title: Role of CT angiographic plaque morphologic characteristics in addition to stenosis in predicting the symptomatic side in carotid artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atherosclerotic disease of the carotid artery is an important cause of ischemic stroke. We evaluated carotid plaque morphologic features by using CTA in addition to stenosis in the setting of symptomatic hemispheric TIA/stroke to identify factors that may predict plaque activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred seventy-three patients (408 men; ages, 18-91 years; mean, 65.8 +/- 15.2 years) presenting with hemispheric ischemic symptoms and having a CTA that included imaging of both carotid arteries within 24 hours were studied. Scans were interpreted for morphologic features, such as plaque length and width, attenuation, shape, surface, presence and degree of calcification, and ILT in addition to stenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariable analysis showed that carotid occlusions (P = .01, OR = 5.27), high-grade stenosis (70%-99%) (P = .06, OR = 1.8), and the presence of ILT (P = .01, OR = 4.33) were highly predictive of the symptomatic side. Smooth plaque (P = .01, OR = 0.73) and extensive calcification (P = .03, OR = 0.72) were more commonly associated with the asymptomatic side. There was no correlation between plaque hypoattenuation (P = .7, OR = 1.06) or ulcerated plaque (P = .74, OR = 0.955) in predicting the symptomatic side. In a multivariable logistic regression model, the presence of ILT was still found to be significantly associated with the symptomatic side (P = .048, OR = 3.1) and the presence of extensive calcification, with the asymptomatic carotid artery (P = .047, OR = 0.69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to higher stenosis grades, the presence of ILT is highly predictive of the symptomatic side in carotid disease. Smooth plaque and extensive calcification seem to afford a protective effect. This information may be useful in radiologic risk stratification in carotid disease in addition to the current evidence available based on stenosis criteria alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eesa
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Khathaami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Zawahmah
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tymchuk
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Demchuk
authors.forename: Mayank
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goyal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult