title: Endoscopic laterofixation in bilateral vocal cords paralysis in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vocal cords paralysis is the second most frequent cause of laryngeal stridor in children. Symptoms of congenital vocal cords paralysis can occur shortly after birth or later. Vocal cords paralysis can be unilateral or bilateral. Symptoms of unilateral paralysis include hoarse weeping or stridor during a deep inhalation. In children unilateral vocal cords paralysis often retreats spontaneously or can be completely compensated. Children with bilateral vocal cords paralysis present mainly breathing disorders while phonation is normal. Symptoms are different, starting from complete occlusion of respiratory tracts and ending on small symptoms connected with the lack of effort tolerance. When symptoms are severe, patients from this group require a tracheotomy. The lack of restoration of normal function of vocal cords or lack of complete compensation and maintenance of symptoms are an indication for surgical treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to present results of the treatment of bilateral vocal cords paralysis in children using the endoscopic method of laterofixation of vocal cords.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the Pediatric ENT Department between 1998 and 2009 sixty four children with dyspnoea and/or phonation disorders caused by vocal cords paralysis were treated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In ten cases laterofixation of vocal cords was performed, in most cases with good result. In this article the authors present the method of endoscopic laterofixation and achieved results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic laterofixation of vocal cords in children is a safe and an easy method of surgical treatment of bilateral vocal cords paralysis. This method can be used as a first and often as a one stage treatment of vocal cords paralysis. In some cases this procedure is insufficient and has to be completed with other methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Warsaw Medical University, Poland. zawadzkaglos@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Zawadzka-Glos
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Lidia
authors.forename: Frackiewicz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magdalena
authors.forename: Chmielik
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mieczyslaw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D055154:Dysphonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D053831:Surgical Fixation Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016707:Tissue Fixation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*