title: Exploring differences in drug doses between Japan and Western countries.
abstract: Japan is unique among Asian countries in that it requires inclusion of substantial domestic clinical trial data in new drug application data packages. Some question the need for this and call for globalization of approved doses. The current study examines international differences in maximum daily dose of drugs approved in Japan between 2001 and 2007, and for all cardiovascular system (CVS) and central nervous system (CNS) drugs marketed in Japan. For 32% of the drugs approved in Japan between 2001 and 2007, the maximum recommended dose in the United States was > or =2 times higher than the maximum dose approved in Japan. Dose differences were rare for antitumor and antiviral drugs and also for priority-review and orphan drugs. Of all the price-listed CVS drugs currently available in Japan, 65% had maximum doses that were > or =2 times higher in the Netherlands than in Japan; similarly, 57% of the drugs had maximum doses that were > or =2 times higher in the United States than in Japan. For CNS drugs, these figures were 32% (the Netherlands) and 29% (United States). These results underscore the necessity to carry out quantitative analyses to determine the causes of these differences.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ono
mesh_terms: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017277:Drug Approval / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D009426:Netherlands; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations