Nonequilibrium fluctuation relations in a quantum coherent conductor.
We experimentally demonstrate the validity of nonequilibrium fluctuation relations by using a quantum coherent conductor. In equilibrium the fluctuation-dissipation relation leads to the correlation between current and current noise at the conductor, namely, the Johnson-Nyquist relation. When the conductor is voltage biased so that the nonlinear regime is entered, the fluctuation theorem has predicted similar nonequilibrium fluctuation relations, which hold true even when the Onsager-Casmir relations are broken in magnetic fields. Our experiments qualitatively validate the predictions as the first evidence of this theorem in the nonequilibrium quantum regime.
Nakamura
Shuji
S
Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
Yamauchi
Yoshiaki
Y
Hashisaka
Masayuki
M
Chida
Kensaku
K
Kobayashi
Kensuke
K
Ono
Teruo
T
Leturcq
Renaud
R
Ensslin
Klaus
K
Saito
Keiji
K
Utsumi
Yasuhiro
Y
Gossard
Arthur C
AC