title: Small cell gallbladder carcinoma complicated by paraneoplastic hyponatremia: a case report and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gallbladder carcinoma has been associated with various paraneoplastic syndromes. These may be the presenting manifestations that lead the clinician to a diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of small cell gallbladder carcinoma complicated by paraneoplastic hyponatremia. The hyponatremia was further exacerbated by platinum-based chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There have previously been no reports of paraneoplastic hyponatremia in gallbladder carcinoma. We discuss the management of this problem and also provide a short literature review on the other paraneoplastic syndromes associated with gallbladder carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms and signs of gallbladder cancer may be insidious. Thorough workup is needed if the patient presents with symptoms and signs of a paraneoplastic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Esther S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Kotamma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Venkateswaran
authors.forename: Shridhar I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Ganpathi
authors.forename: Benjamin Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Chuah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*
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