title: Associations of energy intake and type 2 diabetes with hypertryglyceridemia in older adults living in the Mediterranean islands: the MEDIS study.
abstract: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the associations of bio-clinical, dietary, and other lifestyle characteristics with the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia among older individuals living in the Mediterranean islands. Information was collected for an extensive array of demographic, bio-clinical, and dietary characteristics, including serum lipids, body weight and height, and food group and nutrient information derived from a food frequency questionnaire. Serum lipid analyses showed that 37% and 35% of males and females, respectively, had elevated triglyceride (TG) levels. After adjustment for a variety of potential confounders, including age, gender, hypertension, physical activity, smoking, and energy consumption, individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) had a 112% higher likelihood of hypertriglyceridemia (95% CI 1.28-3.51). When reported energy intake was quantified in tertiles of consumption, those in the highest tertile (i.e., intakes > 1300 kcal) had a 156% higher (p < 0.01) likelihood of having hypertriglyceridemia compared to the lowest tertile (i.e., <1000 kcal). Analysis by gender showed that energy intake did not predict hypertriglyceridemia in females (p = 0.31) or in those who were normal weight (p = 0.16) or overweight (p = 0.96). However, in males (odds ratio per 1 kcal = 1.001, 95% CI 1.000-1.002) and obese participants (odds ratio per 1 kcal = 1.001, 95% CI 1.000-1.002), excess energy consumption was associated with elevated TG. In conclusion, we found that a considerable proportion of the older adults living in the Mediterranean islands and participating in this study had elevated TG levels. Furthermore, the energy intake and a finding of T2D were positively associated with occurrence of hypertriglyceridemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Science-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Stefanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tyrovolas
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pounis
authors.forename: Akis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeimbekis
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonopoulou
authors.forename: Vassiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bountziouka
authors.forename: Efthimios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gotsis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Metallinos
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polystipioti
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Polychronopoulos
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lionis
authors.forename: Demosthenes B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Panagiotakos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008521:Mediterranean Islands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides