title: Risk Factors for contrast-related acute kidney injury according to risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage criteria in patients with coronary interventions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although a series of risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy are known, data on significance of some of the risk factors such as age, sex, hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia, and dose of contrast medium are inconsistent. Our aim was to identify risk factors for contrast-related acute kidney injury (AKI).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 290 consecutive patients with a serum creatinine level lower than 3 mg/dL undergoing percutaneous angiography were analyzed. Contrast-related AKI was evaluated using the risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage (RIFLE) criteria, and its correlation with clinical and laboratory data of the patients was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrast-related AKI was found in 15.5% of the patients, with a maximum RIFLE category (risk in 13.8%, injury in 1.4%, and failure in 0.3%). Serum creatinine level, contrast volume, safe contrast volume factor, diabetes mellitus, and dehydration were significantly associated with contrast-related AKI. Age, sex, and serum uric acid level did not differ significantly between those with and without contrast-related AKI. Multiple logistic regression analysis disclosed diabetes mellitus to be the strongest predictor for being at risk of contrast-related AKI (odds ratio, 5.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 11.0; P = .001), followed by hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio, 4.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 8.3; P = .03), and an estimated glomerular filtration rate lower than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 5.7; P = .003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and underlying chronic kidney disease are the major factors of contrast-related AKI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. snurc@sums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pakfetrat
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nikoo
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malekmakan
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabande
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roozbeh
authors.forename: Ganbarali
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reisjalali
authors.forename: Najaf
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zare
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khajedehi
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003681:Dehydration; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003404:Creatinine