title: Evaluation of synergistic activity of bovine lactoferricin with antibiotics in corneal infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to determine whether a synergistic effect could be obtained in vitro between bovine lactoferricin (B-LFcin) and antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus isolates from ocular infections, and to evaluate the use of B-LFcin as an adjunct to the antibiotic treatment of corneal infection in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chequerboard and time-kill assays were performed to investigate the combined effects of B-LFcin and conventional antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and gentamicin, against 17 strains of P. aeruginosa (8) and S. aureus (9) isolated from ocular infection and inflammation, and 1 reference strain of S. aureus. Corneas of C57BL/6 mice were topically challenged with a multidrug-resistant strain of P. aeruginosa. Nine hours post-challenge, mice were treated topically and hourly with either vehicle, B-LFcin, ciprofloxacin or ciprofloxacin containing B-LFcin for 8 h. Corneas were then clinically examined, and bacterial numbers and levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Synergy between B-LFcin and ciprofloxacin or ceftazidime was identified in most P. aeruginosa isolates, including multidrug-resistant strains, whereas no synergistic effect was seen between B-LFcin and gentamicin. Synergy was only observed with B-LFcin and ciprofloxacin against 2/10 S. aureus strains, and there was no synergy between B-LFcin and any of the other antibiotics tested. Combined B-LFcin and ciprofloxacin treatment significantly improved the clinical outcome, and reduced bacterial numbers and MPO in infected mouse corneas. B-LFcin alone was also able to reduce levels of MPO in infected corneas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that B-LFcin may have advantages as an adjunct therapy with both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in the treatment of corneal infection.
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Thein Zaw
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Oo
authors.forename: Nerida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garthwaite
authors.forename: Mark D P
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Willcox
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C082171:lactoferricin B; D007781:Lactoferrin