title: Effect of compounds of Galla chinensis on remineralization of enamel surface in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of chemical compounds of Galla chinensis on in vitro the remineralization of enamel surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine enamel blocks with in vitro produced initial lesions were used. The lesions were subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 12 days. Each daily cycle included 4x1 min applications with one of four treatments: Group A: 1000 ppm F aq. (as NaF, positive control); Group B: deionized water (DDW, negative control); Group C: 4000 ppm crude aqueous extract of G. chinensis (GCE); Group D: 4000 ppm gallic acid. The enamel specimens were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray microdiffraction (XRD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The morphology of surface enamel was different in each group. The mineral composition was identified as similar to hydroxylapatite, but the crystallite sizes of enamel in different groups were significantly different. In addition, the Ca/P ratios were significantly lower in GCE group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GCE could affect the mineral ions deposit on the surface layer and then modified the remineralization of initial dental caries. The mechanism seems to be different between GCE and gallic acid.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Dental Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: JiYao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: YuQing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: XueDong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006244:Hardness / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016062:Porosity; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013499:Surface Properties; D017001:Tooth Demineralization; D014089:Tooth Remineralization; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014867:Water; D005707:Gallic Acid; D012969:Sodium Fluoride