title: Inhibition of HSV-1 attachment, entry, and cell-to-cell spread by functionalized multivalent gold nanoparticles.
abstract: The use of modified nanoparticles in interactions with biological targets is attracting rapidly increasing attention. In this Full Paper, the application of gold nanoparticles capped with mercaptoethanesulfonate (Au-MES NPs) as effective inhibitors of Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection based on their ability to mimic cell-surface-receptor heparan sulfate is described. Mechanistic studies reveal that Au-MES NPs interfere with viral attachment, entry, and cell-to-cell spread, thereby preventing subsequent viral infection in a multimodal manner. The ligand multiplicity achieved with carrier nanoparticles is crucial in generating polyvalent interactions with the virus at high specificity, strength, and efficiency. Such multivalent-nanoparticle-mediated inhibition is a promising approach for alternative antiviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baram-Pinto
authors.forename: Sourabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Aharon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gedanken
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D015080:Mesna / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D014709:Vero Cells; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006046:Gold; D015080:Mesna