title: [Clinical comparative study of five minimally invasive surgeries for upper urinary tract calculi].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), ureteroscopes supple of lens of lithotrity (URSf), ureter forcedly of lens of lithotrity (URSnf), laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and to explore the best methods and indications for treating the complex upper urinary tract calculi.
  
  
  METHODS
  The distribution of cases was as follows: URSnf (n = 869), URSf (n = 56), MPCNL (n = 57), laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (n = 9) and retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (n = 80).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A successful outcome was obtained in URSnf (n = 856), URSf (n = 51), MPCNL (n = 46), laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (n = 9) and retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (n = 75). And the success rate was 98.50%, 91.07%, 80.70%, 100% and 93.75% respectively. Five cases (0.47%) failed and there were not severe complication in all surgery groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If a good indication of each approach is mastered, 5 minimally invasive are relatively safe and highly effective for most patients with complex upper urinary tract calculi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, Center Hospital of Shaoxing County and Shaoxing Hospital, China Medical University, Shaoxing 312030, China.
authors.forename: Li-Hong
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yong-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: De-Shun
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wang-Jiang
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult