title: Connecting masculinity and depression among international male university students.
abstract: International university students can experience isolation amid academic pressures. Such circumstances can manifest as or exacerbate depression. This qualitative study involved 15 international male students at a Canadian university who were diagnosed or self-identified as having depression. Individual interviews revealed men's perspectives about causes, implications, and management of depression. Participants intertwined sex- and gender-based factors in detailing causes, and emphasized the potential for parents to impact depression. Implications of depression for embodying traditional masculine roles of breadwinner and career man influenced many men to filter details about their illness within "home" cultures. This practice often prevailed within Canada despite the men's perceptions that greater societal acceptance existed. Masculine ideals underpinned self-management strategies to fight depression and regain control. Counter to men's reluctance to disclose illness details were participants' self-management preference for peer-based support. Study findings highlight how masculine ideals and cultural constructs can influence depression experiences and expressions.
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. john.oliffe@nursing.ubc.ca
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Oliffe
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Mary T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ogrodniczuk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D003863:Depression; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D057228:Masculinity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult