Serum 25-OH vitamin D levels and risk of developing prostate cancer in older men.
OBJECTIVE
Multiple studies have shown clear evidence of vitamin D's anti-tumor effects on prostate cancer cells in laboratory experiments, but the evidence has not been consistent in humans. We sought to examine the association between vitamin D and prostate cancer risk in a cohort of older men.


METHODS
We conducted a prospective case-cohort study nested within the multicenter Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. Baseline serum 25-OH vitamin D was measured in a randomly selected sub-cohort of 1,433 men > or = 65 years old without a history of prostate cancer and from all participants with an incident diagnosis of prostate cancer (n = 297). Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations between quartiles of total 25-OH vitamin D and incident prostate cancer, as well as Gleason score.


RESULTS
In comparison with the lowest quartile of 25-OH vitamin D, the hazard ratio for the highest quartile of 25-OH vitamin D was 1.22 (CI 0.50-1.72, p = 0.25), no trend across quartiles (p = 0.94) or association with Gleason score was observed. Adjustment for covariates did not alter the results.


CONCLUSIONS
In this prospective cohort of older men, we found no association between serum 25-OH vitamin D levels and subsequent risk of prostate cancer.
Barnett
Christine M
CM
Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology and the Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, CH-14R, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Nielson
Carrie M
CM
Shannon
Jackie
J
Chan
June M
JM
Shikany
James M
JM
Bauer
Douglas C
DC
Hoffman
Andrew R
AR
Barrett-Connor
Elizabeth
E
Orwoll
Eric
E
Beer
Tomasz M
TM
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
Lancet. 2001 Aug 25;358(9282):641-2
11530156
BJU Int. 2002 Oct;90(6):607-16
12230626
J Clin Epidemiol. 1993 Feb;46(2):153-62
8437031
Cancer. 2002 Mar 15;94(6):1867-75
11920550
Urology. 1997 Dec;50(6):999-1006
9426741
Urology. 2001 Apr;57(4 Suppl 1):115-20
11295607
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1996 Feb;5(2):121-6
8850273
Cancer Res. 1992 Feb 1;52(3):515-20
1370648
Cancer Causes Control. 1998 Aug;9(4):425-32
9794175
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998 May;7(5):391-5
9610788
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004 May;89-90(1-5):533-7
15225833
Urology. 1995 Sep;46(3):365-9
7660511
Cancer Causes Control. 2004 Mar;15(2):149-58
15017127
Am J Epidemiol. 2009 May 15;169(10):1223-32
19359375
PLoS Med. 2007 Mar;4(3):e103
17388667
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1993 Sep-Oct;2(5):467-72
8220092
J Clin Epidemiol. 1999 Dec;52(12):1165-72
10580779
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Apr 5;98(7):451-9
16595781
Anticancer Res. 1990 Sep-Oct;10(5A):1307-11
2241107
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1996 Jun;58(3):277-88
8836163
Cancer Res. 2001 Apr 1;61(7):2852-6
11306457
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Oct;14(10):2303-9
16214909
Cancer Causes Control. 2000 Oct;11(9):847-52
11075874
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Dec;13(12):2225-32
15598784
Cancer Res. 2005 Jun 15;65(12):5470-9
15958597
Anticancer Res. 1994 May-Jun;14(3A):1077-81
8074453
Cancer Causes Control. 1995 May;6(3):235-9
7612803
Nat Rev Cancer. 2007 Sep;7(9):684-700
17721433
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Feb;86(2):888-94
11158062
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Apr;94(4):1214-22
19174492
Prostate. 2007 Sep 1;67(12):1362-70
17624920
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Jun 4;100(11):796-804
18505967
Endocrinology. 1993 May;132(5):1952-60
7682937
Int J Epidemiol. 1980 Sep;9(3):227-31
7440046
Cancer Causes Control. 2006 Oct;17(8):1091-101
16933060
Contemp Clin Trials. 2005 Oct;26(5):569-85
16084776
Br J Cancer. 2009 Feb 10;100(3):450-4
19156140
Cancer. 1992 Dec 15;70(12):2861-9
1451068
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Aug;91(8):3055-61
16720650
Cancer Res. 1994 Feb 1;54(3):805-10
7508338
J Cell Biochem. 2003 Feb 1;88(2):315-22
12520532
J Mol Endocrinol. 2000 Oct;25(2):141-8
11013342
Int J Cancer. 2004 Jan 1;108(1):104-8
14618623
Cancer Causes Control. 2004 Apr;15(3):255-65
15090720
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Dec;16(12):2784-6
18086789
Carcinogenesis. 2003 Apr;24(4):711-7
12727800