title: Clinical research: up from 'clinical epidemiology'.
abstract: Clinical research must be understood to be the foundation of scientific medicine of the clinical type. But the essence of scientific clinical medicine remains a matter of profound confusion, even in clinical academia, and so does the essence of clinical research. The confusion now revolves, principally, around 'clinical epidemiology'. We address clinical research in the meaning of quintessentially 'applied' clinical research, which we take to be the foundation of the scientific knowledge base of clinical medicine, of gnosis (dia-, etio-, pro-) in it. More specifically, we address the essence, priorities, and status quo of this research - and argue that the requisite theory of this is not a matter of 'clinical epidemiology' but of theory of clinical research endogenous to clinical (rather than epidemiological) academia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Olli S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Miettinen
authors.forename: Lucas M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steurer
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D015510:Clinical Medicine; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D004813:Epidemiology; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005103:Expert Systems; D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D011336:Probability