title: A comprehensive review of spontaneous pneumothorax complicating sarcoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spontaneous pneumothorax (SPTX) is an uncommon phenomenon in the general population and is most commonly associated with prior bulbous emphysema, cystic parenchymal lung disease, and tuberculous lung disease. A rare cause of SPTX is malignant disease, either in the form of primary lung or pleural cancers, or in metastatic disease to the lungs. The purpose of this investigation was to compile patient characteristics, treatments received, and outcomes of patients with SPTX complicating sarcomatous cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case reports and series published in the medical literature were identified through a MEDLINE search and compiled to determine similarities among patient characteristics, treatments received, and outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred fifty-three cases representing 20 different sarcoma cell types were included; 126 (82.3%) had received some form of treatment prior to the development of pneumothorax, and 70 (45.7%) experienced recurrence of pneumothorax at an average of 61 (+/- 112) days. Patients had poor survival, with only seven of 81 subjects remaining alive 2 years after the initial diagnosis of SPTX.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPTX complicating sarcoma is associated with most cell types and is associated with increased mortality compared with patients without this complication.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, NCB 12th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA. JHoag@DrexelMed.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hoag
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: Quadeer
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fasihuddin
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lund
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy