title: Key role of CD36 in Toll-like receptor 2 signaling in cerebral ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the scavenger receptor CD36 are key molecular sensors for the innate immune response to invading pathogens. However, these receptors may also recognize endogenous "danger signals" generated during brain injury, such as cerebral ischemia, and trigger a maladaptive inflammatory reaction. Indeed, CD36 and TLR2 and 4 are involved in the inflammation and related tissue damage caused by brain ischemia. Because CD36 may act as a coreceptor for TLR2 heterodimers (TLR2/1 or TLR2/6), we tested whether such interaction plays a role in ischemic brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  The TLR activators FSL-1 (TLR2/6), Pam3 (TLR2/1), or lipopolysaccharide (TLR4) were injected intracerebroventricularly into wild-type or CD36-null mice, and inflammatory gene expression was assessed in the brain. The effect of TLR activators on the infarct produced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inflammatory response induced by TLR2/1 activation, but not TLR2/6 or TLR4 activation, was suppressed in CD36-null mice. Similarly, TLR2/1 activation failed to increase infarct volume in CD36-null mice, whereas TLR2/6 or TLR4 activation exacerbated postischemic inflammation and increased infarct volume. In contrast, the systemic inflammatory response evoked by TLR2/6 activation, but not by TLR2/1 activation, was suppressed in CD36-null mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the brain, TLR2/1 signaling requires CD36. The cooperative signaling of TLR2/1 and CD36 is a critical factor in the inflammatory response and tissue damage evoked by cerebral ischemia. Thus, suppression of CD36-TLR2/1 signaling could be a valuable approach to minimize postischemic inflammation and the attendant brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 407 E 61st St, Room RR303, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Takato
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Munehisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimamura
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jackman
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurinami
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anrather
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Costantino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iadecola
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018955:CD36 Antigens; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C493486:Tlr2 protein, mouse; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2