title: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein inhibits apoptosis in inflammatory breast cancer cells with acquired resistance to an ErbB1/2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
abstract: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer that is often characterized by ErbB2 overexpression. ErbB2 targeting is clinically relevant using trastuzumab (anti-ErbB2 antibody) and lapatinib (small-molecule ErbB1/2 inhibitor). However, acquired resistance is a common outcome even in IBC patients who show an initial clinical response, which limits the efficacy of these agents. In the present study, using a clonal population of GW583340 (lapatinib analogue, ErbB1/2 inhibitor)-resistant IBC cells, we identified the overexpression of an antiapoptotic protein, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), in acquired resistance to GW583340 in both ErbB2-overexpressing SUM190 and ErbB1-activated SUM149 cell lines derived from primary IBC tumors. A marked decrease in p-ErbB2, p-ErbB1, and downstream signaling was evident in the GW583340-resistant cells (rSUM190 and rSUM149) similar to parental counterparts treated with the drug, suggesting that the primary mechanism of action of GW583340 was not compromised in resistant cells. However, rSUM190 and rSUM149 cells growing in GW583340 had significant XIAP overexpression and resistance to GW583340-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, stable XIAP overexpression using a lentiviral system reversed sensitivity to GW583340 in parental cells. The observed overexpression was identified to be caused by IRES-mediated XIAP translation. XIAP downregulation in rSUM190 and rSUM149 cells using a small-molecule inhibitor (embelin), which abrogates the XIAP/procaspase-9 interaction, resulted in decreased viability, showing that XIAP is required for survival of cells with acquired resistance to GW583340. These studies establish the feasibility of development of an XIAP inhibitor that potentiates apoptosis for use in IBC patients with resistance to ErbB2-targeting agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Aird
authors.forename: Rami B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ghanayem
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peplinski
authors.forename: Herbert K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lyerly
authors.forename: Gayathri R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Devi
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008413:Mastitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013450:Sulfones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016227:Benzoquinones; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D013450:Sulfones; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; C551538:GW 583340; C496866:XIAP protein, human; C010945:embelin
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