title: A chimeric satellite transgene sequence is inefficiently targeted by viroid-induced DNA methylation in tobacco.
abstract: In plants, transgenes containing Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) cDNA sequences were efficient targets of PSTVd infection-mediated RNA-directed DNA methylation. Here, we demonstrate that in PSTVd-infected tobacco plants, a 134 bp PSTVd fragment (PSTVd-134) did not become densely methylated when it was inserted into a chimeric Satellite tobacco mosaic virus (STMV) construct. Only about 4-5% of all cytosines (Cs) of the PSTVd-134 were methylated when flanked by satellite sequences. In the same plants, C methylation was approximately 92% when the PSTVd-134 was in a PSTVd full length sequence context and roughly 33% when flanked at its 3' end by a 19 bp PSTVd and at its 5' end by a short viroid-unrelated sequence. In addition, PSTVd small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) produced from the replicating viroid failed to target PSTVd-134-containing chimeric STMV RNA for degradation. Satellite RNAs appear to have adopted secondary structures that protect them against RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated degradation. Protection can be extended to short non-satellite sequences residing in satellite RNAs, rendering them poor targets for nuclear and cytoplasmic RNAi induced in trans.
authors.affiliation: AlPlanta-Institute for Plant Research, RLP AgroScience GmbH, 67435 Neustadt, Germany.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalakouras
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Gabi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krczal
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wassenegger
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D004274:DNA, Recombinant / Q000235:genetics*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020868:Gene Silencing; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000235:genetics; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D019400:Tobacco mosaic satellite virus / Q000235:genetics*; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics*; D014772:Viroids / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004274:DNA, Recombinant