title: Integrated PET/CT fusion imaging and endoscopic ultrasound in the pre-operative staging and evaluation of esophageal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accurate staging of esophageal cancer (ECA) is critical in determining appropriate therapy. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) scanning can be used, but limited data exists regarding the use of combined PET/CT fusion imaging and EUS in ECA staging. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of integrated PET/CT imaging and EUS in the staging of ECA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Identification of patients diagnosed with ECA from 2004 to 2007 that underwent staging PET/CT and EUS. Data regarding tumor detection, lymph node identification, presence of metastatic disease, and affect on patient management were collected and compared between PET/CT and EUS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-one patients (65 male, 16 female) were identified with mean age of 63.5 years who underwent EUS and PET/CT to stage known ECA. PET/CT identified the primary tumor in 74/81 (91.4%) of cases, compared to 81/81 (100%) with EUS. Locoregional adenopathy was seen by PET/CT in 29/81 (35.8%) of cases, compared to 49/81 (60.5%) by EUS (p = 0.0001). PET/CT identified celiac axis adenopathy in 8/81 (9.9%) of cases, compared to 11/81 (13.6%) with EUS (p = 0.5050). PET/CT identified 17/81 (21.0%) of patients with distant metastases who subsequently did not undergo attempt at curative surgical resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In ECA, EUS is superior to PET/CT for T staging and in identifying locoregional nodes, while PET/CT provides M staging. EUS and integrated PET/CT appear to independently affect treatment decisions, indicating complimentary and necessary roles in the staging of ECA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, H6/516d Clinical Science Center 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-5124, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Bret J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Spier
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Perlman
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stangl
authors.forename: Terrence J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Frick
authors.forename: Deepak V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Gopal
authors.forename: Mary J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lindstrom
authors.forename: Tracey L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Weigel
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Pfau
mesh_terms: D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed