title: Pathogenic Vibrio species in dutch shellfish destined for direct human consumption.
abstract: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common cause of shellfish-related gastroenteritis all over the world. V. parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus have previously been detected in water samples from the Oosterschelde, a large inlet on the North Sea, which is used for both recreational purposes and shellfish production. In 2006, oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from a noncommercial oyster bed in the Oosterschelde and oysters bought in Dutch fish shops were tested for the presence of pathogenic Vibrio species; in 2007 and 2008, oysters (C. gigas) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) from Oosterschelde production areas were examined. Total Vibrio numbers were related to water temperatures to study joint patterns. Vibrio was found in oysters and mussels from the production areas, and levels ranged from 6 to 622 most probable number (MPN) per g in oysters and 6 to 62 MPN/g in mussels. Vibrio levels in oysters from fish shops were 231 to >333 MPN/g, whereas levels in noncommercial oysters ranged from 231 to >2,398 MPN/g. About 80% of the isolated strains were V. alginolyticus, and approximately 10% were identified as V. parahaemolyticus. Vibrio counts in shellfish samples increased with increasing water temperature and declined when water temperatures dropped; Vibrio was not detected when water temperatures declined to <13.5 degrees C. Based on the obtained results and the known high V. parahaemolyticus dose (>10(4) cells per serving of oysters) required for infection, it is concluded that the risk of gastrointestinal infections with V. parahaemolyticus through consumption of shellfish from the Oosterschelde production sites is presumably low.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. ciska.schets@rivm.nl
authors.forename: Franciska M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Schets
authors.forename: Harold H J L
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Saskia A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rutjes
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Roda Husman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000382:microbiology*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D049880:Mytilus edulis / Q000382:microbiology*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012621:Seasons; D012758:Shellfish / Q000382:microbiology*; D013696:Temperature; D044149:Vibrio alginolyticus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity