title: Modeling terahertz heating effects on water.
abstract: We apply Kirchhoff's heat equation to model the influence of a CW terahertz beam on a sample of water, which is assumed to be static. We develop a generalized model, which easily can be applied to other liquids and solids by changing the material constants. If the terahertz light source is focused down to a spot with a diameter of 0.5 mm, we find that the steady-state temperature increase per milliwatt of transmitted power is 1.8?C/mW. A quantum cascade laser can produce a CW beam in the order of several milliwatts and this motivates the need to estimate the effect of beam power on the sample temperature. For THz time domain systems, we indicate how to use our model as a worst-case approximation based on the beam average power. It turns out that THz pulses created from photoconductive antennas give a negligible increase in temperature. As biotissue contains a high water content, this leads to a discussion of worst-case predictions for THz heating of the human body in order to motivate future detailed study. An open source Matlab implementation of our model is freely available for use at www.eleceng.adelaide.edu.au/thz.
authors.affiliation: DTU Fotonik - Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Torben T L
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: Withawat
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Withayachumnankul
authors.forename: Peter U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Jepsen
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abbott