title: Development of protection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) to Vibrio anguillarum following use of the probiotic Kocuria SM1.
abstract: Probiotic Kocuria SM1, which was part of the allochthonous gut microbiota of rainbow trout, was administered to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings as dietary supplement at approximately 10(8) cells g(-1) for two weeks. The fish were challenged with Vibrio anguillarum and innate immunity determined over the following 5 weeks. The probiotic-fed fish survived (mortalities = 10-28%; P < 0.05) better than the controls (mortalities = 73-92%) for 5 weeks after stopping administration of Kocuria SM1, although the relative percent survival (RPS) declined steadily from 87 to 36% by the end of the experiment. A significant (P < 0.05) effect on the immune parameters was observed in fish within 3 weeks after stopping administration of Kocuria SM1 in comparison with the controls, i.e. enhancement of the respiratory burst (OD(550nm)) from 0.051 +/- 0.014 to 0.067 +/- 0.009, lysozyme 605 +/- 185 units ml(-1) to 872 +/- 114 units ml(-1), total protein 19.8 +/- 2.0 mg ml(-1) to 23.8 +/- 0.8 mg ml(-1) at 2 weeks, and leukocrit 2.9 +/- 1.8% to 5.1 +/- 1.1%, peroxidase (OD(550nm)) 0.23 +/- 0.02 to 0.37 +/- 0.11 and bacterial killing activities (percentage of surviving bacteria = 82 +/- 12% to 57 +/- 4%) at 3 weeks. Generally, the levels reduced progressively towards the end of experiment.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sharifuzzaman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Austin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008835:Micrococcaceae / Q000276:immunology*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000276:immunology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D019936:Probiotics; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014733:Vibrio / Q000276:immunology; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D009195:Peroxidase