title: Direct measurement of patient's entrance skin dose during neurointerventional procedure to avoid further radiation-induced skin injuries.
abstract: Although several cases of radiation-induced skin injury (RSI) have been reported in association with neurointerventional procedures such as endovascular embolization for cerebral aneurysm, cerebral arteriovenous malformation, and dural arteriovenous fistula, in most cases the absorbed doses are not measured directly; therefore, we built the first direct measurement system that enables the ideal dosimetry for entrance skin dose (ESD) during neurointerventional procedures to be easily determined. This system was then applied to a 55-year-old man who underwent two transvenous embolizations with a 2-month interval, for a right cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula, to establish the efficacy of precise mapping of ESDs. Throughout the procedures, the patient wore a fitted dosimetry cap that contained 60 radiophotoluminescence glass dosimeter (RPLGD) chips. After the first procedure, temporary epilation occurred in the occipital region. Precise mapping of ESDs revealed that this region was exposed to 4.2Gy. In the first procedure, the X-ray tube was generally positioned straight for an optimal posterior-anterior view; however, in the second procedure we intermittently used the second-best position to prevent further RSI. In this position, the maximum ESD was 1.0Gy in the right posterior-temporal region and the epilation site was exposed to </=0.7Gy. Thus, the patient did not develop any further epilation. We conclude that direct dosimetry using multiple RPLGDs can accurately reveal the maximum ESD and that precise information regarding ESD can prevent further RSIs from subsequent procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moritake
authors.forename: Fumikatsu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Tomoji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takigawa
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koguchi
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akahane
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumaru
mesh_terms: D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D049449:Luminescence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009777:Occipital Bone; D010690:Phlebography; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D011874:Radiometry; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects*