title: Carbohydrate vaccines: developing sweet solutions to sticky situations?
abstract: Recent technological advances in glycobiology and glycochemistry are paving the way for a new era in carbohydrate vaccine design. This is enabling greater efficiency in the identification, synthesis and evaluation of unique glycan epitopes found on a plethora of pathogens and malignant cells. Here, we review the progress being made in addressing challenges posed by targeting the surface carbohydrates of bacteria, protozoa, helminths, viruses, fungi and cancer cells for vaccine purposes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. rastrono@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: Rena D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Astronomo
authors.forename: Dennis R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Burton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015195:Drug Design; D000939:Epitopes; D006001:Glycoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D054794:Glycomics / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D014612:Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D000939:Epitopes; D006001:Glycoconjugates; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014612:Vaccines