title: Cranial base superimposition for 3-dimensional evaluation of soft-tissue changes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The recent emphases on soft tissues as the limiting factor in treatment and on soft-tissue relationships in establishing the goals of treatment has made 3-dimensional (3D) analysis of soft tissues more important in diagnosis and treatment planning. It is equally important to be able to detect changes in the facial soft tissues produced by growth or treatment. This requires structures of reference for superimposition and a way to display the changes with quantitative information.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we outlined a technique for quantifying facial soft-tissue changes viewed in cone-beam computed tomography data, using fully automated voxel-wise registrations of the cranial base surface. The assessment of soft-tissue changes is done by calculation of the Euclidean surface distances between the 3D models. Color maps are used for visual assessment of the location and the quantification of changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This methodology allows a detailed examination of soft-tissue changes with growth or treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the lack of stable references with 3D photogrammetry, 3D photography, and laser scanning, soft-tissue changes cannot be accurately quantified by these methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. cevidanl@dentistry.unc.edu
authors.forename: Lucia H C
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Cevidanes
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Proffit
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ackerman
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Styner
mesh_terms: D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007834:Lasers; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D010780:Photogrammetry; D010781:Photography; D019291:Skull Base / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012984:Software; D013382:Subtraction Technique
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