Gold nanoparticles: opportunities and challenges in nanomedicine.
BACKGROUND
Site-specific drug delivery is an important area of research that is anticipated to increase the efficacy of the drug and reduce potential side effects. Owing to this, substantial work has been done developing non-invasive and targeted tumor treatment with nanoscale metallic particles.


METHODS
This review focuses on the work done in the last few years developing gold nanoparticles as cancer therapeutics and diagnostic agents. However, there are challenges in using gold nanoparticles as drug delivery systems, such as biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and possible toxicity. Approaches to limit these issues are proposed.


RESULTS
Different approaches from several different disciplines are discussed. Potential clinical applications of these engineered nanoparticles are also presented.


CONCLUSIONS
As a result of their unique size-dependent physicochemical and optical properties, adaptability, subcellular size and biocompatibility, these nanosized carriers offer a suitable means of transporting small molecules as well as biomacromolecules to diseased cells/tissues.
Arvizo
Rochelle
R
Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Bhattacharya
Resham
R
Mukherjee
Priyabrata
P
D004337:Drug Carriers; D006046:Gold; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D004337:Drug Carriers; D006046:Gold
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