title: Characterization of prostate cancer in needle biopsy by cathepsin B, cell proliferation and DNA ploidy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our objective was to determine localization patterns of three distinct groups of biomarkers (cathepsin B, MIB-1 and DNA ploidy) in prostate needle biopsy sections to establish localization similarities (or differences) in biopsy and retropubic prostatectomy specimens (RPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prostate needle biopsy specimens and matched RPs from 47 patients with cancer were evaluated. Biopsy and RP sections were stained with anti-cathepsin B (CB) and anti-stefin (cystatin) A (SA) and for cell proliferation and DNA ploidy. The ratio of CB to SA in stained cells was calculated for each biopsy cancer and matched benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The geometric mean of CB to SA was 1.45 in BPH and 2.99 in cancer specimens (p=0.0001). The percentage of S-phase cells and DNA ploidy status in needle biopsy was associated with cancer volume in RP cases (p=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study has indicated that the ratio of CB to SA is significantly higher in prostate cancer biopsy specimens than in BPH. The percentage of S-phase cells and DNA ploidy in needle biopsies predicts cancer volume of RPs. We have shown that localization of three distinct biomarkers in biopsies reliably assesses the nature of prostate cancer in biopsy sections.
authors.affiliation: Bostwick Laboratories, 4355 Innslake Drive, Glen Allen, VA 23060, USA. jqian@bostwicklaboratories.com
authors.forename: Junqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bostwick
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Iczkowski
authors.forename: Konjit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Betre
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Chap
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: LE
authors.forename: Akhouri A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sinha
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002401:Cathepsin B / Q000378:metabolism*; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000502:physiology; D015891:Cystatins / Q000378:metabolism; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011003:Ploidies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015891:Cystatins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C513496:MIB1 ligase, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C533912:CTSB protein, human; D002401:Cathepsin B