title: Correlations between coping styles and symptom expectation for whiplash injury.
abstract: In pain conditions, active coping has been found to be associated with less severe depression, increased activity level, and less functional impairment. Studies indicate that Canadians have a high expectation for chronic pain following whiplash injury. Expectation of recovery has been shown to predict recovery in whiplash victims. The objective of this study was to compare both the expectations and the coping style for whiplash injury in injury-naive subjects. The Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory was administered to university students. Subjects who had not yet experienced whiplash injury were given a vignette concerning a neck sprain (whiplash injury) in a motor vehicle collision and were asked to indicate how likely they were to have thoughts or behaviors indicated in the coping style questionnaire. Subjects also completed expectation questionnaires regarding whiplash injury. Subjects (57%) held an expectation of chronic pain after whiplash injury. The mean active coping style score was 28.5±6.6 (40 is the maximum score for active coping). The mean passive coping style score was 28.5±6.6 (50 is the maximum score for passive coping). Those with high passive coping styles had a higher mean expectation score. The correlation between passive coping style score and expectation score was 0.62, while the correlation between active coping style score and expectation was -0.48. Both expectations and coping styles may interact or be co-modifiers in the outcomes of whiplash injury in whiplash victims. Further studies of coping style as an etiologic factor in the chronic whiplash syndrome are needed.
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta Hospital, Room 2G2.06, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2B7. rferrari@shaw.ca
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Anthony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009333:Neck / Q000473:pathology; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013577:Syndrome; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*
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