title: Evaluation of faecal calprotectin as a valuable non-invasive marker in distinguishing gut pathogens in young children with acute gastroenteritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to evaluate faecal calprotectin (f-CP) in children ≤3 years of age with acute gastroenteritis (AG) as an early predictor of bacterial inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively analysed f-CP levels and diagnostic workup in 107 consecutive children (66 AG, 41 controls).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with bacterial AG (BAG) was found to have higher diarrheal frequency (p < 0.01), fever (p < 0.01), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p < 0.001), white blood count (p < 0.01) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.001) compared with viral AG (VAG). Vomiting was frequent in VAG (p < 0.001). f-CP negatively correlated with age in controls (r = -0.5998). BAG demonstrated significantly higher f-CP levels [median, 219 μg/g, interquartile range (IQR): 119-350.2] compared with VAG (49.3 μg/g, IQR: 8.8-131.1) as well as controls (26.5 μg/g, IQR: 14.9-55.1) (p < 0.001). VAG and control f-CP levels were similar. f-CP was the best-rated marker of BAG with a diagnostic accuracy of 92%. Receiver-operator characteristic analysis revealed an area under curve of 0.95 for identifying BAG; sensitivity and specificity of f-CP were 93% and 88%, respectively, at an adjusted cut-off point of 103.9 μg/g faeces. Combined f-CP and CRP yield improved diagnostic accuracy of 94% for BAG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  f-CP facilitates early discrimination between bacterial and viral causes of AG in young children. Combining f-CP with CRP increases the diagnostic power of diagnosing BAG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, The Czech Republic. sykorajo@fnplzen.cz
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sýkora
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siala
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huml
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varvařovská
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Renáta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pomahačová
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex