title: The Dutch consumer quality index: an example of stakeholder involvement in indicator development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Like in several other Western countries, in the Dutch health care system regulated competition has been introduced. In order to make this work, comparable information is required about the performance of health care providers in terms of effectiveness, safety and patient experiences. Without further coordination, external actors will all try to force health care providers to be transparent. For health care providers this might result in a situation in which they have to deliver data for several sets of indicators, defined by different actors. Therefore, in the Netherlands an effort is made to define national sets of performance indicators and related measuring instruments. In this article, the following questions are addressed, using patient experiences as an example:- When and how are stakeholders involved in the development of indicators and instruments that measure the patients' experiences with health care providers?- Does this involvement lead to indicators and instruments that match stakeholders' information needs?
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Dutch experiences show that it is possible to implement national indicator sets and to reach consensus about what needs to be measured. Preliminary evaluations show that for health care providers and health insurers the benefits of standardization outweigh the possible loss of tailor-made information. However, it has also become clear that particular attention should be given to the participation of patient/consumer organisations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stakeholder involvement is complex and time-consuming. However, it is the only way to balance the information needs of all the parties that ask for and benefit from transparency, without frustrating the health care system.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Consumer Experience in Healthcare (Centrum Klantervaring Zorg), PO Box 1568, 3500 BN Utrecht, the Netherlands. d.delnoij@centrumklantervaringzorg.nl
authors.forename: Diana M J
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Delnoij
authors.forename: Jany J D J M
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rademakers
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Groenewegen
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards*; D018166:Health Care Reform / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D018854:Managed Competition / Q000592:standards*; D009426:Netherlands; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care