title: Diagnostic value of Her-2/neu, Cyfra 21-1, and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in malignant pleural effusions of lung adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cytology fails to detect neoplastic cells in 40-50% of cases of malignant pleural effusion, a condition that frequently accompanies lung adenocarcinoma. Published reports of diagnostic sensitivity of various tumour markers are inconsistent, and optimal cut-off points have not been determined. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of three markers to discriminate lung adenocarcinoma-associated malignant pleural effusion (LAC-MPE) from benign effusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pleural effusion samples were collected from 41 patients with LAC-MPE, and from 93 with various benign conditions. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for Her-2/neu, Cyfra 21-1, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were evaluated. Cut-off points for these markers are optimally set at 3.6 microg/L, 60 microg/L, and 6.0 microg/L, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Her-2/neu, Cyfra 21-1, and CEA vary in their diagnostic accuracy to differentiate LAC-MPE from benign pleural effusion: 79.85%, 88.81%, and 94.03%, respectively. CEA combined with Cyfra 21-1 increases diagnostic sensitivity to 97.6%, with a specificity of 91.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With appropriate cut-off points, CEA currently provides the best diagnostic accuracy. Combining CEA with Cyfra 21-1 increases diagnostic sensitivity to nearly 100%. The results of the present study may help clinicians decide whether to obtain a cytological/histological specimen by invasive means to investigate a possible diagnosis of malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shih-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: Chun-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Cheng-Chuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Chih-En
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053539:Keratin-19 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000378:metabolism*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D053539:Keratin-19; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C102012:antigen CYFRA21.1