title: Interactions of neanderthals and modern humans: what can be inferred from mitochondrial DNA?
abstract: This paper reviews the state-of-the-art knowledge concerning the relationship between Neanderthals and Upper Paleolithic modern humans. The branching-process method is applied to infer the upper limit of hypothetical Neanderthal admixture, consistent with the evidence based on mitochon- drial DNA sequences of contemporary modern humans, as well as Neanderthal and early modern European H. sapiens fossils. As a result, a maximum value of 15% admixture is obtained. This estimate is discussed in the context of its consequences for the two competing theories of modern human origin.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Informatics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland. chrisc1@rice.edu.
authors.forename: Krzysztof A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cyran
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimmel