title: Functional imaging using diffuse optical spectroscopy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in women with locally advanced breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Functional imaging with tomographic near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) can measure tissue concentration of deoxyhemoglobin (Hb), oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), percent water (%water), and scattering power (SP). In this study, we evaluated tumor DOS parameters and described their relationship to clinical and pathologic outcome in patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients were enrolled and intended to undergo five scans each. Scans were taken up to 3 days before treatment and at 1, 4, and 8 weeks after neoadjuvant treatment before surgery. Changes in volume of interest weighted tissue Hb, HbO2, %water, and SP corresponding to the tumor were compared with clinical and pathologic response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients' tumor volumes of interest were significantly different compared with background tissue for all parameters. Five patients had a good pathologic response. Four patients were considered nonresponders. One patient initially did not respond to chemotherapy but, after a change in chemotherapy, had a good response. In the five patients with a good response, the mean drop in Hb, HbO2, %water, and SP from baseline to the 4-week scan was 67.6% (SD = 20.8), 58.9% (SD = 20.3), 51.2% (SD = 28.3), and 52.6% (SD = 26.4), respectively. In contrast, the four nonresponders had a mean drop of 17.7% (SD = 9.8), 18.0% (SD = 20.8), 15.4% (SD = 11.7), and 12.6% (SD = 10.2) for Hb, HbO2, %water, and SP, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Responders and nonresponders were significantly different for all functional parameters at the 4-week scan, except for %water, which approached significance. Thus, DOS could be used as an early detector of tumor response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Hany
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.forename: Anoma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gunasekara
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rycroft
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zubovits
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dent
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spayne
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Yaffe
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Czarnota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013997:Time Factors; D014054:Tomography; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; D014867:Water; C100003:deoxyhemoglobin