title: Comparison of oral Midazolam and Midazolam-Ketamine as sedative agents in paediatric dentistry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the efficacy of sedation with oral Midazolam and a combination of oral Midazolam and Ketamine, used as alternatives to general anaesthesia during tooth extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 patients aged between 3 and 9 years, who had elective tooth extraction were included in the study. Subjects in Group A (n. 15) were given 0.75 mg/kg Midazolam orally while those in Group B (n. 15) were given 0.75 mg/kg Midazolam orally+5 mg/kg ketamine. Acceptance of orally administered drugs, sedation and anxiety scores and reactions to local anaesthetic injection and tooth extraction were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sedation and anxiety scores in Group B were better than in Group A (p<0.05). Reactions to local anaesthetic injection and tooth extraction were very significantly less common in Group B (p<0.0001). Requirement for an additional medication was more common in Group A (p<0.05). Side effects were not observed in either group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient demographics and time to discharge were analysed by Mann-Whitney U test, whereas Chi-square test was used to analyse compliance to sedation, anxiety and sedation scores, reaction to tooth extraction, side effects and additional drug requirement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to oral Midazolam only, a combination of oral Midazolam+Ketamine resulted in better sedation and surgical comfort in children during a painful procedure such as tooth extraction.
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Anestesiology Department, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cagiran
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eyigor
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sipahi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koca
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Balcioglu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uyar
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000145:classification; D004338:Drug Combinations; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007267:Injections; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014081:Tooth Extraction
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D008874:Midazolam