title: The anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin-4 are not mediated by suppressor of cytokine signalling-1 (SOCS1).
abstract: While it is known that the anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin (IL)-4 require new protein synthesis, the exact mechanisms by which IL-4 suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by human monocytes and macrophages is unclear. IL-4 rapidly induced suppressor of cytokine signalling-1 (SOCS1) mRNA and protein, which peaked at 60 min, much earlier than lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced SOCS1 mRNA and protein which were consistently maximal 4 hr post-exposure. SOCS1 is a molecule generally considered to be induced for negative feedback of inflammatory processes. We investigated whether the early induction of SOCS1 by IL-4 was responsible for the suppression of LPS-induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production by IL-4. IL-4 suppressed LPS-induced TNF-alpha in freshly isolated monocytes at the level of transcription but acted by a different, possibly translational, mechanism in monocytes cultured overnight in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Despite different modes of regulation by IL-4, the kinetics and magnitude of induction of SOCS1 mRNA and protein by IL-4 in the two cell types were identical. There was no significant difference in the suppression by IL-4 of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by bone-marrow derived macrophages from wild-type mice, Ifngamma(-/-) mice and mice lacking SOCS1 (Socs1(-/-)Ifngamma(-/-)). These data suggest that SOCS1 is not involved in the suppression of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by IL-4.
authors.affiliation: Inflammation Laboratory, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Eleanor A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: Cecilia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Prêle
authors.forename: Sandra E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Tatiana B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kolesnik
authors.forename: Prue H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma
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