title: Epilepsy surgery, antiepileptic drug trials, and the role of evidence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed whether recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are informed by evidence about surgical effectiveness. We explored whether RCTs of AEDs consider the patients' candidacy for surgery in their eligibility criteria, and whether the necessary investigations are requested in participating patients to determine their potential eligibility for surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We systematically analyzed RCTs published in the last 2 years investigating the efficacy of new AEDs in localization-related epilepsy. Results from a surgical RCT and recommendations from an epilepsy surgery practice parameter were used to assess the degree to which surgical evidence informed the drug study design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven RCTs were analyzed. All were conducted in countries with access to epilepsy surgery. None of the studies required magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with an epilepsy protocol or explicit statement of the epilepsy syndrome, which could lead to the identification of surgical candidates. Having temporal lobe epilepsy or being a potential surgical candidate were not exclusion criteria in any of the trials. The primary efficacy end point was the reduction in seizure frequency or responder rate. Seizure freedom was never the primary outcome, and it was reported in only seven studies. The pooled data analysis of these trials revealed that 1.9% of patients became seizure-free on placebo and 4.4% on the study drug (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Important aspects of patient selection for new AED trials are not informed by the evidence about surgical effectiveness. Investigations that could lead to identification of patients for presurgical evaluation were not required in any of the studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary. janszky@index.hu
authors.forename: Jozsef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janszky
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Csilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gyimesi
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fogarasi
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doczi
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiebe
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants