title: Nurse case-manager vs multifaceted intervention to improve quality of osteoporosis care after wrist fracture: randomized controlled pilot study.
abstract: Few outpatients with fractures are treated for osteoporosis in the years following fracture. In a randomized pilot study, we found a nurse case-manager could double rates of osteoporosis testing and treatment compared with a proven efficacious quality improvement strategy directed at patients and physicians (57% vs 28% rates of appropriate care).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Few patients with fractures are treated for osteoporosis. An intervention directed at wrist fracture patients (education) and physicians (guidelines, reminders) tripled osteoporosis treatment rates compared to controls (22% vs 7% within 6 months of fracture). More effective strategies are needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a pilot study that compared a nurse case-manager to the multifaceted intervention using a randomized trial design. The case-manager counseled patients, arranged bone mineral density (BMD) tests, and prescribed treatments. We included controls from our first trial who remained untreated for osteoporosis 1-year post-fracture. Primary outcome was bisphosphonate treatment and secondary outcomes were BMD testing, appropriate care (BMD test-treatment if bone mass low), and costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty six patients untreated 1-year after wrist fracture were randomized to case-manager (n = 21) or multifaceted intervention (n = 25). Median age was 60 years and 68% were female. Six months post-randomization, 9 (43%) case-managed patients were treated with bisphosphonates compared with 3 (12%) multifaceted intervention patients (relative risk [RR] 3.6, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.1-11.5, p = 0.019). Case-managed patients were more likely than multifaceted intervention patients to undergo BMD tests (81% vs 52%, RR 1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.4, p = 0.042) and receive appropriate care (57% vs 28%, RR 2.0, 95%CI 1.0-4.2, p = 0.048). Case-management cost was $44 (CDN) per patient vs $12 for the multifaceted intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A nurse case-manager substantially increased rates of appropriate testing and treatment for osteoporosis in patients at high-risk of future fracture when compared with a multifaceted quality improvement intervention aimed at patients and physicians. Even with case-management, nearly half of patients did not receive appropriate care.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00152321.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 8440-112th Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada. me2.majumdar@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bellerose
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: McAlister
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lier
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Maksymowych
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Morrish
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Rowe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000416:Alberta; D015519:Bone Density; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000191:economics; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000503:physiopathology; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics / Q000503:physiopathology; D058996:Quality Improvement; D014954:Wrist Injuries / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates