title: Urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms: a longitudinal population-based survey in men aged 45-103 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as urinary incontinence (UI) and overactive bladder (OAB) are highly prevalent conditions, but there are few studies describing progression and remission of LUTS in men, especially over the long term.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence of UI, OAB, and LUTS using current International Continence Society definitions in the same men studied longitudinally over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, population-based, longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1992, 10 458 men aged 45-99 yr, resident in the city of Gothenburg, were selected at random from the Population Register.
  
  
  METHODS
  The men received a postal questionnaire about the presence of LUTS, as well as questions on social, medical, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and demographic data. Responders in 1992 were reassessed 11 yr later in 2003 using a similar questionnaire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 2003, 4072 of the 7763 men who responded in 1992 were still available in the Population Register and 3257 men (80%) aged 56-103 yr, responded. Prevalence of UI and OAB had increased (p<0.01) in the same men assessed in 1992 (4.5% and 15.6%, respectively) and 2003 (10.5% and 44.4%, respectively). The prevalence of nocturia, urgency, slow stream, hesitancy, incomplete emptying, postmicturition dribble, and the number of daytime micturitions had also increased (p<0.01). Only a minority reported regression of symptoms. Men with UI or OAB reported a poorer (p<0.001) HRQoL compared with men without UI or OAB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a marked increase in the prevalence of UI, OAB, and other LUTS in the same men assessed longitudinally over this 11-yr period. UI and OAB had a negative influence on HRQoL, and men who developed UI or OAB had a greater deterioration in HRQoL than men who had no change in their UI/OAB status over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulf G H
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Malmsten
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Molander
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peeker
authors.forename: Debra E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Milsom
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053158:Nocturia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011153:Population; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology