title: Effect of various surgical modalities in recurrent or persistent trigeminal neuralgia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In recurrent or persistent idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) after initial operation, additional surgical procedures may be required. There are numerous articles reporting the outcomes of additional surgical treatment and it is unclear how best to treat patients with recurrent or persistent TN. We evaluated the subsequent therapeutic options for recurrent or persistent TN.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a retrospective study. The authors reviewed 29 patients (15 female/14 male) who underwent retreatments for recurrent or persistent symptoms after an initial operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up duration was 56.4 months (range 12-78.7) from final treatment. Patients underwent a mean of 2.3 retreatments with a mean period of 26 months (range 1-72) between treatments. Final treatments were as follows: microvascular decompression (MVD) in 12 patients, percutaneous rhizotomy in 10, and radiosurgery in 7. Of the 29 patients, after final treatments, 9 patients (31%) achieved excellent results and 15 (52%) good results. Failure results were seen in 17% of patients with recurrent TN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study the authors demonstrate that percutaneous rhizotomy is recommended for most patients with recurrent pain after MVD, and MVD can be effective in patients with a history of failed percutaneous procedures. Radiosurgery can be utilized to treat those that have not responded to other surgical modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, Sungnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Inbo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Dongah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jonghee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Keungnyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jinwoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ryoong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Sangsup
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016634:Radiosurgery; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019051:Rhizotomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014277:Trigeminal Neuralgia / Q000601:surgery*