Lifestyle, occupational, and reproductive factors and risk of colorectal cancer.
OBJECTIVE
Lifestyle factors and environmental exposures might help explain the risk of colorectal carcinoma in countries where the incidence is low, but unique patterns of young onset and a high proportion of rectal cancer exist.


METHODS
We obtained detailed lifestyle information from 421 patients with colorectal cancer and 439 hospital-controls in Egypt. Logistic regression models were computed to evaluate the risk factors of colorectal carcinoma.


RESULTS
A history of pesticide exposure and more frequently eating food directly from farms were significantly associated with a higher risk of colorectal carcinoma (odds ratio = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.1-5.9, and odds ratio = 4.6; 95% CI = 1.5-14.6, respectively). Parous women who reported 7 or more live births or breastfed for 19 months or longer per live birth had a significantly lower risk for colorectal carcinoma (odds ratio = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.2-0.7, and odds ratio = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.1-0.4, respectively). Compared with patients aged 40 years or older, industrial exposures were more common in younger patients (P = .05).


CONCLUSIONS
Agricultural and industrial exposures were associated with increased risk of colorectal carcinoma, whereas prolonged lactation and increased parity were inversely associated with colorectal carcinoma in women. Further research to elucidate the biological role of intense environmental and industrial exposures and reproductive factors including lactation may further clarify the etiology of colorectal cancer.
Lo
An-Chi
AC
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. asoliman@umich.edu
Soliman
Amr S
AS
Khaled
Hussein M
HM
Aboelyazid
Ahmed
A
Greenson
Joel K
JK
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007774:Lactation; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D009790:Occupations; D010298:Parity; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
D010575:Pesticides
Int J Epidemiol. 1999 Jun;28(3):365-74
10405835
Cancer Lett. 1999 Jul 19;142(1):97-104
10424787
Br J Cancer. 2001 Sep 28;85(7):1037-46
11592777
Int J Cancer. 2007 Jan 15;120(2):392-7
17066425
Cancer Lett. 2000 Oct 16;159(1):79-86
10974409
Dis Colon Rectum. 2002 Sep;45(9):1255-60
12352245
Int J Cancer. 1997 Mar 28;71(1):26-30
9096661
Environ Res. 2003 Jun;92(2):110-7
12854690
Tob Control. 2004 Dec;13(4):327-33
15564614
Gastroenterology. 1999 Jun;116(6):1453-6
10348829
Cancer Causes Control. 1995 Jul;6(4):332-8
7548720
Cancer Causes Control. 2005 Dec;16(10):1177-88
16215868
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996 Dec 4;88(23):1717-30
8944002
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995 Jul 19;87(14):1039-40
7616590
BMC Cancer. 2006 Mar 17;6:71
16545110
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 May;14(5):1212-8
15894674
Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Apr;95(4):859-60
10763922
Pancreas. 2007 Aug;35(2):120-9
17632317
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2004 Jun;25(6):479-83
15231121
Int J Cancer. 2000 Sep 15;87(6):874-9
10956400
Int J Cancer. 1998 Sep 11;77(6):811-6
9714045
CA Cancer J Clin. 2005 Mar-Apr;55(2):74-108
15761078
Int J Cancer. 2004 Apr 20;109(4):587-97
14991582
Public Health Nutr. 2002 Feb;5(1A):141-8
12027277
Arch Environ Health. 1997 Nov-Dec;52(6):409-15
9541361
Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Dec 1;11(23):8281-7
16322286
Lancet Oncol. 2005 Nov;6(11):871-6
16257795
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Dec;14(12):2826-8
16364996
Cancer Res. 1989 Oct 1;49(19):5459-68
2766308
Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jan;36(1):25-39
16423841
Arch Environ Health. 2002 Nov-Dec;57(6):561-7
12696654
Am J Epidemiol. 2002 May 1;155(9):793-5; discussion 796-7
11978581
Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Apr;116(4):559-65
18414643
Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 Apr;94(4):1114
10201503
Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Sep;86(3):556-65
17823417
Eur J Cancer Prev. 2002 Jun;11(3):237-44
12131657
Int J Oncol. 1998 Jun;12(6):1315-9
9592192
Cancer Causes Control. 1992 Jul;3(4):355-60
1617123
Cancer. 2006 Sep 1;107(5 Suppl):1172-80
16838315