title: Gravity-capillary lumps generated by a moving pressure source.
abstract: The nonlinear wave pattern generated by a localized pressure source moving over a liquid free surface at speeds below the minimum phase speed (c{min}) of linear gravity-capillary waves is investigated experimentally and theoretically. At these speeds, freely propagating fully localized solitary waves, or "lumps," are known theoretically to be possible. For pressure-source speeds far below c{min}, the surface response is a local depression similar to the case with no forward speed. As the speed is increased, a critical value is reached c{c} approximately 0.9c{min} where there is an abrupt transition to a wavelike state that features a steady disturbance similar to a steep lump behind the pressure forcing. As the speed approaches c{min}, a second transition is found; the new state is unsteady and is characterized by continuous shedding of lumps from the tips of a V-shaped pattern.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diorio
authors.forename: Yeunwoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Akylas