title: Promoter hypomethylation upregulates Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: The Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) is one of several transporters that have been implicated for development of hypertension since NKCC1 activity is elevated in hypertensive aorta and vascular contractions are inhibited by bumetanide, an inhibitor of NKCC1. We hypothesized that promoter hypomethylation upregulates the NKCC1 in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Thoracic aortae and mesenteric arteries were excised, cut into rings, mounted in organ baths and subjected to vascular contraction. The expression levels of nkcc1 mRNA and protein in aortae and heart tissues were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The methylation status of nkcc1 promoter region was analyzed by combined bisulfite restriction assay (COBRA) and bisulfite sequencing. Phenylephrine-induced vascular contraction in a dose-dependent manner, which was inhibited by bumetanide. The inhibition of dose-response curves by bumetanide was much greater in SHR than in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats. The expression levels of nkcc1 mRNA and of NKCC1 protein in aortae and heart tissues were higher in SHR than in WKY. Nkcc1 gene promoter was hypomethylated in aortae and heart than those of WKY. These results suggest that promoter hypomethylation upregulates the NKCC1 expression in aortae and heart of SHR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Ahm
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Inji
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Young Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Seok
authors.forename: Enyue
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hyun-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Dong-Youb
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Su Hyung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: In Kyeom
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002034:Bumetanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters / Q000235:genetics*; D064506:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; C578879:Slc12a2 protein, rat; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; D064506:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2; D002034:Bumetanide; D010656:Phenylephrine