title: [Usefulness of the immunohistochemical analysis of several molecular markers in the characterization of papillary thyroid carcinoma with initial lymph node metastasis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Regional lymph node metastases (LNM) are a common finding in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Approximately half of patients have LNM at diagnosis. The aim of this study was to analyze immunohistochemically the combined expression of different PTC-related molecules in order to identify cases with a tendency to show LNM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients were included in the study. The patients were distributed in two groups. Group I included 19 patients with no histological evidence of LNM at diagnosis. Group II included 16 patients with histological evidence of cervical LNM. Samples were stained for RET/PTC, EGFR, p16(INk4a), p21(cip1), p27(kip1), BCL2, and pAKT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of p21(cip1), p27(kip1), p16(INk4a), Bcl-2, and pAKT showed no differences between the two groups. However, RET/PTC and EGFR expression showed significant differences: in both cases, staining was more frequent in patients with LNM. Simultaneous positivity of RET/PTC and EGFR was a discriminative marker in patients with LNM. Finally, the combination of RET/PTC negative, EGFR negative and p16(INk4a) negative was found in none of the patients with LNM but in nearly half of those in group I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunohistochemical analysis of several molecular markers could be useful in the phenotypic characterization of PTC. Application of these markers could enhance diagnosis and improve the management of patients with thyroid cancer.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España. 26276czl@comb.cat
authors.forename: Carles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zafón
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castellví
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Obiols
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary*; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000032:analysis; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000032:analysis; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000032:analysis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C436291:CDKN1B protein, human; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; C099282:RET protein, human; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt