title: Comparison of the effects of vasopressin and norepinephrine on organ perfusion during septic shock in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of norepinephrine (NE) and vasopressin on systemic hemodynamics, renal and mesenteric artery blood flow, inflammatory response and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity during endotoxin shock in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was designed to include three sets of experiments: (1) measurement of changes in systemic hemodynamics and mesenteric and renal artery blood flow; (2) measurement of biochemical variables; and (3) measurement of iNOS activity in the mesenteric artery. Systemic hemodynamics, regional artery blood flow changes and biochemical variables were assessed before treatment and 1, 2 and 3 h after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vasopressin, but not NE, prevented the decreases in aortic blood flow, but did not restore mesenteric artery blood flow. In addition, vasopressin partially restored renal artery blood flow in diabetic rats. Plasma nitrite levels and iNOS activity in the mesenteric artery were elevated after intravenous LPS in diabetic rats. Endotoxin-induced decreases in mesenteric arterial blood flow were partially restored by vasopressin with nonselective NOS inhibitor, N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), in diabetic rats. Moreover, l-NAME prevented increases in plasma nitrite levels and iNOS activity in the mesenteric artery. In contrast, endotoxin-induced decreases in renal arterial blood flow were partially restored by vasopressin with l-NAME, but not by NE in diabetic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nitric oxide may be one possible contributor to reduced sensitivity of the mesenteric and renal arteries to vasopressin during septic shock in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hinohara
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kadoi
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tokue
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Chikara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kawauchi
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizutani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D013311:Streptozocin; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014667:Vasopressins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013311:Streptozocin; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D009638:Norepinephrine
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