title: Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in multifocal motor neuropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is characterized by asymmetric weakness of limbs and the electrophysiological finding of conduction block in motor nerves. Conduction block is the inability of nerves to propagate action potentials and is probably caused by immune-mediated dysfunction of the axon at the nodes of Ranvier or the myelin sheath. MMN immune pathogenesis has not been elucidated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In approximately 50% of all patients, IgM antibodies that bind to the glycolipid GM1, which is abundantly expressed in peripheral motor nerves, can be detected. A recent study showed an association with HLA-DRB1*15, and virtually all patients respond to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in at least the early stages of the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review aims at providing a concise overview of what is known about MMN pathogenesis, and how the beneficial effect of IVIG might be explained.
authors.affiliation: Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: W-Ludo
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: van der Pol
authors.forename: Elisabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cats
authors.forename: Leonard H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: van den Berg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D020274:Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000276:immunology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D009431:Neural Conduction; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; C507799:HLA-DRB1*15 antigen; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside
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