title: The impact of concomitant rhinitis on asthma-related quality of life and asthma control.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Characterizing the interactions between the upper and lower airways is important for the management of asthma. This study aimed at assessing the specific impact of concomitant rhinitis on asthma-related quality of life (QOL) and asthma control.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, observational survey was conducted among 1173 patients with asthma (aged 12-45) recruited by general practitioners and chest physicians. AR was defined by self-reported rhinitis symptoms and previously documented sensitization to inhalant allergens. The primary outcomes were (1) asthma control assessed by the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) and (2) asthma-specific QOL evaluated through the Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (mAQLQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  AR was present in 73.9% of the population with asthma and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) in 13.6%. AR and NAR were associated with an increased risk of uncontrolled asthma (i.e. ACQ score > 1.5) with adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 2.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-2.97) and 1.77 (95%CI: 1.09-2.89), respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that AR and NAR had a modest, although significant, negative impact on the global mAQLQ score (beta coefficient: -0.293, standard error [SE]: 0.063 and beta coefficient: -0.221, SE: 0.080, P < 0.001, respectively), even after adjustment for the level of asthma control and demographic characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey provides direct evidence that AR and NAR are associated with an incremental adverse impact on the disease-specific QOL of patients with asthma and the level of asthma control. Further investigations are required to determine whether appropriate treatment of rhinitis would efficiently reduce asthma morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Medicine, Mont-Godinne Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium. olivier.vandenplas@uclouvain.be
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vandenplas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dramaix
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Joos
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michils
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verleden
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vincken
authors.forename: A-M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vints
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herbots
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bachert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019370:Observation; D011788:Quality of Life; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult