title: Compromised gastrointestinal integrity in pigtail macaques is associated with increased microbial translocation, immune activation, and IL-17 production in the absence of SIV infection.
abstract: Pigtail macaques (PTMs) rapidly progress to AIDS after simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. Given the strong association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and SIV disease progression and microbial translocation and immune activation, we assessed whether high basal levels of immune activation and microbial translocation exist in PTMs. We found that before SIV infection, PTMs had high levels of microbial translocation that correlated with significant damage to the structural barrier of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, this increased microbial translocation correlated with high levels of immune activation and was associated with high frequencies of interleukin-17-producing T cells. These data highlight the relationship among mucosal damage, microbial translocation and systemic immune activation in the absence of SIV replication, and underscore the importance of microbial translocation in the rapid course of disease progression in SIV-infected PTMs. Furthermore, these data suggest that PTM may be an ideal model to study therapeutic interventions aimed at decreasing microbial translocation-induced immune activation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Klatt
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Vinton
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Briant
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tabb
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morcock
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: McGinty
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lifson
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lafont
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brenchley
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D020381:Interleukin-17