Neurologic manifestations of the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome.
BACKGROUND
The cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is a rare but treatable hereditary autoinflammatory condition. Without treatment, one third of patients develop amyloidosis with consequent renal failure and death. CAPS encompasses 3 conditions: familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome, and chronic infantile, neurologic, cutaneous, and articular syndrome. Neurologic complications are common in children with the chronic infantile, neurologic, cutaneous, and articular phenotype, but there are no previous published reports of neurologic features in adults with milder phenotypes.


METHODS
In this case series, we report in detail an adult case of CAPS and summarize the neurologic features seen in 12 other adults with genetically proven CAPS. These patients participated in a recent randomized study of canakinumab in CAPS and we used pretreatment data collected in this study.


RESULTS
Twelve of the 13 patients (92%) had headache, of whom 10 (77%) had features of migraine. Seven patients (54%) had sensorineural deafness. Nine patients (69%) reported myalgia. Six patients (46%) had papilledema and a further 2 (15%) had optic disc pallor. MRI brain scan was normal in all patients.


CONCLUSIONS
CAPS is a rare but treatable condition that may be encountered by neurologists in adult clinical practice since it can present with headache, myalgia, papilledema, sensorineural deafness, and aseptic meningitis. Unrecognized and untreated, it can lead to significant morbidity and mortality from renal failure. Treatment with anti-interleukin-1 therapy leads to complete resolution of symptoms and should also prevent progression to amyloidosis and subsequent renal failure.
Kitley
Joanna L
JL
Wessex Neurological Centre, Southampton General Hospital, UK.
Lachmann
Helen J
HJ
Pinto
Ashwin
A
Ginsberg
Lionel
L
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D056587:Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008582:Meningitis, Aseptic / Q000209:etiology; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D009154:Mutation; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D009420:Nervous System / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010211:Papilledema / Q000209:etiology; D010641:Phenotype; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; C453881:NLRP3 protein, human; C541220:canakinumab