title: Lifestyle risk factors of students: a cluster analytical approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours have been identified as a problem amongst students. This present study investigated the prevalence and clustering of five lifestyle risk factors within a UK Higher Education (HE) institution during the period of April-May in 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional design, 410 students completed a 'health and lifestyle' survey. Data was collected on psychological stress, physical activity (PA), fruit and vegetable intake, binge drinking, smoking, and demographic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three subgroups emerged from the cluster analysis: 'unhealthy/high risk', 'moderately healthy/moderate risk' and 'healthy/low risk' group. The groups were cross-tabulated by demographics and the resulting clusters provided an insightful indication of how behaviours interact. Data on the whole sample revealed that the prevalence of three lifestyle risk factors were high; 70% did not meet the recommended guidelines of PA, 66% ate less than the recommended servings of fruit and vegetables per day, and 56% reported binge drinking at least once in a seven-day period. Psychological stress was also high amongst the sample, with females experiencing greater psychological stress than males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Students' health lifestyles are of concern. The tendency for specific health lifestyle factors to aggregate in clusters has important implications for health promotion within this environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Counselling, Newman University College, Genners Lane, Bartley Green, Birmingham, B32 3NT, United Kingdom. l.dodd@newman.ac.uk
authors.forename: Lorna J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Al-Nakeeb
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nevill
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Forshaw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013334:Students; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult