title: Predicting the magnitude of short-term CD4+ T-cell recovery in HIV-infected patients during first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The extent of short-term CD4(+) T-cell recovery in patients tolerating first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and attaining undetectable HIV RNA levels is inadequately defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analysed patients in four Italian cohorts who started HAART between January 1996 and September 2006. All patients had known HCV coinfection status, did not modify the regimen for 6 months and had <50 HIV RNA copies/ml at the end of the sixth month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis involved 1,488 patients (1,096 males, 73.7%) with a median age of 43 years (interquartile range [IQR] 39-49); 435 (29.2%) were positive for HCV, 71 (4.8%) were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 76 (5.1%) had experienced a previous AIDS-defining event. At baseline, patient CD4(+) T-cell counts were 226 cells/microl (IQR 99-332), CD4(+) T-cell percentages were 14.7% (IQR 8.7-21.2) and HIV RNA levels were 4.91 log(10) copies/ml (IQR 4.38-5.34). Overall, 24-week CD4(+) T-cell recovery was 144 cells/microl (IQR 70-240). At multivariable analysis, T-cell recovery was positively related to the use of a boosted protease inhibitor (P<0.0001) or thymidine analogues (P<0.0001), baseline HIV RNA levels (P<0.0001), the baseline percentage of CD4(+) T-cells (P<0.0001) and the absence of HCV coinfection (P=0.006). Age, gender, baseline CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell ratio and a history of AIDS-defining events had no independent effect on CD4(+) T-cell recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among HIV-infected patients tolerating first-line HAART and with undetectable HIV RNA after 6 months, CD4(+) T-cell recovery is significantly greater in those without HCV coinfection, with a high baseline viral load, a high baseline percentage of CD4(+) T-cells and in those treated with a boosted protease inhibitor.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castagna
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torti
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Arminio Monforte
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mussini
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antinori
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cozzi-Lepri
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ladisa
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seminari
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gianotti
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazzarin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral