title: Central infusion of leptin improves insulin resistance and suppresses beta-cell function, but not beta-cell mass, primarily through the sympathetic nervous system in a type 2 diabetic rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether hypothalamic leptin alters beta-cell function and mass directly via the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) or indirectly as the result of altered insulin resistant states.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 90% pancreatectomized male Sprague Dawley rats had sympathectomy into the pancreas by applying phenol into the descending aorta (SNSX) or its sham operation (Sham). Each group was divided into two sections, receiving either leptin at 300ng/kgbw/h or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) via intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion for 3h as a short-term study. After finishing the infusion study, ICV leptin (3mug/kg bw/day) or ICV aCSF (control) was infused in rats fed 30 energy % fat diets by osmotic pump for 4weeks. At the end of the long-term study, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and islet morphometry were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute ICV leptin administration in Sham rats, but not in SNSX rats, suppressed the first- and second-phase insulin secretion at hyperglycemic clamp by about 48% compared to the control. Regardless of SNSX, the 4-week administration of ICV leptin improved glucose tolerance during oral glucose tolerance tests and insulin sensitivity at hyperglycemic clamp, compared to the control, while it suppressed second-phase insulin secretion in Sham rats but not in SNSX rats. However, the pancreatic beta-cell area and mass were not affected by leptin and SNSX, though ICV leptin decreased individual beta-cell size and concomitantly increased beta-cell apoptosis in Sham rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leptin directly decreases insulin secretion capacity mainly through the activation of SNS without modulating pancreatic beta-cell mass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea. smpark@hoseo.edu <smpark@hoseo.edu>
authors.forename: Sunmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Il Sung
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Da Sol
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D020738:Leptin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013563:Sympathectomy, Chemical; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin