title: Solid-state reduction of silver nitrate with polyaniline base leading to conducting materials.
abstract: The polyaniline (PANI) base was ball-milled with silver nitrate in the solid state. Samples were prepared at various mole ratios of silver nitrate to PANI constitutional units ranging from 0 to 1.5 for three processing times, 0, 5, and 10 min. The emeraldine form of PANI was oxidized to pernigraniline, and the silver nitrate was reduced to metallic silver. Nitric acid is a byproduct, which may protonate the residual emeraldine and pernigraniline. The changes occurring in the structure of PANI are discussed on the basis of Fourier transform IR and Raman spectroscopies. Raman spectra revealed the formation of pernigraniline salt. The reaction between the two nonconducting components, emeraldine base and silver nitrate, produced a mixture of two conducting components, emeraldine or pernigraniline nitrate and metallic silver. The accompanying conductivity changes were determined. The increase in the conductivity of the original base, 10(-9) S cm(-1), up to 10(-2) S cm(-1) was found to depend on the mole ratio of silver nitrate to PANI base and on the processing time of the components in the ball mill.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sedenková
authors.forename: Miroslava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trchová
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stejskal
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prokes
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002625:Chemistry, Organic / Q000379:methods*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D008422:Materials Testing; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D011108:Polymers; C416807:polyaniline; D012834:Silver; D012835:Silver Nitrate; D010100:Oxygen; C023650:aniline