title: Possible role of engraftment syndrome and autologous graft-versus-host disease in myelodysplastic syndrome after autologous stem cell transplantations: retrospective analysis and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We report a retrospective study of 452 patients with lymphoma from 1991 to 2006, with 274 men and 178 women, median age of 50 years (range, 16-76 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 85 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and 367 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Eleven patients received a second autologous transplantation for progressive lymphoma, and another 4 received a second allogeneic transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Twenty-seven patients had skin biopsies, and 2 patients had gastrointestinal biopsies consistent with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and 11 patients developed severe engraftment syndrome (ES), as defined by noninfectious fever and skin rash with or without pulmonary infiltrates requiring systemic steroids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up of the patients was 6.2 years, and median overall survival was 5.3 years. Twenty-four patients (5.3%) developed MDS with median time of onset of 4.2 years (range, 8 months to 7.5 years). An additional 5 patients developed clonal karyotypic abnormalities in the bone marrow without clinical MDS. Actuarial probabilities of developing MDS at 5 and 8 years after transplantation were 5% and 15%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidences of MDS are similar in HL and NHL. Multivariate analysis revealed older age, occurrence of ES/GVHD, and longer intervals between the initial diagnoses to transplantation as independent factors. It is conceivable that perturbation to the host immunity caused by either previous chemotherapy or conditioning regimens in the elderly might play a role in the development of MDS after autologous transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. yikong@msn.com
authors.forename: Yi-Kong
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Keung
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Beaty
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pettenati
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levitan
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Hurd
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001691:Biological Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D015994:Incidence; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D013577:Syndrome; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous / Q000009:adverse effects; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000009:adverse effects