title: B cells as under-appreciated mediators of non-auto-immune inflammatory disease.
abstract: B lymphocytes play roles in many auto-immune diseases characterized by unresolved inflammation, and B cell ablation is proving to be a relatively safe, effective treatment for such diseases. B cells function, in part, as important sources of regulatory cytokines in auto-immune disease, but B cell cytokines also play roles in other non-auto-immune inflammatory diseases. B cell ablation may therefore benefit inflammatory disease patients in addition to its demonstrated efficacy in auto-immune disease. Current ablation drugs clear both pro- and anti-inflammatory B cell subsets, which may unexpectedly exacerbate some pathologies. This possibility argues that a more thorough understanding of B cell function in human inflammatory disease is required to safely harness the clinical promise of B cell ablation. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and periodontal disease (PD) are two inflammatory diseases characterized by little autoimmunity. These diseases are linked by coincident presentation and alterations in toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent B cell cytokine production, which may identify B cell ablation as a new therapy for co-affected individuals. Further analysis of the role B cells and B cell cytokines play in T2D, PD and other inflammatory diseases is required to justify testing B cell depletion therapies on a broader range of patients.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, L-516, Boston, MA 02118, USA. bnikol@bu.edu
authors.forename: Barbara S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Nikolajczyk
mesh_terms: D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
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