title: Significantly improved precision of cell migration analysis in time-lapse video microscopy through use of a fully automated tracking system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cell motility is a critical parameter in many physiological as well as pathophysiological processes. In time-lapse video microscopy, manual cell tracking remains the most common method of analyzing migratory behavior of cell populations. In addition to being labor-intensive, this method is susceptible to user-dependent errors regarding the selection of "representative" subsets of cells and manual determination of precise cell positions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have quantitatively analyzed these error sources, demonstrating that manual cell tracking of pancreatic cancer cells lead to mis-calculation of migration rates of up to 410%. In order to provide for objective measurements of cell migration rates, we have employed multi-target tracking technologies commonly used in radar applications to develop fully automated cell identification and tracking system suitable for high throughput screening of video sequences of unstained living cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate that our automatic multi target tracking system identifies cell objects, follows individual cells and computes migration rates with high precision, clearly outperforming manual procedures.
authors.affiliation: Research group of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Institute of Neural Information Processing, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huth
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buchholz
authors.forename: Johann M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmucker
authors.forename: Götz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: von Wichert
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krndija
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seufferlein
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Gress
authors.forename: Hans A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kestler
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D002465:Cell Movement; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018715:Microscopy, Video / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software