title: Long-term outcome of combined valve repair and maze procedure for nonrheumatic mitral regurgitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The long-term outcomes of combined mitral repair and maze procedure for patients with nonrheumatic mitral regurgitation and chronic atrial fibrillation were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 1992 and December 2008, 187 patients underwent a combined mitral repair and maze procedure. The mean follow-up period was 7.4 ± 4.3 years. Chordal reconstruction was performed in 69 patients, leaflet resection in 91, edge-to-edge leaflet suture in 30, and ring annuloplasty in 156. In addition, a cryo-maze procedure was applied in 110, and a Cox-Kosakai maze and radiofrequency maze were applied in the others.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 2 operative deaths and the 15-year survival was 71%. The 15-year freedom from greater than grade 3 mitral regurgitation was 61%; rates of freedom from heart failure (New York Heart Association class ≥ III) and reoperations were 79% and 91%, respectively. Cardiac function was improved and left ventricular size was decreased significantly postoperatively. Multivariate analysis showed that a large left ventricular diastolic diameter (≥65 mm) was an independent risk factor for recurrent mitral regurgitation. Eleven thromboembolic episodes (0.79%/patient-year) were detected during follow-up examinations, of which 7 occurred in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation. Sinus rhythm was regained in 86% after 6 months and in 63% after 15 years. Multivariate analysis showed that a small-voltage f wave was an independent risk factor for AF recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combined mitral valve repair and maze procedure provided low rates of morbidity and mortality and led to well-preserved cardiac function. Left ventricular diastolic diameter and f-wave voltage can be accurate predictors of good long-term outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan. tfujita@hsp.ncvc.go.jp
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Junjiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iba
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimahara
authors.forename: Toshikatu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagihara
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D012086:Reoperation; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome