title: Burnout in nurses - the relationship between social capital in hospitals and emotional exhaustion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between a hospital's social capital, individual decision latitude, workload and emotional exhaustion in nurses, controlling for age, sex, years of professional experience and job tenure.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In western countries between 15-45% of nurses working in hospitals suffer from burnout, characterised by emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and decreased personal performance. The prevention of burnout constitutes a great challenge to those responsible for the health care system, not least because burnout may cause increasing turnover rates in nurses and lead to medical mistakes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was mailed to 1325 nurses working at four hospitals in east and west Germany in 2002. Nine hundred and fifty nine nurses responded (response rate: 72.4%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Logistic regression identified three significant predictors of emotional exhaustion in nurses: workload (OR: 4.523, CI: 3.230-6.333) was positively associated with emotional exhaustion. Decision latitude (OR: 0.376, CI: 0.254-0.557) and social capital in the hospitals (OR: 0.549, CI: 0.403-0.746) were negatively associated with emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion was not affected by age, sex, years of professional experience and job tenure. Nagelkerke's Pseudo R(2) was 0.225.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings underline the importance of social capital and organisational development in hospital management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Efforts to create a good working atmosphere with readiness to provide mutual support and the pursuit of joint values in a hospital, the reduction of workload and increased decision latitude may prevent the development of emotional exhaustion in nurses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sociology, Institute and Polyclinic for Social and Occupational Medicine and Public Health, University of Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany. christoph.kowalski@uk-koeln.de
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ommen
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Driller
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ernstmann
authors.forename: Markus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wirtz
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pfaff
mesh_terms: D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004644:Emotions; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload