title: Distribution of human papillomavirus types in women from Valencia, Spain, with abnormal cytology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine human papillomavirus (HPV) types among cervical smears using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to contribute to the knowledge of human papillomavirus genotype distribution and prevalence of oncogenic types in cervical lesions in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consensus PCR and direct s quencing of PCR products (DNA HPV typing) were used in a retrospective study to determinate the type or types of HPVon 974 cytology smears of women with abnormal cytology results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 974 smears, 79.8% were high-risk (H-R) HPVs, 19.7% low-risk (L-R) HPVs, 4.6% indeterminate-risk (I-R) HPVs, considering both single and multiple infections. Multiple infections were detected in 4.7% of the cytologies. We detected 40 different HPV types: 17 H-R (HPV26 not detected), 10 L-R (HPVs 40 and HPV 61 not detected) and 13 I-R. The highest percentage of H-R HPV was found in those women with a cytologic high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (87.4%). HPV 16 was the most frequent genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significantly her prevalence rate of H-R HPV in HSIL than in low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) (p < 0.01). HPV 16 (39.5%) was the most frequent genotype, with a significantly higher prevalence rate of this type in HSIL than in LSIL and ASC-US (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). The study of the distribution of HPV and the presence of oncogenic HPV types in our population is important to assess the cost effectiveness of the current vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Spain. garcia_josgar@gva.es
authors.forename: José Angel
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Garcia-García
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez-Vallés
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martorell
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gómez-Cabrero
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calabuig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral