title: Human bocavirus species 2 and 3 in Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The newly described human bocavirus (HBoV) species 2 and 3 have been repeatedly detected in stool strengthening the possibility that these viruses might present a tropism for the gastrointestinal tract and may be etiological agents of diarrhea.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study we assessed the presence of HBoV2 and HBoV3 in stool specimens from Brazilians with acute gastroenteritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stool samples from Brazilian patients with acute diarrhea were analyzed for HBoV2 and HBoV3 by PCR assay. Full or partial genome sequences were obtained for selected isolates. Electron microscopy analysis was used to investigate virus morphology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of virus-like particles in HBoV PCR-positive specimens, with morphology similar to other members of the Parvoviridae family. Five samples out of 807 (0.6%) were positive for HBoV3. Three of the HBoV3-positive patients were HIV/AIDS positive. A selected group of 144 samples was also tested for HBoV2 and 30 samples (20.8%) were positive, 11 of which were HIV/AIDS positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reports the detection and genetic characterization of HBoV3 and HBoV2 in the stool of Brazilian patients with acute diarrhea. This is the first description of HBoV3 outside Australia, suggesting a wide global distribution of this virus. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of HBoV in gastrointestinal infections, particularly among patients with HIV/AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil. nsantos@micro.ufrj.br
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Teresa C T
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Peret
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Humphrey
authors.forename: Maria Carolina M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.forename: Raquel Cirlene
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Fabrício José
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Benati
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Dean D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Erdman
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology*; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D056661:Human bocavirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D014771:Virion / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral