title: Randomised, cross-over, comparative bioavailability trial of matrix type transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) of carvedilol and hydrochlorothiazide combination in healthy human volunteers: a pilot study.
abstract: The present study deals with transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) of Carvedilol (CRV) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). It compares the bioavailability of these two study drugs from a TDDS with conventional immediate release oral tablets in healthy volunteers. The TDDS was also evaluated for any adverse drug reaction. This was an open-label, randomised, single centre, two-treatment, two period, single dose, crossover pilot study of two formulations of cardiovascular agents. Subjects (n=10) were randomised to have a TDDS applied to their abdominal skin for 72h or receive one oral tablet each of CRV and HCTZ respectively in period I, followed by 1-week washout period. They received the alternative treatment in period II. A significant improvement in bioavailability was observed with the transdermal patches over oral tablets as observed by the mean AUC((0)(-)(t)) values 4004.37+/-180.98 and 1824.30+/-17.43ngh/mL respectively for CRV and HCTZ as compared to 753.46+/-53.34 and 392.89+/-34.23ngh/mL respectively, with the oral tablets. The TDDS possesses significant potential for skin irritation. The TDDS developed in our laboratory produced therapeutically effective plasma concentrations of the cardiovascular agents up to a range of 60 to 72h (in different volunteers with a mean=66h). It could be concluded from these observations that the TDDS meets the intended goal of at least 2day management of stage II hypertension with application of a single transdermal patch, hence improving patient compliance over the inconvenience seen with frequent oral administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Pushp Vihar, Sector-3, New Delhi-110017, India. agrwal_shyam@indiatimes.com <agrwal_shyam@indiatimes.com>
authors.forename: Shyam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004338:Drug Combinations; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D057968:Transdermal Patch / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002227:Carbazoles; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011412:Propanolamines; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D000077261:Carvedilol