Moving towards in situ tracheal regeneration: the bionic tissue engineered transplantation approach.
In June 2008, the world's first whole tissue-engineered organ - the windpipe - was successfully transplanted into a 31-year-old lady, and about 18 months following surgery she is leading a near normal life without immunosuppression. This outcome has been achieved by employing three groundbreaking technologies of regenerative medicine: (i) a donor trachea first decellularized using a detergent (without denaturing the collagenous matrix), (ii) the two main autologous tracheal cells, namely mesenchymal stem cell derived cartilage-like cells and epithelial respiratory cells and (iii) a specifically designed bioreactor that reseed, before implantation, the in vitro pre-expanded and pre-differentiated autologous cells on the desired surfaces of the decellularized matrix. Given the long-term safety, efficacy and efforts using such a conventional approach and the potential advantages of regenerative implants to make them available for anyone, we have investigated a novel alternative concept how to fully avoid in vitro cell replication, expansion and differentiation, use the human native site as micro-niche, potentiate the human body's site-specific response by adding boosting, permissive and recruitment impulses in full respect of sociological and regulatory prerequisites. This tissue-engineered approach and ongoing research in airway transplantation is reviewed and presented here.
Bader
Augustinus
A
Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Department of Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Techniques, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Macchiarini
Paolo
P
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012038:Regeneration; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014132:Trachea / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation
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