title: Effects of highly ordered TiO2 nanotube substrates on the nucleation of Cu electrodeposits.
abstract: We investigated the effects of TiO2 nanotube substrates on the nucleation density of Cu during electrodeposition in a solution of CuSO4 and H2SO4 at 50 degrees C compared with those of pure Ti and micro-porous TiO2 substrates. During electrodeposition, the density of Cu nuclei on the TiO2 nanotube substrate increased and the average size of Cu nuclei decreased with increasing anodizing voltage and time for the synthesis of the substrate. In addition, the nucleation density of Cu electrodeposits on the highly ordered TiO2 nanotube substrate was much higher than that on pure Ti and micro-porous TiO2 substrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Hee
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Chan Jin
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyuk Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kwon