Cytotoxic effects of 2-bromopropane on embryonic development in mouse blastocysts.
2-Bromopropane (2-BP), an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents, is used as a cleaning solvent. Here, we examined the cytotoxic effects of 2-bromopropane (2-BP) on mouse embryos at the blastocyst stage, subsequent embryonic attachment and outgrowth in vitro, and in vivo implantation via embryo transfer. Mouse blastocysts were incubated in medium with or without 2-BP (2.5, 5 or 10 microM) for 24 h. Cell proliferation and growth were investigated with dual differential staining, apoptosis was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analysis, and implantation and post-implantation development of embryos were assessed using in vitro development analysis and in vivo embryo transfer, respectively. Blastocysts treated with 5 or 10 microM 2-BP displayed significantly increased apoptosis, and decreased inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cell number. Additionally, the implantation success rates of 2-BP-pretreated blastocysts were lower than those of untreated controls. In vitro treatment with 5 or 10 microM 2-BP was associated with increased resorption of postimplantation embryos, and decreased placental and fetal weights. Our results collectively indicate that in vitro exposure to 2-BP induces apoptosis, suppresses implantation rates after transfer to host mice, and retards early postimplantation development.
Chan
Wen-Hsiung
WH
Department of Bioscience Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li 32023, Taiwan.
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; C103736:2-bromopropane
IUBMB Life. 2008 Mar;60(3):171-9
18380009
Reprod Toxicol. 2004 May;18(3):431-7
15082079
Diabetes. 1990 Apr;39(4):471-6
2318348
J Assist Reprod Genet. 1999 Nov;16(10):512-9
10575578
J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2006 Sep;34 Suppl 2:3-7
17071382
Hum Reprod. 2003 Jan;18(1):130-6
12525453
Apoptosis. 2006 Aug;11(8):1413-25
16830233
Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Jul;28(1):52-8
19490995
Toxicology. 2004 Mar 1;196(1-2):77-86
15036758
Toxicol Lett. 1999 Jan 11;104(1-2):19-26
10048745
Teratology. 1992 Mar;45(3):313-8
1631784
Hum Reprod. 2006 Nov;21(11):2985-95
16877372
Reprod Toxicol. 2001 Jan-Feb;15(1):81-5
11137382
J Vet Med Sci. 2001 Apr;63(4):373-82
11346170
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1996 Oct;22(5):387-91
8923614
Science. 1994 Dec 2;266(5190):1508-18
7985020
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999 Sep 15;159(3):185-93
10486305
Hum Reprod. 2006 Jan;21(1):202-9
16199432
Arch Pharm Res. 2002 Feb;25(1):39-44
11885689
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2001 Jul 1;174(1):35-48
11437647
J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2006 Sep;34 Suppl 2:8-13
17071383
J Exp Zool. 1993 Jan 1;265(1):54-60
8459230
Reprod Toxicol. 2007 Jul;24(1):120-5
17572064
Toxicology. 1999 Jul 15;135(2-3):87-93
10463765
Reprod Toxicol. 2002 Jul-Aug;16(4):379-84
12220598
Biol Reprod. 2003 Apr;68(4):1165-9
12606492
Development. 1989 Nov;107(3):597-604
2612378
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2007 Feb;28(2):238-45
17241527
Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Sep 15;38(18):4763-7
15487785
Reprod Toxicol. 1999 May-Jun;13(3):179-87
10378467
Mol Hum Reprod. 1997 Oct;3(10):919-25
9395266
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2008 Feb;29(2):259-66
18215357
Science. 1995 Mar 10;267(5203):1456-62
7878464
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Dec 16;338(2):1263-7
16259949
Teratology. 1988 Mar;37(3):205-12
3130676
J Cell Physiol. 2005 Dec;205(3):379-86
15887245
Biochem J. 2007 Jun 1;404(2):317-26
17331071
Hum Reprod. 2001 Oct;16(10):2171-6
11574511
J Reprod Fertil. 1999 Sep;117(1):97-105
10645250
Reprod Toxicol. 2002 Mar-Apr;16(2):151-9
11955946