Removal of movement artifact from high-density EEG recorded during walking and running.
Although human cognition often occurs during dynamic motor actions, most studies of human brain dynamics examine subjects in static seated or prone conditions. EEG signals have historically been considered to be too noise prone to allow recording of brain dynamics during human locomotion. Here we applied a channel-based artifact template regression procedure and a subsequent spatial filtering approach to remove gait-related movement artifact from EEG signals recorded during walking and running. We first used stride time warping to remove gait artifact from high-density EEG recorded during a visual oddball discrimination task performed while walking and running. Next, we applied infomax independent component analysis (ICA) to parse the channel-based noise reduced EEG signals into maximally independent components (ICs) and then performed component-based template regression. Applying channel-based or channel-based plus component-based artifact rejection significantly reduced EEG spectral power in the 1.5- to 8.5-Hz frequency range during walking and running. In walking conditions, gait-related artifact was insubstantial: event-related potentials (ERPs), which were nearly identical to visual oddball discrimination events while standing, were visible before and after applying noise reduction. In the running condition, gait-related artifact severely compromised the EEG signals: stable average ERP time-courses of IC processes were only detectable after artifact removal. These findings show that high-density EEG can be used to study brain dynamics during whole body movements and that mechanical artifact from rhythmic gait events may be minimized using a template regression procedure.
Gwin
Joseph T
JT
Human Neuromechanics Laboratory, School of Kinesiology; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. jgwin@umich.edu
Gramann
Klaus
K
Makeig
Scott
S
Ferris
Daniel P
DP
D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
Mov Disord. 2008 Feb 15;23(3):329-42; quiz 472
18058946
Neural Comput. 1995 Nov;7(6):1129-59
7584893
Neuroimage. 2001 Nov;14(5):1186-92
11697950
Gait Posture. 2006 Aug;24(1):120-5
16182530
Int J Psychophysiol. 2009 Aug;73(2):95-100
19414039
Neural Comput. 1999 Feb 15;11(2):417-41
9950738
Gait Posture. 2007 Jun;26(1):128-34
16982195
Hum Mov Sci. 2004 Apr;22(6):597-610
15063043
Neuroimage. 2007 Jan 15;34(2):587-97
17112746
Gait Posture. 2009 Jan;29(1):59-64
18755590
Neuroimage. 2005 Nov 15;28(3):720-37
16150610
Psychophysiology. 2000 Mar;37(2):163-78
10731767
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 6;102(49):17798-803
16314575
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1995 Jan;78(1):349-58
7713836
Neuroscientist. 2006 Oct;12(5):379-89
16957000
Hum Brain Mapp. 2001 Nov;14(3):166-85
11559961
Clin Neurophysiol. 2003 Mar;114(3):569-80
12705438
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 May;80(5):1448-57
8727526
PLoS Biol. 2004 Jun;2(6):e176
15208723
J Cogn Neurosci. 2010 Dec;22(12):2836-49
19925183
Neuroimage. 2000 Aug;12(2):230-9
10913328
Med Biol Eng Comput. 1990 Jul;28(4):355-60
2246935
Magn Reson Imaging. 2004 Dec;22(10):1445-55
15707794
Clin Neurophysiol. 2008 Dec;119(12):2675-6
18835740
Clin Neurophysiol. 2000 Oct;111(10):1745-58
11018488
Neural Comput. 2000 Feb;12(2):337-65
10636946
Neuroimage. 2007 Feb 15;34(4):1443-9
17188898
Prog Brain Res. 2008;171:353-62
18718326
J Neurosci. 2005 Dec 14;25(50):11730-7
16354931
J Neurosci Methods. 2004 Mar 15;134(1):9-21
15102499