title: Regional anaesthesia practice for total knee arthroplasty: French national survey - 2008.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Improved pain management techniques and rehabilitation programs have significantly modified outcome for total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the survey was to describe the French practice patterns in regional anaesthesia for TKA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-item questionnaires were distributed to units with significant orthopaedic activity across France. The content referred to the type of orthopaedic activity; anaesthetic and analgesic management; preoperative patient information; technical aspects describing regional anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response rate was 54%. Combined general anaesthesia and perineural catheter was the most frequently used anaesthetic technique. Most of respondents used multimodal analgesia (including femoral nerve catheter by 80%). Written hygiene protocols were rarely available. Sterile gowns were seldom worn. Among antiseptic agents, povidone iodine was most often used. Sedative agents were systematically used by 36% of respondents. Ropivacaine was the preferred local anaesthetic agent. Finally, adjuvants were rarely used. In most cases (58%) the femoral block was performed before induction of general anaesthesia. The catheter was commonly threaded to a length between 5 and 8 cm. The correct position of the catheter tip was verified clinically by majority of respondents. Local anaesthetics were administered by continuous infusion, continuous infusion plus boluses and boluses alone in 44, 36 and 8% of cases. Catheter duration was 48 and 72 h in 45 and 33% of the units and was independent of pain scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This national survey showed practices in accordance with recent guidelines as well as persistent challenges in regional anaesthesia for TKA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care, Central Hospital, Nancy, France. h.bouaziz@chu-nancy.fr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bouaziz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bondàr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jochum
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fuzier
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Paqueron
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ripart
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Choquet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belbachir
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Estèbe
mesh_terms: D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires