title: Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on human osteoblastlike cells (MG-63): a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are used to treat delayed unions and nonunions, their mechanisms of action are not completely clear. However, PEMFs are known to affect the expression of certain genes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We asked (1) whether PEMFs affect gene expression in human osteoblastlike cells (MG63) in vitro, and (2) whether and to what extent stimulation by PEMFs induce cell proliferation and differentiation in MG-63 cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We cultured two groups of MG63 cells. One group was treated with PEMFs for 18 hours whereas the second was maintained in the same culture condition without PEMFs (control). Gene expression was evaluated throughout cDNA microarray analysis containing 19,000 genes spanning a substantial fraction of the human genome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PEMFs induced the upregulation of important genes related to bone formation (HOXA10, AKT1), genes at the transductional level (CALM1, P2RX7), genes for cytoskeletal components (FN1, VCL), and collagenous (COL1A2) and noncollagenous (SPARC) matrix components. However, PEMF induced downregulation of genes related to the degradation of extracellular matrix (MMP-11, DUSP4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEMFs appear to induce cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, PEMFs promote extracellular matrix production and mineralization while decreasing matrix degradation and absorption. Our data suggest specific mechanisms of the observed clinical effect of PEMFs, and thus specific approaches for use in regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Clinica Ortopedica Università di Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy. slv@unife.it
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sollazzo
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Furio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pezzetti
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Massari
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carinci
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000528:radiation effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects
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