title: Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of black carp (Mylopharyngdon piceus Richardson) and allogynogenetic crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio female x Cyprinus carpio male) fed different carbohydrate diets.
abstract: Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of black carp (Mylopharyngdon piceus Richardson) (4.6±0.3 g) and allogynogenetic crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio ♀×Cyprinus carpio ♂) (5.7±0.5 g) were examined when fish fed two types of carbohydrate (dextrin and glucose) at two levels (20 and 40%) each. The diets were isonitrogenous (40% dry matter) and isocaloric at 18.5 kJ g(−1) (dry matter) by adjusting the oil content to 10.1 and 1.5%, respectively. In black carp, the interactions between the carbohydrate type and level were found in oxygen consumption at 3 and 6 h and in ammonia excretion at 6 h after feeding. At 20% carbohydrate, no significant difference was observed between dextrin and glucose in oxygen consumption. However, at 40% carbohydrate, oxygen consumption in fish fed glucose was significantly higher than that in fish fed dextrin at 3 and 6 h after feeding. Within the dextrin diets, no significant differences in both oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were detected between the two carbohydrate levels. Within the glucose diets, however, fish fed 40% glucose showed significantly higher oxygen consumption than those fed 20% glucose at 3 and 6 h after feeding. Ammonia excretion in black carp fed 40% glucose was higher than that in black carp fed 40% dextrin at 6 h and also found higher than those in the other three treatments at 24 h after feeding. The postprandial oxygen consumption and the ammonia excretion in crucian carp fed 40% glucose were the highest, but no significant differences were observed. Our data indicate that the escalation of glucose to 40% in a fish diet results in high oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion in black carp, suggesting that the efficiency of glucose as an energy source for this fish is compromised by the high metabolic expenditure after feeding. Crucian carp, on the other hand, have a better ability to cope with dietary carbohydrates.
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China. szcfcai@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Chun Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Yuan Tu
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Li Qiao
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian Guang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Yong Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003912:Dextrins; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated; D005947:Glucose; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003912:Dextrins; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D000641:Ammonia; D005947:Glucose
references.citation: Anesthesiology. 2009 Jan;110(1):81-8
references.pmid: 19104174
references.citation: J Exp Biol. 1997;200(Pt 17):2337-46
references.pmid: 9320259
references.citation: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2000 Oct;127(2):131-8
references.pmid: 11064280
references.citation: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2006 May;144(1):41-7
references.pmid: 16527505
references.citation: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2004 Nov;139(3):359-63
references.pmid: 15556392
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1991 Sep;261(3 Pt 2):R609-13
references.pmid: 1679608
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1994 Jun;266(6 Pt 2):R1944-50
references.pmid: 8024051
references.citation: Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2001 Jun;129(2-3):243-9
references.pmid: 11399456
references.citation: World Rev Nutr Diet. 1990;61:132-72
references.pmid: 2408253
references.citation: Fish Physiol Biochem. 1986 May;1(2):85-91
references.pmid: 24234597
references.citation: Anesthesiology. 1990 Aug;73(2):308-27
references.pmid: 2200312
references.citation: Regul Pept. 1998 Oct 16;77(1-3):55-62
references.pmid: 9809796
references.citation: Br J Nutr. 1982 May;47(3):597-607
references.pmid: 7082628
references.citation: J Nutr. 1987 Feb;117(2):280-5
references.pmid: 3559743