title: HIV prevalence, sexual and behavioral correlates among Shan, Hill tribe, and Thai male  sex workers in Northern Thailand.
abstract: This paper reports demographic characteristics, HIV prevalence, and correlates among male sex workers (MSW) in Chiangmai, Thailand. A behavioral assessment survey was included as part of the Thailand Ministry of Public Health HIV sentinel surveillance conducted during June 2003. A sample of 181 MSW from 14 sex establishments around Chiangmai who self-identified as sex workers were interviewed. Non-Thai MSW made up half of the sample (48.6%), with the majority being of Shan ethnicity (64.7%). Thai MSW were significantly more likely to report having had receptive anal intercourse (38.0% vs. 11.8%, p < 0.001) and to have higher HIV prevalence than non-Thai MSW(11.8% vs. 3.4%, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, having one or more than one steady male partner in the past month (Odds Ratio: 5.56, 95% Confidence Intervals: 1.13-27.27 and 8.29, 2.01-34.20, respectively), and being older than 21 years (2.26, 1.04-4.90) were significantly and independently associated with prevalent HIV infection. While Thai MSW had higher HIV prevalence and engage in riskier activities, culturally appropriate education and outreach activities are still needed for the large number of ethnic minority MSW, particularly Shan MSW.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, PA, USA. teg10@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Guadamuz
authors.forename: Piyada
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kunawararak
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beyrer
authors.forename: Jitrat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pumpaisanchai
authors.forename: Chongyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Celentano
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups; D015995:Prevalence; D011477:Sex Work / Q000208:ethnology*; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult