title: E-cadherin expression is regulated by miR-192/215 by a mechanism that is independent of the profibrotic effects of transforming growth factor-beta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the kidney is driven by profibrotic mediators including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). We investigated whether some of their effects may be mediated through changes in expression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Proximal tubular cells, primary rat mesangial cells, and human podocytes were analyzed for changes in the expression of key genes, ECM proteins, and miRNA after exposure to TGF-beta (1-10 ng/microl). Tubular cells were also infected with CTGF-adenovirus. Kidneys from diabetic apoE mice were also analyzed for changes in gene expression and miRNA levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGF-beta treatment was associated with morphologic and phenotypic changes typical of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) including increased fibrogenesis in all renal cell types and decreased E-cadherin expression in tubular cells. TGF-beta treatment also modulated the expression of certain miRNAs, including decreased expression of miR-192/215 in tubular cells, mesangial cells, which are also decreased in diabetic kidney. Ectopic expression of miR-192/215 increased E-cadherin levels via repressed translation of ZEB2 mRNA, in the presence and absence of TGF-beta, as demonstrated by a ZEB2 3'-untranslated region luciferase reporter assay. However, ectopic expression of miR-192/215 did not affect the expression of matrix proteins or their induction by TGF-beta. In contrast, CTGF increased miR-192/215 levels, causing a decrease in ZEB2, and consequently increased E-cadherin mRNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate the linking role of miRNA-192/215 and ZEB2 in TGF-beta/CTGF-mediated changes in E-cadherin expression. These changes appear to occur independently of augmentation of matrix protein synthesis, suggesting that a multistep EMT program is not necessary for fibrogenesis to occur.
authors.affiliation: Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herman-Edelstein
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jandeleit-Dahm
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Moin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Goodall
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Twigg
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kantharidis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D035683:MicroRNAs; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
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