title: Antagonism of 4-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates toward voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels Ca V 1.3 and Ca V 1.2.
abstract: L-type Ca(2+) channels in mammalian brain neurons have either a Ca(V)1.2 or Ca(V)1.3 pore-forming subunit. Recently, it was shown that Ca(V)1.3 Ca(2+) channels underlie autonomous pacemaking in adult dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and this reliance renders them sensitive to toxins used to create animal models of Parkinson's disease. Antagonism of these channels with the dihydropyridine antihypertensive drug isradipine diminishes the reliance on Ca(2+) and the sensitivity of these neurons to toxins, pointing to a potential neuroprotective strategy. However, for neuroprotection without an antihypertensive side effect, selective Ca(V)1.3 channel antagonists are required. In an attempt to identify potent and selective antagonists of Ca(V)1.3 channels, 124 dihydropyridines (4-substituted-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic diesters) were synthesized. The antagonism of heterologously expressed Ca(V)1.2 and Ca(V)1.3 channels was then tested using electrophysiological approaches and the FLIPR Calcium 4 assay. Despite the large diversity in substitution on the dihydropyridine scaffold, the most Ca(V)1.3 selectivity was only about twofold. These results support a highly similar dihydropyridine binding site at both Ca(V)1.2 and Ca(V)1.3 channels and suggests that other classes of compounds need to be identified for Ca(V)1.3 selectivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
authors.forename: Che-Chien
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Soosung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Xinyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Prativa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Sara Fernandez
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: Chi-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.forename: D James
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Surmeier
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C514350:CACNA1C protein, mouse; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids; D004095:Dihydropyridines; C093712:Cacna1d protein, rat; C038806:1,4-dihydropyridine; D009543:Nifedipine