title: Evolution of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-type 1 and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-type 3.
abstract: A key regulator of glucocorticoid action is 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-type 1 (11beta-HSD1), which catalyzes the conversion of cortisone to cortisol, the biologically active glucocorticoid. 11beta-HSD1 is a paralog of 11beta-HSD3, whose physiological function remains unclear. As reported here, 11beta-HSD3 has orthologs in sea urchin, amphioxus and Ciona, while 11beta-HSD1 first appears in sharks. Thus, 11beta-HSD3 arose before the evolution of glucocorticoid signaling, suggesting different ancestral function(s) for 11beta-HSD3. Four perplexing findings arise from this evolutionary analysis: (1) 11beta-HSD1 is not present in a ray-finned fish genome, (2) zebrafish and fathead minnow contain two isoforms of 11beta-HSD3; (3) neither rat nor mouse contain 11beta-HSD3 and (4) amphioxus contains 16 11beta-HSD3 paralogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0693, USA. mbaker@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D003348:Cortisone / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D003348:Cortisone; D006854:Hydrocortisone