title: A cross-sectional study of sarcopenia in Japanese men and women: reference values and association with cardiovascular risk factors.
abstract: In this study of Japanese men and women, we determine reference values for sarcopenia and test the hypothesis that sarcopenia is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, independent of waist circumference. A total of 1,488 Japanese men and women aged 18-85 years participated in this study. Appendicular muscle mass (AMM) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Reference values for classes 1 and 2 sarcopenia (skeletal muscle index: AMM/height2, kg m-2) in each sex were defined as values one and two standard deviations below the sex-specific means of reference values obtained in this study from young adults aged 18-40 years. The reference values for class 1 and class 2 sarcopenia were 7.77 and 6.87 kg m-2 in men and 6.12 and 5.46 kg m-2 in women. In subjects both with class 1 and class 2 sarcopenia, body mass index and % body fat were significantly lower than in normal subjects. Despite whole-blood glycohaemoglobin A1c in men with class 1 sarcopenia was significantly higher than in normal subjects, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in women both with class 1 and class 2 sarcopenia were significantly higher than in normal subjects, using one-way ANCOVA with adjustment for the covariate of waist circumference. Although sarcopenia is associated with thin body mass, it is associated with more glycation of serum proteins in men and with greater arterial stiffness in women, independent of waist circumference.
authors.affiliation: College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan. ksanada@fc.ritsumei.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyachi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gando
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higuchi
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050154:Adiposity / Q000208:ethnology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
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