title: Comprehensive analysis and characterization of the TCR alpha chain sequences in the common marmoset.
abstract: The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is useful as a nonhuman primate model of human diseases. Although the marmoset model has great potential for studying autoimmune diseases and immune responses against pathogens, little information is available regarding the genes involved in adaptive immunity. Here, we identified one TCR alpha constant (TRAC), 46 TRAJ (joining), and 35 TRAV (variable) segments from marmoset cDNA. Marmoset TRAC, TRAJ, and TRAV shared 80%, 68-100%, and 79-98% identity with their human counterparts at the amino acid level, respectively. The amino acid sequences were less conserved in TRAC than in TCRbeta chain constant (TRBC). Comparative analysis of TRAV between marmosets and humans showed that the rates of synonymous substitutions per site (d(S)) were not significantly different between the framework regions (FRs) and complementarity determining regions (CDRs), whereas the rates of nonsynonymous substitutions per site (d(N)) were significantly lower in the FRs than in CDRs. Interestingly, the d(N) values of the CDRs were greater for TRBV than TRAV. These results suggested that after the divergence of Catarrhini from Platyrrhini, amino acid substitutions were decreased in the FRs by purifying selection and occurred more frequently in CDRbeta than in CDRalpha by positive selection, probably depending on structural and functional constraints. This study provides not only useful information facilitating the investigation of adaptive immunity using the marmoset model but also new insight into the molecular evolution of the TCR heterodimer in primate species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 18-1 Sakuradai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 228-0815, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Takaji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsutani
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitaura
authors.forename: Satsuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tsunetoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takasaki
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kurane
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002144:Callithrix / Q000276:immunology*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jul 22;94(15):7799-806
references.pmid: 9223266
references.citation: J Immunol. 2003 Apr 15;170(8):4161-9
references.pmid: 12682248
references.citation: Immunogenetics. 2000 Nov;52(1-2):35-45
references.pmid: 11132155
references.citation: Tissue Antigens. 2007 Apr;69 Suppl 1:156-9
references.pmid: 17445193
references.citation: Immunogenetics. 1995;41(2-3):59-68
references.pmid: 7806297
references.citation: Neurosci Res. 2009 Dec;65(4):384-92
references.pmid: 19737583
references.citation: Immunity. 1998 Apr;8(4):403-11
references.pmid: 9586631
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Nov 12;93(23):13429-34
references.pmid: 8917608
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008 Jan;195(4):509-16
references.pmid: 17879087
references.citation: Immunogenetics. 2007 Dec;59(12):899-902
references.pmid: 18046549
references.citation: Pediatr Res. 2003 Mar;53(3):403-10
references.pmid: 12595587
references.citation: Immunology. 1999 Mar;96(3):465-72
references.pmid: 10233729
references.citation: J Immunol. 2002 Sep 15;169(6):2964-70
references.pmid: 12218110
references.citation: Nature. 1988 Aug 4;334(6181):395-402
references.pmid: 3043226
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Sep 29;95(20):11745-50
references.pmid: 9751736
references.citation: Nature. 1992 Jan 16;355(6357):224-30
references.pmid: 1309938
references.citation: Comp Med. 2003 Aug;53(4):383-92
references.pmid: 14524414
references.citation: Clin Exp Immunol. 2007 Oct;150(1):13-21
references.pmid: 17614973
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 1989 Nov;6(6):559-79
references.pmid: 2484936
references.citation: Genetics. 2004 Apr;166(4):1897-907
references.pmid: 15126407
references.citation: J Immunol Methods. 1997 Feb 28;201(2):145-55
references.pmid: 9050936
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Dec 23;94(26):14536-41
references.pmid: 9405648
references.citation: Hum Immunol. 1997 Aug-Sep;56(1-2):57-69
references.pmid: 9455494
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2005 Nov;6(11):1114-22
references.pmid: 16186824
references.citation: J Mol Med (Berl). 1997 Mar;75(3):187-97
references.pmid: 9106075
references.citation: Immunity. 2005 Jan;22(1):81-92
references.pmid: 15664161
references.citation: J Virol. 2008 Sep;82(18):9035-42
references.pmid: 18614636
references.citation: Comp Med. 2003 Aug;53(4):339-50
references.pmid: 14524409
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 1987 Jul;4(4):406-25
references.pmid: 3447015
references.citation: Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1913-21
references.pmid: 10583947
references.citation: Transplantation. 2003 Feb 15;75(3):398-407
references.pmid: 12589165
references.citation: Immunogenetics. 1998 Sep;48(4):253-9
references.pmid: 9716644
references.citation: J Immunol Methods. 1993 May 5;161(1):7-21
references.pmid: 8486930
references.citation: Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1166-72
references.pmid: 9469799
references.citation: EMBO J. 2000 Nov 1;19(21):5611-24
references.pmid: 11060013
references.citation: Cell. 2001 Jan 12;104(1):1-4
references.pmid: 11163234
references.citation: Immunology. 1990 Apr;69(4):616-21
references.pmid: 2110549
references.citation: Thromb Haemost. 2003 Aug;90(2):279-92
references.pmid: 12888876
references.citation: Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Mar 1;339(1):85-91
references.pmid: 9056237
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1994 Sep;94(3):1339-45
references.pmid: 7521889
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2007 Aug;24(8):1596-9
references.pmid: 17488738
references.citation: J Immunol. 1997 Feb 1;158(3):1201-7
references.pmid: 9013960
references.citation: J Virol. 2004 Feb;78(4):2062-71
references.pmid: 14747571
references.citation: Toxicol Pathol. 2003 Jan-Feb;31 Suppl:123-7
references.pmid: 12597440
references.citation: Dev Comp Immunol. 2005;29(11):917-38
references.pmid: 15936075
references.citation: Jpn J Infect Dis. 2008 Jan;61(1):40-8
references.pmid: 18219133
references.citation: Br J Haematol. 2000 Jun;109(4):759-69
references.pmid: 10929026
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80
references.pmid: 7984417
references.citation: Immunogenetics. 1995;42(6):455-500
references.pmid: 8550092
references.citation: Arch Toxicol. 1994;68(10):619-31
references.pmid: 7857201
references.citation: Immunogenetics. 1994;40(3):184-91
references.pmid: 8039826