title: The DECISIONS study: a nationwide survey of United States adults regarding 9 common medical decisions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient involvement is required before patients' preferences can be reflected in the medical care they receive. Furthermore, patients are a vital link between physicians' assessments of patients' needs and actual implementation of appropriate care. Yet no study has specifically examined how and when a representative sample of patients considered, discussed, and made medical decisions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify decision prevalence and decision-making processes regarding 1) initiation of prescription medications for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or depression; 2) screening tests for colorectal, breast, or prostate cancer; and 3) surgeries for knee or hip replacement, cataracts, or lower back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer-assisted telephone interview survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationally representative sample of US adults in households with telephones.
  
  
  METHODS
  3010 English-speaking adults age 40 and older identified using a stratified random sample of telephone numbers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estimated prevalence of medical decisions, defined as the patient having initiated medications, been screened, or had surgery within the past 2 years or having discussed these actions with a health care provider during the same interval, as well as decision-specific data regarding patient knowledge, attitudes and patient-provider interactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  82.2% of the target population reported making at least 1 medical decision in the preceding 2 years. The proportion of decisions resulting in patient action varied dramatically both across decision type (medications [61%] v. screening [83%] v. surgery [44%]; P < 0.001), and within each category (e.g., blood pressure medications [76%] v. cholesterol medications [55%] vs. depression medications [48%]; P < 0.001). Respondents reported making more decisions if they had a primary care provider or poorer health status and fewer decisions if they had lower education, were male, or were under age 50. Limitations. Retrospective self-reports may incorporate recall biases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical decisions with significant life-saving, quality of life, and cost implications are a pervasive part of life for most US adults. The DECISIONS dataset provides a rich research environment for exploring factors influencing when and how patients make common medical decisions.
authors.affiliation: VA Health Services Research & Development Center of Excellence, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. bzikmund@umich.edu
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Zikmund-Fisher
authors.forename: Mick P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Couper
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Floyd J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ziniel
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ubel
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fagerlin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003142:Communication; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014481:United States