Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for autism in China.
We conducted a case-control study using 190 Han children with and without autism to investigate prenatal and perinatal risk factors for autism in China. Cases were recruited through public special education schools and controls from regular public schools in the same region (Tianjin), with frequency matching on sex and birth year. Unadjusted analyses identified seven prenatal and seven perinatal risk factors significantly associated with autism. In the adjusted analysis, nine risk factors showed significant association with autism: maternal second-hand smoke exposure, maternal chronic or acute medical conditions unrelated to pregnancy, maternal unhappy emotional state, gestational complications, edema, abnormal gestational age (<35 or >42 weeks), nuchal cord, gravidity >1, and advanced paternal age at delivery (>30 year-old).
Zhang
Xin
X
School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
Lv
Cong-Chao
CC
Tian
Jiang
J
Miao
Ru-Juan
RJ
Xi
Wei
W
Hertz-Picciotto
Irva
I
Qi
Lihong
L
D000328:Adult; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004487:Edema / Q000453:epidemiology; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D020073:Gravidity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008487:Medical History Taking; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D053589:Nuchal Cord; D010331:Paternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution