title: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with early stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting upper and lower motor neurons. Due to relative fast progression of the disease, early diagnosis is essential. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) is used for objectivization of upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions. The aim of this study was to assess the use of (1)H-MRS in the early stages of ALS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with clinically definite (n=2), probable (n=7), and probable laboratory-supported (n=2) diagnosis of ALS with disease duration of less than 14 months were studied. Control group consists of 11 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects. All subjects underwent assessment of functional disability using revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) and single-voxel (1)H-MRS examination of both precentral gyri, pons, medulla oblongata, and occipital lobe. Spectra were evaluated with LCModel software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean disease duration was 6.5 ± 3.5 months. The median ALSFRS-R was 42. Significant decrease between patient and control groups was found in the NAA/Cre ratio in the left and right precentral gyri (p=0.008, p=0.040). Other metabolite ratios in other areas did not show significant differences. Total ALSFRS-R score weakly positively correlated with NAA/Cre ratio in the left precentral gyrus (p=0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1)H-MRS is sensitive to detect metabolic changes caused by neurodegeneration processes during ALS and can be used for detection of UMN dysfunction. These MRS changes in the early stages of ALS are most prominent in motor cortex.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovak Republic. sivakste@gmail.com
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivák
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bittšanský
authors.forename: Egon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kurča
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turčanová-Koprušáková
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grofik
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nosál'
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poláček
authors.forename: Dušan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dobrota
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011522:Protons; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011522:Protons; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003404:Creatinine