title: Resolvins RvE1 and RvD1 attenuate inflammatory pain via central and peripheral actions.
abstract: Inflammatory pain, such as arthritis pain, is a growing health problem. Inflammatory pain is generally treated with opioids and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, but both are limited by side effects. Recently, resolvins, a unique family of lipid mediators, including RvE1 and RvD1 derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, have shown marked potency in treating disease conditions associated with inflammation. Here we report that peripheral (intraplantar) or spinal (intrathecal) administration of RvE1 or RvD1 in mice potently reduces inflammatory pain behaviors induced by intraplantar injection of formalin, carrageenan or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), without affecting basal pain perception. Intrathecal RvE1 injection also inhibits spontaneous pain and heat and mechanical hypersensitivity evoked by intrathecal capsaicin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). RvE1 has anti-inflammatory activity by reducing neutrophil infiltration, paw edema and proinflammatory cytokine expression. RvE1 also abolishes transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype-1 (TRPV1)- and TNF-alpha-induced excitatory postsynaptic current increases and TNF-alpha-evoked N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor hyperactivity in spinal dorsal horn neurons via inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Thus, we show a previously unknown role for resolvins in normalizing the spinal synaptic plasticity that has been implicated in generating pain hypersensitivity. Given the potency of resolvins and the well-known side effects of opioids and COX inhibitors, resolvins may represent new analgesics for treating inflammatory pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sensory Plasticity Laboratory, Pain Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Zhen-Zhong
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jong Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Temugin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berta
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Charles N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Serhan
authors.forename: Ru-Rong
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; C518399:resolvin D1; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; C499823:5S,12R,18R-trihydroxy-6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid
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