title: Intima-media thickness of common carotid and brachial arteries and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 are associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between intima-media thickness of brachial and common carotid arteries and factors of the coagulation- and fibrinolysis-system with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with a previous myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty three patients, men (76%) and women (24%) aged between 32 and 81 years with a history of previous acute myocardial infarction were included. B-mode ultrasound of common carotid and brachial arteries and echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) were evaluated. Factors of the coagulation- and fibrinolysis-system were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with previous myocardial infarction, late diastolic filling time was significantly and positively associated with log Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (P < 0.001) and with calculated intima-media area (cIMa) of the both common carotid and brachial arteries (P < 0.05). Mitral early-to-late flow velocity ratio (E/A) was significantly and negatively associated with log Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (P < 0.001), total cholesterol and cIMa of the both common carotid and brachial arteries (P < 0.05). Moreover both late diastolic filling time and mitral E/A correlated significantly with age and systolic blood pressure. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, log Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 remained the only variable with independent significant correlation to late diastolic filling time and mitral E/A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a population sample of patients with myocardial infarction, late diastolic filling time and mitral E/A were associated with cIMa of common carotid and brachial arteries, systolic blood pressure, and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, suggesting a relationship between diastolic dysfunction, thrombin generation and atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. loghman.henareh@karolinska.se
authors.forename: Loghman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Henareh
authors.forename: Jedefors
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Camilla
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jogestrand
authors.forename: Lars-Ake
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brodin
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agewall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D011516:Prothrombin; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; C029733:prothrombin fragment 1; C044183:prothrombin fragment 2; D011516:Prothrombin