Measurement and control practices in Finnish wastewater networks.
In this paper, we describe measurement and control practices in Finnish wastewater networks. We have surveyed the 14 largest wastewater treatment plants in the country, which account for approximately 40% of total Finnish treatment capacity. It was found that these plants still only rely on a few, traditional measurement techniques. The treatment processes could be improved, and the treatment could be made more energy-efficient by installing modern instrumentation. We review some recent developments in wastewater plant instrumentation technology and suggest improvements to Finnish plants.
Poutiainen
H
H
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. hannu.poutiainen@uku.fi
Heinonen-Tanski
H
H
D019985:Benchmarking; D005387:Finland; D018508:Water Purification / Q000592:standards*