title: Molecular detection, quantification and characterization of human polyomavirus JC from waste water in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
abstract: Polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) is largely excreted by the human population through the urinary route and has been recognized as a potential viral marker for human waste contamination. This study aims to investigate the dissemination of JCPyV in waste water from a sewage treatment plant (STP) located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to describe the prevalence of JCPyV subtypes currently present in this population. Raw and treated sewage samples were collected bimonthly during one year, and examined for the presence of JCPyV using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). JCPyV was detected by nPCR in 96% and 43% of raw and treated sewage samples, respectively. The concentration of JCPyV present in the samples ranged from 1.2x10(3) to 3.2x10(5) and 2.6x10(2) to 6.2x10(3) genome copies per 2 ml of concentrated raw and treated sewage sample, respectively. The strains were characterized and the obtained nucleotide sequences indicated that the detected JCPyV strains clustered with subtypes of East African, West African and European origin. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the incidence and diversity of JCPyV strains in raw and treated sewage in Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Pavilhão Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Avenida Brasil 4.365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil. tuliomf@ioc.fiocruz.br
authors.forename: Tulio Machado
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Fumian
authors.forename: Flávia Ramos
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Beatriz Jesus
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Pereira Vaz
authors.forename: Marcus Tulius Teixeira
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Flávia Fontenelle
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Muylaert
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bofill-Mas
authors.forename: Rosina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gironés
authors.forename: José Paulo G
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Marize Pereira
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Miagostovich
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001938:Brazil; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007577:JC Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D012722:Sewage