title: Atrovirinone inhibits proinflammatory mediator synthesis through disruption of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and MAPK phosphorylation in the murine monocytic macrophage RAW 264.7.
abstract: In a previous communication we showed that atrovirinone, a 1,4-benzoquinone isolated from the roots of Garcinia atroviridis, was able to inhibit several major proinflammatory mediators of inflammation. In this report we show that atrovirinone inhibits NO and PGE(2) synthesis through inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression. We also show that atrovirinone inhibits the secretion of IL-1beta and IL-6 in a dose dependent fashion whereas the secretion of IL-10, the anti-inflammatory cytokine, was enhanced. Subsequently we determined that the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine synthesis and inducible enzyme expression was due to a dose-dependent inhibition of phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2. We also showed that atrovirinone prevented phosphorylation of I-kappaBalpha, which resulted in a reduction of p65NF-kappaB nuclear translocation as demonstrated by expression analysis. We conclude that atrovirinone is a potential anti-inflammatory drug lead that targets both the MAPK and NF-kappaB pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia. daud@medic.upm.edu.my
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Israf
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tham
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Syahida
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Lajis
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mohamad
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Zakaria
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; C435805:atrovirinone; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases