title: AP-1 (Fra-1/c-Jun)-mediated induction of expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 is required for 15S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid-induced angiogenesis.
abstract: To understand the involvement of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE)-induced angiogenesis, we have studied the role of MMP-2. 15(S)-HETE induced MMP-2 expression and activity in a time-dependent manner in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMVECs). Inhibition of MMP-2 activity or depletion of its levels attenuated 15(S)-HETE-induced HDMVEC migration, tube formation, and Matrigel plug angiogenesis. 15(S)-HETE also induced Fra-1 and c-Jun expression in a Rac1-MEK1-JNK1-dependent manner. In addition, 15(S)-HETE-induced MMP-2 expression and activity were mediated by Rac1-MEK1-JNK1-dependent activation of AP-1 (Fra-1/c-Jun). Cloning and site-directed mutagenesis of MMP-2 promoter revealed that AP-1 site proximal to the transcriptional start site is required for 15(S)-HETE-induced MMP-2 expression, and Fra-1 and c-Jun are the essential components of AP-1 that bind to MMP-2 promoter in response to 15(S)-HETE. Hind limb ischemia led to an increase in MEK1 and JNK1 activation and Fra-1, c-Jun, and MMP-2 expression resulting in enhanced neovascularization and recovery of blood perfusion in wild-type mice as compared with 12/15-Lox(-/-) mice. Together, these results provide the first direct evidence for a role of 12/15-Lox-12/15(S)-HETE axis in the regulation of ischemia-induced angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA.
authors.forename: Nikhlesh K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Dong Van
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Quyen
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kundumani-Sridharan
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Gadiparthi N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002465:Cell Movement; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D007511:Ischemia; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D000099169:Fos-Related Antigen 1
chemical_list: D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D000099169:Fos-Related Antigen 1; C025984:15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid