title: The L-cysteine/L-cystine shuttle system provides reducing equivalents to the periplasm in Escherichia coli.
abstract: Intracellular thiols like L-cysteine and glutathione play a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes. Escherichia coli has multiple L-cysteine transporters, which export L-cysteine from the cytoplasm into the periplasm. However, the role of L-cysteine in the periplasm remains unknown. Here we show that an L-cysteine transporter, YdeD, is required for the tolerance of E. coli cells to hydrogen peroxide. We also present evidence that L-cystine, a product from the oxidation of L-cysteine by hydrogen peroxide, is imported back into the cytoplasm in a manner dependent on FliY, the periplasmic L-cystine-binding protein. Remarkably, this protein, which is involved in the recycling of the oxidized L-cysteine, is also found to be important for the hydrogen peroxide resistance of this organism. Furthermore, our analysis of the transcription of relevant genes revealed that the transcription of genes encoding FliY and YdeD is highly induced by hydrogen peroxide rather than by L-cysteine. These findings led us to propose that the inducible L-cysteine/L-cystine shuttle system plays an important role in oxidative stress tolerance through providing a reducing equivalent to the periplasm in E. coli.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan. iohtsu@bs.naist.jp
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ohtsu
authors.forename: Natthawut
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wiriyathanawudhiwong
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morigasaki
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kadokura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takagi
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D001692:Biological Transport; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D019897:Periplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D003545:Cysteine; D010100:Oxygen