title: Impaired information processing speed and attention allocation in multiple sclerosis patients versus controls: a high-density EEG study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The no-go P3a is a variant of the P300 event-related potential (ERP) that indexes speed of information processing and attention allocation. The aim of this study was to compare ERP findings with results from the paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT) and to quantify latency, amplitude and topographical differences in P3a ERP components between multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four subjects (20 relapsing remitting (RRMS) patients, 20 secondary progressive (SPMS) patients and 34 controls) completed a three-stimulus oddball paradigm (target, standard, and non-target). Subjects participated in separate visual and auditory tasks while data were recorded from 134 EEG channels. Latency differences were tested using an ANCOVA. Topographical differences were tested using statistical parametric mapping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual P3a amplitude correlated with PASAT score in all MS patients over frontal and parietal areas. There were significant differences in latency, amplitude, and topography between MS patients and controls in the visual condition. RRMS and SPMS patients differed in visual P3a latency and amplitude at frontal and parietal scalp regions. In the auditory condition, there were latency differences between MS patients and controls only over the parietal region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results demonstrate that information processing speed and attention allocation are impaired in MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Robert.whelan@tcd.ie
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lonergan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiiski
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinsella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tubridy
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Reilly
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000209:etiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300 / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*