title: Does chemotherapy affect the visual outcome in children with optic pathway glioma? A systematic review of the evidence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overall prognosis for optic pathway glioma (OPG) in children is excellent. Little is known, however, about the effect of chemotherapy on visual outcome of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the literature was carried out to identify all studies published in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library between 1990 and 2008 reporting visual outcome in children with OPG after chemotherapy. Studies were included when they included 10 or more children with OPG, main treatment was chemotherapy and visual outcome was described. Cochrane guidelines for meta-analysis of non-randomised clinical trials were followed and levels of quality were assigned.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five potentially relevant publications were retrieved for detailed evaluation and only 8 were included. The review revealed 0 randomised controlled trials, 0 non-randomised controlled trials, 3 (37.5%) single-arm trials (1 multi-institutional and 2 single institution trials) and 5 (62.5%) retrospective series. All studies achieved a level of evidence of 4 according to CEBM classification (case-series and poor quality cohort and case-control studies). Only 25 of 174 children experienced improvement in vision after chemotherapy (14.4%), responses ranged from 0% to 45.5%. Vision was stable in 82 children (47.1%, range 27-100%). No study documented the duration of the visual response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Published studies on childhood low grade gliomas have not shown satisfactorily whether chemotherapy improves outcome of vision in children with OPG. Based on our systematic review it appears that treatment with chemotherapy does not improve resulting vision in the majority of children with OPG. The data available does not allow us to assess whether vision is stabilised sufficiently prior to treatment with radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK. lucasmorenomr@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.forename: Catriona
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Stergios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zacharoulis
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D020339:Optic Nerve Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology