Reduced bone density in patients on long-term warfarin.
OBJECTIVE
Vitamin K is an essential factor for carboxylation of bone matrix protein. Low vitamin K may be associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD). The issue of whether long-term sodium warfarin therapy as oral anticoagulant that antagonizes vitamin K, results in decreased bone density, is controversial. Our purpose in this study was to assess the effects of warfarin on BMD.


METHODS
We performed a case control study survey of bone density in 70 patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease 'mechanical valve replacement' on long-term warfarin compared with 103 randomly selected matched controls.


RESULTS
There was a marked reduction in BMD (g/cm(2)) and T-score of lumbar spine between patients and controls (P = 0.048, 0.005). Duration of warfarin use was the only risk factor of significant importance respectively on spinal T-score (P < 0.03).


CONCLUSIONS
Screening of patients on long-term warfarin for reduced bone density should be considered. We strongly suggest the prophylactic use of calcium-vitamin D supplements for these patients.
Rezaieyazdi
Zahra
Z
Department of Rheumatology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. rezaieyazdi-z@mums.ac.ir
Falsoleiman
Homa
H
Khajehdaluee
Mohammad
M
Saghafi
Masoud
M
Mokhtari-Amirmajdi
Elham
E
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006306:Health Surveys; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects*
D000925:Anticoagulants; D014812:Vitamin K; D014859:Warfarin