title: Probing cellular traction forces by micropillar arrays: contribution of substrate warping to pillar deflection.
abstract: Quantifying cellular forces relies on accurate calibrations of the sensor stiffness. Neglecting deformations of elastic substrates to which elastic pillars are anchored systematically overestimates the applied forces (up to 40%). A correction factor considering substrate warping is derived analytically and verified experimentally. The factor scales with the dimensionless pillar aspect ratio. This has significant implications when designing pillar arrays or comparing absolute forces measured on different pillar geometries during cell spreading, motility, or rigidity sensing.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ingmar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schoen
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klotzsch
authors.forename: Viola
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vogel
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014159:Transducers
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