title: Evolution of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a fish rhabdovirus, in Europe over 20 years: implications for control.
abstract: The fish pathogenic rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) causes substantial losses in European aquaculture. IHNV was first detected in Europe in 1987 and has since undergone considerable spread. Phylogenetic analyses of the full G-gene sequences of 73 isolates obtained from 4 countries in Europe (France, n = 18; Italy, 9; Switzerland, 4; Germany, 42) enable determination of the evolution of the virus in Europe since the first detection, and identification of characteristic changes within the G-genes of European strains. Further, the database allows us to analyse the pathways of distribution in Europe over time. The results suggest that in most of the recent cases, spread of IHNV was related to trade of infected fish. The data further demonstrate that knowledge of the sequence is required to determine the source of infections in farms.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. peter-joachim.enzmann@fli.bund.de
authors.forename: Peter-Joachim
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Enzmann
authors.forename: Jeannette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castric
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bovo
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thiery
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fichtner
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schütze
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wahli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D005399:Fishes; D010802:Phylogeny; D012209:Rhabdoviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*