A cross-sectional study of sarcopenia in Japanese men and women: reference values and association with cardiovascular risk factors.
In this study of Japanese men and women, we determine reference values for sarcopenia and test the hypothesis that sarcopenia is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, independent of waist circumference. A total of 1,488 Japanese men and women aged 18-85 years participated in this study. Appendicular muscle mass (AMM) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Reference values for classes 1 and 2 sarcopenia (skeletal muscle index: AMM/height2, kg m-2) in each sex were defined as values one and two standard deviations below the sex-specific means of reference values obtained in this study from young adults aged 18-40 years. The reference values for class 1 and class 2 sarcopenia were 7.77 and 6.87 kg m-2 in men and 6.12 and 5.46 kg m-2 in women. In subjects both with class 1 and class 2 sarcopenia, body mass index and % body fat were significantly lower than in normal subjects. Despite whole-blood glycohaemoglobin A1c in men with class 1 sarcopenia was significantly higher than in normal subjects, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in women both with class 1 and class 2 sarcopenia were significantly higher than in normal subjects, using one-way ANCOVA with adjustment for the covariate of waist circumference. Although sarcopenia is associated with thin body mass, it is associated with more glycation of serum proteins in men and with greater arterial stiffness in women, independent of waist circumference.
Sanada
K
K
College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan. ksanada@fc.ritsumei.ac.jp
Miyachi
M
M
Tanimoto
M
M
Yamamoto
K
K
Murakami
H
H
Okumura
S
S
Gando
Y
Y
Suzuki
K
K
Tabata
I
I
Higuchi
M
M
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050154:Adiposity / Q000208:ethnology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
D015415:Biomarkers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
JAMA. 2003 Jan 1;289(1):76-9
12503980
Obes Res. 2002 Sep;10(9):868-74
12226134
Obes Res. 2004 Jun;12(6):887-8
15229325
J Rheumatol. 1994 Dec;21(12):2200-5
7699619
J Nutr Health Aging. 2009 May;13(5):460-6
19390754
Am J Med Sci. 1999 Mar;317(3):193-207
10100694
J Hum Hypertens. 2005 May;19(5):401-6
15729378
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000 May;904:553-7
10865804
Hypertension. 1998 Aug;32(2):356-9
9719067
J Sports Sci. 2009 Aug;27(10):1027-34
19847686
Am J Physiol. 1997 Jan;272(1 Pt 1):E45-50
9038850
Obes Rev. 2002 Aug;3(3):183-90
12164470
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002 May;50(5):889-96
12028177
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Apr;63(4):465-72
18212802
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Mar;102(3):919-25
17095641
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000 Dec;55(12):M716-24
11129393
JAMA. 2002 Oct 9;288(14):1723-7
12365955
BMC Public Health. 2008 Aug 18;8:291
18710519
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992 Nov;16(11):881-90
1337343
Immun Ageing. 2005 May 18;2:8
15904534
Hypertension. 1995 Sep;26(3):485-90
7649586
Stroke. 2007 Sep;38(9):2422-9
17673711
N Engl J Med. 1999 Jul 22;341(4):248-57
10413738
Osteoporos Int. 2006 Jan;17(1):61-7
15995793
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995 Apr;43(4):338-43
7706620
J Hypertens. 2004 Dec;22(12):2339-47
15614028
J Endocrinol Invest. 2002 Nov;25(10):876-83
12508950
Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Apr 15;147(8):755-63
9554417
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003 Oct;95(4):1717-27
12970377
Q J Med. 1976 Apr;45(178):295-301
940920
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(5):377-81
7154893
Am J Cardiol. 1994 Mar 1;73(7):460-8
8141087
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2005;68:123-48
16124998
Clin Chem. 1972 Jun;18(6):499-502
4337382
Ann Rheum Dis. 1994 Nov;53(11):726-8
7826134
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1995 Nov;50 Spec No:64-7
7493221
Clin Chem. 1977 Jun;23(6):1058-61
870254
Horm Metab Res. 1997 Apr;29(4):155-8
9178022
J Ren Nutr. 2008 Nov;18(6):495-502
18940652
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Dec;14(12):2277-83
17189556
Am J Physiol. 1989 Jun;256(6 Pt 1):E829-34
2735405
Diabetes. 1988 Jun;37(6):667-87
3289989
J Hypertens Suppl. 1999 Dec;17(5):S41-4
10706325
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jun;282(6):E1191-6
12006347
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993 Apr;74(4):400-6
8466422
Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl. 1983;9:92-102
6585946
Eur Heart J. 2006 Nov;27(21):2588-605
17000623