title: Analytical methods to detect within-individual changes in discounting.
abstract: Discounting, as a quantifiable measure of impulsivity, is often estimated within individuals via nonlinear regression. Here, we describe how to directly estimate within-individual change of the discounting parameter between 2 conditions and subsequently statistically test for that change using the discounting data from a single individual. To date, there has been no systematic description of how to conduct such an analysis. Employing the method allows investigators and clinicians to evaluate whether a single individual has statistically changed the way he or she discounts between 2 conditions (e.g., in the absence or presence of a pharmacologic, different time points, different rewards, etc.). We further describe a meta-analytic approach for combining estimated changes in discounting from individuals in a sample to make population inference. By providing more precise population estimates, this approach increases statistical power over traditional analytic methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA. rdlandes@uams.edu
authors.forename: Reid D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Landes
authors.forename: Jeffery A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pitcock
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Warren K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Bickel
mesh_terms: D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D007206:Individuality; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design
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