title: Hepatitis B virus-associated nephropathy: an International Data Analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated nephropathy is one of the manifestations of HBV infection. However, since it is not common, the patient populations of reports are usually limited. In order to have a more perfect understanding of the disease, we conducted this analysis of data published in articles of the English literature on HBV-associated nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a comprehensive search for the available publications on HBV-associated nephropathy through the PubMed. The patients were defined as pediatric when they were 18 years old or younger. The definition criteria for complete remission were in part different between studies, but a generalized definition was taken as a significant decrease in the proteinuria to levels around normal with no relapse episodes in 1 year after remission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 119 patients from 10 reports were included into this analysis. All of the patients using lamivudine experienced remissions compared to those receiving other treatment modalities (P = .001), of whom 72.7% (16 of 22) had complete remission (P = .08). None of lamivudine recipients lost their kidneys (P = .04). Pediatric patients were more frequently positive for hepatitis B envelop antigen (P = .001). Immunoglobulin A nephropathy was more frequent among adult patients (P = .01), and membranous nephropathy in children (P = .01). Children represented significantly higher levels for aspartate aminotransferase (P = .004) and alanine aminotransferase (P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lamivudine therapy can effectively be used to stop progression of HBV-associated nephropathy. Pediatric patients represent different serological and laboratorial test results compared to their adult counterparts. Future studies with larger patient population are needed to confirm our findings.
authors.affiliation: Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. khedmat.h@gmail.com
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khedmat
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taheri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine