title: [Co(III)(cyclen)Cl2]Cl is selectively cytotoxic to human leukaemia cells.
abstract: Co(III)-cyclen complexes are known to cause DNA strand breaks by hydrolytically cleaving the phosphodiester backbone via a mechanism that does not require oxidation. Here, we report the first cytotoxicity study of [Co(III)(cyclen)Cl(2)]Cl (2), the parental example of this class of agent, which reveals that (2) is selectively toxic towards CCRF-CEM (IC(50)=32+/-10 microM), THP-1 (IC(50)=110+/-40 microM), and HL-60 (IC(50)=70+/-35 microM) human leukaemia cells, compared to human skin and lung fibroblasts (IC(50)>10 mM). Investigations of its effect on CCRF-CEM cells show it kills by apoptosis which was characterised by microscopy, flow cytometry, and in vitro NMR experiments. The latter involved measurement of the ratio of methylene and methyl (1)H resonances at 1.3 and 0.9 ppm, respectively, associated with the externalisation of membrane bound phosphatidyl serine. The NMR data indicate increasing lactate production during apoptosis, which implies involvement of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, a notion supported by down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax levels as detected by Western blotting.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Zhicong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Laurence P G
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Wakelin
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007938:Leukemia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008853:Microscopy; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C442399:cyclencobalt(III); D004720:Endonucleases