title: The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates plant hormone signaling.
abstract: Plants utilize the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to modulate nearly every aspect of growth and development. Ubiquitin is covalently attached to target proteins through the action of three enzymes known as E1, E2, and E3. The ultimate outcome of this post-translational modification depends on the nature of the ubiquitin linkage and the extent of polyubiquitination. In most cases, ubiquitination results in degradation of the target protein in the 26S proteasome. During the last 10 years it has become clear that the UPS plays a prominent regulatory role in hormone biology. E3 ubiquitin ligases in particular actively participate in hormone perception, de-repression of hormone signaling pathways, degradation of hormone specific transcription factors, and regulation of hormone biosynthesis. It is certain that additional functions will be discovered as more of the nearly 1200 potential E3s in plants are elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Kinetics, Inc., 6201 La Pas Trail, Suite 160, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santner
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Estelle
mesh_terms: D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000502:physiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000502:physiology*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000502:physiology*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000502:physiology; D054875:Ubiquitination
chemical_list: D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D025801:Ubiquitin; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
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