title: Microbial degradation of 17beta -estradiol and 17alpha -ethinylestradiol followed by a validated HPLC-DAD method.
abstract: This work aimed at studying the biodegradation of two estrogens, 17alpha -estradiol (E2) and 17beta -ethinylestradiol (EE2), and their potential metabolism to estrone (E1) by microbial consortia. The biodegradation studies were followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) using a specifically developed and validated method. Biodegradation studies of the estrogens (E2 and EE2) were carried out with activated sludge (consortium A, CA) obtained from a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and with a microbial consortium able to degrade recalcitrant compounds, namely fluorobenzene (consortium B, CB). E2 was more extensively degraded than EE2 by CA whereas CB was only able to degrade E2. The addition of acetate as a supplementary carbon source led to a faster biodegradation of E2 and EE2. E1 was detected as a metabolite only during the degradation of E2. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses of strains recovered from the degrading cultures revealed the presence of the genera Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium and Alcaligenes. The genera Pseudomonas and Chryseobacterium were retrieved from cultures supplied with E2 and EE2, while the genus Alcaligenes was found in the presence of E2, suggesting that they might be involved in the degradation of these compounds.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde-Norte, Gandra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Maria F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Carlos M M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Afonso
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Tiritan
authors.forename: Paula M L
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Castro
mesh_terms: D000421:Alcaligenes / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D045247:Chryseobacterium / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D004970:Estrone / Q000378:metabolism; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D016946:Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci / Q000378:metabolism*; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D045249:Sphingobacterium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D012722:Sewage; D004970:Estrone; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D004958:Estradiol