title: Cell viability and PSA secretion assays in LNCaP cells: a tiered in vitro approach to screen chemicals with a prostate-mediated effect on male reproduction within the ReProTect project.
abstract: Prostate function is critical for male fertility; nevertheless, prostate was so far overlooked in reproductive toxicity assays. Within the EU project ReProTect, the human prostate cell line LNCaP was utilized to identify molecules targeting prostate function by the integrated assessment of cell viability (MTS assay) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) secretion as specific marker; a training set - five (anti)androgenic chemicals - and a ReProTect feasibility set - ten chemicals - were used. Several compounds reduced PSA only at cytotoxic concentrations. Androgens (DHT, MT) markedly increased PSA as did the herbicide glufosinate ammonium, not known as androgen agonist. Anti-androgens (2OH-flutamide, linuron, vinclozolin, di-n-butyl phthalate) also increased PSA, but the effect of magnitude was much lower than for androgens. The ER-binder bisphenol A reduced PSA, while increasing cell viability. At this stage, the approach can identify chemicals able to interfere with prostate function: further refinements may allow to include prostate effects in reproductive toxicity in vitro testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. stefano.lorenzetti@iss.it
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lorenzetti
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marcoccia
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Narciso
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mantovani
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000728:Androgens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000728:Androgens; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen