title: Feeding co-extruded flaxseed to pigs: effects of duration and feeding level on growth performance and backfat fatty acid composition of grower-finisher pigs.
abstract: To examine the effect of co-extrusion on subsequent n-3 fatty acids in pig tissues, 8 pigs (barrows and gilts) were assigned to either a control treatment or one of nine treatments arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial design with 3 levels of co-extruded flaxseed (5%, 10% and 15%) and 3 durations of feeding (4, 8 and 12 weeks). Feed conversion improved slightly (P=0.01) with increasing dietary flaxseed but feeding flax for more than 8 weeks reduced average daily gain (P=0.02). In general, the duration and level of co-extruded flaxseed feeding affected (P<0.05) most fatty acids except for 22:6n-3 (P>0.05). Increasing the duration of flax feeding led to significant quadratic effects in backfat 18:3n-3 (P<0.001) and total n-3 fatty acids (P=0.002) when feeding 5% co-extruded flaxseed. Those increases were linear (P<0.001) when feeding 10% and 15% co-extruded flaxseed. Consequently feeding higher levels of flax for shorter periods vs. lower levels for longer periods appears to be more efficient at increasing n-3 fatty acids in pig backfat, but increases appeared to be less consistent. Moreover the addition of a 50:50 mix of extruded flax/peas to pig diets provided a highly available source of 18:3n-3 yielding n-3 fatty acid enrichments in backfat comparable to studies where extracted flaxseed oil was fed. Feeding flax co-extruded with field peas can be used to optimize consistent enrichments of n-3 fatty acids in back fat and relatively small amounts of this fat could be used to manufacture pork products to meet Canadian standards for n-3 fatty acid enrichment.
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juárez
authors.forename: M E R
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dugan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aldai
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Aalhus
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Patience
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002369:Castration; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D007887:Fabaceae; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D019597:Flax; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010938:Plant Oils