title: Fetoscopic management of complicated monochorionic twins.
abstract: Operative fetoscopy is a surgical approach to the in utero treatment of fetal or placental abnormalities. The approach is on the basis of combined use of ultrasound and endoscopy and minimally invasive access into the womb. Operative fetoscopy is associated with significantly less risk of preterm birth, neonatal morbidity, and maternal morbidity as compared with open fetal surgery. A wide variety of fetal conditions have been surgically managed via operative fetoscopy, particularly complicated monochorionic twin gestations. The aim of this chapter is to review the current status and future direction of operative fetoscopy for the treatment of complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ramen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chmait
authors.forename: Eftichia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kontopoulos
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quintero
mesh_terms: D000649:Amniocentesis; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D005330:Fetofetal Transfusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D005332:Fetoscopy; D005333:Fetus / Q000002:abnormalities; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D011247:Pregnancy; D018607:Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal / Q000379:methods; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014427:Twins; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000601:surgery