title: Advanced glycation end-products affect transcription factors regulating insulin gene expression.
abstract: Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) are generated by the covalent interaction of reducing sugars with proteins, lipids or nucleic acids. AGEs are implicated in diabetic complications and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. We previously demonstrated that exposure of the pancreatic islet cell line HIT-T15 to high concentrations of AGEs leads to a significant decrease of insulin secretion and content. Insulin gene transcription is positively regulated by the beta cell specific transcription factor PDX-1 (Pancreatic and Duodenal Homeobox-1). On the contrary, the forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 inhibits PDX-1 gene transcription. Activity of FoxO1 is regulated by post-translational modifications: phosphorylation deactivates FoxO1, and acetylation prevents FoxO1 ubiquitination. In this work we investigated whether AGEs affect expression and subcellular localization of PDX-1 and FoxO1. HIT-T15 cells were cultured for 5 days in presence of AGEs. Cells were then lysed and processed for subcellular fractionation. We determined intracellular insulin content, then we assessed the expression and subcellular localization of PDX-1, FoxO1, phosphoFoxO1 and acetylFoxO1. As expected intracellular insulin content was lower in HIT-T15 cells cultured with AGEs. The results showed that AGEs decreased expression and nuclear localization of PDX-1, reduced phosphorylation of FoxO1, and increased expression and acetylation of FoxO1. These results suggest that AGEs decrease insulin content unbalancing transcription factors regulating insulin gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy. alep100@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puddu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Storace
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Odetti
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Viviani
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C499517:FOXO3 protein, human; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D015534:Trans-Activators; C084010:pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 protein