title: Salmonella infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) patients are highly susceptible to infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aim to present our experience regarding the manifestations and outcomes of Salmonella infections in a group of Filipino SLE patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study reviewed the medical records of Filipino SLE patients with documented Salmonella infection seen at the Rheumatology Clinics of the University of Santo Tomas (UST) Hospital, Manila, Philippines from 2002 to 2009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Included were 12 patients (11 female), with mean age of 25.75 years (range 11-53 years) and average SLE disease duration 4.45 years to Salmonella infection. Five had septic arthritis (knee in 4, hip in 1), one of whom had concomitant typhoid fever. Another two patients had typhoid fever only. Sepsis syndrome was noted in three. One patient each had soft tissue abscess and meningitis. Salmonella typhi was isolated in seven patients, Salmonella sp. in four, and S. enteritidis in one patient. Two patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), another had mixed Salmonella and Klebsiella pneumonia. Eleven patients were on high-dose steroids for active disease, including one patient with antecedent first infusion of cyclophosphamide plus rituximab. Management consisted of antimicrobials and adjunct surgery for arthritis and abscess. Except for three patients with Salmonella sepsis, all other patients improved with appropriate therapy.
authors.affiliation: Section of Rheumatoutlogy, Clinical Immunology and Osteoporosis, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. joviegerona@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jovie G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gerona
authors.forename: Sandra V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Navarra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids