title: Effects of Smoking Cessation on Illicit Drug Use among Opioid Maintenance Patients: A Pilot Study.
abstract: Opioid treatment program patients and staff often have concerns that smoking cessation may jeopardize abstinence from illicit drug use. In this study, we evaluated whether smoking abstinence produced with a two-week contingency-management (CM) intervention was associated with relapse to illicit drug use among patients enrolled in opioid maintenance. Opioid-maintenance patients who were stable in treatment and abstinent from illicit drugs were enrolled in a 14-day smoking-cessation study. Participants were dichotomized into Abstainers (> 90% smoking-negative samples, n=12) and Smokers (< 10% smoking-negative samples, n=16). Illicit drug assays included opioids, oxycodone, propoxyphene, cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine and benzodiazepines. There were no differences between the Abstainers and Smokers, with 99% and 96% of samples testing negative for all illicit drugs in each group, respectively. Data from this study provide no evidence that smoking cessation among stable opioid-maintained patients undermines drug abstinence and lend support for programs that encourage smoking cessation during drug abuse treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Vermont.
authors.forename: Kelly E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Stacey C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sigmon
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reimann
authors.forename: Sarah H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Heil
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Higgins
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