title: Labeling human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with indocyanine green for noninvasive tracking with optical imaging: an FDA-compatible alternative to firefly luciferase.
abstract: Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) have demonstrated the ability to improve myocardial function following transplantation into an ischemic heart; however, the functional benefits are transient possibly due to poor cell retention. A diagnostic technique that could visualize transplanted hESC-CMs could help to optimize stem cell delivery techniques. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a labeling technique for hESCs and hESC-CMs with the FDA-approved contrast agent indocyanine green (ICG) for optical imaging (OI). hESCs were labeled with 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/ml of ICG for 30, 45, and 60 min at 37 degrees C. Longitudinal OI studies were performed with both hESCs and hESC-CMs. The expression of surface proteins was assessed with immunofluorescent staining. hESCs labeled with 2 mg ICG/ml for 60 min achieved maximum fluorescence. Longitudinal studies revealed that the fluorescent signal was equivalent to controls at 120 h postlabeling. The fluorescence signal of hESCs and hESC-CMs at 1, 24, and 48 h was significantly higher compared to precontrast data (p < 0.05). Immunocytochemistry revealed retention of cell-specific surface and nuclear markers postlabeling. These data demonstrate that hESCs and hESC-CMs labeled with ICG show a significant fluorescence up to 48 h and can be visualized with OI. The labeling procedure does not impair the viability or functional integrity of the cells. The technique may be useful for assessing different delivery routes in order to improve the engraftment of transplanted hESC-CMs or other stem cell progenitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107-0946, USA. Sophie.Boddington@radiology.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Sophie E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Boddington
authors.forename: Tobias D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Schlieve
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mandrussow
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: DeNardo
authors.forename: Harold S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Carissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ritner
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Golovko
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shoujun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Heike E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Daldrup-Link
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005453:Fluorescence; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D007208:Indocyanine Green