title: Prefabricated zirconium dioxide implant abutments for single-tooth replacement in the posterior region: evaluation of peri-implant tissues and superstructures after 12 months of function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, prefabricated abutments made of zirconium dioxide Y-TZP (tetragonal zirconia polycrystals) were inserted into the posterior region under controlled clinical conditions. The aim was to test whether abutments made of zirconium dioxide are suitable for this indication. Investigation parameters included reactions of peri-implant tissue and the structural integrity of the all-ceramic superstructures on the implants. Results after 12 months in function are reported in this article.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty implants of the XiVE S plus screw-type implants (DENTSPLY Friadent) were inserted into the posterior region of 24 patients. After the healing period, the implants were provided with all-ceramic abutments made of zirconium dioxide Y-TZP (FRIADENT CERCON Abutment; DENTSPLY Friadent). All-ceramic crowns (CERCON smart ceramics; DENTSPLY DeguDent) were used as superstructures and cemented using the conventional method. The following parameters were used to document the state of soft tissue: modified plaque index (mPI), sulcus fluid flow rate (SFFR, Periotron; Oraflow Inc), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI) and pocket depth (ST). Mesial and distal bone levels were determined on radiographs during the prosthetic treatment and at the 12-month recall. The Periotest (Medizintechnik Gulden) was used to determine implant stability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All implants could be followed up after 12 months in function. In the presence of good oral hygiene (mPI: 0.5), the parameters SFFR (18) and mSBI (0.5) were indicative of stable and healthy soft tissue. ST was highest at the distal points of measurement (2.3 mm) and was generally at a low level. Compared with the baseline situation, proximal bone defects were reduced from -1.1 to -1 mm during the 12-month period of functioning. The mean Periost values at the 12-month recall were -1.9 in the maxilla and -3.8 in the mandible. Neither implant loss nor crown fractures occurred. Chipping of parts of the veneering ceramic was registered in four cases (10%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 12 months of wear, no mechanical failure was registered in any of the all-ceramic abutments. On clinical investigation, the peri-implant hard and soft tissues were largely healthy and devoid of inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic, Dentistry and Dental Materials Sciences, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany. zmkfnot@uniklinikum-saarland.de
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nothdurft
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pospiech
mesh_terms: D003442:Crowns; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010512:Periodontal Index; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003776:Dental Porcelain; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide