Bacterial nitric oxide synthases.
Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are multidomain metalloproteins first identified in mammals as being responsible for the synthesis of the wide-spread signaling and protective agent nitric oxide (NO). Over the past 10 years, prokaryotic proteins that are homologous to animal NOSs have been identified and characterized, both in terms of enzymology and biological function. Despite some interesting differences in cofactor utilization and redox partners, the bacterial enzymes are in many ways similar to their mammalian NOS (mNOS) counterparts and, as such, have provided insight into the structural and catalytic properties of the NOS family. In particular, spectroscopic studies of thermostable bacterial NOSs have revealed key oxyheme intermediates involved in the oxidation of substrate L-arginine (Arg) to product NO. The biological functions of some bacterial NOSs have only more recently come to light. These studies disclose new roles for NO in biology, such as taking part in toxin biosynthesis, protection against oxidative stress, and regulation of recovery from radiation damage.
Crane
Brian R
BR
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. bc69@cornell.edu
Sudhamsu
Jawahar
J
Patel
Bhumit A
BA
D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000378:metabolism
D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase