title: Non-invasive continuous cerebral temperature monitoring in patients treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia: an observational pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if body temperature as measured with a prototype of a non-invasive continuous cerebral temperature sensor using the zero-heat-flow method to reflect the oesophageal temperature (core temperature) during mild therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  In patients over 18 years old with restoration of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest, a temperature sensor that uses the zero-heat-flow principle was placed on the forehead during the periods of cooling and re-warming. This temperature was compared to oesophageal temperature as the primary temperature-monitoring site. To assess agreement, we used the Bland-Altman approach and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From September 2008 to April 2009, data from 19 patients were analysed. The median time from restoration of spontaneous circulation until temperature sensor application was 53min (interquartile range, 31; 96). All sensors were removed when a core temperature of 36 degrees C was reached. These measurements were in agreement with oesophageal temperature measurements. No allergic reaction, rash or other irritation occurred on the skin around or under the probes. Bland-Altman results showed a bias of -0.12 degrees C and 95% limits of agreement of -0.59 and +0.36 degrees C. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was 0.98.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Body temperature measurements using a non-invasive continuous cerebral temperature sensor prototype that uses the zero-heat-flow method accurately reflected oesophageal temperature measurements during mild therapeutic hypothermia in patients with restoration of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20/6D, Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeiner
authors.forename: Jasper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klewer
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sterz
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haugk
authors.forename: Danica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krizanac
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Testori
authors.forename: Heidrun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Losert
authors.forename: Shervin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ayati
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019370:Observation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013821:Thermometers; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult