title: Skeletal muscle protein balance in mTOR heterozygous mice in response to inflammation and leucine.
abstract: Sepsis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may decrease skeletal muscle protein synthesis by impairing mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) activity. The role of mTOR in regulating muscle protein synthesis was assessed in wild-type (WT) and mTOR heterozygous (+/-) mice under basal conditions and in response to LPS and/or leucine stimulation. No difference in body weight of mTOR(+/-) mice was observed compared with WT mice; whereas whole body lean body mass was reduced. Gastrocnemius weight was decreased in mTOR(+/-) mice, which was attributable in part to a reduced rate of basal protein synthesis. LPS decreased muscle protein synthesis in WT and mTOR(+/-) mice to the same extent. Reduced muscle protein synthesis in mTOR(+/-) mice under basal and LPS-stimulated conditions was associated with lower 4E-BP1 and S6K1 phosphorylation. LPS also decreased PRAS40 phosphorylation and increased phosphorylation of raptor and IRS-1 (Ser(307)) to the same extent in WT and mTOR(+/-) mice. Muscle atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA content was elevated in mTOR(+/-) mice under basal conditions, implying increased ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis, but the LPS-induced increase in these atrogenes was comparable between groups. Plasma insulin and IGF-I as well as tissue expression of TNFalpha, IL-6, or NOS2 did not differ between WT and mTOR(+/-) mice. Finally, whereas LPS impaired the ability of leucine to stimulate muscle protein synthesis and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in WT mice, this inflammatory state rendered mTOR(+/-) mice leucine unresponsive. These data support the idea that the LPS-induced reduction in mTOR activity is relatively more important in regulating skeletal muscle mass in response to nutrient stimulation than under basal conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. clang@psu.edu
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bronson
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Vary
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002678:Chimera; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D000076223:Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C499527:Eif4ebp1 protein, mouse; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D000076223:Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR; C540162:Rptor protein, mouse; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; C508191:proline-rich Akt substrate, 40 kDa protein, mouse; D012313:RNA; C486691:Fbxo32 protein, mouse; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases; C499084:Trim63 protein, mouse; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; C512964:Rps6ka1 protein, mouse; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D007930:Leucine
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