title: Formaldehyde-releasers: relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy. Formaldehyde-releasers in clothes: durable press chemical finishes. Part 1.
abstract: This is one of a series of review articles on formaldehyde-releasers and their relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy and in this paper formaldehyde-releasers used as durable press chemical finishes (DPCF) in textiles are discussed. The literature on allergy to DPCF since 1980 is presented in two parts. Part 1 (this article) presents a short historical overview of the problems with formaldehyde in clothes and discusses the chemistry of durable press chemical finishes, legislation in various countries, and studies on the amount of formaldehyde present in clothes. In addition, the DPCF that have caused contact allergy are presented with CAS, synonyms, molecular formula, chemical structure, applications, and patch test studies. In the forthcoming part 2, the frequency of sensitization to DPCF, occupational contact sensitization, relevance of patch test reactions, and relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy will be reviewed, followed by a discussion of both parts of the article together.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. antondegroot@planet.nl
authors.forename: Anton C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: Christophe J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Le Coz
authors.forename: Gerda J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lensen
authors.forename: Mari-Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Flyvholm
authors.forename: Howard I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Maibach
authors.forename: Pieter-Jan
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Coenraads
mesh_terms: D003020:Clothing; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry / Q000266:history / Q000633:toxicity*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010328:Patch Tests; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D005557:Formaldehyde; D014508:Urea