title: Hypometabolism in Alzheimer-affected brain regions in cognitively healthy Latino individuals carrying the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography whether regional reductions in the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRgl) previously found in cognitively healthy late-middle-aged apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 carriers extend to members of the Latino Mexican American community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven APOE epsilon4 carriers and 16 noncarriers from Arizona's Latino community (mean [SD] age, 54.6 [6.4] years) matched for sex, mean age, and educational level and who were predominantly of self-designated Mexican origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A brain mapping algorithm was used to compare cross-sectional regional CMRgl in Latino APOE epsilon4 carriers vs noncarriers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participant groups had similar distributions for age, sex, education, family history of dementia, clinical ratings, and neuropsychological test scores. Latino APOE epsilon4 carriers had lower CMRgl than the noncarriers in the posterior cingulate, precuneus, and parietal regions previously found to be preferentially affected in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and cognitively healthy non-Latino APOE epsilon4 carriers. Additionally, the Latino APOE epsilon4 carriers had lower CMRgl in the middle and anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides support for the relationship between APOE epsilon4 and risk of AD in Latino individuals. It illustrates the role of positron emission tomography as a presymptomatic endophenotype for the assessment of AD risk factors and supports the inclusion of Latino APOE epsilon4 carriers in proof-of-concept studies using fluorodeoxyglucose PET to evaluate promising presymptomatic treatments in cognitively healthy carriers of this common AD susceptibility gene.
authors.affiliation: Banner Alzheimer's Institute, 901 E Willetta St, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA. jessica.langbaum@bannerhealth.com
authors.forename: Jessica B S
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Langbaum
authors.forename: Kewei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Caselli
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reschke
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bandy
authors.forename: Gene E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Alfred W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Kaszniak
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Reeder
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Corneveaux
authors.forename: April N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pruzin
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Huentelman
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fleisher
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Reiman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001928:Brain Diseases, Metabolic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005820:Genetic Testing; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D005819:Genetic Markers; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
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