Urinary and air phthalate concentrations and self-reported use of personal care products among minority pregnant women in New York city.
Diethyl phthalate (DEP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) are used extensively in personal care products, including fragrances (DEP) and nail polish (DnBP). Between May 2003 and July 2006, we gathered questionnaire data on the use of seven product categories (deodorant, perfume, hair spray, hair gel, nail polish/polish remover, liquid soap/body wash, and lotion/mist) over 48 h during the third trimester of pregnancy from 186 inner-city women. A 48-h personal air sample was collected and analyzed for DEP and DnBP; a maternal spot urine sample was collected and analyzed for their monoester metabolites, monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), respectively. In all, 97% of air samples and 84% of urine samples were collected within ±2 days of the questionnaire. During the 48 h, 41% of women reported perfume use and 10% reported nail polish/polish remover use. In adjusted analyses, no association was seen between nail product use and air DnBP or urine MnBP concentrations. Women reporting perfume use had 2.3 times higher (95% CI 1.6, 3.3) urinary MEP concentrations. Personal air DEP increased by 7% for each 25% increase in a composite indicator of the six other product categories (P<0.05), but was not associated with perfume use. Air DEP was correlated with urine MEP concentrations only among non-perfume users (r=0.51, P<0.001). Results suggest that perfume use is a significant source of DEP exposure.
Just
Allan C
AC
Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. acj2109@columbia.edu
Adibi
Jennifer J
JJ
Rundle
Andrew G
AG
Calafat
Antonia M
AM
Camann
David E
DE
Hauser
Russ
R
Silva
Manori J
MJ
Whyatt
Robin M
RM
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003836:Deodorants / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006203:Hair Preparations / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000009:adverse effects; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
D003358:Cosmetics; D003836:Deodorants; D006203:Hair Preparations; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid; C008809:perfuromycin