title: Direct visualization of deep brain stimulation targets in Parkinson disease with the use of 7-tesla magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A challenge associated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treating advanced Parkinson disease (PD) is the direct visualization of brain nuclei, which often involves indirect approximations of stereotactic targets. In the present study, the authors compared T2*-weighted images obtained using 7-T MR imaging with those obtained using 1.5- and 3-T MR imaging to ascertain whether 7-T imaging enables better visualization of targets for DBS in PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors compared 1.5-, 3-, and 7-T MR images obtained in 11 healthy volunteers and 1 patient with PD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With 7-T imaging, distinct images of the brain were obtained, including the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and internal globus pallidus (GPi). Compared with the 1.5- and 3-T MR images of the STN and GPi, the 7-T MR images showed marked improvements in spatial resolution, tissue contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data in this study reveal the superiority of 7-T MR imaging for visualizing structures targeted for DBS in the management of PD. This finding suggests that by enabling the direct visualization of neural structures of interest, 7-T MR imaging could be a valuable aid in neurosurgical procedures.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea. zcho@gachon.ac.kr
authors.forename: Zang-Hee
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hoon-Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Se-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jae-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chan-Woong
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Je-Geun
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Young-Bo
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sun Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Paek
authors.forename: Andres M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: Kendall H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult