title: Postmortem blood cadmium, lead, and mercury concentrations: comparisons with regard to sampling location and reference ranges for living persons.
abstract: This study's goal was to determine cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), total mercury (THg), and inorganic mercury (IHg) levels in human cadavers to compare measured levels with established reference ranges for living persons and to determine whether blood levels varied with time from death to sample collection or by body collection site. Subjects (n = 66) recruited from the Fulton County Medical Examiner's Office in Atlanta, GA, were 20 years of age or older, had no penetrating trauma, no obvious source of environmental contamination of the vasculature, and had whole blood accessible from the femoral (F) site, the cardiac (C) site, or both. Geometric mean results were as follows: 2.59 microg/L F-Cd; 11.81 microg/L C-Cd; 1.03 microg/L F-THg; 2.01 microg/L C-THg; 0.29 microg/L F-IHg; 0.49 microg/L C-IHg; 1.78 microg/dL F-Pb; and 1.87 microg/dL C-Pb. Both F- and C-Cd levels as well as C-THg levels were significantly higher than reference values among living persons (C- and F-Cd, p < 0.0001 and C-THg, p = 0.0001, respectively). Based on regression modeling, as the postmortem interval increased, blood Cd levels increased (p < 0.006). Postmortem blood Cd concentrations were elevated compared to population values and varied with respect to sampling location and postmortem interval.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Schier
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heninger
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolkin
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kieszak
authors.forename: Kathleen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: Geroncio C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fajardo
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanzlick
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Osterloh
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McGeehin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000737:chemistry; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008628:Mercury / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D012016:Reference Values; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014684:Venae Cavae / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D008628:Mercury