title: Fluorescent n-3 and n-6 very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: three-photon imaging in living cells expressing liver fatty acid-binding protein.
abstract: Despite the considerable beneficial effects of n-3 and n-6 very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs), very little is known about the factors that regulate their uptake and intracellular distribution in living cells. This issue was addressed in cells expressing liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) by real time multiphoton laser scanning microscopy of novel fluorescent VLC-PUFAs containing a conjugated tetraene fluorophore near the carboxyl group and natural methylene-interrupted n-3 or n-6 grouping. The fluorescent VLC-PUFAs mimicked many properties of their native nonfluorescent counterparts, including uptake, distribution, and metabolism in living cells. The unesterified fluorescent VLC-PUFAs distributed either equally in nuclei versus cytoplasm (22-carbon n-3 VLC-PUFA) or preferentially to cytoplasm (20-carbon n-3 and n-6 VLC-PUFAs). L-FABP bound fluorescent VLC-PUFA with affinity and specificity similar to their nonfluorescent natural counterparts. Regarding n-3 and n-6 VLC-PUFA, L-FABP expression enhanced uptake into the cell and cytoplasm, selectively altered the pattern of fluorescent n-6 and n-3 VLC-PUFA distribution in cytoplasm versus nuclei, and preferentially distributed fluorescent VLC-PUFA into nucleoplasm versus nuclear envelope, especially for the 22-carbon n-3 VLC-PUFA, correlating with its high binding by L-FABP. Multiphoton laser scanning microscopy data showed for the first time VLC-PUFA in nuclei of living cells and suggested a model, whereby L-FABP facilitated VLC-PUFA targeting to nuclei by enhancing VLC-PUFA uptake and distribution into the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, TexasA&MUniversity, Texas Veterinary Medical Center, College Station, Texas 77843-4466, USA.
authors.forename: Avery L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Barbara P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Atshaves
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wellberg
authors.forename: Dmitry V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Kuklev
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Ann B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kier
authors.forename: Friedhelm
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schroeder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D017785:Photons; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
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