title: Lifestyle, occupational, and reproductive factors and risk of colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lifestyle factors and environmental exposures might help explain the risk of colorectal carcinoma in countries where the incidence is low, but unique patterns of young onset and a high proportion of rectal cancer exist.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained detailed lifestyle information from 421 patients with colorectal cancer and 439 hospital-controls in Egypt. Logistic regression models were computed to evaluate the risk factors of colorectal carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A history of pesticide exposure and more frequently eating food directly from farms were significantly associated with a higher risk of colorectal carcinoma (odds ratio = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.1-5.9, and odds ratio = 4.6; 95% CI = 1.5-14.6, respectively). Parous women who reported 7 or more live births or breastfed for 19 months or longer per live birth had a significantly lower risk for colorectal carcinoma (odds ratio = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.2-0.7, and odds ratio = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.1-0.4, respectively). Compared with patients aged 40 years or older, industrial exposures were more common in younger patients (P = .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Agricultural and industrial exposures were associated with increased risk of colorectal carcinoma, whereas prolonged lactation and increased parity were inversely associated with colorectal carcinoma in women. Further research to elucidate the biological role of intense environmental and industrial exposures and reproductive factors including lactation may further clarify the etiology of colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. asoliman@umich.edu
authors.forename: An-Chi
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Amr S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.forename: Hussein M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Khaled
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aboelyazid
authors.forename: Joel K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Greenson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007774:Lactation; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D009790:Occupations; D010298:Parity; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides
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