Abundant expression of HIV target cells and C-type lectin receptors in the foreskin tissue of young Kenyan men.
A biological explanation for the reduction in HIV-1 (HIV) acquisition after male circumcision may be that removal of the foreskin reduces the number of target cells for HIV. The expression of potential HIV target cells and C-type lectin receptors in foreskin tissue of men at risk of HIV infection were thus analyzed. Thirty-three foreskin tissue samples, stratified by Herpes simplex virus type 2 status, were obtained from a randomized, controlled trial conducted in Kenya. The samples were analyzed by confocal in situ imaging microscopy and mRNA quantification by quantitative RT-qPCR. The presence and location of T cells (CD3(+)CD4(+)), Langerhans cells (CD1a(+)Langerin/CD207(+)), macrophages (CD68(+) or CD14(+)), and submucosal dendritic cells (CD123(+)BDCA-2(+) or CD11c(+)DC-SIGN(+)) were defined. C-type lectin receptor expressing cells were detected in both the epithelium and submucosa, and distinct lymphoid aggregates densely populated with CD3(+)CD4(+) T cells were identified in the submucosa. Although the presence of lymphoid aggregates and mRNA expression of selected markers varied between study subjects, Herpes simplex virus type 2 serostatus was not the major determinant for the detected differences. The detection of abundant and superficially present potential HIV target cells and submucosal lymphoid aggregates in foreskin mucosa from a highly relevant HIV risk group demonstrate a possible anatomical explanation that may contribute to the protective effect of male circumcision on HIV transmission.
Hirbod
Taha
T
Center for Molecular Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. taha.hirbod@ki.se
Bailey
Robert C
RC
Agot
Kawango
K
Moses
Stephen
S
Ndinya-Achola
Jeckoniah
J
Murugu
Ruth
R
Andersson
Jan
J
Nilsson
Jakob
J
Broliden
Kristina
K
D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D052816:Foreskin / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
D015415:Biomarkers; D037181:Lectins, C-Type
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