title: Association between lymphangiogenesis-/micrometastasis- and adhesion-related molecules in resected stage I NSCLC.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to clarify the role and clinical significance of lymphangiogenesis/micrometastases and adhesion molecules in resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to analyze the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), VEGF, E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin in paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 117 well-characterized stage I NSCLC patients and to compare the protein expression, clinical variables and survival outcome. As a micrometastatic parameter in lymph nodes (LNs), cytokeratin (CK) staining was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive expression of VEGF-C and VEGF were detected in 54 (48.7%) and 86 (73.5%), respectively. We identified micrometastatic tumor cells in pathological N0 LNs in 34 (29.1%) of 117 patients. E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin were identified in 70 (59.8%), 41 (35.0%), 83 (70.9%), and 61 (52.1%) specimens, respectively. The VEGF-C expression was found more frequently in squamous cell carcinoma (SQ) and in the tumors with negative expression of beta-catenin than counter features. The VEGF expression was found more frequently in the tumors with a negative expression of E-cadherin. Micrometastasis was found more frequently in a pathological T2 status and in the tumors with a negative expression of alpha-catenin. Beta-catenin and gamma-catenin expressions were found less and more frequently in SQ, respectively. A univariate and multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that old age, pathological T2 status, and micrometastasis were independently associated with an increased risk of poor survival in the patients who underwent a surgical resection of stage I NSCLC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complicated relationships exist between lymphangiogenesis/micrometastases and adhesion molecules with a specific histology. The detection of lymph nodal micrometastasis by CK may therefore be a useful marker for predicting a poor prognosis in patients who undergo a complete resection of stage I NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uramoto
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onitsuka
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takenoyama
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanagiri
authors.forename: Tsunehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: Kosei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasumoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D051177:Catenins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; D051177:Catenins; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D007633:Keratins