title: A high-density ERP study reveals latency, amplitude, and topographical differences in multiple sclerosis patients versus controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify latency, amplitude and topographical differences in event-related potential (ERP) components between multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and controls and to compare ERP findings with results from the paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four subjects (17 relapsing remitting (RRMS) patients, 16 secondary progressive (SPMS) patients, and 21 controls) completed visual and auditory oddball tasks while data were recorded from 134 EEG channels. Latency and amplitude differences, calculated using composite mean amplitude measures, were tested using an ANOVA. Topographical differences were tested using statistical parametric mapping (SPM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the visual modality, P2, P3 amplitudes and N2 latency were significantly different across groups. In the auditory modality, P2, N2, and P3 latencies and N1 amplitude were significantly different across groups. There were no significant differences between RRMS and SPMS patients on any ERP component. There were topographical differences between MS patients and controls for both early and late components for the visual modality, but only in the early components for the auditory modality. PASAT score correlated significantly with auditory P3 latency for MS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were significant ERP differences between MS patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicated that both early sensory and later cognitive ERP components are impaired in MS patients relative to controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's University Hospital/University College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Center for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: Robert.whelan@tcd.ie.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's University Hospital/University College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lonergan
authors.affiliation: Trinity Center for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiiski
authors.affiliation: Trinity Center for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's University Hospital/University College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinsella
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bramham
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Trinity Center for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's University Hospital/University College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's University Hospital/University College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tubridy
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*