title: Shear stress and plaque development.
abstract: Although traditional cardiovascular risk factors 'prime the soil' for atherogenesis systemically, atherosclerosis primarily occurs in a site-specific manner with a predilection towards the inner wall of curvatures and outer wall of bifurcations with sparing of flow-dividers. Wall shear stress is a frictional force exerted parallel to the vessel wall that leads to alteration of the endothelial phenotype, endothelial cell signaling, gene and protein expression leading to a proinflammatory phenotype, reduced nitric oxide availability and disruption of the extracellular matrix, which in turn leads to plaque development. Clinical and experimental data are emerging that suggest the pathobiology associated with abnormal wall shear stress results in atherosclerotic plaque development and progression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Saurabh S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dhawan
authors.forename: Ravi P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Avati Nanjundappa
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Branch
authors.forename: W Robert
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Arshed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Quyyumi
authors.forename: Hanjoong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suo
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giddens
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Samady
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide
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