title: Investigation of factors associated with treatment-seeking in Southern Chinese with orofacial pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate key factors associated with treatment-seeking for orofacial pain symptoms in community-dwelling adult Chinese people in Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted using a Hong Kong Hospital Authority Family Medicine Clinic as the sampling frame. People aged 35 to 70 years with recent orofacial pain symptoms participated. Standard questions were asked about orofacial pain symptoms and characteristics in the previous month, Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) depression/nonspecific physical symptoms (NPS) scales, sleep and illness behavior measures, and questions on pain disability, professional treatment-seeking, pain medication usage, and dental attendance were administered prior to a standard clinical assessment. Multiple logistic regression with a forward stepwise selection method was used for data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred people with orofacial pain symptoms participated in the definitive study. Twenty-seven percent had sought professional advice. The majority had consulted a medical practitioner (66.7%) or dentist (40.7%), 16.7% had consulted a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioner, and the majority (60%) had taken pain medication. There was no significant association between different orofacial pain diagnoses and professional treatment-seeking (P = .602). Four independent factors were significantly related to an increased likelihood of treatment-seeking (P < .05): more frequent dental attendance for check-up (odds ratio [OR] > 3), time when pain was experienced during the past month (days) (OR > 5), multiple pain symptoms (OR = 4.99), and use of TCM when ill (OR = 3.31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Professional treatment-seeking for orofacial pain was low in this ethnic group. The strongest predictor of treatment-seeking for orofacial pain was an increase in the number of days when pain was experienced during the past month. Key factors associated with treatment-seeking should be considered when formulating community health outreach programs. A further validation study with a larger sample size is recommended to confirm the present findings.
authors.affiliation: Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Anne S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: May C M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Cindy L K
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002054:Burning Mouth Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003729:Dental Care; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D055809:Illness Behavior; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D013997:Time Factors; D014098:Toothache / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics