Carbofuran and its toxic metabolites provide forensic evidence for furadan exposure in vultures (Gyps africanus) in Kenya.
Forensic analysis of carbofuran residues in weathered tissue samples for evidence of Furadan exposure in vultures (Gps africanus) by HPLC gave concentration (mg/Kg dry tissue weight) ranges of bdl - 0.07 (carbofuran), bdl - 0.499 (3-ketocarbofuran) and 0.013-0.147 (3-hydroxycarbofuran) in beaks, bdl-0.65 (carbofuran), 0.024-0.190 (3-ketocarbofuran) and 0.017-0.098 (3-hydroxycarbofuran) in feet, 0.179-0.219 (3-ketocarbofuran) and 0.081-0.093 (3-hydroxycarbofuran) in crop content, 0.078-0.082 (3-ketocarbofuran) and 0.091-0.101 (3-hydroxycarbofuran) in muscle of a laced carcass and 0.006-0.014 (carbofuran), 0.590-1.010 (3-ketocarbofuran) and 0.095-0.135 (3-hydroxycarbofuran) in soil sampled from a poisoning site. These compounds were confirmed by GC-MS. The results showed that HPLC combined with GC-MS is suitable for forensic analysis of carbofuran residues in bird tissue samples and that forensic investigation should include its two toxic metabolites, 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran.
Otieno
Peter O
PO
Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya.
Lalah
Joseph O
JO
Virani
Munir
M
Jondiko
Isaac O
IO
Schramm
Karl-Werner
KW
D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D002235:Carbofuran / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D046093:Falconiformes; D053593:Forensic Toxicology / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning / Q000633:toxicity*; D007630:Kenya; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D002235:Carbofuran