title: Treatment of ureteral complications after kidney transplantation with native ureteropyelostomy reduces the risk of pyelonephritis.
abstract: Urological complications contribute to morbidity and graft loss after kidney transplantation. Aim of this study was to assess the role of revisional surgery on patient outcome. From 1997 to 2007, 887 patients underwent kidney transplantation in our institution. Clinical data of patients with urological complications were analyzed. Ureteral complications were observed in 50 of 887 (5.6%) recipients, including ureteral necrosis (0.9%), stenosis (3.6%) and ureteral reflux with recurrent graft pyelonephritis (1.1%). Thirty-five patients underwent native ureteropyelostomy, and 14 patients had redo-ureterocystostomy. All patients treated for recurrent graft pyelonephritis had no further episodes. Overall, the rate of ureteral stenosis was significantly higher after secondary surgery, compared to the primary anastomosis (10% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.039). A significantly lower incidence of graft pyelonephritis was observed in patients after native ureteropyelostomy compared to patients treated with redo-ureterocystostomy (p = 0.019). In conclusion, reflux and recurrent graft pyelonephritis can be treated effectively by secondary surgery. The use of native ureteropyelostomy may offer protection from graft pyelonephritis after secondary surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zürich Clinic for Nephrology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kuno
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Markus K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schiesser
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wildi
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fehr
authors.forename: Rudolf P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Wüthrich
authors.forename: Pierre-Alain
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Clavien
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014519:Ureterostomy; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology*