title: Membrane-associated glucocorticoid activity is necessary for modulation of long-term memory via chromatin modification.
abstract: Glucocorticoid hormones enhance the consolidation of long-term memory of emotionally arousing training experiences. This memory enhancement requires activation of the cAMP-dependent kinase pathway and the subsequent phosphorylation of cAMP response-element binding (CREB) protein. Here, we demonstrate that glucocorticoids enhance the consolidation of hippocampus-dependent and hippocampus-independent aspects of object recognition memory via chromatin modification. More specifically, systemic corticosterone increases histone acetylation, a form of chromatin modification, in both the hippocampus and insular cortex following training on an object recognition task. This led us to examine whether increasing histone acetylation via histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition enhances memory in a manner similar to corticosterone. We found a double dissociation between posttraining HDAC inhibitor infusion into the insular cortex and hippocampus on the enhancement of object recognition and object location memory, respectively. In determining the molecular pathway upstream of glucocorticoids' effects on chromatin modification, we found that activation of membrane-associated glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and the subsequent interaction between phospho-CREB and CREB-binding protein (CBP) appear to be necessary for glucocorticoids to enhance memory consolidation via chromatin modification. In contrast, mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) do not appear to be involved. The findings also indicate that glucocorticoid activity has differential influences on hippocampus-dependent and hippocampus-independent components of memory for objects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Section Anatomy, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands. b.roozendaal@med.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Benno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roozendaal
authors.forename: Angelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: Roelina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hagewoud
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malvaez
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Stefanko
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haettig
authors.forename: Marcelo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D055879:Gene Knock-In Techniques; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid