title: Functional dissection of translocon proteins of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2-encoded type III secretion system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type III secretion systems (T3SS) are essential virulence factors of most Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. T3SS deliver effector proteins directly into the cytoplasm of eukaryotic target cells and for this function, the insertion of a subset of T3SS proteins into the target cell membrane is important. These proteins form hetero-oligomeric pores acting as translocon for the delivery of effector proteins. Salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen that uses the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI2)-encoded T3SS to manipulate host cells in order to survive and proliferate within the Salmonella-containing vacuole of host cells. Previous work showed that SPI2-encoded SseB, SseC and SseD act to form the translocon of the SPI2-T3SS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we investigated the structural requirements of SseB and SseD to form a functional translocon. Based on bioinformatic predictions, deletional analyses of SseB and SseD were performed and the effect on secretion by the T3SS, formation of a translocon, translocation of effector proteins and intracellular replication was investigated. Our data showed that both SseB and SseD are very sensitive towards alterations of the primary structure of the proteins. Although proteins encoded by mutant alleles were still secreted, we observed that all mutations resulted in a loss of function of the SPI2-T3SS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations indicate that translocon proteins of the SPI2-T3SS are highly evolved towards the formation of multi-subunit complex in the host cell membrane. Structural alterations are not tolerated and abrogate translocon function.
authors.affiliation: Mikrobiologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Hölzer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hensel
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019295:Computational Biology; D017353:Gene Deletion; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D050505:Mutant Proteins; C474475:SseB protein, Salmonella typhimurium; C502376:SseD protein, Salmonella typhimurium; D037521:Virulence Factors