title: Mortality trends and disparities among racial/ethnic and sex subgroups in New York City, 1990 to 2000.
abstract: New York City census data for 1990 and 2000 for all-cause and disease-specific mortality adjusted by age were examined by race/ethnicity. Primary cause of death was coded as HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, or cancer. For White, Black, Hispanic and Asian groups, relative mortality ratios (RMR) were derived for 2000 relative to 1990. Ratios of RMR's for minority groups were derived relative to Whites. From 1990 to 2000, HIV, cancer, CVD, CHD, AMI, and stroke-related mortality decreased. Decreases in HIV-related mortality were notably less for minority males. Diabetes mortality rates rose dramatically, with Hispanic and Asian males having notably greater increases than White males. Increases in mortality among Asians exceeded those of other groups, and appear to correspond with increased immigration/acculturation. Mortality shifts among different diseases and racial groups should alert public health officials to consider immigration patterns in designing, implementing, and evaluating interventions to prevent disease-related mortality, with a goal to eliminate disparities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. kfreeman@montefiore.org
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zonszein
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Arthur E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Blank
authors.forename: Alvin H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Strelnick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000639:trends*; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology
references.citation: J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2004 May;15(2):267-80
references.pmid: 15253378
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006 Dec;60(12):1060-4
references.pmid: 17108302
references.citation: Int J Epidemiol. 2009 Apr;38(2):499-509
references.pmid: 18835869
references.citation: Circulation. 1993 Jan;87(1):152-61
references.pmid: 8419002
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2009 Jan;32(1):57-62
references.pmid: 19114627
references.citation: Diabetes. 2006 Mar;55(3):768-73
references.pmid: 16505241
references.citation: JAMA. 2002 Oct 9;288(14):1723-7
references.pmid: 12365955
references.citation: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994 Apr 29;43(16):288-9
references.pmid: 8159154
references.citation: Ethn Dis. 1997 Winter;7(1):55-64
references.pmid: 9253556
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Nov;88(5):1206-12
references.pmid: 18996854
references.citation: Cardiol Rev. 2006 Mar-Apr;14(2):74-80
references.pmid: 16493244
references.citation: JAMA. 2001 Sep 12;286(10):1195-200
references.pmid: 11559264
references.citation: Prog Community Health Partnersh. 2007 Summer;1(2):195-205
references.pmid: 19081761
references.citation: JAMA. 2002 Oct 9;288(14):1728-32
references.pmid: 12365956
references.citation: J Urban Health. 2000 Sep;77(3):492-500
references.pmid: 10976620
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2005 Sep;95(9):1536-9
references.pmid: 16051928
references.citation: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002 May 1;30(1):111-8
references.pmid: 12048371
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2000 Sep;23(9):1278-83
references.pmid: 10977060
references.citation: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 May 12;55(18):505-9
references.pmid: 16691180
references.citation: Am Heart J. 2004 May;147(5):841-6
references.pmid: 15131540
references.citation: Int J Epidemiol. 1989 Dec;18(4):808-17
references.pmid: 2621016
references.citation: Adv Data. 2008 Jan 22;(394):1-22
references.pmid: 18271366
references.citation: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Sep 5;52(35):833-7
references.pmid: 12966357
references.citation: Public Health Rep. 1995 Sep-Oct;110(5):572-9; discussion 570-2
references.pmid: 7480611
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 17;352(11):1138-45
references.pmid: 15784668
references.citation: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Jun 27;57(25):681-6
references.pmid: 18583954
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2002 Nov;92(11):1768-72
references.pmid: 12406806
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2008 Feb;98(2):216-21
references.pmid: 18172133
references.citation: Health Aff (Millwood). 2008 Mar-Apr;27(2):350-60
references.pmid: 18332489