title: Different profiles of cytokine expression during mild and severe acute pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study secretion patterns of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and activation of various cellular subsets of leukocytes in peripheral blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have conducted a prospective observational study. One hundred and eight patients with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and onset of the disease within last 72 h were included in this study. The mRNA expression of 25 different types of cytokines in white blood cells was determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Levels of 8 different cytokines in blood serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical data and cytokine expression results were subjected to statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Severe and necrotizing acute pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by the significant depletion of circulating lymphocytes. Severe acute pancreatitis is associated with a typical systemic inflammatory response syndrome and over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)]. Serum IL-6 and MIF concentrations are the best discriminators of severe and necrotizing AP as well as possible fatal outcome during the early course of the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deregulation of cellular immune system is a key event leading to severe and necrotizing AP. IL-6 and MIF could be used as early predictors of complications.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Research of Digestive System, Institute for Biomedical Research, Eiveniu Str. 2, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania. zilvinas.dambrauskas@gmail.com
authors.forename: Zilvinas
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dambrauskas
authors.forename: Nathalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Giese
authors.forename: Antanas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gulbinas
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Giese
authors.forename: Pascal O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Berberat
authors.forename: Juozas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pundzius
authors.forename: Giedrius
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barauskas
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friess
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012333:RNA, Messenger
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