title: Low blood pressure and depressive symptoms among Chinese older subjects: a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationships between blood pressure and depression are unclear. There are inconsistent reports of an association between low blood pressure and depressive symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a population-based sample of 2611 Chinese older adults aged 55 years and above, including participants with treated (n=1088), untreated (n=545), or no hypertension (n=978), depressive symptoms were determined by the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (> or =5), and current systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure measurements were used to classify participants into high, normal, and low blood pressure groups. Estimates of association were adjusted for confounding by use of antihypertensive and depressogenic drugs and other covariables in hierarchical regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were negatively associated with Geriatric Depression Scale scores, independent of other variables. Low systolic blood pressure (odds ratio [OR] 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.22), low diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.67; 95% CI, 0.98-2.85), and low systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure (or both) (OR 1.55; 95% CI, 1.10-2.19) were independently associated with depressive symptoms. The associations with depressive symptoms were particularly observed for low systolic blood pressure (OR 2.13; 95% CI, 1.13-4.03) among treated hypertensive participants, and low diastolic blood pressure (OR 2.42; 95% CI, 1.26-4.68) among untreated or nonhypertensive participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low blood pressure was independently associated with depressive symptoms in both older subjects who were treated for hypertension and those who were not.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. pcmngtp@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Tze-Pin
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Mathew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niti
authors.forename: Keng-Bee
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Yap
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors