Enhancement of cognitive control by approach and avoidance motivational states.
Affective variables have been shown to impact working memory and cognitive control. Theoretical arguments suggest that the functional impact of emotion on cognition might be mediated through shifting action dispositions related to changes in motivational orientation. The current study examined the effects of positive and negative affect on performance via direct manipulation of motivational state in tasks with high demands on cognitive control. Experiment 1 examined the effects of monetary reward on task-switching performance, while Experiment 2 examined the effects of both rewards and punishments on working memory, using primary (liquid) reinforcers. In both experiments, dissociable trial-by-trial and contextual (block-related) enhancements of cognitive control during task performance were observed in relationship to motivational incentive value. Performance enhancements were equivalent in the reward and punishment conditions, but were differentially impacted by individual difference measures of trait reward and punishment sensitivity. Together, the results suggest both common and specific mechanisms by which approach and avoidance motivational states influence cognitive control, via activation of reward and punishment processing systems.
Savine
Adam C
AC
Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis.
Beck
Stefanie M
SM
Edwards
Bethany G
BG
Chiew
Kimberly S
KS
Braver
Todd S
TS
Trends Cogn Sci. 2009 Apr;13(4):160-6
19285913
Emotion. 2008 Apr;8(2):267-80
18410200
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Apr 16;99(8):5669-74
11960021
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2005 Jun;5(2):182-90
16180624
Psychol Bull. 1996 Jul;120(1):3-24
8711015
Trends Cogn Sci. 2003 Mar;7(3):134-140
12639695
Psychol Rev. 2001 Jul;108(3):624-52
11488380
Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):307-10
15073380
Cognition. 2008 Oct;109(1):133-42
18835601
Emotion. 2007 Aug;7(3):668-74
17683222
Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):91-4
17023651
Trends Cogn Sci. 2005 May;9(5):242-9
15866151
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2004 Mar;30(2):343-353
14979809
Psychol Rev. 1984 Apr;91(2):153-84
6571423
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Feb;9(2):148-58
18209732
Psychol Sci. 2008 May;19(5):476-82
18466409
J Neurophysiol. 2001 Mar;85(3):1315-21
11248000
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1995;18:193-222
7605061
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1991 Jul;61(1):132-40
1890584
Psychophysiology. 2008 Jan;45(1):119-29
17910734
Trends Cogn Sci. 2007 Jul;11(7):307-16
17553730
Brain Res. 2007 Apr 13;1141:168-77
17320835
Psychol Sci. 2002 Jan;13(1):34-40
11892776
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990 Feb;58(2):330-41
2319445
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2008 Mar;8(1):99-112
18405050
Neuroimage. 2008 Aug 15;42(2):988-97
18556218
Behav Res Methods. 2007 Aug;39(3):445-59
17958156
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2004 Dec;4(4):540-52
15849896
PLoS One. 2010 Feb 16;5(2):e9251
20169080
Brain Cogn. 2006 Feb;60(1):11-9
16216400
Cogn Psychol. 2000 Nov;41(3):211-53
11032657
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2008 Sep;8(3):239-53
18814461
Am Psychol. 1997 Dec;52(12):1280-300
9414606
Psychol Sci. 2005 Nov;16(11):852-5
16262768
Neuroimage. 2004 Mar;21(3):1045-54
15006672
Science. 1999 Mar 12;283(5408):1657-61
10073923
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2001;24:167-202
11283309
Emotion. 2003 Dec;3(4):378-93
14674830
Eur J Neurosci. 2007 Dec;26(12):3661-8
18088285
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Mar 19;99(6):4115-20
11904454
Science. 1966 Aug 5;153(3736):652-4
5939936
J Pers. 1999 Oct;67(5):761-91
10540757
Psychon Bull Rev. 2002 Mar;9(1):86-92
12026956
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 2;104(1):383-8
17182749
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2001 Sep;130(3):436-52
11561919
Emotion. 2007 May;7(2):336-53
17516812
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 May 5;106(18):7351-6
19380750
Cereb Cortex. 2005 Dec;15(12):1855-65
15746002
Psychol Rev. 2007 Apr;114(2):376-97
17500631
Mem Cognit. 2006 Oct;34(7):1377-97
17263064
Psychol Sci. 2009 May;20(5):549-50
19476588
Psychol Rev. 1959 May;66(3):183-201
13658305