title: Effect of indomethacin infused over 30 minutes on cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction in preterm newborns with a patent ductus arteriosus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common finding in the first days of life and, if persistent, is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality in the preterm newborn.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to investigate, using near-infrared spectroscopy, the effect of indomethacin on the fractional tissue (cerebral) oxygen extraction (FT(c)OE) in a group of preterm newborns undergoing medical treatment for a PDA.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective, observational study. A cohort of 18 preterm newborns (<32 weeks) undergoing treatment for a PDA with indomethacin were monitored continuously for mean arterial blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (r(c)SO(2)). Measurements were started 1 h before and continued for 4 h after the first indomethacin dose. A final measurement (1 h) was made within 24 h of completing the full course. FT(c)OE = [SpO(2) - r(c)SO(2)]/SpO(2) was then calculated. To analyze the data, we chose to average the measurements over 1-hour periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in the FT(c)OE (0.06, 95% CI 0.04-0.09, p < 0.001) noticeable within the 1st hour after the start of indomethacin administration, which peaked in the 2nd hour (FT(c)OE increased by 0.08, 95% CI 0.04-0.11, p < 0.001) and lasted for the full 4-hour period measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indomethacin, infused over 30 min, significantly increased the FT(c)OE in the preterm newborn, the effect lasting at least 4 h. This may represent a protective response to the indomethacin-induced reduction in cerebral blood flow demonstrated by others and warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. keatingp69@gmail.com
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.forename: Jacorina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Hoften
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: ter Horst
authors.forename: Arend F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bos
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002423:Cause of Death; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010100:Oxygen; D007213:Indomethacin