title: Tuberculosis as part of the natural history of HIV infection in developing countries.
abstract: An enhanced, refocused research agenda is critical to reducing the burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in developing countries. TB threatens HIV-infected patients before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy, is difficult to diagnose, is rapidly fatal when it is drug resistant, and is being spread in clinics and hospitals. Research priorities include improved and point-of-care TB diagnostics; TB treatment and prevention during HIV infection, drug-resistant TB, and childhood TB; and optimization of TB and HIV program integration. With new TB diagnostics and drugs reaching approval, research must focus on effectively deploying these advancements. Research must include evaluations of individual, household, health care, and community approaches. Studies must apply implementation science to determine how to increase and adapt effective interventions to reduce TB burden in the context of HIV infection. Investment in this research will improve the lives of persons infected with HIV and contribute to efforts to reduce the global TB burden.
authors.affiliation: HIV/AIDS Division, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, USA. gabriel.chamie@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chamie
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luetkemeyer
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Charlebois
authors.forename: Diane V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Havlir
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000639:trends*; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods; D003906:Developing Countries; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
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