title: Adjuvant glycerol is not beneficial in experimental pneumococcal meningitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacterial meningitis in children causes high rates of mortality and morbidity. In a recent clinical trial, oral glycerol significantly reduced severe neurological sequelae in paediatric meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, and a tendency towards a benefit of adjunctive glycerol was seen in pneumococcal meningitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we examined the effects of glycerol in pneumococcal meningitis of infant rats and adult mice. All animals received ceftriaxone, and glycerol or placebo. Brain damage, hearing loss, and inflammatory parameters were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinically and by histopathology, animals treated with glycerol or placebo did not differ. While both groups showed equally high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 at 24 h after infection, a significant difference in favour of glycerol was observed at 40 h after infection. However, this difference in matrix metalloproteinase-9 in late disease did not result in an improvement of histopathologic parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No benefit of adjunctive glycerol was found in these models of pneumococcal meningitis.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blaser
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grandgirard
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wittwer
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peltola
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weigand
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Koedel
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Leib
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008586:Meningitis, Pneumococcal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D010919:Placebos / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010919:Placebos; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D005990:Glycerol