title: [Evaluation of three-dimensional endoanal endosonography of perianal fistulas and correlation with surgical findings].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to assess the accuracy of three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound (3D-US), two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-US) and physical examination (PE) for the diagnosis of perianal fistulas and correlate the results with intraoperative findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, observational study with consecutive inclusion of patients was performed between December 2008 and August 2009. Twenty-nine patients diagnosed with a perianal fistula due to undergo surgery were included. All patients underwent PE, 2D-US and 3D-US, and the results were compared to intraoperative findings. The examinations were repeated with hydrogen peroxide instilled through the external opening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal opening (IO): no significant differences with regards to the number of IO diagnosed by PE and 2D-US or 3D-US (P>0.05). Primary tract: good concordance between 3D US and surgery (k=0.61), and this was higher than any of the other techniques used (PE: k=0.41; 2D-US: k=0.56). Secondary tracts: both 2D and 3D-US show good concordance with surgery (86%, k=0.66; 90%, k=0.73, respectively). Abscesses/cavities: The ultrasound examinations showed a moderate concordance with surgery (k=0.438, k=0.540, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D-US shows a higher diagnostic accuracy than 2D-US when compared with surgery to estimate primary fistula height in transphincteric fistulas. 3D-US shows good concordance with surgery for diagnosing primary and secondary tracts and a high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of the IO. There was a tendency to overestimate fistula height with 2D-US as shown by the lower specificity of 2D-US for the diagnosis of high transphincteric fistulas and lower sensitivity of 2D-US for low transphincteric fistulas.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitari, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España. garalma@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcés Albir
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García Botello
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Esclápez Valero
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanahuja Santafé
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espí Macías
authors.forename: Blas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Flor Lorente
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Granero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019160:Endosonography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012003:Rectal Fistula / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index