title: RhoA/ROCK signaling is essential for multiple aspects of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis.
abstract: The small GTPase RhoA and its downstream effectors, ROCK1 and ROCK2, regulate a number of cellular processes, including cell motility, proliferation, survival, and permeability. Pharmacological inhibitors of the Rho pathway reportedly block angiogenesis; however, the molecular details of this inhibition are largely unknown. We demonstrate that vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) rapidly induces RhoA activation in endothelial cells (ECs). Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition of ROCK1/2 using 10 microM Y-27632 (the IC(50) for this compound in ECs) strongly disrupts vasculogenesis in pluripotent embryonic stem cell cultures, VEGF-mediated regenerative angiogenesis in ex vivo retinal explants, and VEGF-mediated in vitro EC tube formation. Furthermore, using small interfering RNA knockdown and mouse heterozygote knockouts of ROCK1 and ROCK2, we provide data indicating that VEGF-driven angiogenesis is largely mediated through ROCK2. These data demonstrate that Rho/ROCK signaling is an important mediator in a number of angiogenic processes, including EC migration, survival, and cell permeability, and suggest that Rho/ROCK inhibition may prove useful for the treatment of angiogenesis-related disorders.
authors.affiliation: Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford St., Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Brad A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dennstedt
authors.forename: Dianne C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Tony E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Walshe
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loureiro
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saint-Geniez
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Campaigniac
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: D'Amore
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D011725:Pyridines; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C108830:Y 27632; C515854:Rock1 protein, mouse; C515855:Rock2 protein, mouse; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
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