title: SIRT2 inhibition achieves neuroprotection by decreasing sterol biosynthesis.
abstract: Huntington's disease (HD), an incurable neurodegenerative disorder, has a complex pathogenesis including protein aggregation and the dysregulation of neuronal transcription and metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) achieves neuroprotection in cellular and invertebrate models of HD. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of SIRT2 in a striatal neuron model of HD resulted in gene expression changes including significant down-regulation of RNAs responsible for sterol biosynthesis. Whereas mutant huntingtin fragments increased sterols in neuronal cells, SIRT2 inhibition reduced sterol levels via decreased nuclear trafficking of SREBP-2. Importantly, manipulation of sterol biosynthesis at the transcriptional level mimicked SIRT2 inhibition, demonstrating that the metabolic effects of SIRT2 inhibition are sufficient to diminish mutant huntingtin toxicity. These data identify SIRT2 inhibition as a promising avenue for HD therapy and elucidate a unique mechanism of SIRT2-inhibitor-mediated neuroprotection. Furthermore, the ascertainment of SIRT2's role in regulating cellular metabolism demonstrates a central function shared with other sirtuin proteins.
authors.affiliation: Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. ruth.luthi-carter@epfl.ch
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luthi-Carter
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pallos
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amore
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Hilary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moffitt
authors.forename: Donna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Runne
authors.forename: Ozgun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gokce
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: Zhongmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Michele M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: Gillian P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: Leslie M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: J Lawrence
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: Aleksey G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kazantsev
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans; D004330:Drosophila; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056565:Sirtuin 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013261:Sterols / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C497390:SREBF2 protein, human; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2; D013261:Sterols; D056565:Sirtuin 2