title: [Highly metastatic nude mouse model of human primary gastric lymphoma constructed by surgical orthotopic transplantation and in vivo continuous screening method].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a series of high metastatic models of human gastric malignant lymphoma in nude mice by orthotopic transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two histologically intact primary and hepatic metastatic fragments derived from surgical specimen of a patient with primary gastric lymphoma were implanted into the submucosa of stomach in nude mice. Highly metastatic and specific organ metastatic models were screened by selective orthotopic passage in nude mice. Transplantability, invasion, metastasis, morphological characteristics (light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry), karyotypic analysis and DNA content of orthotopically transplanted tumors were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary and hepatic metastatic fragments of primary gastric lymphoma were successfully transplanted in nude mice. Two nude mouse models of human primary gastric lymphoma, termed HGBL-0304 (hepatic metastasis model) and HGBL-0305 (high metastasis model), were developed, exhibiting different metastasis biology. Histopathology of transplanted tumors showed primary gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Two models have been maintained for 45 generations by orthotopic passage in nude mice. A total of 419 nude mice were used for transplantation. The growth rate and resuscitation rate of liquid nitrogen cryopreservation of transplanted tumors were both 100%. Significant difference in metastasis biology was exhibited in four aspects of metastasis time, organ metastatic rate, the extent of hepatic metastasis and survival of cancer-bearing mice. The metastatic rates of liver, spleen, lymph nodes and peritoneal seeding in HGBL-0304 and HGBL-0305 models were 100% and 69.5%, 94.3% and 55.6%, 62.6% and 45.7%, and 43.5% and 30.5%. The onset time for metastases of liver, spleen, lymph nodes and peritoneal seeding was 2 w and 5 w, 3 w and 6 w, 2 w and 3 w, 3 w and 6 w respectively. The extent of hepatic metastasis in HGBL-0304 and HGBL-0305 models displayed diffuse involvement of the whole liver and mainly right lobe invasion of liver respectively. The mean survival time of HGBL-0304 and HGBL-0305 models was 54.3d and 106.9 d respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical orthotopic implantation combined with in vivo selective passage screening is an effective method for establishing highly metastatic and specific organ metastatic models of human malignant lymphoma in nude mice. The study is the first time to establish hepatic metastasis and high metastasis nude mouse models of human primary gastric lymphoma with the same original patient and different potentials of invasion and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuo
authors.forename: Chao-wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Tuo
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qiu-zhen
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*