title: Current information on sacral neuromodulation and botulinum toxin treatment for refractory idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome: a review.
abstract: The overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) negatively affects the daily life of many people. Conservative treatments, such as antimuscarinics, do not always lead to sufficient improvement of the complaints and/or are often associated with considerable side effects resulting in treatment failure. In the case of failure or intolerable side effects, sacral neuromodulation (SNM) and botulinum toxin are minimally invasive and reversible alternatives. Currently, of these alternatives only SNM with InterStimTM therapy has FDA approval for use in OAB patients. This review attempts to provide an update on the current position of SNM and botulinum toxin in the second-line management of adults with idiopathic OAB, based on the available clinical evidence concerning the efficacy and safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. r.leong@mumc.nl
authors.forename: Randall K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Stefan G G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: De Wachter
authors.forename: Philip E V
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: van Kerrebroeck
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D013577:Syndrome; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins