title: Regulation of interferon-gamma, interleukin-4 and interleukin-2 by Schizonepeta tenuifolia through differential effects on nuclear factor-kappaB, NFATc2 and STAT4/6.
abstract: Contact with antigen on T-cells is made via the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex plus CD28, resulting in the production of cytokines including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma. In particular, dysregulation of IFN-gamma and IL-4 accounts in part for organ-specific autoimmune diseases, allergic inflammation and other chronic inflammatory disorders. The dried above-ground parts of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq are used for the treatment of common cold and skin rashes observed in allergic dermatitis, psoriasis and other dermatological disorders in oriental medicine. In the present study, we investigated whether S. tenuifolia water extract (STE) may modulate systemic levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-2 in anti-CD3-stimulated mice and the production of those cytokines in anti-CD3-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In addition, the effects of STE on anti-CD3-induced activation of several transcription factors were examined. Oral administration of STE significantly reduced the serum levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 from anti-CD3-treated mice but enhanced those of IL-2. Similar patterns were demonstrated in anti-CD3-stimulated splenocytes and PBMCs in vitro. Further analysis showed that STE enhanced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c2 but reduced that of the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. The downregulation of IFN-gamma and IL-4 was not mediated by its effects on signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4 and STAT6 activation. These results suggest that the differential regulation of STE on IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-2 may be due to its suppression of NF-kappaB, concomitant with its enhancement of NFATc2. Further mechanistic work is required to investigate the role of STE on its modulation of anti-CD3-induced cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medicine, Kyunghee University, Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hee
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Ja-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Nak-Won
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Sohn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019686:Lamiaceae; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D017931:DNA Primers; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; C494007:Nfatc2 protein, mouse; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C494091:Stat4 protein, mouse; C494100:Stat6 protein, mouse; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma