title: A link between neutrophils and chronic disease manifestations of Chlamydia muridarum urogenital infection of mice.
abstract: Vigorous acute inflammatory responses accompany Chlamydia muridarum infections in mice and are positively correlated with adverse urogenital and respiratory tract infection outcomes in the mouse model. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that neutrophils induce an acute inflammatory insult that, in the repair phase, leads to the chronic sequelae of hydrosalpinx - a surrogate marker of infertility in the mouse model. To this end, we induced neutropenia in mice using a neutrophil-depleting monoclonal antibody during acute phases of C. muridarum urogenital infection only (days 2-21 postinfection). To prove induced neutropenia, peripheral blood was monitored for neutrophils during the treatment regimen. Neutropenic mice had a similar infection course as control mice, but had significantly reduced levels of certain histopathological parameters, reduced production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and reduced rates of hydrosalpinx following resolution of the infection. We conclude that neutrophils are a major source of MMP-9, a previously proved pathological factor in this model. Further, we conclude that acute inflammation in the form of neutrophils and neutrophil activation products are at least partially responsible for inducing the histological changes that ultimately result in fibrosis and infertility in the mouse model of chlamydial upper genital tract disease.
authors.affiliation: The Microbiology and Immunology Department, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Hyo Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Justin H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Schripsema
authors.forename: Ira M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Sigar
authors.forename: Candace M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Shanon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lacy
authors.forename: Kyle H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ramsey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D023502:Chlamydia muridarum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D047589:Leukocyte Reduction Procedures; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9