title: Veridical and false feedback sensitivity and punishment-reward system (BIS/BAS): ERP amplitude and theta frequency band analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Disruption of the sense of agency and of being causally determinant in action was explored in the present research by inducing an erroneous external spatial feedback in response to the subject's behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  ERPs and theta frequency band oscillation (ERD) were recorded from 15 subjects when they were receiving mismatching/matching feedback information. In addition, subjective sensitivity to the external cues was monitored by BIS (Behavioral Inhibition System) and BAS (Behavioral Activation System) measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One negative ERP deflection of higher amplitude was revealed in response to false feedback, peaking at 210 ms post-stimulus, central-posteriorly localized. A specific cortical network, more central-posteriorly distributed, seems to be implicated. Moreover, theta synchronization was observed in response to false feedback within the posterior cortical site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A direct relationship between ERP/theta band oscillation was supposed, as a marker of salient and unattended cues that produce an alerting response. Moreover, BIS showed an enhanced response to external feedback, and specifically to false feedback, with an increased negative deflection and theta frequency band effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ERP negativity may represent a monitoring system, comparable with erroneous feedback effect. Moreover, specific motivation towards negative context was related to higher BIS, since they were more sensitive to negative, false outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Largo Gemelli, 1, 20123 Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Italy. Electronic address: michela.balconi@unicatt.it.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balconi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crivelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D030141:Feedback, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011678:Punishment; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012201:Reward; D013826:Theta Rhythm; D055815:Young Adult