title: An evaluation of exercise pen use by circus tigers (Pathera tigris tigris).
abstract: This study quantified the behavior of 11 tigers during periodic access to an exercise pen throughout the day and night. The study determined the amount of time spent in the pen and the percentage of time spent performing stereotypic pacing, normal locomotor behavior, and lying down while in the pen. Average access to the exercise pen was 10 hr 49 min overnight and 5 hr 30 min during the day. At night, the tigers spent 29.1% of their time in the exercise pen, during which they paced 19.6% and performed normal locomotor behavior for 23.1% of that time. By day, they spent 40.4% of their time in the exercise pen, during which they paced 10.0% and performed normal locomotor behavior 35.7% of that time. The tigers spent the rest of the time in the pen lying down. Overall, tigers will utilize an exercise pen, spending a greater percentage of time in the pen during the day than at night and also performing less stereotyped pacing than at night.
authors.affiliation: Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Christian H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nevill
authors.forename: Ted H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Friend
authors.forename: Amy G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Windom
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior; D046010:Tigers / Q000523:psychology*