title: The ciliary membrane.
abstract: Cilia and flagella are important organizing centers for signaling in both development and disease. A key to their function is a poorly characterized barrier at their base that allows the protein and lipid composition of the ciliary membrane to be distinct from that of the plasma membrane. We review current models of ciliary membrane biogenesis, highlighting several structures, including the ciliary necklace and ciliary pocket, that appear during biogenesis and that likely contribute to the barrier. The regulated movement of membrane proteins and lipids across this barrier is central to the sensory function of these organelles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. rrohatgi@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Rajat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rohatgi
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Snell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002923:Cilia / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 5;103(49):18556-61
references.pmid: 17116893
references.citation: Development. 2009 Feb;136(4):655-64
references.pmid: 19144723
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Nov;3(11):813-25
references.pmid: 12415299
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Oct 13;106(41):17425-30
references.pmid: 19805090
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2002 Jun 4;12(11):R378-80
references.pmid: 12062067
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1982 Jun;93(3):938-49
references.pmid: 7119006
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2009 Sep 1;23(17):2046-59
references.pmid: 19656802
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2002 Apr;13(4):1417-26
references.pmid: 11950949
references.citation: Dev Biol. 2010 Mar 15;339(2):418-28
references.pmid: 20067783
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2005 May;7(5):517-24
references.pmid: 15852003
references.citation: J Protozool. 1974 May;21(2):299-312
references.pmid: 4838476
references.citation: Curr Top Dev Biol. 2008;85:115-49
references.pmid: 19147004
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2009 Oct;11(10):1225-32
references.pmid: 19767740
references.citation: Nature. 1977 Feb 3;265(5593):444-5
references.pmid: 834294
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 1968 Jun;3(2):207-30
references.pmid: 5661997
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1962 Nov;15:363-77
references.pmid: 13978319
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Feb 24;106(8):2623-8
references.pmid: 19196978
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1991 Jun;113(6):1281-93
references.pmid: 1828467
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1972 Aug;54(2):246-65
references.pmid: 5064817
references.citation: Am J Anat. 1979 Sep;156(1):139-45
references.pmid: 517447
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1989 Jul;109(1):247-52
references.pmid: 2473079
references.citation: PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5182
references.pmid: 19365551
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2005 Oct 25;15(20):1861-6
references.pmid: 16243034
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2007 Oct 22;179(2):321-30
references.pmid: 17954613
references.citation: Exp Cell Res. 1984 Feb;150(2):488-93
references.pmid: 6692861
references.citation: J Ultrastruct Res. 1961 Oct;5:453-67
references.pmid: 13865089
references.citation: Planta. 1986 Apr;167(4):544-53
references.pmid: 24240371
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2001 Oct 16;11(20):1586-90
references.pmid: 11676918
references.citation: Science. 2007 Jul 20;317(5836):372-6
references.pmid: 17641202
references.citation: Nature. 2005 Oct 13;437(7061):1018-21
references.pmid: 16136078
references.citation: Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat. 1958;49(1):1-12
references.pmid: 13625928
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1990 Oct;111(4):1605-16
references.pmid: 2170424
references.citation: BMC Cancer. 2009 Dec 17;9:448
references.pmid: 20017937
references.citation: Cell. 2006 May 5;125(3):549-62
references.pmid: 16678098
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2009 Nov 2;187(3):365-74
references.pmid: 19948480
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Jan 26;242(3):597-601
references.pmid: 9464262
references.citation: Dev Dyn. 2009 Dec;238(12):3035-42
references.pmid: 19877275
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1985 Oct;26(10):1386-404
references.pmid: 2931395
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1972 May;53(2):494-509
references.pmid: 4554367
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2008 Jul;40(7):871-9
references.pmid: 18552847
references.citation: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2010 Feb;22(1):75-80
references.pmid: 19962875