title: Evolution of an expanded sex-determining locus in Volvox.
abstract: Although dimorphic sexes have evolved repeatedly in multicellular eukaryotes, their origins are unknown. The mating locus (MT) of the sexually dimorphic multicellular green alga Volvox carteri specifies the production of eggs and sperm and has undergone a remarkable expansion and divergence relative to MT from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which is a closely related unicellular species that has equal-sized gametes. Transcriptome analysis revealed a rewired gametic expression program for Volvox MT genes relative to Chlamydomonas and identified multiple gender-specific and sex-regulated transcripts. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor homolog MAT3 is a Volvox MT gene that displays sexually regulated alternative splicing and evidence of gender-specific selection, both of which are indicative of cooption into the sexual cycle. Thus, sex-determining loci affect the evolution of both sex-related and non-sex-related genes.
authors.affiliation: The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: Bradley J S C
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: De Hoff
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Douglass
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casero
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prochnik
authors.forename: Sa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Rhitu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grimwood
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmutz
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nishii
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamaji
authors.forename: Hisayoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Umen
mesh_terms: D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D002455:Cell Division; D002696:Chlamydomonas / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005796:Genes; D016161:Genes, Retinoblastoma; D056426:Genetic Loci; D007438:Introns; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012098:Reproduction; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D044446:Volvox / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020418:Algal Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; C432865:mat3 protein, Chlamydomonas
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