title: Cross-species assessments of motor and exploratory behavior related to bipolar disorder.
abstract: Alterations in exploratory behavior are a fundamental feature of bipolar mania, typically characterized as motor hyperactivity and increased goal-directed behavior in response to environmental cues. In contrast, abnormal exploration associated with schizophrenia and depression can manifest as prominent withdrawal, limited motor activity, and inattention to the environment. While motor abnormalities are cited frequently as clinical manifestations of these disorders, relatively few empirical studies have quantified human exploratory behavior. This article reviews the literature characterizing motor and exploratory behavior associated with bipolar disorder and genetic and pharmacological animal models of the illness. Despite sophisticated assessment of exploratory behavior in rodents, objective quantification of human motor activity has been limited primarily to actigraphy studies with poor cross-species translational value. Furthermore, symptoms that reflect the cardinal features of bipolar disorder have proven difficult to establish in putative animal models of this illness. Recently, however, novel tools such as the human behavioral pattern monitor provide multivariate translational measures of motor and exploratory activity, enabling improved understanding of the neurobiology underlying psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA. blhenry@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Brook L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Arpi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minassian
authors.forename: Jared W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Martin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity
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