title: Predictive value of clinical and radiological findings in inflicted traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the value of early radiological investigations in predicting the long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with inflicted traumatic brain injury (ITBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and radiological investigations of 24 infants with ITBI were performed during the acute phase of injury (1-3 days), and during the early (4 days up to 3 months) and late (>9 months) postinjury phases. The clinical outcome in survivors (n = 22) was based on the Rankin Disability Scale and the Glasgow Outcome Score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five out of 24 infants (21%) had a poor neurodevelopmental outcome (death and severe disability), 17 infants (71%) had different developmental problems and 2 infants were normal at the mean age of 62 (54-70) (95% CI) months. A low initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or below [p < 0.05, OR 13.0 (1.3-133.3)], the development of brain oedema [p < 0.005, OR 13.0 (1.6-773)], focal changes in the basal ganglia during the acute phase [p < 0.01, OR 45 (2.1-937.3)], the development of new intracerebral focal changes early postinjury [p < 0.05, OR 24.1(1.0-559.1)], a decrease in white matter [p < 0.01, OR 33 (1.37-793.4)] and the development of severe atrophy before 3 months postinjury [p < 0.05, OR 24 (11.0-559.1)] were significantly correlated with a poor neurodevelopmental outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early clinical and radiological findings in ITBI are of prognostic value for neurodevelopmental outcome.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia. pilvi.ilves@kliinikum.ee
authors.forename: Pilvi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ilves
authors.forename: Mare
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lintrop
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Talvik
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sisko
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Talvik
mesh_terms: D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004957:Estonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D038642:Shaken Baby Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed