title: Trajectories of change in obesity and symptoms of depression: the CARDIA study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether, over time, baseline obesity is associated with change in depressive symptoms or if baseline symptoms of depression are associated with change in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used latent growth curve modeling to examine data from years 5, 10, 15, and 20 of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (n = 4643). We assessed depressive symptomatology with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respondents who started out with higher levels of depressive symptoms experienced a faster rate of increase in BMI (for Whites only) and waist circumference (for Blacks and Whites) over time than did those who reported fewer symptoms of depression in year 5. Initial BMI and waist circumference did not influence the rate of change in symptoms of depression over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressive symptomatology likely plays a role in the development of physical health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, through its association with increases in relative weight and abdominal obesity over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, HHB 460K, 1530 3rd Ave. S., Birmingham, AL 35294-1152, USA. bneedham@uab.edu
authors.forename: Belinda L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Needham
authors.forename: Elissa S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Epel
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiefe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D055105:Waist Circumference; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult; D001741:Black or African American
references.citation: Int J Obes (Lond). 2006 Apr;30(4):634-43
references.pmid: 16570093
references.citation: J Health Soc Behav. 1989 Sep;30(3):241-56
references.pmid: 2674272
references.citation: Obes Res. 2001 Dec;9(12):788-805
references.pmid: 11743063
references.citation: Obes Rev. 2001 May;2(2):73-86
references.pmid: 12119665
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 1997 Aug;87(8):1303-10
references.pmid: 9279265
references.citation: Int J Epidemiol. 1999 Jun;28(3):445-9
references.pmid: 10405846
references.citation: J Health Soc Behav. 1994 Mar;35(1):63-79
references.pmid: 8014430
references.citation: Obes Res. 1998 Nov;6(6):430-7
references.pmid: 9845233
references.citation: Int J Obes (Lond). 2006 Mar;30(3):520-7
references.pmid: 16302014
references.citation: J Psychosom Res. 2002 Oct;53(4):935-42
references.pmid: 12377306
references.citation: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 Aug;157(8):739-45
references.pmid: 12912778
references.citation: J Health Psychol. 2008 Nov;13(8):1190-7
references.pmid: 18987092
references.citation: J Adolesc Health. 2005 Jan;36(1):48-55
references.pmid: 15661596
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1994 Jul;151(7):979-86
references.pmid: 8010383
references.citation: J Psychosom Res. 1981;25(2):83-9
references.pmid: 7277276
references.citation: JAMA. 2002 Oct 9;288(14):1723-7
references.pmid: 12365955
references.citation: Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Jun;32(6):881-91
references.pmid: 18414420
references.citation: JAMA. 1962 Sep 15;181:962-6
references.pmid: 14475695
references.citation: Sports Med. 2000 Mar;29(3):167-80
references.pmid: 10739267
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61 Suppl 11:37-41
references.pmid: 10926053
references.citation: Int J Obes (Lond). 2006 Mar;30(3):513-9
references.pmid: 16302017
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2002 Sep;110(3):497-504
references.pmid: 12205250
references.citation: Clin Dermatol. 2004 Jul-Aug;22(4):332-7
references.pmid: 15475235
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2009 May 1;65(9):732-41
references.pmid: 19150053
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2002 Nov;72(2):125-38
references.pmid: 12200203
references.citation: BMC Med Res Methodol. 2007 Apr 30;7:17
references.pmid: 17470289
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2001 Mar;55(3):185-90
references.pmid: 11160173
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Aug 1;54(3):330-7
references.pmid: 12893108
references.citation: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 Mar;160(3):285-91
references.pmid: 16520448
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2000 Feb;90(2):251-7
references.pmid: 10667187
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 1995 Jan;117(1):3-20
references.pmid: 7870862
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992 Dec;16(12):999-1003
references.pmid: 1335980
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003 Apr;27(4):514-21
references.pmid: 12664085
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 2004 May;65(5):634-51, quiz 730
references.pmid: 15163249