title: Prediction of CCND1 amplification using plasma DNA as a prognostic marker in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to develop a new biomarker to predict cyclin D1 (CCND1) status using plasma DNA in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the ratio of the CCND1 (11q13) dosage to the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2; 11q22-23) dosage (C/D ratio) as CCND1 copy number. This study was divided into three steps: (1) Determination of a cutoff value for the C/D ratio in test scale; (2) Comparison of the C/D ratio in between plasma samples and cancer tissues in ESCC patients showing high plasma C/D ratio; (3) Validation study of the clinical application of the plasma C/D ratio as a diagnostic and prognostic marker, by comparing with clinicopathologic factors in 96 ESCC patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma C/D ratio was significantly higher in the ESCC group than the controls (P=0.0134). A high plasma C/D ratio reflected the tumour C/D ratio, and significantly correlated with a poorer prognosis (P=0.0186). Moreover, the high C/D ratio was found to be an independent prognostic factor on multivariate analysis (P=0.0266; hazard ratio 5.988).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prediction of CCND1 amplification using plasma DNA is thought to be a promising prognostic biomarker in ESCC patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsujiura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosuga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morimura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiozaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Otsuji
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005784:Gene Amplification; D018628:Gene Dosage; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics; D012008:Recurrence; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: C530104:CCND1 protein, human; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D019938:Cyclin D1
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