title: Is sleep disturbed in pregnancy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess features of sleep among pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective cohort study of low-risk pregnant women in a tertiary perinatal centre (CHUS) in Eastern Townships, Quebec. Sleep was assessed during the second trimester (mean gestational age 16.1 +/- 3.0 weeks) (T2) and third trimester (mean gestational age 27.5 +/- 1.8 weeks) (T3) using a validated self-administered questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Scores in this index range from 0 to 21, representing the cumulative scoring of seven sleep components. Subjects with a score > 5 were identified as "poor sleepers." Descriptive, bivariate, and regression analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 260 consenting women, 192 (73.6%) had a term delivery without any adverse outcome. There were no differences in sleep parameters between pregnancies with adverse outcome and without adverse outcome. Mean overall PSQI scores showed evidence of deterioration in sleep quality from T2 (5.26 +/- 3.16) to T3 (6.73 +/- 4.02; P < 0.01). This deterioration was displayed in five of seven sleep components (P < 0.01). Scores in the "poor sleeper" range were recorded by 36% of women in T2 and 56%, of women in T3 (P < 0.01). "Poor sleep" in T2 and T3 was associated with low or high weight gain (P < 0.01), annual family income < $40,000 (P = 0.03), and single motherhood (P < 0.01). There was a trend for a seasonal influence on sleep scores (P = 0.08). The only predictor of poor sleep using multivariate analysis was single motherhood (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep is disturbed in early pregnancy and is worse in the third trimester. Interventions to improve sleep should be sought to optimize quality of life for pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke QC.
authors.forename: Kentia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naud
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke QC.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouellet
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche Clinique Etienne-Le Bel du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke QC, Fleurimont QC.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke QC.
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pasquier
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke QC.
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moutquin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D016014:Linear Models; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D015406:Single Parent; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015430:Weight Gain