title: Intra-arterial iodinated radiographic contrast material injection administration in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion model: possible effects on intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Observations in human interventional stroke treatment led us to hypothesize that iodinated radiographic contrast material use may contribute to intracerebral hemorrhage. Effects of intra-arterial iodinated radiographic contrast material on hemorrhagic transformation after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion were studied in a placebo-controlled, blinded preclinical study in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied: saline group (n=8), contrast group (n=12), heparin group (n=9), and contrast+heparin group (n=9). The middle cerebral artery was occluded for 5 hours using suture placement. Heparin was infused before suture removal and reperfusion. Saline and/or contrast were infused immediately during reperfusion. Incidence, location, and size of hemorrhage were determined by brain necropsy inspection at 24 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in incidence of cortical hemorrhage from control (37.5%), contrast (75.0%), heparin (77.8%) to contrast+heparin (100%; Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel correlation, P<0.01). Both pooled contrast groups (85.7%) and pooled heparin groups (88.9%) had higher rates of cortical intracerebral hemorrhage compared with the control group (P<0.05). Similar trends for increased cortical intracerebral hemorrhage were seen in the contrast-only (P=0.18) and heparin-only (P=0.18) groups. There was a trend for decreased infarct edema in rats receiving contrast versus those without (P=0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraarterial iodinated radiographic contrast material may increase cortical intracerebral hemorrhage, similar to heparin. Iodinated radiographic contrast material effect may be additive to heparin effect on the incidence of cortical intracerebral hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati Hospital, 234 Goodman Street, ML 0762, Cincinnati OH 45267-0762, USA.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurosawa
authors.forename: Aigang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khatri
authors.forename: Janice A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carrozzella
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Tomsick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007472:Iohexol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007472:Iohexol