title: Antiangiogenesis agents in colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system is a critical regulator of angiogenesis and known to promote tumor growth and invasion in colorectal cancer (CRC). Bevacizumab is currently the only VEGF inhibitor with clear proof of efficacy in CRC, but optimal use of this agent at various stages of the disease is still under investigation. Additionally, there are numerous other angiogenesis agents targeting VEGF and other proangiogenic systems in clinical development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although bevacizumab has been shown to improve outcomes in terms of progression-free and overall survival in the setting of metastatic CRC (mCRC), it does not appear to provide long-term benefit in the adjuvant setting. The combination of VEGF inhibition with epidermal growth factor inhibition with chemotherapy does not improve survival for patients with mCRC, and may potentially be harmful in the first-line setting. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in combination with other therapies show promise in early clinical trials in mCRC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current evidence suggests that the benefit of VEGF inhibition with bevacizumab in CRC is limited to the metastatic setting. Dual antibody therapy with bevacizumab and an epidermal growth factor inhibitor (cetuximab or panitumumab) should not be used in mCRC. Results of ongoing trials involving tyrosine kinase inhibitors may result in an expansion of treatment options for patients with CRC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. hubbard.joleen@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Joleen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grothey
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077157:Sorafenib; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009536:Niacinamide; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000077157:Sorafenib; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases