title: Maternity care models in a remote and rural network: assessing clinical appropriateness and outcome indicators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about performance of small rural maternity units, including stand-alone midwife units.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the proportions of women delivering locally, clinical appropriateness of model of care at delivery and outcome indicators for three rural staffing models of care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case note review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Remote and rural maternity units in NHS North of Scotland Region.
  
  
  METHODS
  1400 deliveries to women from the catchments of eight rural units (stratified by staffing model) included those in local rural units and in associated distant referral units. Descriptive analysis examined women's risk, clinical appropriateness of model of care at delivery and outcomes aggregated by local catchment unit type and delivery unit type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Local deliveries by staffing model were 31% (214/697) in midwife stand-alone units, 70% (236/336) in midwife units alongside non-obstetric medical support and 86% (317/367) in small obstetric-led units. Model of care at delivery was generally appropriate according to risk. Judged inappropriate were 3% (22/696) of women with complications delivering in midwife stand-alone units; and of referral unit deliveries, 6% (37/632) with suspected complications unconfirmed, plus 5% (31/633) discharged undelivered by referral hospital at >36 weeks' gestation. Risk profiles of catchment samples were similar, but caesarean section rates appeared lower and neonatal unit admissions higher for women from stand-alone midwife units.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rural women were generally referred appropriately for specialist care. These stand-alone midwife units provided intrapartum care for approximately one-third of rural women who remained without complications. Further evidence is needed about outcomes by staffing models of care.
authors.affiliation: Dugald Baird Centre for Research on Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, Cornhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2ZL, UK. j.s.tucker@abdn.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McVicar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pitchforth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bryers
mesh_terms: D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017146:Models, Organizational; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012606:Scotland