title: Immunogenicity and safety of Queensland V4 and Ulster 2C strains of Newcastle disease virus given to maternally immune, newly hatched chickens by nebulization.
abstract: Commercial chickens with a high level of maternal antibodies for Newcastle disease were vaccinated when newly hatched with Queensland V4 or Ulster 2C Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains by nebulization. The exposure time to a fine aerosol of vaccine produced with an ultrasonic nebulizer was 60 sec. The chickens were challenged oculonasally with virulent NDV strain Texas GB in weekly intervals up to the 49th day of life. Although protected for several weeks by maternal antibody, they were sufficiently protected thereafter by active immune response to the vaccines. Vaccinal reactions were not observed. Queensland V4 produced higher titers than Ulster 2C and provided better protection to challenge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. hmazija@vef.hr
authors.forename: Hrvoje
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mazija
authors.forename: Stanko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cajavec
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ergotić
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ciglar-Grozdanić
authors.forename: Zeljko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gottstein
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ragland
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002645:Chickens; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D008297:Male; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D014765:Viral Vaccines