title: Novel insights into the genomic basis of citrus canker based on the genome sequences of two strains of Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Citrus canker is a disease that has severe economic impact on the citrus industry worldwide. There are three types of canker, called A, B, and C. The three types have different phenotypes and affect different citrus species. The causative agent for type A is Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, whose genome sequence was made available in 2002. Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain B causes canker B and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain C causes canker C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have sequenced the genomes of strains B and C to draft status. We have compared their genomic content to X. citri subsp. citri and to other Xanthomonas genomes, with special emphasis on type III secreted effector repertoires. In addition to pthA, already known to be present in all three citrus canker strains, two additional effector genes, xopE3 and xopAI, are also present in all three strains and are both located on the same putative genomic island. These two effector genes, along with one other effector-like gene in the same region, are thus good candidates for being pathogenicity factors on citrus. Numerous gene content differences also exist between the three cankers strains, which can be correlated with their different virulence and host range. Particular attention was placed on the analysis of genes involved in biofilm formation and quorum sensing, type IV secretion, flagellum synthesis and motility, lipopolysacharide synthesis, and on the gene xacPNP, which codes for a natriuretic protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have uncovered numerous commonalities and differences in gene content between the genomes of the pathogenic agents causing citrus canker A, B, and C and other Xanthomonas genomes. Molecular genetics can now be employed to determine the role of these genes in plant-microbe interactions. The gained knowledge will be instrumental for improving citrus canker control.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Nalvo F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Potnis
authors.forename: Luciano A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Digiampietri
authors.forename: Said S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Adi
authors.forename: Julio C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bortolossi
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Aline M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Fabrício E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.forename: Julio C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Robson F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Agda P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Facincani
authors.forename: André L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: Luiz R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: Daniele F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Gimenez
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Elliot W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.forename: Marcelo L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Laia
authors.forename: Rui P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Milton Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodrigues Neto
authors.forename: Letícia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Nociti
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Eric H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ostroski
authors.forename: Haroldo A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Staskawicz
authors.forename: Renata I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Tezza
authors.forename: Jesus A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: Boris A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Vinatzer
authors.forename: João C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Setubal
mesh_terms: D016960:Agrobacterium tumefaciens / Q000235:genetics; D018441:Biofilms; D002957:Citrus / Q000382:microbiology*; D005407:Flagella / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D023281:Genomics; D005810:Multigene Family; D019081:O Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053038:Quorum Sensing / Q000235:genetics; D043368:Ralstonia solanacearum / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity; D014974:Xanthomonas / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019081:O Antigens; D010940:Plant Proteins
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2009 Jan;22(1):96-106
references.pmid: 19061406
references.citation: Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2004;42:385-414
references.pmid: 15283671
references.citation: Mol Gen Genet. 1991 May;226(3):409-17
references.pmid: 1645442
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2009 Jun;22(6):747-57
references.pmid: 19445599
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Mar 19;32(5):1792-7
references.pmid: 15034147
references.citation: Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2004;42:163-84
references.pmid: 15283664
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2007 Aug;20(8):934-43
references.pmid: 17722697
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2000 Apr;17(4):540-52
references.pmid: 10742046
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Nov 23;101(47):16624-9
references.pmid: 15545602
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2009 Jul;191(14):4534-45
references.pmid: 19429624
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003 Feb 14;219(1):39-45
references.pmid: 12594021
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2000 Sep;13(9):911-21
references.pmid: 10975648
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1997 Sep;10(7):803-11
references.pmid: 9304855
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Mar;73(5):1612-21
references.pmid: 17220258
references.citation: Mol Genet Genomics. 2001 Sep;266(1):79-95
references.pmid: 11589581
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Sep 11;98(19):10676-81
references.pmid: 11526207
references.citation: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2003 Nov;1(2):137-49
references.pmid: 15035043
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Jul;73(13):4379-84
references.pmid: 17468277
references.citation: Syst Appl Microbiol. 2006 Dec;29(8):690-5
references.pmid: 17183629
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2005 Apr;187(7):2315-25
references.pmid: 15774874
references.citation: Genome Biol. 2004;5(2):R12
references.pmid: 14759262
references.citation: Biodegradation. 2008 Nov;19(6):831-9
references.pmid: 18373236
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2005 Aug;18(8):856-68
references.pmid: 16134898
references.citation: Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Jun;222(1):157-60
references.pmid: 1700268
references.citation: Genome Res. 1998 Mar;8(3):195-202
references.pmid: 9521923
references.citation: Plant Dis. 2004 Nov;88(11):1179-1188
references.pmid: 30795311
references.citation: PLoS One. 2009;4(2):e4358
references.pmid: 19194503
references.citation: Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2010 Mar;60(Pt 3):515-525
references.pmid: 19654364
references.citation: Microbiology (Reading). 1999 Jan;145 ( Pt 1):197-209
references.pmid: 10206699
references.citation: Science. 2001 Dec 14;294(5550):2317-23
references.pmid: 11743193
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2005 Jun;18(6):546-54
references.pmid: 15986924
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2009 Jan;22(1):73-85
references.pmid: 19061404
references.citation: Nature. 2002 Jan 31;415(6871):497-502
references.pmid: 11823852
references.citation: Syst Appl Microbiol. 2008 Oct;31(5):366-77
references.pmid: 18783906
references.citation: BMC Bioinformatics. 2009 Jan 27;10:35
references.pmid: 19173744
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1992 May-Jun;5(3):204-13
references.pmid: 1421509
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 1999 Jan 15;27(2):573-80
references.pmid: 9862982
references.citation: PLoS One. 2009 Aug 14;4(8):e6632
references.pmid: 19680562
references.citation: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1999 Sep;63(3):523-53
references.pmid: 10477307
references.citation: Biol Met. 1991;4(1):41-7
references.pmid: 1649616
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2002 Mar;184(5):1340-8
references.pmid: 11844763
references.citation: Microbiol Res. 2006;161(2):145-9
references.pmid: 16427518
references.citation: OMICS. 2005 Summer;9(2):160-72
references.pmid: 15969648
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2004 Jan;186(2):543-55
references.pmid: 14702323
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2009 Apr;21(4):1305-23
references.pmid: 19366901
references.citation: Science. 2001 Dec 14;294(5550):2323-8
references.pmid: 11743194
references.citation: J Urol. 2007 Jan;177(1):365-8
references.pmid: 17162092
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2008 Aug;32(5):842-57
references.pmid: 18557946
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2001 Dec 15;29(24):5169-81
references.pmid: 11812851
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Jul 13;406(6792):151-9
references.pmid: 10910347
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2001 Sep;41(6):1271-81
references.pmid: 11580833
references.citation: BMC Microbiol. 2008 Jun 02;8:87
references.pmid: 18518965
references.citation: Plant J. 2005 Mar;41(6):801-14
references.pmid: 15743446
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Jan 26;33(2):577-86
references.pmid: 15673718
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2005 Aug;187(16):5560-7
references.pmid: 16077100
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2007 Apr;20(4):346-57
references.pmid: 17427805
references.citation: Phytopathology. 2010 Mar;100(3):208-15
references.pmid: 20128693
references.citation: Microbiology (Reading). 2002 Jun;148(Pt 6):1637-1653
references.pmid: 12055285
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2004 Nov;36(11):1165-73
references.pmid: 15467720
references.citation: Microbiology (Reading). 2000 Apr;146 ( Pt 4):885-891
references.pmid: 10784047
references.citation: Genome Res. 1998 Mar;8(3):186-94
references.pmid: 9521922
references.citation: Syst Appl Microbiol. 2005 Aug;28(6):494-518
references.pmid: 16104350
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2001 Jun;14(6):768-74
references.pmid: 11386372
references.citation: Genome Res. 2003 Sep;13(9):2178-89
references.pmid: 12952885
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 1998 Jul;29(1):165-77
references.pmid: 9701811
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2006 Sep 15;22(18):2196-203
references.pmid: 16837528
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Apr;73(8):2690-6
references.pmid: 17293518
references.citation: Gene. 2000 Jul 11;252(1-2):61-9
references.pmid: 10903438
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D281-8
references.pmid: 18039703
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2001 Sep 25;203(2):165-71
references.pmid: 11583843
references.citation: Biotechnol Bioeng. 2006 Jan 5;93(1):188-200
references.pmid: 16317765
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2000 Oct;13(10):1145-55
references.pmid: 11043476
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 15;190(4):783-92
references.pmid: 15272407
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Sep;74(17):5579-82
references.pmid: 18641157
references.citation: Microbiology (Reading). 2007 Mar;153(Pt 3):719-726
references.pmid: 17322192
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 1999 Nov;34(4):799-809
references.pmid: 10564519
references.citation: Genome Res. 2005 Jun;15(6):757-67
references.pmid: 15899963
references.citation: Infect Immun. 1989 Feb;57(2):303-13
references.pmid: 2563254
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1990 Oct;172(10):5795-802
references.pmid: 2170327
references.citation: Mol Plant Pathol. 2009 Nov;10(6):749-66
references.pmid: 19849782
references.citation: J Plant Physiol. 2006 Feb;163(3):233-55
references.pmid: 16386329
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2007 Oct;189(20):7507-10
references.pmid: 17693510
references.citation: Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 1999 Dec;82(3):175-83
references.pmid: 15304770
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Sep 1;25(17):3389-402
references.pmid: 9254694
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov 25;105(47):18631-6
references.pmid: 19015524
references.citation: BMC Microbiol. 2009 Jan 16;9:12
references.pmid: 19149882
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2006 Nov 1;22(21):2688-90
references.pmid: 16928733
references.citation: J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2009 Feb;19(2):113-20
references.pmid: 19307758
references.citation: Science. 1996 Jul 19;273(5273):367-70
references.pmid: 8662526
references.citation: OMICS. 2005 Spring;9(1):43-76
references.pmid: 15805778
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2006 Oct;2(10):e104
references.pmid: 17040127
references.citation: Mol Plant Pathol. 2003 May 1;4(3):141-57
references.pmid: 20569374
references.citation: Nature. 2002 May 23;417(6887):459-63
references.pmid: 12024217
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Mar;68(3):1257-64
references.pmid: 11872476
references.citation: Nature. 1990 Jul 26;346(6282):385-6
references.pmid: 2374611
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2007 Oct;20(10):1250-61
references.pmid: 17918627
references.citation: Plasmid. 2001 May;45(3):184-99
references.pmid: 11407914
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1998 Apr;180(7):1607-17
references.pmid: 9537354
references.citation: Mol Plant Pathol. 2009 Mar;10(2):249-62
references.pmid: 19236573
references.citation: Genome Res. 1998 Mar;8(3):175-85
references.pmid: 9521921
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2007 Jan;189(2):377-87
references.pmid: 17085551
references.citation: Microbiology (Reading). 2000 Sep;146 ( Pt 9):2229-2236
references.pmid: 10974110
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Sep;57(9):2724-30
references.pmid: 16348555
references.citation: Arch Microbiol. 1994;161(5):434-8
references.pmid: 8042907
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2007 Nov;189(22):8277-89
references.pmid: 17827286
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2005 Jan;18(1):33-42
references.pmid: 15672816
references.citation: Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2008 Apr;18(2):267-77
references.pmid: 18249533
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Feb 10;101(6):1737-42
references.pmid: 14755059
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Apr;60(4):1078-86
references.pmid: 7912499
references.citation: Curr Opin Microbiol. 2006 Apr;9(2):207-17
references.pmid: 16529981
references.citation: Mol Plant Pathol. 2004 Jan 1;5(1):1-15
references.pmid: 20565577
references.citation: Plant Dis. 2009 Oct;93(10):1074
references.pmid: 30754357