title: Pain experiences of men and women after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Individuals with coronary artery disease undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery to relieve symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce early death. Pain is the most prevalent symptom identified by persons after CABG surgery. The objective of the study was to compare the prevalence and severity of pain and pain-related interference with activities in men and women 9 weeks after CABG surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included men (n = 78) and women (n = 17) who were having first-time nonemergency CABG surgery. Pain outcome data were collected via telephone using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Brief Pain Inventory-Interference Subscale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Forty-seven percent of the women (n = 8) had moderate to severe pain described as the "worst pain in previous 24 hours with movement" 9 weeks following discharge from CABG surgery. More women were divorced, widowed, or single (P = .0002). There was a statistically significant between-groups difference, with more women reporting moderate to severe pain with movement (P = .03), as well as greater interference with walking (P = .01) and sleeping (P = .01) due to pain. Further research with larger sample sizes should investigate what conditions lead to the sex differences in the pain experience after CABG surgery, what mechanisms and support structures underlie these differences, and how these differences can inform the clinical management of pain.
authors.affiliation: Nurse Practitioner Programs, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. monica.parry@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watt-Watson
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hodnett
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tranmer
authors.forename: Cindy-Lee
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008571:Men / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology*