title: PhoY2 but not PhoY1 is the PhoU homologue involved in persisters in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mycobacterial persistence is thought to be the underlying cause of the current lengthy tuberculosis therapy and latent infection. Despite some recent progress, the mechanisms of bacterial persistence are poorly understood. We have recently identified a new persister gene phoU from Escherichia coli and have shown that the phoU mutant has a defect in persisters. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of two phoU homologues phoY1 and phoY2 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mycobacterial persistence.
  
  
  METHODS
  M. tuberculosis phoY1 and phoY2 mutant strains were constructed. The persister-related phenotypes of the phoY1 and phoY2 mutants were assessed in vitro by MIC testing, drug exposure assays and also by survival in the mouse model of tuberculosis infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrated that M. tuberculosis PhoY2 is the equivalent of E. coli PhoU in that inactivation of phoY2 but not phoY1 caused a defect in persistence phenotype as shown by increased susceptibility to rifampicin and pyrazinamide in both MIC testing and drug exposure assays and also reduced persistence in the mouse model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides further validation that PhoU is involved in persistence not only in E. coli but also in M. tuberculosis and has implications for the development of new drugs targeting persisters for improved treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Wanliang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D037521:Virulence Factors; C050770:phoU protein, E coli; D011718:Pyrazinamide; D012293:Rifampin