title: Expression and characterization of three new glutathione transferases, an epsilon (AcGSTE2-2), omega (AcGSTO1-1), and theta (AcGSTT1-1) from Anopheles cracens (Diptera: Culicidae), a major Thai malaria vector.
abstract: Glutathione transferases (GSTs) (E.C.2.5.1.18) are multifunctional enzymes involved in the detoxification of many exogenous and endogenous compounds. This study aimed to characterize several new GSTs from Anopheles cracens, a major Thai malaria vector formerly known as Anopheles dirus. The three recombinant enzymes obtained were from the epsilon, theta and omega classes. They showed 80-93% identity to orthologous An. gambiae GSTs. AcGSTE2-2 possessed peroxidase activity that cannot be detected for the An. gambiae AgGSTE2-2. AcGSTT1-1 had high activity toward several substrates that are specific for mammalian theta class. The AcGSTO1-1 can use 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, dichloroacetic acid, and hydroxyethyl disulfide substrates. The enzymes bound but did not metabolize the organophosphate temephos. The epsilon AcGSTE2-2 functioned as a peroxidase and DDT metabolizing enzyme. The theta AcGSTT1-1 functioned not only as peroxidase but also acted as a binding protein for organophosphates. The omega GST had thiol transferase activity suggesting a role in oxidative stress response.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, PO Box 80 CMU, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jeerang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wongtrakul
authors.forename: Saengtong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pongjaroenkit
authors.forename: Posri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leelapat
authors.forename: Woottichai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nachaiwieng
authors.forename: La-Aied
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Prapanthadara
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ketterman
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005982:Glutathione Transferase