title: Anti-inflammatory principles from Heritiera littoralis bark.
abstract: Compounds from the hexane, dichloromethane and acetone extracts of Heritiera littoralis bark were investigated for their nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory effects using RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The result indicated that ergosterol peroxide (13) exhibited the highest activity against NO release with an IC(50) value of 2.5 microM, followed by 6-alpha-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (11, IC(50)=9.5 microM) and stigmast-4-en-3-one (9, IC(50)=15.9 microM), whereas other compounds showed moderate and mild effects (25.4- > 100 microM). Ergosterol peroxide (13) and 6-alpha-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (11) were also tested against prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) releases. It was found that ergosterol peroxide (13) possessed marked activity against PGE(2) release with an IC(50) value of 28.7 microM, while 6-alpha-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (11) was 86.7 microM. However, these two compounds were inactive towards TNF-alpha release (IC(50) > 100 microM). The mechanism in transcriptional level of ergosterol peroxide (13) was found to down regulate mRNA expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in dose-dependent manners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, Thailand. supinyat@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tewtrakul
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tansakul
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Daengrot
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ponglimanont
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karalai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D019660:Malvaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013265:Stigmasterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013265:Stigmasterol; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone; C036071:ergosterol-5,8-peroxide; D004875:Ergosterol