title: Total antioxidant capacity intake and colorectal cancer risk in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) intake and colorectal cancer incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  TAC intake was assessed in 1986 and every 4 years thereafter in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, a prospective cohort study of 47,339 men. Between 1986 and 2004, 952 colorectal cancer cases were diagnosed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing the highest versus lowest quintile, TAC intake from foods only (dietary TAC) was not associated with colorectal (multivariate-RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.23) or colon (multivariate-RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.61) cancer risk, but was inversely associated with rectal cancer risk (multivariate-RR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.96). For the same comparison, TAC intake from foods and supplements (total TAC) was not associated with colorectal (multivariate-RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.14), colon (multivariate-RR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.33), or rectal (multivariate-RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.38) cancer risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary and total TAC intakes were not associated with colorectal and colon cancer risk. Dietary, but not total, TAC intake was inversely associated with rectal cancer risk, suggesting antioxidants per se may not be associated with rectal cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Bldg 2, Rm 355A, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Rmekary@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Rania A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mekary
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giovannucci
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiegelman
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Smith-Warner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006281:Health Occupations; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996 Jan;50(1):28-32
references.pmid: 8617188
references.citation: Biometrics. 1977 Jun;33(2):414-8
references.pmid: 884199
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Jan;53(1 Suppl):226S-237S
references.pmid: 1985392
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Nov;78(5):941-9
references.pmid: 14594780
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Mar 15;149(6):531-40
references.pmid: 10084242
references.citation: J Nutr. 2007 Jan;137(1):93-8
references.pmid: 17182807
references.citation: Proc Assoc Am Physicians. 1999 Jan-Feb;111(1):10-5
references.pmid: 9893152
references.citation: Curr Opin Lipidol. 2005 Feb;16(1):47-54
references.pmid: 15650563
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 1992 May 15;135(10):1114-26; discussion 1127-36
references.pmid: 1632423
references.citation: J Nutr. 2003 Sep;133(9):2812-9
references.pmid: 12949370
references.citation: Mutat Res. 2009 Mar 31;674(1-2):36-44
references.pmid: 18977455
references.citation: Anal Biochem. 1996 Jul 15;239(1):70-6
references.pmid: 8660627
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2004 Jan 20;108(3):433-42
references.pmid: 14648711
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2003 Aug 1;63(15):4295-8
references.pmid: 12907593
references.citation: J Nutr. 2002 Mar;132(3):461-71
references.pmid: 11880572
references.citation: J Am Diet Assoc. 1993 Jul;93(7):790-6
references.pmid: 8320406
references.citation: Lancet. 2004 Oct 2-8;364(9441):1219-28
references.pmid: 15464182
references.citation: Mutat Res. 2003 Feb-Mar;523-524:9-20
references.pmid: 12628499