title: Viperin is highly induced in neutrophils and macrophages during acute and chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection.
abstract: Although most cells are thought to respond to IFNs, there is limited information regarding specific cells that respond in vivo. Viperin is an IFN-induced antiviral protein and, therefore, is an excellent marker for IFN-responsive cells. In this study, we analyzed viperin expression in vivo during acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong infection, which induces high levels of type I IFNs, and in persistently infected lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus carrier mice, which contain low levels of type I IFNs. Viperin was induced in lymphoid cells and dendritic cells (DCs) during acute infection and highly induced in neutrophils and macrophages. The expression kinetics in neutrophils, macrophages, and T and B cells paralleled IFN-alpha levels, but DCs expressed viperin with delayed kinetics. In carrier mice, viperin was expressed in neutrophils and macrophages but not in T and B cells or DCs. For acutely infected and carrier mice, viperin expression was IFN dependent, because treating type I IFNR knockout mice with IFN-gamma-neutralizing Abs inhibited viperin expression. Viperin localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplet-like vesicles in neutrophils. These findings delineate the kinetics and cells responding to IFNs in vivo and suggest that the profile of IFN-responsive cells changes in chronic infections. Furthermore, these data suggest that viperin may contribute to the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Ella R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Hinson
authors.forename: Nikhil S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Jonathan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rahner
authors.forename: Yong Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Xiuyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kaech
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cresswell
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D008216:Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D008217:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus / Q000276:immunology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta / Q000235:genetics; D000090123:Viperin Protein
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I; D011506:Proteins; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta; C417529:Rsad2 protein, mouse; D000090123:Viperin Protein
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