title: Polymeric N-halamine latex emulsions for use in antimicrobial paints.
abstract: A new N-halamine monomer, N-chloro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl methacrylate (Cl-TMPM), was synthesized and used to prepare water-based polymeric N-halamines by emulsion polymerization. The chemical structures of the samples were characterized with Fourier transform IR, (13)C NMR, UV/vis, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. Upon the addition of a small amount of the polymeric N-halamine latex emulsions into commercial water-based latex paints as antimicrobial additives, the new paints provided potent antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus; Gram-positive bacteria), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria), vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE; drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria), Escherichia coli (E. coli; Gram-negative bacteria), Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis; fungi), MS2 virus (15597-B; virus), and Stachybotrys chartarum spore (S. chartarum; mold), and they successfully prevented biofilm formation and development. The antimicrobial functions of the new paints were long-lasting for more than 1 year under normal in-use conditions, easily monitorable by a simple potassium iodine/starch test, and readily rechargeable if the functions were accidentally lost as a result of challenging conditions such as heavy soil, flooding, etc.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, USA.
authors.forename: Zhengbing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Yuyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D007840:Latex / Q000737:chemistry*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010150:Paint; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004655:Emulsions; D007840:Latex; D008689:Methacrylates; C549254:N-chloro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl methacrylate; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids