title: Frequency of Hashimoto's thyroiditis antecedents in the history of children and adolescents with graves' disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of Graves' disease (GD) from Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) has sporadically been reported, but no data are available concerning the prevalence of this sequence of events in GD patients. Our aim was to ascertain HT antecedents in the history of GD children in order to assess for the first time the relative frequency of the event sequence leading from HT to GD in a pediatric population.
  In 105/109 patients, no HT antecedents were documented at GD presentation. The remaining 4 patients had previously exhibited a picture of HT with either hypothyroidism or euthyroidism. The interval between HT diagnosis and GD presentation ranged from 1.5 to 2.8 years. Serum thyrotropin receptor antibodies were higher in the patients with no HT antecedents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In at least 3.7% of the children with GD, hyperthyroidism may be preceded by HT presentation with either hypothyroidism or euthyroidism. The clinical course of GD in these patients is not different from the one observed in those with no HT antecedents. Our report confirms the existence of a continuum between HT and GD within the spectrum of autoimmune thyroid diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. wasniewska@yahoo.it
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wasniewska
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corrias
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arrigo
authors.forename: Fortunato
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.forename: Mariacarolina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mussa
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vigone
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Luca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D015995:Prevalence; D011989:Receptors, Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D011989:Receptors, Thyrotropin; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine