title: High levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, insulin resistance and saturated fatty acids are associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atherosclerosis begins and progresses during childhood and adolescence. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest abnormalities that can be detected in the development of atherosclerosis. As the determinants of endothelial function in childhood are unknown, we investigated the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on endothelial function in a cohort of healthy adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 257 adolescents (age: 14.5 + or - 1.0 years, 138 girls) participated in this study. Endothelial function was measured as reactive hyperemic index (RHI) using a fingertip peripheral arterial tonometry device. Blood samples were collected for analysis of lipids, insulin, glucose, fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids, and markers of inflammation and endothelial function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no gender difference in RHI. Boys had higher plasma level of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and lower level of insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), ApoA1, ApoB, and docosahexaenoic acid of plasma phospholipids than girls. There was no gender difference regarding triacylglycerol, triacylglycerol/HDL, LDL/HDL and ApoB/ApoA. The RHI was inversely associated with plasma ICAM-1 (p=0.0003), HOMA index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, p=0.001) and saturated fatty acids of plasma phospholipids (SFA, p=0.001). The associations remained significant after adjusting for age, height, BMI-z-score, sex, blood pressure, HDL and smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In healthy adolescents impaired endothelial function is significantly associated with high level of soluble ICAM-1, HOMA-IR and SFA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Clinical Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, SE 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. yun.chen@wlab.gu.se
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Osika
authors.forename: Frida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dangardt
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Strandvik
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Friberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1