title: Repetitive breath-hold diving causes serious brain injury.
abstract: We report on a Japanese male professional breath-hold diver (Ama) who developed neurological disorders during repetitive dives to 22 meters of sea water. Each diving duration and surface interval were 40-80 seconds and 20-30 seconds, respectively. He suffered from sensory numbness of the right cheek, hand and foot, and double vision after more than two hours of consecutive dives. Magnetic resonance images of his brain showed multiple cerebral infarcts, and one of the lesions was situated in the brainstem. There is a possibility that repetitive deep breath-hold dives with short surface intervals can induce fatal accidents for divers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Tamaki Hospital, Hagi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohshi
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sajima
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takeyama
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishitake
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003665:Decompression Sickness / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004242:Diving / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012119:Respiration; D013997:Time Factors