The actin-cytoskeleton pathway and its potential role in inflammatory bowel disease-associated human colorectal cancer.
BACKGROUND
To improve our understanding of the various clinical phenotypes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) and provide potential targets for early diagnosis and future therapy, we sought to identify new candidate genes and molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis and progression of this disorder. Recent evidence has implicated the actin-cytoskeleton pathway in the development of metastatic sporadic CRC through cytoskeletal proteins such as fascin-1. We hereby propose that similar genetic polymorphisms and mutations among regulatory genes of the actin-cytoskeleton pathway may also be associated with increased dysplasia, carcinogenesis, and susceptibility for invasion and metastasis in IBD-associated CRC, as compared with sporadic CRC.


METHODS
To test this hypothesis, we identified three patients with IBD-associated CRC. We subsequently retrieved normal, dysplastic, and cancerous tissue from within the same surgical colonic specimen. Messenger RNA was subsequently isolated from fresh frozen tissue, and oligonucleotide arrays were carried out to identify genes that were differentially expressed between the three various tissue types (normal, dysplasia, and cancer). By utilizing the same specimen to obtain each of the three various tissue types, we excluded intersubject variability during the analysis. Finally, we performed bioinformatic interaction pathway analysis using the "Ingenuity Pathway Analysis" software.


RESULTS
Computerized pathway analysis revealed that the actin-cytoskeleton pathway was significantly dysregulated in the progression of normal cells, via dysplasia, to IBD-associated CRC (p < 0.05). Significantly up-regulated genes identified in the analysis included the fibroblast growth factor, Abelson interactor gene-2, profilin-2, and radixin genes. Conversely, the diaphanous homolog gene appeared to be significantly down-regulated.


CONCLUSIONS
Via the dysregulation of these five genes within the actin-cytoskeleton pathway, we propose that this molecular pathway provides a potential mechanism for the malignant transformation and progression of normal tissue, via dysplasia, to IBD-associated CRC.
Kanaan
Ziad
Z
Department of Surgery, Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
Qadan
Motaz
M
Eichenberger
Maurice Robert
MR
Galandiuk
Susan
S
D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000080865:Formins; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051304:Profilins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
C096831:ABI2 protein, human; D000199:Actins; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C108962:DIAPH1 protein, human; D000080865:Formins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051304:Profilins; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C071776:radixin
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