Ability of goat milk to modulate healthy human peripheral blood lymphomonocyte and polymorphonuclear cell function: in vitro effects and clinical implications.
The in vitro effects of goat's milk from different sources (Jonica, Saanen, and Priska breeds plus a commercial preparation) on healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated in terms of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine release. According to the incubation time (24 h or 48 h) used all milks could induce release of NO from monocytes. In this context, however, in the presence of a commercial milk preparation inhibition of lypopolysaccharide (LPS)-induce NO generation was evident. Also polymorphonuclear cells stimulated with the various milks released detectable amounts of NO. In the case of Priska milk inhibition of LPS-mediated NO generation was observed. Despite a broad array of cytokines tested [Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha, Transforming Growth Factor-beta and Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor] only IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 were released by PBMCs upon stimulation with various milks. Taken together, these data indicate that goat's milk for its capacity to produce NO may exert a cardioprotective and anti-atherogenic effect in consumers. Moreover, induction of proinflammatory (TNF-alpha and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines suggests the ability of this milk to maintain immune homeostasis in the immunocompromised host (e.g., aged people).
Jirillo
F
F
Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Martemucci
G
G
D'Alessandro
A G
AG
Panaro
M A
MA
Cianciulli
A
A
Superbo
M
M
Jirillo
E
E
Magrone
T
T
D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide