title: Functional deprivation promotes amyloid plaque pathogenesis in Tg2576 mouse olfactory bulb and piriform cortex.
abstract: Cerebral hypometabolism and amyloid accumulation are principal neuropathological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether and how brain/neuronal activity might modulate certain pathological processes of AD are interesting topics of recent clinical and basic research in the field, and may be of potential medical relevance in regard to both the disease etiology and intervention. Using the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of AD, this study characterized a promotive effect of neuronal hypoactivity associated with functional deprivation on amyloid plaque pathogenesis in the olfactory pathway. Unilateral naris-occlusion caused beta-secretase-1 (BACE1) elevation in neuronal terminals in the deprived relative to the non-deprived bulb and piriform cortex in young adult mice. In parallel with the overall age-related plaque development in the forebrain, locally increased BACE1 immunoreactivity co-occurred with amyloid deposition first in the piriform cortex then within the bulb, more prominent on the deprived relative to the non-deprived side. Biochemical analyses confirmed elevated BACE1 protein levels, enzymatic activity and products in the deprived relative to non-deprived bulbs. Plaque-associated BACE1 immunoreactivity in the bulb and piriform cortex was localized preferentially to swollen/sprouting glutamatergic axonal terminals, with Abeta immunoreactivity occurring inside as well as around these terminals. Together, these findings suggest that functional deprivation or neuronal hypoactivity facilitates amyloid plaque formation in the forebrain in a transgenic model of AD, which operates synergistically with age effect. The data also implicate an intrinsic association of amyloid accumulation and plaque formation with progressive axonal pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
authors.forename: Xue-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Huaibin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Xue-Gang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Jia-Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Clough
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Patrylo
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Struble
authors.forename: Xiao-Xin
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009666:Nose / Q000473:pathology; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009833:Olfactory Pathways / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism*; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; C508552:Dia2 protein, mouse; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; C509282:Bace1 protein, mouse
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