title: Time course of changes in performance and inflammatory responses after acute plyometric exercise.
abstract: The objectives of the present investigation were to study the inflammatory and performance responses after an acute bout of intense plyometric exercise during a prolonged recovery period. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (P, n = 12) that performed intense plyometric exercises or a control group (C, n = 12) that rested. The delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), knee range of motion (KROM), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, white blood cell count, C reactive protein (CRP), uric acid (UA), cortisol, testosterone, IL-6, IL-1b strength (isometric and isokinetic), and countermovement (CMJ) and static (SJ) jumping performance were measured at rest, immediately postexercise and at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours of recovery. Lactate was measured at rest and postexercise. Strength remained unchanged throughout recovery, but CMJ and SJ declined (p < 0.05) by 8-20%. P induced a marked rise in DOMS, CK, and LDH (peaked 24-48 hours postexercise) and a KROM decline. An acute-phase inflammatory response consisting of leukocytosis (postexercise and at 24 hours), an IL-6, IL-1b, CRP, and cortisol elevation (during the first 24 hours of recovery) and a delayed increase of UA (peaked at 48 hours) and testosterone (peaked at 72 hours) was observed in P. The results of this investigation indicate that performing an acute bout of intense plyometric exercise may induce a short-term muscle damage and marked but transient inflammatory responses. Jumping performance seems to deteriorate for as long as 72 hours postexercise, whereas strength appears to remain unchanged. The acute-phase inflammatory response after a plyometric exercise protocol appears to follow the same pattern as in other exercise models. These results clearly indicate the need of sufficient recovery between successive plyometric exercise training sessions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatzinikolaou
authors.forename: Ioannis G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Fatouros
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gourgoulis
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avloniti
authors.forename: Athanasios Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Jamurtas
authors.forename: Michalis G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nikolaidis
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Douroudos
authors.forename: Yiannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Michailidis
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beneka
authors.forename: Paraskevi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malliou
authors.forename: Trifon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tofas
authors.forename: Ilias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Georgiadis
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mandalidis
authors.forename: Kyriakos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taxildaris
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines