title: Immigration, work and health in Spain: the influence of legal status and employment contract on reported health indicators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the relationship of legal status and employment conditions with health indicators in foreign-born and Spanish-born workers in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of 1,849 foreign-born and 509 Spanish-born workers (2008-2009, ITSAL Project). Considered employment conditions: permanent, temporary and no contract (foreign-born and Spanish-born); considered legal statuses: documented and undocumented (foreign-born). Joint relationships with self-rated health (SRH) and mental health (MH) were analyzed via logistical regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with male permanently contracted Spanish-born workers, worse health is seen in undocumented foreign-born, time in Spain ≤3 years (SRH aOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.09-6.56; MH aOR 2.26, 95% CI 1.15-4.42); in Spanish-born, temporary contracts (SRH aOR 2.40, 95% CI 1.04-5.53); and in foreign-born, temporary contracts, time in Spain >3 years (MH: aOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.13-3.38). In females, highest self-rated health risks are in foreign-born, temporary contracts (aOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.13-4.91) and without contracts, time in Spain >3 years (aOR 4.63, 95% CI 1.95-10.97).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contract type is a health determinant in both foreign-born and Spanish-born workers. This study offers an uncommon exploration of undocumented migration and raises methodological issues to consider in future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. epsousa@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agudelo-Suárez
authors.forename: Fernando G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Benavides
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schenker
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benach
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delclos
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: López-Jacob
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Frutos
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ronda-Pérez
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Porthé
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D016017:Odds Ratio; D057566:Self Report; D013030:Spain; D014171:Transients and Migrants
references.citation: Emerg Themes Epidemiol. 2006 May 04;3:3
references.pmid: 16674820
references.citation: J Health Soc Behav. 1997 Mar;38(1):21-37
references.pmid: 9097506
references.citation: Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2008 Mar-Apr;82(2):179-87
references.pmid: 18496622
references.citation: Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2002;15(4):353-62
references.pmid: 12608623
references.citation: Psychol Med. 1997 Jan;27(1):191-7
references.pmid: 9122299
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2005 Mar;60(6):1359-70
references.pmid: 15626530
references.citation: Gac Sanit. 2008 Sep-Oct;22(5):404-12
references.pmid: 19000520
references.citation: Am J Ind Med. 2010 Apr;53(4):405-16
references.pmid: 19479889
references.citation: J Immigr Health. 2004 Jul;6(3):103-18
references.pmid: 15269514
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009 Nov;63(11):936-42
references.pmid: 19482840
references.citation: Can J Public Health. 2007 Sep-Oct;98(5):369-73
references.pmid: 17985677
references.citation: Annu Rev Public Health. 2004;25:357-76
references.pmid: 15015925
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2009 May;68(10):1866-74
references.pmid: 19328608
references.citation: Int J Epidemiol. 2005 Jun;34(3):610-22
references.pmid: 15737968
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008 May;62(5):e7
references.pmid: 18431832
references.citation: Gac Sanit. 2009 Mar-Apr;23(2):91-7
references.pmid: 19442861