title: A treatment sequence for phonological alexia/agraphia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Damage to left perisylvian cortex often results in impaired phonological processing abilities with written language profiles consistent with phonological alexia and phonological agraphia. The purpose of this article was to examine a behavioral treatment sequence for such individuals intended to strengthen phonological processing and links between phonology and orthography, as well as train a means to maximize use of residual orthographic and phonological knowledge for spelling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two women with persistent impairments of written language and phonological processing following damage to left perisylvian cortical regions participated in this study. Both exhibited characteristic features of phonological alexia and agraphia in that reading and spelling performance for real words was better preserved than nonwords (lexicality effect). A 2-stage treatment protocol was administered to strengthen sublexical skills (phonological treatment) and to train interactive use of lexical and sublexical information to maximize spelling performance (interactive treatment).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both participants improved phonological processing abilities and reading/spelling via the sublexical route. They also improved spelling of real words and were able to detect and correct most residual errors using an electronic spelling aid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Behavioral treatment served to strengthen phonological skills supporting reading and spelling, and provided a functional compensatory strategy to overcome residual weaknesses.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0071, USA. pelagie@u.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Pélagie M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Beeson
authors.forename: Kindle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rising
authors.forename: Esther S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Steven Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Rapcsak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000381:Agraphia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D007807:Language Tests; D007808:Language Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010700:Phonetics; D011932:Reading; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014956:Writing