Evolution of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a fish rhabdovirus, in Europe over 20 years: implications for control.
The fish pathogenic rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) causes substantial losses in European aquaculture. IHNV was first detected in Europe in 1987 and has since undergone considerable spread. Phylogenetic analyses of the full G-gene sequences of 73 isolates obtained from 4 countries in Europe (France, n = 18; Italy, 9; Switzerland, 4; Germany, 42) enable determination of the evolution of the virus in Europe since the first detection, and identification of characteristic changes within the G-genes of European strains. Further, the database allows us to analyse the pathways of distribution in Europe over time. The results suggest that in most of the recent cases, spread of IHNV was related to trade of infected fish. The data further demonstrate that knowledge of the sequence is required to determine the source of infections in farms.
Enzmann
Peter-Joachim
PJ
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. peter-joachim.enzmann@fli.bund.de
Castric
Jeannette
J
Bovo
Giuseppe
G
Thiery
Richard
R
Fichtner
Dieter
D
Schütze
Heike
H
Wahli
Thomas
T
D000818:Animals; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D005399:Fishes; D010802:Phylogeny; D012209:Rhabdoviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*