title: Optimization of Fenton oxidation pre-treatment for B. thuringiensis - based production of value added products from wastewater sludge.
abstract: Fenton oxidation pretreatment was investigated for enhancement of biodegradability of wastewater sludge (WWS) which was subsequently used as substrate for the production of value- added products. The Response surface method with fractional factorial and central composite designs was applied to determine the effects of Fenton parameters on solubilization and biodegradability of sludge and the optimization of the Fenton process. Maximum solubilization and biodegradability were obtained as 70% and 74%, respectively at the optimal conditions: 0.01 ml H(2)O(2)/g SS, 150 [H(2)O(2)](0)/[Fe(2+)](0), 25 g/L TS, at 25 degrees C and 60 min duration. Further, these optimal conditions were tested for the production of a value added product, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) which is being used as a biopesticide in the agriculture and forestry sector. It was observed that Bt growth using Fenton oxidized sludge as a substrate was improved with a maximum total cell count of 1.63 x 10(9)CFU ml(-1) and 96% sporulation after 48 h of fermentation. The results were also tested against ultrasonication treatment and the total cell count was found to be 4.08 x 10(8)CFU ml(-1) with a sporulation of 90%. Hence, classic Fenton oxidation was demonstrated to be a rather more promising chemical pre-treatment for Bt - based biopesticide production using WWS when compared to ultrasonication as a physical pre-treatment.
authors.affiliation: INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
authors.forename: T T H
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Brar
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Surampalli
mesh_terms: D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C045076:Fenton's reagent; D012722:Sewage; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron