Whole tumor antigen vaccines.
Although cancer vaccines with defined antigens are commonly used, the use of whole tumor cell preparations in tumor immunotherapy is a very promising approach and can obviate some important limitations in vaccine development. Whole tumor cells are a good source of TAAs and can induce simultaneous CTLs and CD4(+) T helper cell activation. We review current approaches to prepare whole tumor cell vaccines, including traditional methods of freeze-thaw lysates, tumor cells treated with ultraviolet irradiation, and RNA electroporation, along with more recent methods to increase tumor cell immunogenicity with HOCl oxidation or infection with replication-incompetent herpes simplex virus.
Chiang
Cheryl Lai-Lai
CL
Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, USA.
Benencia
Fabian
F
Coukos
George
G
D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D009336:Necrosis; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000276:immunology
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines