Generalization of helicoidal beams for short pulses.
A generalization to the transient regime is developed for waves with a phase singularity of the screw type. These singular waves are commonly called vortices for all kind of waves as, for instance, optical vortex or acoustical vortex. We generalize the definition of vortices to get an azimuthal velocity invariant for all the frequency components contained in the broad spectrum of a short pulse. This generalization leads to a modification of the orbital angular momentum definition. Another generalization is introduced by considering helicoidal waves with a finite number of turns. We demonstrate that, in this last case, the topological charge is no longer an integer. This provides a physical interpretation to vortices of fractional charge that are involved here to take into account the diffraction occurring at both tips of the now finite helical wave front. We show that shortening the pulse implies an angular localization of the wave energy and, as a consequence, a spreading of the angular momentum amplitude due to the uncertainty principle.
Thomas
Jean-Louis
JL
Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, UMR 7588, CNRS-Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France. jean-louis.thomas@insp.jussieu.fr
Brunet
Thomas
T
Coulouvrat
François
F