title: EKLF directly activates the p21WAF1/CIP1 gene by proximal promoter and novel intronic regulatory regions during erythroid differentiation.
abstract: The switch from proliferation to differentiation during the terminal stages of erythropoiesis is a tightly controlled process that relies in part on transcription factor-mediated activation of cell cycle components. EKLF is a key transcription factor that is necessary for the initial establishment of the red cell phenotype. Here, we find that EKLF also plays a role during the subsequent differentiation process, as it induces p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression independent of p53 to regulate the changes in the cell cycle underlying erythroid maturation. EKLF activates p21 not only by directly binding to an EKLF site within a previously characterized GC-rich region in the p21 proximal promoter but also by occupancy at a novel, phylogenetically conserved region that contains consensus CACCC core motifs located downstream from the p21 TATA box. Our findings demonstrate that EKLF, likely in coordination with other transcription factors, directly contributes to the complex set of events that occur at the final erythroid cell divisions and accentuates terminal differentiation directly by activation of CDK inhibitors such as p21.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Box 1020, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Miroslawa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siatecka
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lohmann
authors.forename: Sujin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bieker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D041905:Erythroid Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; C080774:erythroid Kruppel-like factor