title: Radical radiotherapy for locally advanced cancer of uterine cervix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to evaluate the treatment results, prognostic factors and complication rates in patients with locally advanced cancer of uterine cervix after radiotherapy with high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty patients with a locally advanced (stages IIB approximately IVA according to FIGO classification) carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated with radiotherapy at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center between September 1994 and December 2001. The median age of the patients was 61 years (range 29 to 81). Sixty-one, 56 and 3 patients had FIGO stage IIB, III, and IV diseases, respectively. All patients were given external beam radiotherapy over the whole pelvis (median 50.4 Gy) and HDR intracavitary brachytherapy, with a median of 4 Gy per fraction, to point A. Twenty-one patients received chemotherapy, of which 13 and 21 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy, respectively, during the first and fourth weeks of external beam radiotherapy. The chemotherapy was not randomly assigned and the median follow-up time was 28.5 months (range: 6 approximately 100 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three- and 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 64.4 and 57.0%, and 63.7 and 60.2%, respectively. The 5-year OS and DFS rates of the patients at stages IIB, III and IV were 60.2, 57.9 and 33.3%, and 57.4, 65.4 and 33.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that the FIGO stage, overall treatment time (OTT) and treatment response were significant variables for the OS (p=0.035, p=0.0649 and p=0.0009) and of the DFS (p=0.0009, p=0.0359 and p=0.0363). Multivariate analysis showed that the treatment response was the only significant variable for the OS (p=0.0018) and OTT for the DFS (p=0.0360). The overall incidence of late complications in the rectum and bladder were 11.7 and 6.7%, respectively. In addition, insufficiency fractures were observed in 7 patients (5.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that radical radiotherapy with HDR brachytherapy was appropriate for the treatment of locally advanced uterine cervix cancer. Also, the response after treatment and OTT are significant prognostic factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeung Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seung Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Won
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Do Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Yong Chan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Chang Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Byoung Gie
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Duk Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Je Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chong Taik
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Tae Jin
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung Taek
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hwan Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Ki Heon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Uk
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Shim