title: Involvement of protein kinase C and intracellular Ca2+ in goldfish brain somatostatin-28 inhibitory action on growth hormone release in goldfish.
abstract: Goldfish brain somatostatin-28 (gbSS-28) is present in brain and pituitary tissues of goldfish. We assessed whether gbSS-28 targets Ca(2+) and/or protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent signaling cascades in inhibiting growth hormone (GH) release. gbSS-28 decreased basal GH release from primary cultures of dispersed goldfish pituitary cells and intracellular free calcium levels ([Ca(2+)](i)) in goldfish somatotropes. gbSS-28 partially reduced [Ca(2+)](i) and GH responses induced by two endogeneous gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs), salmon (s)GnRH and chicken (c)GnRH-II. Furthermore, gbSS-28 reduced GH increases and abolished [Ca(2+)](i) elevations elicited by two PKC activators, tetradecanoyl 4beta-phorbol-13-acetate and dioctanyl glycerol. The PKC inhibitors Gö6976 and Bis II abolished [Ca(2+)](i) responses to PKC activators, but only attenuated GnRH-induced increases in [Ca(2+)](i) and did not alter basal [Ca(2+)](i). In cells pretreated with Bis II, gbSS-28 further reduced basal [Ca(2+)](i). Our results suggest that gbSS-28 inhibits GnRH-induced GH release in part by attenuating PKC-mediated GnRH [Ca(2+)](i) signals. gbSS-28 reduces basal GH release also via reduction in [Ca(2+)](i) but PKC is not involved in this regard.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D006728:Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D053561:Somatostatin-28 / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D053561:Somatostatin-28; D013006:Growth Hormone; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D002118:Calcium