title: Parenting intervention for externalizing behavior problems in children born premature: an initial examination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the initial efficacy of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) for treating behavior problems in young children who were born premature.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized, controlled trial, 28 children between the ages of 18 and 60 months, who were born <37 weeks gestation and presented with clinically significant externalizing behavior problems, were randomly assigned to an immediate treatment (IT) or waitlist (WL) control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 4 months, children who received PCIT were reported by their mother to have less attention problems, aggressive behaviors, and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems, and they were observed to be more compliant to maternal commands than children in the WL group. In addition, mothers in the IT group interacted more positively with their child, reported lower parenting stress related to difficult child behavior and demonstrated improved parenting practices compared with WL mothers. Behavior change maintained for 80% of the IT children 4 months after treatment completion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates preliminary efficacy of PCIT for the treatment of behavior problems in young children who were born premature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. dbagner@fiu.edu
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bagner
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sheinkopf
authors.forename: Betty R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Vohr
authors.forename: Barry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lester
mesh_terms: D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D047928:Premature Birth; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome