title: Plasma fibrinolysis inhibitor levels in acute stroke patients with thrombolysis failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thrombolytics-induced recanalization fails in a significant portion of patients with ischemic stroke, which is partly due to the resistance of clots to lysis by thrombolytic agents. The pretreatment level of endogenous fibrinolysis inhibitors may affect such thrombolysis failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 43 stroke patients whose arterial recanalization had been evaluated by angiography, and whose blood had been obtained prior to the administration of thrombolytic agents. Plasma samples from 34 healthy volunteers were used as normal controls. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arteries were recanalized [Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 2 or 3] in 30 patients, but not (TIMI grade 0 or 1) in the other 13. The plasma PAI-1 level was significantly higher in patients without recanalization (nonrecanalization) than in those with recanalization and in normal controls. The TAFI levels did not differ among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pretreatment PAI-1 levels are increased in acute stroke patients with thrombolysis failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea.
authors.forename: Seo Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Eun Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Joon
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung Yul
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong Ik
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Hoe
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Heo
references.citation: Thromb Haemost. 2001 Dec;86(6):1528-31
references.pmid: 11776323
references.citation: Circulation. 1999 Jun 15;99(23):3050-5
references.pmid: 10368124
references.citation: Stroke. 2003 Jun;34(6):e48-50
references.pmid: 12750540
references.citation: Thromb Haemost. 2003 Mar;89(3):554-60
references.pmid: 12624641
references.citation: Am Heart J. 1998 Sep;136(3):406-11
references.pmid: 9736130
references.citation: Stroke. 2005 Apr;36(4):880-90
references.pmid: 15731473
references.citation: Circulation. 1987 Jul;76(1):142-54
references.pmid: 3109764
references.citation: Stroke. 1996 Jun;27(6):1066-71
references.pmid: 8650716
references.citation: Stroke. 2005 Jul;36(7):1432-8
references.pmid: 15961709
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 Nov 1;34(5):1395-402
references.pmid: 10551684
references.citation: J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2001 May;11(3):183-93
references.pmid: 11577256
references.citation: Thromb Haemost. 2004 Jun;91(6):1146-51
references.pmid: 15175801
references.citation: Arch Neurol. 1990 Oct;47(10):1075-9
references.pmid: 2145826
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002 May 1;22(5):867-73
references.pmid: 12006404
references.citation: Biochemistry (Mosc). 2002 Jan;67(1):99-108
references.pmid: 11841345
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2004 Oct;25(9):1470-5
references.pmid: 15502123
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 2005 Aug 26;384(3):305-9
references.pmid: 15916851
references.citation: Circulation. 1989 Apr;79(4):920-8
references.pmid: 2494006
references.citation: Neurology. 2003 May 27;60(10):1684-7
references.pmid: 12771267
references.citation: JAMA. 1999 Dec 1;282(21):2003-11
references.pmid: 10591382
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1995 Dec 14;333(24):1581-7
references.pmid: 7477192
references.citation: Circulation. 1992 Jan;85(1):305-12
references.pmid: 1728462