title: Inpatient rehabilitation specifically designed for geriatric patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of inpatient rehabilitation specifically designed for geriatric patients compared with usual care on functional status, admissions to nursing homes, and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review and meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline, Embase, Cochrane database, and reference lists from published literature. Review methods Only randomised controlled trials were included. Trials had to report on inpatient rehabilitation and report at least one of functional improvement, admission to nursing homes, or mortality. Trials of consultation or outpatient services, trials including patients aged <55, trials of non-multidisciplinary rehabilitation, and trials without a control group receiving usual care were excluded. Data were double extracted. Odds ratios and relative risks with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  17 trials with 4780 people comparing the effects of general or orthopaedic geriatric rehabilitation programmes with usual care were included. Meta-analyses of effects indicated an overall benefit in outcomes at discharge (odds ratio 1.75 (95% confidence interval 1.31 to 2.35) for function, relative risk 0.64 (0.51 to 0.81) for nursing home admission, relative risk 0.72 (0.55 to 0.95) for mortality) and at end of follow-up (1.36 (1.07 to 1.71), 0.84 (0.72 to 0.99), 0.87 (0.77 to 0.97), respectively). Limited data were available on impact on health care or cost. Compared with those in control groups, weighted mean length of hospital stay after randomisation was longer in patients allocated to general geriatric rehabilitation (24.5 v 15.1 days) and shorter in patients allocated to orthopaedic rehabilitation (24.6 v 28.9 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inpatient rehabilitation specifically designed for geriatric patients has the potential to improve outcomes related to function, admission to nursing homes, and mortality. Insufficient data are available for defining characteristics and cost effectiveness of successful programmes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 10, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Finger
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huss
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Egger
authors.forename: Andreas E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Stuck
authors.forename: Kerri M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Clough-Gorr
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000368:Aged; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000401:mortality / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011379:Prognosis; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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