Jasmonic acid and ethylene modulate local responses to wounding and simulated herbivory in Nicotiana attenuata leaves.
Jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) are known to play important roles in mediating plant defense against herbivores, but how they affect development in herbivore-attacked plants is unknown. We used JA-deficient (silenced in LIPOXYGENASE3 [asLOX3]) and ET-insensitive (expressing a mutated dominant negative form of ETHYLENE RESPONSE1 [mETR1]) Nicotiana attenuata plants, and their genetic cross (mETR1asLOX3), to examine growth and development of these plants under simulated herbivory conditions. At the whole plant level, both hormones suppressed leaf expansion after the plants had been wounded and the wounds had been immediately treated with Manduca sexta oral secretions (OS). In addition, ectopic cell expansion was observed around both water- and OS-treated wounds in mETR1asLOX3 leaves but not in mETR1, asLOX3, or wild-type leaves. Pretreating asLOX3 leaves with the ET receptor antagonist 1-methylcyclopropane resulted in local cell expansion that closely mimicked the mETR1asLOX3 phenotype. We found higher auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) levels in the elicited leaves of mETR1asLOX3 plants, a trait that is putatively associated with enhanced cell expansion and leaf growth in this genotype. Transcript profiling of OS-elicited mETR1asLOX3 leaves revealed a preferential accumulation of transcripts known to function in cell wall remodeling, suggesting that both JA and ET act as negative regulators of these genes. We propose that in N. attenuata, JA-ET cross talk restrains local cell expansion and growth after herbivore attack, allowing more resources to be allocated to induced defenses against herbivores.
Onkokesung
Nawaporn
N
Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
Gális
Ivan
I
von Dahl
Caroline C
CC
Matsuoka
Ken
K
Saluz
Hans-Peter
HP
Baldwin
Ian T
IT
D000818:Animals; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020868:Gene Silencing; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D018402:Manduca; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development
D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005030:Ethylenes; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C011006:jasmonic acid; C036216:ethylene
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