title: Change in goal ratings as a mediating variable between self-efficacy and physical activity in older men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined the associations between exercise self-efficacy, goals, and physical activity over time.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examines whether self-selected goals mediate the changes in exercise self-efficacy on physical activity over 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data are derived from 313 older men participating in the Veterans LIFE Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in exercise self-efficacy were significantly associated with changes in physical activity both directly (betas = 0.25 and 0.24, p < 0.05) and indirectly (betas = 0.24 and 0.30, p < 0.05) through changes in health-related and walking goal ratings (betas = 0.19 and 0.20, p < 0.05). Both types of goal setting continued to partially mediate the relationship between exercise self-efficacy and physical activity when covariates were added to the models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study extends the application of social cognitive and goal-setting theories to physical activity by showing that goals partially mediate the relationship between exercise self-efficacy and physical activity over time.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GRECC 182, Durham, NC 27705, USA. katherine.hall3@va.gov
authors.forename: Katherine S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Gail M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.forename: Eleanor S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: Hayden B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bosworth
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sloane
authors.forename: Carola C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ekelund
authors.forename: Miriam C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Morey
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009043:Motor Activity; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013997:Time Factors
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