title: Super-acute onset of tumor lysis syndrome accompanied by hypercytokinemia during treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma with ABVD chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a group of life-threatening metabolic complications that can occur after initiation of cancer chemotherapy. Onset of TLS in the middle of chemotherapy, however, has not been reported previously in patients with hematologic malignancies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report a case of a patient who experienced TLS of super-acute onset accompanied by hypercytokinemia during chemotherapy treatment with a combination of doxorubicin (Adriamycin), bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 36-year-old Japanese man (height, 182 cm; weight, 83 kg; body surface area, 2.04 m(2)) was admitted to the hospital for the treatment of malignant lymphoma (clinical stage IVB Hodgkin's lymphoma). Chemotherapy was initiated using the ABVD regimen (doxorubicin [Adriamycin] 25 mg/m(2) by 30-minute infusion, bleomycin 9 mg/m(2) by 30-minute infusion, vinblastine 6 mg/m(2) by bolus injection, and dacarbazine 375 mg/m(2) by 2-hour infusion). During the dacarbazine infusion, the patient's body temperature rose from 36.5 degrees C to 42 degrees C; he experienced a convulsion and then lost consciousness. The convulsion was not suppressed despite the use of diazepam (5 mg IV twice) and phenytoin (500 mg IV). The patient was then transferred to the intensive care unit and sedated using a continuous infusion of midazolam (10 mg/h). Levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine evaluated shortly after the ABVD regimen were outside normal limits. In addition, interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were elevated to 54,220 pg/mL. Continuous hemodiafiltration was immediately performed to lower the elevated levels of IL-6. The next day, IL-6 concentrations decreased to 97 pg/mL, and the patient was weaned from ventilator support and sedation. The patient had no adverse effects after the event. According to the results of an assessment using the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale (score = 3), the development of TLS in this patient was possibly related to the chemotherapy regimen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ABVD chemotherapy was possibly associated with the super-acute onset of TLS in this patient. In addition, hypercytokinemia occurred with TLS, which led to pyrexia, convulsion, and loss of consciousness.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan. takaakis@ho.chiba-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Daijiro
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nakaseko
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakasa
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Noritaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ariyoshi
authors.forename: Mitsukazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitada
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D003294:Seizures, Febrile / Q000139:chemically induced; D015275:Tumor Lysis Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014474:Unconsciousness / Q000139:chemically induced; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D001761:Bleomycin; D014747:Vinblastine; D003606:Dacarbazine; D004317:Doxorubicin