title: The effectiveness of health communication strategies in health education in Kushima, Japan.
abstract: Japan's 2008 health policy focuses more than ever on health education for behaviour change and outcome measures for physical health status. This is at odds with contemporary health promotion and health education, which frame health as a resource for everyday life and indicate that the evaluation of interventions should measure broader aspects of health rather than just physical aspects. The application of a combination of different health communication models and theories allows for a customized approach, depending on the types of change that are being sought, and can lead to increased relevance as well as a better fit when it comes to evaluating the achievement of broad health promotion goals. This article explores the application of the Outcome Model for Health Promotion to a two-year health education intervention in Kushima, Japan. This model measures program effectiveness from four aspects: physical health outcomes; intermediate health outcomes; health promotion outcomes; and health promotion actions. A quantitative and qualitative longitudinal, mixed model study design and methods were used for the analysis. Data was taken from health exams, structured interviews, and participant observations collected from 67 participants at four times over two years. This intervention relied primarily on health education and communication to achieve mental and social health outcomes more significantly and faster than physical health outcomes. The importance of moving outcome measurement beyond direct health achievements is discussed in light of the relationships between physical, mental, and social health and its determinants, and our results.
authors.affiliation: Global Health Communications, University of Tokyo, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan. ebina@globalhealthcommunications.com
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ebina
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Togari
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sparks
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care