title: Bax inhibitor-1 down-regulation in the progression of chronic liver diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) is an evolutionary conserved endoplasmic reticulum protein that, when overexpressed in mammalian cells, suppresses the apoptosis induced by Bax, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family. The aims of this study were: (1) to clarify the role of intrinsic anti- and pro-apoptotic mediators, evaluating Bax and BI-1 mRNA and protein expressions in liver tissues from patients with different degrees of liver damage; (2) to determine whether HCV and HBV infections modulate said expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 62 patients: 39 with chronic hepatitis (CH) (31 HCV-related and 8 HBV-related); 7 with cirrhosis (6 HCV-related and 1 HBV-related); 13 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [7 in viral cirrhosis (6 HCV- and 1 HBV-related), 6 in non-viral cirrhosis]; and 3 controls. Bax and BI-1 mRNAs were quantified by real-time PCR, and BI-1 protein expression by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CH tissues expressed significantly higher BI-1 mRNA levels than cirrhotic tissues surrounding HCC (P < 0.0001) or HCC (P < 0.0001). Significantly higher Bax transcripts were observed in HCV-genotype-1-related than in HCV-genotype-3-related CH (P = 0.033). A positive correlation emerged between BI-1 and Bax transcripts in CH tissues, even when HCV-related CH and HCV-genotype-1-related CH were considered alone (P = 0.0007, P = 0.0005 and P = 0.0017, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BI-1 expression is down-regulated as liver damage progresses. The high BI-1 mRNAs levels observed in early liver disease may protect virus-infected cells against apoptosis, while their progressive downregulation may facilitate hepatocellular carcinogenesis. HCV genotype seems to have a relevant role in Bax transcript expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Andromachi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotsafti
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farinati
authors.forename: Romilda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cardin
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burra
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bortolami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D001706:Biopsy; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018450:Disease Progression; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C484209:TMBIM6 protein, human; D012313:RNA