title: Isolation and characterization of hepatic cancer cells with stem-like properties from hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Major burdens in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the high percentage of recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy. Hepatic cancer stem cells provide a reservoir of cells that can self-renew, maintain the tumor by generating differentiated non-stem cells which make up the bulk of the tumor and are responsible for recurrence after ablative surgery and chemoradiotherapy. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize a self-renewing subpopulation of human liver tumor cells with a distinctive genetic profile that adds the capacity to proliferate despite chemotherapy and promotes cancer recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stemness properties of tumor cells isolated from a HCC biopsy were established by their capacity to form spheroids and by cell proliferation assays. The cells also showed enhanced chemoresistance to cancer drugs. The up-regulation of stem cell markers is proven by immunocytochemistry stainings and reverse transcription-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cells had a high proliferative potential, even when cultured in medium supplemented with doxorubicin and carboplatin, eliminated Rhodamine 123 immediately in culture and also formed spheroids in suspension. Molecular diagnosis techniques showed that cells expressed the stem cell markers Oct 3/4 and CXCR4. Cells were also positive for CD133 and CD90 cancer stem cell specific markers, with monoclonal antibody staining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unique characteristics identified in cancer stem cells explain self-renewal and could drive metastasis in patients that have received treatment for cancer. The identification and cloning of such cells can aid in developing of better therapeutic approaches for patients with HCC, as chemosensitive pretherapeutic assays or targeted therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Immunology, Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta Comprehensive Cancer Center, 34-36 Republicii Str, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania. ciprian_tomuleasa@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ciprian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomuleasa
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Soritau
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rus-Ciuca
authors.forename: Teodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pop
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Todea
authors.forename: Ofelia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mosteanu
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pintea
authors.forename: Vasile
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Foris
authors.forename: Sergiu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Susman
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kacsó
authors.forename: Alexandru
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irimie
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002469:Cell Separation; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005838:Genotype; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020112:Rhodamine 123 / Q000378:metabolism; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D006023:Glycoproteins; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens; D020112:Rhodamine 123; D004317:Doxorubicin; D016190:Carboplatin