Nonoperative management of rectal cancer: current perspectives.
While surgery plays a central role in the management of all stages of operable rectal cancer, nonoperative approaches for both early-stage and locally advanced disease are being explored. This comprehensive review summarizes the current literature regarding the nonoperative management of rectal cancer and discusses caveats and controversies to such an approach.
Higgins
Kristin A
KA
Department of Radiation Oncology Duke, University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Willett
Christopher G
CG
Czito
Brian G
BG
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome