title: Human ECGs corrupted with real CPR artefacts in an animal model: generating a database to evaluate and refine algorithms for eliminating CPR artefacts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For the analysis of ECG rhythms during ongoing CPR, single- or two-channel methods have been proposed to eliminate artefacts from the CPR-corrupted ECG. To refine, test and evaluate these algorithms with a realistic data set, we introduce an animal model with which we created an extended database of human ECGs with real CPR artefacts.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a pig model real CPR-related artefacts were added to annotated human emergency ECGs. Via a special catheter placed in the oesophagus, ECG sequences (duration>10s) were fed in close to the dead pig's heart. The resulting surface potential was recorded on the thorax without and during ongoing chest compressions, which were monitored using a miniature force sensor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The animals served as a vehicle for human ECGs, making it possible to create a database in which 918 real human ECG sequences (437 shockable and 481 non-shockable) were corrupted with CPR-induced artefacts. The achieved signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) ranged from -17 to +15 dB, sensitivity was 93.5% and specificity was 50.51%. The fed-in ECG and the uncorrupted surface ECG correlated almost perfectly (r=0.926+/-0.081; n=918), indicating negligible signal distortion due to the dead pig itself.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the generated database includes both the original and the corrupted ECG covering a wide range of SNRs as well as the compression force signal, it provides an extended data set to evaluate the reconstruction performance of CPR artefact-removal algorithms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel, Vienna, Austria. marcus.granegger@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granegger
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Werther
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roehrich
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Losert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gilly
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D016208:Databases, Factual; D047548:Defibrillators; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006801:Humans; D013552:Swine