title: Increasing long-term major vascular events and resource consumption in patients receiving off-pump coronary artery bypass: a single-center prospective observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite its widespread use and short-term efficacy, substantial uncertainty remains about the long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted of 6665 consecutive patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) at our institution during 1999 to 2006. All patients were followed up until September 30, 2008. Short- and long-term outcomes were compared between OPCAB and conventional CABG. The 2 main long-term outcome measures were repeat revascularization and the composite outcome of major vascular events. Cost comparison at 2 years in a propensity-matched sample during follow-up was also a study interest. The overall mean baseline age was 60.3+/-8.6 years, and 17.0% were women. Compared with conventional CABG, patients who underwent OPCAB had lower rates of atrial fibrillation (P=0.003) and requirements for blood transfusion (P=0.03) and ventilation time >24 hours (P<0.001). After an average of 4.5 years of follow-up, the rates of repeat revascularization (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.89) and major vascular events (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.39) were significantly higher in the OPCAB than the conventional CABG group. At 2 years, OPCAB was associated with increased additional direct costs per patient compared with conventional CABG and had a similar survival rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with conventional CABG, OPCAB is associated with small short-term gain but increased long-term risks of repeat revascularization and major vascular events, especially among high-risk patients. Moreover, OPCAB consumes more resources and is less cost-effective in the long run.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Surgery, Center for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. huss@vip.sohu.com
authors.forename: Shengshou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yunhu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hansong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000401:mortality; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006296:Health Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome