title: The effectiveness of yoga for the improvement of well-being and resilience to stress in the workplace.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent research has indicated concern for the degree of stress and emotional well-being among university staff. This study examined the effectiveness of yoga in enhancing emotional well-being and resilience to stress among university employees.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized controlled trial at a British university, we recruited 48 employees and randomized them into either a yoga or a wait-list control group. The yoga group was offered six weeks of Dru Yoga, comprising one 60-minute class per week. These classes were offered by a certified Dru Yoga instructor at lunchtime from January-March 2008. The wait-list control group received no intervention during this six-week study. Baseline and end-program measurements of self-reported mood and well-being were self-assessed with the Profile of Mood States - Bipolar (POMS-Bi) and the Inventory of Positive Psychological Attitudes (IPPA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This six-week yoga intervention resulted in significantly improved POMS-Bi and IPPA scores for the yoga compared to the wait-list control group for seven of eight measures of mood and well-being. In comparison to the wait-list control group at baseline and the end of the program, the yoga group reported marked improvements in feelings of clear-mindedness, composure, elation, energy, and confidence. In addition, the yoga group reported increased life purpose and satisfaction, and feelings of greater self-confidence during stressful situations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that even a short program of yoga is effective for enhancing emotional well-being and resilience to stress in the workplace. We suggest that employers should consider offering yoga classes to their employees.
authors.affiliation: Dru Education Centre, Snowdonia Mountain Lodge, Bethesda, United Kingdom. ned@druworldwide.com
authors.forename: Ned
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hartfiel
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Havenhand
authors.forename: Sat Bir
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Khalsa
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krayer
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D006801:Humans; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014850:Waiting Lists; D017132:Workplace; D015013:Yoga