title: Genome-wide gene expression analysis identifies K-ras as a regulator of alcohol intake.
abstract: Adaptations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) have been implicated in alcohol and drug addiction. To identify genes that may contribute to excessive drinking, here we performed microarray analyses in laser microdissected rat ACC after a single or repeated administration of an intoxicating dose of alcohol (3 g/kg). Expression of the small G protein K-ras was differentially regulated following both single and repeated alcohol administration. We also observed that voluntary alcohol intake in K-ras heterozygous null mice (K-ras(+/-)) did not increase after withdrawal from repeated cycles of intermittent ethanol vapor exposure, unlike in their wild-type littermates. To identify K-ras regulated pathways, we then profiled gene expression in the ACC of K-ras(+/-), heterozygous null mice for the K-ras negative regulator Nf1 (Nf1(+/-)) and wild-type mice following repeated administration of an intoxicating dose of alcohol. Pathway analysis showed that alcohol differentially affected various pathways in a K-ras dependent manner - some of which previously shown to be regulated by alcohol - including the insulin/PI3K pathway, the NF-kappaB, the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) pathway, the Jak/Stat and the adipokine signaling pathways. Altogether, the data implicate K-ras-regulated pathways in the regulation of excessive alcohol drinking after a history of dependence.
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Integrative Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Vez
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Repunte-Canonigo
authors.forename: Lena D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: van der Stap
authors.forename: Jihuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sabino
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Zorrilla
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Pietro Paolo
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Sanna
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016514:Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D011905:Genes, ras; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins
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