title: Different cytokine profile and eosinophil activation are involved in rhinovirus- and RS virus-induced acute exacerbation of childhood wheezing.
abstract: Because little information is available on eosinophil activation and cytokine response in virus-induced wheezing, we attempted to detect respiratory viruses and measure eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and 27 types of cytokines/chemokines in both serum and nasal secretions from children with wheezing. This study was an observational, case-control investigation of 267 subjects, who were visited and/or hospitalized with acute respiratory symptoms (with wheezing: men, 115; women, 59; mean/median age, 3.6/3.0 years) or who were visited for regular physical examination and treatment (non-symptomatic wheezing: men, 48; women, 31; mean/median, 5.0/4.7 years), and 14 control subjects (controls: men, 9; women, 5; mean/median, 3.6/3.7 years). We detected viruses in nasal secretions from 174 patients with acute exacerbations of wheezing using antigen detection kits or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, followed by direct DNA sequencing analysis. We measured peripheral eosinophil counts, and serum concentrations of ECP and 27 cytokines/chemokines using a multiplex bead-based assay in patients with wheezing or non-symptomatic wheezing. We also examined nasal ECP and 27 cytokines/chemokines in patients with wheezing. Of 174 samples from wheezing exacerbations, rhinovirus was detected in 59; respiratory syncytial (RS) virus in 44; enterovirus in 17; other viruses in 19; and no viruses in 35. Serum concentrations of ECP, IL-5, IL-6, IL-1ra, and IP-10 were significantly elevated in rhinovirus-induced wheezing compared with non-symptomatic wheezing. Similarly, serum ECP, IL-5, and IP-10 were significantly higher in rhinovirus-induced wheezing than in controls. On the other hand, IL-1ra and IP-10, but not ECP and IL-5 were significantly higher in RS virus-induced wheezing than in controls. Furthermore, only IL-5 was significantly elevated in the rhinovirus group compared with the RS virus group in both serum and nasal secretions. Different cytokine profile and eosinophil activation might be involved in rhinovirus- and RS virus-induced acute exacerbation of childhood wheezing.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Allergy and Immunology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, 779 Shimohakoda, Hokkitsu-machi, Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan. mkato@gcmc.pref.gunma.jp
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukagoshi
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshizumi
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: Kunihisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kozawa
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Yasuhide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003139:Common Cold / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein