title: Burst spinal cord stimulation: toward paresthesia-free pain suppression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spinal cord stimulation is commonly used for neuropathic pain modulation. The major side effect is the onset of paresthesia. The authors describe a new stimulation design that suppresses pain as well as, or even better than, the currently used stimulation, but without creating paresthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A spinal cord electrode (Lamitrode) for neuropathic pain was implanted in 12 patients via laminectomy: 4 at the C2 level and 7 at the T8-T9 level for cervicobrachialgia and lumboischialgia, respectively (1 at T11 at another center). During external stimulation, the patients received the classic tonic stimulation (40 or 50 Hz) and the new burst stimulation (40-Hz burst with 5 spikes at 500 Hz per burst).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain scores were measured using a visual analog scale and the McGill Short Form preoperatively and during tonic and burst stimulation. Paresthesia was scored as present or not present. Burst stimulation was significantly better for pain suppression, by both the visual analog scale score and the McGill Short Form score. Paresthesia was present in 92% of patients during tonic stimulation, and in only 17% during burst stimulation. Average follow-up was 20.5 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors present a new method of spinal cord stimulation using bursts that suppress neuropathic pain without the mandatory paresthesia. Pain suppression seems as good as or potentially better than that achieved with the currently used stimulation. Average follow-up after nearly 2 years (20.5 months) suggests that this stimulation design is stable.
authors.affiliation: BRAI2N, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium. Dirk.De.Ridder@uza.be
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Ridder
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanneste
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plazier
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van der Loo
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Menovsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000628:therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000209:etiology; D013116:Spinal Cord