title: The interaction between aggrecan gene VNTR polymorphism and cigarette smoking in predicting incident symptomatic intervertebral disc degeneration.
abstract: An association between the aggrecan variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and the disc degeneration has been previously reported in Finnish men, and smoking had previously been suspected of causing disc degeneration. However, the interaction between aggrecan gene VNTR polymorphism and smoking in symptomatic intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) has not been well studied. To examine the interaction between aggrecan gene VNTR and smoking in the susceptibility of symptomatic IDD of Chinese Han in northern China, intervertebral discs of 132 participants were evaluated on magnetic resonance imaging, using decreased signal intensity. After harvesting the blood samples, the aggrecan gene VNTR region was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data indicated that between the two groups, participants carrying one or two alleles ≤25 repeats who did not smoke showed a 1.102-fold increased risk for symptomatic IDD (p= 0.855; 95% confidence interval 0.389-3.119), and participants carrying two alleles >25 repeats who smoked more than 1 pack-year showed a 1.013-fold higher risk (p = 0.982; 95% confidence interval 0.333-3.084), whereas participants carrying one or two alleles ≤25 repeats who smoked more than 1 pack-year showed a 4.5-fold increased risk for symptomatic IDD (p = 0.005; 95% confidence interval 1.589-12.743). Overall, we observed an underlying additive and multiplicative interaction between the aggrecan gene VNTR polymorphism and smoking in symptomatic IDD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Dwight
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: Guanjun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D053674:Aggrecans / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C508319:ACAN protein, human; D053674:Aggrecans