title: Changes in biochemical parameters on the first day after kidney transplantation: risk factors for nosocomial infection?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nosocomial infection in early post-transplantation period is a tough problem for kidney transplantation. Few reports have explored the relations between biochemical parameters and nosocomial infection in kidney transplantation. This retrospective study was carried out to describe the characteristics of nosocomial infection in the very early period of kidney transplantation and to determine the risk factors in biochemical parameters and their alterations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent their first kidney transplantation from January 2001 to March 2009 in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital were recruited and the nosocomial infectious episodes were collected for this study. Gender, age, donor type, delayed graft function (DGF) and biochemical parameters such as serum uric acid, lipids files and albumin on day 0 (before transplantation) and day 1 (24 hours after transplantation) and their changes were analyzed with Logistic regression models for nosocomial infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 405 patients (315 men and 90 women) were involved in this study. There were 80 patients experiencing 113 infection episodes and 105 strains of microorganism were identified. In univariate analysis, there were significant differences in DGF, albumin on day 0, lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) on day 1, change in low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C, day 1-day 0) and change in uric acid (day 1-day 0) between nosocomial infection patients and noninfectious patients (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, change in uric acid (day 1-day 0) (OR 5.139, 95%CI 1.176-22.465, P < 0.05), change in LDL-C (day 1-day 0) (OR 4.179, 95%CI 1.375-12.703, P < 0.05) and DGF (OR 14.409, 95%CI 1.603-129.522, P < 0.05) were identified as independent risk factors for nosocomial infection in kidney transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most nosocomial infections in early postoperative period of kidney transplantation are bacterial, especially with Gram-negative bacteria. The most common infection sites are respiratory tract, urinary tract and surgical site. DGF, decrease of LDL-C and increase of uric acid could increase the risk for nosocomial infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Xiao-dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014527:Uric Acid