title: [Management of distal ureter in laparoscopic nephroureterectomy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephroureterectomy is one of the procedures for which a laparoscopic approach is more clearly indicated. However, despite the long experience available, management of the distal ureter is still difficult.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two laparoscopic nephroureterectomies were performed from November 2004 to December 2008. The procedure used was endoscopic resection of distal ureter and earlier ligation of the ureter in the laparoscopic time in 13 patients, a laparoscopic bladder cuff in 13 patients, and an open bladder cuff in 3 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean operating time was 221.53 min (125-315 min), and mean postoperative stay of 27 patients was 4.6 days. Conversion to open surgery and discontinuation of the procedure for local tumor progression were required in one patient each. Mean patient follow-up was 17.8 months. No local relapse or metastasis occurred in the ports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common procedures continue to be endoscopic resection and the open bladder cuff depending on indication. Any laparoscopic approach to upper urothelial tumors must strictly comply with oncological principles. The reported procedure is in our experience the fastest, most simple, and most effective for this purpose. In our opinion, the therapeutic algorithm provided is adequate for management of the distal ureter in laparoscopic nephroureterectomy.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España. gavelos@terra.es
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alonso Y Gregorio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monasterio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Girón
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rando
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabernero
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cisneros
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: de la Peña
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012092:Replantation / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery