title: Nonequilibrium fluctuation relations in a quantum coherent conductor.
abstract: We experimentally demonstrate the validity of nonequilibrium fluctuation relations by using a quantum coherent conductor. In equilibrium the fluctuation-dissipation relation leads to the correlation between current and current noise at the conductor, namely, the Johnson-Nyquist relation. When the conductor is voltage biased so that the nonlinear regime is entered, the fluctuation theorem has predicted similar nonequilibrium fluctuation relations, which hold true even when the Onsager-Casmir relations are broken in magnetic fields. Our experiments qualitatively validate the predictions as the first evidence of this theorem in the nonequilibrium quantum regime.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashisaka
authors.forename: Kensaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chida
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leturcq
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ensslin
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Utsumi
authors.forename: Arthur C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gossard