title: Glucose-6-phosphate mediates activation of the carbohydrate responsive binding protein (ChREBP).
abstract: Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a Mondo family transcription factor that activates a number of glycolytic and lipogenic genes in response to glucose stimulation. We have previously reported that high glucose can activate the transcriptional activity of ChREBP independent of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-mediated increase in nuclear entry and DNA binding. Here, we found that formation of glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) is essential for glucose activation of ChREBP. The glucose response of GAL4-ChREBP is attenuated by D-mannoheptulose, a potent hexokinase inhibitor, as well as over-expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase); kinetics of activation of GAL4-ChREBP can be modified by exogenously expressed GCK. Further metabolism of G-6-P through the two major glucose metabolic pathways, glycolysis and pentose-phosphate pathway, is not required for activation of ChREBP; over-expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) diminishes, whereas RNAi knockdown of the enzyme enhances, the glucose response of GAL4-ChREBP, respectively. Moreover, the glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), which is phosphorylated by hexokinase, but not further metabolized, effectively upregulates the transcription activity of ChREBP. In addition, over-expression of phosphofructokinase (PFK) 1 and 2, synergistically diminishes the glucose response of GAL4-ChREBP. These multiple lines of evidence support the conclusion that G-6-P mediates the activation of ChREBP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Ming V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Weiqin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Romain N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Harmancey
authors.forename: Alli M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nuotio-Antar
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Pradip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taegtmeyer
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D002460:Cell Line; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006019:Glycolysis; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010732:Phosphofructokinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D025481:Phosphofructokinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; C506001:Mlxipl protein, mouse; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D025481:Phosphofructokinase-2; D010732:Phosphofructokinase-1
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