title: Low-level ozone exposure induces airways inflammation and modifies cell surface phenotypes in healthy humans.
abstract: The effects of low-level ozone exposure (0.08 ppm) on pulmonary function in healthy young adults are well known; however, much less is known about the inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of low-level ozone in the airways. Techniques such as induced sputum and flow cytometry make it possible to examine airways inflammatory responses and changes in immune cell surface phenotypes following low-level ozone exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine if exposure to 0.08 parts per million ozone for 6.6 h induces inflammation and modifies immune cell surface phenotypes in the airways of healthy adult subjects. Fifteen normal volunteers underwent an established 0.08 part per million ozone exposure protocol to characterize the effect of ozone on airways inflammation and immune cell surface phenotypes. Induced sputum and flow cytometry were used to assess these endpoints 24 h before and 18 h after exposure. The results showed that exposure to 0.08 ppm ozone for 6.6 h induced increased airway neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells and modified the expression of CD14, HLA-DR, CD80, and CD86 on monocytes 18 h following exposure. Exposure to 0.08 parts per million ozone is associated with increased airways inflammation and promotion of antigen-presenting cell phenotypes 18 hours following exposure. These findings need to be replicated in a similar experiment that includes a control air exposure.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Neil_Alexis@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Neil E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Alexis
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lay
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hazucha
authors.forename: Bradford
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bromberg
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kehrl
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diaz-Sanchez
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devlin
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Peden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010126:Ozone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013183:Sputum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010126:Ozone
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997 Dec;100(6 Pt 1):802-8
references.pmid: 9438490
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Feb;115(2):213-9; quiz 220
references.pmid: 15696070
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Aug;158(2):532-7
references.pmid: 9700132
references.citation: Toxicology. 2004 Apr 1;197(1):37-46
references.pmid: 15003332
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Feb;115(2):345-50
references.pmid: 15696093
references.citation: Arch Environ Health. 1997 Jan-Feb;52(1):34-41
references.pmid: 9039855
references.citation: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1991 Jan;4(1):72-81
references.pmid: 1846079
references.citation: Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2004 Sep;61(1):27-34
references.pmid: 15351979
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Jan;149(1):98-105
references.pmid: 8111607
references.citation: Rev Environ Health. 2000 Jan-Jun;15(1-2):13-42
references.pmid: 10939084
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Jun;116(6):799-805
references.pmid: 18560537
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Jun;161(6):1855-61
references.pmid: 10852757
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Jun;117(6):1396-403
references.pmid: 16751003
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2007 Mar;7(3):179-90
references.pmid: 17318230
references.citation: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Aug 1;214(3):237-43
references.pmid: 16466656
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1994 Aug;77(2):574-83
references.pmid: 8002502
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Sep;120(3):719-22
references.pmid: 17586033
references.citation: Clin Immunol. 2000 Oct;97(1):21-32
references.pmid: 10998314
references.citation: Respiration. 2009;78(3):256-62
references.pmid: 19478474
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Nov 15;164(10 Pt 1):1964-70
references.pmid: 11734453
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Aug 15;172(4):427-32
references.pmid: 15937293
references.citation: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008 Mar;100(3):206-15
references.pmid: 18426139
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Nov;114(5):1116-23
references.pmid: 15536419
references.citation: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Feb;139(2):407-15
references.pmid: 2913889
references.citation: Clin Immunol. 2004 Apr;111(1):126-31
references.pmid: 15093561