title: Evidence of the differential biotransformation and genotoxicity of ZnO and CeO2 nanoparticles on soybean (Glycine max) plants.
abstract: Concern and interest related to the effects of nanomaterials on living organisms are growing in both the scientific and public communities. Reports have described the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) on micro- and macro-organisms, including some plant species. Nevertheless, to the authors' knowledge there are no reports on the biotransformation of NPs by edible terrestrial plants. Here, shown for the first time, is evidence pertaining to the biotransformation of ZnO and CeO(2) NPs in plant seedlings. Although the NPs did not affect soybean germination, they produced a differential effect on plant growth and element uptake. By using synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy we obtained clear evidence of the presence of CeO(2) NPs in roots, whereas ZnO NPs were not present. Random amplified polymorphic DNA assay was applied to detect DNA damage and mutations caused by NPs. Results obtained from the exposure of soybean plants to CeO(2) NPs show the appearance of four new bands at 2000 mg L(-1) and three new bands at 4000 mg L(-1) treatment. In this study we demonstrated genotoxic effects from the exposure of soybean plants to CeO(2) NPs.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, The University of Texas, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
authors.forename: Martha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: López-Moreno
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de la Rosa
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hernández-Viezcas
authors.forename: Hiram
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Castillo-Michel
authors.forename: Cristian E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Botez
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Peralta-Videa
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gardea-Torresdey
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D018533:Biomass; D001711:Biotransformation; D002563:Cerium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D017931:DNA Primers; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D013025:Glycine max / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018744:DNA, Plant; D009153:Mutagens; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide; D015034:Zinc Oxide
references.citation: Mutat Res. 2009 Mar-Jun;681(2-3):241-258
references.pmid: 19041420
references.citation: Genetics. 1978 Jul;89(3):583-90
references.pmid: 17248844
references.citation: Genetika. 2007 May;43(5):668-74
references.pmid: 17633561
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Dec 15;41(24):8484-90
references.pmid: 18200883
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2009 Apr;157(4):1127-33
references.pmid: 19013699
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2007 Nov;150(2):243-50
references.pmid: 17374428
references.citation: Environ Toxicol Chem. 2009 Jun;28(6):1191-9
references.pmid: 19175296
references.citation: Biol Trace Elem Res. 2003 Dec;95(3):259-68
references.pmid: 14665731
references.citation: Anal Chim Acta. 2007 Apr 11;588(2):166-72
references.pmid: 17386806
references.citation: Plant Physiol Biochem. 2009 Jul;47(7):608-14
references.pmid: 19285423
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Jun 15;43(12):4537-46
references.pmid: 19603674
references.citation: Mutat Res. 2006 Sep 5;607(2):215-24
references.pmid: 16797222
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2009 May;75(7):850-7
references.pmid: 19264345
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2007 Jan;145(1):96-103
references.pmid: 16781805
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Mar 31;342(1):86-91
references.pmid: 16480682
references.citation: J Environ Sci (China). 2006;18(6):1147-51
references.pmid: 17294956
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2006 Nov;142(3):1127-47
references.pmid: 16998091
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2007 Mar;67(4):748-54
references.pmid: 17141294
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 2006 Oct 1;40(19):6151-6
references.pmid: 17051814
references.citation: Toxicology. 2008 Mar 12;245(1-2):90-100
references.pmid: 18243471
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2009 Aug;30(23-24):3891-914
references.pmid: 19427031
references.citation: Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2009 Jan 1;68(1):55-60
references.pmid: 18977643
references.citation: Nat Nanotechnol. 2009 Feb;4(2):95-8
references.pmid: 19197310
references.citation: J Synchrotron Radiat. 1998 Mar 1;5(Pt 2):118-22
references.pmid: 16687813
references.citation: Mutat Res. 2006 Nov-Dec;613(2-3):76-102
references.pmid: 16979375