title: [Freezing of gait unresponsive to dopaminergic stimulation in patients with severe Parkinsonism].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Freezing of gait unresponsive to dopaminergic stimulation in patients with severe Parkinsonism. The freezing of gait episodes (FOG) normally appear during the off period and generally improve with dopaminergic stimulus, at the same time as improving other Parkinsonian symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a group of 10 patients with severe Parkinson's disease. All patients suffered motor fluctuations, dyskinesias and episodes of FOG during the on and off state. The patients received a subcutaneous apomorphine bolus, without other dopaminergic medication; an effective dose of apomorphine was considered as one that induced a reduction of at least a 60% in the UPDRS motor scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baseline motor UPDRS was 61.3 +/- 4.7, which dropped to 21 +/- 4.3 after the apomorphine injection. The mean dose of apomorphine was 5.5 mg (3-7 mg). The bolus of apomorphine improved the parameters of the gait related to bradykinesia and the tapping tests of the limbs, but the episodes of FOG did not vary significantly between the off and on state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present a group of 10 patients with freezing of gait episodes that did not improve with treatment and persisted during the on period induced by dopaminergic stimulus with apomorphine.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, España. juliavaamonde@hotmail.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaamonde Gamo
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cabello
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gallardo Alcañiz
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Flores Barragan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carrasco García de León
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ibañez Alonso
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D001058:Apomorphine; D004298:Dopamine