Historical distribution and molecular diversity of Bacillus anthracis, Kazakhstan.
To map the distribution of anthrax outbreaks and strain subtypes in Kazakhstan during 1937-2005, we combined geographic information system technology and genetic analysis by using archived cultures and data. Biochemical and genetic tests confirmed the identity of 93 archived cultures in the Kazakhstan National Culture Collection as Bacillus anthracis. Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis genotyping identified 12 genotypes. Cluster analysis comparing these genotypes with previously published genotypes indicated that most (n = 78) isolates belonged to the previously described A1.a genetic cluster, 6 isolates belonged to the A3.b cluster, and 2 belonged to the A4 cluster. Two genotypes in the collection appeared to represent novel genetic sublineages; 1 of these isolates was from Krygystan. Our data provide a description of the historical, geographic, and genetic diversity of B. anthracis in this Central Asian region.
Aikembayev
Alim M
AM
Kazakhstan Scientific Center for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Lukhnova
Larissa
L
Temiraliyeva
Gulnara
G
Meka-Mechenko
Tatyana
T
Pazylov
Yerlan
Y
Zakaryan
Sarkis
S
Denissov
Georgiy
G
Easterday
W Ryan
WR
Van Ert
Matthew N
MN
Keim
Paul
P
Francesconi
Stephen C
SC
Blackburn
Jason K
JK
Hugh-Jones
Martin
M
Hadfield
Ted
T
D000818:Animals; D000881:Anthrax / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018070:Biological Specimen Banks; D002162:Camelus; D002417:Cattle; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004285:Dogs; D005589:Foxes; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D006041:Goats; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007623:Kazakhstan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008907:Mink; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012756:Sheep; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
D004269:DNA, Bacterial
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