title: ApoE polymorphisms and diarrheal outcomes in Brazilian shanty town children.
abstract: A series of studies have shown that the heavy burdens of diarrheal diseases in the first 2 formative years of life in children living in urban shanty towns have negative effects on physical and cognitive development lasting into later childhood. We have shown that APOE4 is relatively common in shanty town children living in Brazil (13.4%) and suggest that APOE4 has a protective role in cognitive development as well as weight-for-height in children with heavy burdens of diarrhea in early childhood (64/123; 52%), despite being a marker for cognitive decline with Alzheimer's and cardiovascular diseases later in life. APOE2 frequency was higher among children with heaviest diarrhea burdens during the first 2 years of life, as detected by PCR using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method, raising the possibility that ApoE-cholesterol balance might be critical for growth and cognitive development under the stress of heavy diarrhea burdens and when an enriched fat diet is insufficient. These findings provide a potential explanation for the survival advantage in evolution of genes, which might raise cholesterol levels during heavy stress of diarrhea burdens and malnutrition early in life.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Oriá
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.forename: M O B
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Oriá
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lorntz
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: O G R
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: R N B
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Pinkerton
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Guerrant
authors.forename: A A M
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003968:Diarrhea, Infantile / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E
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