Involvement of envelope-glycoprotein glycans in HIV-1 biology and infection.
Infection of host cells with HIV-1 depends on a highly glycosylated virus envelope glycoprotein (Env) and host-cell receptors. Glycans participate substantially in Env folding and in the binding of virions to the host-cell surface and indirectly affect cellular uptake of HIV-1. Moreover, Env glycans could protect HIV-1 from host's neutralizing antibodies, but some glycans, on the other hand, represent targets for neutralizing antibodies. Variability of Env and its glycans in the HIV-1 strains from around the world as well as in patients during disease progression contributes substantially to further HIV-1 spreading in spite of the progress in basic HIV-1 research, vaccine development, and highly active antiretroviral therapy of HIV-1 infections.
Raska
Milan
M
Department of Immunology, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic. raskamil@uab.edu
Novak
Jan
J
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000940:Antigenic Variation; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014774:Virulence; D053585:Virus Attachment
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins