title: Pharmacist collaborative management of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of pharmacist management of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus in a community-based primary care group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial of pharmacist management of diabetes compared with usual medical care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients 18 years or older with glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) levels of 9.0% or higher were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 52) or a control group (n = 51). Management in the control group included the use of registries and targeted patient outreach. The intervention group participated in the same outreach program plus medication management, patient education, and disease control by a pharmacist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nonparametric data showed median A1C decreases of 1.50% for the intervention group and 0.40% for the control group (P = .06). Significantly more patients in the intervention group improved their A1C level by at least 1.0% relative to the control group (67.3% vs 41.2%, P = .02). Most of this benefit was seen for patients of nonwhite race/ethnicity compared with control subjects (56.3% vs 22.7%, P = .03). Male patients showed significantly greater benefit as well, with a median A1C decrease of 1.90% vs 0.15% for controls (P = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with poorly controlled diabetes improved A1C levels significantly when pharmacist management was added to an aggressive organizational diabetes management program. Our results suggest that clinically trained pharmacists can help primary care providers improve diabetes management, especially among male patients and among patients of nonwhite race/ethnicity.
authors.affiliation: Ferris State University, Grand Rapids, MI 40503, USA. john@profjameson.com
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Jameson
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Baty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy*; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration; D018579:Patient Selection; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010595:Pharmacists; D011320:Primary Health Care; D024382:Professional Role; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents