title: A survey of reasons why veterinarians leave rural veterinary practice in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors associated with veterinarians leaving a career in rural veterinary practice (RVP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Veterinarians from the United States who no longer worked in RVP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Veterinarians in any area of practice were solicited to participate in an online survey through invitation letters sent to various veterinary associations. Those who indicated that they had left RVP were asked to rank the importance of various potential factors in their decision to leave RVP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  805 responses were obtained from veterinarians who had worked in RVP, of which 246 (30.6%) had left RVP. Most (231/246 [93.9%]) of those who reported leaving RVP had been in practice > 5 years, and 75.2% (185/246) had been in practice > 12 years. Eighty-three (33.7%) who left RVP pursued careers in urban areas, 72 (29.3%) entered academia, and 7 (2.8%) retired. Reasons for leaving RVP ranked by the highest proportions of respondents as being of high importance were emergency duty, time off, salary, practice atmosphere, and family concerns. Women ranked factors such as time off, mentorship, practice atmosphere, conflict with staff, and gender issues as being of high importance more often than men did.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that the perceived shortage of veterinarians in RVP may be in part influenced by a lack of retention, particularly among experienced veterinarians. Targeted efforts to tackle issues related to emergency duty, time off, salary, practice atmosphere, and family issues could help alleviate the efflux from RVP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. aurora.villarroel@oregonstate.edu
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villarroel
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Lana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Reneé D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Dewell
authors.forename: Grant A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Dewell
mesh_terms: D002321:Career Choice; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012424:Rural Population; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014730:Veterinary Medicine