title: Pooled analysis of studies on DNA adducts and dietary vitamins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is some evidence that dietary components that are rich in antioxidant and vitamins are inversely associated with DNA adduct levels induced by environmental carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, although the epidemiologic data are inconsistent. This study addresses the association between vitamins, DNA adducts and smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combined analysis of individual data on the association between bulky DNA adducts and dietary vitamins was conducted. A Medline search was performed to identify studies on healthy subjects in which smoking and vitamins intake information were available, and bulky DNA adducts were measured in peripheral blood with 32P-postlabelling. Eight published studies met the eligibility criteria, and individual data from 7 data sets including 2758 subjects were obtained. GSTM1 and GSTT1 were also available on all the subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitamin E was inversely significantly associated with DNA adducts after adjustment for possible confounding factors. Vitamins A and C were not independent predictors of DNA adducts. A stratified analysis showed that vitamin A had a significant inverse association with DNA adducts in ever smokers only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This result is relevant to planning any future chemo-preventive interventions directed to high risk subgroups of the population, for cancer prevention.
authors.affiliation: SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ragin
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Aerie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minor
authors.affiliation: Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agudo
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Biocentre, University of Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.affiliation: Genetics Research Institute ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Seymour
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garte
authors.affiliation: Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty University P.J. Šafárik, Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kalina
authors.affiliation: ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matullo
authors.affiliation: National Center of Public Health Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Todor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Popov
authors.affiliation: Cancer Risk Factor Branch, ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palli
authors.affiliation: Cancer Risk Factor Branch, ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peluso
authors.affiliation: ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ricceri
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of Academy AS CR and Health Institute of Central Bohemia, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sram
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, London, UK; University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.affiliation: SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA. Electronic address: emanuela.taioli@downstate.edu.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taioli
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004032:Diet; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D012907:Smoking; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002273:Carcinogens; D018736:DNA Adducts; D014815:Vitamins
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