title: Mobility and half-life of bensulide in agricultural soil.
abstract: Environmentally and economically viable agriculture requires the use of cultivation practices that maximize agrochemical efficacy while minimizing their off-site movement. Bensulide [O, O-diisopropyl S-2-phenylsulfonylaminoethyl phosphorodithioate] is one of the few herbicides from the organophosphate group used for control of weeds that threaten numerous crops. A field study was conducted on a silty-loam soil of 10% slope at Kentucky State University Research Farm to monitor off-site movement and persistence of bensulide in soil. Eighteen plots of 22 x 3.7 m each were separated using metal borders and the soil in six plots was mixed with sewage sludge and yard waste compost (SS-YW) at 15 t acre(- 1) on dry weight basis, six plots were mixed with sewage sludge (SS) at 15 t acre(- 1), and six unamended plots (NM) were used for comparison purposes. Plots were planted with summer squash, Cucurbita pepo as the test plant. The objectives of this investigation were to: 1) determine the dissipation and half-life (T(1/2)) of bensulide in soil under three management practices; 2) monitor the concentration of bensulide residues in runoff and infiltration water following natural rainfall; and 3) determine the effect of soil amendments on the transport of NO(3), NH(4), and P into surface and subsurface water. Half-life (T(1/2)) values of bensulide in soil were 44.3, 37.6, and 27.1 d in SS-YW, SS, and NM treatments, respectively. Addition of SS-YW and SS to native soil increased water infiltration, lowering runoff water volume and bensulide residues in runoff following natural rainfall events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Soil Science, Land Grant Program, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY 40601, USA. george.antonious@kysu.edu
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Antonious
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D028464:Cucurbita / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006207:Half-Life; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry*; D063086:Organothiophosphates; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D063086:Organothiophosphates; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C001847:bensulide; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides