title: Neuropeptides: keeping the balance between pathogen immunity and immune tolerance.
abstract: Various neuropeptides have emerged recently as potent immunomodulatory factors with potential for their therapeutic use in immune disorders. Here we highlight the most recent data relevant in the field and we offer our opinion on how neuropeptide therapy might impact clinical immune diseases, and the challenges in this field that must be overcome before achieving medical progress. We also review recent reports describing the antimicrobial effects showed by some neuropeptides and the therapeutic, physiological, and evolutionary consequences of this new finding. Finally, we discuss how a physiologically functional neuropeptide system contributes to general health and how neuropeptides educate our immune system to be tolerant.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine, CSIC, Avd. Conocimiento, Granada, Spain. elenag@ipb.csic.es
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Rey
authors.forename: Doina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ganea
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delgado
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000502:physiology*; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009479:Neuropeptides
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