title: Liposomal formulation of retinoids designed for enzyme triggered release.
abstract: The design of retinoid phospholipid prodrugs is described based on molecular dynamics simulations and cytotoxicity studies of synthetic retinoid esters. The prodrugs are degradable by secretory phospholipase A(2) IIA and have potential in liposomal drug delivery targeting tumors. We have synthesized four different retinoid phospholipid prodrugs and shown that they form particles in the liposome size region with average diameters of 94-118 nm. Upon subjection to phospholipase A(2), the lipid prodrugs were hydrolyzed, releasing cytotoxic retinoids and lysolipids. The formulated lipid prodrugs displayed IC(50) values in the range of 3-19 microM toward HT-29 and Colo205 colon cancer cells in the presence of phospholipase A(2), while no significant cell death was observed in the absence of the enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201 and 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Palle J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Sidsel K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Adolph
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arouri
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: Ole G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Mouritsen
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Mogens W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Günther H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Mads H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Clausen
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003603:Cytotoxins; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010316:Particle Size; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000378:metabolism*; D012176:Retinoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D008081:Liposomes; D010743:Phospholipids; D011355:Prodrugs; D012176:Retinoids; D054467:Phospholipases A2