C-type lectin DC-SIGN: an adhesion, signalling and antigen-uptake molecule that guides dendritic cells in immunity.
The dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) is a type II C-type lectin whose expression is restricted to the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs), the dendritic cells (DCs). In recent years, DC-SIGN has gained an exponential increase in attention because of its involvement in multiple aspects of immune function. Besides being an adhesion molecule, particularly in binding ICAM-2 and ICAM-3, it is also crucial in recognizing several endogenous and exogenous antigens. Additionally, the intracellular domain of DC-SIGN includes molecular motifs, which enable the activation of signal transduction pathways involving Raf-1 and subsequent modulation of DC-maturation status, through direct modification of nuclear factor Nf-kappaB in DCs. Upon DC-SIGN engagement by mannose- or fucose-containing oligosaccharides, the latter leads to a tailored Toll-like receptor signalling, resulting in an altered DC-cytokine profile and skewing of Th1/Th2 responses. In this article, we will discuss recent advances on a broad perspective concerning DC-SIGN structure, signalling and immune function.
Svajger
Urban
U
Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Slajmerjeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Anderluh
Marko
M
Jeras
Matjaz
M
Obermajer
Natasa
N
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D007109:Immunity; D007157:Immunologic Surveillance; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin