title: Steroid hormone receptor association with prognostic markers in breast carcinoma in Northern Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine steroid hormone receptor expression and their association with histological prognostic markers and biological profile in female breast carcinoma in Northern Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional, observational.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from January 2004 to December 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female patients belonging to Northern Pakistan with primary operable breast carcinoma were included in the study. Patient's age, microscopic tumour size, tumour grade, lymph node status and biological profile for Her-2/neu status were evaluated. Immunohistochemical expression for ER and PR was determined individually and conjointly for ER+PR+ and ER-PR- while their association with above prognostic markers was determined using the c2 test for univariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 726 cases, there were 657 (90.4%) cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma with mean age of 48+/-12 years and mean tumour size of 4.2+/-2.3 cm. Tumour was grade-II in 65% and lymph node metastases in 71.5% cases with Her-2/neu+ in 28.1%. ER and PR expression was 74.6% and 68.3% respectively. Conjoint expression of ER+PR+ was 456 (62.8%), ER-PR- in 21.2%, ER+PR- in 86 (11.8%) and ER-PR+ in 30 (4.1%) cases. Individually, ER and PR showed positive association with age, lymph node metastasis, tumour grade and inverse association with Her-2/neu. Conjoint expression of ER+PR+ (62.8%) and ER-PR-(21.2%) showed positive association with age, tumour grade, lymph node metastasis and inverse association with Her-2/neu (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hormone receptor expression of ER and PR expression is comparable to the West with ER and PR showing inverse association with Her-2/neu and positive association with age, tumour grade and lymph node metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. ashrafof@gmail.com
authors.forename: Muhammad Ashraf
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sharif
authors.forename: Nadira
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mamoon
authors.forename: Sajid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mushtaq
authors.forename: Muhammad Tahir
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Khadim
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jamal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan; D011379:Prognosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone