Oral health risks of tobacco use and effects of cessation.
The purpose of this paper is to review the epidemiologic evidence for the effects of tobacco use and tobacco use cessation on a variety of oral diseases and conditions. Exposures considered include cigarette and bidi smoking, pipe and cigar smoking, and smokeless tobacco use. Oral diseases and disorders considered include oral cancer and precancer, periodontal disease, caries and tooth loss, gingival recession and other benign mucosal disorders as well as implant failure. Particular attention is given to the impact of tobacco use cessation on oral health outcomes. We conclude that robust epidemiologic evidence exists for adverse oral health effects of tobacco smoking and other types of tobacco use. In addition, there is compelling evidence to support significant benefits of tobacco use cessation with regard to various oral health outcomes. Substantial oral health benefits can be expected from abstention and successful smoking cessation in a variety of populations across all ages.
Warnakulasuriya
Saman
S
King's College London and WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer and Precancer, UK. s.warne@kcl.ac.uk
Dietrich
Thomas
T
Bornstein
Michael M
MM
Casals Peidró
Elías
E
Preshaw
Philip M
PM
Walter
Clemens
C
Wennström
Jan L
JL
Bergström
Jan
J
D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000009:adverse effects; D002273:Carcinogens; D004249:DNA Damage; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000009:adverse effects; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects
D002273:Carcinogens; D009602:Nitrosamines; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene