title: Effect of tropical browse leaves supplementation on rumen enzymes of sheep and goats fed Dichanthium annulatum grass-based diets.
abstract: In a switch-over experiment, eight male animals, four each of sheep and goats of local breeds with mean body weight of 26. 8 +/- 2.0 and 30.0 +/- 2.1 kg, were fed Dichanthium annulatum (DA) grass and four browse species viz. Helictris isora, Securengia virosa, Leucaena leucocephala (LL) and Hardwickia binnata (HB) in four feeding trials to assess their supplementary effect on activity of rumen enzymes. The sheep and goats were offered DA grass with individual browse in 75:25 and 50:50 proportions, respectively, for more than 3 months during each feeding trial, and rumen liquor samples were collected twice at 0 and 4 h post feeding after 60 and 90 days of feeding. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzymes were determined in the bacteria and protozoa fractions of rumen liquor, while cellulase enzyme activity was measured in mixed rumen liquor. LL and HB had the highest and lowest contents of CP, while fibre contents were lower in early than later browse leaves. Supplementation of browse leaves significantly (P < 0.05) affect the specific activity of GDH enzyme in bacteria fraction of rumen liquor of animal species, while GDH activity was similar in protozoa fraction of rumen liquor of sheep and goats on all DA grass-browse-supplemented diets except DA-HB (42.8 units/mg protein), where activity was significantly (P < 0.05) low. Specific activities of GOT and GPT enzymes in both bacteria and protozoa fractions of rumen liquor differ significantly (P < 0.05) due to supplementation of browse leaves to DA grass. Browse leaves significantly (P < 0.05) affect the cellulase enzyme activity in animal rumen liquor, being highest on DA-LL (193.4) and lowest on DA-HB diet (144.8 microg sugar/mg protein). Goat exhibited higher activities of GOT and GPT than sheep in both bacteria and protozoa fraction of rumen liquor, while cellulase activity was similar between the animal species on the grass-browse leaves diets. Results indicate that browse leaves supplementation affect the enzyme activities of sheep and goats rumen, while the goats rumen liquor had higher activities of GOT, GPT and GDH enzyme than sheep.
authors.affiliation: Plant Animal Relationship Division, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India. singh.sultan@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Sultan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kundu
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D024443:Aspartate Aminotransferase, Cytoplasmic / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D006041:Goats / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D007194:India; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D019660:Malvaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012417:Rumen / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012756:Sheep / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D024443:Aspartate Aminotransferase, Cytoplasmic; D000410:Alanine Transaminase