title: Inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system leads to preferential accumulation of toxic N-terminal mutant huntingtin fragments.
abstract: An expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) domain in the N-terminal region of huntingtin (htt) causes misfolding and accumulation of htt in neuronal cells and the subsequent neurodegeneration of Huntington's disease (HD). Clearing the misfolded htt is critical for preventing neuropathology, and this process is mediated primarily by both the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. Although overexpression of mutant htt can inhibit UPS activity in cultured cells, mutant htt does not inhibit global UPS activity in the brains of HD transgenic mice. These findings underscore the importance of investigating the function of the UPS and autophagy in the brain when mutant proteins are not overexpressed. When cultured PC12 cells were treated with either UPS or autophagy inhibitors, more N-terminal mutant htt fragments accumulated via inhibition of the UPS. Furthermore, in HD CAG repeat knock-in mouse brain, inhibiting the UPS also resulted in a greater accumulation of N-terminal, but not full-length, mutant htt than inhibiting autophagy did. Our findings suggest that impairment of the UPS may be more important for the accumulation of N-terminal mutant htt and might therefore make an attractive therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Division of Histology and Embryology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chuan-En
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xingshun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiao-Jiang
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shihua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D055879:Gene Knock-In Techniques; D006801:Humans; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C506812:Htt protein, mouse; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D025801:Ubiquitin; C097188:polyglutamine; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex