title: Transcriptional response of Candida albicans biofilms following exposure to 2-amino-nonyl-6-methoxyl-tetralin muriate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify changes in the gene expression profile of Candida albicans (C albicans) biofilms following exposed to 2-amino-nonyl-6-methoxyl-tetralin muriate(10b) and clarify the mechanism of 10b against C albicans biofilms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anti-biofilm activity of 10b was assessed by tetrazolium (XTT) reduction assay and the action mechanism against biofilms was investigated by cDNA microarray analysis and real-time RT-PCR assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten differentially expressed genes were directly linked to biofilm formation and filamentous or hyphal growth (eg, NRG1, ECE1 and CSA1). Decreased gene expression was involved in glycolysis (eg, HXK2 and PFK1) and antioxidant defense (eg, SOD5), while increased gene expression was associated with enzymes that specifically hydrolyzed beta-1,3 glucan (XOG1), and with lipid, fatty acid and sterol metabolism (eg, SLD1, ERG6 and ERG2). Functional analysis indicated that addition of anti-oxidant ascorbic acid reduced inhibitory efficiency of 10b on mature biofilm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of 10b on biofilm formation possibly depends on impairing the ability of C albicans to change its morphology via altering the expression of biofilm formation genes. Mitochondrial aerobic respiration shift and endogenous ROS augmentation might be a major contribution to reduce mature biofilm metabolic activity. The data may be useful for the development of new strategies to reduce the incidence of device-associated infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Rong-mei
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yong-bing
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: You-jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ping-hui
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Bao-di
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yuan-ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005800:Genes, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects*; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C550315:2-amino-nonyl-6-methoxyl-tetralin muriate; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes
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