title: XMRV infection in patients with prostate cancer: novel serologic assay and correlation with PCR and FISH.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a serum-based assay to detect neutralizing antibodies to the xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) retrovirus and to use this assay with polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization to identify patients with prostate cancer previously exposed to XMRV infection and those who carry XMRV viral sequences in their prostate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy were enrolled, and biologic specimens were obtained at surgery. The patients were genotyped for the R462Q RNASEL variant using a TaqMan genotyping assay on DNA from the peripheral blood. A serum assay that detects XMRV neutralizing antibodies was developed and used to determine which patients had serologic evidence of previous infection with XMRV virus. Some of these patients were also tested for the presence of XMRV nucleotide sequences in their prostate using polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a serum dilution of 1:150, our assay detected 11 (27.5%) of 40 patients with XMRV neutralizing antibodies, including 8 (40%) of 20 with the RNASEL genotype QQ and 3 (15%) of 20 with either the RQ or RR genotype. These results were in complete concordance with 2 other assays (polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization), which were designed to detect XMRV infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  XMRV infects some patients with prostate cancer. Neutralizing antibodies against XMRV correlated with 2 independent methods of detecting the virus in the prostate. The antibody response suggests that with clinical serologic assay development, it might be possible to screen patients for XMRV infection. The cases presented in the present report provided biologic samples that can be used for the development of a clinically relevant assay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Natalia V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Makarova
authors.forename: Adeboye O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Osunkoya
authors.forename: Suganthi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suppiah
authors.forename: Takara A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Nicole A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Sushma M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bhosle
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liotta
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Fray F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Hinh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ly
authors.forename: Ross J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Molinaro
authors.forename: Jerry L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Petros
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D009052:Leukemia Virus, Murine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology*; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology*; D012698:Serologic Tests; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing