title: Development of the EQ-5D-Y: a child-friendly version of the EQ-5D.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a self-report version of the EQ-5D for younger respondents, named the EQ-5D-Y (Youth); to test its comprehensibility for children and adolescents and to compare results obtained using the standard adult EQ-5D and the EQ-5D-Y.
  
  
  METHODS
  An international task force revised the content of EQ-5D and wording to ensure relevance and clarity for young respondents. Children's and adolescents' understanding of the EQ-5D-Y was tested in cognitive interviews after the instrument was translated into German, Italian, Spanish and Swedish. Differences between the EQ-5D and the EQ-5D-Y regarding frequencies of reported problems were investigated in Germany, Spain and South Africa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The content of the EQ-5D dimensions proved to be appropriate for the measurement of HRQOL in young respondents. The wording of the questionnaire had to be adapted which led to small changes in the meaning of some items and answer options. The adapted EQ-5D-Y was satisfactorily understood by children and adolescents in different countries. It was better accepted and proved more feasible than the EQ-5D. The administration of the EQ-5D and of the EQ-5D-Y causes differences in frequencies of reported problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The newly developed EQ-5D-Y is a useful tool to measure HRQOL in young people in an age-appropriate manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatics in Children and Adolescents, Research Unit Child Public Health, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wille
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Badia
authors.forename: Gouke
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonsel
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Burström
authors.forename: Gulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cavrini
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Devlin
authors.forename: Ann-Charlotte
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Egmar
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Greiner
authors.forename: Narcis
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gusi
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herdman
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jelsma
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kind
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scalone
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ravens-Sieberer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D026683:Advisory Committees; D002648:Child; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013019:South Africa; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations
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