title: Impact of ultrasonication time on elution of super heavy oil and its biomarkers from aging soils using a Triton X-100 micellar solution.
abstract: An ultrasound-enhanced elution system with Triton X-100 solution was used to remediate aging soils contaminated with super heavy oil. We used GC/MS, SEM, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to analyze the effect of ultrasonic time (0-1800 s) on the elution of super heavy oil and its three characteristic biomarkers (C(26-34) 17alpha 25-norhopanes, C(26-28) triaromatic steroid [TAS], and C(27-29) methyl triaromatic steroid [MTAS]). The oil and biomarkers remaining in the treated soils followed similar second-order functions with increasing ultrasonication times. Biomarker elution was closely related to carbon numbers in the marker. For C(26-34) 17alpha 25-norhopanes, the smaller molecules were more readily eluted during 0-360 s ultrasound. This trend was reversed upon application of ultrasound during 1080-1800 s, with improved elution of larger molecules and elution followed a similar second-order function. For C(26-28) TAS, smaller molecules were more readily eluted but the elution of larger molecules followed a similar second-order function. For C(27-29) MTAS, elution of larger molecules was close to that of C(26-34) 17alpha 25-norhopanes. Results of SEM and XRD indicated that the mineral and chemical compositions of soils eluted at ultrasonication times of 1080-1800 s closely resembled clean soils.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. jiguodong@iee.pku.edu.cn
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Guohui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D003902:Detergents / Q000737:chemistry*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007219:Industrial Oils / Q000032:analysis*; D008823:Micelles; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012995:Solubility; D012996:Solutions; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013256:Steroids / Q000737:chemistry; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003902:Detergents; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008823:Micelles; D008903:Minerals; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012996:Solutions; D013256:Steroids; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D017830:Octoxynol