title: Efficacy and safety of pantoprazole delayed-release granules for oral suspension in a placebo-controlled treatment-withdrawal study in infants 1-11 months old with symptomatic GERD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of pantoprazole in infants with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants ages 1 through 11 months with GERD symptoms after 2 weeks of conservative treatment received open-label (OL) pantoprazole 1.2 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) for 4 weeks followed by a 4-week randomized, double-blind (DB), placebo-controlled, withdrawal phase. The primary endpoint was withdrawal due to lack of efficacy in the DB phase. Mean weekly GERD symptom scores (WGSSs) were calculated from daily assessments of 5 GERD symptoms. Safety was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-eight patients entered OL treatment, and 106 made up the DB modified intent-to-treat population. Mean age was 5.1 months (82% full-term, 64% male). One third of patients had a GERD diagnostic test before OL study entry. WGSSs at week 4 were similar between groups. WGSSs decreased significantly from baseline during OL therapy (P < 0.001), when all patients received pantoprazole. The decrease in WGSSs was maintained during the DB phase in both treatment groups. There was no difference in withdrawal rates due to lack of efficacy (pantoprazole 6/52; placebo 6/54) or time to withdrawal during the DB phase. The greatest between-group difference in WGSS was slightly worse with placebo at week 5 (P = 0.09), mainly due to episodes of arching back (P = 0.028). No between-group differences in adverse event frequency were noted. Serious adverse events in 8 patients were considered unrelated to treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pantoprazole significantly improved GERD symptom scores and was well tolerated. However, during the DB treatment phase, there were no significant differences noted between pantoprazole and placebo in withdrawal rates due to lack of efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Harland
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kum-Nji
authors.forename: Suleman H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mahomedy
authors.forename: Jaroslaw
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kierkus
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hinz
authors.forename: Huihua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: Gail M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Comer
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D028761:Withholding Treatment
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D004304:Dosage Forms; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D000077402:Pantoprazole