title: Three-dimensional digital subtraction angiographic evaluation of aneurysm remnants after clip placement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aneurysm remnants rate was evaluated via three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (3D-DSA) in the postoperative evaluation of clipped aneurysms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on surgically clipped aneurysms of anterior circulation obtained via postoperative 3D-DSA from February 2007 to March 2009 were gathered. The results of the postoperative 3D-DSA and of two-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (2D-DSA) for the detection of aneurysm remnants were compared, and an investigation was performed as to why 2D-DSA had missed some aneurysm remnants that were detected in the 3D-DSA. Various surgical factors that revealed aneurysm remnants in the 3D-DSA were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 39 neck remnants of 202 clipped aneurysms (19.3%) were confirmed in 3D-DSA, and these were classified according to Sindou's classification of aneurysm remnants. Patients with only a neck remnant found in the 3D-DSA represented 17.3% (35/202 aneurysms) of the whole series, and those with a residuum of neck plus sac found in the 3D-DSA represented 1.9% (4/202 aneurysms). The causes of aneurysm remnants were no full visualization (14/39, 35.9%), parent and perforator artery protection (10/39, 25.6%), clip design problems (8/39, 20.5%), and broad-necked aneurysm (7/39, 17.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with </= 2 mm aneurysm remnants showed an increased risk of undetectable aneurysm remnants in the 2D-DSA. The most frequent location of the missed aneurysm in 2D-DSA was the anterior communicating artery. 3D-DSA showed more aneurysm remnants than what is indicated in the existing literature, the 2D-DSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Daegu Catholic University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Soon-Seob
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Young-Don
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Kim