title: Treatment effects of massage therapy in depressed people: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systematically investigate the treatment effects of massage therapy in depressed people by incorporating data from recent studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of massage therapy in depressed people was conducted using published studies from PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL electronic database from inception until July 2008. The terms used for the search were derived from medical subheading term (MeSH) massage combined with MeSH depression. Hand searching was also checked for bibliographies of relevant articles. Retrieval articles were constrained to RCTs/clinical trials and human subjects. No language restrictions were imposed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 17 studies containing 786 persons from 246 retrieved references. Trials with other intervention, combined therapy, and massage on infants or pregnant women were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers independently performed initial screen and assessed quality indicators by Jadad scale. Data were extracted on publication year, participant characteristics, and outcomes by another single reviewer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All trials showed positive effect of massage therapy on depressed people. Seventeen RCTs were of moderate quality, with a mean quality score of 6.4 (SD = 0.85). The pooled standardized mean difference in fixed- and random-effects models were 0.76 (95% CI, 0.61-0.91) and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.52-0.93), respectively. Both indicated significant effectiveness in the treatment group compared with the control group. The variance between these studies revealed possible heterogeneity (tau(2) = 0.06, Cochran chi-squared(16) = 25.77, P = .06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Massage therapy is significantly associated with alleviated depressive symptoms. However, standardized protocols of massage therapy, various depression rating scales, and target populations in further studies are suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, E-Da Hospital and College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Hsuan
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Pai-Tsung
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Tun-Yen
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Su-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Yung-Chieh
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult