title: Characterization of Kluyveromyces marxianus as a potential feed additive for ruminants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to find suitable yeast isolates as potential microbial feed additives for ruminants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Yeast isolates from traditional fermented food (tapai) and home-made wine were selected based on their tolerance to volatile fatty acids (VFA) mixture of acetic, propionic and butyric acids and to pH and temperature according to the rumen condition. The ability to grow in and produce ethanol was determined in yeast extract peptone glucose broth supplemented with a VFA mixture (VFA-YEPG medium). Fifty-five isolates showed OD(660 nm) values between 0.35-0.6, and 27 isolates showed ethanol production in the range of 0.17-0.30% (v/v). All selected isolates were identified as Kluyveromyces marxianus base on biochemical tests (BioLog kit; Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA) and molecular techniques. The best isolate in terms of ethanol production (K. marxianus WJ1) significantly (P < 0.01) improved in vitro apparent dry matter (DM) digestibility of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and timothy (Phleum pretense) hay by rumen microbes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Yeast isolates from tapai and wine were able to grow in VFA-YEPG medium, and K. marxianus WJ1 improved in vitro DM digestibility of plant substrates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicated the possibility of using K. marxianus as a microbial feed additive.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Nooraee
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Alimon
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdullah
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D004063:Digestion; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D005503:Food Additives / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007716:Kluyveromyces / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D012418:Ruminants / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives; D000431:Ethanol; D005947:Glucose