title: A low antigen dose selectively promotes expansion of high-avidity autoreactive T cells with distinct phenotypic characteristics: a study of human autoreactive CD4+T cells specific for GAD65.
abstract: T cells specific for pancreatic islet proteins can be detected in type 1 diabetes patients and at-risk individuals, suggesting a failure of the central tolerance and negative selection. We addressed the question, how antigen dose shapes the diversity of CD4+ autoreactive T cells specific for glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) in a healthy HLA-DR*0404+ individual, with a persistent GAD65-specific T-cell response. CD4+T cells from this subject were stimulated with decreasing concentrations of the GAD65 555-567 (557I) peptide, and T-cell clones were derived from the tetramer-binding cell population. Functional and structural avidity, TcR-Vβ usage, and cytokine profiles were investigated at a clonal level. T-cell clones established with a low antigen dose (0.1 and 1 μg/ml) displayed higher avidity in contrast to the clones established with the highest antigen dose (10 μg/ml; Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.003 and 0.006, respectively). The T-cell clones stimulated with the lowest peptide dose also had a higher tetramer-binding affinity than clones stimulated with the highest dose (p = 0.026). The majority (60.0%) of the high-avidity clones expressed TcR-Vβ5.1 chain whereas only one (12.5%) low-avidity clone did. All clones displayed Th0/Th2 cytokine profiles, but intermediate and high-avidity clones produced more IL-10 than low-avidity clones (p = 0.032). The results demonstrate an important role of the antigen dose in the determination of characteristics of the responding T-cell repertoire. High IL-13 and IL-10 production by GAD65-reactive T cells suggests a more anti-inflammatory profile of this healthy individual underlying protection from T1D.
authors.affiliation: Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. viveka.oling@utu.fi
authors.forename: Viveka
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Oling
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geubtner
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ilonen
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reijonen
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase