title: Hydrophobic surfactant proteins induce a phosphatidylethanolamine to form cubic phases.
abstract: The hydrophobic surfactant proteins SP-B and SP-C promote rapid adsorption of pulmonary surfactant to an air/water interface. Previous evidence suggests that they achieve this effect by facilitating the formation of a rate-limiting negatively curved stalk between the vesicular bilayer and the interface. To determine whether the proteins can alter the curvature of lipid leaflets, we used x-ray diffraction to investigate how the physiological mixture of these proteins affects structures formed by 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine, which by itself undergoes the lamellar-to-inverse hexagonal phase transition at 71 degrees C. In amounts as low as 0.03% (w:w) and at temperatures as low as 57 degrees C, the proteins induce formation of bicontinuous inverse cubic phases. The proteins produce a dose-related shift of diffracted intensity to the cubic phases, with minimal evidence of other structures above 0.1% and 62 degrees C, but no change in the lattice-constants of the lamellar or cubic phases. The induction of the bicontinuous cubic phases, in which the individual lipid leaflets have the same saddle-shaped curvature as the hypothetical stalk-intermediate, supports the proposed model of how the surfactant proteins promote adsorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: Mariya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chavarha
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khoojinian
authors.forename: Leonard E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Schulwitz
authors.forename: Samares C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: Shankar B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Rananavare
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D037701:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037721:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D037701:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein B; D037721:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C; C057561:1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine
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