title: Healthier vending machines in workplaces: both possible and effective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop healthier vending guidelines and assess their effect on the nutrient content and sales of snack products sold through hospital vending machines, and on staff satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nutrition guidelines for healthier vending machine products were developed and implemented in 14 snack vending machines at two hospital sites in Auckland, New Zealand. The guidelines comprised threshold criteria for energy, saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content of vended foods. Sales data were collected prior to introduction of the guidelines (March-May 2007), and again post-introduction (March-May 2008). A food composition database was used to assess impact of the intervention on nutrient content of purchases. A staff survey was also conducted pre- and post-intervention to assess acceptability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-intervention, 16% of staff used vending machines once a week or more, with little change post-intervention (15%). The guidelines resulted in a substantial reduction in the amount of energy (-24%), total fat (-32%), saturated fat (-41%), and total sugars (-30%) per 100 g product sold. Sales volumes were not affected, and the proportion of staff satisfied with vending machine products increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of nutrition guidelines in hospital vending machines led to substantial improvements in nutrient content of vending products sold. Wider implementation of these guidelines is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Delvina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gorton
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Branko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cvjetan
authors.forename: Cliona
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ni Mhurchu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D005502:Food / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D005509:Food Dispensers, Automatic / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005518:Food Preferences; D005523:Food Supply / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006761:Hospitals / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D009520:New Zealand; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017132:Workplace