title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in mobile tongue squamous cell carcinoma: associations with clinicopathological parameters and patients survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, implicated in various aspects of cancer biology, such as differentiation, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of PPAR-γ in mobile tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  PPAR-γ protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically on 49 mobile tongue SCC tissue samples obtained from an equal number of patients. PPAR-γ expression and intensity of immunostaining were statistically analyzed in relation with clinicopathological characteristics, mitotic index and patients' survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated PPAR-γ expression was more frequently observed in patients with reduced depth of invasion (P = 0.0111). Moderate/intense PPAR-γ staining intensity was more frequently observed in patients with no evidence of muscular infiltration (P = 0.0229) and reduced depth of invasion (P = 0.0176). Mobile tongue SCC patients presenting enhanced PPAR-γ expression had significantly longer overall and disease-free survival times compared to those with low PPAR-γ expression (log-rank test, P = 0.0162 and P = 0.0114, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPAR-γ immunoreactivity in mobile tongue SCC was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics crucial for patients' management and prognosis. PPAR-γ may be considered as a useful prognostic marker in mobile tongue SCC and a potential therapeutic target for tongue cancer chemoprevention and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institut Curie, Paris, France. theocharis@ath.forthnet.gr
authors.forename: Stamatios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Theocharis
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klijanienko
authors.forename: Constantinos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giaginis
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jouffroy
authors.forename: Angelique
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Girod
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Point
authors.forename: Gerasimos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsourouflis
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Satre-Garau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005927:Glossectomy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000032:analysis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D047495:PPAR gamma
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