title: Automated electronic reminders to facilitate primary cardiovascular disease prevention: randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary care databases contain cardiovascular disease risk factor data, but practical tools are required to improve identification of at-risk patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the effects of a system of electronic reminders (the 'e-Nudge') on cardiovascular events and the adequacy of data for cardiovascular risk estimation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen general practices in the West Midlands, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  The e-Nudge identifies four groups of patients aged over 50 years on the basis of estimated cardiovascular risk and adequacy of risk factor data in general practice computers. Screen messages highlight individuals at raised risk and prompt users to complete risk profiles where necessary. The proportion of the study population in the four groups was measured, as well as the rate of cardiovascular events in each arm after 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 38 000 patients' electronic records were randomised. The intervention led to an increase in the proportion of patients with sufficient data who were identifiably at risk, with a difference of 1.94% compared to the control group (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38 to 2.50, P<0.001). A corresponding reduction occurred in the proportion potentially at risk but requiring further data for a risk estimation (difference = -3.68%, 95% CI = -4.53 to -2.84, P<0.001). No significant difference was observed in the incidence of cardiovascular events (rate ratio = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.85 to 1.10, P = 0.59).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Automated electronic reminders using routinely collected primary care data can improve the adequacy of cardiovascular risk factor information during everyday practice and increase the visibility of the at-risk population.
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry. tim.holt@warwick.ac.uk
authors.forename: Tim A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thorogood
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munday
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Friede
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stables
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D057286:Electronic Health Records / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004739:England; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D017010:Reminder Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors