title: New therapeutic options: management strategies to optimize glycemic control.
abstract: Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be challenging. Patients frequently present with poor glycemic control despite therapy. Other patients may be nonadherent or resistant to continuing their treatment when confronted with undesirable adverse effects, such as weight gain, that are associated with many conventional therapies. Incretin-based therapies developed to treat patients with T2DM, including oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor agents or glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, offer the potential of sustained glycemic control for many patients without the adverse events associated with other classes of antihyperglycemic medications. Available safety data from clinical trials indicate that incretin-based therapies have weight-neutral or weight-reducing effects, with no apparent adverse impact on other important safety parameters, such as cardiovascular disease. The integration of these therapies into treatment algorithms, as highlighted in three case presentations, will increase treatment options for patients with T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA. jeffreyfreemando@aol.com
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077270:Exenatide; D005260:Female; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054795:Incretins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014688:Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D000077270:Exenatide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; D008687:Metformin; D010455:Peptides; D011719:Pyrazines; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D014230:Triazoles; D014688:Venoms