title: An agonistic TrkB mAb causes sustained TrkB activation, delays RGC death, and protects the retinal structure in optic nerve axotomy and in glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptors TrkB and p75(NTR) are expressed in the retina. However, exogenous BDNF does not provide retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) with long-lasting neuroprotection in vivo during optic nerve axotomy or in glaucoma rat models of neurodegeneration. The authors set out to answer the hypothesis that a selective TrkB agonist might afford more efficient neuroprotection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal models of acute neurodegeneration (complete optic nerve axotomy) and chronic neurodegeneration (ocular hypertension, glaucoma) were used. After intravitreal delivery of test agents or controls, surviving RGCs were quantified. Transient or sustained activation of TrkB receptors in vivo was quantified by Western blot analysis retinal samples for TrkB-phosphotyrosine. Time-dependent changes to the neuronal retinal layers were quantified longitudinally by Fourier domain-optical coherence tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors show that a selective TrkB agonist caused long-lived TrkB activation and significantly delayed RGC death in these models of acute and chronic retinal injury in vivo. Importantly, using noninvasive retinal imaging, they also show that a selective TrkB agonist caused preservation of the retinal structure in both animal models, with maintenance of the layers comprising neurons and neuronal fibers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In animal models of acute and chronic neurodegeneration, a TrkB agonist affords long-lasting neuroprotection by causing sustained TrkB activation. The use of structural end points could have prognostic value to evaluate neuroprotection. This work contributes to the understanding of neurotrophic mechanisms underlying RGC death in glaucoma and optic nerve axotomy.
authors.affiliation: Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Yujing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Fouad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brahimi
authors.forename: Yehong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.forename: Marinko V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Sarunic
authors.forename: H Uri
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Saragovi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D019771:Axotomy; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020813:Receptor, trkB / Q000819:agonists / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D020813:Receptor, trkB