title: Losses and phase constant changes caused by bends in the general class of hollow waveguides for the infrared.
abstract: It is shown that losses and phase constants in the general class of 2-D bent hollow waveguides are expressed by only one normalized parameter including the core width and the bending radius. Numerical analysis is made to obtain losses and phase constants, and simple approximate formulas are presented for several lower-order modes with reasonable accuracy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawakami