title: [Antiphospholipid antibody: laboratory, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations].
abstract: Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) represent a heterogeneous group of antibodies that recognize various antigenic targets including beta2 glycoprotein I (beta2GPI), prothrombin (PT), activated protein C, tissue plasminogen activator, plasmin and annexin A2. The most commonly used tests to detect aPL are: lupus anticoagulant (LAC), a functional coagulation assay, anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) and anti-beta2GPI antibody (anti-beta2GPI), which are enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Clinically aPL are associated with thrombosis and/or with pregnancy morbidity. Apparently aPL alone are unable to induce thrombotic manifestations, but they increase the risk of vascular events that can occur in the presence of another thrombophilic condition; on the other hand obstetrical manifestations were shown to be associated not only to thrombosis but mainly to a direct antibody effect on the trophoblast.
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Reumatologia e Immunologia Clinica, Cattedra di Reumatologia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italia. tincani@bresciareumatologia.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tincani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cartella
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ziglioli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
mesh_terms: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000097:blood; D018579:Patient Selection; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000150:complications; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D001323:Autoantibodies; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I