title: alpha(9)beta(1) integrin engagement inhibits neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis: involvement of Bcl-2 family members.
abstract: Integrin signaling is comprised of well-characterized pathways generally involved in cell survival. alpha(9)beta(1) integrin has recently become a target of study and has been shown to present pro-survival effects on neutrophils. However, there are no detailed studies on how alpha(9)beta(1) integrin-coupled signaling pathways interact and how they converge to finally modulate spontaneous apoptosis in neutrophils. In this regard we sought to investigate the main signaling events triggered by alpha(9)beta(1) integrin engagement and how these signaling pathways modulate the apoptotic program of human neutrophils. Using VLO5, a snake venom disintegrin shown to bind to alpha(9)beta(1) integrin in neutrophils, we demonstrate that alpha(9)beta(1) integrin engagement leads to the activation of integrin signaling pathways and potently reduces neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis. These effects are dependent on the activation of PI3K and MAPK pathways, since both LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) or PD95059 (MEK inhibitor) reverted the effects of VLO5/alpha(9)beta(1) interaction. Moreover we show that VLO5/alpha(9)beta(1) engagement induces NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and increases the ratio between anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins by inducing the degradation of pro-apoptotic protein Bad and increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-x(L). VLO5 also inhibited the early steps of neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis by preventing Bax translocation to the outer mitochondrial membrane and consequent cytochrome c release. In conclusion, as the mechanistic details of alpha(9)beta(1) integrin signaling pathways in human neutrophils becomes clearer, it should become possible to develop new therapeutic agents for human diseases where neutrophils play a prominent role.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de Setembro 87-Fundos, 5 Degrees Andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil CEP 20511-030.
authors.forename: Roberta F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Saldanha-Gama
authors.forename: João A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mariano-Oliveira
authors.forename: Ana Lucia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Cezary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marcinkiewicz
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barja-Fidalgo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019483:Disintegrins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019483:Disintegrins; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains; D019012:Integrin beta1; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012910:Snake Venoms; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C084613:integrin alpha9; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases