title: Graded activation of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles for vocal fold posturing.
abstract: Previous investigations using in vivo models to study the role of intrinsic laryngeal muscles in phonation have used neuromuscular stimulation to study voice parameters. However, these studies used coarse stimulation techniques using limited levels of neuromuscular stimulation. In the current investigation, a technique for fine control of laryngeal posturing was developed using graded stimulation of the laryngeal nerves. Vocal fold strain history to graded stimulation and a methodology for establishing symmetric laryngeal activation is presented. This methodology has immediate applications for the study of laryngeal paralysis and paresis, as well as general questions of neuromuscular control of the larynx.
authors.affiliation: The Laryngeal Dynamics and Physiology Laboratories, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 62-132 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. dchhetri@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Dinesh K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chhetri
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Berry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000294:innervation*; D007823:Laryngeal Nerves / Q000502:physiology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D010699:Phonation; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000294:innervation*