Effect of midazolam on memory: a study of process dissociation procedure and functional magnetic resonance imaging.
To assess the effects of midazolam on explicit and implicit memories, 12 volunteers were randomly divided into the two groups: one with an Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score of 3 (mild sedation) and one with a score of 1 (deep sedation). Blood oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging was measured before and during an auditory stimulus, then with midazolam sedation, and then during a second auditory stimulus with continuous midazolam sedation. After 4 h, explicit and implicit memories were assessed. There was no evidence of explicit memory at the two levels of midazolam sedation. Implicit memory was retained at a mild level of midazolam sedation but absent at a deep level of midazolam sedation. At a mild level of midazolam sedation, activation of all brain areas by auditory stimulus (as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging) was uninhibited. However, a deep level of midazolam sedation depressed activation of the superior temporal gyrus by auditory stimulus. We conclude that midazolam does not abolish implicit memory at a mild sedation level, but can abolish both explicit and implicit memories at a deep sedation level. The superior temporal gyrus may be one of the target areas.
Tian
S Y
SY
 Visiting Anaesthetist.
Zou
L
L
 Vice Professor.
Quan
X
X
 Resident.
Zhang
Y
Y
 Resident.
Xue
F S
FS
 Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Ye
T H
TH
 Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital.
D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam; D010100:Oxygen
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