title: Proximal endovascular occlusion for carotid artery stenting: results from a prospective registry of 1,300 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This single-center registry presents the results of proximal endovascular occlusion (PEO) use in an unselected patient population.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In published multicenter registries, the use of PEO for carotid artery stenting (CAS) has been demonstrated to be safe and efficient in patient populations selected for anatomical and/or clinical conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2004 to May 2009, 1,300 patients underwent CAS using PEO. Patients received an independent neurological assessment before the procedure and 1 h, 24 h, and 30 days after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Procedural success was achieved in 99.7% of patients. In hospital, major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events included 5 deaths (0.38%), 6 major strokes (0.46%), 5 minor strokes (0.38%), and no acute myocardial infarction. At 30 days of follow-up, 2 additional patients died (0.15%), and 1 patient had a minor stroke (0.07%). The 30-day stroke and death incidence was 1.38% (n = 19). Symptomatic patients presented a higher 30-day stroke and death incidence when compared with asymptomatic patients (3.04% vs. 0.82%; p < 0.05). No significant difference in 30-day stroke and death rate was observed between patients at high (1.88%; n = 12) and average surgical risk (1.07; n = 7) (p = NS). Operator experience, symptomatic status, and hypertension were found to be independent predictors of adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of PEO for CAS is safe and effective in an unselected patient population. Anatomical and/or clinical conditions of high surgical risk were not associated with an increased rate of adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Invasive Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Clinica Montevergine, Via Mario Malzoni 1, Mercogliano, Italy. geko50@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stabile
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salemme
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sorropago
authors.forename: Tullio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tesorio
authors.forename: Wail
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nammas
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Grigore
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Popusoi
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cioppa
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ambrosini
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cota
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petroni
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Della Pietra
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ausania
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fontanelli
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biamino
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rubino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000379:methods*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome