title: Treatment results of radiation therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess local control and survival rates in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with external-beam radiotherapy and to investigate prognostic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1997 and 2007, 75 patients (male, n = 58; female, n = 17, median age, 74.2 years) with localized transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (T2, n = 34; T3, n = 32; T4, n = 9) not suitable for radical surgery due to advanced age, comorbidity or inoperability underwent external-beam radiotherapy without simultaneous chemotherapy at the University Clinic of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria. A conformal four-field technique was used in all patients to treat the tumor and regional lymph nodes with single daily fractions of 1.8-2 Gy to a total dose of 50-50.4 Gy, followed by a cone-down to encompass the empty bladder which was boosted to 70-70.4 Gy. All patients had undergone transurethral tumor resection prior to radiotherapy which was macroscopically incomplete in 62 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete response was achieved in 65% of patients. Actuarial 3-year local control and metastases-free survival rates were 52.5% and 63.7%, 3-year local recurrence-free survival rate in complete responders was 71%. In univariate analysis, hydronephrosis, lymph vessel invasion, and macroscopic residual tumor were significantly predictive of disease progression. Hydronephrosis and lymph vessel invasion were also associated with a higher risk of local recurrence. The actuarial 3-year progression-free and overall survival rates were 40.1% and 56.9%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiotherapy is an effective treatment option in terms of local control and survival even in elderly patients with locally advanced bladder cancer not suitable for cystectomy.
authors.affiliation: University Clinic of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. tanja.langsenlehner@klinikum-graz.at
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Langsenlehner
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Döller
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Quehenberger
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stranzl-Lawatsch
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Langsenlehner
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pummer
authors.forename: Karin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kapp
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003558:Cystoscopy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015182:Lymphatic Irradiation / Q000379:methods; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery