title: Dual tasking and working memory in alcoholism: relation to frontocerebellar circuitry.
abstract: Controversy exists regarding the role of cerebellar systems in cognition and whether working memory compromise commonly marking alcoholism can be explained by compromise of nodes of corticocerebellar circuitry. We tested 17 alcoholics and 31 age-matched controls with dual-task, working memory paradigms. Interference tasks competed with verbal and spatial working memory tasks using low (three item) or high (six item) memory loads. Participants also underwent structural MRI to obtain volumes of nodes of the frontocerebellar system. On the verbal working memory task, both groups performed equally. On the spatial working memory with the high-load task, the alcoholic group was disproportionately more affected by the arithmetic distractor than were controls. In alcoholics, volumes of the left thalamus and left cerebellar Crus I volumes were more robust predictors of performance in the spatial working memory task with the arithmetic distractor than the left frontal superior cortex. In controls, volumes of the right middle frontal gyrus and right cerebellar Crus I were independent predictors over the left cerebellar Crus I, left thalamus, right superior parietal cortex, or left middle frontal gyrus of spatial working memory performance with tracking interference. The brain-behavior correlations suggest that alcoholics and controls relied on the integrity of certain nodes of corticocerebellar systems to perform these verbal and spatial working memory tasks, but that the specific pattern of relationships differed by group. The resulting brain structure-function patterns provide correlational support that components of this corticocerebellar system not typically related to normal performance in dual-task conditions may be available to augment otherwise dampened performance by alcoholics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5723, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chanraud
authors.forename: Anne-Lise
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pitel
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rohlfing
authors.forename: Adolf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfefferbaum
authors.forename: Edith V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2001 Jul;14(1 Pt 1):7-20
references.pmid: 11525339
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003 Jul 20;71(1):7-16
references.pmid: 12821201
references.citation: Jpn Psychol Res. 2004 May;46(2):86-97
references.pmid: 15151568
references.citation: Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2000 Mar;31(2-3):236-50
references.pmid: 10719151
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2002 Nov;17(3):143-55
references.pmid: 12391568
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 Feb;32(2):429-38
references.pmid: 17047671
references.citation: Alcohol. 2004 Jan;32(1):63-7
references.pmid: 15066705
references.citation: Science. 1966 Aug 5;153(3736):652-4
references.pmid: 5939936
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 Jun;32(6):1001-13
references.pmid: 18422840
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1995 Apr;19(2):496-500
references.pmid: 7625588
references.citation: Behav Brain Funct. 2007 Aug 20;3:42
references.pmid: 17708762
references.citation: Neuropsychology. 2000 Apr;14(2):178-88
references.pmid: 10791858
references.citation: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2002 Jun;26(5):919-27
references.pmid: 12369267
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003 Sep;27(9):1409-19
references.pmid: 14506401
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997 May;21(3):521-9
references.pmid: 9161613
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2000 May;24(5):611-21
references.pmid: 10832902
references.citation: Neuroradiology. 2008 Apr;50(4):367-75
references.pmid: 18172628
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2005 Jun 15;135(2):81-90
references.pmid: 15923044
references.citation: Neuropsychol Rev. 2007 Sep;17(3):239-57
references.pmid: 17874302
references.citation: Neuron. 2004 Mar 4;41(5):825-37
references.pmid: 15003180
references.citation: Neuroscience. 1997 Aug;79(4):983-98
references.pmid: 9219961
references.citation: Cortex. 2010 Jul-Aug;46(7):880-95
references.pmid: 19811779
references.citation: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Sep;27(6):951-61
references.pmid: 14499312
references.citation: Neuropsychology. 2004 Jul;18(3):504-13
references.pmid: 15291728
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009 Apr;34(5):1223-32
references.pmid: 18615012
references.citation: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2001 Jan;20(1):45-57
references.pmid: 11293691
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2002 Jan;15(1):273-89
references.pmid: 11771995
references.citation: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 1997 Jul;6(1):1-8
references.pmid: 9395845
references.citation: Cogn Neuropsychiatry. 2002 Feb;7(1):63-74
references.pmid: 16571527
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2000;26(1):119-36
references.pmid: 10755673
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2004 Dec;4(4):517-27
references.pmid: 15849894
references.citation: Psychon Bull Rev. 2007 Apr;14(2):243-8
references.pmid: 17694908
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2003 Sep 10;23(23):8432-44
references.pmid: 12968006
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 1982 Nov;43(11):1157-70
references.pmid: 7182675
references.citation: Int J Addict. 1982 Jan;17(1):61-88
references.pmid: 7042598
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1990 Oct;53(10):856-61
references.pmid: 2266366
references.citation: Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2007 Jan;60(1):79-100
references.pmid: 17162509
references.citation: Neuropsychology. 1997 Apr;11(2):195-206
references.pmid: 9110327
references.citation: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1996 Jun;18(3):317-37
references.pmid: 8877617
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2002 May;5(5):479-84
references.pmid: 11953754
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2009 Jan 15;44(2):489-501
references.pmid: 18835452
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Jun;192(2):291-8
references.pmid: 17279375
references.citation: Acta Neurol Belg. 2005 Dec;105(4):187-96
references.pmid: 16482867
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1991 Jun;15(3):418-27
references.pmid: 1877728
references.citation: Mem Cognit. 2005 Mar;33(2):203-12
references.pmid: 16028575
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001 Feb;25(2):236-45
references.pmid: 11236838
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2000 Aug 15;48(4):276-86
references.pmid: 10960158
references.citation: Neuropsychology. 2006 Jul;20(4):453-60
references.pmid: 16846263
references.citation: Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2006 Jan;21(1):101-7
references.pmid: 16216464
references.citation: Science. 1999 Mar 12;283(5408):1657-61
references.pmid: 10073923
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 Jun;33(6):977-84
references.pmid: 19382897
references.citation: Mem Cognit. 2002 Oct;30(7):1086-95
references.pmid: 12507373
references.citation: J Neurol Sci. 1989 Aug;92(1):81-9
references.pmid: 2769304
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1999;395:51-7
references.pmid: 10225333
references.citation: Neuroimage. 1999 Sep;10(3 Pt 1):233-60
references.pmid: 10458940
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1988 Feb;12(1):81-7
references.pmid: 3279864
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 2002 Nov 15;14(8):1184-99
references.pmid: 12495525
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2010 May;31(5):798-819
references.pmid: 20017133
references.citation: Percept Psychophys. 2008 Jan;70(1):36-49
references.pmid: 18306959
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2003 Aug;19(4):1510-20
references.pmid: 12948707
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Jul 1;29(26):8586-94
references.pmid: 19571149
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2009 Oct;19(10):2485-97
references.pmid: 19592571