Proinflammatory cytokines in heart failure: double-edged swords.
Increased circulating and intracardiac levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been associated with chronic heart failure. Following an initial insult, the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, and IL-18, jeopardizes the surrounding tissue through propagation of the inflammatory response and direct effects on the cardiac myocyte structure and function. Cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, contractile dysfunction, cardiac myocyte apoptosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling contribute enormously to the development and progression of chronic heart failure. Despite the identification of efficacious pharmacological regimens and introduction of mechanical interventions, chronic heart failure remains among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. To introduce novel therapeutic strategies that modulate the inflammatory response in the context of the failing heart, it is of prime importance to determine the contributions of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, and IL-18 in mediating cardiac adaptive and maladaptive responses, as well as delineating their downstream intracellular signaling pathways and their potential therapeutic implications.
Hedayat
Mona
M
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mahmoudi
Mohammad Jafar
MJ
Rose
Noel R
NR
Rezaei
Nima
N
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D020382:Interleukin-18; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Cell. 1998 Oct 2;95(1):29-39
9778245
J Cell Physiol. 2008 Jun;215(3):697-707
18064631
Am J Cardiol. 2002 Nov 15;90(10):1118-22
12423714
Eur J Immunol. 2000 Oct;30(10):3057-60
11069090
Circulation. 1998 Jul 14;98(2):149-56
9679721
Cell. 1996 Nov 15;87(4):619-28
8929531
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Jul;291(1):H176-83
16473963
J Immunol. 1992 Jun 15;148(12):4066-71
1602143
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Sep 17;99(19):12333-8
12237475
Cardiovasc Res. 2002 Mar;53(4):902-10
11922900
Am J Physiol. 1996 Apr;270(4 Pt 2):H1231-9
8967361
Cell. 1999 Apr 16;97(2):189-98
10219240
J Biol Chem. 1996 Apr 19;271(16):9535-45
8621626
J Exp Med. 1996 Mar 1;183(3):949-58
8642298
J Biol Chem. 1998 Apr 17;273(16):9703-10
9545305
J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 20;277(38):34679-91
12105209
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002 Mar;282(3):H983-9
11834496
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Nov 7;97(23):12746-51
11070088
Am J Physiol. 1996 Oct;271(4 Pt 2):H1449-55
8897939
Cell. 1995 Jul 28;82(2):241-50
7543024
Cytokine. 1992 Sep;4(5):340-6
1420994
Circulation. 2001 Jan 30;103(4):555-61
11157722
Circulation. 2003 Aug 26;108(8):1002-8
12912811
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Mar 9;354(2):552-8
17250807
Lupus. 2005;14(9):646-51
16218459
Heart. 2003 Jan;89(1):14-8
12482782
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003 Mar;284(3):H960-9
12578819
Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jul;107(1):131-7
15963355
Cardiovasc Res. 2006 Feb 15;69(3):666-76
16426590
J Clin Invest. 1995 Aug;96(2):1042-52
7635940
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Oct 12;362(1):200-205
17706606
Int J Cardiol. 2002 Sep;85(1):161-71
12163221
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Jan 20;339(3):956-63
16325763
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Jul;293(1):H743-53
17416608
Eur J Heart Fail. 2004 Oct;6(6):693-703
15542404
J Clin Invest. 1995 Aug;96(2):1093-9
7635944
Ann Thorac Surg. 1998 Feb;65(2):439-43
9485242
Lab Invest. 1996 Dec;75(6):809-18
8973476
Shock. 2002 Oct;18(4):360-6
12392281
Circ Res. 1997 Nov;81(5):664-71
9351439
Exp Cell Res. 2003 Aug 1;288(1):208-17
12878172
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jun 5;98(12):6668-73
11381115
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jan 4;97(1):315-9
10618415
Am Heart J. 2006 Oct;152(4):712.e1-6
16996843
Basic Res Cardiol. 1992 Jan-Feb;87(1):12-8
1567350
J Clin Invest. 1992 Sep;90(3):693-8
1522226
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1989 Jan;21(1):103-13
2716064
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Aug 24;213(3):1002-9
7654217
Int J Cardiol. 2008 Jun 6;126(3):414-20
18192036
Cell Immunol. 1996 Nov 1;173(2):230-5
8912881
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009 Jul;297(1):H76-85
19429811
Cytokine. 2005 Feb 21;29(4):159-68
15652448
Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Mar;153 Suppl 1:S414-27
18246092
J Immunol. 2001 Sep 1;167(5):2879-86
11509635
Circulation. 1997 Mar 4;95(5):1247-52
9054856
Circulation. 2008 May 13;117(19):2544-65
18391114
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Jan;1772(1):5-14
17045464
Int Rev Immunol. 1998;16(5-6):457-99
9646173
Circulation. 2008 May 20;117(20):2670-83
18474815
Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Jun;18(6):3518-26
9584192
Circ Res. 1999 Aug 6;85(3):272-9
10436170
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 23;92(11):4862-6
7539136
Circulation. 1993 Nov;88(5 Pt 2):II387-94
8222183
Adv Immunol. 2008;99:95-114
19117533
J Immunol. 2003 May 1;170(9):4731-7
12707353
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;45(4):301-9
15772517
Circulation. 2002 May 7;105(18):2192-7
11994254
Circulation. 2003 Aug 5;108(5):598-604
12874189
Circulation. 2001 Sep 18;104(12 Suppl 1):I308-I3
11568074
Nature. 1995 Nov 2;378(6552):88-91
7477296
Am J Physiol. 1998 Jul;275(1):H250-8
9688921
Br J Pharmacol. 1995 Jan;114(1):27-34
7536096
J Cell Biol. 1997 Oct 6;139(1):115-27
9314533
Circulation. 2009 Mar 17;119(10):1386-97
19255345
Basic Res Cardiol. 2007 Jan;102(1):63-72
16817025
Cardiovasc Res. 2003 Jan;57(1):20-7
12504810
Science. 1995 Mar 31;267(5206):1990-4
7701321
Cardiovasc Pathol. 2005 Mar-Apr;14(2):49-60
15780796
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1996 Aug;28(8):1631-9
8877773
Curr Opin Cardiol. 2008 May;23(3):254-60
18382215
Congest Heart Fail. 2006 Nov-Dec;12(6):324-8
17170586
Circulation. 2001 Jan 16;103(2):220-5
11208680
J Immunol. 1998 Sep 1;161(5):2217-22
9725214
Circulation. 1998 Jul 28;98(4):346-52
9711940
Circ Res. 1995 Sep;77(3):494-502
7543826
Am J Physiol. 1998 Sep;275(3):H1016-23
9724308
Circ Res. 2004 Dec 10;95(12):1140-53
15591236
JAMA. 2003 Jan 8;289(2):194-202
12517230
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2001 Nov;33(11):1929-36
11708838
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Oct 28;100(22):12929-34
14566054
Circ Res. 1990 Jun;66(6):1561-75
2160870
J Biol Chem. 1997 Feb 28;272(9):5828-32
9038198
Ann Rheum Dis. 2000 Nov;59 Suppl 1:i90-3
11053097
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 May;292(5):R1900-6
17234961
Cytokine. 1995 Apr;7(3):251-9
7640345
Circ Res. 2002 Nov 29;91(11):988-98
12456484
Gastroenterology. 2001 Nov;121(5):1145-57
11677207
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Apr;35(5):1338-46
10758978
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2004 Apr 2;84(7):548-53
15144587
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2000 Oct;279(4):H1635-44
11009450
Circulation. 2002 Dec 10;106(24):3068-72
12473553
Circ Res. 1997 Oct;81(4):627-35
9314845
Cardiovasc Res. 2003 Jul 1;59(1):122-31
12829183
Circulation. 2001 Aug 14;104(7):826-31
11502710
Circ Res. 2002 Feb 8;90(2):128-34
11834704
J Biol Chem. 2003 May 2;278(18):16304-9
12595539
J Immunol. 1993 Aug 1;151(3):1682-90
8335952
Cell. 1995 Jan 27;80(2):285-91
7834748
Cardiovasc Res. 2006 Jan;69(1):164-77
16219301
EMBO J. 2000 Dec 1;19(23):6341-50
11101507
Circulation. 1998 Apr 14;97(14):1392-400
9577951
Autoimmunity. 2004 Mar;37(2):131-45
15293883
Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 1998 Aug;99(8):485-9
9789282
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 30;184(2):1056-9
1374234
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jun;87(11):4275-9
2349236
Circ Res. 1999 Jan 8-22;84(1):21-33
9915771
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Sep;287(3):H1303-11
15317679
Cardiovasc Res. 2000 Sep;47(4):797-805
10974228
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2002 May;34(5):583-96
12056861
Cardiovasc Res. 1999 Mar;41(3):514-23
10435023
Circ Res. 1995 Sep;77(3):486-93
7543825
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jul;87(13):5026-30
2367521
Circulation. 2004 Apr 6;109(13):1594-602
15023878
Circ Res. 2002 Dec 13;91(12):1119-26
12480812
J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996 Jul;28(1):247-52
8752821
Life Sci. 2006 Apr 25;78(22):2633-42
16310223
Presse Med. 2004 Feb 28;33(4):256-61; discussion 269
15029017
J Immunol. 1988 Nov 1;141(9):3106-10
3262680
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1988 Mar;20(3):267-76
3398057
Biochem J. 1998 Sep 1;334 ( Pt 2):297-314
9716487
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2005 Sep;39(3):545-51
15890357
J Card Fail. 2001 Dec;7(4):355-64
11782860
Eur J Heart Fail. 2009 Feb;11(2):119-29
19168509
Shock. 2002 May;17(5):345-53
12022752
Heart Fail Rev. 2001 Mar;6(2):119-27
11309530
Circulation. 2007 Mar 20;115(11):1398-407
17353445
Circ Res. 2003 Apr 4;92(6):589-91
12637370
Circulation. 2006 Nov 28;114(22):2364-73
17101849
Lancet. 2008 Jan 19;371(9608):228-36
18207018
Circulation. 1998 Apr 14;97(14):1382-91
9577950
Circulation. 2004 Feb 17;109(6):750-5
14970111
J Clin Invest. 2007 Sep;117(9):2692-701
17694177
Circ Res. 1997 Oct;81(4):493-503
9314830
Eur Surg Res. 2001 Sep-Dec;33(5-6):383-7
11805400
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006 Dec;99(6):391-7
17169118
Circulation. 1994 Jul;90(1):375-83
7517798
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Nov;26(11):2421-32
16973967
J Card Fail. 2008 Feb;14(1):61-74
18226775
Can J Cardiol. 1996 Dec;12(12):1259-67
8987966
J Biol Chem. 2001 Oct 5;276(40):37069-75
11477102
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002 Apr;282(4):H1288-95
11893563
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Aug;289(2):H708-14
15821032
Heart Fail Rev. 2004 Jan;9(1):43-51
14739767
Circulation. 2003 Jul 1;107(25):3133-40
12796126
Experientia. 1989 Jun 15;45(6):526-35
2472287
Heart Fail Rev. 2006 Mar;11(1):83-92
16819581
J Biol Chem. 1994 Nov 4;269(44):27580-8
7525557
Am J Physiol. 1999 Jan;276(1):R265-76
9887205
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002 Aug;283(2):H650-7
12124212
Annu Rev Pathol. 2006;1:297-329
18039117
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1999 Nov;31(11):1997-2006
10591026
Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 1996 Aug;93(2):149-62
8884986
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2004 Sep;25(9):1157-64
15339391
Circ Res. 2000 Jun 23;86(12):1259-65
10864917
J Immunol. 1999 Jan 15;162(2):1096-100
9916738
Basic Res Cardiol. 2004 Jan;99(1):18-28
14685702
Chin Med J (Engl). 2004 Aug;117(8):1135-42
15361284
Curr Med Chem. 2006;13(16):1877-93
16842199
Br J Pharmacol. 1987 Nov;92(3):639-46
3322462
Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 1999 Sep;12(3):343-59
10856974
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1998 Oct;30(10):2003-12
9799654
Lab Invest. 1979 Mar;40(3):364-72
423529
Cytokine. 2003 Jun 7;22(5):142-8
12842762
J Clin Invest. 1998 Feb 1;101(3):711-21
9449707
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2007 Dec 18;39(6):570-5
18087543
Science. 1988 Nov 11;242(4880):941-4
3263703
Basic Res Cardiol. 2007 Jul;102(4):279-97
17530315
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1994 Feb;26(2):229-42
8006984
Perfusion. 2008 Jul;23(4):237-42
19181757
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999 Jun 30;874:69-82
10415522
Curr Drug Targets. 2008 Apr;9(4):325-44
18393826
J Biol Chem. 1995 May 5;270(18):10915-22
7738033
J Immunol. 1996 Nov 1;157(9):3967-73
8892629
J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 17;279(38):39513-9
15269222
Circulation. 2001 Sep 18;104(12):1424-9
11560860
EMBO J. 2000 Jun 1;19(11):2537-48
10835352
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2002 Oct;34(10):1309-16
12392991
Mol Cell Biochem. 1996 Jul-Aug;160-161:217-24
8901476
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1995 Oct;27(10):2091-9
8576926
Pflugers Arch. 2002 Nov;445(2):246-56
12457245
Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:423-74
11244043
Cardiovasc Res. 2008 Aug 1;79(3):360-76
18487233
J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 11;280(6):4553-67
15574430
J Clin Invest. 1995 Jun;95(6):2555-64
7769098
Shock. 2005 Dec;24(6):564-70
16317388
Am J Cardiol. 2005 Jun 6;95(11A):3C-8C; discussion 38C-40C
15925558
Cardiovasc Res. 2007 Oct 1;76(1):81-90
17612514
Basic Res Cardiol. 2004 Sep;99(5):328-37
15309410
Arthritis Res. 2002;4 Suppl 3:S233-42
12110143
J Clin Invest. 1995 Feb;95(2):677-85
7532189
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Oct 1;322(4):1214-22
15336969
Cardiovasc Res. 2007 Aug 1;75(3):536-45
17559824
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1998 Nov;30(11):2281-9
9925365
J Biol Chem. 2004 May 7;279(19):20221-33
14960579
Circulation. 1996 Nov 15;94(10):2626-32
8921810
Int J Exp Pathol. 2000 Feb;81(1):1-16
10718860
Circulation. 1998 Aug 25;98(8):794-9
9727550
Circulation. 2004 Apr 20;109(15):1892-7
15051641
Curr Opin Immunol. 2000 Feb;12(1):59-63
10679398
Genes Dev. 1999 Nov 15;13(22):2905-27
10579998
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jan 18;97(2):793-8
10639159
Am J Physiol. 1998 Jan;274(1):H249-58
9458874
Int J Hematol. 2001 Jul;74(1):3-8
11530802
Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27:519-50
19302047
J Biol Chem. 1997 Feb 21;272(8):4836-42
9030540
Circ Res. 1994 Aug;75(2):285-95
7518362