title: The association between community crime and childhood asthma prevalence in Chicago.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little attention has been given to exposure to crime as a possible socioenvironmental contributor to variability in urban childhood asthma prevalence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association of violent crime, property crime, and drug abuse violations with childhood asthma prevalence in Chicago.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2003-2005, the Chicago Initiative to Raise Asthma Health Equity conducted an asthma screening survey of children in grades K to 8 attending Chicago public and Catholic schools. Crime data were obtained from the Chicago Police Department. In addition to simple regression analysis, multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of criminal activity on neighborhood asthma variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the surveys returned, 45,371 (93%) were geocoded into 247 neighborhoods. Neighborhoods were divided into quartile groups by mean asthma prevalence (9%, 12%, 17%, and 22%). Criminal activity (annual incidence per 100,000 people) was significantly higher (P < .001) in neighborhoods with a high asthma prevalence, especially drug abuse violations, which increased more than 6-fold (461 vs 2,921), and violent crimes, which increased more than 3-fold (448 vs 1,566). After adjusting for community race/ethnicity, only violent crime continued to be significantly associated with the neighborhood asthma prevalence (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.55, P < .05). When considered alongside sociodemographic and individual characteristics, violence continued to contribute significantly (P < .05), explaining 15% of neighborhood variation in childhood asthma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence suggests an association between violent crime and childhood asthma prevalence in Chicago. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this association may lend insight into potential interventions to address urban asthma.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Healthcare Studies, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ilinois, USA. rugupta@childrensmemorial.org
authors.forename: Ruchi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Xingyou
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Springston
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: Madeline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shalowitz
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: Kevin B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data