title: Orthoses alter in vivo segmental foot kinematics during walking in patients with midfoot arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of a 4-week intervention with a full-length carbon graphite (FL) orthosis on pain and function in patients with midfoot arthritis, and to identify alterations in in vivo foot kinematics accompanying FL use in patients with midfoot arthritis. These results have immediate application for enhancing patient care through effective orthotic recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental laboratory study supplemented by a case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  University based clinical research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n=30) with midfoot arthritis and age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched control subjects (n=20).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four-week intervention with FL orthoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain and function were assessed using the Foot Function Index-Revised (FFI-R). In vivo foot kinematics were quantified as peak and total range of calcaneal eversion, forefoot abduction, first metatarsal plantarflexion, and first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion during walking in 2 conditions: with FL orthoses and with shoes only. A paired t test and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to assess statistical significance (alpha=.05) of change in FFI-R score and in vivo foot kinematics, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant improvements in pain and function, discerned as lower FFI-R scores (P<.001), were noted after the 4-week intervention with FL orthoses. During walking, FL orthosis use resulted in decreased first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion (P=.024) and first metatarsal plantarflexion range of motion (P=.038), compared with the shoe-only condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orthotic intervention emphasizing a "stiffening" strategy of the first metatarsal and first metatarsophalangeal joint may be valuable in patients with midfoot arthritis and early degenerative changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, New York University, New York, USA. smita.rao@nyu.edu
authors.forename: Smita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Judith F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Baumhauer
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tome
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nawoczenski
mesh_terms: D001168:Arthritis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008684:Metatarsus / Q000503:physiopathology; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D016138:Walking