title: Regulation of apoptosis-related molecules by synergistic combination of all-trans retinoic acid and zoledronic acid in hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell lines.
abstract: We report that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in combination with zoledronic acid has strong synergistic cytotoxic and apoptotic effects against human hormone- and drug-refractory prostate cancer cells, PC-3 and DU-145, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We further investigated the effect of the combination treatment on the apoptotic process by both oligoarray and protein array analysis in DU-145 cells, in which the drug combination shows much more strong synergistic effects, as compared to PC-3 cells. Moreover, we have also performed real time-PCR array analysis to validate oligoarray results. We demonstrated that the combination of ATRA and zoledronic acid is a strong inducer of apoptotic related cell death in human androgen-and drug refractory prostate cancer cells DU-145, at either transcriptional or translational levels. While expression of proapoptotic genes such as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), Bad, Bax, Fas, FADD are induced with the exposure of the combination, expression of antiapoptotic genes or proteins such as members of inhibitor apoptosis family (IAPs), MCL-1, LTBR, p53 and bcl-2 are reduced. Because this novel combination treatment has fewer side effects than is generally the case with conventional cytotoxic agents, this regimen may be a good option for treatment of elderly prostate cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Tulay Aktas Oncology Hospital, School of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karabulut
authors.forename: Burcak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.forename: Harika
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Atmaca
authors.forename: Asli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kisim
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uzunoglu
authors.forename: Canfeza
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sezgin
authors.forename: Ruchan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uslu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006728:Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D004164:Diphosphonates; D006728:Hormones; D007093:Imidazoles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014212:Tretinoin; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7