title: Calcium glucarate inhibits DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis in the hamster: histomorphometric evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calcium glucarate (CGT) is a promising chemopreventive agent. This study evaluated the in vivo efficacy of CGT in preventing 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha) anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in the hamster. Matherials and Methods: Seventy-six Syrian hamsters were used, divided into four groups: group 1, untreated animals; 2, CGT controls; 3, DMBA-treated; 4, DMBA- and CGT-treated. Hamsters were painted three times weekly with 0.5% solution of DMBA and were fed a diet supplemented with CGT (64 mmol/kg, 2%). Animals were sacrificed at week 9 and 12 and pathology and histomorphometric analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At week 9, four dysplastic lesions and six carcinomas were identified in group 3 while only three dysplasias and five carcinomas were detected in group 4. At week 12, five animals of group 3 displayed a dysplasia, which was only detected in one animal of group 4. Squamous carcinomas were identified in all animals of both group 3 and 4. However, in group 3 four of the animals displayed multifocal lesions and carcinomas displayed histological features indicative of increased aggressiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained suggest that CGT can exert an inhibitory effect on oral carcinogenesis in tha hamster and that further studies are warranted to evaluate its potential use as a chemopreventive agent in humans.
authors.affiliation: DDS, School of Dentistry, Largo A. Gemelli, 8; 00168 Rome, Italy. carlo.lajolo@fastwebnet.it
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lajolo
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sgambato
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maiorano
authors.forename: Alberta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucchese
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Capodiferro
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Favia
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giuliani
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006224:Cricetinae; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005937:Glucaric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D005937:Glucaric Acid