title: Immunostimulating effects of a sulfated galactan from Codium fragile.
abstract: A pyruvylated sulfated galactan from Codium fragile is a highly ramified polysaccharide consisting of 3-linked, 3,6-linked, and non-reducing terminal d-galactose with pyruvate and sulfate groups; the glycan exerts anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 effects in vitro and in vivo. This particular polysaccharide was found to stimulate the production of nitric oxide by inducing iNOS at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, the polysaccharide also induced several cytokine mRNA expressions such as IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha. Therefore, it appears that the sulfated galactan might possess the immunostimulating effects via activation of macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Jung-Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D005685:Galactans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C033158:sulfuric acid