title: Smelling odors, understanding actions.
abstract: Previous evidence indicates that we understand others' actions not only by perceiving their visual features but also by their sound. This raises the possibility that brain regions responsible for action understanding respond to cues coming from different sensory modalities. Yet no studies, to date, have examined if this extends to olfaction. Here we addressed this issue by using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We searched for brain activity related to the observation of an action executed towards an object that was smelled rather than seen. The results show that temporal, parietal, and frontal areas were activated when individuals observed a hand grasping a smelled object. This activity differed from that evoked during the observation of a mimed grasp. Furthermore, superadditive activity was revealed when the action target-object was both seen and smelled. Together these findings indicate the influence of olfaction on action understanding and its contribution to multimodal action representations.
authors.affiliation: University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tubaldi
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turella
authors.forename: Andrea C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pierno
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grodd
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tirindelli
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Castiello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain; D001931:Brain Mapping; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants; D055696:Olfactory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult