title: The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder among adult earthquake survivors in Peru.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to assess the relationships between PTSD and demographic and disaster-related factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five months after a magnitude 8.0 earthquake struck the city of Pisco, Peru, we conducted a cross-sectional study using demographic questions, the PTSD Checklist, and a translated version of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. We used stratified sampling to randomly enroll subjects in Pisco and its annexes. We then used bivariate and multivariate analyses to find correlations between PTSD and demographic and disaster-related factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We interviewed 298 adult earthquake survivors and detected 75 cases of PTSD (prevalence 25.2%; 95% confidence interval, 20.2%-30.1%). In the bivariate analysis, PTSD was significantly associated with female sex, loss of church, food and water shortages immediately after the earthquake, joblessness, injuries, loss of a relative or friend, lack of clean drinking water or appropriate sleeping conditions 5 months after the earthquake, and low levels of perceived support from family and friends. In the multivariate analysis, only female sex, food and water shortages, loss of church, injuries, and low levels of perceived support from family and friends were independently associated with PTSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTSD affected about a quarter of Pisco's population. Its impact was moderate to severe when compared with other disasters worldwide and in Latin America.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. javier.cairolavado@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Javier B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Cairo
authors.forename: Suparna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: Haq
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nawaz
authors.forename: Shahrukh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashmi
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasl
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bellido
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057189:Checklist; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004190:Disasters; D055866:Earthquakes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*