title: The polycomb group gene product Ezh2 regulates proliferation and differentiation of murine hepatic stem/progenitor cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polycomb group proteins initiate and maintain gene silencing through chromatin modifications and contribute to the maintenance of self-renewal in a variety of stem cells. Among polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs), PRC2 initiates gene silencing by methylating histone H3 lysine 27, and PRC1 maintains gene silencing through mono-ubiquitination of histone H2A lysine 119. We have previously shown that Bmi1, a core component of PRC1, tightly regulates the self-renewal of hepatic stem/progenitor cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we conducted lentivirus-mediated knockdown of Ezh2 to characterise the function of Ezh2, a major component of PRC2, in hepatic stem/progenitor cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Loss of Ezh2 function in embryonic murine hepatic stem/progenitor cells severely impaired proliferation and self-renewal capability. This effect was more prominent than that of Bmi1-knockdown and was partially abrogated by the deletion of both Ink4a and Arf, major targets of PRC1 and PRC2. Importantly, Ezh2-knockdown but not Bmi1-knockdown promoted the differentiation and terminal maturation of hepatocytes, followed by the up-regulation of several transcriptional regulators of hepatocyte differentiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that Ezh2 plays an essential role in the maintenance of both the proliferative and self-renewal capacity of hepatic stem/progenitor cells and the full execution of their differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryutaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Tetsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Negishi
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konuma
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yokosuka
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwama
mesh_terms: D020823:ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D005260:Female; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology*; D008745:Methylation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins; D011247:Pregnancy; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C489421:Bmi1 protein, mouse; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D006657:Histones; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; C498410:Ezh2 protein, mouse; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D020823:ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1