title: [Mechanisms, prevention, and treatments of prosthetic aseptic loosening].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce the occurrence mechanisms, prevention, and treatment measures of prosthetic aseptic loosening.
  
  
  METHODS
  The recent original articles about prosthetic aseptic loosening were extensively reviewed and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prosthetic aseptic loosening was a very complex process involving many mechanical and biological aspects. The main mechanical factors included prosthetic materials, shapes and sizes, implant fixation methods (including surface treatments), clinical installation, interface micromotion, stress shielding, implant wear, interface integrity, and peri prosthetic high hydraulic pressure, etc.; the main biological factors included the types and sizes of wear particles, cell-activated responses, cytokine release, enzyme activation and allergic reactions to wear particles, etc.. Many measures should be adopted to effectively prevent and treat it, including improving materials and designs of prostheses, fixation techniques, surgical techniques, and drug treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prosthetic aseptic loosening is still a troublesome complication after joint replacements in orthopaedics, and more attention should be paid for its effective prevention and treatment.
authors.affiliation: The 7th Department, Special Hospital of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Junqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Boxun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007595:Joint Prosthesis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011475:Prosthesis Failure