title: Effect of thermochemical pretreatment on sewage sludge and its impact on carboxylic acids production.
abstract: This paper investigates the potential of converting sewage sludge into a useful product, namely carboxylic acids. To potentially enhance acid yields, the effect of pretreatment using 0.3 g lime/g dry biomass and water at 100 degrees C for 10-240 min was studied. The pretreated sludges were anaerobically fermented to mixed-acids using a mixed culture of microorganisms; methanogens were suppressed using iodoform. Batch fermentations were performed at 55 degrees C using ammonium bicarbonate buffer. The first batch experiments compared treated and untreated sludge as the only substrate. The second batch experiments used a mixture of sludge plus lime-treated bagasse (20:80 by weight). Analysis of liquor shows that the pretreatment were effective in solubilizing constituent compounds of sewage sludge. Nitrogen content and carboxylic acids increased with increasing pretreatment time. However, the soluble sugars peaked at 60 min, and then decreased with longer pretreatment time, showing that the solubilised sugars were undergoing intermolecular reactions, such as Maillard reactions. Fermentation experiments were a good indicator of the biodegradability of the pretreated sludges. Results clearly showed that lime-treating sludge, using even the minimum pretreatment time (10 min), negatively impacted acid production. The likely causes of this observation are attributed to the production of recalcitrant complexes and toxic compounds. Batch fermentation of untreated sludge yielded 0.34 g total acids/g VS fed, whereas sludge with 240-min lime pretreatment yielded only 0.20 g total acids/g VS fed. Co-fermentation of untreated sludge with pretreated bagasse gave a yield of 0.23 g total acids/g VS fed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius. h.rughoonundun@uom.ac.mu
authors.forename: Hema
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rughoonundun
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Granda
authors.forename: Romeela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohee
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Holtzapple
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D006361:Heating; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D010087:Oxides; D012722:Sewage; D002482:Cellulose; C027433:bagasse; C016538:lime; D009584:Nitrogen