title: Human papillomavirus-16 prevalence in gingival tissue and its association with periodontal destruction: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 is detected in normal oral mucosa and several oral lesions, including squamous cell carcinoma, condyloma acuminatum, verruca vulgaris, focal epithelial hyperplasia, and periodontal diseases. It was hypothesized that HPV may be involved in periodontal breakdown and that periodontal tissue acts as a reservoir for the virus. Therefore, in this study, the prevalence of HPV-16 in the gingival tissue of Brazilians with periodontal health or disease is investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six gingival samples from subjects with chronic periodontitis, 26 samples from subjects with gingivitis, and 22 samples from subjects with healthy peridontium were analyzed. Total DNA was extracted, and the presence of HPV-16 was assessed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Positive and negative controls were included in the reactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV-16 was not detected in any of the 104 gingival samples evaluated; therefore, this virus showed no association with periodontal disease in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the population studied, HPV-16 may not have participated in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis, and the gingival tissue did not act as a reservoir for this virus.
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Periodontal Disease, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Verônica V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Horewicz
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feres
authors.forename: Gisela E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: Vania
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Patricia R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Cury
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000821:virology*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000821:virology; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral