title: Towards a bottom-up perspective on animal and human cognition.
abstract: Over the last few decades, comparative cognitive research has focused on the pinnacles of mental evolution, asking all-or-nothing questions such as which animals (if any) possess a theory of mind, culture, linguistic abilities, future planning, and so on. Research programs adopting this top-down perspective have often pitted one taxon against another, resulting in sharp dividing lines. Insight into the underlying mechanisms has lagged behind. A dramatic change in focus now seems to be under way, however, with increased appreciation that the basic building blocks of cognition might be shared across a wide range of species. We argue that this bottom-up perspective, which focuses on the constituent capacities underlying larger cognitive phenomena, is more in line with both neuroscience and evolutionary biology.
authors.affiliation: Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, 954 North Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu
authors.forename: Frans B M
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: de Waal
authors.forename: Pier Francesco
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans