title: Impact of self-hypnosis in women on select physiologic and psychological parameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine physiologic and psychologic effects of hypnosis in healthy women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quasi-experimental, within-subject, repeated measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private laboratory setting in an urban Midwestern College of Nursing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Convenience sample of 30 healthy, female volunteers who were nonpregnant, predominantly White, college students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants listened to a 30-minute recording of relaxing, affirming hypnotic suggestions while sitting comfortably in a recliner. Hypnotizability and trait anxiety were measured at baseline. Tension-anxiety was measured at baseline and following the hypnotic induction. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and heart rate variability were collected before, during, and following the hypnotic experience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paired t tests revealed significantly reduced heart rate (p<.001), respiratory rate (p<.001), low-to-high frequency heart rate variability ratio (p<.001), and tension-anxiety (p<.001), whereas high frequency heart rate variability was increased (p<.001) after the 30-minute hypnotic session.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypnosis is an innovative, low-technology, self-modulated approach that may contribute to stress reduction and health promotion. Parameters demonstrated increased parasympathetic nervous system activity associated with relaxation during and immediately after the hypnosis experience. Findings from this study suggest that nurses can include hypnosis information when advising healthy women about available stress reduction approaches, as well as tailor their nursing care for women who present using this alternative approach.
authors.affiliation: Marquette University Nurse-Midwifery Program, P. O. Box 1881, Clark Hall, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA. leona.vandevusse@mu.edu
authors.forename: Leona
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: VandeVusse
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Berner
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: White Winters
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis / Q000379:methods*; D015146:Midwestern United States; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D011446:Prospective Studies; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013637:Tape Recording; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014930:Women / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology