title: Cross-organ sensitization of thoracic spinal neurons receiving noxious cardiac input in rats with gastroesophageal reflux.
abstract: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) frequently triggers or worsens cardiac pain or symptoms in patients with coronary heart disease. This study aimed to determine whether GER enhances the activity of upper thoracic spinal neurons receiving noxious cardiac input. Gastric fundus and pyloric ligations as well as a longitudinal myelotomy at the gastroesophageal junction induced acute GER in pentobarbital-anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated male Sprague-Dawley rats. Manual manipulations of the stomach and lower esophagus were used as surgical controls in another group. At 4-9 h after GER surgery, extracellular potentials of single neurons were recorded from the T3 spinal segment. Intrapericardial bradykinin (IB) (10 microg/ml, 0.2 ml, 1 min) injections were used to activate cardiac nociceptors, and esophageal distensions were used to activate esophageal afferent fibers. Significantly more spinal neurons in the GER group responded to IB compared with the control group (69.1 vs. 38%, P < 0.01). The proportion of IB-responsive neurons in the superficial laminae of GER animals was significantly different from those in deeper layers (1/8 vs. 46/60, P < 0.01); no difference was found in control animals (7/25 vs. 20/46, P > 0.05). Excitatory responses of spinal neurons to IB in the GER group were greater than in the control group [32.4 +/- 3.5 impulses (imp)/s vs. 13.3 +/- 2.3 imp/s, P < 0.01]. Forty-five of 47 (95.7%) neurons responded to cardiac input and ED, which was higher than the control group (61.5%, P < 0.01). These results indicate that acute GER enhanced the excitatory responses of thoracic spinal neurons in deeper laminae of the dorsal horn to noxious cardiac stimulus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box 26901, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA. chao-qin@ouhsc.edu
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Anna P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Malykhina
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Jay P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Farber
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Foreman
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D004947:Esophagus / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000473:pathology*; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation*; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009619:Nociceptors; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013127:Spinal Nerves / Q000502:physiology*