title: Parity and parents' health in later life: the gendered case of Ismailia, Egypt.
abstract: We investigate the relationship between reproduction and functional health in later life among women and men in the resource-poor and gender-stratified setting of Ismailia governorate, Egypt. Analyses of survey data collected in 2003 show a statistically significant positive association between parity and difficulty with activities of daily living (ADLs), controlling for demographic and socio-economic factors and other co-morbid conditions. We also find that the number of daughters (but not sons) is associated with worse physical functioning, and this association is more pronounced for older fathers than for older mothers. Our results indicate that both biological and social pathways link fertility and later-life health in this context, and that prescribed familial roles may underlie the differential impact of sons and daughters on the health of mothers and fathers in later life.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. mengelma@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engelman
authors.forename: Emily M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Agree
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Yount
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bishai
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D004534:Egypt; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D005783:Gender Identity; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010290:Parents; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors