title: Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus).
abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitous contaminants of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and are known to induce biochemical alterations in exposed organisms. Aside from a variety of adverse physiological effects associated with exposure to petroleum products, oils, and oil sludges, little is known about the effects of individual PAH on birds. Acute toxicity of naphthalene, pyrene, and benz[a]anthracene (BAA) was examined in adult northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). Additionally, subacute (8 d) and subchronic (60 d) studies were conducted to assess alterations in metabolic enzyme activity. Neither naphthalene, nor pyrene, nor BAA exposure via oral gavage produced acute toxicity up to the limit dose of 2 g/kg body weight. In the subacute study, quail provided feed containing the highest concentration of BAA for 5 d had significantly increased renal ethoxyresorufin O-deeththylase (EROD) activity compared to controls. Following a 3-d recovery period, significant increases between 10 and 100 mg/kg of BAA in feed existed for both hepatic EROD and pentoxyresorufin O-deethylase (PROD) activity compared to controls. Subchronic exposure to BAA (ranging from 0.1 to 10 mg/kg) also resulted in a significant rise of EROD and PROD in both kidney and liver tissue compared to controls. Though the individual PAH used in this study were not acutely toxic, these results confirm that these individual PAH induce alterations in metabolic enzyme activity in northern bobwhite quail.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brausch
authors.forename: Brett R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.forename: Blake N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Beall
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caudillo
authors.forename: Venkata
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kolli
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godard-Codding
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.forename: Philip N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001551:Benz(a)Anthracenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D003088:Colinus / Q000378:metabolism*; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D001551:Benz(a)Anthracenes; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009281:Naphthalenes; D011721:Pyrenes; C031721:naphthalene; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C030984:pyrene; C030935:benz(a)anthracene; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1