title: Effects of high-dose major components in oral disinfectants on the cell cycle and apoptosis in primary human gingival fibroblasts in vitro.
abstract: We evaluated the effects of high-dose major components in oral disinfectants on oral cells from the standpoints of the cell cycle and apoptosis. We examined the viability and cell cycle of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) treated with the components of dental disinfectants, benzethonium chloride (BEC), benzalkonium chloride (BAC), and povidone iodine (PVD-I) using a cell counting kit and flow cytometry. The IC(50) inhibitory concentration value in HGF cultures at 24 hours was 1.3x10(-2) mM BEC, 6.0x10(-3) mM BAC, and 2.6x10(-1) mM PVD-I. In the cell cycle analysis, propidium iodide-stained HGFs were arrested in G(0)/G(1) of the cell cycle by all three disinfectants, and in the apoptosis assay, annexin V-FITC/PI-stained HGFs that became apoptotic at 5.0x10(-2) and 1.0x10(-1) mM BEC and 5.0x10(-2) and 1.0x10(-1) mM BAC, but not in PVD-I at concentrations as high as 5.0x10(-1) mM. Our findings describe the effects of high-dose oral disinfectants, rather than clinical concentrations. Nevertheless, appreciating the effects of high-dose disinfectants absorbed into the human body is important, where they may accumulate in specific tissues and cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan. ynomura@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Ujjal Kumar
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Bhawal
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nishikiori
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawajiri
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okazaki
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017209:Apoptosis; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D001558:Benzethonium / Q000633:toxicity; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D019551:Dental Disinfectants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D019551:Dental Disinfectants; D001558:Benzethonium; D011206:Povidone-Iodine