title: von Hippel-Lindau protein regulates transition from the fetal to the adult circulatory system in retina.
abstract: In early neonates, the fetal circulatory system undergoes dramatic transition to the adult circulatory system. Normally, embryonic connecting vessels, such as the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale, close and regress. In the neonatal retina, hyaloid vessels maintaining blood flow in the embryonic retina regress, and retinal vessels take over to form the adult-type circulatory system. This process is regulated by a programmed cell death switch mediated by macrophages via Wnt and angiopoietin 2 pathways. In this study, we seek other mechanisms that regulate this process, and focus on the dramatic change in oxygen environment at the point of birth. The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) is a substrate recognition component of an E3-ubiquitin ligase that rapidly destabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor alphas (HIF-alphas) under normoxic, but not hypoxic, conditions. To examine the role of oxygen-sensing mechanisms in retinal circulatory system transition, we generated retina-specific conditional-knockout mice for VHL (Vhl(alpha)(-CreKO) mice). These mice exhibit arrested transition from the fetal to the adult circulatory system, persistence of hyaloid vessels and poorly formed retinal vessels. These defects are suppressed by intraocular injection of FLT1-Fc protein [a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-1 (FLT1)/Fc chimeric protein that can bind VEGF and inhibit its activity], or by inactivating the HIF-1alpha gene. Our results suggest that not only macrophages but also tissue oxygen-sensing mechanisms regulate the transition from the fetal to the adult circulatory system in the retina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: Keiyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takubo
authors.forename: Kousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: M Celeste
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Randall S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suematsu
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Nobuhito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goda
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein
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