Hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and the development of cardiovascular risk: a joint primacy.
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an inordinate risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition to the metabolic state of uremia, the CKD-associated risk is partly explainable by unique cofactors such as dyslipidemia, systemic inflammation, and exposures that occur during renal replacement therapies. However, the comorbid condition of hypertension also enhances risk in patients with CKD. New observations suggest that diminished glomerular filtration rate and hypertension share primacy in the development of cardiovascular illness.
Middleton
John P
JP
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA. j.p.middleton@duke.edu
Pun
Patrick H
PH
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002319:Cardiovascular System; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014511:Uremia