title: Antimicrobial susceptibility of Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from children in Kalgoorlie-Boulder, Western Australia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate antimicrobial susceptibility of Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from a cohort of children being followed in a study of the natural history of otitis media in a semi-arid region of Western Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the Kalgoorlie Otitis Media Research Project nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children up to seven times between the age of 1 week and 2 years. A total of 261 M. catarrhalis strains from 50 Aboriginal and 50 non-Aboriginal children were tested against 14 antibiotics using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) agar dilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All strains were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, erythromycin and minocycline. While no criteria exist for assessment of susceptibility to roxithromycin, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were low. Approximately 46% of strains from Aboriginal children and 27% from non-Aboriginal children appeared susceptible to ampicillin. A small number of strains was intermediately resistant to cefaclor (9/261, 3.4%), while the bulk of strains was intermediately resistant to co-trimoxazole. A low prevalence of tetracycline resistance (3/261, 1.1%) was noted. beta-lactamase production was observed in 97.7% of strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While M. catarrhalis strains from children of the Kalgoorlie region were susceptible to many of the antibiotics used to treat respiratory tract infections, a large proportion of strains were resistant to ampicillin and/or co-trimoxazole. Current therapeutic guidelines, which recommend amoxicillin for treatment of otitis media, may need to be revised.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Nevada M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Pingault
authors.forename: Jacinta M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Thomas V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Riley
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis; D045828:Moraxellaceae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents