Targeting X chromosomes for repression.
Dosage compensation is a chromosome-wide regulatory process that balances X-chromosome gene expression between males and females that have different complements. Recent advances have clarified the molecular nature of the Caenorhabditis elegans sex-determination signal, which tallies X-chromosome number relative to the ploidy and controls both the choice of sexual fate and the process of dosage compensation. Dissecting the sex signal has revealed molecular mechanisms by which small quantitative differences in intracellular signals are translated into dramatically different developmental fates. Recent experiments have also revealed fundamental principles by which C. elegans dosage compensation proteins recognize and bind X chromosomes of XX embryos to reduce gene expression. Dosage compensation proteins function not only in a condensin complex specialized for regulating X-chromosome gene expression, but also in distinct condensin complexes that control other chromosome-wide processes: chromosome segregation and meiotic crossover recombination. The reshuffling of interchangeable molecular parts creates independent machines with similar architecture but distinct biological functions.
Meyer
Barbara J
BJ
HHMI and U.C. Berkeley, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Berkeley, CA 94720-3704, United States. bjmeyer@berkeley.edu <bjmeyer@berkeley.edu>
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D005260:Female; D050172:Genes, X-Linked / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000235:genetics; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*
D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; C108312:condensin complexes; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases
Genes Dev. 2008 Aug 15;22(16):2204-14
18708579
PLoS Genet. 2008 Dec;4(12):e1000302
19079572
Nature. 1997 Jul 10;388(6638):200-4
9217163
Genes Dev. 2002 Apr 1;16(7):796-805
11937488
Genes Dev. 2006 Apr 1;20(7):871-83
16547175
J Cell Biol. 2004 Nov 22;167(4):613-25
15557118
Dev Biol. 2007 Dec 1;312(1):367-83
17967446
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006 May;7(5):311-22
16633335
Genes Dev. 2009 Oct 1;23(19):2266-71
19797766
C R Hebd Seances Acad Sci. 1949 Mar 28;228(13):1161
18129689
Nature. 1998 Nov 12;396(6707):168-73
9823896
Cell. 1992 Mar 6;68(5):933-43
1547493
Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1800-4
10364546
Genes Dev. 2006 Apr 1;20(7):858-70
16547172
Genetics. 1994 Dec;138(4):1105-25
7896094
Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1182-5
14976312
Development. 1997 Mar;124(5):1019-31
9056777
Science. 1996 Dec 6;274(5293):1736-9
8939870
Cell. 1998 Jan 23;92(2):265-77
9458050
Genetics. 2005 Mar;169(3):1179-85
15795241
Mol Biol Cell. 2010 Jan 15;21(2):254-65
19910488
Cell. 1988 Oct 7;55(1):167-83
3167975
Genes Dev. 2002 Feb 15;16(4):399-414
11850403
Annu Rev Genet. 2008;42:733-72
18729722
Genetics. 1979 Oct;93(2):393-402
295035
Nature. 2006 Nov 30;444(7119):614-8
17122774
Nature. 2000 Jun 22;405(6789):970-3
10879541
Nat Cell Biol. 2006 Mar;8(3):293-9
16434960
Cell. 2009 Oct 2;139(1):73-86
19781752
WormBook. 2005 Jun 25;:1-14
18050416
Genes Dev. 2006 Aug 15;20(16):2223-37
16912274
Genes Dev. 2002 Mar 15;16(6):729-42
11914278
Curr Biol. 2009 Jan 13;19(1):9-19
19119011
Cell. 2008 May 30;133(5):813-28
18510926
Genes Dev. 2003 Apr 15;17(8):977-90
12672694
PLoS Biol. 2007 Dec;5(12):e332
18162044
Genes Dev. 2009 Mar 1;23(5):602-18
19270160
Cell. 1995 Jan 13;80(1):71-82
7813020
Chromosome Res. 2009;17(2):215-27
19308702
Cell. 2008 Aug 22;134(4):599-609
18724933
Genetics. 1993 Apr;133(4):875-96
8462848
Science. 2003 Nov 21;302(5649):1399-401
14631041
Genes Dev. 2006 Apr 1;20(7):848-57
16547173
Genetics. 2007 Nov;177(3):1639-54
17947428
Curr Biol. 2009 Nov 17;19(21):1777-87
19853451
Mol Cell. 2007 Oct 12;28(1):121-33
17936709
Genetics. 2003 Dec;165(4):2007-27
14704182
Genes Dev. 2008 Jan 15;22(2):194-211
18198337
Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1149-52
16424298
Annu Rev Genet. 1996;30:637-702
8982468
Dev Cell. 2005 Sep;9(3):339-49
16139225
Genetics. 2007 Nov;177(3):1621-37
17720939
Science. 1921 Sep 16;54(1394):252-4
17769897
Development. 2009 May;136(9):1399-410
19363150
Genes Dev. 2007 Aug 15;21(16):2030-40
17699750
Genetics. 1988 Aug;119(4):829-62
3137120
Genetics. 1994 Aug;137(4):999-1018
7982580
Cell. 1994 Nov 4;79(3):459-74
7954812
Genetics. 1999 Feb;151(2):617-31
9927456
Curr Biol. 1996 Feb 1;6(2):149-62
8673462
Science. 2008 Oct 31;322(5902):750-6
18974356
Genetics. 1989 Jul;122(3):579-93
2759421
Science. 1996 Dec 6;274(5293):1732-6
8939869
Nat Genet. 2007 Mar;39(3):403-8
17293863
Development. 2003 Dec;130(26):6519-32
14660541
Science. 2008 Nov 28;322(5906):1384-7
19039137
Science. 1991 Mar 1;251(4997):1071-4
1900130
Genes Dev. 1993 Sep;7(9):1688-702
8370520
Genetics. 1995 Dec;141(4):1451-71
8601486