title: Update on testicular germ cell tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss several important developments in testicular germ cell tumors in the past year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genomic studies are examining gene expression as possible markers for disease relapse and chemotherapy resistance. Optimal treatment strategies for early-stage nonseminomatous tumors continue to evolve and patient compliance with posttreatment surveillance schedules remains problematic. Advanced and platinum-refractory disease states continue to be challenging entities in terms of optimizing therapy and outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant challenges remain for treatment of certain categories of testicular germ cell tumors. Treatment and surveillance paradigms continue to be defined and refined as research in these areas continues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. hmannuel@umm.edu
authors.forename: Heather D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Mannuel
authors.forename: Arif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy