title: Wrist tendon forces during various dynamic wrist motions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A common treatment of arthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal joint requires all or a portion of the flexor carpi radialis tendon (FCR) to be used as an interpositional graft. The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro tendon forces in 6 wrist flexors and extensors to determine whether their force contribution changes during various dynamic wrist motions along with a specific application to the FCR.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested 62 fresh-frozen cadaver wrists in a wrist joint motion simulator. During wrist flexion-extension, radioulnar deviation, dart throwing, and circumduction motions, the peak and average tendon forces were determined for the extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus, abductor pollicis longus, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a dart-throwing motion, the mean and peak FCR forces were statistically less than during the other 3 motions. Conversely, the mean and peak flexor carpi ulnaris forces were statistically greater during the dart-throwing motion than during the other 3 motions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who have undergone a surgical procedure in which all or a portion of the FCR has been harvested may experience a decrease in wrist strength with wrist motion, as the FCR tendon normally applies force during wrist motion. The motion least likely to be affected by such surgery is the dart-throwing motion when the force on the remaining FCR is minimized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. wernerf@upstate.edu
authors.forename: Frederick W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Walter H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Short
authors.forename: Andrew K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Levi G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Sutton
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D013710:Tendons / Q000502:physiology*; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000502:physiology*