Antibody responses in patients with invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections.
Correlation between antibody response and clinical outcome in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia has yielded conflicting results. Immunization schedules have failed in clinical trials. Is the humoral response toward S. aureus of protective nature? A prospective study was performed in patients with invasive S. aureus (ISA) infections during the period 2003-2005. The antibody levels were determined at the beginning and at the end of treatment and one month later (n = 96, n = 71, and n = 51, respectively). As controls, 115 healthy individuals were used. A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against eight purified antigens was performed. Bacterial isolates were grouped as to the production of alpha-toxin, agr type, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) type. Large variations were seen in the antibody levels. The levels in the second sample were the highest. A correlation between agr group, PFGE group, alpha-toxin production, and initial antibody levels was observed. Patients with fatal outcome displayed lower initial antibody levels to all antigens and significantly so in regard to teichoic acid, lipase, enterotoxin A, and scalded skin syndrome toxin. In episodes with complicated bacteremia, initial significantly low levels to teichoic acid and lipase were registered. Low initial antibody levels against several antigens were associated with increased mortality and complicated bacteremia in invasive S. aureus infections. Bacterial properties, strain, and toxin production affected the antibody response.
Jacobsson
G
G
Department of Infectious Diseases, Skaraborg Hospital, 541 85, Skövde, Sweden. gunnar.jacobsson@vgregion.se
Colque-Navarro
P
P
Gustafsson
E
E
Andersson
R
R
Möllby
R
R
D000368:Aged; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology
C095698:Agr protein, Staphylococcus aureus; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D037521:Virulence Factors; C021091:staphylococcal alpha-toxin
J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 1;188(5):743-52
12934191
Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009 Jan;16(1):139-41
19005019
J Pediatr. 2007 Sep;151(3):260-5, 265.e1
17719934
Infect Immun. 2003 Dec;71(12):6864-70
14638774
Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 Jan;9(1):127-33
19013542
J Clin Invest. 1978 Mar;61(3):597-609
641141
Infect Immun. 2000 May;68(5):2431-4
10768927
J Immunol Methods. 1995 Jun 28;183(2):279-90
7602150
Immunobiology. 2008;213(3-4):285-96
18406374
J Exp Med. 2008 Feb 18;205(2):287-94
18268041
Nat Med. 2004 Mar;10(3):243-5
14758355
J Infect Dis. 1983 Oct;148(4):692-8
6631061
N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 3;348(14):1342-7
12672861
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008 Sep;27(9):839-48
18449584
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2005 Mar;12(3):387-98
15753252
Infect Immun. 1996 May;64(5):1659-65
8613375
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2000 Jan;7(1):14-20
10618270
Vaccine. 2000 Feb 25;18(16):1624-8
10689139
J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Feb;32(2):407-15
7908673
J Immunol. 1980 Jul;125(1):155-62
6966649
Scand J Infect Dis. 2007;39(1):6-13
17366006
Lancet. 1978 Nov 25;2(8100):1116-8
82681
J Med Microbiol. 1998 Mar;47(3):217-25
9511827
J Infect Dis. 1986 Jan;153(1):109-15
3941274
J Infect Dis. 2001 Dec 15;184(12):1572-80
11740733
Infect Immun. 1992 Jul;60(7):2976-85
1612762
Mol Med Today. 1999 Dec;5(12):532-7
10562719
Clin Infect Dis. 2001 May 15;32(10):1470-9
11317249
J Infect. 2008 Apr;56(4):249-56
18314197
Vaccine. 2001 May 14;19(25-26):3376-83
11348701
Microbiology (Reading). 2003 Oct;149(Pt 10):2701-2707
14523103
N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 14;346(7):491-6
11844850
Infect Immun. 2002 May;70(5):2278-81
11953360
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2007 Oct;10(5):428-35
17921044
J Infect Dis. 1999 Oct;180(4):1370-3
10479175
Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Mar;13(3):491-3
17552110
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005 Dec;3(12):948-58
16322743
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2009 Mar;23(1):153-71
19135920
Lancet. 2004 Aug 21-27;364(9435):703-5
15325835
J Infect Dis. 2006 May 1;193(9):1275-8
16586365