title: Development of a microalgal PAM test method for Cu(II) in waters: comparison of using spectrofluorometry.
abstract: Test methods are needed to monitor Cu concentrations in reservoirs and water supplies. Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides (Chlorophyta) cells were immobilized in a silicate sol-gel and the toxic effects of Cu(II) were examined using different techniques: fluorescence measurements (using a spectrofluorometer with an optic fiber coupled to a flow cell or a 96-well-plate reader) or by Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) parameters using a portable instrument and the pulse saturation method. Fm' and qN were the most sensitive indicator parameters when performing Cu analysis in water. D. chlorelloides PAM biosensor presented a detection limit of 0.6 mg l(-1) for Cu(II), within the limits to establish if Cu concentrations exceeded regulatory levels. Moreover, a 1.9 mg Cu l(-1) (30 microM) resistant strain of the D. chlorelloides microalgae was produced in order to obtain more selectivity on the metal determination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peña-Vázquez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pérez-Conde
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Costas
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Moreno-Bondi
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000187:drug effects*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D003300:Copper