title: [Musculoskeletal rehabilitation and bone. Influence of medicines and hormones on musculoskeletal rehabilitation].
abstract: Declined anabolic and gonadal steroid hormones with age affect the development of age-related musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Exercises could have an influence on hormones affecting bone and muscle metabolism. Studies have shown that a combination of physical exercise and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has a significantly better effect on bone and muscle than either of these interventions alone. Recent studies provide possible mechanisms for HRT effects in augmenting skeletal muscle repair and retention of muscle mass in older woman. Vitamin D improves musculoskeletal functions and prevents falls. However, it is not known whether exercise and bisphosphonates are able to interact in improving musculoskeletal functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Naohisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyakoshi
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000378:metabolism; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000534:rehabilitation; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D014807:Vitamin D; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride