title: Hyaluronic acid signals for repair in ethanol-induced apoptosis in skin cells in vitro.
abstract: Ethanol is commonly used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to assess ethanol-induced apoptosis and the possible repair by hyaluronic acid (HA) in vitro. In addition we aimed to determine the modulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interferon (IFN-alpha).
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated human A431 epidermoid skin cells and mouse fibroblasts with two concentrations of ethanol for 24h. HA obtained from umbilical cord excision was used at three concentration levels (2%, 4% and 8%) to determine its efficacy in the treatment. We measured cytotoxicity, TNF-alpha and IFN-alpha and visualized the cultures by electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of cells with ethanol at 50mM and 100mM increased both the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis, as well as the release of TNF-alpha into the culture medium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethanol may induce apoptosis in skin cells by enhancing the effects of TNF-alpha. HA in the 2% and 4% concentrations reduced TNF-alpha and morphological inflammation both in human A431 epidermoid skin cells and in mouse fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M56 1L7. manuela.neuman@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Manuela G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Neuman
authors.forename: Loida
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oruña
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coto
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lago
authors.forename: Radu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nanau
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vincent
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000431:Ethanol; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid