title: Direct-to-consumer advertising: Australian pharmacists' experiences with non-prescription medicines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of over-the-counter or prescribed medicines is a highly controversial issue relating to public health care. Advocates highlight the advantages of DTCA in terms of patient awareness and autonomy. Opponents voice concerns about safety and patients' best interests. The views of physicians and consumers about DTCA have been widely investigated. There has been little research, however, in relation to pharmacists' experiences with DTCA and the impact of DTCA on pharmacy practice. The aim of this study was therefore to explore pharmacists' perceptions of DTCA in Australia and its impact on pharmacy practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted with a purposive convenience sample of retail pharmacists in Sydney, Australia. Interviews were recorded, transcribed ad verbatim and continued until data saturation. Emerging themes were extracted and analysed according to the grounded theory approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pharmacists participating in this study reported concern about potential harm to patient health and well-being as a result of the influence of DTCA. DTCA was seen to impede pharmacists in the discharge of their fundamental ethical responsibilities, leading to a strong sense of disempowerment. Pharmacists' gate-keeping role was challenged by DTCA encouraging consumers to self-medicate and inducing a range of drug-seeking behaviours. Although pharmacists acknowledged that DTCA may have a role in promoting patient autonomy, in practice DTCA compromised their role in safeguarding consumers from inappropriate use of medicines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlighted that the impact of DTCA is not restricted to prescription medicines, but extended also to over-the-counter, pharmacist-only and other pharmacy-related products. Pharmacists perceived that DTCA disempowered them, compromising their role in safeguarding the community from inappropriate medicine use.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. b.chaar@pharm.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chaar
authors.forename: Kenelm
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kwong
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising / Q000379:methods*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001315:Australia; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000191:economics; D054626:Consumer Health Information / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D024382:Professional Role / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D004366:Nonprescription Drugs