title: Fluoroquinolone resistance and Clostridium difficile, Germany.
abstract: We characterized 670 Clostridium difficile isolates collected from patients in 84 hospitals in Germany in 2008. PCR ribotyping showed high prevalence of ribotype 001 and restricted dissemination of ribotype 027 strains. Fluoroquinolone resistance and associated gyrase mutations were frequent in various ribotypes, but no resistance to metronidazole or vancomycin was noted.
authors.affiliation: Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany. zaissh@rki.de
authors.forename: Nils Henning
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Zaiss
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nübel
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D021521:Ribotyping; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D008795:Metronidazole; D014640:Vancomycin