title: Update on anesthesia considerations for electroconvulsive therapy.
abstract: Depression is diagnosed in 14 million Americans every year, and pharmacotherapy is the standard treatment. However, in approximately 50% of patients, pharmacology intervention does not resolve depression. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been a mainstay as a treatment option for treatment-resistant major depression since its inception in the 1930s. It has also been shown to be effective in treatment-resistant mania and catatonic schizophrenia. The complication rate of ECT has improved from 50% in the 1960's to almost anecdotal adverse events, similar to the morbidity and mortality seen in minor surgery and childbirth. Although anesthetic agents are administered briefly, many patients experience significant fluctuations in physiologic parameters. The clinical anesthesiologist must be aware of these changes as well as have an understanding of perioperative pharmacological interventions. ECT is a proven therapy for select psychiatric patients, and appropriate anesthesia is a critical part of successful ECT. Careful review of the patient's medical history may reveal pertinent anesthetic considerations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Cody
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baluch
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frost
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019990:Perioperative Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics