title: PKCalpha expression is a marker for breast cancer aggressiveness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are potential targets for breast cancer therapy. This study was designed to evaluate which PKC isoforms might be optimal targets for different breast cancer subtypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In two cohorts of primary breast cancers, PKCalpha levels correlated to estrogen and progesterone receptor negativity, tumor grade, and proliferative activity, whereas PKCdelta and PKCepsilon did not correlate to clinicopathological parameters. Patients with PKCalpha-positive tumors showed poorer survival than patients with PKCalpha-negative tumors independently of other factors. Cell line studies demonstrated that PKCalpha levels are high in MDA-MB-231 and absent in T47D cells which proliferated slower than other cell lines. Furthermore, PKCalpha silencing reduced proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. PKCalpha inhibition or downregulation also reduced cell migration in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PKCalpha is a marker for poor prognosis of breast cancer and correlates to and is important for cell functions associated with breast cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, SE- 205 02 Malmö, Sweden. Gry.Kalstad_Lonne@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Gry Kalstad
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lønne
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cornmark
authors.forename: Iris Omanovic
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Zahirovic
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Landberg
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jirström
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C496628:PRKCA protein, human; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon
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