Benzodiazepines for neuropathic back pain: when the cure is worse than the disease.
Cohen
Steven P
SP
Department of Surgery, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA Department of Anesthesiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 North Broadway, Suite 301, Baltimore, MD 21029, USA Tel.: +1 410 955 1818; fax: +1 410 614 7597.
D000698:Analgesia / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001569:Benzodiazepines
Airaksinen O, Brox JI, Cedraschi C, Hildebrandt J, Klaber-Moffett J, Kovacs F, Mannion AF, Reis S, Staal JB, Ursin H, Zanoli G., COST B13 Working Group on Guidelines for chronic low back pain. Chapter 4: European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain. Eur Spine J. 2006;15:S192-S300.
Brötz D, Maschke E, Burkard S, Engel C, Mänz C, Ernemann U, Wick W, Weller M. Is there a role for benzodiazepines in the management of lumbar disc prolapsed with acute sciatica? Pain. 2010;149:470-475.
Butler SF, Budman SH, Fernandez K, Jamison RN. Validation of a screener and opioid assessment measure for patients with chronic pain. Pain. 2004;112:65-75.
Chou R, Baisden J, Carragee EJ, Resnick DK, Shaffer WO, Loeser JD. Surgery for low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society clinical practice guideline. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34:1094-1109.
Chou R, Huffman LH. Nonpharmacologic therapies for acute and chronic low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society/American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:492-504.
Cohen SP, Argoff CE, Carragee EJ. Management of low back pain. BMJ. 2008;337:a2718.
Cohen SP, Mullings R, Abdi S. The pharmacological treatment of muscle pain. Anesthesiology. 2004;101:495-526.
Crow WT, Willis DR. Estimating cost of care for patients with acute low back pain: a retrospective review of patient records. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2009;109:229-233.
Fang SY, Chen CY, Chang IS, Wu EC, Chang CM, Lin KM. Predictors of the incidence and discontinuation of long-term use of benzodiazepines: a population-based study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009;104:140-146.
Freynhagen R, Baron R, Gockel U, Tolle TR. PainDETECT: a new screening questionnaire to identify neuropathic components in patients with back pain. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22:1911-1920.
Gatchel RJ, Polatin PB, Noe C, Gardea M, Pulliam C, Thompson J. Treatment- and cost-effectiveness of early intervention for acute low-back pain patients: a one-year prospective study. J Occup Rehabil. 2003;13:1-9.
Geisser ME, Ranavaya M, Haig AJ, Roth RS, Zucker R, Ambroz C, Caruso M. A meta-analytic review of surface electromyography among persons with low back pain and normal, healthy controls. J Pain. 2005;6:711-726.
Iencean SM. Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation following experimental intradiscal pressure increase. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2000;142:669-676.
Krumholz HM, Radford MJ, Wang Y, Chen J, Heiat A, Marciniak TA. National use and effectiveness of beta-blockers for the treatment of elderly patients after acute myocardial infarction: National Cooperative Cardiovascular Project. JAMA. 1998;280:623-629.
Matsumoto RR. GABA receptors: are cellular differences reflected in function? Brain Res Rev. 1989;14:203-225.
Mens JM. The use of medication in low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2005;19:609-621.
Patterson DR, Ptacek JT, Carrougher GJ, Sharar SR. Lorazepam as an adjunct to opioid analgesics in the treatment of burn pain. Pain. 1997;72:367-374.
Schwarzer AC, Aprill CN, Derby R, Fortin J, Kine G, Bogduk N. The prevalence and clinical features of internal disc disruption in patients with chronic low back pain. Spine. 1995;20:1878-1883.
Torrance N, Smith BH, Watson MC, Bennett MI. Medication and treatment use in primary care patients with chronic pain of predominantly neuropathic origin. Fam Pract. 2007;24:481-485.
Tosteson AN, Skinner JS, Tosteson TD, Lurie JD, Andersson GB, Berven S, Grove MR, Hanscom B, Blood EA, Weinstein JN. The cost effectiveness of surgical versus nonoperative treatment for lumbar disc herniation over two years: evidence from the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT). Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33:2108-2115.
van Tulder MW, Touray T, Furlan AD, Solway S, Bouter LM. Muscle relaxants for nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane collaboration. Spine. 2003;28:1978-1992.
Weinstein JN, Tosteson TD, Lurie JD, Tosteson AN, Hanscom B, Skinner JS, Abdu WA, Hilibrand AS, Boden SD, Deyo RA. Surgical vs nonoperative treatment for lumbar disk herniation: the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT): a randomized trial. JAMA. 2006;296:2441-2450.