title: Limb complications following pre-hospital tourniquet use.
abstract: It has been stated that the application of a pre-hospital tourniquet could prevent 7% of combat deaths, however their widespread use has been questioned due to the potential risk from prolonged ischaemia. We reviewed members of the UK Armed Forces who sustained severe limb-threatening injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan, and performed a matched cohort study based on the presence or absence of pre-hospital tourniquet application. When a pre-hospital tourniquet had been applied, 19/22 patients had a least one complication compared to 15/22 where no tourniquet had been applied [p = 0.13]. There were 10 limbs with at least one major complication in the pre-hospital tourniquet group but only four in the group with no tourniquet [p = 0.045]. The significant difference in the incidence of major complications is a concern, particularly as the difference was mainly due to a deep infection rate of 32% vs. 4.5%. Although a number of variables could have influenced these small groups, such as choice of fracture fixation implant and method and timing of wound closure, the use of a matched cohort study design with a statistical significance level of p < 0.05, suggests the use of a pre-hospital tourniquet as a factor. Although the use of pre-hospital tourniquets cannot be decried as a result of this study, the need to continually prospectively review their use to determine their risk/benefit ratio remains.
authors.affiliation: MDHU Frimley Park, Portsmouth Road, Camberley Surrey. jonclasper@aol.co.uk
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Clasper
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D000346:Afghanistan; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000628:therapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007493:Iraq; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014111:Tourniquets / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006113:United Kingdom; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult