title: Immunomodulation by intravenous immunoglobulin: role of regulatory T cells.
abstract: An altered immune homeostasis as a result of deficiency or defective function of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) is common in several autoimmune diseases. Hence, therapeutic strategies to render Tregs functionally competent are being investigated. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is being increasingly used for the treatment of a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that IVIG induces the expansion of Tregs and enhances their suppressive functions. These effects of IVIG on Tregs correlate with the beneficial effects of IVIG in patients with autoimmune diseases. Thus, modulation of Tregs by IVIG represents a novel mode of action that explains the therapeutic effects of IVIG in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in IVIG-mediated modulation of Tregs are unclear and need further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Unité 872, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Paris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Mohan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Maddur
authors.forename: Shivashankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Othy
authors.forename: Pushpa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.forename: Janakiraman
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vani
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacroix-Desmazes
authors.forename: Jagadeesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bayry
authors.forename: Srini V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kaveri
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D018448:Models, Immunological; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors
references.citation: Blood. 2008 Jan 15;111(2):715-22
references.pmid: 17932250
references.citation: Nature. 2006 May 11;441(7090):235-8
references.pmid: 16648838
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jul 22;105(29):10113-8
references.pmid: 18635688
references.citation: Blood. 2008 Oct 15;112(8):3003-4
references.pmid: 18840719
references.citation: Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2007 May;3(5):262-72
references.pmid: 17471245
references.citation: J Immunol. 2007 Oct 15;179(8):5571-5
references.pmid: 17911644
references.citation: Trends Mol Med. 2007 Mar;13(3):108-16
references.pmid: 17257897
references.citation: Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):271-5
references.pmid: 18845758
references.citation: Cell. 2008 May 30;133(5):775-87
references.pmid: 18510923
references.citation: Drug Discov Today. 2007 Jul;12(13-14):548-52
references.pmid: 17631249
references.citation: Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2009 May;5(5):244-5
references.pmid: 19412189
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 2008;26:513-33
references.pmid: 18370923
references.citation: Blood. 2008 Oct 15;112(8):3303-11
references.pmid: 18660382
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 2007 Dec;192(1-2):206-14
references.pmid: 17997492
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2009 May;174(5):1575-87
references.pmid: 19349365
references.citation: J Pediatr. 2004 Sep;145(3):385-90
references.pmid: 15343196
references.citation: Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2007 Jan;3(1):36-44
references.pmid: 17205073
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2008 Mar;9(3):239-44
references.pmid: 18285775
references.citation: BMC Immunol. 2009 Jan 27;10:5
references.pmid: 19173720
references.citation: Immunity. 2009 May;30(5):636-45
references.pmid: 19464986
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2009 Feb 16;206(2):421-34
references.pmid: 19188497
references.citation: Trends Immunol. 2008 Sep;29(9):429-35
references.pmid: 18676178
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2001 Sep 6;345(10):747-55
references.pmid: 11547745
references.citation: Trends Immunol. 2008 Dec;29(12):608-15
references.pmid: 18926775