title: Actinidain-hydrolyzed type I collagen reveals a crucial amino acid sequence in fibril formation.
abstract: We investigated the ability of type I collagen telopeptides to bind neighboring collagen molecules, which is thought to be the initial event in fibrillogenesis. Limited hydrolysis by actinidain protease produced monomeric collagen, which consisted almost entirely of alpha1 and alpha2 chains. As seen with ultrahigh resolution scanning electron microscopy, actinidain-hydrolyzed collagen exhibited unique self-assembly, as if at an intermediate stage, and formed a novel suprastructure characterized by poor fibrillogenesis. Then, the N- and C-terminal sequences of chicken type I collagen hydrolyzed by actinidain or pepsin were determined by Edman degradation and de novo sequence analysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry, respectively. In the C-telopeptide region of the alpha1 chain, pepsin cleaved between Asp(1035) and Phe(1036), and actinidain between Gly(1032) and Gly(1033). Thus, the actinidain-hydrolyzed alpha1 chain is shorter at the C terminus by three residues, Gly(1033), Phe(1034), and Asp(1035). In the alpha2 chain, both proteases cleaved between Glu(1030) and Val(1031). We demonstrated that a synthetic nonapeptide mimicking the alpha1 C-terminal sequence including GFD weakly inhibited the self-assembly of pepsin-hydrolyzed collagen, whereas it remarkably accelerated that of actinidain-hydrolyzed collagen. We conclude that the specific GFD sequence of the C-telopeptide of the alpha1 chain plays a crucial role in stipulating collagen suprastructure and in subsequent fibril formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnological Science, Kinki University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan.
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kunii
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Kouhei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Ben'ichiro
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tonomura
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000737:chemistry*; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit; D006868:Hydrolysis; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D024042:Collagen Type I; D010455:Peptides; D003094:Collagen; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C018745:actinidain; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
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