title: [The prevalence of combined extra- and intra-cranial artery stenosis in patients with extracranial internal carotid artery occlusive disease.].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The intra-cranial arteries are more affected in Asian ischemic stroke patients. We thought that tandem or diffuse arterial occlusive disease may be more common among patients with extracranial internal carotid artery (ICAex) occlusive disease. In the current study, the frequency of other co-existing extracranial artery (EA) or intracranial artery (IA) stenosis in patients with ICAex occlusive disease and its risk factors were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ninety-eight consecutive patients with ischemic stroke or TIA who were admitted to our hospital from Jan 2001 to May 2008 and who had stenosis (70%) or occlusion of ICAex were enrolled in the study. All the patients were examined with carotid duplex and transcranial Doppler (TCD). Among them, 75 patients were also examined with DSA, 52 patients with intracranial MRA and 25 patients with extra- and intra-cranial CTA. Extracranial artery stenosis or occlusion were diagnosed with DSA/CTA in 93 patients, and with carotid duplex only in 105 patients. Intracranial artery stenosis was diagnosed with DSA/MRA/CTA in 118 patients, and with TCD only in 80 patients. Patients with presumably cardioembolism such as atrial fibrillation were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 198 patients, 172 (86.8%) had other combined EA or IA stenosis. One hundred and thirty-five patients (135/198, 68.2%) had other combined EA stenosis, which were more frequently found in the contralateral ICAex (71/198, 35.9%). One hundred and twenty-three patients (123/198, 62.1%) had combined IA stenosis, which were more frequently found in MCA (75/198, 37.9%). 52 (52/198, 26.3%) had ipsilateral terminal ICA and/or middle cerebral artery stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tandem or diffuse arterial occlusive disease is common among patients with steno-occlusion of ICAex. Therefore, it is important to evaluate other EA and IA stenosis before CEA or CAS in Chinese patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Li-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ying-Huan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal; D016893:Carotid Stenosis; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D020521:Stroke