title: Metabolism and function of phenazines in bacteria: impacts on the behavior of bacteria in the environment and biotechnological processes.
abstract: Phenazines constitute a large group of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds produced by a diverse range of bacteria. Both natural and synthetic phenazine derivatives are studied due their impacts on bacterial interactions and biotechnological processes. Phenazines serve as electron shuttles to alternate terminal acceptors, modify cellular redox states, act as cell signals that regulate patterns of gene expression, contribute to biofilm formation and architecture, and enhance bacterial survival. Phenazines have diverse effects on eukaryotic hosts and host tissues, including the modification of multiple host cellular responses. In plants, phenazines also may influence growth and elicit induced systemic resistance. Here, we discuss emerging evidence that phenazines play multiple roles for the producing organism and contribute to their behavior and ecological fitness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, 202 Horticultural and Forestry Sciences Building, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA. plpm-head@ag.tamu.edu
authors.forename: Leland S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Pierson
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Pierson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D001709:Biotechnology; D017753:Ecosystem; D004579:Electron Transport; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010619:Phenazines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D010619:Phenazines; D007501:Iron