SARS-CoV pathogenesis is regulated by a STAT1 dependent but a type I, II and III interferon receptor independent mechanism.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection often caused severe end stage lung disease and organizing phase diffuse alveolar damage, especially in the elderly. The virus-host interactions that governed development of these acute end stage lung diseases and death are unknown. To address this question, we evaluated the role of innate immune signaling in protection from human (Urbani) and a recombinant mouse adapted SARS-CoV, designated rMA15. In contrast to most models of viral pathogenesis, infection of type I, type II or type III interferon knockout mice (129 background) with either Urbani or MA15 viruses resulted in clinical disease outcomes, including transient weight loss, denuding bronchiolitis and alveolar inflammation and recovery, identical to that seen in infection of wildtype mice. This suggests that type I, II and III interferon signaling play minor roles in regulating SARS pathogenesis in mouse models. In contrast, infection of STAT1-/- mice resulted in severe disease, high virus titer, extensive pulmonary lesions and 100% mortality by day 9 and 30 post-infection with rMA15 or Urbani viruses, respectively. Non-lethal in BALB/c mice, Urbani SARS-CoV infection in STAT1-/- mice caused disseminated infection involving the liver, spleen and other tissues after day 9. These findings demonstrated that SARS-CoV pathogenesis is regulated by a STAT1 dependent but type I, II and III interferon receptor independent, mechanism. In contrast to a well documented role in innate immunity, we propose that STAT1 also protects mice via its role as an antagonist of unrestrained cell proliferation.
Frieman
Matthew B
MB
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
Chen
Jun
J
Morrison
Thomas E
TE
Whitmore
Alan
A
Funkhouser
William
W
Ward
Jerrold M
JM
Lamirande
Elaine W
EW
Roberts
Anjeanette
A
Heise
Mark
M
Subbarao
Kanta
K
Baric
Ralph S
RS
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D017471:Receptors, Interferon / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; D007370:Interferon Type I; D017471:Receptors, Interferon; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D007371:Interferon-gamma
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