Stem cells as vectors for antitumour therapy.
Recent research suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to migrate specifically to tumours and their metastases throughout the body. This has led to considerable excitement about the possibility of modifying these cells to express anticancer molecules and using them as specific targeted anticancer agents. However, there are concerns that systemically delivered MSCs may have non-desirable effects, and there are also many unanswered questions including the mechanism of tumour homing. This review investigates the different MSC-delivered anticancer agents, addresses the questions and concerns, and tries to place this potential therapy in future cancer management.
Loebinger
Michael R
MR
Centre For Respiratory Research, Rayne Institute, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK.
Janes
Sam M
SM
D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*
Leukemia. 2007 Feb;21(2):304-10
17170725
J Gene Med. 2006 Mar;8(3):253-64
16288493
Stem Cells Dev. 2007 Feb;16(1):119-29
17348810
N Engl J Med. 2006 Sep 21;355(12):1199-209
16990383
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2008 Mar;29(3):333-40
18298898
Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008 Jul 15;5(5):637-67
18625757
Exp Hematol. 2004 May;32(5):414-25
15145209
Gene Ther. 2008 May;15(10):730-8
18401438
Cytotherapy. 2005;7(6):509-19
16306013
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007 Oct;105(2):157-67
17221158
Cancer Res. 2008 Dec 1;68(23):9614-23
19047138
Apoptosis. 2007 Aug;12(8):1533-41
17520194
Stem Cells. 2007 Jul;25(7):1618-26
17412895
Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1568-71
15567866
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 24;106(12):4822-7
19264968
Cancer Res. 2009 May 15;69(10):4134-42
19435900
J Exp Med. 2006 May 15;203(5):1235-47
16636132
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2005 Aug;33(2):145-52
15891110
J Cell Physiol. 2007 Apr;211(1):27-35
17226788
J Clin Invest. 2004 Aug;114(3):438-46
15286810
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2007 Sep;37(3):291-9
17463394
Cell. 2005 May 6;121(3):335-48
15882617
Mol Ther. 2008 Mar;16(3):571-9
18253156
Gene Ther. 2004 Jul;11(14):1155-64
15141157
Cancer Res. 2004 Dec 1;64(23):8492-5
15574751
Panminerva Med. 2009 Mar;51(1):5-16
19352305
Stem Cells. 2007 Jun;25(6):1586-94
17363552
Blood. 2006 Dec 1;108(12):3938-44
16896152
J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 1;280(13):12486-93
15615731
Hematol Oncol. 2006 Sep;24(3):151-8
16700092
J Clin Oncol. 2000 Jan;18(2):307-16
10637244
J Biol Chem. 1996 May 31;271(22):12687-90
8663110
Cancer Gene Ther. 2007 Nov;14(11):894-903
17693990
Cytotherapy. 2009;11(3):289-98, 1 p following 298
19308770
Hum Gene Ther. 2007 Jul;18(7):627-41
17604566
Cancer Res. 2005 Apr 15;65(8):3035-9
15833829
Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Jun 1;14(11):3450-5
18519776
N Engl J Med. 1986 Dec 25;315(26):1650-9
3537791
Transplantation. 2006 Oct 27;82(8):1060-6
17060855
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Nov 3;96(21):1593-603
15523088
Stem Cells. 2007 Nov;25(11):2739-49
17656645
Haematologica. 2007 Apr;92(4):440-9
17488654
Mol Ther. 2001 Jun;3(6):857-66
11407899
Stem Cells. 2007 Jul;25(7):1737-45
17395768
Nature. 1993 Oct 14;365(6447):654-7
8413628
Prostate. 2004 Sep 15;61(1):35-49
15287092
Cancer Res. 2007 Dec 15;67(24):11687-95
18089798
Int J Cancer. 2008 Nov 1;123(9):1991-2006
18712708
Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2007 Oct;7(10):1463-72
17944570
Stem Cells. 2008 Sep;26(9):2332-8
18617688
Cancer Res. 2005 Apr 15;65(8):3307-18
15833864
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009 Nov 1;75(3):843-53
18849123
Stem Cells. 2006 Apr;24(4):896-907
16339997
Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Apr;55(4):663-7
10357234
Blood. 2007 Jan 1;109(1):228-34
16985180
Mol Cancer. 2007 Oct 22;6:66
17953743
Cancer Lett. 2008 Sep 28;269(1):67-77
18571836
J Gene Med. 2008 Oct;10(10):1071-82
18671316
Exp Mol Pathol. 2006 Jun;80(3):267-74
16214129
Lancet. 2008 May 10;371(9624):1579-86
18468541
Carcinogenesis. 2006 Dec;27(12):2434-41
16854952
Nature. 2007 Oct 4;449(7162):557-63
17914389
Cancer Res. 2002 Jul 1;62(13):3603-8
12097260
Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008 Dec;7(12):1001-12
18989337
Cytotherapy. 2006;8(4):315-7
16923606
Mol Biol Cell. 2007 Aug;18(8):2873-82
17507648
Stem Cells. 2003;21(3):337-47
12743328
Stem Cells Dev. 2005 Jun;14(3):329-36
15969628
Blood. 2005 Jul 15;106(2):419-27
15784733
Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Sep 1;13(17):5020-7
17785552
Nat Rev Cancer. 2008 Oct;8(10):782-98
18813321
Blood. 2006 Jan 1;107(1):367-72
16141348
Nat Immunol. 2005 Dec;6(12):1182-90
16369557
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jul 8;100(14):8407-11
12815096
Stem Cells. 2004;22(3):415-27
15153618
Stem Cells. 2007 Feb;25(2):520-8
17053212
Transplantation. 2007 Jan 15;83(1):71-6
17220794
Cancer Res. 2007 Jul 1;67(13):6304-13
17616689
Blood. 2005 Apr 1;105(7):2821-7
15591115
BMC Cancer. 2005 Jan 07;5:2
15638938
N Engl J Med. 2006 Sep 21;355(12):1210-21
16990384
Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2008 Oct;13(5):536-42
19060539
Lancet. 2008 May 10;371(9624):1553-4
18468526
Stem Cells. 2005;23(1):93-102
15625126
N Engl J Med. 2006 Sep 21;355(12):1222-32
16990385
Hum Gene Ther. 1999 May 1;10(7):1163-73
10340548
Mol Ther. 2008 Apr;16(4):749-56
18362930
Cancer Biol Ther. 2008 Feb;7(2):245-51
18059192
J Cell Biochem. 2007 May 1;101(1):135-46
17295203
Lung Cancer. 2008 Jul;61(1):82-90
18255187
Cell Stem Cell. 2009 Mar 6;4(3):206-16
19265660
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Sep 12;309(1):232-40
12943687
Leukemia. 2003 Jan;17(1):160-70
12529674
Blood. 2003 Nov 15;102(10):3837-44
12881305
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jun 25;99(13):8932-7
12084934
Cancer Res. 2007 Oct 1;67(19):9142-9
17909019
Clin Exp Med. 2003 Nov;3(3):140-9
14648228
Prostate. 2005 Feb 1;62(2):165-86
15389801
Immunity. 1995 Dec;3(6):673-82
8777713
Stem Cells. 2006 Apr;24(4):1030-41
16253981
Stem Cells. 2007 Aug;25(8):1881-7
17478582
FASEB J. 2007 Nov;21(13):3763-70
17586727
J Gene Med. 2009 May;11(5):373-81
19274675
Gene Ther. 2008 Nov;15(21):1446-53
18596829
CA Cancer J Clin. 2007 Jan-Feb;57(1):43-66
17237035
Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 Mar;5(3):755-66
16546991