title: Guard cell anion channel SLAC1 is regulated by CDPK protein kinases with distinct Ca2+ affinities.
abstract: In response to drought stress, the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomatal closure. Thereby the stress hormone activates guard cell anion channels in a calcium-dependent, as well as -independent, manner. Open stomata 1 protein kinase (OST1) and ABI1 protein phosphatase (ABA insensitive 1) represent key components of calcium-independent ABA signaling. Recently, the guard cell anion channel SLAC1 was identified. When expressed heterologously SLAC1 remained electrically silent. Upon coexpression with Ca(2+)-independent OST1, however, SLAC1 anion channels appear activated in an ABI1-dependent manner. Mutants lacking distinct calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) appeared impaired in ABA stimulation of guard cell ion channels, too. To study SLAC1 activation via the calcium-dependent ABA pathway, we studied the SLAC1 response to CPKs in the Xenopus laevis oocyte system. Split YFP-based protein-protein interaction assays, using SLAC1 as the bait, identified guard cell expressed CPK21 and 23 as major interacting partners. Upon coexpression of SLAC1 with CPK21 and 23, anion currents document SLAC1 stimulation by these guard cell protein kinases. Ca(2+)-sensitive activation of SLAC1, however, could be assigned to the CPK21 pathway only because CPK23 turned out to be rather Ca(2+)-insensitive. In line with activation by OST1, CPK activation of the guard cell anion channel was suppressed by ABI1. Thus the CPK and OST1 branch of ABA signal transduction in guard cells seem to converge on the level of SLAC1 under the control of the ABI1/ABA-receptor complex.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany. geiger@botanik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scherzer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mumm
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marten
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ache
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matschi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liese
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wellmann
authors.forename: K A S
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Al-Rasheid
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grill
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Romeis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hedrich
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000220:Adaptation, Biological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D055864:Droughts; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C528438:SLAC1 protein, Arabidopsis; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D011494:Protein Kinases; C472139:OST1 protein, Arabidopsis; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
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