title: Risk perceptions and family history of lung cancer: differences by smoking status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals with a family history of lung cancer have a two- to threefold increased risk for developing this disease. Family history information may be useful in lung cancer prevention and control approaches, but research is needed regarding how individuals interpret this information. This study examined associations between lung cancer family history and individuals' risk perceptions, based on smoking status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analyzed from 5,105 U.S. adult respondents to the 2005 Health Information National Trends Survey, which was conducted with a nationally representative sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate models, family history of lung cancer was positively associated with absolute and relative risk perceptions among all respondents (β=0.60, 95% CI=0.33-0.87 and β=0.17, 95% CI=0.04-0.31, respectively) and among never smokers (β=0.40, 95% CI=0.14-0.67 and β=0.14, 95% CI=0.01-0.27, respectively). However, these associations were not significant for current and former smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While perceived risk was associated with family history of lung cancer among never smokers, this was not true for other smoking status subgroups. Therefore, former and current smokers might not respond as intended to cancer prevention or cessation messages tailored based on family history. The results suggest directions for future research into how to best integrate family history information into prevention and control efforts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243, USA. lace@hlkn.tamu.edu
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kaphingst
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*