title: The effect of periodontal treatment on serum leptin, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies suggest that periodontitis is closely related to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Leptin, a pleiotrophic hormone produced by adipose tissue, has been reported to be related to periodontitis. This study investigates the effects of periodontal treatment on the serum levels of leptin and other cytokines in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were taken from 33 CP patients (22 non-smokers, 11 smokers) and 18 healthy subjects. The serum leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences between healthy and CP patients were found in serum leptin, IL-6, and CRP levels (P = 0.0018, P = 0.0064, and P = 0.0095, respectively). The serum leptin level was associated with mean probing depth, mean clinical attachment level, mean alveolar bone loss, and body mass index. There were significant associations between serum leptin levels and IL-6 and CRP levels. After non-surgical periodontal treatment, serum leptin, IL-6, and CRP levels were significantly decreased (mean +/- SD before and after, P value, respectively: leptin, 8.02 +/- 5.5, 7.10 +/- 4.4, P = 0.015; IL-6, 1.73 +/- 1.02, 1.36 +/- 0.73, P = 0.048; and CRP, 802.0 +/- 1065, 491.2 +/- 479.3, P = 0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontal treatment is effective in reducing serum leptin, IL-6, and CRP levels. The results suggest that leptin, IL-6, and CRP could be mediating factors that connect metabolic syndrome and periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Ikuyo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ikezawa-Suzuki
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshie
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D012534:Dental Scaling; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D016745:Root Planing; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein