title: Macromolecular crowding induces polypeptide compaction and decreases  folding cooperativity.
abstract: A cell's interior is comprised of macromolecules that can occupy up to 40% of its available volume. Such crowded environments can influence the stability of proteins and their rates of reaction. Using discrete molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate how both the size and number of neighboring crowding reagents affect the thermodynamic and folding properties of structurally diverse proteins. We find that crowding induces higher compaction of proteins. We also find that folding becomes less cooperative with the introduction of crowders into the system. The crowders may induce alternative non-native protein conformations, thus creating barriers for protein folding in highly crowded media.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: Nikolay V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Dokholyan
mesh_terms: D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D017510:Protein Folding
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides