The impact of platelets on the progression of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to analyze the association of the initial platelet count with mortality and progression of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in blunt traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients.


METHODS
All blunt trauma patients with severe TBI admitted from January 2006 to December 2007 were retrospectively identified. Patients with a chest, abdomen, or extremity AIS score >3 were excluded to minimize the impact of concomitant injuries on the outcomes of the patients. All brain computed tomography scans were reviewed to analyze ICH progression. Discrete platelet cutoff values were entered into a multiple regression model to detect critical thresholds associated with ICH progression and mortality.


RESULTS
Of 626 TBI patients, 310 (49.5%) had a minimum of two brain computed tomography scans and were able to have ICH progression evaluated. Patients with platelets <175,000/mm3 had a significantly increased risk for ICH progression (OR [95% CI]: 2.09 [1.07-4.37]; adjusted p = 0.043). ICH progression was associated with increased need for craniotomy (OR [95% CI]: 3.27 [1.28-8.33]; adjusted p = 0.013) and mortality (OR [95% CI]: 3.41 [1.11-10.53]; adjusted p = 0.033). A platelet count <100,000/m3 was an independent predictor for mortality (OR [95% CI]: 9.5 [1.3-71.4]; adjusted p = 0.029).


CONCLUSIONS
A platelet count <100,000/mm3 is associated with a ninefold adjusted risk of death, and a platelet count <175,000/mm3 is a significant predictor of ICH progression. The impact of early correction of the admission platelet count warrants further validation.
Schnüriger
Beat
B
Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Los Angeles County Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Inaba
Kenji
K
Abdelsayed
George A
GA
Lustenberger
Thomas
T
Eberle
Barbara M
BM
Barmparas
Galinos
G
Talving
Peep
P
Demetriades
Demetrios
D
D000328:Adult; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D020198:Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D010976:Platelet Count; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed