title: BELFAST centenarians: a case of optimised cardiovascular risk?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Centenarians are reservoirs of genetic and environmental information to successful ageing and local centenarian groups may help us to understand some of these secrets. The current centenarian cohort in Belfast survived the 1970s epidemic of death from coronary heart disease in Northern Ireland, where cardiovascular mortality was almost highest in the world. These centenarians provided an opportunity to assess biological and genetic factors important in cardiovascular risk and ageing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five (27 female, 8 male) centenarians, participants of the Belfast Elderly Longitudinal Free-living Ageing STudy (BELFAST), were community-living and of good cognition at enrollment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Centenarians showed median Body Mass Index (BMI) at 25.7, systolic blood pressure 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 90 mmHg respectively, and fasting glucose of 5.54 mmol/l with no sex-related difference. Lipoproteins showed median cholesterol 5.3, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) 1.10 and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) 3.47 micromol/l respectively. Centenarian smokers showed no different blood pressure or lipid measurements compared with non-smokers. Malondialdehyde, a measure of lipid peroxidation, was low at 1.19, and measures of antioxidant status showed variable results. Male centenarians did not carry any of the vascular risk genotypes studied-Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) and Methylenetetrafolatedehydrogenase reductase (MTFHR), though this was not true for female centenarians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This small local study shows, apart from age, that Belfast centenarians carry a reasonably optimized risk profile with respect to cardiovascular disease. There is also some evidence suggesting that vascular risk factors and genotypes may be tolerated differently between the male and female centenarians. Maintaining an optimized cardiovascular risk profile seems likely to improve the chance of becoming a centenarian, especially for males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast and Belfast City Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bennati
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cambien
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: G P R
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Archbold
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Rea
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002423:Cause of Death; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008136:Longevity; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009660:Northern Ireland; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A