title: Antimicrobial peptide of an anti-lipopolysaccharide factor modulates of the inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells.
abstract: In this study, to clarify the protective mechanism of a peptide from shrimp anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) factor (SALF) against endotoxin shock, we evaluated the effects of the SALF and LPS on the production and release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alphain vitro using the RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Stimulation by LPS induced the production of inflammatory cytokines, and the SALF was able to modulate TNF-alpha production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Microarray studies revealed a transcriptional profile which was assessed in the presence or absence of the SALF by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Pretreatment with the SALF significantly downregulated the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB in the presence of LPS. In contrast, pretreatment with the SALF significantly elevated the expressions of Anp32a, CLU, and SLPI, which are considered to be immune-related genes in the presence of LPS. Inhibitor studies suggested that the SALF's modulation of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production involved a complex mechanism with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, calcium, and protein kinase C. The data from this study, which imply that the SALF can suppress TNF-alpha production, suggest a role for the SALF in the defense mechanism which can potentially be applied to mammals for endotoxin treatment.
authors.affiliation: Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Rd., Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Ching
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shih-Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shang-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ching-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Cho-Fat
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Jyh-Yih
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C520222:shrimp anti-lipopolysaccharide factor cyclic peptide (55-76)