The calcium-mobilizing messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate participates in sperm activation by mediating the acrosome reaction.
Before a sperm can fertilize an egg it must undergo a final activation step induced by the egg termed the acrosome reaction. During the acrosome reaction a lysosome-related organelle, the acrosome, fuses with the plasma membrane to release hydrolytic enzymes and expose an egg-binding protein. Because NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate) releases Ca(2+) from acidic lysosome-related organelles in other cell types, we investigated a possible role for NAADP in mediating the acrosome reaction. We report that NAADP binds with high affinity to permeabilized sea urchin sperm. Moreover, we used Mn(2+) quenching of luminal fura-2 and (45)Ca(2+) to directly demonstrate NAADP regulation of a cation channel on the acrosome. Additionally, we show that NAADP synthesis occurs through base exchange and is driven by an increase in Ca(2+). We propose a new model for acrosome reaction signaling in which Ca(2+) influx initiated by egg jelly stimulates NAADP synthesis and that this NAADP acts on its receptor/channel on the acrosome to release Ca(2+) to drive acrosomal exocytosis.
Vasudevan
Sridhar R
SR
Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom.
Lewis
Alexander M
AM
Chan
Jennifer W
JW
Machin
Claire L
CL
Sinha
Debroshi
D
Galione
Antony
A
Churchill
Grant C
GC
D000177:Acrosome / Q000378:metabolism; D020101:Acrosome Reaction; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002412:Cations; D005089:Exocytosis; D005260:Female; D016257:Fura-2 / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry; D009249:NADP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D012617:Sea Urchins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism*
D002412:Cations; D008345:Manganese; D009249:NADP; C024376:NAADP; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2
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