title: Identifying psychosocial interventions that improve both physical and mental health in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with diabetes suffer high rates of mental health problems, and this combination is associated with poor outcomes. Although effective treatments exist for both diabetes and mental health problems, delivering services for physical and mental health problems separately ignores their interaction and may be inefficient. This systematic review sought to identify psychosocial interventions that could improve both the physical and mental health of patients with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were identified from the following databases: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica (EMBASE), Psychinfo, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). The review included randomized controlled trials in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who received psychosocial interventions and where both mental health and physical health outcomes were reported. Data were extracted on study quality, the content and process of interventions, and outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five eligible comparisons were identified, of which 49 reported sufficient data for analysis. Psychosocial interventions modestly improved A1C (standardized mean difference -0.29 [95% CI -0.37 to -0.21]) and mental health outcomes (-0.16 [-0.25 to -0.07]). However, there was a limited association between the effects on A1C and mental health, and no intervention characteristics predicted benefit on both outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Managing physical and mental health in long-term conditions are increasingly important. The review did not identify types of interventions that consistently provide benefits for both physical and mental health. Developing such interventions remains an important challenge. The findings have implications for understanding the interaction between physical and mental health problems and for the coordination of care.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harkness
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valderas
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coventry
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gask
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bower
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008603:Mental Health; D012944:Social Support