Associations of energy intake and type 2 diabetes with hypertryglyceridemia in older adults living in the Mediterranean islands: the MEDIS study.
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the associations of bio-clinical, dietary, and other lifestyle characteristics with the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia among older individuals living in the Mediterranean islands. Information was collected for an extensive array of demographic, bio-clinical, and dietary characteristics, including serum lipids, body weight and height, and food group and nutrient information derived from a food frequency questionnaire. Serum lipid analyses showed that 37% and 35% of males and females, respectively, had elevated triglyceride (TG) levels. After adjustment for a variety of potential confounders, including age, gender, hypertension, physical activity, smoking, and energy consumption, individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) had a 112% higher likelihood of hypertriglyceridemia (95% CI 1.28-3.51). When reported energy intake was quantified in tertiles of consumption, those in the highest tertile (i.e., intakes > 1300 kcal) had a 156% higher (p < 0.01) likelihood of having hypertriglyceridemia compared to the lowest tertile (i.e., <1000 kcal). Analysis by gender showed that energy intake did not predict hypertriglyceridemia in females (p = 0.31) or in those who were normal weight (p = 0.16) or overweight (p = 0.96). However, in males (odds ratio per 1 kcal = 1.001, 95% CI 1.000-1.002) and obese participants (odds ratio per 1 kcal = 1.001, 95% CI 1.000-1.002), excess energy consumption was associated with elevated TG. In conclusion, we found that a considerable proportion of the older adults living in the Mediterranean islands and participating in this study had elevated TG levels. Furthermore, the energy intake and a finding of T2D were positively associated with occurrence of hypertriglyceridemia.
Tyrovolas
Stefanos
S
Department of Nutrition Science-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Pounis
George
G
Zeimbekis
Akis
A
Antonopoulou
Mary
M
Bountziouka
Vassiliki
V
Gotsis
Efthimios
E
Metallinos
George
G
Polystipioti
Anna
A
Polychronopoulos
Evangelos
E
Lionis
Christos
C
Panagiotakos
Demosthenes B
DB
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008521:Mediterranean Islands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
D014280:Triglycerides