title: A light-harvesting antenna resulting from the self-assembly of five luminescent components: a dendrimer, two clips, and two lanthanide ions.
abstract: We have investigated the self-assembly of three luminescent species in CH(3)CN/CH(2)Cl(2), namely: 1) a polylysin dendrimer (D) composed of 21 aliphatic amide units and 24 green luminescent dansyl chromophores at the periphery, 2) a molecular clip (C) with two blue luminescent anthracene sidewalls and a benzene bridging unit that bears two sulfate groups in the para position, and 3) a near infrared (NIR)-emitting Nd(3+) ion. For purposes of comparison, analogous systems have also been investigated in which Gd(3+) replaced Nd(3+). The dendrimer and the clip can bind Nd(3+) ions with formation of [D.2Nd(3+)] and [C.Nd(3+)] complexes, in which energy transfer from dansyl and, respectively, anthracene to Nd(3+) ion takes place with 65 and 8% efficiency, in air-equilibrated solution. In the case of [C.Nd(3+)], the energy-transfer efficiency is quenched by dioxygen, thereby showing that the energy donor is the lowest triplet excited state of anthracene. In [D.2Nd(3+)] the intrinsic emission efficiency of Nd(3+) is much higher (ca. 5 times) than in [C.Nd(3+)] because of a better protection of the excited lanthanide ion towards nonradiative deactivation caused by interaction with solvent molecules. By mixing solutions of D, Nd(3+), and C with proper concentrations, a supramolecular structure with five components of three different species, [D.2Nd(3+).2C], is formed. The excitation light absorbed by the clips is transferred with 100% efficiency to the dansyl units of the dendrimer and then to the Nd(3+) ions with 65% efficiency either in the presence or absence of dioxygen. These results show that the [D.2Nd(3+).2C] complex is able to efficiently harvest UV light by the 24 dansyl units of the dendrimer and the four anthracene chromophores of the two clips, and efficiently transfer it to the encapsulated Nd(3+) ions that emit in the NIR spectral region.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Branchi
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ceroni
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Balzani
authors.forename: Frank-Gerrit
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Klärner
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vögtle