title: Impact of pinna compression on the RF absorption in the heads of adult and juvenile cell phone users.
abstract: The electromagnetic exposure of cell phone users depends on several parameters. One of the most dominant of these is the distance between the cell phone and the head tissue. The pinna can be regarded as a spacer between the top of the phone and the head tissue. The size of this spacer has not yet been systematically studied. The objective of this article is to investigate the variations of distance as a function of age of the exposed person, and the mechanical force on the pinna and how it affects the peak spatial specific absorption rate (psSAR). The distances were measured for adults and children (6-8 years of age) while applying a well-defined force on the pinna using a custom-developed measurement device. The average distances of the pinnae to the heads and their standard deviations showed no major differences between the two age groups: 10.5 +/- 2.0 mm for children (6-8 years) and 9.5 +/- 2.0 mm for adults. The pinnae of our anatomical high-resolution head models of one adult and two children were transformed according to the measurement results. The numerical exposure analysis showed that the reduced distance due to the pinna compression can increase the maximum 10 g psSAR by approximately 2 dB for adults and children, if the exposure maximum is associated with the upper part of the phone.
authors.affiliation: Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Zürich, Switzerland. christ@itis.ethz.ch
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christ
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gosselin
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D040421:Cell Phone; D002648:Child; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D054644:Ear Auricle; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D011829:Radiation Dosage