title: Chemotherapy and radiotherapy: cryptic anticancer vaccines.
abstract: An attractive, yet hitherto unproven concept predicts that the promotion of tumor regression should elicit the host's immune response against residual tumor cells to achieve an optimal therapeutic effect. In a way, chemo- or radiotherapy must trigger "danger signals" emitted from immunogenic cell death and hence elicit "danger associated molecular patterns" to stimulate powerful anticancer immune responses. Here, based on the recent experimental and clinical evidence, we will discuss the molecular identity of the multiple checkpoints that dictate the success of "immunogenic chemotherapy" at the levels of the drug, of the tumor cell and of the host immune system.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U805, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, F-94805 Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Yuting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kepp
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghiringhelli
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Apetoh
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aymeric
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Locher
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tesniere
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ly
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kroemer
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zitvogel
mesh_terms: D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D004358:Drug Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D011878:Radiotherapy
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007371:Interferon-gamma