title: Multiple expressions of lymphatic markers and morphological evolution of newly formed lymphatics in lymphangioma and lymph node lymphangiogenesis.
abstract: The rapid evolution of reliable technology combined with increasing number of specific markers for lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) facilitates the investigation of lymphangiogenesis in developing and diseased tissues. Here, we injected incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) peritoneally into BALB/c and nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice to induce lymphangioma and found atypical lymphatic accumulations with intervening fibrous tissue and lymphoid aggregates. Lymphatic markers, LYVE-1 and podoplanin, were used to specifically define the morphological features of the neoplastic lymphatics. The NOD mice (affected by an autoimmune disorder) had fewer and smaller lymphangiomas than the BALB/c mice. Injection of IFA in the footpad skin of the mice also disturbed draining regional lymph node lymphangiogenesis and caused enlargement of popliteal lymph nodes. Molecular analyses of the LECs indicated potential interventions for lymphangioma through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A/-C/-D and their receptors, VEGF receptors-2/-3, and Prox-1 signaling pathways. These findings represent an important link between multiple factors and lymphatic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan. JI@oita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Rui-Cheng
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Eshita
authors.forename: Lianping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004729:Endothelium, Lymphatic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015870:Gene Expression; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008202:Lymphangioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000098853:Podoplanin
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C490441:Pdpn protein, mouse; D000098853:Podoplanin; C492273:LYVE1 protein, mouse; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse