title: [Geopolitical development inequalities in gender in Spain 1980-2005: a structural determinant of health].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gender is a structural health determinant. This study analyses the changes in gender development inequalities in Spain and its regions (1980-2005).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ecological study of the evolution of Gender Development Index and its components (Education, Income, Life Expectancy at Birth) by sex in Spain and its regions (1980-2005). Information Source: Gender Development Index (1980-2005) from the Human Capital Report, plus construction ad hoc of the Gender Development Index 2005 following the same methodology of Human Capital Report.
  
  
  METHODS
  National Statistics Institute, Active Population Survey, Municipal Register, Ministry of Education, Universities Council, EUROSTAT, and Wage Structure Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spanish Gender Development Index 2005:0,903 and 1980:0,810. The range between regions under Spanish Gender Development Index was 3 times higher in 1980 (DifferenceC.Valenciana-Extremadura:0,068) than in 2005 (DifferenceAsturias-Extremadura:0,023). The regions above the Spanish Gender Development Index did not vary much. The three components (Education, Income, Life Expectancy at Birth) of the Gender Development Index improved from 1980 to 2005. The Spanish Education Index of men was higher than this value in women until 1985; later this index becomes higher in women than in men. The Spanish Income Index of women in 2005 (0,814) is inferior to that of men 25 years before (1980:0,867).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the improvement of the gender development happened in Spain between 1980 and 2005, the inter-regional inequalities between north-south persist. In 2005, women have more education level than men. However, the Spanish income media in women in 2005 are inferior to the media of the men in 1980.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación de Salud Pública, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España. mercedes.carrasco@ua.es
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrasco-Portiño
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ruiz Cantero
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernández Sáez
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Clemente Gómez
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Roca Pérez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004493:Education; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain