title: The role of cell biology and leaflet remodeling in the progression of heart valve disease.
abstract: Heart valves are complex tri-layered structures that ensure the unidirectional flow of blood. Scientists are actively investigating how characteristics of the two major cell types, valvular endothelial cells (VECs) and valvular interstitial cells (VICs), and their mechanical relationships with the valvular extracellular matrix promote structural integrity and age-related remodeling. Abnormal changes in VECs, VICs, and the extracellular matrix at the molecular level lead to gross tissue malformations and dysfunction. This review addresses current advances in the field of valve biology, mechanisms underlying valvular leaflet remodeling, and common pathological manifestations. Improving our understanding of heart valve biology, the impact of cardiovascular drugs, and remodeling changes will be critical to the development of novel therapies for heart valve diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: K Jane
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Grande-Allen
mesh_terms: D001705:Bioprosthesis; D018450:Disease Progression; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000473:pathology*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D023822:Tissue Engineering