title: VEGF and IL-4 gene variability and its association with the risk of coronary heart disease in north Indian population.
abstract: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic growth factor that has been shown to play a significant role in neovascularization during inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques, formation of collateral vessels to an area of ischemic myocardium and neovascularization at the edges of a myocardial infarction during its repair. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) has important role in immune cell chemotaxis, formation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules and has numerous anti-inflammatory effects which prevent the complications of atherosclerosis, the primary cause of coronary heart disease (CHD). In this study, we have analyzed the effect of 1154 A/G polymorphism of VEGF and 70 bp VNTR polymorphism of intron 3 in IL-4 genes in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients (n = 300) and their age matched controls (n = 300). To analyze polymorphic alleles, ARMS-PCR and RFLP techniques were used. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out with statistical software. GG genotype was associated with a decreased risk of development of CHD (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.12-0.38, P < 0.001). However, A allele showed an increased risk whereas G allele decreased the risk of CHD with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic mental stress and positive familial history of myocardial infarction (MI)/CHD. GG genotype was found to have protective effect with alcohol intake (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14-0.82, P < 0.01) and central obesity (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.04-0.56, P < 0.001). GG genotype of VEGF has also shown significant association with IL-4 (P2P2 and P1P2) genotypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India. rcsobti@pu.ac.in
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sobti
authors.forename: Nishi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maithil
authors.forename: Hitender
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.forename: Yashpaul
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Talwar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D015847:Interleukin-4