title: A conformal, bio-interfaced class of silicon electronics for mapping cardiac electrophysiology.
abstract: In all current implantable medical devices such as pacemakers, deep brain stimulators, and epilepsy treatment devices, each electrode is independently connected to separate control systems. The ability of these devices to sample and stimulate tissues is hindered by this configuration and by the rigid, planar nature of the electronics and the electrode-tissue interfaces. Here, we report the development of a class of mechanically flexible silicon electronics for multiplexed measurement of signals in an intimate, conformal integrated mode on the dynamic, three-dimensional surfaces of soft tissues in the human body. We demonstrate this technology in sensor systems composed of 2016 silicon nanomembrane transistors configured to record electrical activity directly from the curved, wet surface of a beating porcine heart in vivo. The devices sample with simultaneous submillimeter and submillisecond resolution through 288 amplified and multiplexed channels. We use this system to map the spread of spontaneous and paced ventricular depolarization in real time, at high resolution, on the epicardial surface in a porcine animal model. This demonstration is one example of many possible uses of this technology in minimally invasive medical devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viventi
authors.forename: Dae-Hyeong
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Yun-Soung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Annetta
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Jianliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Younggang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Callans
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Litt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids; D054849:Cardiac Electrophysiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004560:Electricity; D004581:Electronics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D018583:Pliability; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry*; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D012825:Silicon