title: Molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence in the monocyte-macrophage lineage.
abstract: The introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has greatly improved survival. However, these treatments fail to definitively cure the patients and unveil the presence of quiescent HIV-1 reservoirs like cells from monocyte-macrophage lineage. A purge, or at least a significant reduction of these long lived HIV-1 reservoirs will be needed to raise the hope of the viral eradication. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms responsible for viral persistence in cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Controversy on latency and/or cryptic chronic replication will be specifically evoked. In addition, since HIV-1 infected monocyte-macrophage cells appear to be more resistant to apoptosis, this obstacle to the viral eradication will be discussed. Understanding the intimate mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence is a prerequisite to devise new and original therapies aiming to achieve viral eradication.
authors.affiliation: INSERM unit 575, Pathophysiology of Central Nervous System, Institute of Virology, rue Koeberlé, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Le Douce
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Herbein
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rohr
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000821:virology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000821:virology*; D017735:Virus Latency; D014779:Virus Replication