title: Rapid biocompatibility analysis of materials via in vivo fluorescence imaging of mouse models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many materials are unsuitable for medical use because of poor biocompatibility. Recently, advances in the high throughput synthesis of biomaterials has significantly increased the number of potential biomaterials, however current biocompatibility analysis methods are slow and require histological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we develop rapid, non-invasive methods for in vivo quantification of the inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials. Materials were placed subcutaneously in an array format and monitored for host responses as per ISO 10993-6: 2001. Host cell activity in response to these materials was imaged kinetically, in vivo using fluorescent whole animal imaging. Data captured using whole animal imaging displayed similar temporal trends in cellular recruitment of phagocytes to the biomaterials compared to histological analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Histological analysis similarity validates this technique as a novel, rapid approach for screening biocompatibility of implanted materials. Through this technique there exists the possibility to rapidly screen large libraries of polymers in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kaitlin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bratlie
authors.forename: Tram T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lyle
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nahrendorf
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weissleder
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005453:Fluorescence; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010586:Phagocytes
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
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