title: Development and application of a model to estimate wastewater treatment plant prescription pharmaceutical influent loadings and concentrations.
abstract: A mass balance model was developed to estimate prescription pharmaceutical loadings to municipal wastewater treatment plants via computation of influent concentrations (C(IN)). Model estimates of C(IN) were compared with published data and found to be accurate within an order of magnitude for some 90% of the drugs evaluated. The model was then used to rank prescription drugs on a per-capita mass loading basis for comparison with current research efforts and coupled with two EPISuite programs to generate estimates for environmental exposure. Results showed marked discrepancies between prescription numbers, loadings, exposures, and research conducted, as highlighted by the drug metformin, with the largest projected loading to treatment plants (>28 g per 1,000 people/day), yet only ranking 12th in terms of prescription numbers and no environmental research articles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, B228 Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4742, USA.
authors.forename: Karl J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ottmar
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Colosi
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D004345:Drug Industry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*; D012722:Sewage; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical