title: Lack of pneumococcal carriage in the hospitalised elderly.
abstract: There have been few surveys of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis carriage in sick or frail elderly people who, with the very young, comprise the group who are at highest risk for pneumococcal disease. We studied pneumococcal carriage among participants in a pneumococcal immunisation study in the frail elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects aged >or=60 years were recruited from a large tertiary referral hospital in Sydney, Australia. Nose and throat swabs were collected at the time of enrolment and 12 months after immunisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before immunisation, only 1 of 315 participants was identified as a nasal carrier of S. pneumoniae; another was identified as throat carrier of N. meningitidis. None of the participants examined after immunisation was carrying either S. pneumoniae or N. meningitidis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low rate of pneumococcal carriage in this population of hospitalised elderly patients was unexpected. The most likely reason is that long-term carriage is rare in this population and suggests that pneumococcal disease primarily follows recent acquisition of S. pneumoniae types not associated with carriage.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Sydney, NSW, Australia. imanR@chw.edu.au
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ridda
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Macintyre
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lindley
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oftadeh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008589:Meningococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines