title: Initial response to cigarettes predicts rate of progression to regular smoking: findings from an offspring-of-twins design.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the association between initial subjective effects from cigarettes and the rate of progression from first cigarette to regular smoking. Latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to subjective effects data from 573 offspring of twins ranging in age from 14 to 32 years. LCA revealed four classes: 1) High on both pleasurable and physiological responses, 2) Cough only response, 3) High on physiological, low on pleasurable responses, and 4) High on pleasurable, low on physiological responses. Classes of responses were then used to predict time from first cigarette to the onset of regular smoking in a Cox proportional hazards model. Time-varying covariates representing relevant psychiatric and psychosocial factors as well as dummy variables representing the offspring-of-twins design were included in the model. Members of classes 1 and 4 transitioned more rapidly to regular smoking than the classes characterized as low on the pleasurable response dimension. Our findings provide evidence that previously reported associations between pleasurable initial experiences and progression to regular smoking hold true as well for the rate at which that transition occurs. Furthermore, the fact that profiles of responses did not fall into global categories of exclusively pleasurable vs. exclusively negative (physiological) responses suggests the importance of considering both dimensions in combination to characterize risk for smoking-related outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. sartorc@psychiatry.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Carolyn E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Sartor
authors.forename: Christina N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Lessov-Schlaggar
authors.forename: Jeffrey F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Scherrer
authors.forename: Kathleen K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Bucholz
authors.forename: Pamela A F
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.forename: Michele L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pergadia
authors.forename: Julia D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D012677:Sensation / Q000502:physiology; D035781:Siblings; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D014427:Twins; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Addiction. 2003 Jan;98(1):23-31
references.pmid: 12492752
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2008 Feb;33(2):235-51
references.pmid: 17900819
references.citation: Alcohol Res Health. 2006;29(3):172-8
references.pmid: 17373405
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001 Oct;40(10):1159-67
references.pmid: 11589528
references.citation: Addiction. 2008 Jun;103(6):990-7
references.pmid: 18482422
references.citation: Addiction. 1998 Aug;93(8):1251-60
references.pmid: 9813906
references.citation: Nicotine Tob Res. 2003 Aug;5(4):455-63
references.pmid: 12959783
references.citation: Br J Addict. 1991 May;86(5):589-92
references.pmid: 1859924
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2008 Oct;33(10):1255-66
references.pmid: 18583065
references.citation: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Nov 14;52(45):1096-8
references.pmid: 14614406
references.citation: Behav Genet. 1995 Mar;25(2):161-77
references.pmid: 7733857
references.citation: Clin Genet. 1989 Jun;35(6):423-32
references.pmid: 2736790
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2005 Mar;30(3):607-11
references.pmid: 15718080
references.citation: Addict Behav. 1982;7(1):83-6
references.pmid: 7080890
references.citation: Nicotine Tob Res. 2004 Feb;6(1):119-32
references.pmid: 14982696
references.citation: Addiction. 2001 May;96(5):737-48
references.pmid: 11331032
references.citation: Psychol Med. 1989 Feb;19(1):57-68
references.pmid: 2727211
references.citation: Nicotine Tob Res. 2003 Aug;5(4):553-9
references.pmid: 12959793
references.citation: J Subst Abuse. 1993;5(3):221-46
references.pmid: 8312729
references.citation: Public Health Rep. 1990 Jul-Aug;105(4):368-73
references.pmid: 2116638
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2007 Oct;120(4):e974-83
references.pmid: 17908753
references.citation: Twin Res. 2004 Feb;7(1):82-97
references.pmid: 15053857
references.citation: J Health Soc Behav. 1998 Sep;39(3):254-69
references.pmid: 9785697
references.citation: Aust N Z J Public Health. 2000 Dec;24(6):596-602
references.pmid: 11215007
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2004 Jul;34(5):865-79
references.pmid: 15500307
references.citation: Twin Res. 2001 Apr;4(2):103-18
references.pmid: 11665331
references.citation: Addiction. 1998 Apr;93(4):595-9
references.pmid: 9684398
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2004 Feb;29(2):261-72
references.pmid: 14732415
references.citation: Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma). 1987;36(1):61-6
references.pmid: 3673478
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009 Nov 1;105(1-2):76-82
references.pmid: 19628344
references.citation: Addiction. 1999 Sep;94(9):1361-70
references.pmid: 10615721
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002 Jul;41(7):799-805
references.pmid: 12108804
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2006 Feb;96(2):299-308
references.pmid: 16380569
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2005 Sep;30(8):1574-86
references.pmid: 16122618
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Nov 2;91(1):26-39
references.pmid: 17553635
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Oct;156(10):1515-21
references.pmid: 10518160
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005 Apr 4;78(1):101-8
references.pmid: 15769563
references.citation: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2005;14(3):119-29
references.pmid: 16389888
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000 May 1;59 Suppl 1:S41-60
references.pmid: 10773437
references.citation: Addiction. 1997 Oct;92(10):1277-87
references.pmid: 9489045
references.citation: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007 Jul;161(7):704-10
references.pmid: 17606835
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993 Oct;61(5):723-31
references.pmid: 8245270
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2001 Nov 1;64(3):319-27
references.pmid: 11672946
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Oct;62(10):1142-7
references.pmid: 16203959
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 1994 Mar;55(2):149-58
references.pmid: 8189735
references.citation: Psychol Med. 1999 Mar;29(2):299-308
references.pmid: 10218922