title: Metals in air pollution particles decrease whole-blood coagulation time.
abstract: The mechanism underlying procoagulative effects of air pollution particle exposure is not known. The authors tested the postulate that (1) the water-soluble components of an air pollution particle could affect whole-blood coagulation time and (2) metals included in this fraction were responsible for this effect. Exposure to the water-soluble fraction of particulate matter (PM), at doses as low as 50 ng/ml original particle, significantly diminished the whole-blood coagulation time. Inclusion of deferoxamine prolonged coagulation time following the exposures to the water-soluble fraction, whereas equivalent doses of ferroxamine had no effect. Except for nickel, all metal sulfates shortened the whole-blood coagulation time. Iron and zinc were two metals with the greatest capacity to reduce the coagulation time, with an effect observed at 10 ng/ml. Finally, in contrast to the anticoagulants citrate and EDTA, their iron complexes were found to be procoagulative. The authors conclude that metals in the water-soluble fraction of air pollution particles decrease whole-blood coagulation time. These metals can potentially contribute to procoagulative effects observed following human exposures to air pollution particles.
authors.affiliation: Human Studies Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Rahul G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sangani
authors.forename: Joleen M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Soukup
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ghio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D012995:Solubility; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013431:Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology; D014914:Whole Blood Coagulation Time; D055815:Young Adult; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002614:Chelating Agents; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D008670:Metals; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013431:Sulfates; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C002577:ferrioxamine B; D003676:Deferoxamine