title: Quantitation of tetramethylene disulfotetramine in human urine using isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS and GC/MS/MS).
abstract: Tetramethylene disulfotetramine (tetramine) is a rodenticide associated with numerous poisonings was extracted and quantified in human urine using both gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and GC/tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). 1200 μL samples were prepared using a (13)C(4)-labeled internal standard, a 96-well format, and a polydivinyl-benzene solid phase extraction sorbent bed. Relative extraction recovery was greater than 80% at 100 ng/mL. Following extraction, samples were preconcentrated by evaporation at 60°C, and reconstituted in 50 μL acetonitrile. One-microliter was injected in a splitless mode on both instruments similarly equipped with 30 m × 0.25 mm × 25 μm, 5% phenyl-methylpolysiloxane gas chromatography columns. A quantification ion and a confirmation ion (GC/MS) or analogous selected reaction monitoring transitions (GC/MS/MS) were integrated for all reported results. The method was characterized for precision (5.92-13.4%) and accuracy (96.4-111%) using tetramine-enriched human urine pools between 5 and 250 ng/mL. The method limit of detection was calculated to be 2.34 and 3.87 ng/mL for GC/MS and GC/MS/MS, respectively. A reference range of 100 unexposed human urine samples was analyzed for potential endogenous interferences on both instruments-none were detected. Based on previous literature values for tetramine poisonings, this urinary method should be suitable for measuring low, moderate, and severe tetramine exposures.
authors.affiliation: Battelle Memorial Institute, 2987 Clairmont Road, Suite 450, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamelin
authors.forename: Leigh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Swaim
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kobelski
authors.forename: Rudolph C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D001952:Bridged-Ring Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D001952:Bridged-Ring Compounds; C010349:tetramethylenedisulfotetramine