title: Association of maternal stature with offspring mortality, underweight, and stunting in low- to middle-income countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although maternal stature has been associated with offspring mortality and health, the extent to which this association is universal across developing countries is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between maternal stature and offspring mortality, underweight, stunting, and wasting in infancy and early childhood in 54 low- to middle-income countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of 109 Demographic and Health Surveys in 54 countries conducted between 1991 and 2008. Study population consisted of a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of children aged 0 to 59 months born to mothers aged 15 to 49 years. Sample sizes were 2,661,519 (mortality), 587,096 (underweight), 558,347 (stunting), and 568,609 (wasting) children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Likelihood of mortality, underweight, stunting, or wasting in children younger than 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean response rate across surveys in the mortality data set was 92.8%. In adjusted models, a 1-cm increase in maternal height was associated with a decreased risk of child mortality (absolute risk difference [ARD], 0.0014; relative risk [RR], 0.988; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.987-0.988), underweight (ARD, 0.0068; RR, 0.968; 95% CI, 0.968-0.969), stunting (ARD, 0.0126; RR, 0.968; 95% CI, 0.967-0.968), and wasting (ARD, 0.0005; RR, 0.994; 95% CI, 0.993-0.995). Absolute risk of dying among children born to the tallest mothers (> or = 160 cm) was 0.073 (95% CI, 0.072-0.074) and to those born to the shortest mothers (< 145 cm) was 0.128 (95% CI, 0.126-0.130). Country-specific decrease in the risk for child mortality associated with a 1-cm increase in maternal height varied between 0.978 and 1.011, with the decreased risk being statistically significant in 46 of 54 countries (85%) (alpha = .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among 54 low- to middle-income countries, maternal stature was inversely associated with offspring mortality, underweight, and stunting in infancy and childhood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozaltin
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Subramanian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D002657:Child Development; D046688:Child Mortality; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008875:Middle Aged; D013851:Thinness; D055815:Young Adult
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