title: Wind noise in hearing aids with directional and omnidirectional microphones: Polar characteristics of custom-made hearing aids.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of wind noise at the output of in-the-ear, in-the-canal, and completely-in-the-canal hearing aids. The hearing aids were programed to have linear amplification with matching flat frequency responses for directional (DIR) and omnidirectional (OMNI) microphones. The microphone output was then recorded in a quiet wind tunnel when the Knowles electronic manikin for acoustic research (KEMAR) head was turned from 0 degrees to 360 degrees . The overall, 125, 500, and 2000 Hz one-third octave band flow noise levels were calculated and plotted in polar patterns. Correlation coefficients, average differences, and level differences between DIR and OMNI were also calculated. Flow noise levels were the highest when KEMAR was facing the direction of the flow and angles between 190 degrees and 250 degrees . The noise levels were the lowest when the hearing aids were facing the direction of the flow. The polar patterns of DIR and OMNI had similar shapes and DIR generally had higher levels than OMNI. DIR, however, could have lower levels than OMNI in some angles because of its capability to reduce noise in the far field. Comparisons of polar characteristics with behind-the-ear hearing aids, and clinical and engineering design applications of current results are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health and Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA. kchung@niu.edu
authors.forename: King
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McKibben
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mongeau
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000162:Acoustics; D000465:Algorithms; D001307:Auditory Perception; D004430:Ear Protective Devices; D004867:Equipment Design; D006310:Hearing Aids; D006801:Humans; D008144:Loudness Perception; D008348:Manikins; D008422:Materials Testing; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D014919:Wind