title: Midterm health and personnel outcomes of recent combat amputees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Warfighters who sustained combat amputations in Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) have unique challenges during rehabilitation. This study followed their outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 382 U.S. warfighters with major limb amputations after combat injury in OEF/OIF between 2001 and 2005. Outcome measures were diagnoses, treatment codes, and personnel events captured by health and personnel databases during 24 months postinjury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most patients had multiple complications generally within 30 days postinjury (e.g., infections, anemia), with important exceptions (e.g., heterotopic ossification). Lower limb amputees had 50% more complications than upper limb amputees. Two-thirds of patients had a mental health disorder (e.g., adjustment, post-traumatic stress disorder), with rates of major disorder categories between 18% and 25%. Over 80% of patients used physical and occupational therapy, prosthetic/orthotic services, and psychiatric care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combat amputees had a complex set of outcomes supporting the continued need for military amputee care programs.
authors.affiliation: Department 161, Bldg. 331, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106-3521, USA.
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Melcer
authors.forename: G Jay
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galarneau
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Belnap
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Konoske
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000673:Amputation, Traumatic / Q000150:complications*; D000674:Amputees / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014481:United States