title: Antibacterial metabolites from Australian macrofungi from the genus Cortinarius.
abstract: In this study, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions from 117 collections of Australian macrofungi belonging to the mushroom genus Cortinarius were screened for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Overall, the lipophilic fractions were more active than the aqueous fractions. The ethyl acetate fractions of most or all collections of 13 species, namely Cortinarius ardesiacus, C. archeri, C. austrosaginus, C. austrovenetus, C. austroviolaceus, C. coelopus, C. [Dermocybe canaria](2), C. clelandii, C. [D. kula], C. memoria-annae, C. persplendidus, C. sinapicolor, C. vinosipes and forty seven collections of un-described Cortinarius species exhibited IC(50) values of 0.09 mg/mL against S. aureus. In contrast, most or all collections of only four species, namely C. abnormis, C. austroalbidus, C. [D. kula], C. persplendidus, and eleven un-described Cortinarius collections exhibited similar effects against P. aeruginosa (IC(50) <or= 0.09 mg/mL). Anthraquinonoid pigments isolated from C. basirubescens together with emodin physcion and erythrogluacin were assessed for their antimicrobial activity. The fungal octaketides austrocortilutein, austrocortirubin, torosachrysone, physcion and emodin were found to strongly inhibit the growth of S. aureus (IC(50) 0.7-12 microg/mL) whereas only physcion and emodin exhibited potency against P. aeruginosa (IC(50) 1.5 and 2.0 microg/mL, respectively).
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, Australia. K.Beattie@griffith.edu.au
authors.forename: Karren D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Beattie
authors.forename: Razina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rouf
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gander
authors.forename: Tom W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ratkowsky
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Donner
authors.forename: Melvyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: I Darren
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Grice
authors.forename: Evelin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tiralongo
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001315:Australia; D055363:Cortinarius / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010860:Pigments, Biological