title: Inhibition of proteasomal degradation of rpn4 impairs nonhomologous end-joining repair of DNA double-strand breaks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The proteasome homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated by a negative feedback circuit in which the transcription factor Rpn4 induces the proteasome genes and is rapidly degraded by the assembled proteasome. The integrity of the Rpn4-proteasome feedback loop is critical for cell viability under stressed conditions. We have demonstrated that inhibition of Rpn4 degradation sensitizes cells to DNA damage, particularly in response to high doses of DNA damaging agents. The underlying mechanism, however, remains unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using yeast genetics and biochemical approach we show that inhibition of Rpn4 degradation displays a synthetic growth defect with deletion of the MEC1 checkpoint gene and sensitizes several checkpoint mutants to DNA damage. In addition, inhibition of Rpn4 degradation leads to a defect in repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) by nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). The expression levels of several key NHEJ genes are downregulated and the recruitment of Yku70 to a DSB is reduced by inhibition of Rpn4 degradation. We find that Rpn4 and the proteasome are recruited to a DSB, suggesting their direct participation in NHEJ. Inhibition of Rpn4 degradation may result in a concomitant delay of release of Rpn4 and the proteasome from a DSB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the first evidence for the role of proteasomal degradation of Rpn4 in NHEJ.
authors.affiliation: Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Donghong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Xiaogang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Seung-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Jiejun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Youming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000502:physiology; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D021381:Protein Transport; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; C119430:RPN4 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex