Comparative cytotoxicity of Al2O3, CeO2, TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles to human lung cells.
The increased applications of nanoparticles in a wide range of industrial fields raise the concern about their potential toxicity to human. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the toxicity of four different oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3, CeO2, TiO2 and ZnO) to human lung epithelial cells, A549 carcinoma cells and L-132 normal cells, in vitro. We focused on the toxicological effects of the present nanoparticles on cell proliferation, cell viability, membrane integrity and oxidative stress. The long-term cytotoxicity of nanoparticles was also evaluated by employing the clonogenic assay. Among four nanoparticles tested, ZnO exhibited the highest cytotoxicity in terms of cell proliferation, cell viability, membrane integrity and colony formation in both cell lines. Al2O3, CeO2 and TiO2 showed little adverse effects on cell proliferation and cell viability. However, TiO2 induced oxidative stress in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CeO2 caused membrane damage and inhibited colony formation in long-term, but with different degree depending on cell lines. Al2O3 seems to be less toxic than the other nanoparticles even after long time exposure. These results highlight the need for caution during manufacturing process of nanomaterials as well as further investigation on the toxicity mechanism.
Kim
In-Sun
IS
Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea.
Baek
Miri
M
Choi
Soo-Jin
SJ
D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000633:toxicity; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002563:Cerium / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000633:toxicity*
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C009495:titanium dioxide; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide; D014025:Titanium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D015034:Zinc Oxide