title: DN1(p) circadian neurons coordinate acute light and PDF inputs to produce robust daily behavior in Drosophila.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Daily behaviors in animals are determined by the interplay between internal timing signals from circadian clocks and environmental stimuli such as light. How these signals are integrated to produce timely and adaptive behavior is unclear. The fruit fly Drosophila exhibits clock-driven activity increases that anticipate dawn and dusk and free-running rhythms under constant conditions. Flies also respond to the onset of light and dark with acute increases in activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mutants of a novel ion channel, narrow abdomen (na), lack a robust increase in activity in response to light and show reduced anticipatory behavior and free-running rhythms, providing a genetic link between photic responses and circadian clock function. We used tissue-specific rescue of na to demonstrate a role for approximately 16-20 circadian pacemaker neurons, a subset of the posterior dorsal neurons 1 (DN1(p)s), in mediating the acute response to the onset of light as well as morning anticipatory behavior. Circadian pacemaker neurons expressing the neuropeptide PIGMENT-DISPERSING FACTOR (PDF) are especially important for morning anticipation and free-running rhythms and send projections to the DN1(p)s. We also demonstrate that DN1(p)Pdfr expression is sufficient to rescue, at least partially, Pdfr morning anticipation defects as well as defects in free-running rhythms, including those in DN1 molecular clocks. Additionally, these DN1 clocks in wild-type flies are more strongly reset to timing changes in PDF clocks than other pacemaker neurons, suggesting that they are direct targets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taking these results together, we demonstrate that the DN1(p)s lie at the nexus of PDF and photic signaling to produce appropriate daily behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Luoying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Brian Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Bridget C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lear
authors.forename: Valerie L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Kilman
authors.forename: Yixiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guruswamy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mahesh
authors.forename: Rose-Anne
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Meissner
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hardin
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Allada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D017344:Genes, Insect; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017440:Photoperiod; D017956:Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; C113883:pdf protein, Drosophila