title: Visual experiences of Blaise Pascal.
abstract: The writings of Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), mathematician, physicist, and theologian, are often thought of as an ideal example of classical French prose. In fact, Pascal's scientific contributions include the principle of hydrostatics, known as Pascal's Law. In mathematics, he helped develop the probability theory and also made significant contributions to the realization of infinite series and the geometry of curves. He is also considered one of the most important French philosophers principally due to his book entitled 'Pensées'. Pascal had a religious conversion in the 1650s and following this he devoted himself more to religion than science. There is evidence that Pascal suffered from visual migraines with recurring headaches, episodes of blindness in half of his visual field, zigzag, fortification spectra, and other visual hallucinations. It is believed that the migraine aura experiences might have acted as a source of inspiration for Pascal's philosophical reflections. Pascal's sudden religious conversion, probably the most decisive moment in Pascal's personal life, during the night of the 23rd to 24th of November 1654, was accompanied by a lighted vision which he interpreted as fire which brought him the total conviction of God's 'reality and presence'. This experience may have been based on the effects of a migraine aura attack. In fact, this spiritual experience led him to dedicate the rest of his life to religious and philosophical interests.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paciaroni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005197:Famous Persons; D049670:History, 17th Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008488:Medical Illustration / Q000266:history; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000266:history* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009462:Neurology / Q000266:history*; D014796:Visual Perception