title: A single nucleotide polymorphism in STK11 influences insulin sensitivity and metformin efficacy in hyperinsulinemic girls with androgen excess.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Serine-threonine kinase STK11 catalyzes the AMP-activated protein kinase complex. We tested the hypothesis that a gene variant in STK11 contributes to variation in insulin sensitivity and metformin efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the effects of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs8111699) in STK11 on endocrine-metabolic and body composition indexes before and after 1 year of metformin in 85 hyperinsulinemic girls with androgen excess, representing a continuum from prepuberal girls with a combined history of low birth weight and precocious pubarche over to postmenarchial girls with hyperinsulinemic ovarian hyperandrogenism. Metformin was dosed at 425 mg/day in younger girls and 850 mg/day in older girls. STK11 rs8111699 was genotyped. Endocrine-metabolic features were assessed in the fasting state; body composition was estimated by absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genotype effects were similar in younger and older girls. At baseline, the mutated G allele in STK11 rs8111699 was associated with higher insulin and IGF-I levels (both P < 0.005). The response to metformin differed by STK11 genotype: GG homozygotes (n = 24) had robust metabolic improvements, GC heterozygotes (n = 38) had intermediate responses, and CC homozygotes (n = 23) had almost no response. Such differences were found for 1-year changes in body composition, circulating insulin, IGF-I, free androgen index, and lipids (all P < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In hyperinsulinemic girls with androgen excess, the STK11 rs8111699 SNP influences insulin sensitivity and metformin efficacy, so that the girls with the least favorable endocrine-metabolic profile improve most with metformin therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dr Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Abel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Bermejo
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morán
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Zegher
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
mesh_terms: D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D002648:Child; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008572:Menarche; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D011627:Puberty
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C109790:STK11 protein, human; D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases