title: Effects of 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on clinical global impression in chronic schizophrenia.
abstract: We conducted a randomized, sham-controlled repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) study in chronic schizophrenia in-patients (n=35) to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of 10 Hz stimulation. Patients, who were on stable antipsychotic treatment, were randomly assigned to the active or sham condition. In the active rTMS group, ten sessions with a total of 10,000 stimuli were applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 110% of motor threshold. The sham group received corresponding sham stimulation. Clinical improvement was measured by the Clinical Global Impression scale (primary outcome measure), the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS; secondary outcome measures). Between-group comparisons revealed no significant differences in clinical outcome variables. Only a subgroup of patients with pronounced negative symptoms developed some clinical improvement as indicated by significant changes in the GAF-scale. Besides there is some evidence for a more favourable clinical outcome within this subgroup after rTMS in the CGI-S and PANSS negative scale, too. In line with earlier investigations, our results suggest a moderate - potentially clinically relevant - treatment effect of prefrontal 10 Hz rTMS stimulation in chronic patients. However, in our study this beneficial effect was restricted to subjects with pronounced negative symptoms.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT00169689, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstr. 2, D-40629 Düsseldorf, Germany. joachim@cordes@lvr.de
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cordes
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thünker
authors.forename: Marcus W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Agelink
authors.forename: Mareke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arends
authors.forename: Arian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mobascher
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wobrock
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schneider-Axmann
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brinkmeyer
authors.forename: Margarethe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mittrach
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Regenbrecht
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wölwer
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Winterer
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gaebel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*