title: CHO oxidation from a CHO gel compared with a drink during exercise.
abstract: Recently, it has been shown that ingestion of solutions with glucose (GLU) and fructose (FRC) leads to 20%–50% higher CHO oxidation rates compared with GLU alone. Although most laboratory studies used solutions to deliver CHO, in practice, athletes often ingest CHO in the form of gels (semisolid). It is currently not known if CHO ingested in the form of a gel is oxidized as effectively as a drink.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate exogenous CHO oxidation from CHO provided in semisolid (GEL) or solution (DRINK) form during cycling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight well-trained cyclists(age = 34 ± 7 yr, mass = 76 ± 9 kg, VO2max = 61 ± 7 mL·kg−¹·min−¹) performed three exercise trials in random order. The trials consisted of cycling at 59% ± 4% VO2max for 180 min while receiving one of the following three treatments: GEL plus plain water, DRINK, or plain water. Both CHO treatments delivered GLU plus FRC in a ratio of 2:1 at a rate of 1.8 g·min−¹ (108 g·h−¹). Fluid intake was matched between treatments at 867 mL·h−¹.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exogenous CHO oxidation from GEL and DRINK showed a similar time course,with peak exogenous CHO oxidation rates being reached at the end of the 180-min exercise. Peak exogenous CHO oxidation rates were not significantly different (P = 0.40) between GEL and DRINK (1.44 ± 0.29 vs 1.42 ± 0.23 g·min−¹, respectively). Furthermore, oxidation efficiency was not significantly different (P = 0.36) between GEL and DRINK (71% ± 15% vs 69% ± 13%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that a GLU + FRC mixture is oxidized to the same degree then administered as either semisolid GEL or liquid DRINK, leading to similarly high peak oxidation rates and oxidation efficiencies.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: Trent
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stellingwerff
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zaltas
authors.forename: Asker E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Jeukendrup
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005782:Gels; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases