title: Eupafolin, a flavonoid isolated from Artemisia princeps, induced apoptosis in human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells.
abstract: Although eupafolin, a flavone found in Artemisia princeps Pampanini, has been shown to inhibit the growth of several human cancer cells, its mode of action is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the pro-apoptotic activities of eupafolin in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. It was found that eupafolin induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation and the accumulation of positive cells for annexin V. In addition, eupafolin triggered the activations of caspases-3, -6, -7, -8, and -9 and the cleavages of their substrates, such as, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and lamin A/C. Furthermore, treatment with eupafolin resulted in a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)), increased the release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and altered the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins. Interestingly, caspase-8, an initiator caspase, was activated after the loss of DeltaPsi(m) and the activations of caspases-3 and -9. Moreover, treatment with z-DEVD-fmk (a specific caspase-3 inhibitor) and the overexpression of Bcl-2 prevented eupafolin-stimulated caspase-8 activation. Altogether, these results suggest that the eupafolin-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells is mediated by caspase-dependent pathways, involving caspases-3, -9, and -8, which are initiated by the Bcl-2-dependent loss of DeltaPsi(m).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jung-Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Nam-In
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: Myung-Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Eun-Kyung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hae-Gon
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Tae-Sook
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Kyung-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D019306:Artemisia / Q000737:chemistry*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D047309:Flavones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007700:Kinetics; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D047309:Flavones; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D020169:Caspases; C503624:eupafolin