title: Low CD4+ T-cell levels and B-cell apoptosis in vertically HIV-exposed noninfected children and adolescents.
abstract: Lymphocyte subsets, activation markers and apoptosis were assessed in 20 HIV-exposed noninfected (ENI) children born to HIV-infected women who were or not exposed to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs during pregnancy and early infancy. ENI children and adolescents were aged 6-18 years and they were compared to 25 age-matched healthy non-HIV-exposed children and adolescents (Control). ENI individuals presented lower CD4(+) T cells/mm(3) than Control group (control: 1120.3 vs. ENI: 876.3; t-test, p = 0.030). ENI individuals had higher B-cell apoptosis than Control group (Control: 36.6%, ARV exposed: 82.3%, ARV nonexposed: 68.5%; Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.05), but no statistical difference was noticed between those exposed and not exposed to ARV. Immune activation in CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T and in B cells was comparable in ENI and in Control children and adolescents. Subtle long-term immune alterations might persist among ENI individuals, but the clinical consequences if any are unknown, and these children require continued monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maristela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Silvana D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pessoa
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Daisy M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Reinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salomão
authors.forename: Regina C de M
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Succi
authors.forename: Savita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pahwa
authors.forename: Maria Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: de Moraes-Pinto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000276:immunology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents
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