title: Total extract and standardized fraction from the stem bark of Butea monosperma have osteoprotective action: evidence for the nonestrogenic osteogenic effect of the standardized fraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the skeletal effects of Butea total extract (BTE) and its acetone soluble fraction (ASF) from Butea monosperma, which is rich in methoxyisoflavones, in ovariectomized (OVx) rats, a model for postmenopausal bone loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  BTE (1.0 g kg d) and ASF (100 mg kg d) were given orally for 12 weeks to adult OVx rats. The sham-operated and ovariectomy + vehicle groups served as controls. Bone mineral density, osteoid formation (mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate), bone microarchitecture, and bone turnover/resorption markers were studied. Phytoestrogens in rats given BTE and ASF were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. One-way analysis of variance was used to test significance of effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OVx rats treated with either BTE or ASF exhibited increased bone mineral density in trabecular bones and improved trabecular microarchitecture compared with the ovariectomy + vehicle group. ASF treatment was more efficient than BTE treatment in maintaining trabecular microarchitecture. Serum osteocalcin and urinary type 1 collagen levels in OVx rats treated with either BTE or ASF were significantly lower than those of the ovariectomy + vehicle group. ASF treatment led to increased mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate compared with ovariectomy + vehicle, whereas BTE had no such effect. In the uterotropic assay, BTE was mildly estrogenic in adult OVx rats. In immature rats, BTE exhibited both estrogenicity and antiestrogenicity. ASF had neither uterine estrogenicity nor antiestrogenicity. Analysis of phytoestrogens revealed significant enrichment of cladrin, isoformononetin, and medicarpin in ASF over BTE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Derived from B monosperma, ASF at a 10-fold lower dose than that of BTE was effective in preventing OVx-induced bone loss and stimulated new-bone formation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Abnish K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.forename: Biju
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhargavan
authors.forename: Ritu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Swarnkar
authors.forename: Geet K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Nagar
authors.forename: Dinesh K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Manmeet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manickavasagam
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maurya
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Girish K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Naibedya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D031290:Butea; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D007529:Isoflavones; D010936:Plant Extracts