title: Atrial fibrillation management strategies and early mortality after myocardial infarction: results from the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction (VALIANT) Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) following a myocardial infarction (MI) remains uncertain. This study compared a rate control strategy to an anti-arrhythmic-based rhythm control strategy for the treatment of AF following myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 1131 patients with AF after MI who were enrolled in the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT). We classified patients into those treated with a rhythm control strategy (n=371) and those treated with a rate control strategy (n=760).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Cox models, we compared the two groups with respect to both death and stroke during two different time periods after randomisation for which data collection had been pre-specified: 0-45 days and 45-1096 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment, a rhythm control strategy was found to be associated with increased early mortality (0-45 days: HR: 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.0, p=0.004) but not late mortality (45-1096 days: HR 1.1, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.4, p=0.45). No difference was observed in the incidence of stroke (0-45 days: HR 1.2, 95% CI 0.4 to 3.7, p=0.73; 45-1096 days: HR 0.6, 95% CI 0.3 to 1.3, p=0.21).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with AF after an MI, an anti-arrhythmic drug-based rhythm control strategy is associated with excess 45-day mortality compared with a rate control strategy, but is not associated with increased mortality outside of the immediate peri-infarct period. These results potentially identify a patient population in whom the use of anti-arrhythmic drug therapy may portend an increased risk of death.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. kent.nilsson@duke.edu
authors.forename: Kent R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Sana M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Al-Khatib
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pieper
authors.forename: Harvey D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Aldo P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Maggioni
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kober
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Granger
authors.forename: Eldrin F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: John J V
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McMurray
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Califf
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Velazquez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents