title: Exogenous interferon-gamma immunotherapy for invasive fungal infections in kidney transplant patients.
abstract: The incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in nonneutropenic solid organ transplant patients is increasing. We report our clinical experience with the use of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) immunotherapy in seven renal transplant patients who developed life threatening, disseminated IFIs refractory to conventional antifungal drug therapy. The infections were all microbiologically and histologically proven. The rapid cure of these disseminated infections with exogenous IFN-gamma injections was not associated with impaired kidney allograft function despite the use of liposomal amphotericin B in all cases. No clinical toxicity from the IFN-gamma immunotherapy was seen and no IFI relapsed during long-term follow-up. Our experience is both uncontrolled and in patients with unpredictable fungal infection-related outcomes. However, compared to standard approaches, the accelerated cure of life threatening, disseminated IFIs with 6 weeks of combination antifungal drug therapy and IFN-gamma immunotherapy saved lives, retained allograft function and led to substantial cost savings in this small patient group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College, London, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Armstrong-James
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Petrou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taube
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dorling
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaunak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; C068538:liposomal amphotericin B; D000666:Amphotericin B; D007371:Interferon-gamma