title: The science of pain measurement and the frustration of clinical pain assessment: does an individualized numerical rating scale bridge the gap for children with intellectual disabilities?
authors.affiliation: Dalhousie University, School of Nursing, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3J5 Tel.: +1 902 470 7938.
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Breau
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications*; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*
references.citation: Breau LM, Finley GA, McGrath PJ, Camfield CS. Validation of the non-communicating children's pain checklist-postoperative version. Anesthesiology. 2002;96:528-535.
references.citation: Collignon P, Giusiano B. Validation of a pain evaluation scale for patients with severe cerebral palsy. Eur J Pain. 2001;5:433-442.
references.citation: Fanurik D, Koh JL, Schmitz ML, Harrison RD, Conrad TM. Children with cognitive impairment: parent report of pain and coping. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1999;20:228-234.
references.citation: Gauthier JC, Finley GA, McGrath PJ. Children's self-report of postoperative pain intensity and treatment threshold: determining the adequacy of medication. Clin J Pain. 1998;14:116-120.
references.citation: Hunt A, Goldman A, Seers K, Crichton N, Mastroyannopoulou K, Moffat V, Oulton K, Brady M. Clinical validation of the paediatric pain profile. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2004;46:9-18.
references.citation: McGrath PJ, Rosmus C, Camfield C, Campbell MA, Hennigar AW. Behaviours caregivers use to determine pain in non-verbal, cognitively impaired individuals. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1998;40:340-343.
references.citation: Rollman GB, Abdel-Shaheed J, Gillespie JM, Jones KS. Does past pain influence current pain: biological and psychosocial models of sex differences. Eur J Pain. 2004;8:427-433.
references.citation: Solodiuk JC, Scott-Sutherland J, Myers M, Myette B, Shusterman C, Karian VE, Harris SK, Curley MAQ. Validation of the Individualized Numeric Rating Scale (INRS): A pain assessment tool for nonverbal children with intellectual disability. Pain. 2010;150:231-236.
references.citation: von Baeyer CL, Spagrud LJ. Systematic review of observational (behavioral) measures of pain for children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years. Pain. 2007;127:140-150.