Time of day differences in the number of cytokine-, neurotrophin- and NeuN-immunoreactive cells in the rat somatosensory or visual cortex.
Sensory input to different cortical areas differentially varies across the light-dark cycle and likely is responsible, in part, for activity-dependent changes in time-of-day differences in protein expression such as Fos. In this study we investigate time-of-day differences between dark (just before light onset) and light (just before dark onset) for the number of immunoreactive (IR) neurons that stained for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL1 beta), nerve growth factor (NGF), the neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) and Fos in the rat somatosensory cortex (Sctx) and visual cortex (Vctx). Additionally, astrocyte IL1 beta-IR in the Sctx and Vctx was determined. TNFalpha and IL1 beta, as well as the immediate early gene protein Fos, were higher at the end of the dark phase (2300 h) compared to values obtained at the end of the light phase (1100 h) in the Sctx and Vctx. IL1 beta-IR in Sctx and Vctx astrocytes was higher at 2300 h than that observed at 1100 h. . In contrast, the number of NGF-IR neurons was higher in the Vctx than in the Sctx but did not differ in time. However, the density of the NGF-IR neurons in layer V was greater at 2300 h in the Sctx than at 1100 h. NeuN-IR was higher at 2300 h in the Sctx but was lower at this time in the Vctx compared to 1100 h. These data demonstrate that expressions of the molecules examined are dependent on activity, the sleep-wake cycle and brain location. These factors interact to modulate time-of-day expression.
Hight
Krista
K
Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Program in Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA.
Hallett
Heather
H
Churchill
Lynn
L
De
Alok
A
Boucher
Andrea
A
Krueger
James M
JM
D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003624:Darkness; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014738:Vibrissae / Q000502:physiology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*
D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor
Neuroscience. 1999 Mar;89(2):535-48
10077334
Brain Res. 2000 Dec 8;885(2):303-21
11102586
Prog Brain Res. 2000;128:183-91
11105678
Eur J Neurosci. 2009 Nov;30(9):1718-29
19878279
Behav Brain Res. 2001 Apr 8;120(1):75-86
11173087
J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 9;275(23):17728-39
10837498
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 31;104(31):12843-8
17646651
BMC Neurosci. 2008 Jan 04;9:2
18177494
Brain Res. 2010 May 28;1333:48-56
20338152
J Neuroimmunol. 2009 Jun 25;211(1-2):73-83
19410300
Brain Res. 2007 Feb 2;1131(1):44-59
17184753
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Oct;289(4):R1083-9
16183627
Brain Res. 2005 Sep 7;1055(1-2):15-24
16098952
J Neuroimmunol. 1999 Dec;100(1-2):124-39
10695723
Eur J Neurosci. 1993 Aug 1;5(8):1071-8
8281311
J Sleep Res. 1994 Sep;3(3):159-164
10607121
Prog Neurobiol. 1996 May;49(1):53-71
8817698
J Sleep Res. 1994 Jun;3(2):80-96
10607112
Neuroscience. 2008 Sep 22;156(1):71-80
18694809
Development. 1992 Sep;116(1):201-11
1483388
FASEB J. 1995 Dec;9(15):1577-84
8529837
J Sleep Res. 2000 Dec;9(4):367-71
11123523
Behav Brain Res. 1994 Aug 31;63(2):111-26
7999294
Brain Res Bull. 2003 Dec 15;62(2):143-50
14638388
Neuroscience. 1999;93(3):915-30
10473257
J Histochem Cytochem. 1994 Dec;42(12):1635-42
7983364
J Histochem Cytochem. 2007 Jan;55(1):1-19
16899765
Sleep. 2005 Feb;28(2):177-84
16171241
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Dec;116(6):1188-98
16337444
Am J Physiol. 1998 Mar;274(3):R655-60
9530230
Neuron. 2009 Sep 24;63(6):865-78
19778514
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Dec;9(12):910-9
18985047
Nat Neurosci. 1999 Apr;2(4):346-51
10204541
Neuroscience. 1997 Feb;76(4):1069-81
9027867
Behav Brain Res. 1991 May 15;43(2):125-31
1867754
J Neurophysiol. 2002 Nov;88(5):2280-6
12424269
Brain Res. 2004 May 29;1009(1-2):129-36
15120590
Harvey Lect. 1966;60:217-59
5338067
J Leukoc Biol. 1998 Jun;63(6):650-7
9620655
Brain Res. 2001 Apr 13;898(1):105-12
11292453
Prog Neurobiol. 1995 Mar;45(4):347-60
7624482
J Neurosci. 1997 Aug 1;17(15):5949-55
9221791
Cancer Biol Ther. 2004 Oct;3(10):1007-17
15467434
J Sleep Res. 1993 Jun;2(2):63-69
10607073
J Neurosci Res. 2003 Aug 1;73(3):400-9
12868073