title: Genetics of drug dependence.
abstract: Drug-dependence disorders (we focus here on cocaine, opioid, and nicotine dependence) are genetically influenced. Risk genes have been located based primarily on genetic linkage studies, and identified primarily based on genetic association studies. In this article we review salient results from linkage, association, and genome-wide association study methodologies, and discuss future prospects for risk allele identification based on these, and on newer, methodologies. Although considerable progress has been made, it is likely that the application of more extensive sequencing than has previously been practical will be required to identify a fuller range of risk variants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA joel.gelernter@yale.edu
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gelernter
authors.forename: Henry R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kranzler
mesh_terms: D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005823:Genetics; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics*