title: Prediction of postoperative pain after mandibular third molar surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the predictive potential of preoperative psychological and psychophysiological variables in estimating severity of postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgery (MTMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Following ethical committee approval and informed consent, 40 consecutive patients scheduled for MTMS were included. Preoperative psychometric indicators of anxiety, depression, and vulnerability were evaluated by patient questionnaires. Thermal thresholds and heat pain perception (1 second phasic stimuli: 44 degrees C to 48 degrees C) were evaluated with quantitative sensory testing techniques. Standardized surgery was performed during local anesthesia. Postoperative pain management was with rescue paracetamol and ibuprofen. The patients were instructed to record each day their pain at rest and during dynamic conditions, and their requirement of analgesics for 14 days following surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight patients completed the study. Eight patients were readmitted because of pain. During the postoperative period, one or more episodes of moderate to severe pain (> 30 on a visual analog scale) was reported by 60% (23/38) at rest, 63% (24/38) during mouth-opening, and 73% (28/38) during eating. In a multiple regression model, the combination of psychological vulnerability and heat pain perception rendered a predictive model that could account for 15 to 30% of the variance in postoperative pain during resting and dynamic conditions (P = .03 to .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of clinically relevant preoperative screening methods may offer more efficacious postoperative pain therapies to pain-susceptible individuals undergoing mandibular third molar surgery. J Orofac Pain 2010;24:189-196.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden. asa.rudin@skane.se
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudin
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liedholm
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: List
authors.forename: Mads U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Werner
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology; D001290:Attitude; D003863:Depression / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000601:surgery*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000145:classification* / Q000523:psychology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D014097:Tooth, Unerupted / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000082:Acetaminophen; D007052:Ibuprofen