title: [Craniofacial prostheses for facial defects].
abstract: Craniofacial prostheses (or epitheses) are artificial substitutes for facial defects. Today, prostheses made of silicone are state-of-the-art. They may be fixed anatomically (to already existing structures), mechanically (to spectacle frames), chemically (using adhesives), or surgically (to osseointegrated titanium implants). With the existing extraoral implant systems, prostheses may be securely anchored to the bone regardless of size and location of the defect. The classic atraumatic surgical technique has remained an unchanged prerequisite for successful implantation by avoidance of any heat trauma to the bone. This review outlines the indications and contra-indications as well as advantages and disadvantages of craniofacial prostheses and their retention methods in various facial regions. It summarizes the basic principles of extraoral implantology in respect to implant positioning and the management of children and radiated patients.
authors.affiliation: Univ.-Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik Heidelberg, Deutschland. federspil@med.uni-heidelberg.de <federspil@med.uni-heidelberg.de>
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Federspil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002648:Child; D004431:Ear, External / Q000601:surgery; D004954:Esthetics; D005137:Eye, Artificial; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D017755:Prosthesis Fitting; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D012828:Silicones; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D053441:Suture Anchors; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D012828:Silicones; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D014025:Titanium
references.citation: J Prosthet Dent. 2005 Aug;94(2):177-82
references.pmid: 16046970
references.citation: Am J Otol. 1981 Apr;2(4):304-10
references.pmid: 6894824
references.citation: Laryngoscope. 1981 May;91(5):811-5
references.pmid: 7231030
references.citation: Laryngorhinootologie. 2007 Apr;86 Suppl 1:S67-76
references.pmid: 17431830
references.citation: Laryngorhinootologie. 2009 May;88 Suppl 1:S125-38
references.pmid: 19353454
references.citation: Laryngorhinootologie. 2007 Dec;86(12):854-60
references.pmid: 18183648
references.citation: Contact Dermatitis. 1992 Jul;27(1):1-7
references.pmid: 1424584
references.citation: Z Laryngol Rhinol Otol. 1973 Jun;52(6):445-9
references.pmid: 4734044
references.citation: Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord). 1992;113(5):431-7
references.pmid: 1344568
references.citation: HNO. 1998 Jun;46(6):569-78
references.pmid: 9677488
references.citation: Laryngorhinootologie. 2007 Apr;86 Suppl 1:S121-40
references.pmid: 17431834
references.citation: HNO. 2006 Oct;54(10):749-55
references.pmid: 16607505
references.citation: HNO. 2002 May;50(5):405-9
references.pmid: 12089805
references.citation: Skull Base Surg. 1995;5(4):207-12
references.pmid: 17170960
references.citation: J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005 May;63(5):579-85
references.pmid: 15883929
references.citation: Oral Dis. 2007 May;13(3):261-9
references.pmid: 17448206
references.citation: Dtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir. 1991 Nov-Dec;15(6):421-7
references.pmid: 1817781