title: Long-term noninvasive arrhythmia assessment after surgical repair of sinus venosus atrial septal defect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) has been successfully repaired with low risk for many years. Postoperative arrhythmias have not been comprehensively described. We sought to define the prevalence of late arrhythmias after surgical closure of the SVASD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional noninvasive arrhythmia evaluation of patients > or =6 years of age, who had surgical repair of an isolated SVASD at a single institution from 1987 to 2004, to assess for sinus node dysfunction (SND), atrioventricular (AV) block, and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Evaluation included an electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, 24-hour Holter monitor, and exercise stress test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty subjects were evaluated 10.1 +/- 4.7 years (range 3.3-20.4 years) after operative repair. Mean age at surgical repair was 6.4 +/- 8.1 years (range 1.3-45.7 years). Anatomic subtype was either superior vena cava- (SVC) (n = 24) or inferior vena cava- (IVC) type (n = 6). Type of surgical repair included: single patch (n = 13), double patch (n = 6), and Warden (n = 5) for SVC-type. All IVC-type had single patch repair. Overall, 50% (n = 15) of patients showed some evidence of SND, which is significantly associated with a longer duration of follow-up (P= .03). High-grade AV block and complex tachyarrhythmias were not seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that postoperative SVASD patients have a significant prevalence of SND, which may increase with duration of follow-up. These patients warrant ongoing clinical surveillance for the potential development of signs and symptoms of SND.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. glatz@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Glatz
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Paridon
authors.forename: Meryl S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: J William
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gaynor
authors.forename: Ronn E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Tanel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D055815:Young Adult