title: Three-dimensional computer-controlled acoustic pressure scanning and quantification of focused ultrasound.
abstract: We propose an automated needle hydrophone-based scanning system to measure high-resolution 3-D acoustic pressure distributions generated by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The hardware consists of a host computer, subsystems for HIFU generation, and an oscilloscope to sample the pressure response from a sensor in a water tank. Software was developed to control the hardware subsystems, to search for the initial scan position, and to design the scanning path and volume. A preoperative scanning plan with three perpendicular planes is used to manipulate the position of the HIFU transducer and to automate the acquisition of the spatial acoustic pressure distribution. The post-processing process displays the scanning results, compensates time delays caused by continuous linear scans, and quantifies the focal region. A method to minimize the displacement error induced by the time delay improves the scanning speed of a conventional needle hydrophone-based scanning system. Moreover, a noise-robust, automatic-focus searching algorithm using Gaussian function fitting reduces the total number of iterations and prevents the initial scanning position search from diverging. Finally, the minimum-volume enclosing ellipsoid approximation is used to quantify the size and orientation of the 3-D focal region thresholded by the minimum pressure of interest for various input conditions and to test the reproducibility of the scanning system.
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan. jhseo@nml.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Joonho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshinaka
authors.forename: Naohikoa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nomiya
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsuishi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D057086:High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014159:Transducers; D014584:User-Computer Interface