title: No increase of the blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging signal with higher field strength: implications for brain activation studies.
abstract: Experimental data up to 7.0 T show that the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) increases with higher magnetic field strength. Although several studies at 11.7 T report higher BOLD signal compared with studies at 7.0 T, no direct comparison at these two field strengths has been performed under the exact same conditions. It therefore remains unclear whether the expected increase of BOLD effect with field strength will still continue to hold for fields >7.0 T. To examine this issue, we compared the BOLD activation signal at 7.0 and 11.7 T with the two common sequences, spin-echo (SE) and gradient-echo (GE) echo planar imaging (EPI). We chose the physiologically well controlled rat model of electrical forepaw stimulation under medetomidine sedation. While a linear to superlinear increase in activation with field strengths up to 7.0 T was reported in the literature, we observed no significant activation difference between 7.0 and 11.7 T with either SE or GE. Discussing the results in light of the four-component model of the BOLD signal, we showed that at high field only two extravascular contributions remain relevant, while both intravascular components vanish. Constancy of the BOLD effect is discussed due to motional narrowing, i.e., susceptibility gradients become so strong that phase variance of diffusing spins decreases and therefore the BOLD signal also decreases. This finding will be of high significance for the planning of future human and animal fMRI studies at high fields and their quantitative analysis.
authors.affiliation: In-Vivo NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Seehafer
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kalthoff
authors.forename: Tracy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Farr
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wiedermann
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoehn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005552:Forelimb / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D055698:Touch Perception / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
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