title: Detection of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and amphetamine-type stimulants in oral fluid using the Rapid Stat point-of-collection drug-testing device.
abstract: The Rapid Stat assay, a point-of-collection drug-testing device for detection of amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, methadone, and benzodiazepines in oral fluid, was evaluated for cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants. The Rapid Stat tests (n = 134) were applied by police officers in routine traffic checks. Oral fluid and blood samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and methylenedioxyamphetamine. The comparison of GC-MS analysis of oral fluid with the Rapid Stat results for cannabis showed a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 87%, and a total confirmation rate of 87%. When compared with serum, the sensitivity of the cannabis assay decreased to 71%, the specificity to 60%, and the total confirmation rate to 66%. These findings were possibly caused by an incorrect reading of the THC test results. Comparison of the Rapid Stat amphetamine assay with GC-MS in oral fluid showed a sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 97%, and a total confirmation rate of 97%. Compared with serum, a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 90%, and a total confirmation rate of 92% was found. The amphetamine assay must, therefore, be regarded as satisfactory.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Am Pulverturm 3, Mainz, Germany. roehrich@uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Röhrich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zörntlein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urban
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D008694:Methamphetamine; D013759:Dronabinol; D000661:Amphetamine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine