title: Identification of plant families associated with the predators Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Menéville (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) using pollen grain as a natural marker.
abstract: The predators Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Menéville (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) and Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), are frequently observed on vegetable crops, especially on tomato plants, as well as on flowers of several plants around crop fields. It is well known that when predators feed on pollen and nectar they can increase their longevity and reproductive capacity. The objective of this work was to identify plants that could be a pollen source for H. convergens and C. externa in order to develop strategies to attract and keep these predators in vegetable fields like the tomato crop. Adults of C. externa (53 individuals) and H. convergens (43 individuals) were collected in fields from 2004-2005 at Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília, Federal District. The insects were processed by the acetolysis method and pollen from them was extracted and identified. A total of 11335 grains of pollen belonging to 21 families were extracted from C. externa. A total of 46 pollen grains belonging to ten families were extracted from H. convergens. The Poaceae family was the most abundant one for C. externa while Asteraceae was the commonest pollen for H. convergens. The importance of pollen from different plant species as a food resource for each predator species gives an indication of the importance of plant community structure inside and around crop fields for the establishment of these predator populations and to enhance conservation biological control.
authors.affiliation: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, Gama, DF, Brazil. maria.alice@embrapa.br <maria.alice@embrapa.br>
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castelo Branco
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Sujii
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Salgado-Laboriau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000502:physiology*; D007313:Insecta / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000145:classification*; D011058:Pollen / Q000145:classification*; D012621:Seasons