title: Association of the 9p21.3 locus with risk of first-ever myocardial infarction in Pakistanis: case-control study in South Asia and updated meta-analysis of Europeans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine variants at the 9p21 locus in a case-control study of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in Pakistanis and to perform an updated meta-analysis of published studies in people of European ancestry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1851 patients with first-ever confirmed MI and 1903 controls were genotyped for 89 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms at locus 9p21, including the lead variant (rs1333049) identified by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. Minor allele frequencies and extent of linkage disequilibrium observed in Pakistanis were broadly similar to those seen in Europeans. In the Pakistani study, 6 variants were associated with MI (P<10(-2)) in the initial sample set, and in an additional 741 cases and 674 controls in whom further genotyping was performed for these variants. For Pakistanis, the odds ratio for MI was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.22; P=2 x 10(-3)) for each copy of the C allele at rs1333049. In comparison, a meta-analysis of studies in Europeans yielded an odds ratio of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.26 to 1.37) for the same variant (P=1 x 10(-3) for heterogeneity). Meta-analyses of 23 variants, in up to 38,250 cases and 84,820 controls generally yielded higher values in Europeans than in Pakistanis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this study provides the first demonstration that variants at the 9p21 locus are significantly associated with MI risk in Pakistanis. However, association signals at this locus were weaker in Pakistanis than those in European studies.
authors.affiliation: Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan. danish.saleheen@cncdpk.com
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mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010154:Pakistan; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*