title: Pre-existing cardiovascular diseases and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Europe: a matched cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although there is a growing body of evidence showing that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have poor glycemic control in general, it is not clear whether T2DM patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are more or less likely to have good glycemic control than patients without pre-existing CVD. Our aim was to examine the degree of glycemic control among T2DM patients in Europe with and without pre-existing CVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a matched cohort study based on a multi-center, observational study with retrospective medical chart reviews of T2DM patients in Spain, France, United Kingdom, Norway, Finland, Germany, and Poland. Included patients were aged >= 30 years at time of diagnosis of T2DM, had added a SU or a PPARgamma agonist to failing metformin monotherapy (index date) and had pre-existing CVD (cases). A control cohort with T2DM without pre-existing CVD was identified using 1:1 propensity score matching. With difference-in-difference approach, logistic and linear regression analyses were applied to identify differences in glycemic control by CVD during the follow up period, after controlling for baseline demographics, clinical information, and concurrent anti-hyperglycemic medication use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of case patients with adequate glycemic control relative to control patients during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years after the index date was 19.9 vs. 26.5, 16.8 vs. 26.5, 18.8 vs. 28.3, and 16.8 vs. 23.5 respectively. Cases were significantly less likely to have adequate glycemic control (odds ratio: 0.62; 95% confidence interval: 0.46-0.82) than controls after adjusting for baseline differences, secular trend, and other potential confounding covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T2DM patients with pre-existing CVD tended to have poorer glycemic control than those without pre-existing CVD, all other factors being equal. It suggests that clinicians may need to pay more attention to glycemic control among T2DM patients with CVD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. fuz@ccf.org
authors.forename: Alex Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Radican
authors.forename: Donald D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mavros
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists; D057216:Propensity Score; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
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