title: Dose convolution filter: incorporating spatial dose information into tissue response modeling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A model is introduced to integrate biological factors such as cell migration and bystander effects into physical dose distributions, and to incorporate spatial dose information in plan analysis and optimization.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model consists of a dose convolution filter (DCF) with single parameter sigma. Tissue response is calculated by an existing NTCP model with DCF-applied dose distribution as input. The authors determined sigma of rat spinal cord from published data. The authors also simulated the GRID technique, in which an open field is collimated into many pencil beams.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After applying the DCF, the NTCP model successfully fits the rat spinal cord data with a predicted value of sigma = 2.6 +/- 0.5 mm, consistent with 2 mm migration distances of remyelinating cells. Moreover, it enables the appropriate prediction of a high relative seriality for spinal cord. The model also predicts the sparing of normal tissues by the GRID technique when the size of each pencil beam becomes comparable to sigma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DCF model incorporates spatial dose information and offers an improved way to estimate tissue response from complex radiotherapy dose distributions. It does not alter the prediction of tissue response in large homogenous fields, but successfully predicts increased tissue tolerance in small or highly nonuniform fields.
authors.affiliation: Karmanos Cancer Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA. yhuang2@hfhs.org
authors.forename: Yimei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joiner
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yixiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burmeister
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D008954:Models, Biological; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D011881:Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*