title: Effects of mercury on Dictyostelium discoideum: proteomics reveals the molecular mechanisms of physiological adaptation and toxicity.
abstract: Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae were exposed to Hg 2 microM corresponding to a sublethal concentration and Hg 10 microM with the first effects on mortality and replication rate. A total of 900 spots were visualized by 2-DE electrophoresis. Two-hundred fifty single proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Low Hg concentration (2 microM) treatment induced up-regulation of 13 spots, mainly involved in oxidative stress response/detoxification, oxidoreductase activity, and metabolic processes. High Hg concentration (10 microM) treatment showed a different PES with 12 proteins downregulated and only two up-regulated, mainly involved in cellular metabolic processes, metal ion binding, and transferase activity. The analyses for the carbonylation show no changes after 2 microM Hg(2+) treatment and 13 differentially carbonylated proteins after 10 microM Hg(2+) involved in a broad range of cellular processes. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms of physiological adaptation and toxicity to a low and an high mercury concentration, respectively, of Dictyostelium amoebae.
authors.affiliation: Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro - Alessandria, Novara, Vercelli, Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (DISAV), Alessandria, Italy. francesco.marsano@mfn.unipmn.it
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marsano
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boatti
authors.forename: Elia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ranzato
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavaletto
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Magnelli
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dondero
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viarengo
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008628:Mercury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008628:Mercury