title: Multi-detector CT urography: effect of oral hydration and contrast medium volume on renal parenchymal enhancement and urinary tract opacification--a quantitative and qualitative analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of oral hydration and contrast-medium volume on renal enhancement and urinary tract opacification in multi-detector CT urography.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 192 patients were assigned to different protocols with varying doses of contrast agent with and without oral hydration. The attenuation was measured in the renal parenchyma in the unenhanced, nephrographic and excretory phase, and in the urinary tract in excretory phase imaging, respectively. Opacification of the urinary tract was graded on volume rendered images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral hydration did not significantly alter renal parenchymal enhancement in both the nephrographic and the excretory phase (p > 0.001), but significantly decreased mean attenuation of the urinary tract in the excretory phase (p < or = 0.001), and improved continuous opacification of all ureter segments (p < 0.01). Higher volumes of contrast medium improved renal parenchymal enhancement (p < or = 0.001) and continuous opacification of the urinary tract (p < or = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral hydration leads to lower attenuation values in the urinary tract but improves the continuous opacification of the tract. Increase in contrast medium volume leads to higher renal parenchymal enhancement as well as to an increased continuous opacification of the urinary tract. Decrease in contrast medium volume cannot be compensated for by oral hydration in terms of parenchymal enhancement.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostikum Graz-Südwest, Weblinger Gürtel 25, 8054, Graz, Austria. ds@diagnostikum-graz.at
authors.forename: Dieter H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Szolar
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tillich
authors.forename: Klaus W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Preidler
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000187:drug effects*; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014867:Water
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