Latent tuberculosis among persons at risk for infection with HIV, Tijuana, Mexico.
Because there is little routine tuberculosis (TB) screening in Mexico, the prevalence of latent TB infection (LTBI) is unknown. In the context of an increasing HIV epidemic in Tijuana, Mexico, understanding prevalence of LTBI to anticipate emergence of increased LTBI reactivation is critical. Therefore, we recruited injection drug users, noninjection drug users, female sex workers, and homeless persons for a study involving risk assessment, rapid HIV testing, and TB screening. Of 503 participants, the overall prevalences of TB infection, HIV infection, and TB/HIV co-infection were 57%, 4.2%, and 2.2%, respectively; no significant differences by risk group (p>0.05) were observed. Two participants had TB (prevalence 398/100,000). Incarceration in Mexico (odds ratio [OR] 2.28), age (OR 1.03 per year), and years lived in Tijuana (OR 1.02 per year) were independently associated with TB infection (p<0.05). Frequent LTBI in marginalized persons may lead to increases in TB as HIV spreads.
Garfein
Richard S
RS
University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.
Laniado-Laborin
Rafael
R
Rodwell
Timothy C
TC
Lozada
Remedios
R
Deiss
Robert
R
Burgos
Jose Luis
JL
Cuevas-Mota
Jazmine
J
Cerecer
Paris
P
Moser
Kathleen
K
Volker
Maria Luisa
ML
Strathdee
Steffanie A
SA
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D055030:Drug Users; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons; D006801:Humans; D055985:Latent Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D015995:Prevalence; D011329:Prisoners; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D011477:Sex Work
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