title: Feasibility, reliability, and validity of the EQ-5D-Y: results from a multinational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the newly developed EQ-5D-Y.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EQ-5D-Y was administered in population samples of children and adolescents in Germany, Italy, South Africa, Spain, and Sweden. Percentages of missing values and reported problems were calculated. Test-retest reliability was determined. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients with other generic measures of HRQOL were calculated. Known groups' validity was examined by comparing groups with a priori expected differences in HRQOL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 91 and 100% of the respondents provided valid scorings. Sweden had the lowest proportion of reported problems (1-24.9% across EQ-5D-Y dimensions), with the highest proportions in South Africa (2.8-47.3%) and Italy (4.3-39.0%). Percentages of agreement in test-retest reliability ranged between 69.8 and 99.7% in the EQ-5D-Y dimensions; Kappa coefficients were up to 0.67. Correlation coefficients with other measures of self-rated health indicated convergent validity (up to r = -0.56). Differences between groups classified according to presence of chronic conditions, self-rated overall health and psychological problems provided preliminary evidence of known groups' validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provide preliminary evidence of the instrument's feasibility, reliability and validity. Further study is required in clinical samples and for possible future applications in economic analyses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatics in Children and Adolescents, Research Unit Child Public Health, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. ravens-sieberer@uke.de
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ravens-Sieberer
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wille
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Badia
authors.forename: Gouke
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonsel
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Burström
authors.forename: Gulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cavrini
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Devlin
authors.forename: Ann-Charlotte
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Egmar
authors.forename: Narcis
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gusi
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herdman
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jelsma
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kind
authors.forename: Pedro R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scalone
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Greiner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005060:Europe; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013019:South Africa; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
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