title: Nocturnal enuresis in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: prevalence, potential causes, and pathophysiology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and potential causes of secondary nocturnal enuresis (NE) in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents with AN completed the Incontinence Symptom Index-Pediatric (ISI-P), a self-report urinary incontinence survey. Those who had NE associated with the onset of AN on the ISI-P completed a comprehensive clinical and laboratory evaluation, including urinary flow measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of NE in adolescents with AN was 17.0% (10 of 59). The overall frequency of day- and night-time urinary incontinence symptoms in adolescents with AN was 62.7%; urgency incontinence, 57.6%; stress incontinence, 32.2%; and insensate incontinence, 17.0%. Nine of the 10 adolescents with NE had secondary NE and confirmed that bedwetting ceased after weight restoration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased functional bladder capacity and detrusor instability may contribute to the NE observed in this population. The high prevalence of NE in adolescents with AN warrants further study to determine the potential causative pathways. Clinicians who work with adolescents with AN should assess for this problem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Nuray
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanbur
authors.forename: Leora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pinhas
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Farhat
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Licht
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Katzman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*