Substance use and facial injury.
Substance use is a major contributing factor to the interpersonal violence that accounts for a significant proportion of facial injuries among adults and adolescents; thus, violence is the main "pathway" through which substance use and injuries are linked. Beyond causality, substance use continues to influence recovery from the injury through its impact on the healing process (eg, patient noncompliance, suppression of T-cell counts, susceptibility to bacterial colonization, and protein production). Further exacerbating this issue are significant rates of injury recidivism and the lack of motivation to seek treatment for underlying substance-use problems. As a frontline care provider, the oral and maxillofacial surgeon has a responsibility to screen and refer patients for any needed specialty treatment (including substance-use treatment, violence reduction, and posttraumatic stress reduction). Recognizing and addressing these issues requires a paradigm shift that involves integration of multidisciplinary expertise.
Murphy
Debra A
DA
Health Risk Reduction Projects, Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 11075 Santa Monica Boulevard, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025-7539, USA. dmurphy@mednet.ucla.edu <dmurphy@mednet.ucla.edu>
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010348:Patient Care Team; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D014193:Trauma Centers; D014754:Violence; D055815:Young Adult
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2005 May;24(3):217-26
16096125
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990 Oct;19(5):268-71
2124596
J Hosp Med. 2007 Nov;2(6):372-7
18080338
J Trauma. 2009 Feb;66(2):477-84
19204524
Arch Surg. 1999 May;134(5):564-8
10323432
Ann Surg. 1999 Oct;230(4):473-80; discussion 480-3
10522717
J Pediatr Surg. 1990 Sep;25(9):944-8; discussion 948-9
2213445
J Stud Alcohol. 2003 May;64(3):350-7
12817823
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002 Dec;31(6):657-63
12521325
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007 Aug;65(8):1584-9
17656287
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004 Jun;62(6):685-8
15170278
JAMA. 1992 May 27;267(20):2756-9
1578594
J Trauma. 1989 Jul;29(7):940-6; discussion 946-7
2746704
JAMA. 1997 Apr 2;277(13):1039-45
9091691
Am Surg. 1998 May;64(5):461-5
9585786
Emerg Med J. 2008 Sep;25(9):565-8
18723703
J Stud Alcohol. 1982 Mar;43(3):273-88
7120998
Pediatrics. 2000 Feb;105(2):E27
10654987
Am J Crit Care. 1995 Sep;4(5):370-8
7489041
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004 May;28(5):746-53
15166649
Injury. 1997 Jun-Jul;28(5-6):369-72
9764235
Injury. 1990 May;21(3):139-41
2401543
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Oct;46(7):542-6
18687507
Addiction. 1993 Mar;88(3):315-35
8461850
Acad Emerg Med. 1995 Sep;2(9):817-25
7584769
Arch Surg. 1992 Jun;127(6):668-70
1596166
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002 Jun;156(6):607-14
12038895
Injury. 1994 Oct;25(8):523-5
7960070
Inj Prev. 2005 Aug;11(4):213-8
16081749
Dent Clin North Am. 2003 Jan;47(1):141-57, xi
12519011
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000 Jul;58(7):746-52; discussion 752-3
10883689
J Adolesc Health. 1992 Dec;13(8):663-7
1290765
Acad Emerg Med. 2000 Dec;7(12):1383-92
11099429
Arch Emerg Med. 1990 Sep;7(3):172-7
2152457
Addict Behav. 1993 May-Jun;18(3):347-53
8393611
Int J Oral Surg. 1977 Feb;6(1):3-11
402321
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002 Feb;26(2):272-9
11964568
J Gen Intern Med. 1997 May;12(5):274-83
9159696
J Stud Alcohol. 1995 May;56(3):267-71
7623463
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001 Jan;91(1):12-4
11174564
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009 Dec;67(12):2627-35
19925982
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009 Jan 1;99(1-3):280-95
18929451
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;62(6):629-40
15939840
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003 Jan;27(1):67-73
12544008
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998 Jul;86(1):31-5
9690242
J Trauma. 2003 Nov;55(5):849-56
14608155
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1996 Jan;66(1):17-31
8720638
J Trauma. 1999 Sep;47(3):568-71
10498317
J Trauma. 2003 May;54(5):990-4
12777915
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991 Dec;20(6):337-41
1770237
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1985 Feb;59(2):120-9
3856795
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990 Sep;48(9):926-32
2395044
Ann Emerg Med. 1993 Oct;22(10):1530-4
8214830
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003 Jun;61(6):713-8
12796884
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1998 Dec;36(6):408-15
9881781
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996 Apr;20(2):372-8
8730232
N Z Med J. 2008 Apr 04;121(1271):15-23
18392058
Psychosomatics. 1990 Fall;31(4):420-5
2247571
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009 Jul;47(5):374-7
19019508
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1992 Apr;21(2):77-9
1602163
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Oct;66(10):2028-34
18848098
J Can Dent Assoc. 2001 Dec;67(11):640-4
11841744
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993 Jan;51(1):22-5
8419570
Subst Abus. 2010 Jan;31(1):35-42
20391268
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000 Oct;38(5):417-21
11010766
Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2003 Sep;85(5):355-7
14594543
Am J Addict. 1997 Winter;6(1):38-47
9097870