title: Interleukin-33 expression is specifically enhanced in inflamed mucosa of ulcerative colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin (IL)-33 is a cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family. IL-33 has been shown to elicit a Th2-like cytokine response in immune cells. In this study, we investigated IL-33 expression in the inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and characterized the molecular mechanisms responsible for IL-33 expression in human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts (SEMFs).
  
  
  METHODS
  IL-33 mRNA expression was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IL-33 expression in the IBD mucosa was evaluated by immunohistochemical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-33 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in active lesions from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), but was not detected in inactive lesions from UC patients or in lesions from patients with either active or inactive Crohn's disease. Colonic SEMFs were identified as a major source of IL-33 in the mucosa. IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) significantly enhanced IL-33 mRNA and protein expression in isolated colonic SEMFs. IL-1β and TNF-α did not affect IL-33 expression in intestinal epithelial cell lines (HT-29 and Caco-2 cells). This IL-1β- and TNF-α-induced IL-33 mRNA expression was mediated by p42/44 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway-dependent activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-33, derived from colonic SEMFs, may play an important role in the pathophysiology of UC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tukinowa, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobori
authors.forename: Yuhki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imaeda
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bamba
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsujikawa
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiyama
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andoh
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: C506536:IL33 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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