title: High-flow oxygen therapy in acute respiratory failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the comfort of oxygen therapy via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) versus via conventional face mask in patients with acute respiratory failure. Acute respiratory failure was defined as blood oxygen saturation < 96% while receiving a fraction of inspired oxygen > or = 0.50 via face mask.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oxygen was first humidified with a bubble humidifier and delivered via face mask for 30 min, and then via HFNC with heated humidifier for another 30 min. At the end of each 30-min period we asked the patient to evaluate dyspnea, mouth dryness, and overall comfort, on a visual analog scale of 0 (lowest) to 10 (highest). The results are expressed as median and interquartile range values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 20 patients, with a median age of 57 (40-70) years. The total gas flow administered was higher with the HFNC than with the face mask (30 [21.3-38.7] L/min vs 15 [12-20] L/min, P < .001). The HFNC was associated with less dyspnea (3.8 [1.3-5.8] vs 6.8 [4.1-7.9], P = .001) and mouth dryness (5 [2.3-7] vs 9.5 [8-10], P < .001), and was more comfortable (9 [8-10]) versus 5 [2.3-6.8], P < .001). HFNC was associated with higher P(aO(2)) (127 [83-191] mm Hg vs 77 [64-88] mm Hg, P = .002) and lower respiratory rate (21 [18-27] breaths/min vs 28 [25-32] breaths/min, P < .001), but no difference in P(aCO(2)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HFNC was better tolerated and more comfortable than face mask. HFNC was associated with better oxygenation and lower respiratory rate. HFNC could have an important role in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory failure.
authors.affiliation: Servei de Medicina Intensiva (Area General), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain. oroca@ir.vhebron.net
authors.forename: Oriol
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Roca
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riera
authors.forename: Ferran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Joan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Masclans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization; D003422:Critical Care; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008397:Masks; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D057240:Patient Preference; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control