title: Endoscopic submucosal dissection in dogs in a World Gastroenterology Organisation training center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate if canine models are appropriate for teaching endoscopy fellows the techniques of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
  
  
  METHODS
  ESD was performed in 10 canine models under general anesthesia, on artificial lesions of the esophagus or stomach marked with coagulation points. After ESD, each canine model was euthanized and surgical resection of the esophagus or stomach was carried out according to "The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, Russel and Burch". The ESD specimens were fixed with needles on cork submerged in a formol solution with the esophagus or stomach, and delivered to the pathology department to be analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ESD was completed without complications using the Hook-knife in five esophageal areas, with a procedural duration of 124 +/- 19 min, a length of 27.4 +/- 2.6 mm and a width of 21 +/- 2.4 mm. ESD was also completed without complications using the IT-knife2 in five gastric areas, with a procedural duration of 92.6 +/- 19 min, a length of 32 +/- 2.5 mm and a width of 18 +/- 3.7 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESD is feasible in the normal esophagus and stomach of canine models, which are appropriate for teaching this technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and World Gastroenterology Organisation Training Center, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Vasco de Quiroga # 15, Colonia Seccion XVI, Delegacion Tlalpan C.P., Mexico City 14000, Mexico. matanimoto@prodigy.net.mx
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torres-Villalobos
authors.forename: Rikiya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santillan-Doherty
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albores-Saavedra
authors.forename: German
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Martin-del-Campo
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bravo-Reyna
authors.forename: Octavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.forename: Jose J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Villalobos
authors.forename: Misael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uribe
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Valdovinos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D004285:Dogs; D004493:Education; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000601:surgery; D005762:Gastroenterology / Q000193:education*; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007390:International Agencies; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education; D023421:Models, Animal