title: Metabolic syndrome and the development of chronic kidney disease among 118 924 non-diabetic Taiwanese in a retrospective cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common risk factor for cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Western populations; however, no prospective studies have examined MetS as a risk factor for CKD in Chinese adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence of CKD and the prospective link between MetS (defined by two criteria: modified Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF)) and CKD among 118,924 Taiwanese participants without baseline diabetes, aged 20-74 years with a mean 3.7 years follow up, was examined. CKD was measured by using estimated glomerular filtration rate or dipstick proteinuria (1+). The association between MetS or combination patterns of MetS abnormalities and CKD was evaluated using Cox models with adjustment for confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of CKD was 288/10,000 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI), 283-293). The findings showed that central obesity (OB), high blood pressure (BP) and high triglyceride were considered to be the major metabolic events in the study cohort. Incidences and hazard ratios (HR) on CKD had evidently increasing trends with the number of MetS components. The multivariable-adjusted HR for CKD associated with ATP-III-MetS was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.24-1.36). Equivalent HR for IDF-MetS were 1.37 (95% CI, 1.30-1.44). The associations were still observed when analyzing by stratifying incident diabetes and adjusting hypertension status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MetS induces an increased risk for CKD independent of baseline confounding factors and subsequent incident diabetes modified the associations lightly. The mechanism through which MetS may cause CKD in this population likely is the development of multiple metabolic pathogenic processes together.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Qiushan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Siyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult