title: Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of three oral formulations of valsartan 160 mg: a single-dose, randomized, open-label, three-period crossover comparison in healthy Indian male volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Valsartan is a selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Although the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of valsartan have been well characterized, a literature search did not identify any reports concerning the bioavailability of valsartan in the Indian population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of 2 branded generic valsartan formulations (tests A and B) with a branded innovator product (reference) in healthy Indian male subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  This single-dose, randomized, open-label, 3-period crossover study compared the pharmacokinetic properties of 3 marketed brands of valsartan 160-mg tablets in healthy Indian male volunteers aged 18 to 45 years under fasting conditions. Subjects were assigned to receive, in randomized order, a single oral dose of 1 of 2 test formulations (A or B) or a reference formulation of valsartan 160 mg. Each study period was separated by a 5-day washout period. Blood samples were collected at prespecified times over a period of 24 hours after administration. An HPLC method was used for the estimation of plasma valsartan concentrations. A noncompartmental method was employed to determine the pharmacokinetic properties (C(max), T(max), AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), and t(1/2)) to test for bioequivalence. The predetermined regulatory range of 90% CI for bioequivalence was 80% to 125%. Tolerability was assessed using physical examination, including vital sign measurement, and direct questioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study was conducted in 18 subjects (mean age, 24.8 years; weight, 54.5 kg; and height, 164.67 cm). For test formulation A versus the reference formulation, the 90% CIs of the least squares mean test/reference ratios of C(max), AUC(0-t), and AUC(0-infinity) were 81.18% to 115.74%, 77.27% to 108.75%, and 79.32% to 108.70%, respectively. For test B versus reference, the corresponding values were 84.69% to 120.73%, 83.72% to 117.84%, and 84.40% to 115.67%. No adverse events were found or reported by subjects throughout the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this single-dose study in a small sample of healthy Indian male subjects, test formulation B of valsartan 160 mg was considered bioequivalent to the reference formulation as per predetermined regulatory criteria, whereas test formulation A was not. All 3 formulations were well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, Hamdard University (Jamia Hamdard), New Delhi, India. muziqbal@gmail.com
authors.forename: Muzaffar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Arshad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khuroo
authors.forename: Lakhvinder S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Batolar
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tandon
authors.forename: Tausif
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Monif
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D013607:Tablets; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D014633:Valine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000068756:Valsartan; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D016568:Drugs, Generic; D013607:Tablets; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000068756:Valsartan; D014633:Valine