title: Role of serotonergic mechanism in gastric contractions induced by Indian Red Scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) venom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastric dysfunctions are commonly seen after scorpion envenomation, and the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus, MBT) venom on gastric fundus muscle contraction and the underlying mechanisms involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro isometric contraction was recorded from gastric fundus muscle strips on a chart recorder. The tissue was exposed to different concentrations of serotonin or crude MBT venom. The contractile responses to venom were expressed as the percentage of maximum contraction produced by serotonin at the beginning of each experiment. The contractile responses to 1.0 mug/ml of crude MBT venom were ascertained in the absence or presence of serotonin antagonist, methysergide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serotonin produced concentration-dependent fundus contractions (0.004-4.0 muM), and maximum contractile response was observed at 4.0 muM of serotonin. Hence, the contractile response obtained at 4.0 muM of serotonin was taken for normalization. The crude MBT venom (0.1-1.0 mug/ml) produced a concentration-dependent increase in fundus contractions (as % of maximum fundus contraction produced by serotonin at 4.0 muM). The maximum response was observed at 1.0 mug/ml of crude venom and a further increase in the concentration, up to 3.0 mug/ml, did not increase the response. In a separate series of experiments, pre-treatment with methysergide (1.0 muM) significantly attenuated the contractile response elicited by the venom (1.0 mug/ml) (P<0.05) and blocked the serotonin (4.0 muM) response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the crude MBT venom produces gastric fundus contractions by partially involving serotonin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Deshpande
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