title: Comparative study between conventional en-masse retraction (sliding mechanics) and en-masse retraction using orthodontic micro implant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the difference between rate of en-masse retraction with mini-implant and molar anchorage.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparative study consisting of 14 patients (all females) randomized into 2 groups. Seven in group I (nonimplant) molar was used as anchor for en-masse retraction of anterior teeth (mean age 16 years SD +/- 1.41). In group II (implant), mini-implant was used as anchorage to retract the anterior teeth (mean age 17.36 SD +/- 1.35). In both groups, all first premolars were extracted. After leveling and aligning, surgical steel mini-implant of 1.3 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length were placed between the roots of second premolar and first molar in the maxilla in the implant group. Implants were immediately loaded with 2 N of force. In nonimplant group molar was used as anchorage. The retraction and postretraction lateral cephalograms were taken. Rate of retraction and anchor loss were measured by using pterygoid vertical in maxilla.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four implants became loose during the treatment, which were subsequently replaced. The stability of surgical steel in this study was 71.4%. Student t test were used to analyze the treatment charges in 2 groups. Mean anchor loss in maxilla in nonimplant group. No differences in the mean rate of retraction time were noted in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mini-implants provided absolute anchorage in patients requiring maximum anterior retraction. No differences in the mean retraction time were noted between 2 groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysore 570 015, Karnataka, India. arha100@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Asim Ghouse
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Basha
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shantaraj
authors.forename: Shivalinga B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Mogegowda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D002508:Cephalometry; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla; D008963:Molar; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D012690:Serial Extraction; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D013193:Stainless Steel