First identification of Toll-like receptor-4 in avian brain: evolution of lipopolysaccharide recognition and inflammation-dependent responses.
In this work, we examine the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment on nerve cells of chick embryo used as a universal avian model. We demonstrate that LPS leads to a dramatic cell loss in primary cultures of both glia and neurons, isolated from chick embryos. Toxic effects appear to be mediated by the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 complex, expressed in both glial and neuronal cells, since after TLR-4 silencing by RNA interference experiments LPS-induced cytotoxicity was prevented. The role of nitric oxide in LPS-induced cell damage has also been investigated. These results demonstrate, for the first time in avian nerve cells, the surface expression of TLR-4 and its role as a pattern recognition receptor involved in LPS-induced cell responses in a similar manner to that observed in mammals.
Saponaro
Concetta
C
Dipartimento di Anatomia Umana e Istologia, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy.
Cianciulli
Antonia
A
Calvello
Rosa
R
Cavallo
Pasqua
P
Mitolo
Vincenzo
V
Panaro
Maria Antonietta
MA
D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II