title: The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz stimulates replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 harboring certain non-nucleoside resistance mutations.
abstract: We measured the effects of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor-resistant mutations K101E+G190S, on replication fitness and EFV-resistance of HIV(NL4-3). K101E+G190S reduced fitness in the absence of EFV and increased EFV resistance, compared to either single mutant. Unexpectedly, K101E+G190S also replicated more efficiently in the presence of EFV than in its absence. Addition of the nucleoside resistance mutations L74V or M41L+T215Y to K101E+G190S improved fitness and abolished EFV-dependent stimulation of replication. D10, a clinical RT backbone containing M41L+T215Y and K101E+G190S, also demonstrated EFV-dependent stimulation that was dependent on the presence of K101E. These studies demonstrate that non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors can stimulate replication of NNRTI-resistant HIV-1 and that nucleoside-resistant mutants can abolish this stimulation. The ability of EFV to stimulate NNRTI-resistant mutants may contribute to the selection of HIV-1 mutants in vivo. These studies have important implications regarding the treatment of HIV-1 with combination nucleoside and non-nucleoside therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Ave., University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bacheler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deriziotis
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Demeter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dykes
mesh_terms: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D012367:RNA, Viral; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; C098320:efavirenz
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