title: Blood-borne angiogenic factors and sustained multiple implantation: a comparison of singleton and twin pregnancies.
abstract: This study aimed to compare longitudinal serum concentrations of angiogenic implantation factors between ongoing singleton and twin pregnancies after double-embryo transfer and to investigate whether these are involved in sustained double implantation. Sixteen patients with an ongoing singleton and nine patients with an ongoing twin pregnancy after double-embryo transfer were included in this prospective observational study. Main outcome measures were concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), inhibin A, glycodelin A, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) at baseline, during the IVF treatment and in early pregnancy. It appeared that VEGF-A concentrations prior to any treatment and at early implantation as well as body mass index (BMI) were higher in women who conceived a twin pregnancy (P = 0.04). Soon after implantation, inhibin A concentrations were higher in twin pregnancies (P=0.02). Secretion profiles of glycodelin A and members of the IGF family did not differ between singleton and twin pregnancies. VEGF-A appears to play a role in sustained double implantation. Furthermore a high BMI is associated with ongoing double implantation. Future studies should investigate the predictive value of VEGF-A for having an ongoing singleton or twin pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. e.groeneveld@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Groeneveld
authors.forename: Marieke J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lambers
authors.forename: Diederik A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hoozemans
authors.forename: Roel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schats
authors.forename: Peter G A
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Hompes
authors.forename: Cornelis B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lambalk
mesh_terms: D010064:Embryo Implantation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy