title: Calcification after myocardial infarction is independent of amniotic fluid stem cell injection.
abstract: Ischemic heart disease remains one of the most common causes of mortality in developed countries. Recently, stem cell therapy is being considered for treating ischemic heart diseases. On the other hand, there has been evidence of chondro-osteogenic mass formation after stem cell injection in the heart. In a recent publication, Chiavegato et al. (J Mol Cell Cardiol. 42 (2007) 746-759) has suggested that amniotic fluid-derived stem (AFS) cells cause chondro-osteogenic masses in the infarcted heart. The goal of the current study was to further examine the formation of such masses, specifically, the role of AFS cells in this process. Our results confirm the presence of similar bone-like masses in the left ventricular wall of infarcted rats; however, this phenomenon occurred independent of AFS cell injection into the myocardium. Moreover, AFS cell injection did not increase the presence of chondro-osteogenic masses. Echocardiographic analysis of large infarctions in rats frequently revealed the presence of echogenic structures in the left ventricular wall. We further demonstrated a significant relationship between the infarction size and chondro-osteogenic formation and subsequent decrease in cardiac function. Collectively, our study indicates that chondro-osteogenic differentiation can take place in infarcted rat heart independent of cell injection. These results have significant implications for future design and testing of stem cell therapy for treatment of cardiac muscle diseases.
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. dawn.delo@gmail.com
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Delo
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Zhan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Groban
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Sane
authors.forename: R Mark
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atala
authors.forename: Shay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soker
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid; D000818:Animals; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D053686:Fetal Stem Cells; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D011923:Rats, Nude; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*
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