title: Manipulating heat shock factor-1 in Xenopus tadpoles: neuronal tissues are refractory to exogenous expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aging related decline of heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) signaling may be causally related to protein aggregation diseases. To model such disease, we tried to cripple HSF1 signaling in the Xenopus tadpole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over-expression of heat shock factor binding protein-1 did not inhibit the heat shock response in Xenopus. RNAi against HSF1 mRNA inhibited the heat shock response by 70% in Xenopus A6 cells, but failed in transgenic tadpoles. Expression of XHSF380, a dominant-negative HSF1 mutant, was embryonic lethal, which could be circumvented by delaying expression via a tetracycline inducible promoter. HSF1 signaling is thus essential for embryonic Xenopus development. Surprisingly, transgenic expression of the XHSF380 or of full length HSF1, whether driven by a ubiquitous or a neural specific promoter, was not detectable in the larval brain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our finding that the majority of neurons, which have little endogenous HSF1, refused to accept transgene-driven expression of HSF1 or its mutant suggests that HSF1 levels are strictly controlled in neuronal tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ron P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dirks
authors.forename: Remon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Geel
authors.forename: Sanne M M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hensen
authors.forename: Siebe T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: van Genesen
authors.forename: Nicolette H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Lubsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007814:Larva; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors
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