title: Ethanol upregulates glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper expression and modulates cellular inflammatory responses in lung epithelial cells.
abstract: Alcohol abuse is associated with immunosuppressive and infectious sequelae. Particularly, alcoholics are more susceptible to pulmonary infections. In this report, gene transcriptional profiles of primary human airway epithelial cells exposed to varying doses of alcohol (0, 50, and 100 mM) were obtained. Comparison of gene transcription levels in 0 mM alcohol treatments with those in 50 mM alcohol treatments resulted in 2 genes being upregulated and 16 genes downregulated by at least 2-fold. Moreover, 0 mM and 100 mM alcohol exposure led to the upregulation of 14 genes and downregulation of 157 genes. Among the upregulated genes, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) responded to alcohol in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, GILZ protein levels also correlated with this transcriptional pattern. Lentiviral expression of GILZ small interfering RNA in human airway epithelial cells diminished the alcohol-induced upregulation, confirming that GILZ is indeed an alcohol-responsive gene. Gene silencing of GILZ in A549 cells resulted in secretion of significantly higher amounts of inflammatory cytokines in response to IL-1beta stimulation. The GILZ-silenced cells were more resistant to alcohol-mediated suppression of cytokine secretion. Further data demonstrated that the glucocorticoid receptor is involved in the regulation of GILZ by alcohol. Because GILZ is a key glucocorticoid-responsive factor mediating the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions of steroids, we propose that similar signaling pathways may play a role in the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of alcohol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Marla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Sammeta V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Painter
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonvillain
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Doan H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bagby
authors.forename: Jay K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kolls
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Guoshun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C404226:TSC22D3 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000431:Ethanol
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