title: Antioxidant-rich oral supplements attenuate the effects of oral iron on in situ oxidation susceptibility of human feces.
abstract: Prophylactic doses of 120 mg of iron (Fe) are commonly used to prevent Fe-deficiency anemia in vulnerable populations, especially in developing countries. Evidence shows that residual Fe in the large bowel may alter the normal antioxidant capacity of the fecal stream. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of dietary antioxidants from the Carotino Tocotrienol-Carotene Mixed Concentrate (CTCMC) on the depletion of fecal antioxidant capacity by oral Fe supplementation. In total, 17 healthy male adults participated in the 2 phases of the study, 5 in the pilot study and 12 in the definitive intervention trial. Participants received different treatments, separated by washout periods. These included: 120 mg Fe; 120 mg Fe and refined palm oil (FeOil); and 120 mg Fe in refined palm oil combined with 1 of 2 dosages (0.4 g and 0.8 g) of CTCMC/5 mL of refined palm oil (CTCB and CTCA treatments, respectively). Fecal samples were collected and analyzed to quantify the products of hydroxyl radical attack on salicylic acid (2,5 dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid, and catechol) at baseline and after active supplementation. Fe supplementation in either form (Fe or FeOil treatments) increased the concentrations of hydroxylated compounds in fecal samples. The production of hydroxylated compounds was significantly lower in treatments CTCB and CTCA than in the FeOil reference. Baseline antioxidant capacity state was virtually restored with dietary carotenoids and tocotrienols from the CTCMC. In conclusion, dietary antioxidants can reverse the depletion of fecal antioxidant capacity induced by oral Fe supplements.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging, and Metabolism, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Mónica N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Orozco
authors.forename: Noel W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Solomons
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schümann
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Friel
authors.forename: Ana Luisa Mendizábal
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: de Montenegro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017846:Longitudinal Ligaments; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007501:Iron