Metabolic sequelae associated with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the metabolic alterations associated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer and to evaluate the evidence linking ADT with an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.


RESULTS
ADT by either bilateral orchiectomy or treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists causes changes in body composition, alterations in lipid profiles, and decreased insulin sensitivity. The spectrum of metabolic changes during ADT is distinct from classically described metabolic syndrome. Population-based, linked cancer registry studies have consistently reported significant associations between ADT and greater risk for diabetes mellitus. Some but not all studies have reported a link between ADT and cardiovascular disease risk. Most studies have reported no increase in cardiovascular mortality following ADT.


CONCLUSIONS
ADT appears causally associated with diabetes mellitus. ADT is also linked to cardiovascular morbidity, although there is less evidence that this relationship is causal.
Faris
Jason E
JE
Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
Smith
Matthew R
MR
D000728:Androgens / Q000172:deficiency*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors
D000728:Androgens; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
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