title: Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Cardiac Abnormalities: Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy or Neurogenic Stunned Myocardium? a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac abnormalities can be seen with subarachnoid hemorrhage. To date, there have been isolated case reports of transient left ventricular apical ballooning cardiomyopathy, also known as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  An adult female was brought to the emergency department with somnolence. A 3 x 3 mm ruptured basilar aneurysm was found and successfully embolized. Two days after the patient developed acute heart failure. Troponin-I was elevated to 4.2 (normal <0.4). On ECG, new symmetric T wave inversion in V3, V4, V5 with prolonged QT were evident. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed severe systolic dysfunction with an ejection fraction of 20% and akinetic apex along with the distal left ventricular segments, consistent with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Myocardial contrast echocardiography showed a decrease in capillary blood flow and volume in the akinetic areas with delayed contrast replenishment, sparing the basal segments. A repeat study 2 weeks later showed near normalization of the perfusion parameters. The patient improved with medical management. A repeat echocardiogram, a month later revealed an ejection fraction of 45% with no identifiable wall motion abnormality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our case, as well as others reported previously, supports the diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage who fulfill the clinical and imaging description of this syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan,48201, USA. drcarlosfranco@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khaled
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Afonso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raufi
references.citation: Internist (Berl). 2007 Oct;48(10):1151-6
references.pmid: 17726595
references.citation: Circulation. 2006 Apr 11;113(14):1807-16
references.pmid: 16567565
references.citation: Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2004 Feb;44(2):72-4
references.pmid: 15018327
references.citation: J Cardiol. 2006 May;47(5):245-54
references.pmid: 16764331
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2007 Aug;8(8):636-8
references.pmid: 17667038
references.citation: Stroke. 2007 Dec;38(12):3292-5
references.pmid: 17947597