title: The effect of opioids and their antagonists on the nocifensive response of Caenorhabditis elegans to noxious thermal stimuli.
abstract: Opiates modulate nociception in vertebrates. This has also been demonstrated in a number of invertebrate models. Herein, the effect of the opiate morphine and opioid neuropeptides Endomorphin 1 and 2 on the thermal avoidance (Tav) behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans is explored. Adult wild-type C. elegans N2 were collected from NGM plates using M9 buffer and exposed to morphine and endomorphine 1 and 2 in concentrations between 10(-8) and 10(-4) M (2.5 pmol/mg to 25 nmol/mg) for 30 min and tested for Tav. The opioid receptor antagonists Naloxone and CTOP were tested in combination with the drugs. Forty-seven percentage of the morphine exposed worms exhibited a class I response versus 76% of the control group (P < 0.001). Endomorphin 1 and 2 also caused a statistically significant reduction in class I responses, 36 and 39%, respectively. These effects were reversed with Naloxone and CTOP. Thermonocifensive behavior in C. elegans is modulated by opioids.
authors.affiliation: SUNY College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA. nietof@oldwestbury.edu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nieto-Fernandez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andrieux
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Idrees
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bagnall
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pryor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sood
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009842:Oligopeptides; C105293:endomorphin 1; D009270:Naloxone; C105294:endomorphin 2; D009020:Morphine
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