title: TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE and its homolog AT5G01360 encode plant-specific DUF231 proteins required for cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
abstract: The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) trichome birefringence (tbr) mutant has severely reduced crystalline cellulose in trichomes, but the molecular nature of TBR was unknown. We determined TBR to belong to the plant-specific DUF231 domain gene family comprising 46 members of unknown function in Arabidopsis. The genes harbor another plant-specific domain, called the TBL domain, which contains a conserved GDSL motif known from some esterases/lipases. TBR and TBR-like3 (TBL3) are transcriptionally coordinated with primary and secondary CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) genes, respectively. The tbr and tbl3 mutants hold lower levels of crystalline cellulose and have altered pectin composition in trichomes and stems, respectively, tissues generally thought to contain mainly secondary wall crystalline cellulose. In contrast, primary wall cellulose levels remain unchanged in both mutants as measured in etiolated tbr and tbl3 hypocotyls, while the amount of esterified pectins is reduced and pectin methylesterase activity is increased in this tissue. Furthermore, etiolated tbr hypocotyls have reduced length with swollen epidermal cells, a phenotype characteristic for primary cesa mutants or the wild type treated with cellulose synthesis inhibitors. Taken together, we show that two TBL genes contribute to the synthesis and deposition of secondary wall cellulose, presumably by influencing the esterification state of pectic polymers.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany. volker.bischoff@versailles.inra.fr
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nita
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neumetzler
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schindelasch
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urbain
authors.forename: Ravit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eshed
authors.forename: Staffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delmer
authors.forename: Wolf-Rüdiger
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Scheible
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D002482:Cellulose / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018546:Hypocotyl / Q000254:growth & development; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010368:Pectins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010802:Phylogeny; D034622:RNA Interference; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; C036483:T-DNA; D010368:Pectins; D002482:Cellulose
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