title: Halitosis: a review of current literature.
abstract: Halitosis is defined as an unpleasant odor that emanates from the oral cavity with intra-oral and/or extra-oral origins. Fifty percent of people worldwide view themselves as having halitosis, with 90% of the etiology being intra-oral. Dental hygiene practitioners should be knowledgeable about the current classifications, diagnosis and treatment modalities to best meet the needs of patients either self-reporting or diagnosed with this problem. Classification of halitosis, assessment, diagnosis, intra-oral and systemic contributing factors, treatment, management and clinical application are discussed in this review.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Brenda L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sensat
authors.forename: Jill L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stoltenberg
mesh_terms: D006209:Halitosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans