title: The anatomic basis of total mesorectal excision.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Total mesorectal excision is considered the gold standard for rectal cancer surgery, but the anatomic descriptions and nomenclatures that are used are hardly clear and sometimes are contradictory. The aim of this study was to clarify the delimitation of the mesorectum and anatomic landmarks of the correct surgical plane for total mesorectal excision.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cadaveric dissections were performed on 32 pelvises.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pelvic fasciae around the rectum can be divided into visceral fascia, vesicohypogastric fascia, and parietal fascia. The lateral ligament is the dense connective tissue between the rectum and visceral fascia instead of the pelvic sidewall. There are 2 different fascial envelopes around the rectum. The diffusion type of pelvic plexus is difficult to separate from the visceral fascia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The autonomic nerves and lateral rectal ligament can be distinguished as the landmark to judge the different planes. The correct surgical plane of posterior dissection is conducted between the visceral fascia and parietal fascia, and anterolateral dissection is conducted between the vesicohypogastric fascia and parietal fascia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, RuiJin Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai, Jiao Tong University, China. yindalu@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Moubin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Weiguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jindi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Wenlong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D017776:Autonomic Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002102:Cadaver; D017885:Collateral Ligaments / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004210:Dissection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery / Q000601:surgery*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D012007:Rectum / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery