title: Ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation.
abstract: Developed in 1992, the flow-mediated dilation test is now the most commonly used noninvasive assessment of vascular endothelial function in humans. Since its inception, scientists have refined their understanding of the physiology, analysis, and interpretation of this measurement. Recently, a significant growth of knowledge has added to our understanding and implementation of this clinically relevant research methodology. Therefore, this tutorial provides timely insight into recent advances and practical information related to the ultrasonic assessment of vascular endothelial function in humans.
authors.affiliation: Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. ryharris@mcg.edu
authors.forename: Ryan A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: D Walter
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.forename: Russell S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000009:adverse effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012984:Software; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex / Q000379:methods; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine