title: Prevention of biofilm growth on man-made surfaces: evaluation of antialgal activity of two biocides and photocatalytic nanoparticles.
abstract: As algal growth on man-made surfaces impacts their appearance, biocides and surfaces with self-cleaning properties are widely used in the building and paint industries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antialgal activity of two biocides (triazine and isothiazoline) and photocatalytic nanoparticles of zinc oxide (20-60 nm). An aeroterrestrial green, microalgal strain of the genus Stichococcus was chosen as the test organism. By comparing a set of different structural and physiological performance parameters, lethal and also sublethal (chronic) effects were determined. Even though the herbicide triazine effectively inhibited growth (EC50 = 1.6 micromol l(-1)) and photosynthetic performance, structural properties (eg membrane integrity) were unaffected at the EC100 (250 micromol l(-1)), hence this herbicide did not kill the algal cells. In contrast, and due to their multiple modes of action, isothiazoline and the photocatalytic nanoparticles (the latter activated with low UV radiation) severely impacted all performance and structural parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany. franziska.gladis@uni-rostock.de
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gladis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eggert
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Karsten
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schumann
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002384:Catalysis; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008420:Manufactured Materials / Q000382:microbiology*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010777:Photochemistry; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D013844:Thiazoles; D014227:Triazines; D015034:Zinc Oxide