title: Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Pistacia integerrima extracts in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extracts of Pistacia integerrima galls have been dispensed by Traditional Practitioners of Subcontinent for chest diseases as well as for aches and pains in the body. This study was planned to evaluate the possible analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of Pistacia integerrima extracts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analgesia was determined using acetic acid induced abdominal constriction and formalin induced paw licking in mice. Antinociceptive effect was observed by thermally induced algesia in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pistacia integerrima leaves extracts showed significant response against chemically induced pain (P<0.001) whereas galls extracts had highly significant protection (P<0.0001) in a dose dependent manner. In thermally induced algesia, Pistacia integerrima galls extracts 200 mg/kg (p.o.), showed significant (P<0.05) response but less than pentazocine and diclofenac, positive references. The extracts of Pistacia integerrima 50-200 mg/kg (p.o.) had modest activity against hind paw acute and chronic inflammation induced by formalin (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that Pistacia integerrima extracts have antinociceptive and analgesic effects and no apparent acute toxicity on oral administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Wah Medical College Wah Cantt, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. saudnaseem@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Naseem Saud
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waheed
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farman
authors.forename: Aisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qayyum
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D019342:Acetic Acid; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010423:Pentazocine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D027927:Pistacia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010941:Plant Tumors
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D004008:Diclofenac; D005557:Formaldehyde; D019342:Acetic Acid; D010423:Pentazocine