title: Myocardial gene expression alterations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess cardiac gene expression in peripheral blood cells of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) and its relationship to echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A complete echocardiographic study and blood sampling were performed in 65 consecutive stable IDCM patients with LV ejection fraction (LVEF) 31.76 +/- 10.07% and chronic mild to moderate heart failure (NYHA functional class II to III) for > or =9 months. Blood samples from 19 healthy individuals were included for comparison. Transcript levels of myocardin, GATA4, alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chain (MHC), sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2), and phospholamban were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Myocardin (24.88 +/- 4.93 vs. 3.98 +/- 1.12, P = 0.0048) and GATA4 (17.85 +/- 4.85 vs. 0.45 +/- 0.15, P = 0.0069 x 10(-5)) were upregulated in IDCM patients compared with controls, whereas SERCA2 (5.11 +/- 0.42 vs. 8.93 +/- 1.07, P = 0.001) was downregulated. In IDCM patients, myocardin (r = 0.279, P = 0.025), GATA4 (r = 0.314, P = 0.011), beta-MHC (r = 0.444, P=0.0002), and alpha-MHC (r = 0.272, P = 0.034) showed positive correlations, whereas SERCA2 (r = -0.264, P = 0.034) exhibited a negative correlation with LVEF. Patients with elevated LV filling pressures had lower myocardin (15.06 +/- 3.10 vs. 43.12 +/- 12.03, P = 0.048), GATA4 (8.96 +/- 2.17 vs. 34.38 +/- 12.60, P = 0.026), beta-MHC (10.59 +/- 4.05 vs. 16.43 +/- 4.91, P = 0.013), and alpha-MHC (0.27 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.79 +/- 0.20, P = 0.033) and higher SERCA2 (5.65 +/- 0.54 vs. 3.90 +/- 0.61, P = 0.037) levels. Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) had higher SERCA2 levels compared with sinus rhythm patients (6.75 +/- 0.84 vs. 4.54 +/- 0.45, P = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that cardiac gene expression alterations in peripheral blood cells of IDCM patients may reflect alterations in LV function, whereas the presence of AF may be associated with increased SERCA2 levels in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece. kontarak@med.uoc.gr
authors.forename: Joanna E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kontaraki
authors.forename: Fragiskos I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Parthenakis
authors.forename: Eva G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Nyktari
authors.forename: Alexandros P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Patrianakos
authors.forename: Panos E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Vardas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics*