title: Reducing scanning electron microscope charging by using exponential contrast stretching technique on post-processing images.
abstract: An exponential contrast stretching (ECS) technique is developed to reduce the charging effects on scanning electron microscope images. Compared to some of the conventional histogram equalization methods, such as bi-histogram equalization and recursive mean-separate histogram equalization, the proposed ECS method yields better image compensation. Diode sample chips with insulating and conductive surfaces are used as test samples to evaluate the efficiency of the developed algorithm. The algorithm is implemented in software with a frame grabber card, forming the front-end video capture element.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia. sksbg2003@yahoo.com
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Tso
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D009033:Culicidae / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005123:Eye / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*