title: Molecular characterization of invasive subpopulations from an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Once diagnosed, esophageal cancer has a very low overall 5-year survival rate. This study investigates the mechanisms behind the invasiveness and severity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Transwell invasion chamber was used to subdivide one Taiwanese ESCC cell line, CE81T/VGH, into sublines (CE81T-0, CE81T-1, CE81T-2, CE81T-3, and CE81T-4) in four rounds of assays; the most invasive were identified, and various factors related to their invasiveness measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CE81T-1, CE81T-2, CE81T-3 and CE81T-4 sublines were significantly more invasive than the parental cells (CE81T/VGH) and CE81T-0 subline. CE81T-1 and CE81T-4, the sublines we chose to study further, had significantly greater colony-forming ability (3.5- to 2.7-fold) and wound migrating activity (1.95- to 2.6-fold) than the parental cells in vitro (p<0.01). They also displayed greater tumorigenesis in immunodeficient BALB/c Foxlnn mice than the parental cells. We found an inverse correlation between expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 and invasive ability, and a significant positive correlation between expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-1, vimentin, and p-Src (pY416) in these cell lines and their invasiveness (all p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The subline model may be used to study the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the invasion and metastasis of ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC. 960021@ms.kmuh.org.tw
authors.forename: Yu-Kuei
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wun-Shaing Wayne
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: I-Chen
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ling-Hui
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sheau-Fang
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jeff Yi-Fu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ming-Chung
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Shih-Hsien
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Deng-Chyang
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jang-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chun-Hsiung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yih-Gang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Goan
authors.forename: Shah-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Chia-Tsuan
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ming-Tsang
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014746:Vimentin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014746:Vimentin; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1