title: [Role of immunocytology in the evaluation of patients with painless gross hematuria].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gross hematuria is a highly worrisome episode in a patient's history mainly due to the fact that the prevalence of bladder cancer is significant in this group of patients. In this prospective study the role of immunocytology in the evaluation of patients with gross hematuria was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ucyt is an immunocytological assay based on microscopic detection of tumor-associated antigens on urothelial cells. The study included 103 consecutive patients with a first episode of painless gross hematuria without prior transitional cell carcinoma. Urine samples were obtained from all patients and examined cytologically and immunocytologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical assessment by physical examination, laboratory tests, endoscopy, and imaging modalities yielded urothelial cancer in 22 cases (21%). Further diagnoses were BPH (30%), inflammation (10%), urolithiasis (7%), and"further conditions" (16%). In 17 patients the reasons for hematuria were not determined. For cystoscopy, immunocytology, and conventional urine cytology a sensitivity of 89 (excluding UUT), 86, and 45% was observed. Specificity was 94, 82, and 89%, respectively. Two and three bladder tumors were not detected by cystoscopy and immunocytology, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of cystoscopy and immunocytology yielded 100% sensitivity, while combining cystoscopy and cytology only marginally improved the sensitivity of cystoscopy alone. Since sensitivity appears to be of key relevance in the assessment of patients with gross hematuria, the authors suggest the addition of a sensitive noninvasive test to the diagnostic armamentarium in this situation.
authors.affiliation: Urologie, EuromedClinic, Europa-Allee 1, 90763, Fürth, Germany. bsd@euromed.de
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Schmitz-Dräger
authors.forename: L-A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Tirsar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmitz-Dräger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dörsam
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bismarck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000652:urine*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm