title: Characteristics and oil absorption in deep-fat fried batter prepared from ball-milled wheat flour.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The porous structure generated during frying influences oil absorption and textural qualities. The alteration in physical properties of wheat flour is suspected to affect the structure formation. The present study investigated the effect of physicochemical changes in wheat flour by the ball-milling process on structure formation and consequently oil absorption of a fried wheat flour batter model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Batter models containing 600 g kg(-1) moisture were made of 0-10 h ball-milled wheat flour and then fried in frying oil at 150 degrees C for 1-7 min. The samples made of milled flour possess larger pores and exhibit lower oil absorption than sample made of 0 h milled flour. The fracture force of a fried sample prepared from 5 and 10 h milled flour is lower than that of a sample prepared from 0 h milled flour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decrease in glass transition temperature (T(g)) and melting temperature (T(m)) of milled flour affect the microstructure formation in the fried wheat flour batter. The microstructure is responsible for oil absorption and fracturability in fried food. The samples made of flour of longer ball-milling time have lower oil absorption and higher crispness. Ball-milling may be a tool to produce mechanically modified wheat flour which can reduce oil absorption for fried batter.
authors.affiliation: School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan. pthanatuksorn@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Pariya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thanatuksorn
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kajiwara
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods*; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005433:Flour; D005524:Food Technology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D013024:Soybean Oil; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D014867:Water; D013024:Soybean Oil