title: Measuring client experiences in long-term care in the Netherlands: a pilot study with the Consumer Quality Index Long-term Care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to describe the development, testing and optimization of a new standard instrument, the Consumer Quality Index (CQ-index) Long-term Care, for measuring client experiences with long-term care in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three versions of the CQ-index questionnaires and protocols for study sampling and data collection were developed, designed for interviews with residents of nursing or residential care homes and postal surveys among representatives of psychogeriatric residents and homecare clients. From July to November 2006 a pilot study was conducted among 2,697 clients of 68 nursing or residential care homes, 2,164 representatives of clients in 57 psychogeriatric care institutions, and 1,462 clients of 19 homecare organizations. We performed psychometric analyses and descriptive analyses, and evaluated the pilot study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pilot study showed the feasibility and usability of the instruments, supported the multidimensionality of the questionnaires and showed first findings on client experiences and possibilities for quality improvement. Nine scales applied to all care settings: shared decision making, attitude and courtesy, information, body care, competence and safety of care, activities, autonomy, mental well-being, and availability of personnel. The pilot resulted in three optimized questionnaires and recommendations for nationwide implementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CQ-index Long-term Care provides a good basis to investigate the quality of nursing homes, residential care homes and homecare from the clients' perspective. This standardized instrument enables a nationwide comparison of the quality of long-term care for the purpose of transparency and quality assurance.
authors.affiliation: NIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Otterstraat 118-124, 3513 CR Utrecht, The Netherlands. M.Triemstra@nivel.nl
authors.forename: Mattanja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Triemstra
authors.forename: Sjenny
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winters
authors.forename: Rudolf B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kool
authors.forename: Therese A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wiegers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000592:standards; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000592:standards*; D009426:Netherlands; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000592:standards; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017064:Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012112:Residential Facilities / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
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