title: Robotically assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy compared with open radical hysterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radical hysterectomy is a common and effective treatment of early cervical cancer. Modern advances include the use of robotic assistance to perform equivalent minimally invasive procedures. The purpose was to compare surgical and short-term outcomes, as well as margins, between robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and open radical hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first 30 cases of robotically assisted type III radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer were compared with the 30 previous cases of open type III radical hysterectomy. Body mass index, length of operation, nodal yield, margins, estimated blood loss, hospital stay, and complications were all documented and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 30 patients undergoing robotically assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy were similar in body mass index to the women undergoing open radical hysterectomy (34 kg/m robotic, 32 kg/m open, P = 0.22). The mean operating time was 154 minutes compared with 166 minutes in the open arm (P = 0.36). The mean blood loss was 165 mL compared with 323 mL in the open arm (P = 0.001). The mean pelvic nodal yield was 25 nodes compared with 26 nodes in the open group (P = 0.45). The mean parametrial margin size was not significantly different between groups. The mean postoperative length of stay was 1.4 days compared with 2.8 days for the open cases (P < 0.001). Urinary retention was significantly more common in the robotic arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radical surgery for cervical cancer can be accomplished using the da Vinci surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, Calif) with acceptable blood loss, operating time, parametrial margins, and nodal yield. Future studies need to address long-term outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo Medical Center, 3120 Glendale Ave, Mail Stop 1194, Toledo, OH 43614, USA. john.geisler@utoledo.edu
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Geisler
authors.forename: Curtis J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: Naumann
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khurshid
authors.forename: Garth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Phibbs
authors.forename: Kelly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Manahan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010388:Pelvis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012371:Robotics; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*