title: Linguistic analysis to assess the effect of a mindfulness intervention on self-change for adults in substance use recovery.
abstract: Substance use is a pervasive health problem. Therapeutic community (TC) is an established substance abuse treatment but TC environments are stressful and dropout rates are high. Mindfulness-based TC (MBTC) intervention was developed to address TC stress and support self-change that could impact treatment retention. Self-change was assessed through feeling and thinking word-use in written stories of stress from 140 TC residents in a historical control group and 253 TC residents in a MBTC intervention group. Data were collected 5 times over a 9-month period. Linguistic analysis showed no differences between the groups over time; however, over all time points, the MBTC intervention group used fewer negative emotion words than the TC control group. Also, negative emotion (P < .01) and anxiety (P < .01) word-use decreased whereas positive emotion word-use increased (P < .05) over time in both groups. Descriptive data from linguistic analyses indicated that sustained self-change demands participation in mindfulness behaviors beyond the instructor-guided MBTC intervention.
authors.affiliation: Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA. pliehr@fau.edu
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liehr
authors.forename: Marianne T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: Deidra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: L Kian
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Granmayeh
authors.forename: Stanley G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Cron
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pennebaker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008037:Linguistics / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D019122:Meditation / Q000379:methods*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000628:therapy; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D013808:Therapeutic Community
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