title: Antioxidant properties, radical scavenging activity and biomolecule protection capacity of flavonoid naringenin and its glycoside naringin: a comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to evaluate and compare antioxidant capacity and radical scavenging activity of naringin and its aglycone by different in vitro assays. The effects of flavanones on lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) oxidation and DNA cleavage were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that naringenin exhibited higher antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenger efficiency than naringin. Our results evidenced that glycosylation attenuated the efficiency in inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase and the aglycone could act like a more active chelator of metallic ions than the glycoside. Additionally, naringenin showed a greater effectiveness in the protection against oxidative damage to lipids in a dose-dependent manner. Both flavanones were equally effective in reducing DNA damage. However, they show no protective effect on oxidation of GSH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data obtained support the importance of characterizing the ratio naringin/naringenin in foods when they are evaluated for their health benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Burgos, E-09001 Burgos, Spain.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavia-Saiz
authors.forename: Maria D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Busto
authors.forename: Maria Concepción
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pilar-Izquierdo
authors.forename: Natividad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perez-Mateos
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muñiz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D044950:Flavanones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006027:Glycosides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006031:Glycosylation; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002614:Chelating Agents; D044950:Flavanones; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006027:Glycosides; D013481:Superoxides; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D005978:Glutathione