Genetics of endometrial cancers.
Endometrial cancers exhibit a different mechanism of tumorigenesis and progression depending on histopathological and clinical types. The most frequently altered gene in estrogen-dependent endometrioid endometrial carcinoma tumors is PTEN. Microsatellite instability is another important genetic event in this type of tumor. In contrast, p53 mutations or Her2/neu overexpression are more frequent in non-endometrioid tumors. On the other hand, it is possible that the clear cell type may arise from a unique pathway which appears similar to the ovarian clear cell carcinoma. K-ras mutations are detected in approximately 15%-30% of endometrioid carcinomas, are unrelated to the existence of endometrial hyperplasia. A beta-catenin mutation was detected in about 20% of endometrioid carcinomas, but is rare in serous carcinoma. Telomere shortening is another important type of genomic instability observed in endometrial cancer. Only non-endometrioid endometrial carcinoma tumors were significantly associated with critical telomere shortening in the adjacent morphologically normal epithelium. Lynch syndrome, which is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder of cancer susceptibility and is characterized by a MSH2/MSH6 protein complex deficiency, is associated with the development of non-endometrioid carcinomas.
Okuda
Tsuyoshi
T
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan.
Sekizawa
Akihiko
A
Purwosunu
Yuditiya
Y
Nagatsuka
Masaaki
M
Morioka
Miki
M
Hayashi
Masaki
M
Okai
Takashi
T
Pathology. 2007 Feb;39(1):46-54
17365822
Am J Pathol. 2001 Jun;158(6):2097-106
11395387
Cancer Lett. 2008 Feb 8;259(2):146-55
18006148
Int J Cancer. 2000 Apr 1;86(1):60-6
10728595
Gynecol Oncol. 1989 Oct;35(1):50-4
2792902
Mol Carcinog. 1999 Jul;25(3):207-18
10411147
J Mol Diagn. 2005 Feb;7(1):8-16
15681469
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Sep;86(3-5):477-86
14623547
J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2008 Oct;34(5):776-83
18958927
Cancer Sci. 2007 May;98(5):652-8
17388789
Gynecol Oncol. 1983 Feb;15(1):10-7
6822361
Virchows Arch. 2004 Aug;445(2):129-34
15221375
Int J Cancer. 2001 Jan 1;91(1):22-6
11149415
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1998;124(12):695-700
9879831
Cancer. 2002 May 1;94(9):2369-79
12015762
Hum Pathol. 1995 Nov;26(11):1268-74
7590703
Gynecol Oncol. 2006 Nov;103(2):684-7
16797683
Oncogene. 2002 Nov 14;21(52):7981-90
12439748
Mod Pathol. 2004 May;17(5):530-7
14976538
Hum Pathol. 1998 Oct;29(10):1150-9
9781657
BJOG. 2009 Jul;116(8):1053-61
19438492
Br J Cancer. 2009 Jul 7;101(1):145-8
19491896
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995 Aug 2;87(15):1114-25
7674315
Eur J Cancer Prev. 2008 Apr;17(2):133-8
18287870
Chem Res Toxicol. 1991 Jul-Aug;4(4):391-407
1912325
Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Sep 15;15(18):5784-93
19737954
Mod Pathol. 2005 Mar;18(3):340-8
15257317
Int J Oncol. 2009 Jun;34(6):1541-7
19424571
Cancer. 2000 Feb 15;88(4):814-24
10679651
Cancer. 1995 Nov 15;76(10 Suppl):2034-40
8634996
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000 Jun 7;92(11):924-30
10841828
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Mar;983:208-12
12724225
Am J Pathol. 2009 Jun;174(6):2107-15
19389926
Cancer Res. 1994 Mar 15;54(6):1604-7
8137266
Hum Pathol. 1998 Jun;29(6):551-8
9635673
Gynecol Oncol. 2003 Mar;88(3):318-25
12648581
Histopathology. 2009 Sep;55(3):243-9
19469886
Cancer Res. 2009 Sep 1;69(17):7038-45
19690133
Gynecol Oncol. 2007 Oct;107(1):143-53
17692907
Gynecol Oncol. 2010 Mar;116(3):533-8
20006376
Cancer Control. 2009 Jan;16(1):8-13
19078924
Int J Cancer. 2005 Jul 20;115(6):930-4
15723290
Cancer Sci. 2008 Sep;99(9):1715-9
18624996
Oncogene. 2008 Sep 18;27(41):5497-510
18794884
J Clin Oncol. 2004 Aug 1;22(15):3126-32
15284264
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2008 Feb;108(3-5):221-9
18061438
Am J Pathol. 1997 Jan;150(1):177-85
9006334
APMIS. 2009 Oct;117(10):693-707
19775337
Drug Metab Rev. 1994;26(1-2):165-83
8082563
Exp Mol Pathol. 1999 Dec;67(3):135-43
10600396
Gynecol Oncol. 1990 Jul;38(1):22-7
2354822
Cancer Res. 1998 Jun 15;58(12):2500-3
9635567
Cancer Res. 2008 Sep 1;68(17):6902-7
18757403
Gastroenterology. 1997 Oct;113(4):1146-58
9322509
Cancer Res. 2001 Apr 1;61(7):2813-5
11306449
Cancer Res. 1993 Apr 15;53(8):1906-10
8467512
Gynecol Oncol. 1999 Jan;72(1):51-5
9889029
Am J Pathol. 2001 Jun;158(6):1895-8
11395362
Lancet Oncol. 2009 Apr;10(4):400-8
19341971
Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Jun;9(6):2277-87
12796396
Eur J Cancer. 1997 Sep;33(10):1572-7
9389917
Cancer. 1999 Jan 1;85(1):119-26
9921983
Future Oncol. 2009 Feb;5(1):27-32
19243295
Am J Pathol. 2008 Aug;173(2):536-44
18599611
N Engl J Med. 2006 Jan 19;354(3):270-82
16421368
Cancer J. 2003 Sep-Oct;9(5):335-47
14690308
Br J Cancer. 2009 Oct 6;101(7):1218-9; author reply 1220-1
19738612
Gynecol Oncol. 2010 Jan;116(1):131-9
19853898
J Oncol. 2010;2010:139087
19884980
Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Sep 15;11(18):6422-30
16166416
Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Sep 1;11(17):6133-8
16144912
Oncol Rep. 2006 Dec;16(6):1189-96
17089036
J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jul 20;23(21):4609-16
15837969
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996 Aug 21;88(16):1127-35
8757192
Gynecol Oncol. 2005 Oct;99(1):126-34
16023706