title: A novel bioactive haemodialysis system using dissolved dihydrogen (H2) produced by water electrolysis: a clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic inflammation in haemodialysis (HD) patients indicates a poor prognosis. However, therapeutic approaches are limited. Hydrogen gas (H(2)) ameliorates oxidative and inflammatory injuries to organs in animal models. We developed an HD system using a dialysis solution with high levels of dissolved H(2) and examined the clinical effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dialysis solution with H(2) (average of 48 ppb) was produced by mixing dialysate concentrates and reverse osmosis water containing dissolved H(2) generated by a water electrolysis technique. Subjects comprised 21 stable patients on standard HD who were switched to the test HD for 6 months at three sessions a week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, no adverse clinical signs or symptoms were observed. A significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) before and after dialysis was observed during the study, and a significant number of patients achieved SBP <140 mmHg after HD (baseline, 21%; 6 months, 62%; P < 0.05). Changes in dialysis parameters were minimal, while significant decreases in levels of plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (P < 0.01) and myeloperoxidase (P < 0.05) were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding H(2) to haemodialysis solutions ameliorated inflammatory reactions and improved BP control. This system could offer a novel therapeutic option for control of uraemia.
authors.affiliation: Tohoku University Hospital, Department of Blood Purification, Sendai, Japan. mnakayama@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Noritomo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Itami
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Sadayoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004572:Electrolysis; D005260:Female; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions; D014867:Water; D006859:Hydrogen