Is thermogenesis a significant causal factor in preventing the "globesity" epidemic?
During the last four decades the world has experienced an epidemic of overweight individuals in affluent as well as developing countries. The WHO has predicted a "globesity epidemic" with more than 1 billion adults being overweight and at least 300 million of these being clinically obese. Obesity among children and adolescents is of great significance. From a global population perspective, this epidemic in weight gain and its sequelae are the largest public health problems identified to date and have very significant adverse implications for population health, and have by now almost reached the proportion of a pandemic. While genetic changes have been discussed as a cause of the epidemic, there has been too little time since its start to enable enough genetic adaptation to take place for this to provide a valid explanation. Traditionally positive energy balance and sedentary life style have been regarded as the primary causal factors; however, these factors have so far failed to provide explanations for the entire problem. For these reasons it seems warranted to investigate other possible co-factors contributing to the "globesity epidemic" and to find efficient strategies to counteract further increases in the size and nature of the epidemic. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a potential preventive co-factor, thermogenesis. Special attention has been paid to the influence of ambient temperature as a grossly neglected factor in the debate. As most people today live and work at ambient temperatures close to their body temperature (the thermal neutral point), we hypothesise that this is an important causal co-factor in the "globesity" epidemic. The hypothesis: The null hypothesis that adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue in adult humans is not significant for weight loss is rejected. We propose the hypothesis that homoeothermic living conditions close to the thermogenic neutral level is an important causal co-factor in the "Globesity" Epidemic.
Hansen
Jens Carl
JC
School of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
Gilman
Andrew P
AP
Odland
Jon Øyvind
JØ
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001831:Body Temperature; D002648:Child; D003906:Developing Countries; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D050177:Overweight; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D015430:Weight Gain; D015431:Weight Loss