title: Functional connectivity between task-positive and task-negative brain areas and its relation to working memory performance.
abstract: Functional brain imaging studies have identified a set of brain areas typically activated during cognitive tasks (task-positive brain areas) and another set of brain areas typically deactivated during cognitive tasks (task-negative brain areas). Negative correlations, or anticorrelations, between task-positive and task-negative brain areas have been reported at rest. Furthermore, the strength of these anticorrelations appears to be related to cognitive function. However, studies examining anticorrelations have typically employed global regression or similar analysis steps that force anticorrelated relationships to exist between brain areas. Therefore the validity of these findings has been questioned. Here we examine anticorrelations between a task-negative region in the medial frontal gyrus/anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a classic task-positive area, using an analysis that does not include global regression. Instead, we control for whole-brain correlations in the group-level analysis. Using this approach, we demonstrate that the strength of the functional connection between the medial frontal cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is related to cognitive function and that this relationship is not an artifact of global regression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. michelle.hampson@yale.edu
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hampson
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Driesen
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: R Todd
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Constable
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016011:Normal Distribution
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 1997 Fall;9(5):648-63
references.pmid: 23965122
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2007 Oct 1;37(4):1286-300
references.pmid: 17689982
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1995 Aug;34(2):201-12
references.pmid: 7476079
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2006 Jul 15;31(4):1536-48
references.pmid: 16632379
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2006 Jan 1;29(1):54-66
references.pmid: 16099175
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 2000 Jul;44(1):162-7
references.pmid: 10893535
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jul 5;102(27):9673-8
references.pmid: 15976020
references.citation: Radiology. 2002 Jul;224(1):184-92
references.pmid: 12091681
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2009 Feb 1;44(3):857-69
references.pmid: 18951982
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 2000 Jan;12(1):1-47
references.pmid: 10769304
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2009 Oct 1;47(4):1448-59
references.pmid: 19446646
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2005 Sep;26(1):15-29
references.pmid: 15852468
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2009 Feb 1;44(3):893-905
references.pmid: 18976716
references.citation: Magn Reson Imaging. 2009 Oct;27(8):1058-64
references.pmid: 19695814
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2008 Jan 1;39(1):527-37
references.pmid: 17919929
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2005 May;25(1):46-59
references.pmid: 15846822
references.citation: Brain Res Bull. 2001 Feb;54(3):287-98
references.pmid: 11287133
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Jan 28;29(4):1191-201
references.pmid: 19176827
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 Dec 20;26(51):13338-43
references.pmid: 17182784
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jan 7;100(1):253-8
references.pmid: 12506194