title: Volunteering in later life: research frontiers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review summarizes the current knowledge about volunteering in later life and suggests 5 research questions at the forefront of knowledge development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of volunteering do not decline significantly until the middle of the 7th decade, and older volunteers commit more hours than younger volunteers. Older adults with more human and social capital tend to volunteer, and there is good evidence of a reciprocal relationship between volunteering and well-being. Program and policy developments in the field are outstripping production of knowledge to support evidence-based practices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Research on the dynamics of volunteering over the life course as well as the patterns of activities that co-occur with volunteering is needed to guide program development. Research methods and findings from transdisciplinary work on the mechanisms through which psychosocial conditions affect health must be extended to the study of the effects of volunteering on older adults. Finally, we need to engage in more applied social science aimed at improving volunteer management, especially recruitment and retention of older volunteers.
authors.affiliation: George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA. morrow-howell@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morrow-Howell
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D035843:Biomedical Research; D006801:Humans / Q000523:psychology; D008603:Mental Health; D012919:Social Behavior; D014838:Volunteers / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology