title: Potent antioxidative activity of lycopene: A potential role in scavenging hypochlorous acid.
abstract: Lycopene, a carotenoid found in tomatoes, is a proven antioxidant that may lower the risk of certain disorders including heart disease and cancer. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an oxidant linked to tissue oxidation in cardiovascular disease and other inflammatory disorders through its ability to modify proteins, deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and lipids. Here we show that lycopene can function as a potent scavenger of HOCl at a wide range of concentrations that span various pathophysiological and supplemental ranges. The oxidation of lycopene by HOCl was accompanied by a marked change in color, from red to colorless, of the lycopene solution, suggesting lycopene degradation. HPLC and LC-MS analysis showed that the exposure of lycopene to increasing concentrations of HOCl gave a range of metabolites resulting from oxidative cleavage of one or more C=C. The degree of degradation of lycopene (as assessed by the number and chain lengths of the various oxidative metabolites of lycopene) depends mainly on the ratio of HOCl to lycopene, suggesting that multiple molecules of HOCl are consumed per molecule of lycopene. Collectively, this work demonstrates a direct link between lycopene and HOCl scavenging and may assist in elucidating the mechanism of the protective function exerted by lycopene.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Subramaniam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pennathur
authors.forename: Dhiman
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maitra
authors.forename: Jaeman
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sliskovic
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abdulhamid
authors.forename: Ghassan M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Saed
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: Husam M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Abu-Soud
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007249:Inflammation; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D002338:Carotenoids; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; D000077276:Lycopene
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