title: The mechanism of liver injury in mice caused by lanthanoids.
abstract: It has been proven that higher dose of lanthanoid (Ln) can induce liver toxicities, but the mechanisms and the molecular pathogenesis are still unclear. In this study, LaCl₃, CeCl₃, and NdCl₃ at a higher dose of 20 mg/kg body weight was injected into the abdominal cavity of ICR mice for 14 consecutive days, and the inflammatory responses of liver of mice were investigated by histopathological test, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The results showed the significant accumulation of Ln in the liver results in liver histopathological changes and, therefore, liver malfunctions. The real-time quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA analyses showed that Ln could significantly alter the mRNA and protein expressions of several inflammatory cytokines, including nucleic factor-κB, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, cross-reaction protein, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10. Our results also implied that the inflammatory responses and liver injury likely are caused by 4f shell and alterable valence properties of Ln-induced liver toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuguan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ze
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Sisi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiuaolan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Yanmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Xiaoyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fashui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002563:Cerium / Q000633:toxicity; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements / Q000633:toxicity*; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009354:Neodymium / Q000633:toxicity; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C028521:lanthanum chloride; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; C053739:neodymium chloride; D009354:Neodymium; D002563:Cerium; D007811:Lanthanum; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C076231:Mif protein, mouse; C026690:cerous chloride