title: Lateral medullary ischemia presenting with persistent hiccups and vertigo.
abstract: This study describes a patient with lateral medullary ischemia (LMI) presenting with persistent hiccups followed by vertigo with horizontal head-shaking-induced contralesional nystagmus (HSN) and discusses pertinent pathophysiology. A 65-year-old man presented with persistent hiccups and disabling spells of vertigo, lasting 30 seconds that became much more frequent and associated with lateropulsion to the right. A strong left beating HSN was evident. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography, and intra-arterial cerebral digital subtracted angiography showed subacute ischemic lesions in the right lateral medulla and ipsilateral inferior cerebellar hemisphere, and two tight stenoses of the V1 and V4 segments of the right vertebral artery. Patient was treated by intravenous heparin and oral clopidogrel. After 48 hours, hiccups disappeared. One month later, vertigo spells were less frequent but still disabling. Endovascular stenting of the right vertebral artery stenoses was then performed. In the subsequent four years, the patient had no further episodes of hiccups or vertigo. Less intense HSN persisted. Hiccups followed by vertigo, lateropulsion, and HSN had been the clinical presentation of LMI and cerebellar ischemia, without other major neurologic or ocular motor findings. This unusual clinical variant of LMI could mimic a more benign labyrinthine lesion, and possibly leading to a dangerously delayed treatment.
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. marcomand@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mandalà
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rufa
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cerase
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bracco
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galluzzi
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Venturi
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nuti
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D019416:Head Movements; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006606:Hiccup / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D009759:Nystagmus, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014717:Vertigo / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D006493:Heparin; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine