title: The antioxidant role of oral administration of garlic oil on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study we examined the effect of oral application of garlic form [garlic oil (GO)] on rats after renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, sham-operated, I/R, and I/R+GO. GO was diluted in water and administered by oral intubation three times each week for 6 weeks. All rats except sham-operated underwent 45 min of bilateral renal ischemia followed by 6 hr of reperfusion. Blood samples and kidney tissues were harvested from the rats, and then rats were killed. Serum urea, creatinine, and cystatin C levels were determined. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitrite oxide (NO), and protein carbonyl (PC) levels in kidney tissue and blood were measured. In addition, kidney tissue histopathology was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum urea, creatinine, and cystatin C levels were significantly higher in I/R group compared to I/R+GO group (p<0.01). The serum and tissue antioxidant markers (TAC, CAT) were significantly lower in I/R group than I/R+GO group (p<0.01). The serum oxidant markers (TOS, MPO, NO, and PC) were significantly higher in I/R group than I/R+GO group (p<0.01). Also oral application of GO was effective in decreasing of tubular necrosis score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the present data, we conclude that increased antioxidants and decreased oxidants modulated by oral application of GO attenuated the renal I/R injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medicine School of Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey. mrtsvs@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Savas
authors.forename: Ercan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yeni
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ciftci
authors.forename: Fahrettin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gulum
authors.forename: Bulent Sabri
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Keser
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verit
authors.forename: Mazhar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Utangac
authors.forename: Abdurrahim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kocyigit
authors.forename: Hakim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Muharrem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bitiren
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013440:Sulfides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D000975:Antioxidants; D055316:Cystatin C; D010938:Plant Oils; D013440:Sulfides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C038491:allyl sulfide; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase