title: Infection probability score, APACHE II and KARNOFSKY scoring systems as predictors of infection onset in haematology-oncology patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the predictive power of three systems: Infection Probability Score, APACHE II and KARNOFSKY score to the onset of healthcare-associated infections in haematology-oncology patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The high incidence of healthcare-associated infections is a frequent problem in haematology-oncology patients that affects morbidity and mortality of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective surveillance survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey was conducted for seven months in the haematology unit of a general hospital in Greece to assess the predictive power of Infection Probability Score, APACHE II and KARNOFSKY score to the onset of healthcare-associated infections. The sample consisted of 102 hospitalised patients. The diagnosis of healthcare-associated infections was based on the definitions proposed by CDC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the participants, 53 (52%) were males and 49 (48%) were females with a mean age of 53.30 (SD 18.59) years old (range, 17-85 years). The incidence density of healthcare-associated infections (the number of new cases of healthcare-associated infections per 1000 patient-days) was 21.8 infections per 1000 patient-days. Among the 102 patients, healthcare-associated infections occurred in 32 (31.4%) patients who had a total of 48 healthcare-associated infections (47.5%). Among the 38 patients with neutropenia, 26 (68.4%) had more than one healthcare-associated infection. Of the 48 detected healthcare-associated infections, the most frequent type was blood-stream infection (n = 17, 35.4%), followed by Clostridium difficile infection (n = 11, 22.9%) and respiratory tract infection (n = 8, 3.4%). The best cut-off value of Infection Probability Score (IPS) for the prediction of a healthcare-associated infection was 10 with sensitivity of 59.4% and specificity of 74.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Between the three different prognostic scoring systems, IPS had the best sensitivity in predicting healthcare-associated infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPS is an effective tool and should be used from nurses for the early detection of haematology-oncology patients who are susceptible to the onset of a healthcare-associated infection.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Apostolopolou
authors.forename: Vasilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raftopoulos
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terzis
authors.forename: Kiriaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pissaki
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pagoni
authors.forename: Sossana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delibasi
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult