Small for gestational age and higher birth weight predict childhood obesity in preterm infants.
We sought to determine the association between small for gestational age (SGA), birth weight, and childhood obesity within preterm polysubstance exposed children. We sampled 312 preterm children with 11-year body mass index (BMI; age- and sex-specific) data from the Maternal Lifestyle Study (51% girls, 21.5% SGA, 46% prenatal cocaine, and 55% tobacco exposed). Multinomial regression analyzed the association between 11-year obesity (OBE) and overweight (OW) and SGA, birth weight, first-year growth velocity, diet, and physical activity variables. Overall, 24% were OBE (BMI for age ≥95th percentile) and 16.7% were OW (BMI ≥85th and <95th percentiles). In adjusted analyses, SGA was associated with OW (odds ratio [OR] = 3.4, confidence interval [CI] 1.5 to 7.5). Higher birth weight was associated with OBE (OR = 1.8, CI 1.3 to 2.4) and OW (OR = 1.4, CI 1.1 to 2.0). Growth velocity was associated with OBE (OR = 2.7, CI 1.8 to 4.0) and OW (OR = 1.6, CI 1.1 to 2.4). Low exercise was associated with OBE (OR = 2.1, CI 1.0 to 4.4) and OW (OR = 2.1, CI 1.0 to 4.5). There was no effect of substance exposure on obesity outcomes. Many (41%) of these high-risk preterm 11-year-olds were obese/overweight. Multiple growth-related processes may be involved in obesity risk for preterm children, including fetal programming as indicated by the SGA effect.
Gaskins
Ronnesia B
RB
Center for Study of Children at Risk, Brown-Alpert Medical School, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island 02905, USA. Ronnesia_Gaskins@brown.edu
LaGasse
Linda L
LL
Liu
Jing
J
Shankaran
Seetha
S
Lester
Barry M
BM
Bada
Henrietta S
HS
Bauer
Charles R
CR
Das
Abhik
A
Higgins
Rosemary D
RD
Roberts
Mary
M
D015992:Body Mass Index; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000502:physiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011203:Poverty; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
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