title: Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of avian antibodies against influenza virus H5N1 and H1N1 in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pandemic influenza poses a serious threat to global health and the world economy. While vaccines are currently under development, passive immunization could offer an alternative strategy to prevent and treat influenza virus infection. Attempts to develop monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been made. However, passive immunization based on mAbs may require a cocktail of mAbs with broader specificity in order to provide full protection since mAbs are generally specific for single epitopes. Chicken immunoglobulins (IgY) found in egg yolk have been used mainly for treatment of infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Because the recent epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) strain H5N1 has resulted in serious economic losses to the poultry industry, many countries including Vietnam have introduced mass vaccination of poultry with H5N1 virus vaccines. We reasoned that IgY from consumable eggs available in supermarkets in Vietnam could provide protection against infections with HPAIV H5N1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that H5N1-specific IgY that are prepared from eggs available in supermarkets in Vietnam by a rapid and simple water dilution method cross-protect against infections with HPAIV H5N1 and related H5N2 strains in mice. When administered intranasally before or after lethal infection, the IgY prevent the infection or significantly reduce viral replication resulting in complete recovery from the disease, respectively. We further generated H1N1 virus-specific IgY by immunization of hens with inactivated H1N1 A/PR/8/34 as a model virus for the current pandemic H1N1/09 and found that such H1N1-specific IgY protect mice from lethal influenza virus infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that readily available H5N1-specific IgY offer an enormous source of valuable biological material to combat a potential H5N1 pandemic. In addition, our study provides a proof-of-concept for the approach using virus-specific IgY as affordable, safe, and effective alternative for the control of influenza outbreaks, including the current H1N1 pandemic.
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea. hhnguyen@ivi.int
authors.forename: Huan H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Terrence M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Tumpey
authors.forename: Hae-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Linh D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Van D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Kilgore
authors.forename: Cecil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Czerkinsky
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Baik Lin
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.forename: Jae Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Young Bong
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hoa T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Tung
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Cam V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001717:Birds; D002645:Chickens; D004531:Eggs / Q000821:virology; D007114:Immunization; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D051379:Mice; D058873:Pandemics / Q000517:prevention & control; D011200:Poultry; D014744:Vietnam
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; C016512:IgY; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D007252:Influenza Vaccines
references.citation: PLoS Med. 2007 May;4(5):e178
references.pmid: 17535101
references.citation: Virol J. 2008 Oct 28;5:130
references.pmid: 18957074
references.citation: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Jul;20 Suppl 1:185-92
references.pmid: 15298626
references.citation: Hong Kong Med J. 2006 Dec;12(6):489
references.pmid: 17148811
references.citation: J Virol. 2009 Jun;83(11):5825-34
references.pmid: 19297490
references.citation: Ups J Med Sci. 2003;108(2):129-40
references.pmid: 14649324
references.citation: Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Oct;11(10):1515-21
references.pmid: 16318689
references.citation: Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008 Sep;43(9):892-9
references.pmid: 18680179
references.citation: Ups J Med Sci. 1999;104(3):179-89
references.pmid: 10680951
references.citation: Lancet. 2000 Mar 4;355(9206):827-35
references.pmid: 10711940
references.citation: Caries Res. 1997;31(4):268-74
references.pmid: 9197932
references.citation: Immunol Today. 1995 Aug;16(8):392-8
references.pmid: 7546196
references.citation: J Clin Immunol. 1986 Jan;6(1):74-86
references.pmid: 3514654
references.citation: Nature. 2005 Oct 20;437(7062):1108
references.pmid: 16228009
references.citation: Clin Chem. 1991 Mar;37(3):411-4
references.pmid: 2004449
references.citation: PLoS One. 2009;4(5):e5476
references.pmid: 19421326
references.citation: Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):77-80
references.pmid: 16210530
references.citation: Immunol Res. 2000;21(1):1-6
references.pmid: 10803878
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 2006 Jun 15;193(12):1626-9
references.pmid: 16703504
references.citation: Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1987 Jun;1(2):459-78
references.pmid: 3332798
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Nov 2;53(22):8421-31
references.pmid: 16248532
references.citation: Epidemiol Infect. 2009 Jan;137(1):1-21
references.pmid: 18700992
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2005 Dec 22;353(25):2667-72
references.pmid: 16371632
references.citation: Respir Res. 2006 Oct 14;7:126
references.pmid: 17040574
references.citation: J Immunol Methods. 1993 Apr 2;160(2):207-14
references.pmid: 8459107
references.citation: Curr Protoc Neurosci. 2009 Jul;Chapter 5:Unit 5.5
references.pmid: 19575471
references.citation: Lancet. 2005 Oct 1;366(9492):1175-81
references.pmid: 16198766
references.citation: J Dairy Sci. 2004 Dec;87(12):4073-9
references.pmid: 15545368
references.citation: Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000 Oct;13(4):602-14
references.pmid: 11023960
references.citation: Dev Biol (Basel). 2007;130:3-167
references.pmid: 18655239
references.citation: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Sep;52(9):3284-92
references.pmid: 18625765
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 1998 Dec;178(6):1592-6
references.pmid: 9815209
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 2001 Feb 1;183(3):368-76
references.pmid: 11133367
references.citation: Immunology. 2000 Dec;101(4):467-73
references.pmid: 11122450
references.citation: Poult Sci. 1993 Oct;72(10):1807-12
references.pmid: 8415358
references.citation: J Virol. 2005 Sep;79(18):11788-800
references.pmid: 16140756
references.citation: Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003 Jun;35(6):433-40
references.pmid: 12746939
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;196(2):249-57
references.pmid: 17570112
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Apr;37(4):937-43
references.pmid: 10074505
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Dec 24;56(24):11638-42
references.pmid: 19053374
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 12;358(24):2573-84
references.pmid: 18550874