title: Can enzyme kinetics of prooxidants teach us a lesson about the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a pilot post-mortem study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress (OS), is defined as an imbalance of pro- and antioxidants, leading to increased production of free radicals, which can lead to cell damage and death, has been postulated as important factors in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most research has concentrated on the antioxidant system, for the first time, this proof of concept study examines the prooxidant system by investigating kinetic parameters of the free radical producing enzyme xanthine oxidase directly in post mortem brain tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)) and the maximal velocity (V(Max)) of xanthine oxidase (XO) in the cortico-limbic system of patients with AD using activity assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found the Michaelis-Menton constant of XO significantly decreased in hippocampus of patients with AD compared to controls. None of the other brain regions showed any significant alterations of these parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results add further evidence to the amount of research indicating that OS plays an important role in AD. Moreover, these results should encourage more research in this field and it maybe speculated that this might open new avenues for treatment and prevention in AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. tmichel@ukaachen
authors.forename: Tanja Maria
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Wieland
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gsell
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geuder
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frangou
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Durany
authors.forename: Tilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kircher
authors.forename: Abigail Jane
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sheldrick
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tatschner
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riederer
authors.forename: Edna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grünblatt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology*; D003933:Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014969:Xanthine Oxidase