title: Loss of a cohesin-linked suppressor APRIN (Pds5b) disrupts stem cell programs in embryonal carcinoma: an emerging cohesin role in tumor suppression.
abstract: Cohesins appear to have critical functions beyond mitotic cohesion. Our data on a cohesin-associated Pds5-paralog, APRIN, indicate a novel cohesin role in stem cell differentiation. APRIN/Pds5B is lost in many cancers and it is a putative tumor suppressor. Its mutations in the germ line, however, generate birth defects. We reasoned that as both cancer and birth defects share disrupted stem cell differentiation, the data suggest an APRIN/Pds5B cohesin function in stem cells. We used an embryonal carcinoma stem cell model and show here that (i) APRIN expression is precisely coordinated with stem cell differentiation; (ii) this coordination involves surface-contact and endocrine pathways; and (iii) APRIN/Pds5b coordination is critical in stem/progenitor exit decisions. APRIN knockdown disrupted Oct4, Nanog and SOX2 patterns, differentiation failed and the resulting immature proliferative cells did not progress beyond proneural progenitor phase. Furthermore, the phenotype-blocked progenitor exit (Mash-1(+)); failed E-cadherin exit (E-Cadh(low+)); incomplete N-cadherin transition (N-Cadh(low+)); retained proliferative capacity (c-myc(+)); irregular stemness (SOX2(late++)) and lost response to contact and hormonal cues-shares similarities with cancer-initiating cells. The data suggest novel APRIN/Pds5B-linked cohesin roles in stem/progenitor programs and a new mechanism in tumor suppression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Denes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pilichowska
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makarovskiy
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carpinito
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geck
mesh_terms: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D015820:Cadherins / Q000502:physiology; D018236:Carcinoma, Embryonal / Q000473:pathology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000502:physiology; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000032:analysis; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D000097722:Cohesins
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D015820:Cadherins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000097722:Cohesins; C065500:ASCL1 protein, human; C489427:MYC protein, human; C118660:PDS5B protein, human; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; C527782:SOX2 protein, human