title: Clinical effectiveness of steroid pulse therapy combined with tonsillectomy in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy presenting glomerular haematuria and minimal proteinuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effectiveness of steroid pulse therapy combined with tonsillectomy (ST) has been shown in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) patients with moderate or severe urinary abnormalities. The present study aimed to clarify whether the effectiveness may be extrapolated to IgAN with minor urinary abnormalities, and whether the effectiveness may depend on the histological severity with minor urinary abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 388 IgAN patients diagnosed by renal biopsies between 1987 and 2000 in Sendai Shakaihoken Hospital, who presented glomerular haematuria and minimal proteinuria (<or=0.5 g/day) at baseline, were analyzed. Cox regression was used to examine associations between baseline use of ST and subsequent clinical remission (CR), defined as negative proteinuria by dipstick and urinary erythrocytes of less than 1/high-power field. The instrumental variable method was also used to overcome confounding by treatment indication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow up of 24 months, we observed 170 CR cases. Patients receiving ST were younger and showed a better case-mix profile. Patients with ST had a significantly higher rate of CR than patients without tonsillectomy or steroid pulse in an unadjusted (hazard ratio (HR) = 5.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.33-9.12, P < 0.001) or adjusted Cox model (HR = 4.65, 95% CI = 2.43-8.88, P < 0.001). Less severe histological findings were substantially associated with higher CR rate in ST group. Adjusting for confounding by treatment indication showed an attenuated but still significant effect of ST (HR = 3.10, 95% CI = 2.02-4.77, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ST significantly increased the probability of CR in IgAN patients with glomerular haematuria and minimal proteinuria, and it was more effective in those with less severe histological findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Research, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. kawatake45@gmail.com
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ieiri
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashino
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taguma
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hotta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D020551:Pulse Therapy, Drug; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014068:Tonsillectomy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011239:Prednisolone; D008775:Methylprednisolone