title: Subtypes of sleep disturbance: associations among symptoms, comorbidities, treatment, and medical costs.
abstract: Medical claims and survey data were used to evaluate patients with sleep disturbance lasting 1 year or more, and to identify subtypes of sleep disturbance using latent class analysis. Four subtypes were identified from the 1,374 patients. Subtypes differed on the number of sleep disturbance symptoms, presence of non-restorative sleep and comorbidities, degree of daytime impairment, and insomnia severity. The results from this study suggest that patient-reported symptoms of sleep disturbance, the frequency of symptoms, functional impairment, and comorbid conditions are important elements in distinguishing among groups of patients with varying degrees of sleep problems. These data provide evidence that the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) varies accordingly with the frequency and resulting impairment of symptoms captured in the 4 clusters.
authors.affiliation: Jefferson School of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. kathleen.a.foley@jefferson.edu
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sarsour
authors.forename: Anupama
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalsekar
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012890:Sleep; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States