title: Iron, zinc, and copper nutritional status in children infected with Helicobacter pylori.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa of about half of the world's population and it has been related to extragastrointestinal diseases. The present study sought to evaluate the association between H pylori infection and iron, zinc, and copper nutritional status in symptomatic children.
  
  
  METHODS
  : A cross-sectional study was carried out in 395 children (4-16 years) with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, who were tested for H pylori infection by the C-urea breath test. Iron status was determined by hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and serum transferrin receptors. Copper and zinc serum concentrations were also evaluated. Epidemiological data, dietary assessment, and anthropometric indicators were analyzed as potential confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : Prevalence of H pylori infection was 24.3%. Anemia and iron deficiency (ID) were found in 12.0% and 14.3% of the H pylori-positive and 8.9% and 11.0% of the H pylori-negative children, respectively. There was no association between H pylori infection and anemia (odds ratio = 1.54 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73%-3.24%]) or ID (odds ratio = 1.35 [95% CI 0.67-2.70]). Crude beta coefficients showed that H pylori has no significant effect on hemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum transferrin receptors, copper, and zinc concentrations. However, adjusted results suggested that H pylori-infected children had an increase of 9.74 microg/dL (95% CI 2.12-17.37 microg/dL) in copper concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : This study revealed that H pylori infection was not associated with iron deficiency, anemia, or zinc concentrations; however, a positive relation with copper status was found after adjusting for confounding factors. The contribution of H pylori infection to higher copper concentrations needs to be confirmed by additional studies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Stable Isotopes Applied to Biology and Medicine, Department of Physics, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Argentina.
authors.forename: Mariana A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Janjetic
authors.forename: Cinthia G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Norma E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Balcarce
authors.forename: Eduardo Cueto
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Rua
authors.forename: Andrea Beltrán
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Julián A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fuda
authors.forename: Emiliano I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Meseri
authors.forename: Horacio E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Torti
authors.forename: Julieta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barrado
authors.forename: Marcela B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zubillaga
authors.forename: Laura B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Boccio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin / Q000097:blood; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin; D003300:Copper; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc