title: [Frequency of Haemophilus spp. in urinary and and genital tract samples].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae and H. parainfluenzae isolated from the urinary and genital tracts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Identification of strains bacteria Haemophilus spp. was carried out by using API NH identification system, and antibiotic susceptibility was performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total number of 50 (0.03%) H. influenzae and 14 (0.01%) H. parainfluenzae (out of 180, 415 samples) were isolated from genitourinary tract. From urine samples of the girls under 15 years of age these bacteria were isolated in 13 (0.88%) and two (0.13%) cases, respectively, and only in one case (0.11%) of the UTI in boys (H. influenzae). In persons of fertile age, it was only H. influenzae bacteria that was found in urine samples of the five women (0.04%) and in three men (0.22%). As a cause of vulvovaginitis, H. influenzae was isolated in four (5.63%), and H. parainfluenzae in two (2.82%) girls. In persons of fertile age, H. influenzae was isolated from 10 (0.49%) smears of the cervix, and in nine (1.74%) male samples. H. parainfluenzae was isolated from seven (1.36%) male samples. (p < 0.01). Susceptibility testing ofH. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae revealed that both pathogens were significantly resistant to cotrimoxasol only (26.0% and 42.9%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the etiology of genitourinary infections of girls during childhood, genital infections of women in fertile age (especially in pregnant women), and men with cases of epididimytis and/or orchitis, it is important to think about this rare and demanding bacteria in terms of cultivation.
authors.affiliation: Sluzba za mikrobiologiju i laboratorijsku dijagnostiku Zavoda za javno zdravstvo "Dr. Andrija Stampar", Zagreb, Hrvatska. vladimira.leskovar@stampar.hr
authors.forename: Vladimira
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leskovar
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mlinarić-Dzepina
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marijan
authors.forename: Jasmina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vranes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D052776:Female Urogenital Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044135:Haemophilus parainfluenzae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052801:Male Urogenital Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult