title: Tea, coffee, carbonated soft drinks and upper gastrointestinal tract cancer risk in a large United States prospective cohort study.
abstract: The authors investigated the relationship between hot tea, iced tea, coffee and carbonated soft drinks consumption and upper gastrointestinal tract cancers risk in the NIH-AARP Study. During 2,584,953 person-years of follow-up on 481,563 subjects, 392 oral cavity, 178 pharynx, 307 larynx, 231 gastric cardia, 224 gastric non-cardia cancer, 123 Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) and 305 Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma (EADC) cases were accrued. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by multivariate-adjusted Cox regression. Compared to non-drinking, the hazard ratio for hot tea intake of > or =1 cup/day was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.70) for pharyngeal cancer. The authors also observed a significant association between coffee drinking and risk of gastric cardia cancer (compared to <1 cup/day, the hazard ratio for drinking >3 cups/day was 1.57 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.39)), and an inverse association between coffee drinking and EADC for the cases occurring in the last 3 years of follow-up (compared to <1 cup/day, the hazard ratio for drinking >3 cups/day was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.31, 0.92)), but no association in earlier follow-up. In summary, hot tea intake was inversely associated with pharyngeal cancer, and coffee was directly associated with gastric cardia cancer, but was inversely associated with EADC during some follow-up periods.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kamangar
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dawsey
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hollenbeck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schatzkin
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Abnet
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea
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