title: Antimicrobial resistance and in vitro biofilm-forming ability of enterococci from intensive and extensive farming broilers.
abstract: Enterococci, major broiler intestinal colonizers, play a recognized role in antimicrobial resistance transmission. Several virulence mechanisms, such as biofilm expression, have been identified. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, and gentamicin and biofilm production of 34 isolates from intensive and extensive farming system broilers were evaluated. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. In extensive-reared broilers (n = 18), resistance to enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, and gentamicin was high (83.33, 55.56, 100, and 83.33%, respectively). Intensive farming broilers (n = 16) showed a lower resistance level for enrofloxacin and streptomycin and a higher resistance level for oxytetracycline and gentamicin. The relation between antimicrobial susceptibility and farming system was not significant for all drugs tested (P > or = 0.05). Enterococci produced biofilm at 24 h (47.0%), 48 h (55.9%), and 72 h (58.8%). Resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin was related to biofilm production at all time points (P < or = 0.05), whereas resistance to enrofloxacin was only related to biofilm at 24 h (P < or = 0.05; Friedman's test). No relation was found between susceptibility to oxytetracyclin and biofilm formation at any of the 3 time points studied (P > or = 0.05). Poultry are colonized by biofilm-producing and antimicrobial-resistant enterococci, independently of the farming system. Results show a relation between resistance to the majority of the drugs tested and biofilm production, which reenforces the importance of these virulence factors in animal and public health.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal. moliveira@fmv.utl.pt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Vilela
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D005839:Gentamicins; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D014640:Vancomycin; D010118:Oxytetracycline; D013307:Streptomycin