title: Gold nanoparticles for biology and medicine.
abstract: Gold colloids have fascinated scientists for over a century and are now heavily utilized in chemistry, biology, engineering, and medicine. Today these materials can be synthesized reproducibly, modified with seemingly limitless chemical functional groups, and, in certain cases, characterized with atomic-level precision. This Review highlights recent advances in the synthesis, bioconjugation, and cellular uses of gold nanoconjugates. There are now many examples of highly sensitive and selective assays based upon gold nanoconjugates. In recent years, focus has turned to therapeutic possibilities for such materials. Structures which behave as gene-regulating agents, drug carriers, imaging agents, and photoresponsive therapeutics have been developed and studied in the context of cells and many debilitating diseases. These structures are not simply chosen as alternatives to molecule-based systems, but rather for their new physical and chemical properties, which confer substantive advantages in cellular and medical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Giljohann
authors.forename: Dwight S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Seferos
authors.forename: Weston L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Massich
authors.forename: Pinal C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Chad A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mirkin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D004337:Drug Carriers; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D006046:Gold
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