title: Using transcranial direct-current stimulation to treat stroke patients with aphasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent research suggests that increased left hemisphere cortical activity, primarily of the left frontal cortex, is associated with improved naming performance in stroke patients with aphasia. Our aim was to determine whether anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS), a method thought to increase cortical excitability, would improve naming accuracy in stroke patients with aphasia when applied to the scalp overlying the left frontal cortex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with chronic stroke-induced aphasia received 5 days of anodal tDCS (1 mA for 20 minutes) and 5 days of sham tDCS (for 20 minutes, order randomized) while performing a computerized anomia treatment. tDCS positioning was guided by a priori functional magnetic resonance imaging results for each individual during an overt naming task to ensure that the active electrode was placed over structurally intact cortex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results revealed significantly improved naming accuracy of treated items (F[1,9]=5.72, P<0.040) after anodal tDCS compared with sham tDCS. Patients who demonstrated the most improvement were those with perilesional areas closest to the stimulation site. Crucially, this treatment effect persisted at least 1 week after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that anodal tDCS over the left frontal cortex can lead to enhanced naming accuracy in stroke patients with aphasia and, if proved to be effective in larger studies, may provide a supplementary treatment approach for anomia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Williams Brice Building, 1621 Greene St, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. bakerjm6@mailbox.sc.edu
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rorden
authors.forename: Julius
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fridriksson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000849:Anomia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D001037:Aphasia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012074:Remission Induction; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors
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