title: Cellular and molecular mechanism of interleukin-1β modulation of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier.
abstract: Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a prototypical multifunctional cytokine that plays an important role in intestinal inflammation of Crohn's disease and other inflammatory conditions of the gut. Previous studies have shown that IL-1β causes an increase in intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) permeability both in in vivo animal and in vitro cell culture model systems. The IL-1β-induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability has been postulated to be an important pathogenic mechanism contributing to intestinal inflammation. However, the signalling pathways and the molecular processes that mediate the IL-1β modulation of intestinal epithelial TJ barrier remain unclear. Here, we show that the IL-1β-induced increase in Caco-2 monolayer TJ permeability was mediated by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signalling pathway and that inhibition of ERK1/2 activity inhibits the IL-1β-induced increase in Caco-2 TJ permeability. The activation of ERK1/2 pathway caused a downstream activation of nuclear transcription factor Elk-1. The activated Elk-1 translocated to the nucleus and binds to the cis-binding motif on myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) promoter region, triggering MLCK gene activation, MLCK mRNA transcription and MLCK protein synthesis and MLCK catalysed opening of the intestinal epithelial TJ barrier. These studies provide novel insight into the cellular and molecular processes that mediate the IL-1β-induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Rana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Al-Sadi
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Hamid M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Said
authors.forename: Thomas Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050807:ets-Domain Protein Elk-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494112:ELK1 protein, human; D005419:Flavonoids; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D050807:ets-Domain Protein Elk-1; D004247:DNA; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
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