Recent innovations in oral contraception.
Traditional forms of oral contraception contain 21 days of hormone-containing pills and 7 days of placebo during the hormone-free interval (HFI). Since 2003, the Food and Drug Administration has approved 24/4, 84/7, and 365-day regimens. These regimens shorten the HFI in an attempt to decrease bleeding and menstrual-associated side effects. Safety and efficacy of these regimens is comparable with traditional 21/7 dosing. Extended regimens are associated with high patient satisfaction. Bleeding patterns are similar or shorter in women using extended regimens, along with improvement in menstrual symptoms. One of the new formulations contains the new progestin drospirenone, which has antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic properties. This review summarizes the data about new formulations of oral contraception available in the United Sates and also provides a summary of the current literature on drospirenone.
Cremer
Miriam
M
Department of OB/GYN, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA. mlcremer@hotmail.com
Phan-Weston
Scarlett
S
Jacobs
Adam
A
D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000517:prevention & control; D000736:Androstenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006628:Hirsutism / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000517:prevention & control; D010060:Ovulation; D011247:Pregnancy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000139:chemically induced; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage
D000736:Androstenes; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; C534342:drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D004958:Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel; C035144:drospirenone