title: Application of cerium chloride to improve the acid resistance of dentine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of cerium chloride, cerium chloride/fluoride and fluoride application on calcium release during erosion of treated dentine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty dentine samples were prepared from human premolars and randomly assigned to four groups (1-4). Samples were treated twice a day for 5 days, 30s each, with the following solutions: group 1 placebo, group 2 fluoride (Elmex fluid), group 3 cerium chloride and group 4 combined fluoride and cerium chloride. For the determination of acid resistance, the samples were consecutively eroded six times for 5 min with lactic acid (pH 3.0) and the calcium release in the acid was determined. Furthermore, six additional samples per group were prepared and used for EDS analysis. SEM pictures of these samples of each group were also captured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples of group 1 presented the highest calcium release when compared with the samples of groups 2-4. The highest acid resistance was observed for group 2. Calcium release in group 3 was similar to that of group 4 for the first two erosive attacks, after which calcium release in group 4 was lower than that of group 3. Generally, the SEM pictures showed a surface coating for groups 2-4. No deposits were observed in group 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although fluoride showed the best protective effect, cerium chloride was also able to reduce the acid susceptibility of dentine significantly, which merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. florian.wegehaupt@zzmk.uzh.ch
authors.forename: Florian J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Wegehaupt
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Attin
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schmidlin
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002563:Cerium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003959:Diamines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003959:Diamines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D002563:Cerium; D019344:Lactic Acid; C495399:Olaflur; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium; C026690:cerous chloride