title: Whole chromosome elimination and chromosome terminus elimination both contribute to somatic differentiation in Taiwanese hagfish Paramyxine sheni.
abstract: Chromosome elimination is a process in which some chromatins are discarded from the presumptive somatic cells during early embryogenesis. Eliminated chromatins in hagfish generally consist of repetitive sequences, and they are highly heterochromatinized in germ cells. In this study, we characterized four novel eliminated DNA families, EEPs1-4, from the Taiwanese hagfish Paramyxine sheni. Sequences of these four elements occupied 20-27% of eliminated DNA in total, and each family was arranged mainly in tandem in the germline genome with high copy numbers. Although most of these elements were eliminated, a minor fraction remained in somatic cells. Some eliminated DNA families are shared as eliminated sequences between Eptatretidae and Myxinidae. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of these elements showed that not only heterochromatic chromosomes but also both ends of euchromatic chromosomes in germ cells are absent in somatic cells of P. sheni. It strongly suggests that chromosome terminus elimination, in addition to whole chromosome elimination, contributes to somatic chromosome differentiation. Telomere-FISH further showed that chromosome fragmentation and the subsequent de novo addition of telomeric repeats are the likely mechanisms underlying chromosome terminus elimination. These characteristics make it indispensable to study the evolution and mechanisms underlying chromosome elimination in hagfish.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Kenji K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayakawa
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Higashide
authors.forename: Chiemi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hamanaka
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: Ikuyo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koeda
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Motoharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shichiri
authors.forename: Sei-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Souichirou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D006196:Hagfishes / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D013624:Taiwan; D016615:Telomere / Q000235:genetics*