title: The effects of meloxicam on neural tube development in the early stage of chick embryos.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of meloxicam in early stage chick embryos on neural tube development.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken eggs were used to investigate the neurulation. SPF eggs were invastigated in four groups (n:25). All of the groups were incubated at 37.2 +/- 0.1 degrees C and 60 +/- 5 % relative humidity for 30 hours, and an embryological development in the ninth stage as classified by Hamburger and Hamilton was obtained. In the end of the 30th hour, group A(control group) was administered 0.1 ml of saline (0.9% NaCl) in ovo and the other groups were administered meloxicam in increasing doses. At the end of 72 hours, all of the embryos were extracted from eggs and they underwent pathological examination with hematoxylin eosine and immunohistopathological examinations with CD138 and tubulin beta II.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While the groups Aand B showed no neural tube defects, totally eight defective embryos were detected in the groups C and D (three in group C and five in group D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested that meloxicam, a nonselective COX inhibitor, caused neural tube closure defects when injected at supratherapeutic doses. However, further studies with larger numbers of subjects are needed for its use in lower doses.
authors.affiliation: Kasimpasa Military Hospital, Neurosurgery Department, Beyoglu, Istanbul, Turkey. acetinkal@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cetinkal
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colak
authors.forename: Kıvanç
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Topuz
authors.forename: Mehmet Nusret
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Demircan
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Simsek
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Berber
authors.forename: Ahmet Sukru
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Umur
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Selcuki
authors.forename: H Seda
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Vatansever
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D000077239:Meloxicam; D054259:Neural Tube / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D053668:Syndecan-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D013843:Thiazines / Q000633:toxicity*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D053668:Syndecan-1; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D014404:Tubulin; D000077239:Meloxicam