title: [Cigarette smoking and mortality in the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort (KMCC) study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and total mortality, cancer mortality and other disease mortalities in Korean adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 14,161 subjects of the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort who were over 40 years of age and who were cancer-free at baseline enrollment reported their lifestyle factors, including the smoking status. The median follow-up time was 6.6 years. During the follow-up period from 1993 to 2005, we identified 1159 cases of mortality, including 260 cancer mortality cases with a total of 91,987 person-years, by the national death certificate. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of cigarette smoking for total mortality, cancer mortality and disease-specific mortality, as adjusted for age, gender, the geographic area and year of enrollment, the alcohol consumption status, the education level and the body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk of total mortality, all-cancer mortality and lung cancer mortality (p-trend, <0.01, <0.01, <0.01, respectively). Compared to non-smoking, current smokers were at a higher risk for mortality [HR (95% CI)=1.3 (1.1-1.5) for total mortality; HR (95% CI)=1.6 (1.1-2.2) for all-cancer mortality; HR (95% CI)=3.9 (1.9-7.7) for lung cancer mortality].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study's results suggest that cigarette smoking might be associated with total mortality, all-cancer mortality and especially lung cancer mortality among Korean adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Ha
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sue K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kwang-Pil
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: In Seong
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Soung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hai-Rim
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Daehee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Keun-Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000401:mortality*