title: In vitro measurement of temperature changes during implantation of cemented glenoid components.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is unclear whether the increase in temperature during cement curing may cause osteonecrosis, leading to loosening of the glenoid component in shoulder arthroplasty. We therefore analyzed the temperature during implantation of cemented glenoid implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 keeled and 8 pegged glenoids were implanted in standardized fashion in 8 pairs of scapulas. Temperature and pressure sensors were implanted at the bone-cement interface in the glenoid. Real-time measurements were made of temperature and pressure within the glenoid vault.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In no case was the temperature reached high enough to endanger the surrounding bone. The mean increase in temperature was 5 degrees (0.5-6.9) in the keeled group and 2.7 degrees (1.7-3.6) in the pegged group. The mean maximum pressure in the keeled group was 50 kPa (20-100) and in the pegged group it was 113 kPa (60- 181). Both differences were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The temperatures that occur during implantation of cemented components are low and probably not high enough to cause osteonecrosis in the surrounding bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Patric
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raiss
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pape
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jäger
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loew
authors.forename: Rudi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bitsch
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rickert
mesh_terms: D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001843:Bone Cements; D002484:Cementation; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007595:Joint Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements