title: Treatment of glenohumeral sepsis with a commercially produced antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We report our experience in treating infected shoulder arthroplasty and primary shoulder sepsis using a commercially produced antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 16 shoulders in 15 patients for infected arthroplasty or osteomyelitis of the proximal humerus with irrigation and débridement, hardware removal, or humeral head resection, or both, and placement of an interval articulating hemiarthroplasty with a commercially made gentamicin-impregnated cement spacer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow-up was 20.5 months after spacer placement. At the time of débridement, 12 shoulders had positive cultures; the most common organisms were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3) and S. epidermidis (n = 3). Twelve patients underwent revision. Four refused revision and have retained antibiotic spacers. White blood cell counts returned to within normal ranges in all patients at the time of revision, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 5 of 12 patients, C-reactive protein in 8 of 12 patients, and interleukin-6 in 9 of 11 patients. Mean visual analog pain scale score decreased from 8.4 before spacer placement to 0.5 at the final follow-up. Active forward flexion increased from a mean of 65 degrees to 110 degrees , and active external rotation from -5 degrees to 20 degrees . Mean University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Rating Scale score increased from 7 to 26, Simple Shoulder Test (SST) from 1.2 to 6.6, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form score from 16 to 74, and Constant score from 16 to 57. There was no recurrence of infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of glenohumeral sepsis with a commercially produced antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer appears to be an effective treatment modality, and serum interleukin-6 level appears to be useful in the evaluation of shoulder infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Ely
authors.forename: Lynn A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Crosby
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001843:Bone Cements; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D012785:Shoulder Joint; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001843:Bone Cements; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible