ITAM receptor signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome in antifungal immunity.
BACKGROUND
Infections with fungi can cause systemic life-threatening diseases in immunocompromised individuals like cancer or AIDS patients. Recent work has uncovered essential roles for C-type lectin pattern recognition receptors, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and the cytosolic NLRP3 inflammasome in innate antifungal immunity. Upon fungal infection, SYK is activated by several ITAM-containing or ITAM-coupled C-type lectin receptors on myeloid cells leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1beta to initiate antifungal responses. Mature IL-1beta production requires in addition to the synthesis of pro-IL-1beta a cleavage of the precursor protein by the inflammatory Caspase-1 which is controlled within the NLRP3 inflammasome.


METHODS
Here, we discuss how ITAM receptor signaling and NLRP3 cooperate for the induction of antifungal immunity.
Poeck
Hendrik
H
III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Ruland
Jürgen
J
D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009181:Mycoses / Q000276:immunology*; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D000072377:Syk Kinase
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; C453881:NLRP3 protein, human; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C000606896:SYK protein, human; D000072377:Syk Kinase
Nature. 2006 Mar 9;440(7081):237-41
16407889
Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27:229-65
19302040
Immunity. 2009 Apr 17;30(4):556-65
19362020
Nature. 2006 Mar 9;440(7081):228-32
16407890
Nature. 2008 Jun 19;453(7198):1122-6
18496530
Nat Immunol. 2010 Feb;11(2):136-40
20023662
J Immunol. 2008 Jul 15;181(2):918-30
18606643
Nature. 2009 Mar 26;458(7237):514-8
19158675
Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1057-60
19131592
N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 29;361(18):1727-35
19864672
Nature. 2008 Mar 6;452(7183):103-7
18288107
Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):433-6
19339971
Nat Immunol. 2008 Aug;9(8):847-56
18604214
J Immunol. 2009 Jan 15;182(2):1119-28
19124755
Blood. 2005 Oct 1;106(7):2543-50
15956283
Immunity. 2005 Apr;22(4):507-17
15845454
Trends Immunol. 2009 May;30(5):234-42
19359218
Immunity. 2008 Nov 14;29(5):807-18
18993083
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 May 8;104(19):8041-6
17483456
Nature. 2009 Mar 26;458(7237):509-13
19158676
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Nov;1143:1-20
19076341
Nat Immunol. 2007 Jun;8(6):619-29
17486093
Glycobiology. 2006 May;16(5):422-30
16423983
PLoS Pathog. 2009 Aug;5(8):e1000559
19696895
Nature. 2006 Mar 9;440(7081):233-6
16407888
Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 Jul;9(7):465-79
19521399
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Nov;1143:45-60
19076344
Nat Immunol. 2008 Aug;9(8):857-65
18604209
Nat Immunol. 2009 Feb;10(2):203-13
19122653
J Infect Dis. 2006 May 15;193(10):1419-26
16619190
Nat Immunol. 2010 Jan;11(1):63-9
19915568
Nat Immunol. 2007 Jan;8(1):31-8
17159984
Cell Host Microbe. 2009 May 8;5(5):487-97
19454352
Nature. 2006 Aug 10;442(7103):651-6
16862125
Nat Rev Immunol. 2006 Jan;6(1):33-43
16341139
Nat Rev Immunol. 2010 Mar;10(3):210-5
20168318
Immunity. 2009 Apr 17;30(4):566-75
19362023
J Immunol. 2009 Jan 15;182(2):1146-54
19124758
J Exp Med. 2009 Jan 16;206(1):79-87
19139171
Nat Immunol. 2007 Jun;8(6):630-8
17450144
Mol Cell. 2002 Aug;10(2):417-26
12191486
J Immunol. 2009 Dec 15;183(12):8061-7
20007575
J Immunol. 2009 Jul 15;183(2):787-91
19570822
Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Sep 11;4(3):198-208
18779046
Nat Rev Immunol. 2004 Jan;4(1):1-23
14661066
J Immunol. 2009 Sep 15;183(6):3578-81
19684085
Science. 2008 May 2;320(5876):674-7
18403674
Cell Death Differ. 2007 Sep;14(9):1583-9
17599094
N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 29;361(18):1760-7
19864674
J Biol Chem. 2009 Jul 31;284(31):20574-81
19509280
J Exp Med. 2009 Aug 31;206(9):2037-51
19703985
Nat Immunol. 2009 Mar;10(3):266-72
19158679
J Immunol. 2008 Jun 1;180(11):7404-13
18490740
Curr Opin Immunol. 2009 Feb;21(1):10-6
19223160