title: Regional brain metabolic correlates of self-reported depression severity contrasted with clinician ratings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We compared brain-map correlations of relative cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRglu) with psychopathologic factors derived from the self-rated Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and factors from the clinician-rated Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) factors, seeking an anatomic basis for differences in self and clinician ratings.
  
  
  METHODS
  [(18)F]-FDG Positron Emission Tomography generated rCMRglu, SPM-estimated, voxel-level, brain correlation maps with BDI factor scores and HDRS factor scores in medication-free major depressive disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regional brain correlates of BDI are more extensive than HDRS, even when adjusting for variance accounted for by the HDRS. Factors comprising the BDI were associated with distinct cortical and subcortical regions. The degree of overlap in factor correlation brain maps is explained by the variance shared by BDI and HDRS factor scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self and clinician-rated aspects of depression have common and distinct neuroanatomic correlates that reflect correlations between rating scales, but correlations between glucose metabolism and self-rated depression were anatomically more extensive in this sample. Findings highlight the importance and biological underpinnings of these subjective features of major depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. mmilak@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Milak
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keilp
authors.forename: Ramin V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Parsey
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oquendo
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: J John
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000378:metabolism; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000378:metabolism; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose
references.citation: J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1993 Fall;5(4):384-94
references.pmid: 8286936
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2003 Sep;3(3):207-33
references.pmid: 14672157
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2001 Nov 1;50(9):651-8
references.pmid: 11704071
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2001 Aug 1;50(3):171-8
references.pmid: 11513815
references.citation: Brain. 1994 Dec;117 ( Pt 6):1241-53
references.pmid: 7820563
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960 Feb;23:56-62
references.pmid: 14399272
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 2008 Jan;69(1):23-31
references.pmid: 18312034
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1999 Apr 1;19(7):2834-40
references.pmid: 10087094
references.citation: J Nucl Med. 1994 Jun;35(6):929-34
references.pmid: 8195877
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 1992 Nov-Dec;2(6):435-43
references.pmid: 1477524
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 2002 Nov 15;14(8):1215-29
references.pmid: 12495527
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Mar 27;98(7):4259-64
references.pmid: 11259662
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2002 Mar 1;51(5):387-99
references.pmid: 11904133
references.citation: J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997 Summer;9(3):471-81
references.pmid: 9276848
references.citation: Psychol Med. 1993 Aug;23(3):579-90
references.pmid: 7901863
references.citation: Prog Brain Res. 2000;126:413-31
references.pmid: 11105660
references.citation: Nervenarzt. 1991 Nov;62(11):689-96
references.pmid: 1770969
references.citation: Brain. 1993 Dec;116 ( Pt 6):1541-8
references.pmid: 8293286
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1993 Dec;56(12):1290-4
references.pmid: 8270929
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2001 Oct;66(2-3):139-46
references.pmid: 11578666
references.citation: Brain. 2002 Aug;125(Pt 8):1808-14
references.pmid: 12135971
references.citation: Science. 1989 Feb 24;243(4894 Pt 1):1071-4
references.pmid: 2784226
references.citation: Psychol Med. 1992 Aug;22(3):607-15
references.pmid: 1410086
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1999 May;156(5):675-82
references.pmid: 10327898
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2003 Aug;19(4):1381-94
references.pmid: 12948696
references.citation: Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 1997 Sep;55(3A):423-6
references.pmid: 9629359
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2008 Feb;38(2):289-300
references.pmid: 17922940
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;164(1):134-41
references.pmid: 17202555
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Feb;156(2):181-9
references.pmid: 9989552
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 2002 Aug 15;14(6):913-21
references.pmid: 12191458
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001 Jun;2(6):417-24
references.pmid: 11389475
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1991 Jun;148(6):784-9
references.pmid: 2035722
references.citation: Neuroreport. 1997 Mar 3;8(4):1057-61
references.pmid: 9141092
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Nov 21;92(24):11180-4
references.pmid: 7479961
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1993 Jul;163:113-5
references.pmid: 8353678
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2004 May;22(1):409-18
references.pmid: 15110034
references.citation: Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry. 1974;7(0):151-69
references.pmid: 4412100
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2005 Jul;87(1):73-82
references.pmid: 15923041
references.citation: Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2002 Sep;15(3):184-91
references.pmid: 12218711
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Aug;161(8):1433-41
references.pmid: 15285970
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1998 Oct;22(6):883-901
references.pmid: 9809317
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 1998 Dec 15;44(12):1219-28
references.pmid: 9861465
references.citation: Behav Brain Sci. 2000 Apr;23(2):177-91; discussion 192-233
references.pmid: 11301577
references.citation: Brain. 1995 Feb;118 ( Pt 1):279-306
references.pmid: 7895011
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Jul;154(7):926-33
references.pmid: 9210742
references.citation: Przegl Lek. 2004;61(12):1374-7
references.pmid: 15850332
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2003 Jul;19(3):513-31
references.pmid: 12880784
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Apr;62(4):397-408
references.pmid: 15809407
references.citation: Compr Psychiatry. 2001 Mar-Apr;42(2):161-5
references.pmid: 11244153
references.citation: Psychol Med. 1994 Nov;24(4):849-57
references.pmid: 7892353
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999 May;38(5):566-72
references.pmid: 10230188
references.citation: Science. 1999 Nov 26;286(5445):1692-5
references.pmid: 10576727
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Feb 15;97(4):1944-8
references.pmid: 10677559