title: Fibroblast growth factor 21 action in the brain increases energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity in obese rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) exerts diverse, beneficial effects on energy balance and insulin sensitivity when administered systemically to rodents with diet-induced obesity (DIO). The current studies investigate whether central FGF21 treatment recapitulates these effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  After preliminary dose-finding studies, either saline vehicle or recombinant human FGF21 (0.4 microg/day) was infused continuously for 2 weeks into the lateral cerebral ventricle of male Wistar rats rendered obese by high-fat feeding. Study end points included measures of energy balance (body weight, body composition, food intake, energy expenditure, and circulating and hepatic lipids) and glucose metabolism (insulin tolerance test, euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, and hepatic expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with vehicle, continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of FGF21 increased both food intake and energy expenditure in rats with DIO, such that neither body weight nor body composition was altered. Despite unchanged body fat content, rats treated with intracerebroventricular FGF21 displayed a robust increase of insulin sensitivity due to increased insulin-induced suppression of both hepatic glucose production and gluconeogenic gene expression, with no change of glucose utilization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FGF21 action in the brain increases hepatic insulin sensitivity and metabolic rate in rats with DIO. These findings identify the central nervous system as a potentially important target for the beneficial effects of FGF21 in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sarruf
authors.forename: Joshua P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Thaler
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: German
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogimoto
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; C414620:fibroblast growth factor 21; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors