title: Non-cardiovascular drugs that inhibit hERG-encoded potassium channels and risk of sudden cardiac death.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Virtually all QTc-prolonging drugs act by blocking the human ether a go-go-related gene (hERG)-encoded potassium channels (hERG channels), whereas not all QTc-prolonging drugs are associated with an increased risk of serious cardiac arrhythmias. This study assessed whether non-cardiovascular hERG channel blockers are associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and whether hERG-channel-inhibiting capacity is an indicator of the risk of SCD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of SCD was studied in the Integrated Primary Care Information database, a longitudinal general practice research database. A case-control study was performed, matched for age, gender and calendar time. Odds ratios were calculated with conditional logistic regression, multivariably adjusted. In addition, the hERG-channel-inhibiting capacity of the different drugs was compared, defined as the effective free therapeutic plasma concentration (ETCP(unbound)) divided by the concentration that inhibits 50% of the potassium channels (IC50), with the risk of SCD. 1424 cases of SCD and 14 443 controls were identified. Current use of hERG channel blockers was associated with an increased risk of SCD. The risk of SCD was significantly increased in users of antipsychotic drugs. Patients using hERG channel blockers with a high ETCP(unbound)/IC50 ratio (≥ 0.033) had a higher risk of SCD than patients using drugs with a low ETCP(unbound)/IC50 ratio (<0.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current use of hERG channel blockers was associated with an increased risk of SCD in the general population. In addition, drugs with a high hERG-channel-inhibiting capacity had a higher risk of SCD than drugs with a low hERG-channel-inhibiting capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Noord
authors.forename: Miriam C J M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sturkenboom
authors.forename: Sabine M J M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Straus
authors.forename: Jacqueline C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Witteman
authors.forename: Bruno H Ch
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Stricker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D015897:Comorbidity; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers