title: Determination of adhesion between single Aspergillus niger spores in aqueous solutions using an atomic force microscope.
abstract: The interaction force between single cells in contact is of high interest in various interdisciplinary fields of biotechnology, for instance, in cultivation or biofilm formation. A method for the determination of adhesion forces between two single Aspergillus niger spores in different aqueous solutions was established in this study. Adhesion force distributions were determined at three different sodium chloride concentrations and two different pH values using an atomic force microscope (AFM). It was pointed out that adhesion data can be described by log-normal density functions, of which corresponding parameters have been estimated. Using the knowledge of distribution shape, the influence of the environmental condition on the mean values of adhesion force could be studied quantitatively. The highest value of 0.95 nN was observed at pH 2.5 and an ionic strength of 0.5 mol L(-1). Decreasing the ionic strength to 0.05 mol L(-1) decreases the adhesion force mean for about 25%. Increasing the pH value to pH 5 at a sodium chloride concentration of 0.154 mol L(-1) entails a decrease of adhesion from 0.88 to 0.56 nN. These results qualitatively agree with the absolute value of the expected surface potential of Aspergillus niger spores, which is much higher at pH 5 and should take more effect at lower concentrations of counterions.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Partikeltechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Strasse 5, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany. a.wargenau@tu-bs.de
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wargenau
authors.forename: Arno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kwade
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties