure syndrome (LHS), intra-articular morphine or its derivatives (fentanyl) may reduce postoperative pain when combined with anesthetics. We therefore decided to determine whether adding fentanyl to epinephrine and bupivacaine produced an increased analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly distributed 40 patients into two groups. The experimental group (n=20) was given 0.5% bupivacaine (2 mg/kg), epinephrine (100 microg) and fentanyl (2.5 microg/kg). The control group (n=20) received 0.5% bupivacaine (2 mg/kg) and epinephrine (100 microg). Patients underwent chondroplasty and retinacular release, and we assessed pain, time of analgesia and postoperative range of motion at postoperative hours 6 and 24.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age and the grade of patellofemoral chondromalacia (PFC) were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). No differences were found in pain and ranges of motion intraoperatively and at postoperative hours 6 and 24 (p > 0.05) between both groups. The postoperative analgesia time was similar (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding intra-articular fentanyl to the combination of epinephrine plus bupivacaine did not decrease pain, and did not increase neither the analgesia time nor the range of motion in patients with LHS undergoing knee arthroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Salud del Estado de Aguascalientes, México.
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Mendoza
authors.forename: José J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pérez-Correa
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Serna-Vela
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Góngora-Ortega
authors.forename: Ventura
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vilchis-Huerta
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pérez-Guzmán
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernández-Garduño
authors.forename: Francisco Alberto
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Vidal-Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001182:Arthroscopy; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D046789:Chondromalacia Patellae / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine