title: Synthetic CDCA derivatives-induced apoptosis of stomach cancer cell line SNU-1 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to explore whether CDCA derivatives induce apoptosis in a stomach cancer cell line, and to dissect the detailed mechanism underlying apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The human stomach cancer cell line, SNU-1, cells were treated with the synthetic CDCA derivatives, HS-1199 and HS-1200. DNA and mitochondrial stains were used to detect apoptotic cells by fluorescence imaging or flow cytometry. The caspase-3 activity was measured by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the HS-1199 and HS-1200 induced decreased viabilities of the SNU-1 cells, in time-dependent manners. The CDCA derivatives demonstrated various apoptosis hallmarks, such as mitochondrial changes (reduction of MMP, cytochrome c release, and Smac/ DIABLO translocation), activation of caspase-3 (resulting in the degradation of PARP and DFF45), DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CDCA derivatives, HS-1199 and HS-1200, both induced apoptosis of the SNU-1 gastric cancer cells in caspase- and mitochondria-dependent fashions. Many important issues relating to their therapeutic applications remain to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Bongkyung
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Min-Chan
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joo-sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
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