title: Rate of change of heart size before congestive heart failure in dogs with mitral regurgitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to examine the changes in vertebral heart scale, and left atrial and ventricular dimensions before and at onset of congestive heart failure in cavalier King Charles spaniels with mitral regurgitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records and radiographs from 24 cavalier King Charles spaniels with mitral regurgitation were used. Vertebral heart scale (24 dogs), and left atrial dimension and left ventricular end diastolic and end systolic diameters (18 dogs) and their rate of increase were measured at intervals over years to the onset of congestive heart failure. They were plotted against time to onset of congestive heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dimensions and rates of change of all parameters were highest at onset of congestive heart failure, the difference between observed and chance outcome being highly significant using a two-tailed chi-square test (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The left heart chambers increase in size rapidly only in the last year before the onset of congestive heart failure. Increasing left ventricular end systolic dimension is suggestive of myocardial failure before the onset of congestive heart failure. Rate of increase of heart dimensions may be a useful indicator of impending congestive heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala S750 07, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kvart
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Häggström
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010375:Pedigree; D012720:Severity of Illness Index