title: Correlation of Trichomonas vaginalis to bacterial vaginosis: a laboratory-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to define the occurrence of different organisms causing vulvovaginitis; to evaluate different laboratory methods used for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis); and to evaluate the direct score system and clue cell method compared with culture for diagnosis of bacterial and T. vaginalis vaginosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed for 110 patients. Laboratory methods used for bacteriological diagnosis were direct Gram staining for clue cells and scoring by Nugent score system and bacterial culture. T. vaginalis was identified by wet mount microscopic examination, culture, direct Gram, Giemsa staining and acridine orange (AO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Nugent score method revealed that the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of vaginal discharge by direct rapid microscopic methods were 30% and 80% and for clue cells sensitivity and specificity were 37% and 75% respectively for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis compared to culture. For diagnosis of T. vaginalis, the Nugent score method revealed that the sensitivity and specificity were 60% and 90% respectively, and for clue cells 75% and 80% respectively. For microcopic methods used for T. vaginalis only, the Gram stain and Giemsa stain sensitivities were poor (15.2% and 48.5%, respectively). Wet mount showed reasonable sensitivity of 75.8%. Acridine orange sensitivity was 93.9% and specificity was 97.5%,
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalent pathogens associated with vaginitis were (Gardnerella vaginalis) G. vaginalis, T. vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis). Wet mount microscopic examination, acridine orange, and high Nugent score were found as rapid and sensitive methods for diagnosis of T. vaginalis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. may_s65@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Maysaa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Sayed Zaki
authors.forename: Douaa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raafat
authors.forename: Wafaa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: El Emshaty
authors.forename: Manar Sobh
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Azab
authors.forename: Hossam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goda
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D000328:Adult; D001399:Azure Stains; D005260:Female; D006194:Gardnerella vaginalis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005840:Gentian Violet; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019535:Mycoplasma hominis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010619:Phenazines; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019522:Vaginal Discharge / Q000209:etiology; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D001399:Azure Stains; C035863:Gram's stain; D010619:Phenazines; D000165:Acridine Orange; D005840:Gentian Violet