title: Clinical utility of microarray-based gene expression profiling in the diagnosis and subclassification of leukemia: report from the International Microarray Innovations in Leukemia Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Microarray Innovations in Leukemia study assessed the clinical utility of gene expression profiling as a single test to subtype leukemias into conventional categories of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigation was performed in 11 laboratories across three continents and included 3,334 patients. An exploratory retrospective stage I study was designed for biomarker discovery and generated whole-genome expression profiles from 2,143 patients with leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes. The gene expression profiling-based diagnostic accuracy was further validated in a prospective second study stage of an independent cohort of 1,191 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of 2,096 samples, the stage I study achieved 92.2% classification accuracy for all 18 distinct classes investigated (median specificity of 99.7%). In a second cohort of 1,152 prospectively collected patients, a classification scheme reached 95.6% median sensitivity and 99.8% median specificity for 14 standard subtypes of acute leukemia (eight acute lymphoblastic leukemia and six acute myeloid leukemia classes, n = 693). In 29 (57%) of 51 discrepant cases, the microarray results had outperformed routine diagnostic methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gene expression profiling is a robust technology for the diagnosis of hematologic malignancies with high accuracy. It may complement current diagnostic algorithms and could offer a reliable platform for patients who lack access to today's state-of-the-art diagnostic work-up. Our comprehensive gene expression data set will be submitted to the public domain to foster research focusing on the molecular understanding of leukemias.
authors.affiliation: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany. torsten.haferlach@mll-online.com
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haferlach
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kohlmann
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wieczorek
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.forename: Geertruy Te
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Kronnie
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Béné
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Vos
authors.forename: Jesus M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Wolf-Karsten
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Ken I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gilkes
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiaretti
authors.forename: Sheila A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shurtleff
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kipps
authors.forename: Laura Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Rassenti
authors.forename: Allen E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Yeoh
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Papenhausen
authors.forename: Wei-Min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: P Mickey
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Foà
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007938:Leukemia / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
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