title: Reactivation of lymphocryptovirus (Epstein-Barr virus chimpanzee) and dominance in chimpanzees.
abstract: Nine male chimpanzees originally reared in solitary cages were set up to form a group. Plasma viral load of the lymphocryptovirus (LCV) of chimpanzee [Epstein-Barr virus chimpanzee (EBVcmp)] was measured by real-time PCR. In the group formation (Form) period, the first-ranking male showed an imminent increase in plasma EBVcmp load compared with 1 week before (pre-Form) and 3 months after (post-Form) group formation. Other upper-ranking males such as the second-, third- and fourth-male also showed the highest level of viral load in the Form period. The kinetics of EBVcmp load in the Form period were statistically different from other periods (against pre-Form, t=-4.878, P<0.001; against post-Form, t=6.434, P<0.001). The effect of the male dominance rank did not differ between the pre-Form and post-Form periods (t=-1.557, P=0.12). Reactivation of LCV (EBV) as an immunological stress marker for humans might also be applied to chimpanzees.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Rain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Chimpanzee Sanctuary Uto, Sanwa Chemical Co. Ltd, Uki, Kumamoto 896-3201, Japan.
authors.forename: Migaku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.affiliation: Sanwa Chemical Co. Ltd, Mie 511-0406, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hayasaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018420:Ape Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D018143:Lymphocryptovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D010949:Plasma / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019562:Viral Load; D014775:Virus Activation