title: Essential-oil composition, antileishmanial, and toxicity study of Artemisia abyssinica and Satureja punctata ssp. punctata from Ethiopia.
abstract: Essential oils of Artemisia abyssinica and Satureja punctata ssp. punctata from Ethiopia were analyzed by GC and GC/MS, and screened for leishmanicidal activity against promastigote and axenic amastigotes of Leishmania donovani and L. aethiopica, including toxicity studies on human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) and erythrocytes in vitro. GC/MS of A. abyssinica oil revealed 67 compounds (99.94%) with the major constituents yomogi alcohol (38.47%), artemisyl acetate (24.88%), and artemisia alcohol (6.70%), and oxygenated monoterpenes (84.00%) as the dominant group. The oil of S. punctata contained 67 compounds (99.49%) with the main constituents geranial (27.62%), neral (21.72%), alpha-bisabolol (13.62%), and (E)-nerolidol (4.82%), of which oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenes (58.39 and 26.91%, resp.) showed highest abundance. Both oils showed effect on promastigotes (MIC 76.5 to 312.5 nl/ml) and amastigotes (EC(50) 4.06 to 131.00 nl/ml) of L. donovani and L. aethiopica, and varying toxicities on THP-1 cells (CC(50) 0.013 to 350 nl/ml with selectivity index between 0.001 and 28) and erythrocytes (with LC(50) 0.35 to 1.52 microl/ml). S. punctata oil exerted highest activity against both Leishmania sp. and toxicity. The revealed antileishmanial activities support further isolation and investigation of oil constituents for in vitro/in vivo evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Yinebeb
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tariku
authors.forename: Ariaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hymete
authors.forename: Asrat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hailu
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rohloff
mesh_terms: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D019306:Artemisia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D005002:Ethiopia; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007891:Leishmania / Q000187:drug effects*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D031362:Satureja / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile