title: Phenotypic and genotypic properties of Escherichia coli isolated from colisepticemic cases of Japanese quail.
abstract: This study was conducted to characterize the Escherichia coli isolates from colisepticemic Japanese quails. One hundred and nine E. coli were isolated in pure culture from heart blood of dead Japanese quails. The sampled birds were originated from four different farms. Antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli isolates were determined against nine antibacterial agents. Phylotype and virulence genes of the isolates were detected by polymerase chain reaction. By disc diffusion method, all of the isolates showed resistance to three or more antibiotics, and 19 different patterns of multiple drug resistance were observed. Phylotyping of the most prevalent multiple drug-resistant isolates revealed that they mostly belonged to phylogroups A (A(1) subgroup). The E. coli isolates belong to four phylogenetic groups: A (55.0%), B1 (18.3%), B2 (17.4%), and D (9.2%). Eighty-nine (81.7%) isolates were distributed in five phylogenetic subgroups including 22 (20.2%) in A(0), 38 (34.9%) in A(1), 19 (17.4%) in B2(3), 7 (6.4%) in D(1), and 3 (2.8%) in D(2). The examined E. coli isolates exhibit at least one of the virulence genes tested, whereas three most prevalent genes were crl (94.5%), fimH (89.0%), and iutA (51.4%), respectively. The genetic marker for Afa (afaI B-C), S (sfa/focD-E), and P (papE-F) fimbriae were found in one, four, and ten isolates, respectively. Thirteen different combinations of virulence gene were observed, where combination of crl and fimH genes was the most prevalent pattern. None of the isolates contained the ipaH, stx1, stx2, and eaeA genetic markers. In conclusion, E. coli strains could be considered as a causative agent of mortality in quail farms. In conclusion, E. coli isolates from colisepticemic quails are distributed in different phylogroups, are resistant to combinations of antibiotic agents, and contain several virulence genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, P.O. Box 7616914111, Kerman, Iran. mahsalehi@mail.uk.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salehi
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghanbarpour
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D003370:Coturnix / Q000382:microbiology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D018805:Sepsis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors
references.citation: Vet Res. 2005 Mar-Apr;36(2):241-56
references.pmid: 15720976
references.citation: Can J Vet Res. 2008;72(2):129-36
references.pmid: 18505201
references.citation: Environ Microbiol. 2006 Nov;8(11):1975-84
references.pmid: 17014496
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2005 Oct 31;110(3-4):245-53
references.pmid: 16150559
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Sep;62(9):3462-5
references.pmid: 8795238
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2003 Jul 1;94(2):97-103
references.pmid: 12781478
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2008 Dec 10;132(3-4):355-63
references.pmid: 18597955
references.citation: Int J Food Microbiol. 2008 Jun 10;124(3):217-23
references.pmid: 18457892
references.citation: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Feb;57(2):204-11
references.pmid: 16390858
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2004 Nov 30;104(1-2):91-101
references.pmid: 15530743
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Dec;42(12):5849-53
references.pmid: 15583323
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2003 Jan 2;91(1):41-56
references.pmid: 12441230
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2004 Aug 19;102(1-2):95-6
references.pmid: 15288931
references.citation: Int J Med Microbiol. 2007 Jun;297(3):163-76
references.pmid: 17374506
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Jan;43(1):66-73
references.pmid: 15634952
references.citation: Microb Drug Resist. 2008 Dec;14(4):299-306
references.pmid: 19025467
references.citation: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008 Aug;62(2):296-302
references.pmid: 18456652
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Sep;70(9):5698-700
references.pmid: 15345464
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2005 Jun 15;108(1-2):75-87
references.pmid: 15917135
references.citation: J Vet Med Sci. 2007 Oct;69(10):1009-14
references.pmid: 17984587
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2004 Jun;21(6):1085-94
references.pmid: 15014151
references.citation: Microbiol Immunol. 2006;50(12):961-6
references.pmid: 17179663
references.citation: Res Microbiol. 2008 May;159(4):288-93
references.pmid: 18434099
references.citation: Environ Microbiol. 2008 Oct;10(10):2484-96
references.pmid: 18518895
references.citation: Res Vet Sci. 2002 Aug;73(1):27-35
references.pmid: 12208104
references.citation: Avian Dis. 1998 Jan-Mar;42(1):106-18
references.pmid: 9533087
references.citation: Avian Dis. 2004 Apr-Jun;48(2):351-60
references.pmid: 15283422
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Oct;44(10):3484-92
references.pmid: 17021071
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2005 Apr 10;106(3-4):275-85
references.pmid: 15778034
references.citation: Poult Sci. 2008 Aug;87(8):1643-8
references.pmid: 18648061
references.citation: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Jul;47(7):2161-8
references.pmid: 12821463
references.citation: Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1999 Aug;46(6):399-404
references.pmid: 10481623
references.citation: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Jun;57(6):1210-4
references.pmid: 16603644
references.citation: Vet Res Commun. 2009 Apr;33(4):379-86
references.pmid: 19005772
references.citation: PLoS One. 2009;4(1):e4232
references.pmid: 19156210
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Oct;45(10):3366-76
references.pmid: 17652485
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Oct;66(10):4555-8
references.pmid: 11010916
references.citation: FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 1995 Oct;12(2):85-90
references.pmid: 8589667
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 2000 Jan;181(1):261-72
references.pmid: 10608775
references.citation: Poult Sci. 2008 Sep;87(9):1841-8
references.pmid: 18753453
references.citation: J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2006 Sep;53(7):333-40
references.pmid: 16930278
references.citation: Microb Pathog. 2008 Nov-Dec;45(5-6):361-9
references.pmid: 18848980
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2006 Aug;188(16):5975-83
references.pmid: 16885466