title: Assessing the effects of acetochlor on soil fungal communities by DGGE and clone library analysis.
abstract: We assessed the potential eco-toxicological risks of the herbicide acetochlor on fungal communities in the microcosm of black soil using 28S rRNA gene-PCR-DGGE and clone library analysis. The acetochlor was applied to black soil at four concentrations (0-control, 50, 150, and 250 mg/kg). The DGGE fingerprint patterns indicated that acetochlor stimulated fungal communities at day 7 after application, after which there was a suppression effect. The fungal communities in acetochlor-treated soil gradually became more like that of the control during the 60-day experimental period. Diversity indices in the 50 and 150 mg/kg acetochlor treatments changed more rapidly than in the 250 mg/kg acetochlor treatment. The cluster analysis indicated a significant change in fungal community structure after application of acetochlor. The impacts were markedly greater in the 150 and 250 mg/kg acetochlor treatments compared with the 50 mg/kg acetochlor treatment. Sequencing of clones showed that acetochlor application resulted in an increase in pathogenic and non-cultivatable fungal populations, which could increase the risk of plant disease outbreaks.
authors.affiliation: Microbial Resources and Ecology Group, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xin-Yu
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhen-Cheng
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng-Gang
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hui-Wen
mesh_terms: D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D015723:Gene Library; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S / Q000235:genetics; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014052:Toluidines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014052:Toluidines; C043377:acetochlor
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