title: The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced (pT3, pT4a) and/or lymph node-positive bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the long-term follow up of patients with locally advanced bladder cancer treated with either adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) or methotrexate, vinblastine, epirubicin, and cisplatin (MVEC) or no additional treatment after radical cystectomy, to examine various survival endpoints and factors associated with long-term survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-eight patients undergoing radical cystectomy for pathologic stage T3, T4 or lymph node-positive (N+) bladder cancer were divided to observation group (46 patients) and adjuvant chemotherapy group (32 patients). Data were obtained for recurrence free (RFS) and overall survival (OS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-, 2- and 5-year RFS rates were 74, 56.8 and 51.1% for chemotherapy arm, whereas these ratios were 50.6, 31 and 27.6% for control arm, respectively (P = 0.032). RFS rates were significantly better in patients with lymph node-negative disease than in those with positive lymph nodes for control arm (P = 0.007), but for the chemotherapy arm there was no statistical difference between patients with lymph node-negative and -positive disease (P = 0.28). Mean OS and RFS times were 31.03 and 28.4 months for chemotherapy arm, while they were 22.17 and 18.09 months for control arm, respectively (P = 0.142, P = 0.196). On multivariate analysis, lymph node metastasis and adjuvant chemotherapy remained significant independent prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bladder cancer is chemosensitive, and using adjuvant chemotherapy is likely to improve the outcome of local treatment and to decrease the rates of distant metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. drberkan79@gmail.com
authors.forename: Berkan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reşorlu
authors.forename: Kadir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Türkölmez
authors.forename: Gül
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ergün
authors.forename: Sümer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baltacı
authors.forename: Cağatay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Göğüş
authors.forename: Yaşar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bedük
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
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