title: Computerized craniofacial reconstruction: Conceptual framework and review.
abstract: When confronted with a corpse that is unrecognizable due to its state of decomposition, soft-tissue mutilation or incineration, and if no other identification evidence is available, craniofacial reconstruction (CFR) can be a useful tool in the identification of the body. Traditional methods are based on manual reconstruction by physically modelling a face on a skull replica with clay or plasticine. The progress in computer science and the improvement of medical imaging technologies during recent years has had a significant impact on this domain. New, fast, flexible and computer-based objective reconstruction programs are under development. Employing the newer technologies and permanently evaluating the obtained results will hopefully lead to more accurate reconstructions, beneficial to the added value of CFR methods during crime-scene investigations. A general model-based workflow is observed, when analysing computerized CFR techniques today. The main purpose of this paper is to give an overview of existing computer-based CFR methods up to date defined within a common framework using a general taxonomy. The paper will also discuss the various alternatives and problems which arise during the process of designing a CFR program.
authors.affiliation: University of Melbourne, Melbourne Dental School, 4th floor 720 Swanston street, 3053 Carlton, Victoria, Australia. peter.claes1979@gmail.com
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Claes
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vandermeulen
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Greef
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: John Gerald
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suetens
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D012984:Software