title: Definitions and incidence of cardiac syndrome X: review and analysis of clinical data.
abstract: There is no consensus regarding the definition of cardiac syndrome X (CSX). We systematically reviewed recent literature using a standardized search strategy. We included 57 articles. A total of 47 studies mentioned a male/female distribution. A meta-analysis yielded a pooled proportion of females of 0.56 (n = 1,934 patients, with 95% confidence interval: 0.54-0.59). As much as 9 inclusion criteria and 43 exclusion criteria were found in the 57 articles. Applying these criteria to a population with normal coronary angiograms and treated in 1 year at a general hospital, the attributable CSX incidence varied between 3 and 11%. The many inclusion and exclusion criteria result in a wide range of definitions of CSX and these have large effects on the incidence. This shows the need for a generally accepted definition of CSX.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. i.vermeltfoort@vumc.nl
authors.forename: I A C
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Vermeltfoort
authors.forename: P G H M
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Raijmakers
authors.forename: I I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Riphagen
authors.forename: D A M
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Odekerken
authors.forename: A F M
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kuijper
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zwijnenburg
authors.forename: G J J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Teule
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009626:Terminology as Topic
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