title: Degradation of foot-and-mouth disease virus during composting of infected pig carcasses.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the inactivation and degradation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus during composting of infected pig carcasses as measured by virus isolation in tissue culture and by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR). Three FMD-infected pig carcasses were composted in a mixture of chicken manure and wood shavings in a biocontainment level 3 facility. Compost temperatures had reached 50 degrees C and 70 degrees C by days 10 and 19, respectively. Under these conditions, FMD virus was inactivated in specimens in compost by day 10 and the viral RNA was degraded in skin and internal organ tissues by day 21. In comparison, at ambient temperatures close to 20 degrees C, FMD virus survived to day 10 in the skin tissue specimen from the pig that had the highest initial level of viral RNA in its tissues and the viral RNA persisted to day 21. Similarly, beta-actin mRNA, tested as a PCR control, persisted to day 21 in specimens held at ambient temperatures, but it was degraded in the remnants of tissues recovered from compost on day 21. Results from this study provide evidence that composting could be used for safe disposal of pig carcasses infected with FMD virus.
authors.affiliation: Ottawa Laboratory (Fallowfield), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario. Jiewen.Guan@inspection.gc.ca
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grenier
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kranendonk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Copps
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clavijo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000821:virology*; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D008372:Manure; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012867:Skin / Q000821:virology; D012987:Soil; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D038301:Virus Inactivation; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012987:Soil