title: Ambulation of people with lower-limb amputations: relationship between capacity and performance measures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between measures of ambulation capacity obtained in a clinical setting and measures of ambulation performance in the community, and to explore what demographic and clinical variables influence ambulation performance in people with lower-limb amputations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, correlational and descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rehabilitation center and participants' homes and community environments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling people (N=52) with lower-limb amputations at the unilateral transfemoral (n=16), unilateral transtibial (n=30), and bilateral transtibial (n=6) levels. All had been fit with prostheses for over 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures of ambulation capacity were the Locomotor Capabilities Index version 5, the 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), and the Timed Up and Go Test. Measures of ambulation performance included a commercially available step activity monitor (SAM; steps per day, minutes active per day, peak activity index) and self-reported performance with the Activity Restriction subscales of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales (TAPES).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most relationships among capacity and performance measures were in the moderate to high range (Spearman correlation coefficients, rho=.41-.78, P<.05). The highest correlation coefficient was between the 2MWT and SAM peak activity index (rho=.78, P=.000). A multivariate analysis found the 2MWT was significantly related to increased performance as measured by SAM mean steps per day (P=.026) and TAPES (P=.016). Depressive symptoms were also a significant predictor (P=.003) of decreased performance (TAPES).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 2MWT, a measure of ambulation capacity, correlates well with most SAM measures of ambulation performance. Exploratory regression analysis indicated that the 2MWT is related to ambulation performance, while depression is only related to self-reported performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4K4. kim.parker@cdha.nshealth.ca
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: R Lee
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adderson
authors.forename: Kara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016138:Walking