title: Antifreeze protein suppresses spontaneous neural activity and protects neurons from hypothermia/re-warming injury.
abstract: Antifreeze proteins (AFP) are associated with protection from freezing. We measured the effect of type I antifreeze protein on spontaneous bursting of mixed neuronal/glial cultures using a multi-electrode array culture system. Antifreeze protein (10mg/ml) reversibly depressed bursting activity without inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative capacity. The effect of antifreeze protein on cold/re-warming injury was investigated in rat hippocampal slice cultures. Compared to bovine serum albumin at a similar concentration, antifreeze protein protected hippocampal neurons from 8h of profound hypothermia at (4 degrees C) followed by re-warming. The protection observed is believed to be associated with the inhibitory effect of antifreeze protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0542, USA. rubinskyl@anesthesia.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Liel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rubinsky
authors.forename: Nadav
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raichman
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lavee
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frenk
authors.forename: Eshel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ben-Jacob
authors.forename: Philip E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Bickler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021322:Antifreeze Proteins, Type I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D005432:Flounder / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017694:Rewarming / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts
chemical_list: D021322:Antifreeze Proteins, Type I; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C059087:2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide