title: Evolution of AbaR-type genomic resistance islands in multiply antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if members of the European clonal lineages are present amongst multiply antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Australia. To search for AbaR-type genomic antibiotic resistance islands and determine the genetic organization of any AbaR detected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of multiply antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii strains isolated between 2002 and 2007 at three Sydney hospitals were studied. Various molecular techniques were used to determine whether they belong to European epidemic clones and to detect and characterize the AbaR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One group of five isolates belonged to European clone I. In these, an AbaR-type island, characterized by the presence of resistance genes and Tn6018, was present. Mapping revealed two novel AbaR configurations, AbaR6 and AbaR7, with IS26-generated deletions of 29 and 36.2 kb, respectively, relative to AbaR5. The second group contained seven isolates belonging to European clone II and, in these, a different transposon was present in the same chromosomal location as the AbaR genomic resistance islands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiply antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii strains belonging to both European epidemic clonal lineages I and II are found in Australian hospitals, indicating that these clones are globally distributed. Amongst the isolates examined, only the clone I strains harboured an AbaR-type resistance island, and two novel types, AbaR6 and AbaR7, carrying only four antibiotic resistance genes were identified. Hence, AbaR are continuously evolving and IS26 plays a key role in this process.
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001315:Australia; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D044404:Genomic Islands; D005838:Genotype; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial