title: Added value of contrast-enhanced CISS imaging in relation to conventional MR images for the evaluation of intracavernous cranial nerve lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The normal cranial nerves (CNs) of the cavernous sinus can be clearly demonstrated using contrast-enhanced constructive interference in steady-state (CISS) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study used the method to evaluate pathological CNs III, IV, V(1), V(2), and VI in cavernous sinuses affected by inflammatory and neoplastic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  MR images from 17 patients with diseases involving the cavernous sinuses and/or causing neuropathy in CNs III-VI were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into inflammatory (n=11) and neoplastic (n=6) groups. We defined CNs as abnormal when they exhibited enlargement or enhancement. CNs were evaluated using both contrast-enhanced CISS and T1-weighted MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the inflammatory group, abnormal CNs were identified by contrast-enhanced CISS MRI in 13 of 25 symptomatic CNs (52%) in eight patients, but in only two CNs (8%) in two patients by contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI. In the neoplastic group, both sequences of contrast-enhanced CISS and T1-weighted MRI detected abnormalities in the same three of eight symptomatic CNs (37.5%), i.e., the three CNs were all in the same patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrast-enhanced CISS MRI is useful for detecting CN abnormalities in inflammatory pathological conditions of the cavernous sinuses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amanuma
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000294:innervation* / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
references.citation: Headache. 1999 May;39(5):321-5
references.pmid: 11279911
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1991 Jan-Feb;12(1):182-3
references.pmid: 1899508
references.citation: Eur Neurol. 1993;33(5):393-6
references.pmid: 8243518
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1985 May;144(5):1009-14
references.pmid: 3872556
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005 Apr;26(4):946-50
references.pmid: 15814950
references.citation: Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2002 Aug;10(3):415-31, v
references.pmid: 12530227
references.citation: J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1999 Mar-Apr;23(2):224-31
references.pmid: 10096329
references.citation: Eur J Radiol. 2003 Feb;45(2):83-90
references.pmid: 12536085
references.citation: Eur Radiol. 2003 Jan;13(1):17-28
references.pmid: 12541106
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988 Nov;151(5):1009-14
references.pmid: 3262998
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1993 Jan-Feb;14(1):47-57
references.pmid: 8427111
references.citation: Eur J Radiol. 2004 Sep;51(3):209-17
references.pmid: 15294327
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990 Jan;154(1):167-70
references.pmid: 2104703
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003 Aug;181(2):583-90
references.pmid: 12876052
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008 Jan;29(1):130-3
references.pmid: 17974619
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1989 Nov-Dec;10(6):1181-4
references.pmid: 2512779
references.citation: Cephalalgia. 1999 Dec;19 Suppl 25:36-8
references.pmid: 10668118
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1995 Apr;16(4 Suppl):942-4
references.pmid: 7611080