title: Incidence of respiratory pathogens in persons hospitalized with pneumonia in two provinces in Thailand.
abstract: Although pneumonia is a leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide, comprehensive information about its causes and incidence in low- and middle-income countries is lacking. Active surveillance of hospitalized patients with pneumonia is ongoing in Thailand. Consenting patients are tested for seven bacterial and 14 viral respiratory pathogens by PCR and viral culture on nasopharyngeal swab specimens, serology on acute/convalescent sera, sputum smears and antigen detection tests on urine. Between September 2003 and December 2005, there were 1730 episodes of radiographically confirmed pneumonia (34·6% in children aged <5 years); 66 patients (3·8%) died. A recognized pathogen was identified in 42·5% of episodes. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was associated with 16·7% of all pneumonias, 41·2% in children. The viral pathogen with the highest incidence in children aged <5 years was RSV (417·1/100,000 per year) and in persons aged ≥50 years, influenza virus A (38·8/100,000 per year). These data can help guide health policy towards effective prevention strategies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emerging Infections and Surveillance Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. SOlsen@cdc.gov
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thamthitiwat
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chantra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chittaganpitch
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Simmerman
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Baggett
authors.forename: T C T
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Peret
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erdman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Talkington
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thacker
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tondella
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winchell
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Peruski
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ungchusak
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sawanpanyalert
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Dowell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000652:urine; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012698:Serologic Tests; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014776:Virus Cultivation; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial