title: Ginkgo biloba leaf extract action in scavenging free radicals and reducing mutagenicity and toxicity of cigarette smoke in vivo.
abstract: In this study, ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) was added to sample cigarettes, including in the filter (0.8 mg/cigarette) and/or the cut filler (0.8 mg/cigarette). The effects of GBE in scavenging free radicals and reducing mutagenicity and toxicity of cigarette smoke in vivo were investigated. Smoke analysis results indicated that GBE eliminated up to 30% of free radicals. Biological experiments, conducted for both GBE cigarettes and control samples, included the Ames test, acute toxicity, neutral red cytotoxicity assay and chronic toxicity. Results showed that the mutagenicity and toxicity of the GBE cigarettes were lower than for the control cigarettes. A possible mechanism of GBE in scavenging free radicals is discussed in this article.
authors.affiliation: Technical Research Center, Chuanyu Branch of China Tobacco Corporation, Chengdu, PR China. wcgcx@163.com
authors.forename: Chang G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Dong L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kuo Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012906:Smoke