title: Pneumonia during the first two years of life does not increase risk of respiratory infections in preschool children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between severe pneumonia during the first two years of life and subsequent respiratory infections in preschool children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study. We interviewed parents of children who were classified as exposed (n = 36) or non-exposed (n = 84), based on whether they were hospitalized with radiologically-confirmed pneumonia during the first two years of life. The main outcomes were physician-diagnosed respiratory infections (acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and pneumonia) and use of antibiotics during the last 2 and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of prevalence of acute otitis media, pharyngitis, pneumonia and use of antibiotics during the last 2 months (5.9 vs 6.2%, 14.3 vs 26.0%, 0.0 vs 1.2% and 36.7 vs 38.7% respectively; P > 0.05 for all comparisons) and during the last 12 months (20.6 vs 18.5%, 40.0 vs 45.5%, 2.8 vs 2.4% and 76.7 vs 77.3% respectively; P > 0.05 for all comparisons).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pneumonia severe enough to require hospitalization during the first two years of life does not increase the risk of respiratory infections in preschool children.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Linjie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Heruza E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Zogbi
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Menta
authors.forename: Marina H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Natália
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Larentis
authors.forename: Samira G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chadha
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D015995:Prevalence; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents