The emerging modern face of mood disorders: a didactic editorial with a detailed presentation of data and definitions.
The present work represents a detailed description of our current understanding and knowledge of the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of mood disorders, their comorbidity and overlap, and the effect of variables such as gender and age. This review article is largely based on the 'Mood disorders' chapter of the Wikibooks Textbook of Psychiatry http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Textbook_of_Psychiatry/Mood_Disorders.
Fountoulakis
Konstantinos N
KN
Third Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. kfount@med.auth.gr
Eur J Pharmacol. 1989 Mar 21;162(2):371-3
2524399
Am J Psychiatry. 1994 Feb;151(2):199-204
8296889
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006 Sep;256(6):329-43
16783501
Popul Health Metr. 2005 Nov 15;3:11
16288648
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1991 Jul;84(1):1-5
1927557
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1995 Mar;183(3):172-6
7891064
Br J Psychiatry. 1981 Oct;139:288-92
7326537
Eur J Epidemiol. 2005;20(1):103-11
15756910
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1992;18(3):331-41
1357957
Biol Psychiatry. 1998 Aug 1;44(3):193-206
9693391
J Clin Psychiatry. 1997 Aug;58(8):355-60
9515974
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1994 Mar;182(3):145-50
8113774
Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1996 Jun;(30):123-8
8864158
Psychol Med. 2004 Jul;34(5):811-21
15500302
Neuroscience. 2009 Nov 24;164(1):331-43
19358880
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1994;377:50-8
8053367
Psychol Bull. 1994 May;115(3):424-43
8016286
J Clin Psychiatry. 2008 Feb;69(2):233-9
18232725
Can J Psychiatry. 2004 Dec;49(12):813-9
15679204
Br J Psychiatry. 1989 Nov;155:673-9
2611597
Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1990;(9):76-81
2291822
Can J Psychiatry. 2006 Feb;51(2):84-90
16989107
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998 Aug;55(8):694-700
9707379
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;20(1):17-22
17143077
Eur Psychiatry. 1999 Dec;14(8):426-33
10683628
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1975 Nov;32(11):1357-61
1200759
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997 Nov;36(11):1543-51
9394939
Bipolar Disord. 2007 Feb-Mar;9(1-2):103-13
17391354
Biol Psychiatry. 1998 May 15;43(10):705-12
9606523
Am J Psychiatry. 1994 Jul;151(7):979-86
8010383
Suicide Life Threat Behav. 1994 Spring;24(1):1-9
7515519
N Engl J Med. 1986 Sep 11;315(11):690-4
3748073
Pharmacopsychiatry. 1992 Jan;25(1):41-3
1579606
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 May;48(5):593-4
10811557
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1989 Feb;79(2):163-78
2784251
J Affect Disord. 2002 Feb;68(1):49-57
11869782
Br J Psychiatry. 2008 Jul;193(1):10-7
18700212
J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jul;68(7):1078-86
17685745
Int Psychogeriatr. 1995 Summer;7(2):287-300
8829434
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008 Jan;18(1):62-73
17662579
Int Psychogeriatr. 1989 Spring;1(1):5-15
2518789
J Clin Psychiatry. 2004 Aug;65(8):1049-56
15323588
Biol Psychiatry. 1976 Apr;11(2):159-74
183839
J Affect Disord. 2005 Feb;84(2-3):149-57
15708412
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Oct;72(5):767-75
15482035
CNS Drugs. 2003;17(7):491-511
12751919
Arch Intern Med. 1988 Sep;148(9):1929-36
3415405
Int Psychogeriatr. 1998 Jun;10(2):163-72
9677503
Br J Psychiatry. 1995 Mar;166(3):311-5, 319
7788121
J Pers Disord. 2004 Aug;18(4):394-8
15342325
Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Sep;164(9):1356-63
17728420
World J Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Apr;5(2):107-13
15179670
J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69 Suppl 4:4-8
18533762
Int Psychogeriatr. 1996 Spring;8(1):13-32
8805087
Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999 Jun;14 Suppl 3:S27-33
10468331
J Affect Disord. 2005 Feb;84(2-3):209-17
15708418
J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 May;68(5):789-95
17503991
Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2006 Jun 14;2:13
16774672
J Affect Disord. 1998 Sep;50(2-3):81-9
9858067
Brain Res. 1984 May 14;299(2):231-7
6610456
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004 Jul;110(1):64-8
15180781
Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Jun;159(6):909-16
12042175
J Abnorm Psychol. 1979 Apr;88(2):174-81
447900
Med Decis Making. 2004 Jul-Aug;24(4):351-8
15271273
N Engl J Med. 2008 Jan 3;358(1):55-68
18172175
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006 Jan;113(1):36-43
16390367
J Abnorm Psychol. 2007 Feb;116(1):198-207
17324030
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006 Dec;63(12):1358-67
17146010
J Affect Disord. 2007 Aug;101(1-3):123-9
17184844
Psychother Psychosom. 1982;37(4):235-40
7156308
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2007 Feb;61(1):3-19
17239033
Brain Res. 1979 Sep 28;174(1):71-9
487124
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1961;37(4):336-51
14455934
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004 Dec;110(6):452-8
15521830
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1972 Feb;26(2):130-2
5060398
Psychopharmacologia. 1963 Feb 22;4:1-14
14050408
Ann Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2003 Dec 16;2(1):11
14675492
Am J Psychiatry. 1985 Jul;142(7):817-21
4014503
J Abnorm Psychol. 2001 Nov;110(4):564-72
11727946
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997 Nov;185(11):655-63
9368540
Eur Psychiatry. 2002 Sep;17(5):241-53
12381493
Psychol Med. 2001 Apr;31(3):401-10
11305848
Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):386-9
12869766
Brain Res Rev. 2008 Nov;59(1):9-21
18539335
Prog Neurobiol. 1986;27(1):13-62
3526413
Am J Psychiatry. 1965 Nov;122(5):509-22
5319766
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995 May;34(5):591-8
7775354
Am J Psychiatry. 1980 May;137(5):535-44
7369396
Psychopharmacol Bull. 1984 Winter;20(1):174-7
6371873
J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996 Apr;16(2 Suppl 1):4S-14S
8707999
J Gerontol. 1991 Nov;46(6):M210-5
1834726
Depress Anxiety. 2002;15(3):117-25
12001180
Am J Psychiatry. 1994 Apr;151(4):530-6
8147450
J Affect Disord. 2005 Feb;84(2-3):187-96
15708416
Psychosom Med. 1999 Jan-Feb;61(1):6-17
10024062
World J Biol Psychiatry. 2006;7(4):251-60
17071546
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999 Feb;34(2):91-8
10189815
J Affect Disord. 2006 Apr;91(2-3):133-8
16458364
Bipolar Disord. 2008 Feb;10(1 Pt 2):144-52
18199233
Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Dec;160(12):2134-40
14638583
J Nucl Med. 1993 Jul;34(7):1090-101
8315484
CNS Drugs. 2007;21(12):1019-33
18020481
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006 Mar;45(3):305-313
16540815
Int Psychogeriatr. 1997 Sep;9(3):327-41
9513031
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2004 Fall;14(3):405-11
15650496
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990 Dec;47(12):1106-11
2244795
Psychol Med. 1985 Nov;15(4):733-7
4080879
J Abnorm Psychol. 1992 Feb;101(1):165-73
1537962
Psychol Med. 1988 Feb;18(1):141-53
3363034
Br J Psychiatry. 1995 Mar;166(3):382-5
7788132
J Affect Disord. 2005 Mar;85(1-2):181-9
15780688
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997 Sep;36(9):1168-76
9291717
J Gerontol. 1992 Nov;47(6):P367-72
1430858
Am J Med Genet. 1994 Jun 15;54(2):132-40
8074163
J Gerontol. 1976 May;31(3):300-3
1270764
Can J Psychiatry. 2006 Aug;51(9):581-6
17007225
Harv Rev Psychiatry. 1999 May-Jun;7(1):1-28
10439302
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2005 Jan;14(1):193-210, viii-ix
15564059
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2004 Feb;6(1):32-8
14738702
Am J Psychiatry. 1996 Sep;153(9):1212-5
8780429
Am J Psychiatry. 1998 May;155(5):646-52
9585716
J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;68(11):1673-81
18052560
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983 Nov;16(5):471-5
6639832
Psychiatry Res. 2006 Aug 30;143(2-3):235-44
16814398
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982 May;39(5):527-34
7092486
Neurology. 1994 Oct;44(10 Suppl 7):S37-47
7969945
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988 Dec;56(6):851-5
3204194
Int Psychogeriatr. 1995 Winter;7(4):479-93
8833272
Br J Psychiatry. 1974 Oct;125(0):355-73
4425774
J Affect Disord. 1998 Sep;50(2-3):143-51
9858074
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998 Jan;55(1):49-55
9435760
Lancet. 1972 Sep 23;2(7778):632-5
4116781
Child Abuse Negl. 1990;14(1):19-28
2310970
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1984;8(3):425-34
6435180
Br J Psychiatry. 1964 Mar;110:244-54
14130477
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2006 Dec;16(6):665-70
17201610
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992 Apr;40(4):320-4
1556358
Br J Psychiatry. 1984 Nov;145:508-11
6498417
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986 Jan;43(1):20-30
3942471
Neurology. 1996 Jun;46(6):1567-74
8649550
J Affect Disord. 2003 Jan;73(1-2):123-31
12507745
Br J Psychiatry. 1995 Mar;166(3):316-9
7788122
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984 Mar;41(3):257-67
6367690
Addiction. 1997 Oct;92(10):1289-304
9489046
Life Sci. 1984 Mar 12;34(11):1029-39
6700367
Am J Psychiatry. 1984 Jan;141(1):24-8
6691457
J Affect Disord. 2001 Feb;62(3):141-9
11223102
J Affect Disord. 1998 Sep;50(2-3):175-86
9858077
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994 May;33(4):461-8
8005898
Am J Psychiatry. 1989 Jun;146(6):785-6
2729430
JAMA. 1996 Jul 24-31;276(4):293-9
8656541
J Affect Disord. 2009 Feb;113(1-2):21-9
18676024
J Affect Disord. 2006 Aug;94(1-3):3-13
16712945
Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1989 Dec;(8):41-51
2692639
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008 Jun;42(6):456-66
18465372
Epidemiol Rev. 1987;9:51-69
2445596
J Clin Psychiatry. 1983 May;44(5 Pt 2):130-3
6406441
J Affect Disord. 1996 Jan 22;36(3-4):135-44
8821316
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1988;245:441-63
2906521
J Gerontol. 1992 Jan;47(1):P3-10
1730856
Eur J Pharmacol. 1986 Jan 14;120(1):9-15
3485052
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998 Feb;37(2):155-62
9473911
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1987;499:156-66
2440376
Arch Suicide Res. 2005;9(3):279-300
16020171
Br J Psychiatry. 1980 Mar;136:270-5
7388229
Clin Neuropharmacol. 1983 Mar;6(1):7-24
6342766
Psychother Psychosom. 2006;75(2):72-84
16508342
Arch Suicide Res. 2007;11(2):163-75
17453694
Science. 1977 Apr 8;196(4286):129-36
847460
J Abnorm Psychol. 2004 May;113(2):217-27
15122942
J Affect Disord. 1993 Oct-Nov;29(2-3):85-96
8300981
Psychiatry Res. 2003 Jun 15;118(3):259-71
12834820
Psychol Med. 1996 Jan;26(1):121-33
8643751
Am J Psychiatry. 2005 May;162(5):883-9
15863789
Can J Psychiatry. 2002 Mar;47(2):196-7
11926086
Br J Psychiatry. 2001 Jun;178:549-52
11388972
Am J Psychiatry. 1993 Jun;150(6):935-40
8494072
Can J Psychiatry. 2004 Feb;49(2):124-38
15065747
Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1992 Jun;6 Suppl 6:58-69
1331231
J Clin Psychiatry. 1989 Dec;50 Suppl:23-30; discussion 45-7
2689434
Int Psychogeriatr. 1995;7 Suppl:95-111
8580396
J Affect Disord. 2002 Sep;71(1-3):121-30
12167508
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1993 May;32(3):509-17
8496113
Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Mar;152(3):379-84
7864263
Am Sociol Rev. 1969 Feb;34(1):58-72
5776179
J Affect Disord. 2005 Apr;85(3):245-58
15780694
Psychopathology. 2008;41(1):39-42
17952020
Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1993 Sep;44(9):854-7
8225298
BMC Psychiatry. 2007 Jun 08;7:23
17559663
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1982 Mar;30(3):174-7
7061789
Am J Psychiatry. 1991 May;148(5):617-20
2018163
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996 May;35(5):560-70
8935202
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999 Nov;77(5):1061-72
10573880
J Clin Psychiatry. 1992 Sep;53 Suppl:45-53
1522079
Psychol Med. 1997 Jan;27(1):9-19
9122312
Br J Psychiatry. 1993 Mar;162:299-313
8453424
Psychol Aging. 1991 Dec;6(4):504-11
1777137
Br J Psychiatry. 1989 Jul;155:48-54
2605432
J Affect Disord. 1995 Feb 21;33(2):77-82
7759664
J Affect Disord. 2004 May;80(1):87-93
15094262
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993 Sep;50(9):699-700
8357295
Am J Psychiatry. 1994 Apr;151(4):506-15
8147448
Psychiatr Serv. 2002 Nov;53(11):1419-31
12407270
J Affect Disord. 2008 Apr;107(1-3):307-15
17889374
J Clin Psychiatry. 1994 Dec;55(12):523-7
7814345
Am J Psychiatry. 1993 Nov;150(11):1693-9
8105707
Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Aug;157(8):1243-51
10910786
J Affect Disord. 1990 Mar;18(3):221-5
2139067
J Abnorm Psychol. 1978 Jun;87(3):322-32
681603
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1999 Sep;22(3):517-34, vii
10550853
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990 Sep;47(9):861-8
2393345
Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Aug 1;34(3):141-5
8399805
Int J Epidemiol. 2007 Dec;36(6):1229-34
17905808
Consens Statement. 1991 Nov 4-6;9(3):1-27
1823859
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004 Jul;61(7):714-9
15237083
Compr Psychiatry. 1998 Mar-Apr;39(2):63-71
9515190
Crisis. 2006;27(3):125-9
17091822
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997 Jun;36(6):799-808
9183135
J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68 Suppl 8:11-6
17640153
Br J Psychiatry. 2006 Sep;189:254-9
16946361
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Mar;16(2):104-20
17075688
Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2001 Jan;6(1):4-11
11172528
Psychol Med. 1984 Aug;14(3):559-68
6494364
J Affect Disord. 2007 Aug;101(1-3):27-34
17074395
Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Oct;162(10):1805-19
16199826
Br J Psychiatry. 1989 Sep;155:330-6
2611542
J Clin Psychiatry. 1982 Sep;43(9 Pt 2):4-7
7130142
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006 Jan;113(1):44-7
16390368
Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2006 Apr;36(2):223-38
16704326
Int Psychogeriatr. 1996 Winter;8(4):623-34
9147175