Current developments in salivary diagnostics.
Salivary diagnostics is an emerging field that has progressed through several important developments in the past decade, including the publication of the human salivary proteome and the infusion of federal funds to integrate nanotechnologies and microfluidic engineering concepts into developing compact point-of-care devices for rapid analysis of this secretion. In this article, we discuss some of these developments and their relevance to the prognosis, diagnosis and management of periodontitis, as an oral target, and cardiovascular disease, as a systemic example for the potential of these biodiagnostics. Our findings suggest that several biomarkers are associated with distinct biological stages of these diseases and demonstrate promise as practical biomarkers in identifying and managing periodontal disease, and acute myocardial infarction. The majority of these studies have progressed through biomarker discovery, with the identified molecules requiring more robust clinical studies to enable substantive validation for disease diagnosis. It is predicted that with continued advances in this field the use of a combination of biomarkers in multiplex panels is likely to yield accurate screening tools for these diagnoses in the near future.
Miller
Craig S
CS
Oral Medicine Section, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, KY 40536-0297, USA. cmiller@uky.edu
Foley
Joseph D
JD
Bailey
Alison L
AL
Campell
Charles L
CL
Humphries
Roger L
RL
Christodoulides
Nicolaos
N
Floriano
Pierre N
PN
Simmons
Glennon
G
Bhagwandin
Bryon
B
Jacobson
James W
JW
Redding
Spencer W
SW
Ebersole
Jeffrey L
JL
McDevitt
John T
JT
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*
D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D020543:Proteome
J Clin Periodontol. 2000 Jul;27(7):453-65
10914885
J Periodontol. 2009 Jan;80(1):106-13
19228096
Infect Immun. 2009 Feb;77(2):850-9
19029300
J Clin Periodontol. 2000 Nov;27(11):819-23
11073324
Dtsch Stomatol. 1966 Dec;16(12):910-7
5225955
Arch Dermatol. 1989 Oct;125(10):1406-12
2679403
Circulation. 2006 May 16;113(19):2335-62
16702488
J Periodontal Res. 1989 May;24(3):207-13
2550604
J Am Chem Soc. 2003 Mar 12;125(10):2870-1
12617642
Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1993 Oct;8(5):298-305
8265204
Arch Oral Biol. 2008 Apr;53(4):346-52
18155182
J Periodontal Res. 1991 Mar;26(2):65-74
1826527
Anal Biochem. 2001 Jun 15;293(2):178-84
11399030
J Periodontol. 2008 Oct;79(10):1913-9
18834246
Oral Dis. 2010 Jan;16(1):39-45
19627514
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Sep 6;732:112-31
7978785
Matrix Biol. 2001 Jan;19(8):816-27
11223341
J Exp Med. 2000 Jan 17;191(2):275-86
10637272
Oral Sci Rev. 1976;(8):25-47
790252
JAMA. 2004 Jul 28;292(4):490-5
15280347
Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2002 Apr;17(2):100-7
11929557
Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 1988;46(6):361-70
2459995
J Periodontal Res. 1990 May;25(3):156-63
2141875
Periodontol 2000. 1995 Feb;7:83-99
9567932
PLoS Med. 2005 Jul;2(7):e182
16013921
Periodontol 2000. 2003;31:32-42
12656994
J Clin Periodontol. 2003 Aug;30(8):752-5
12887345
Circulation. 2008 Jan 29;117(4):e25-146
18086926
Clin Chem. 2005 Dec;51(12):2391-5
16306107
J Periodontal Res. 1990 Sep;25(5):257-67
2170617
Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 1993;51(10-11):903-10
8210068
J Clin Periodontol. 1994 Jan;21(1):26-31
8126240
Circulation. 2003 Sep 23;108(12):1440-5
12952835
Coll Antropol. 1999 Jun;23(1):117-24
10402713
FASEB J. 1991 May;5(8):2145-54
1850705
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2003 May 9;42(18):2070-2
12746826
J Periodontal Res. 1987 Sep;22(5):381-9
2826747
J Periodontol. 2005 Nov;76 Suppl 11S:2066-2074
29539040
Am J Physiol. 1982 Mar;242(3):G231-6
7065186
J Periodontal Res. 2003 Aug;38(4):436-9
12828663
Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1996 Mar;34(3):171-91
8721405
J Periodontal Res. 1991 Mar;26(2):75-84
1826528
Arthritis Res Ther. 2007;9 Suppl 1:S1
17634140
Clin Chem. 2005 May;51(5):810-24
15774573
J Oral Sci. 1999 Mar;41(1):35-40
10230159
Arch Intern Med. 2000 Oct 9;160(18):2749-55
11025784
Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1936
15218140
Health Aff (Millwood). 2008 Mar-Apr;27(2):w84-95
18198184
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995 Jul 21;762:55-70
7545378
J Periodontol. 1993 Feb;64(2):82-8
8433257
Ann Periodontol. 2002 Dec;7(1):8-16
16013212
J Immunol. 1987 Mar 1;138(5):1464-8
3492553
Adv Med Sci. 2006;51 Suppl 1:158-61
17458082
J Clin Periodontol. 2008 Oct;35(10):846-52
18727653
Exp Physiol. 2000 Mar;85 Spec No:233S-241S
10795927
Cell. 1998 Apr 17;93(2):165-76
9568710
J Am Chem Soc. 2001 Mar 21;123(11):2559-70
11456925
N Engl J Med. 1999 Jan 14;340(2):115-26
9887164
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Mar;1098:496-7
17435158
Indian J Dent Res. 1995 Apr-Jun;6(2):41-6
9495108
Int J Fertil. 1976;21(1):43-8
8394
Arch Oral Biol. 1995 Dec;40(12):1151-5
8850655
J Oral Pathol Med. 1990 Mar;19(3):119-25
2187975
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993 Sep 20;694:234-7
8215058
Clin Chim Acta. 2000 Feb 15;291(2):223-34
10675725
J Periodontol. 2003 Aug;74(8):1237-47
14514240
J Periodontol. 1993 Apr;64(4):297-301
8483092
J Microelectromech Syst. 2006 Feb 1;15(1):223-236
19829760
Clin Chem. 2009 Aug;55(8):1530-8
19556448
J Dent Res. 1994 Aug;73(8):1397-406
8083435
J Periodontol. 1996 Aug;67(8):755-62
8866314
J Bone Miner Res. 2003 May;18(5):859-67
12733725
Arch Oral Biol. 1990;35 Suppl:193S-196S
1965117
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2006 Nov-Dec;54(6):419-26
17122880
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2007 Mar;49(2):252-60
17328758
J Periodontol. 2005 Dec;76(12):2187-93
16332229
J Periodontol. 1993 May;64(5 Suppl):474-84
8315570
J Periodontal Res. 2006 Dec;41(6):503-12
17076774
Periodontol 2000. 1997 Jun;14:144-57
9567969
Lab Chip. 2005 Mar;5(3):261-9
15726202
J Clin Periodontol. 1996 Dec;23(12):1127-32
8997658
Anal Chem. 2002 Jul 1;74(13):3030-6
12141661
Compend Suppl. 1989;(13):S457-60
2605592
Bone. 2001 Jun;28(6):575-6
11425643
Nature. 1986 Feb 6-12;319(6053):516-8
3511389
J Periodontal Res. 1990 May;25(3):135-42
2163444
Oral Dis. 2006 Mar;12(2):112-6
16476030
Circ Res. 2003 May 2;92(8):827-39
12730128
J Oral Pathol Med. 2006 Oct;35(9):530-9
16968233
J Clin Periodontol. 2003 Dec;30(12):1053-60
15002891
Toxicology. 2008 Mar 20;245(3):194-205
18291570
Oral Dis. 2002 May;8(3):147-59
12108759
J Periodontol. 2003 Mar;74(3):353-9
12710755
J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2008 Feb;34(1):40-6
18226127
Clin Biochem. 2007 Jun;40(9-10):661-5
17328883
Acta Odontol Scand. 2001 Jun;59(3):167-73
11501886
Biosens Bioelectron. 2005 Oct 15;21(4):574-80
16202870
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Mar;1098:411-28
17435146
BMJ. 1992 Jul 25;305(6847):207-8
1290500
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Mar 27;104(13):5268-73
17374724
Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2005 Jun;26(6):381-2, 384, 387-90 passim; quiz 398-9
16021957
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Sep 10;737:291-307
7524403
Proteomics. 2005 Apr;5(6):1714-28
15800970
J Oral Sci. 2006 Dec;48(4):177-83
17220614
Matrix Suppl. 1992;1:352-62
1480060
Mol Diagn Ther. 2008;12(3):157-70
18510379
J Clin Periodontol. 1996 Jan;23(1):30-7
8636454
Arch Oral Biol. 2009 May;54(5):445-8
19321161
J Periodontol. 2007 Mar;78(3):498-503
17335373
J Periodontal Res. 1990 Mar;25(2):81-7
2139121
J Periodontol. 1995 Oct;66(10):852-9
8537867
J Oral Pathol. 1974;3(6):284-90
4377156
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Mar;1098:xiii, 1-515
17435125
J Bone Miner Metab. 1999;17(4):245-51
10575588
Arch Oral Biol. 1985;30(11-12):765-71
3868965
J Periodontal Res. 1983 Nov;18(6):559-69
6230429
Ann Med. 2006;38(5):306-21
16938801
J Am Chem Soc. 2003 Feb 5;125(5):1114-5
12553782
Immunology. 1989 Sep;68(1):31-6
2478449
Biosens Bioelectron. 2005 Apr 15;20(10):2079-88
15741078
Arch Intern Med. 1991 Feb;151(2):260-5
1992953
Allergy Asthma Proc. 2008 May-Jun;29(3):345-8
18534093
J Oral Pathol Med. 1993 Feb;22(2):73-6
8445546
J Dent Res. 2007 Aug;86(8):680-93
17652194
J Periodontal Res. 1993 Nov;28(6 Pt 2):511-3
8263721
Horm Res. 2009 Jan;71 Suppl 1:134-8
19153524
J Periodontol. 1996 Aug;67(8):748-54
8866313
Semin Hematol. 2001 Jul;38(3):276-85
11486316
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13(2):197-212
12097361
Cancer Detect Prev. 2005;29(1):42-5
15734216
Coll Antropol. 2005 Dec;29(2):435-9
16417140
Lancet. 2001 Sep 22;358(9286):971-6
11583751
Leuk Lymphoma. 2005 Dec;46(12):1699-707
16263571
J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 18;275(7):4858-64
10671521
Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006;44(5):612-5
16681433
Princess Takamatsu Symp. 1988;19:193-208
2908353
J Periodontol. 2009 Jul;80(7):1146-53
19563296
Br J Haematol. 2006 May;133(3):301-4
16643432
Anal Chem. 2003 Sep 15;75(18):4732-9
14674448
J Proteome Res. 2008 May;7(5):1994-2006
18361515
Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1983 Sep;364(9):1323-8
6195067
Inflamm Res. 2004 Nov;53(11):596-600
15693607
J Am Dent Assoc. 2006 Mar;137(3):322-9
16570465