Extraction techniques for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils.
This paper aims to provide a review of the analytical extraction techniques for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils. The extraction technologies described here include Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic and mechanical agitation, accelerated solvent extraction, supercritical and subcritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, solid phase extraction and microextraction, thermal desorption and flash pyrolysis, as well as fluidised-bed extraction. The influencing factors in the extraction of PAHs from soil such as temperature, type of solvent, soil moisture, and other soil characteristics are also discussed. The paper concludes with a review of the models used to describe the kinetics of PAH desorption from soils during solvent extraction.
Lau
E V
EV
Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43500, Malaysia.
Gan
S
S
Ng
H K
HK
Environ Sci Technol. 2001 Jan 15;35(2):427-33
11347621
J Chromatogr A. 2007 Sep 21;1165(1-2):32-8
17714721
J Chromatogr A. 2006 May 26;1116(1-2):20-30
16616759
J Chromatogr A. 2008 May 30;1192(2):203-7
18395735
Chemosphere. 2000 Dec;41(11):1709-16
11057609
Anal Chim Acta. 2007 Oct 29;602(2):211-22
17933606
J Chromatogr A. 2009 May 1;1216(18):4030-9
19285674
J Chromatogr A. 1998 Oct 9;823(1-2):219-30
9818404
J Hazard Mater. 2002 Aug 5;93(3):307-20
12137991
J Biochem Biophys Methods. 2002 Oct-Nov;53(1-3):203-16
12406603
J Chromatogr A. 2000 Sep 8;891(2):275-86
11043788
Chemosphere. 2004 Feb;54(8):1189-97
14664848
Anal Chim Acta. 2006 Jul 28;573-574:181-8
17723522
J Automat Chem. 1988;10(2):88-94
18925193
Sci Total Environ. 2006 May 1;360(1-3):81-9
16213576
Environ Sci Technol. 2001 Nov 15;35(22):4577-83
11757619
J Chromatogr A. 2006 Nov 3;1132(1-2):15-20
16982064
Waste Manag. 2008;28(6):1027-38
17531462
J Chromatogr A. 2003 May 30;999(1-2):175-84
12885062
J Chromatogr A. 2004 Feb 13;1026(1-2):223-9
14763749
J Chromatogr A. 2001 Aug 24;927(1-2):131-41
11572382
J Chromatogr A. 2000 Sep 15;892(1-2):421-33
11045502
J Hazard Mater. 1999 Jun 11;67(2):183-96
10341301
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2007 May 15;309(2):445-52
17306283
Environ Pollut. 2000 Apr;108(1):19-43
15092964
Chemosphere. 2001 Sep;44(7):1641-8
11545529
J Chromatogr A. 2005 Oct 7;1090(1-2):1-9
16196129
Talanta. 2006 Mar 15;69(1):267-75
18970564
J Environ Monit. 1999 Feb;1(1):63-7
11529082
J Chromatogr A. 2008 Nov 14;1210(2):212-21
18922540
J Chromatogr A. 2002 Oct 25;975(1):175-88
12458758