title: Description of the iliolumbar ligament for computer-assisted reconstruction.
abstract: METHODS
  The iliolumbar ligament (IL) was examined using morphometric and virtual methods.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A macroscopic study was performed to measure the anterior (AIL) and the posterior part of the IL (PIL).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Though being a widely accepted cause of low back pain and lumbosacral instability, the IL is neglected in computer-based biomechanical studies due to the lack of morphometric information.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frozen sections prepared from 29 human subjects were measured and 7-tesla MR images made to distinguish the AIL and PIL. Cuboids were designated as geometric figures to both parts of the ligament, allowing computer-based calculations of length, surface, volume and angle of positional relationships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on 7-tesla MR imaging, virtual reconstruction was conducted for one male pelvis, including the IL. While left- and right-side parameters varied at a statistically significant level, no gender-dependencies could be determined. Lengths of 30 and 25 mm were measured for the AIL and PIL, as well as heights of 17-19 mm, respectively, and a thickness of 4mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Correlations between the side-dependent parameters and the AIL and the PIL of the same side indicate close functional relationships. Additional dependencies suggest that the IL is capable of compensating age-related as well as bone-attributed alterations in lumbosacral morphology. The IL data and the visualised ligament structures contribute to determination of the influence of the IL in spinal and sacroiliac stability by means of computer-assisted biomechanics.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steinke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Böhme
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Josten
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spanel-Borowski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012446:Sacroiliac Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013131:Spine / Q000033:anatomy & histology