The mechanism of liver injury in mice caused by lanthanoids.
It has been proven that higher dose of lanthanoid (Ln) can induce liver toxicities, but the mechanisms and the molecular pathogenesis are still unclear. In this study, LaCl₃, CeCl₃, and NdCl₃ at a higher dose of 20 mg/kg body weight was injected into the abdominal cavity of ICR mice for 14 consecutive days, and the inflammatory responses of liver of mice were investigated by histopathological test, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The results showed the significant accumulation of Ln in the liver results in liver histopathological changes and, therefore, liver malfunctions. The real-time quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA analyses showed that Ln could significantly alter the mRNA and protein expressions of several inflammatory cytokines, including nucleic factor-κB, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, cross-reaction protein, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10. Our results also implied that the inflammatory responses and liver injury likely are caused by 4f shell and alterable valence properties of Ln-induced liver toxicity.
Fei
Min
M
Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
Li
Na
N
Ze
Yuguan
Y
Liu
Jie
J
Wang
Sisi
S
Gong
Xiuaolan
X
Duan
Yanmei
Y
Zhao
Xiaoyang
X
Wang
Han
H
Hong
Fashui
F
D000818:Animals; D002563:Cerium / Q000633:toxicity; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements / Q000633:toxicity*; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009354:Neodymium / Q000633:toxicity; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C028521:lanthanum chloride; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; C053739:neodymium chloride; D009354:Neodymium; D002563:Cerium; D007811:Lanthanum; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C076231:Mif protein, mouse; C026690:cerous chloride