title: Determination of heterocyclic amines in urine samples by capillary liquid chromatography with evaporated light-scattering detection.
abstract: A rapid and simple method for separation and detection of six heterocyclic aromatic amines (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]-pyridine, 2-amino-1-methyl-imidazo [4,5-f]-quinoline, 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl-imidazo [4,5-f]-quinoxaline, 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethyl-imidazo [4,5-f]-quinoxaline, 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethyl-imidazo [4,5-f]-quinoxaline, and 2-amino-3,4-dimethyl-imidazo [4,5-f]-quinoline) in human urine samples is proposed to reflect daily intake and recent HAAs exposure. This method comprises previous clean-up and preconcentration of the analytes on Strata-X reversed phase extraction cartridges followed by capillary liquid chromatography (CLC) and evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD). A mobile phase of acetonitrile and ammonium acetate 35 mM at pH 5.15 through a gradient of composition and a flow rate of 15 microL min(-1) resulted in good separations of the analytes. Temperature and gas pressure were optimized for detection. The CLC-ELSD allows the separation and quantification of HAAs with good resolution, precision, and sensitivity. The usefulness of the proposed method was demonstrated by the analysis of synthetic and natural human urine samples spiked with different concentration levels of heterocyclic amines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela, 10, 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Andrés
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela, 10, 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain.|Albacete Science and Technology Park, 02006, Albacete, Spain.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zougagh
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela, 10, 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Gregorio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castañeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela, 10, 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain. angel.rios@uclm.es.|Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research, IRICA, 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain. angel.rios@uclm.es.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ríos
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000652:urine*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds