title: Nocturnal intermittent serious hypoxia and reoxygenation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the relationship between evaluation items of sleep-disordered breathing and diabetic retinopathy in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight consecutive nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and 151 proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) cases who had undergone surgeries in our department were included in this study. Pulse oximetry was conducted overnight and mean oxygen saturation by pulse oximeter (SpO(2); %), the sleeping 4% oxygen desaturation index (4% ODI times/hour), lowest SpO(2) (%), and the cumulative percent time spent at SpO(2) < 90% (CT 90%) were calculated. The results were evaluated and compared between the 2 groups. In addition, these results and preoperative patient background factors were analyzed using logistic regression analysis to clarify risk factor of PDR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  4% ODI and CT 90% in the PDR group were significantly higher than in the nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy group (4% ODI, 7.8 vs. 4.9; P = .007; CT 90%, 2.2 vs 0.8; P = .0006). Lowest SpO(2) was significantly lower in the PDR group than in the nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy groups (82.4 vs 87.0; P = .0006). Logistic regression analysis identified being younger, having a lower value for the lowest SpO(2), and a high hemoglobin A1c value to be risk factors for PDR (age: odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, -0.86 to -0.94; P < .0001; lowest SpO(2): odds ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 0.99; P = .02; hemoglobin A1c: odds ratio, 1.00 to 1.69; P = .047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicated that PDR cases had episodes of nocturnal intermittent hypoxia and reoxygenation as a result of sleep-disordered breathing and that low-value lowest SpO(2) were the risk factors for PDR development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan. tomoaki-s@sakura.med.toho-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeno
authors.forename: Yoshitsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saishin
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010092:Oximetry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D010100:Oxygen; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human