Inflammatory response in Parkinsonism.
Inflammatory responses have been proposed as important factors in dopaminergic neuro-degeneration in Parkinsonism. Increasing evidence suggests that the alteration of the glial microenvironment induced by neuronal degeneration could be deleterious to the remaining neurons. The activation of microglia/macrophages and reactive astrocytes may have a negative effect on the surrounding parenchyma, perpetuating the neurodegenerative process. However, this alteration may also go beyond the brain parenchyma and stimulate other inflammatory changes in other systems, inducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines and probably Acute Phase Proteins (APP) and Glucocorticoids (GC). In this work we review the latest advances in the field to provide a picture of the state of the art of studies of inflammatory responses and Parkinsonism, hopefully opening up new therapeutic perspectives for patients with Parkinson's disease.
Barcia
Carlos
C
Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Department of Human Anatomy, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain. barcia@um.es
Ros
Francisco
F
Carrillo
María Angeles
MA
Aguado-Llera
David
D
Ros
Carmen María
CM
Gómez
Aurora
A
Nombela
Cristina
C
de Pablos
Vicente
V
Fernández-Villalba
Emiliano
E
Herrero
Maria-Trinidad
MT
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000266:history / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
D016207:Cytokines; D005938:Glucocorticoids