title: Parental presence and visiting policies in Italian pediatric intensive care units: a national survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate parental presence and visiting policies in Italian pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).
  
  
  METHODS
  : Descriptive survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 34 Italian PICUs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were not involved in this work.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A questionnaire was sent to the unit heads. Response rate was 100%. Median daily visiting time for parents was 300 mins; for other visitors, it was 120 mins. Twelve percent of PICUs had unrestricted policies; 59% did not allow the constant presence of a parent, even during the day. Visits from other relatives and from nonfamily were not permitted in 35% and 88% of units, respectively. Policies were not modified for a dying patient in 6% of PICUs. Children's visits were not allowed in 76% of units. Cardiac surgical PICUs were more likely to have restrictive visiting hours. Parents were permitted to be present at the bedside during ordinary nursing procedures, invasive procedures or cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 62%, 3%, and 9% of PICUs, respectively. No waiting room was provided in 32% of PICUs. Gowning procedures were compulsory for visitors in 94% of units. In 48% of PICUs, a formal process of revising visiting policies was ongoing. On patient admission, 77% of PICUs provided the family with informative material on the unit. Phone information on the patient was given frequently (often/always, 70% of PICUs).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Italian PICUs, there is a marked tendency to apply restrictive visiting policies, not to allow parents 24-hr access at bedside, and to limit the presence of parents during procedures and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A revision of current policies has begun, signaling a readiness for change.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. a.giannini@policlinico.mi.it
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miccinesi
mesh_terms: D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007558:Italy; D016134:Organizational Policy; D010290:Parents; D014789:Visitors to Patients