title: Heme arginate therapy enhanced adiponectin and atrial natriuretic peptide, but abated endothelin-1 with attenuation of kidney histopathological lesions in mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension.
abstract: We investigated the role of heme oxygenase (HO), adiponectin, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in uninephrectomized (UnX) deoxycorticosterone-acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats, a volume-overload model characterized by elevated endothelin-1 (ET-1), mineralocorticoid-induced oxidative/inflammatory insults, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and severe renal histopathological lesions that closely mimic end-stage renal disease (ESRD). HO was enhanced with heme arginate (HA) or blocked with chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP). Histological, morphological/morphometrical, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, enzyme immunoassay, and spectrophotometric analysis were used. Our experimental design included the following groups of rats: A, controls [surgery-free Sprague-Dawley, UnX-sham, UnX-salt (0.9% NaCl + 0.2% KCl), and UnX-DOCA]; B, UnX-DOCA-salt hypertensive; C, UnX-DOCA-salt + HA; D, UnX-DOCA-salt + HA + CrMP; E, UnX-DOCA-salt + CrMP; F, UnX-DOCA-salt + captopril; G, UnX-DOCA-salt + L-arginine; H, UnX-DOCA-salt + spironolactone; and I, UnX-DOCA-salt + vehicle. HA lowered blood pressure and abated kidney hypertrophy and renal lesions, including glomerulosclerosis, tubular dilation, tubular cast formation, interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration, glomerular hypertrophy, and renal-arteriolar thickening in UnX-DOCA hypertension. Correspondingly, HO activity, adiponectin, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), ANP, cGMP, antioxidants such as bilirubin, ferritin, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, and total antioxidant capacity were increased, whereas ET-1, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), fibronectin, and 8-isoprostane were abated. These were accompanied by reduced proteinuria/albuminuria, but increased creatinine clearance. Interestingly, HA was more renoprotective than sipronolactone, L-arginine, and captopril, whereas the HO blocker CrMP exacerbated oxidative injury, aggravating renal lesions and function. Because 8-isoprostane stimulates ET-1 to potentiate oxidative stress and fibrosis, up-regulating HO-1 enhanced tissue antioxidant status alongside cellular targets such as adiponectin, AMPK, ANP, and cGMP to suppress ET-1, TGF-beta, and fibronectin with a corresponding decline of renal lesions, proteinuria/albuminuria, and thus improved renal function. The potent renoprotection of HA could be explored to combat renal hypertrophy and histopathological lesions characteristic of ESRD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. joseph.ndisang@usask.ca
authors.forename: Joseph Fomusi
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ndisang
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jadhav
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003900:Desoxycorticosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006418:Heme / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008901:Mineralocorticoids; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D019332:Endothelin-1; D008901:Mineralocorticoids; C472610:atrial natriuretic peptide, rat; D003900:Desoxycorticosterone; D006418:Heme; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D001120:Arginine; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); C048849:heme arginate