title: Bone mineral density and nutritional profile in morbidly obese women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Morbid obesity may be associated with malnutrition. Because it is important to assess the preoperative nutritional/metabolic status and bone mineral density of these patients, this study was designed aiming to evaluate bone metabolism/mineral density and nutritional profile in morbidly obese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three morbidly obese women in preoperative care for obesity surgery were enrolled. Blood samples were drawn to determine nutritional and metabolic status, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed to evaluate bone mineral density; 24-h recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven (81.8%) women were premenopausal and six (18.2%) were postmenopausal. The mean body mass index was 43.2 ± 4.8 kg/m(2), and 91% were Caucasian. Insulin-resistant subjects comprised 81.8% of the sample. The median (25-75 percentile) of the total intake of 24-h recall was 3,081 (2,718-3,737) and for FFQ 2,685 (2,284-4,400) calories. FFQ underestimated total energy value intake. The median of calcium was higher when evaluated by the FFQ as compared with the 24-h recall. Protein and lipid intakes were lower if evaluated by the FFQ as compared to the 24-h recall. Vitamin D levels were low in 18 (81.8%) patients. In one premenopausal woman, bone mineral density was low in the lumbar spine (L1-L4), and in one postmenopausal woman it was low in L1-L4, femoral neck and 1/3 proximal radius.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the nutritional status of morbidly obese women was good, except for markers of bone metabolism, with no detectable differences between pre- and postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Endocrinologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, prédio 12, 4º andar, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Schaan
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Casagrande
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Repetto
authors.forename: Claudio Corá
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Mottin
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rizzolli
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moretto
authors.forename: Alexandre Vontobel
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Padoin
authors.forename: Beatriz D'Agord
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Schaan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone
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