title: 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease through Inhibition of Microglial Activation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have demonstrated the molecular basis of the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)(1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)). This hormone improves behavioral deficits and normalizes the nigral dopamine levels in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied whether the administration of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) would protect against 6-hydroxydopa (6-OHDA)- and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neuronal injury, and its potential regulatory effect on microglia activation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) pretreatment significantly decreased 6-OHDA- and MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta by preventing the activation of microglia. This observed neuroprotective effect in MPTP-treated mice that were given 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) may be attributable to inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) is a potentially valuable neuroprotective agent; it may therefore be considered for the treatment of pathologic conditions of the central nervous system, such as PD, where inflammation-induced neurodegeneration occurs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joong-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sun-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Injin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Woo-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwang-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeong-Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yeong-In
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
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