title: Effect of computerisation on Australian general practice: does it improve the quality of care?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is an assumption expressed in literature that computer use for clinical activity will improve the quality of general practice care, but there is little evidence to support or refute this assumption.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study compares general practitioners (GPs) who use a computer to prescribe, order tests or keep patient records, with GPs who do not, using a set of validated quality indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  BEACH (Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health) is a continuous national crosssectional survey of general practice activity in Australia. A sub-sample of 1257 BEACH participants between November 2003 and March 2005 were grouped according to their computer use for test ordering, prescribing and/or medical records. Linear and logistic regression analysis was used to compare the two groups on a set of 34 quality indicators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analyses showed that computerised GPs managed more problems; provided fewer medications; ordered more pathology; performed more Pap smear tests; provided more immunisations; ordered more HbA1c tests and provided more referrals to ophthalmologists and allied health workers for diabetes patients; provided less lifestyle counselling, and had fewer consultations with Health Care Card (HCC) holders. After adjustment, differences attributable solely to computer use were prescribed medication rates, lifestyle counselling, HCC holders and referrals to ophthalmologists. Three other differences emerged - computerised GPs provided fewer referrals to allied health workers and detected fewer new cases of depression, and fewer of them prescribed anti-depressants. Twenty-three measures failed to discriminate before or after adjustment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deciding on 'best quality' is subjective. While literature and guidelines provide clear parameters for many measures, others are difficult to judge. Overall, there was little difference between these two groups. This study has found little evidence to support the claim that computerisation of general practice in Australia has improved the quality of care provided to patients.
authors.affiliation: Family Medicine Research Centre, Discipline of General Practice, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Acacia House, Westmead Hospital, PO Box 533, Wentworthville, NSW 2145, Australia. joanh@med.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Britt
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D003199:Computer Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019937:Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055695:Electronic Prescribing; D005194:Family Practice / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012017:Referral and Consultation