title: A dynamic light scattering approach for monitoring dental composite curing kinetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a dynamic light scattering-based method for monitoring the polymerization reaction of a light activated dental composite.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laser light back-scattered from thin disk-shaped composite samples was used to study the curing reaction kinetics. Samples were irradiated simultaneously on opposite surfaces with a 633 nm laser beam and a halogen curing lamp (320, 160, or 100 mW/cm(2)). Dynamic laser speckle patterns were imaged onto a CCD camera at a rate of 32 frames/s for 2 min. The intensity decorrelation rate calculated from sequential speckle patterns was used to assess the rate of motion within the samples during the reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motion within the composite increased immediately upon the onset of light exposure for all trials. This was followed by a brief period characterized by a relatively constant high rate of motion. Finally the rate of motion decreased exponentially. The reaction acceleration, deceleration, and maximum rate were dependent upon the irradiance of the curing light source.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method monitors reaction rate and the change in reaction rate at high temporal resolution without contact. Reaction kinetics was shown to begin immediately after light exposure suggesting limited opportunity for viscous flow and stress relief.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Science and Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Elaine M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wells-Gray
authors.forename: Sean J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
mesh_terms: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007700:Kinetics; D007834:Lasers; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D044367:Phase Transition; D010781:Photography; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D012542:Scattering, Radiation
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate