A vesicular glutamate transporter in lampreys: cDNA cloning and early expression in the nervous system.
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) accumulate glutamate into synaptic vesicles of glutamatergic neurons, and thus are considered to define the phenotype of these neurons. Glutamate also appears to play a role in the development of the nervous system of vertebrates. Here we report the characterization of a vesicular glutamate transporter of lamprey (lVGluT), a novel member of the VGluT gene family. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that lVGLUT cannot be assigned to any of the three VGLUT isoforms characterized in teleosts and mammals, suggesting that these classes may have been fixed after the splitting between cyclostomes and gnathostomes. Expression pattern analysis during lamprey embryogenesis and prolarval stages shows that lVGluT expression is restricted to the nervous system. The first structure to express lVGluT was the olfactory epithelium of late embryos. In the brain of early prolarvae, lVGluT was expressed in most of the neuronal populations that generate the early axonal scaffold. lVGluT expression was also observed in neuronal populations of the rhombencephalon and spinal cord and in ganglia of the branchiomeric, octaval and posterior lateral line nerves. In the rhombencephalon, lVGluT expression appears to be spatially restricted in dorsal and ventral longitudinal domains. Comparison of the early expression of VGluT genes between the lamprey and some anamniotan gnathostomes (frog, zebrafish) reveals a conserved expression pattern, likely to reflect ancestral vertebrate characteristics.
Villar-Cerviño
Verona
V
Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
Rocancourt
Claire
C
Menuet
Arnaud
A
Da Silva
Corinne
C
Wincker
Patrick
P
Anadón
Ramón
R
Mazan
Sylvie
S
Rodicio
Maria Celina
MC
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003391:Cranial Nerves / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D017950:Ganglia, Sensory / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D020439:Growth Cones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053403:Lateral Line System / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D048428:Petromyzon / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D050496:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D050496:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins