title: Ubiquitin gets CARDed.
abstract: Ubiquitin-dependent processes are critical for propagating antiviral defense signals during viral infection. In this issue, Zeng et al. (2010) describe how viral RNA and unanchored ubiquitin chains conspire to promote activation of RIG-I and the host cell's antiviral transcriptional program.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: J Wade
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Harper