title: Association of macrophages with angiogenesis in oral verrucous and squamous cell carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major cellular component of human cancers, yet there is still no consensus as to their role in cancer growth and angiogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The association between TAMs and angiogenesis was investigated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival material of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC). TAMs shown by immunohistochemistry for CD68 and microvessels demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for CD31 were quantified using an image analyzer computer system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TAMs were observed in all studied specimens. The area percentage of CD68 immunoreactivity and microvessel density (MVD) were significantly lower in OVC compared with the different grades of OSCC (P = 0.0009), (P = 0.0045). Both parameters increased in high-grade malignancy of OSCC. Linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between the area percentage of CD68 immunoreactivity and the MVD in the studied tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased TAMs is associated with angiogenesis and higher histopathological grades in oral cancer.
authors.affiliation: Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. daliaelrouby@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Dalia H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: El-Rouby
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D018289:Carcinoma, Verrucous / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology*; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000473:pathology; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule