title: Dual sites of protein initiation control the localization and myristoylation of methionine sulfoxide reductase A.
abstract: Methionine sulfoxide reductase A is an essential enzyme in the antioxidant system, which scavenges reactive oxygen species through cyclic oxidation and reduction of methionine and methionine sulfoxide. In mammals, one gene encodes two forms of the reductase, one targeted to the cytosol and the other to mitochondria. The cytosolic form displays faster mobility than the mitochondrial form, suggesting a lower molecular weight for the former. The apparent size difference and targeting to two cellular compartments had been proposed to result from differential splicing of mRNA. We now show that differential targeting is effected by use of two initiation sites, one of which includes a mitochondrial targeting sequence, whereas the other does not. We also demonstrate that the mass of the cytosolic form is not less than that of the mitochondrial form; the faster mobility of cytosolic form is due to its myristoylation. Lipidation of methionine sulfoxide reductase A occurs in the mouse, in transfected tissue culture cells, and even in a cell-free protein synthesis system. The physiologic role of myristoylation of MsrA remains to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Geumsoo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Nelson B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Jung Chae
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Rodney L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D051150:Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019814:Myristic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013347:Subcellular Fractions
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019814:Myristic Acid; D051150:Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases