The odyssey of marine pharmaceuticals: a current pipeline perspective.
The global marine pharmaceutical pipeline consists of three Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs, one EU registered drug, 13 natural products (or derivatives thereof) in different phases of the clinical pipeline and a large number of marine chemicals in the preclinical pipeline. In the United States there are three FDA approved marine-derived drugs, namely cytarabine (Cytosar-U((R)), Depocyt((R))), vidarabine (Vira-A((R))) and ziconotide (Prialt((R))). The current clinical pipeline includes 13 marine-derived compounds that are either in Phase I, Phase II or Phase III clinical trials. Several key Phase III studies are ongoing and there are seven marine-derived compounds now in Phase II trials. The preclinical pipeline continues to supply several hundred novel marine compounds every year and those continue to feed the clinical pipeline with potentially valuable compounds. From a global perspective the marine pharmaceutical pipeline remains very active, and now has sufficient momentum to deliver several additional compounds to the marketplace in the near future; this review provides a current view of the pipeline.
Mayer
Alejandro M S
AM
Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA. amayer@midwestern.edu <amayer@midwestern.edu>
Glaser
Keith B
KB
Cuevas
Carmen
C
Jacobs
Robert S
RS
Kem
William
W
Little
R Daniel
RD
McIntosh
J Michael
JM
Newman
David J
DJ
Potts
Barbara C
BC
Shuster
Dale E
DE
D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008386:Marine Biology; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
D001688:Biological Products; D015507:Drugs, Investigational