title: Temporarily pulmonary hilum clamping as a thoracic damage-control procedure for lung trauma in swine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temporarily pulmonary hilum clamping is available for the trauma surgeon to deal with serious pulmonary injuries, but the physiologic influence needs further evaluation. This study was to establish a temporary pulmonary hilum clamping model for thoracic damage-control surgery and determine the safety time latitude of this manipulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  After anesthetized and catheter instrumented, the left pulmonary hilus of pigs were clamped with a urethral catheter after thoracotomy maintained for three different time period, 90 minutes (C90), 120 minutes (C120), and 150 minutes (C150), and then unclamped. Hemodynamic data were recorded and serum samples were collected for d-dimer detection and other hematology analysis, as well as 1 cm3 pulmonary tissue was obtained for histologic study before clamping, at the end of clamping, and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 4 hours after unclamping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 100% of C90, 83.3% of C120, and 33.3% of C150 pigs survived. Animals of C150 group suffered highest blood pressure and heart rate, respiratory index, pulmonary dynamic compliance, and cardiac output. Pulmonary vascular resistance, platelet count, and D-dimer showed minor significant changes between C90 and C120 groups, whereas a marked changes in C150 animals during the study. There were much more serious histologic changes in C150 group compared with C90 and C120 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We established a pulmonary hilum clamping animal model for pulmonary damage investigation. It was determined that 120 minutes was the longest safety time for hilum clamping without lethal pulmonary injury in porcine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical Medicine School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhongqiu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Junwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Haiwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jing
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D003250:Constriction; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000502:physiology; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010976:Platelet Count; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D