title: Understanding the impact of the Smoke-Free Ontario Act on hospitality establishments' outdoor environments: a survey of restaurants and bars.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Smoke-Free Ontario Act (SFOA) came into effect in May 2006 and included restrictions to outdoor hospitality areas by only permitting smoking on a patio if the area had no roof.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1) To assess the impact of the SFOA on the prevalence of smoke-free patios in Ontario and (2) to determine the proportion of venues where structural alterations were made rather than going smoke-free in order to achieve compliance with the SFOA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A telephone survey of 403 hospitality sector operators/owners in four clustered samples of Ontario, Canada.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on completed surveys, the SFOA resulted in an increase in prevalence of smoke-free patios, from 5% (n=21) to 25% (n=99). Of the patios where smoking was permitted before the SFOA (n=382), 42% (n=161) had physical structures that would make smoking not permissible under the new act. Operators of half of these venues (n=80) made their patios smoke-free, with most indicating they had no choice given the costs or physical limitations to changing their outdoor environment. The other half (n=81) reported making physical changes, including removing roof structures to achieve compliance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SFOA resulted in greater protection from outdoor secondhand smoke; however, most patios still permitted smoking. Half of the venues that complied with the SFOA by going smoke-free did so involuntarily because of structural and/or financial limitations. The majority of venue operators preferred to permit smoking on their patios, and only made their patios smoke-free when they were required to do so by law.
authors.affiliation: Health Psychology Laboratory, PAS 3rd Floor, Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada. rdkenned@watarts.uwaterloo.ca
authors.forename: Ryan David
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Elton-Marshall
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mutti
authors.forename: Jolene
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dubray
authors.forename: Geoffrey T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Fong
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D004777:Environment; D009864:Ontario; D012907:Smoking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution