title: Intra- and inter-operator repeatability of myocardial blood flow and myocardial flow reserve measurements using rubidium-82 pet and a highly automated analysis program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Changes in myocardial blood flow between rest and stress states are commonly used to diagnose coronary artery disease. Relative myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is used routinely while myocardial blood flow quantification (MBF) may improve the sensitivity for detection of early disease. The ratio of flow at stress and rest (S/R) and their difference (S-R) have both been proposed as a means to detect regions with reduced myocardial flow reserve (MFR). In this study, we describe a highly automated method to calculate regional and global rest, stress, S/R, and S-R polar maps of the left ventricle myocardium.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the inter- and intra-operator variability using two randomized datasets (n = 30 each) for each of two operators (novice and expert) with correlation and Bland-Altman reproducibility coefficient (RPC%) analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S-R MBF had less inter-operator dependent variability than S/R (RPC% = 5.0% vs 12.6%, P < .001). While there was no difference in intra-operator variability with S-R MBF (novice vs expert RPC% = 6.4% vs 5.9%, P = ns), variability was higher in the novice-operator for S/R (RPC% = 16.8% vs 8.5% respectively, P < .001), suggesting that S-R may be preferred for detecting small changes in MFR. The novice operator's intervention pattern became more similar to that of the expert in the later dataset, emphasizing the need for adequate training and quality assurance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method results in low operator-dependent variability, suitable for routine use.
authors.affiliation: University of Ottawa Heart Institute, National Cardiac PET Centre, 40 Ruskin St., Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Renaud
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ziadi
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Thorn
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Rob S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Beanlands
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: deKemp
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D053805:Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015588:Observer Variation; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012414:Rubidium Radioisotopes; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012414:Rubidium Radioisotopes
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