Sterols and sphingolipids: dynamic duo or partners in crime?
One manner in which eukaryotic cells respond to their environments is by optimizing the composition and proportions of sterols and sphingolipids in membranes. The physical association of the planar ring of sterols with the acyl chains of phospholipids, particularly sphingolipids, produces membrane micro-heterogeneity that is exploited to coordinate several crucial pathways. We hypothesize that these lipid molecules play an integrated role in human disease; when one of the partners is mis-regulated, pathology frequently ensues. Sterols and sphingolipid levels are not coordinated by the action of a single master regulator, however the cross-talk between their metabolic pathways is considerable. We describe our perspectives on the key components of synthesis, catabolism and transport of these lipid partners with an emphasis on evolutionarily conserved reactions that produce disease states when defective.
Gulati
Sonia
S
Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA.
Liu
Ying
Y
Munkacsi
Andrew B
AB
Wilcox
Lisa
L
Sturley
Stephen L
SL
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000503:physiopathology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D016464:Lysosomal Storage Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000378:metabolism; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D013261:Sterols / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098825:Oxysterol Binding Proteins
D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D013107:Sphingolipids; D013261:Sterols; D000098825:Oxysterol Binding Proteins