title: Another treatment gap: restarting secondary prevention medications: the Women's Health Initiative.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women's long-term patterns of evidence-based preventive medication utilization following a coronary heart disease (CHD) diagnosis have not been sufficiently studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postmenopausal women 50-79 years were eligible for randomization in the Women's Health Initiative's (WHI) hormone trials if they met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were >80% adherent during a placebo-lead-in period and in the dietary modification trial if they were willing to follow a 20% fat diet. Those with adjudicated myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization after the baseline visit were included in the analysis (n=2627). Baseline visits occurred between 1993 and 1998, then annually until the trials ended in 2002 through 2005; medication inventories were obtained at baseline and years 1, 3, 6 and 9.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Utilization at the first WHI visit following a CHD diagnosis increased over time for statins (49% to 72%; p<0.0001), beta-blockers (49% to 62%; p=0.003), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ACEI/ARBs ) [26 to 43%; p<0.0001]. Aspirin use remained stable at 76% (p=0.09). Once women reported using a statin, aspirin, or beta-blocker, 84-89% reported use at 1 or more subsequent visits, with slightly lower rates for ACEI/ARBS (76%). Statin, aspirin, beta-blocker, or ACEI/ARB use was reported at 2 or more consecutive visits by 57%, 66%, 48%, and 28% respectively. These drugs were initiated or resumed at a later visit by 24%, 17%, 15%, and 17%, respectively, and were never used during the period of follow-up by 19%, 10%, 33%, and 49% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Efforts to improve secondary prevention medication utilization should target both drug initiation and restarting drugs in patients who have discontinued them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive SE 21C GH, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. jennifer-g-robinson@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Monika M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Safford
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pettinger
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: Marcia G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Mary Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Petrovich
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin