title: Plant growth-promoting trait of rhizobacteria isolated from soil contaminated with petroleum and heavy metals.
abstract: Three hundred and seventy-four rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere soil (RS) or rhizoplane (RP) of Echinochloa crus-galli, Carex leiorhyncha, Commelina communis, Persicaria lapathifolia, Carex kobomugi, and Equisetum arvense, grown in contaminated soil with petroleum and heavy metals. The isolates were screened for plant growth-promoting potential (PGPP), including indole acetic acid (IAA) productivity, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity, and siderophore(s) synthesis ability. IAA production was detected in 86 isolates (23.0%), ACC deaminase activity in 168 isolates (44.9%), and siderophore(s) synthesis in 213 isolates (57.0%). Among the rhizobateria showing PGPP, 162 rhizobacteria had multiple traits showing more than two types of PGPP. The PGPP-having rhizobateria were more abundant in the RP (82%) samples than the RS (75%). There was a negative correlation (-0.656, p < 0.05) between the IAA-producers and the ACC deaminase producers. Clustering analysis by principal component analysis showed that RP was the most important factor influencing ecological distribution and physiological characterization of PGPP-possesing rhizobateria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
authors.forename: So-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Sun Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hee Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Kyung-suk
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D019755:Carbon-Carbon Lyases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012231:Rhizobium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017262:Siderophores / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D017262:Siderophores; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C030737:indoleacetic acid; C033634:1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase; D019755:Carbon-Carbon Lyases