title: Biochemical biomarkers and metals in Perna perna mussels from mariculture zones of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
abstract: The activity of cholinesterase (ChE), glutathione-S transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and catalase (CAT) was evaluated in the gill and digestive glands of the Perna perna mussel transplanted to three non-contaminated mariculture zones under the influence of distinct physical-chemical characteristics. Differences among sites for ChE, GST and CAT activities in gill, as well as ChE, GST and G6PDH activity in digestive gland of mussels, were found and possibly related to differences in physicochemical characteristics of the sites and/or biological status of the mussels. Mussels that were transplanted to another, more urbanized site (Ponta do Lessa) with similar physicochemical characteristics to one of the farming sites (Sambaqui), was also chosen to evaluate biomarker responses to pollution. Activities of ChE, GST and GR in the digestive glands and CAT in the gills were higher in the polluted site. GR was the only biomarker to be unaltered in different farming sites, but induced in the pollution site. The trace metal concentrations in the mussels were low and unlikely to cause the changes observed in the biomarker levels. The present study strongly suggests that monitoring programs should compare sites with similar physicochemical characteristics when using a complementary biomarker approach. In addition, the baselines for the biomarkers and metal used in the present study can serve as a reference for the monitoring of these mariculture zones in future monitoring programs employing P. perna.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Alberto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sáenz
authors.forename: Edson Luiz
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Seibert
authors.forename: Juliano
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zanette
authors.forename: Haidi Dalida
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Fiedler
authors.forename: Adilson José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Curtius
authors.forename: Jaime Fernando
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alves de Almeida
authors.forename: Maria Risoleta Freire
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Afonso Celso Dias
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bainy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001938:Brazil; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D004064:Digestive System / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D049879:Mytilidae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008670:Metals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D002802:Cholinesterases