title: Induction patterns of new CYP1 genes in environmentally exposed rainbow trout.
abstract: The cytochrome P4501 (CYP1) gene family comprises four subfamilies in fish: CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP1C, and CYP1D. Only two CYP1 genes, CYP1A1 and CYP1A3, are so far known in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The present study aimed to identify other CYP1 subfamily genes in rainbow trout, to establish methods for quantitative mRNA expression analysis of these genes, and to determine their basal and induced mRNA expression in gills and liver. Another goal was to examine their mRNA expression in environmentally exposed fish. We cloned four new transcripts, denoted rbCYP1B1, rbCYP1C1, rbCYP1C2, and rbCYP1C3. Levels of these and the previously known rbCYP1A transcripts were determined by real-time PCR in unexposed fish, fish exposed to the potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126), and fish caged in various waters in the Uppsala region (Sweden). The mRNA expression patterns observed in unexposed rainbow trout (basal levels) were markedly similar to those reported for orthologous genes in other species. All six transcripts were induced by PCB126 in gills and liver, suggesting all genes to be AhR regulated. The caged fish showed clear rbCYP1 induction in gills at all monitoring sites (up to 70-fold the basal level), whereas the liver responses were weak; induction (up to 5-fold) was recorded only at the Uppsala municipal sewage treatment plant outlet. Gill filament EROD activity was induced at all caging sites. Most interestingly, the rbCYP1 gene response patterns in gills differed among caging sites and among subfamilies. The EROD induction seemed to only reflect induction of rbCYP1A transcription. Response patterns of multiple CYP1 genes in gills and liver could provide an improved monitoring strategy. Such patterns could be used to characterize complex mixtures of AhR agonists and antagonists in aquatic environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Toxicology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, Uppsala, Sweden. maria.jonsson@ebc.uu.se
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Jared V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Goldstone
authors.forename: Ingvar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brandt
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005880:Gills / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000633:toxicity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; C023035:3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl