title: A dominant function of CCaMK in intracellular accommodation of bacterial and fungal endosymbionts.
abstract: In legumes, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is a component of the common symbiosis genes that are required for both root nodule (RN) and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbioses and is thought to be a decoder of Ca(2+) spiking, one of the earliest cellular responses to microbial signals. A gain-of-function mutation of CCaMK has been shown to induce spontaneous nodulation without rhizobia, but the significance of CCaMK activation in bacterial and/or fungal infection processes is not fully understood. Here we show that a gain-of-function CCaMK(T265D) suppresses loss-of-function mutations of common symbiosis genes required for the generation of Ca(2+) spiking, not only for nodule organogenesis but also for successful infection of rhizobia and AM fungi, demonstrating that the common symbiosis genes upstream of Ca(2+) spiking are required solely to activate CCaMK. In RN symbiosis, however, CCaMK(T265D) induced nodule organogenesis, but not rhizobial infection, on Nod factor receptor (NFRs) mutants. We propose a model of symbiotic signaling in host legume plants, in which CCaMK plays a key role in the coordinated induction of infection thread formation and nodule organogenesis.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banba
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kouchi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imaizumi-Anraku
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D000070116:Lotus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D009154:Mutation; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000254:growth & development; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055170:Plant Root Nodulation / Q000235:genetics*; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000235:genetics*; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium
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