Genetic associations in type I interferon related pathways with autoimmunity.
Type I interferons play an outstanding role in innate and adaptive immunity by enhancing functions of dendritic cells, inducing differentiation of monocytes, promoting immunoglobulin class switching in B cells and stimulating effector functions of T cells. The increased production of IFNα/β by plasmacytoid dendritic cells could be responsible for not only efficient antiviral defence, but it also may be a pathological factor in the development of various autoimmune disorders. The first evidence of a genetic link between type I interferons and autoimmune diseases was the observation that elevated IFNα activity is frequently detected in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and that this trait shows high heritability and familial aggregation in their first-degree healthy relatives. To date, a number of genes involved in interferon signalling have been associated with various autoimmune diseases. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, dermatomyositis, psoriasis, and a fraction of patients with rheumatoid arthritis display a specific expression pattern of interferon-dependent genes in their leukocytes, termed the interferon signature. Here, in an attempt to understand the role of type I interferons in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, we review the recent advances in the genetics of autoimmune diseases focusing on the association of genes involved in type I interferon pathways.
Delgado-Vega
Angélica M
AM
Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, Sweden.
Alarcón-Riquelme
Marta E
ME
Kozyrev
Sergey V
SV
D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D020365:RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D007370:Interferon Type I; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta; D020365:RNA Helicases
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