title: Does the organization of care processes affect outcomes in patients undergoing total joint replacement?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgeons realize that safe and efficient care processes for total joint replacement requires more than just well-performed operations. Orthopaedic teams are reorganizing care process to improve efficacy and shorten length of stay. Little is known on the impact of organizational changes on patient outcome. This paper studies the relation between the organization of care processes and patient outcomes in hip and knee. Clinical pathways are used as one of the methods to structure the care process. Although evidence is available on the effect of pathways in total joint replacement, their impact with the organization of the care process has not been studied previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional multicentre study was performed on 39 care processes and 737 consecutive patients. Regression models were used to analyse the relation between the organization of the care process and risk-adjusted patient outcomes. The use of pathways and the organization of the care process, measured by the Care Process Self Evaluation Tool (CPSET), were measured at organizational level. Length of stay, pain, mobility and elapsed time to discharge were measured at patient level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of pathways had a positive effect on four out of five subscales and the overall CPSET score. Using pathways decreased length of stay (P = 0.014), pain (P = 0.052) and elapsed time to discharge (P = 0.003). The CPSET subscale communication was related with three risk adjusted outcomes. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant effect by three different variables on the length of stay; (1) use of pathways; (2) coordination of care processes; and (3) communication with patients and family. Both the use of pathways and coordination of the care process were determinants for the elapsed time to discharge. A significant interaction effect was found between use of pathways and coordination of the care process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large multicentre study revealed the relation between the use of pathways, organization of the care process and patient outcomes. This information is important for both clinicians and managers to understand and further improve the organization of orthopaedic care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level I prognostic study.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Services and Nursing Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 4th Floor, Leuven B-3000, Belgium. Kris.Vanhaecht@med.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vanhaecht
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bellemans
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Witte
authors.forename: Luwis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diya
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lesaffre
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sermeus
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D001530:Belgium; D019091:Critical Pathways; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome