title: Lithium-induced gray matter volume increase as a neural correlate of treatment response in bipolar disorder: a longitudinal brain imaging study.
abstract: Preclinical studies suggest that lithium may exert neurotrophic effects that counteract pathological processes in the brain of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). To describe and compare the course and magnitude of gray matter volume changes in patients with BD who are treated with lithium or valproic acid (VPA) compared to healthy comparison subjects, and to assess clinical relationships to gray matter volume changes induced by lithium in patients with BD, we conducted longitudinal brain imaging and clinical evaluations of treatment response in 22 mood-stabilizing and antipsychotic medications-naive patients with BD who were randomly assigned to either lithium or VPA treatment after baseline assessment. Fourteen healthy comparison subjects did not take any psychotropic medications during follow-up. Longitudinal data analyses of 93 serial magnetic resonance images revealed lithium-induced increases in gray matter volume, which peaked at week 10-12 and were maintained through 16 weeks of treatment. This increase was associated with positive clinical response. In contrast, VPA-treated patients with BD or healthy comparison subjects did not show gray matter volume changes over time. Results suggest that lithium induces sustained increases in cerebral gray matter volume in patients with BD and that these changes are related to the therapeutic efficacy of lithium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. inkylyoo@snu.ac.kr
authors.forename: In Kyoon
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Lyoo
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dager
authors.forename: Jieun E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sujung J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Seth D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Dunner
authors.forename: Perry F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Renshaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014635:Valproic Acid; D018021:Lithium Chloride