title: Hematuria in patients with Beta-thalassemia major.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our information about renal involvement in beta-thalassemia major is limited. Recently, few studies have reported proteinuria, hypercalcuria, phosphaturia, and oversecretion of tubular damage markers; however, hematuria has not yet been meticulously studied in these patients. We investigated hematuria in patients with beta-thalassemia major.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinalysis was performed in 500 patients with beta-thalassemia major under a regular blood transfusion program. In those with hematuria (at least 3 to 5 erythrocytes per high-power field) a second urinalysis was done at the next transfusion time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients ranged in age from 6 months to 32 years. The male-female ratio was 1.05:1. Hematuria was detected in 55 (10.6%), including 9.8% of those younger than 20 years and 20.0% of those older than 20 years. Hematuria was persistent in 79.2% of the second urinalyses. Sixty-four percent of the patients with hematuria were females. A blood transfusion program had been started during the first year of life in 81% percent of the patients with hematuria. Sterile pyuria was detected in 4% and proteinuria in 16% of the patients with hematuria, while these figures in patients without hematuria were 2.1% (P = .56) and 1.4% (P = .002), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that in patients with beta-thalassemia major, the risk of hematuria rises with age. Moreover, proteinuria seems to be more common in those with hematuria. Further studies are needed to ascertain the importance of these findings.
authors.affiliation: Shiraz Nephro-urology Research Center and Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fallahzadeh
authors.forename: Mohammad Kazem
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Fallahzadeh
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahriari
authors.forename: Shervin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rastegar
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Derakhshan
authors.forename: Mohammad Amin
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fallahzadeh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology; D011776:Pyuria / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000150:complications*