title: Expression and function of matrix Gla protein in human peritoneal mesothelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with peritoneal calcification. Studies in vascular tissue suggest that ectopic calcification is not merely a passive but a regulated process resembling bone mineralization. We investigated whether peritoneal calcification is controlled by matrix Gla protein (MGP) secreted by peritoneal mesothelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human primary mesothelial cells (HPMC) were exposed to constituents of PD fluids and to cytokines relevant to peritoneal integrity. Messenger RNA was quantitated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), protein abundance by Western blot and in vivo protein expression immunohistochemically. To demonstrate functional relevance, MGP was silenced in HPMC by siRNA transfection and calcium phosphate matrix deposition measured by o-cresolphthalein complexone method and von Kossa staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MGP was consistently detected in the mesothelial cell layer of peritoneal tissue specimens from uraemic and non-uraemic patients, in HPMC and in culture medium. MGP mRNA and protein abundance was increased by glucose and IGF1 and decreased by TGFß1. Suppression of MGP increased matrix calcium and phosphorus deposition by 90 ± 6% and 100 ± 4% at 1 mM ambient Ca(2+) and phosphorus concentration. Deposition was not increased any further by higher medium Ca(2+)/phosphorus concentrations nor reduced by inhibition of the phosphate cotransporter Pit1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MGP is expressed by HPMC and regulated by glucose, IGF1 and TGFß1. It is a potent inhibitor of calcification in vitro and may thus play a role in the regulation of peritoneal calcium homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Children and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Yihui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hömme
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hackert
authors.forename: Marie-Luise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Georg F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Claus P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Schmitt
mesh_terms: D002114:Calcinosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000494:pharmacology; D000097568:Matrix Gla Protein
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005947:Glucose; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000097568:Matrix Gla Protein