title: Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery device (e cigarette) on desire to smoke and withdrawal, user preferences and nicotine delivery: randomised cross-over trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the short-term effects of an electronic nicotine delivery device ("e cigarette", ENDD) on desire to smoke, withdrawal symptoms, acceptability, pharmacokinetic properties and adverse effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single blind randomised repeated measures cross-over trial of the Ruyan V8 ENDD.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research centre in Auckland, New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 adult dependent smokers of 10 or more cigarettes per day.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomised to use ENDDs containing 16 mg nicotine or 0 mg capsules, Nicorette nicotine inhalator or their usual cigarette on each of four study days 3 days apart, with overnight smoking abstinence before use of each product.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was change in desire to smoke, measured as "area under the curve" on an 11-point visual analogue scale before and at intervals over 1 h of use. Secondary outcomes included withdrawal symptoms, acceptability and adverse events. In nine participants, serum nicotine levels were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 60 min, participants using 16 mg ENDD recorded 0.82 units less desire to smoke than the placebo ENDD (p=0.006). No difference in desire to smoke was found between 16 mg ENDD and inhalator. ENDDs were more pleasant to use than inhalator (p=0.016) and produced less irritation of mouth and throat (p<0.001). On average, the ENDD increased serum nicotine to a peak of 1.3 mg/ml in 19.6 min, the inhalator to 2.1 ng/ml in 32 min and cigarettes to 13.4 ng/ml in 14.3 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 16 mg Ruyan V8 ENDD alleviated desire to smoke after overnight abstinence, was well tolerated and had a pharmacokinetic profile more like the Nicorette inhalator than a tobacco cigarette. Evaluation of the ENDD for longer-term safety, potential for long-term use and efficacy as a cessation aid is needed. Trial registration No.12607000587404, Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Research Unit, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. c.bullen@ctru.auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bullen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McRobbie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thornley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laugesen
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004583:Electrons; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007509:Irritants; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007509:Irritants; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine