title: Functional selection and systematic analysis of intronic splicing elements identify active sequence motifs and associated splicing factors.
abstract: Despite the critical role of pre-mRNA splicing in generating proteomic diversity and regulating gene expression, the sequence composition and function of intronic splicing regulatory elements (ISREs) have not been well elucidated. Here, we employed a high-throughput in vivo Screening PLatform for Intronic Control Elements (SPLICE) to identify 125 unique ISRE sequences from a random nucleotide library in human cells. Bioinformatic analyses reveal consensus motifs that resemble splicing regulatory elements and binding sites for characterized splicing factors and that are enriched in the introns of naturally occurring spliced genes, supporting their biological relevance. In vivo characterization, including an RNAi silencing study, demonstrate that ISRE sequences can exhibit combinatorial regulatory activity and that multiple trans-acting factors are involved in the regulatory effect of a single ISRE. Our work provides an initial examination into the sequence characteristics and function of ISREs, providing an important contribution to the splicing code.
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Culler
authors.forename: Kevin G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: Rodger B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Voelker
authors.forename: J Andrew
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: Christina D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Smolke
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D038621:Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid
chemical_list: D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D038621:Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid
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