[Glomerular filtration and associated factors in hypertensive individuals treated at primary care level].
BACKGROUND
In Brazil, arterial hypertension (AH) constitutes one of the main risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The monitoring of glomerular filtration (GF) is recommended for the assessment of kidney function in hypertensive individuals, as GF decrease precedes symptom onset.


OBJECTIVE
To assess GF and its associated factors in hypertensive individuals.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to June 2008 in 297 individuals with arterial hypertension (AH) with or without diabetes mellitus (DM), treated at a primary care facility in the city of São Luís, Maranhão. Patients older than 20 years and of both sexes were included in the study. Sociodemographic and nutritional status data, GF rate and microalbuminuria levels in 24-hour urine were assessed, as well as blood pressure, glucose and serum creatinine levels and a lipidogram.


RESULTS
Mean age was 60.6 x 11.5 years, with a predominance of the female sex (75.1%), overweight/obesity (65.0%) and large waist circumference (60.6%). The prevalence of GF < 60 ml/min was 24.6% in the AH group without DM and 18.3% in the AH group with DM, with no significant difference. For the AH group without DM, there was an association only between reduced GF and age > 65 years, which remained after adjustment. For the AH group with DM, there was an association between reduced GF and age > 65 years, smoking habit and obesity. However, after the adjustment, age and smoking habit remained as associated factors.


CONCLUSIONS
In these patients, the prevalence of GF < 60 ml/min was high and after the adjustment, only age > 65 years and smoking habit were shown to be factors associated to GF. This reinforces the need to systematically evaluate GF in hypertensive individuals, aiming at the secondary prevention of chronic kidney disease.
França
Ana Karina Teixeira da Cunha
AK
Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil. karinafranca2@yahoo.com.br
Santos
Alcione Miranda dos
AM
Calado
Isabela Leal
IL
Santos
Elisângela Milhomem dos
EM
Cabral
Poliana Coelho
PC
Salgado
João Victor Leal
JV
Goldraich
Noemia Perli
NP
Salgado Filho
Natalino
N
D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D015981:Epidemiologic Factors; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors
D003404:Creatinine