title: Assessment of mucosal immunity to HIV-1.
abstract: A key gap in the development and evaluation of HIV-1 vaccines is insufficient knowledge with regard to sampling techniques and assessment of mucosal immune responses required for early prevention and inhibition of viral dissemination. In an attempt to start bridging this gap, the EUROPRISE network of scientists working on HIV-1 vaccine and microbicide research organized a workshop with the aim to review the types of mucosal responses/biomarkers currently measured in mucosal immunology and to define how the mucosal responses/biomarkers are measured and/or the assays and sampling methods used. The Workshop addressed two critical questions: first whether, with current knowledge, it would be possible to define a consensus set of mucosal sampling methods to facilitate cross-species comparisons and ensure standardized implementation in clinical trials; second to determine the remaining challenges (technical and logistical) and their possible solutions for assessing mucosal responses to HIV-1 vaccines.
authors.affiliation: HIV/STI Epidemiology and Control Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium.
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jespers
authors.forename: Ali M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Harandi
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hinkula
authors.forename: Donata
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Medaglini
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Le Grand
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stahl-Hennig
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bogers
authors.forename: Raphaelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El Habib
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wegmann
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cranage
authors.forename: Robin J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Shattock
authors.forename: Anna-Lena
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Spetz
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D004493:Education / Q000592:standards; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines