title: The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in adult patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus attending Parirenyatwa Diabetic Clinic, Harare.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in a diabetic clinic in a tertiary hospital setting in Zimbabwe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive cross sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetic clinic in a tertiary hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  75 insulin dependent diabetic consenting adults aged over 18 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive sampling of 75 insulin dependent consenting subjects presenting at the Parirenyatwa Diabetic Clinic was conducted over a four month period. Patients were tested for proteinuria using dipsticks and were divided into dipstick positive and dipstick negative. The dipstick positive samples were sent to the laboratory for protein quantification. The dipstick negative samples were tested for microalbuminuria. Urine albumin creatinine ratios were utilised to quantify the proteinuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of overt proteinuria and the prevalence of microalbuminuria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overt proteinuria was found in 16 (21%) patients. Microalbuminuria was found in 9 (12%) of the patients. Nephropathy was, therefore, found in 25 (33%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in adult patients with insulin dependent diabetis mellitus attending Parirenyatwa Diabetic Clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mafundikwa
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ndhlovu
authors.forename: Zar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gomo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine*; D011934:Reagent Strips; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D011934:Reagent Strips