title: Epididymo-orchitis and central nervous system nocardiosis in a bone marrow transplant recipient for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report a case of epididymo-orchitis and central nervous system nocardiosis in a 22-year-old man with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; he was an allogeneic marrow recipient with acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  He had microscopic hematuria and cytomegalovirus antigenemia. He deteriorated subsequently while on cyclosporine and steroids, requiring hospital admission owing to fever and swelling of the left testis and generalized tonic-clonic convulsions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal signal area in right parietal and left parieto-occipital lobes. The lesions had mass effect, edema, and ring enhancement. Findings were indicative of a brain abscess. A testicular biopsy from the lower pole of the left testis was done. A white-to-yellowish discharge was seen and subsequently, Nocardia grew in culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was prescribed, and significant improvement was seen after 2 weeks. The patient was discharged. He was subsequently referred after 3 weeks due to graft-versus-host disease and died of pancytopenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dehghani
authors.forename: Seyed Mohsen
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dehghani
authors.forename: Mohammad-Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Davarpanah
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001922:Brain Abscess / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004823:Epididymitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000382:microbiology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009617:Nocardia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D009920:Orchitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D010198:Pancytopenia / Q000209:etiology; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000601:surgery*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination