title: Behaviour of multipotent maxillary bone-derived cells on beta-tricalcium phosphate and highly porous bovine bone mineral.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to test the applicability of multipotent maxillary cells (MMC) for cell therapy concepts and to evaluate their in vitro behaviour on two different bone substitutes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells isolated from maxillary bone from 10 donors were expanded using media containing human platelet lysate (HPL) replacing foetal bovine serum and differentiated towards both the osteogenic and the adipogenic lineage. Surface markers were determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Calcium deposits, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) were used as biomarkers of osteogenic differentiation. Oil Red O was used to verify adipogenic differentiation. The osteogenic lineage and undifferentiated controls were further cultured on natural bone mineral of bovine origin (BioOss) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (Vitoss) scaffolds. Scaffold efficacy and cell migration were evaluated with live cell imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isolated cells presented characteristics of bone marrow (BM)-stromal cells and could easily be expanded to clinical scales. Cells expressed osteogenic and adipogenic markers when cultured with inductive media. There were no obvious differences in cell migration and growth behaviour between the two bone substitutes, but significantly higher OC expression was observed on BioOss scaffolds. Both osteogenically differentiated and undifferentiated cell lines expressed ALP activity on the scaffolds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isolated maxillary cells demonstrate multipotent in vitro characteristics comparable with those of BM-stromal cells. HPL can predictably be used for clinical-scale expansion of MMCs. Both grafting materials provide potential carrier characteristics when loaded with MMCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery and Radiology, Dental School, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Payer
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lohberger
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stadelmeyer
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bartmann
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Windhager
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jakse
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001792:Blood Platelets; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000166:cytology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010012:Osteogenesis; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C077540:Bio-Oss; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D008903:Minerals; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase