title: The association between cognitive factors, pain and disability in patients with idiopathic chronic neck pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between known cognitive factors and levels of pain and disability in patients with idiopathic chronic neck pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four patients referred for physiotherapy because of chronic neck pain completed measures of pain, disability, catastrophising, pain-related fear, pain vigilance and awareness and self-efficacy beliefs. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were then performed to establish whether the cognitive factors were significant determinants of levels of pain and disability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cognitive measures were significantly related to levels of pain and disability, explaining 23% of the variance in pain intensity and 30% of the variance in disability. Specifically, greater catastrophising (beta  =  0.37, p  <  0.05) and lower pain vigilance and awareness (beta =  -  0.32, p  <  0.05) were associated with greater pain intensity. Moreover, greater catastrophising (beta =  0.26, p  <  0.05) and lower functional self-efficacy beliefs (beta =  -  0.34, p  <  0.001) were significantly associated with greater levels of disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive factors were strongly related to levels of pain and disability in patients with chronic neck pain. In view of this, targeting the modification of these cognitive factors should be an integral part of therapy when treating patients with idiopathic chronic neck pain.
authors.affiliation: The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Physiotherapy, North Manchester General Hospital, Crumpsall, Manchester, United Kingdom. david.thompson@pat.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Dave P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urmston
authors.forename: Jaqueline A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Oldham
authors.forename: Steve R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Woby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D058443:Catastrophization; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003071:Cognition; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D058748:Pain Perception; D020377:Self Efficacy