title: Engraftment, migration and differentiation of neural stem cells in the rat spinal cord following contusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Spinal cord injury is a devastating injury that impacts drastically on the victim's quality of life. Stem cells have been proposed as a therapeutic strategy. Neural stem (NS) cells have been harvested from embryonic mouse forebrain and cultured as adherent cells. These NS cells express markers of neurogenic radial glia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse NS cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were transplanted into immunosupressed rat spinal cords following moderate contusion injury at T9. Animals were left for 2 and 6 weeks then spinal cords were fixed, cryosectioned and analyzed. Stereologic methods were used to estimate the volume and cellular environment of the lesions. Engraftment, migration and differentiation of NS cells were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NS cells integrated well into host tissue and appeared to migrate toward the lesion site. They expressed markers of neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes at 2 weeks post-transplantation and markers of neurons and astrocytes at the 6-week time-point. NS cells appeared to have a similar morphologic phenotype to radial glia, in particular at the pial surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although no functional recovery was observed using the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale, NS cells are a potential cellular therapy for treatment of injured spinal cord. They may be used as delivery vehicles for therapeutic proteins because they show an ability to migrate toward the site of a lesion. They may also be used to replace lost or damaged neurons and oligodendrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Siobhan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albermann
authors.forename: Gemma E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hynes
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dockery
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Windebank
authors.forename: Timothy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Allsopp
authors.forename: Frank P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Barry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers