Chemotherapy and radiotherapy: cryptic anticancer vaccines.
An attractive, yet hitherto unproven concept predicts that the promotion of tumor regression should elicit the host's immune response against residual tumor cells to achieve an optimal therapeutic effect. In a way, chemo- or radiotherapy must trigger "danger signals" emitted from immunogenic cell death and hence elicit "danger associated molecular patterns" to stimulate powerful anticancer immune responses. Here, based on the recent experimental and clinical evidence, we will discuss the molecular identity of the multiple checkpoints that dictate the success of "immunogenic chemotherapy" at the levels of the drug, of the tumor cell and of the host immune system.
Ma
Yuting
Y
INSERM, U805, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, F-94805 Villejuif, France.
Kepp
Oliver
O
Ghiringhelli
François
F
Apetoh
Lionel
L
Aymeric
Laetitia
L
Locher
Clara
C
Tesniere
Antoine
A
Martins
Isabelle
I
Ly
André
A
Haynes
Nicole M
NM
Smyth
Mark J
MJ
Kroemer
Guido
G
Zitvogel
Laurence
L
D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D004358:Drug Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D011878:Radiotherapy
D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007371:Interferon-gamma