Measure and countermeasure: type I IFN (IFN-alpha/beta) antiviral response against West Nile virus.
As a first line of defense after viral infection, host cells develop an intrinsic immune response to control virus dissemination and protect against serious infection. Recent experiments have shown a dominant role of the IFN-alpha/beta response in protection against lethal West Nile virus (WNV) by limiting the cellular and tissue tropism of infection. This review will focus on advances in identifying the host sensors that detect WNV and the adaptor molecules and signaling pathways that regulate the induction of IFN-alpha/beta defenses that limit WNV replication, spread and pathogenesis.
Daffis
Stephane
S
Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Suthar
Mehul S
MS
Gale
Michael
M
Diamond
Michael S
MS
D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000821:virology; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D016899:Interferon-beta