title: Identification of a novel second-generation circulating recombinant form (CRF48_01B) in Malaysia: a descendant of the previously identified CRF33_01B.
abstract: A molecular epidemiological investigation conducted among injecting drug users in eastern Peninsular Malaysia in 2007 identified a cluster of sequences (n = 3) located outside any known HIV-1 genotype. Analyses of near full-length nucleotide sequences of these strains from individuals with no recognizable linkage revealed that they have an identical subtype structure comprised of CRF01_AE and subtype B', distinct from any known circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). This novel CRF, designated CRF48_01B, is closely related to CRF33_01B, previously identified in Kuala Lumpur. Phylogenetic analysis of multiple CRF48_01B genome regions showed that CRF48_01B forms a monophyletic cluster within CRF33_01B, suggesting that this new recombinant is very likely a descendant of CRF33_01B. CRF48_01B thus represents one of the first examples of a "second-generation" CRF, generated by additional crossover with pre-existing CRFs. Corroborating these results, Bayesian molecular clock analyses indicated that CRF48_01B emerged in approximately 2001, approximately approximately 8 years after the emergence of CRF33_01B.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Epidemiology, AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kok Keng
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Tee
authors.forename: Huanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Saiki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uenishi
authors.forename: Xiao-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Takayo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuchiura
authors.forename: Rongge
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sumathi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Govindasamy
authors.forename: Yean Kong
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: Hong Yien
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Oliver G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Pybus
authors.forename: Adeeba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamarulzaman
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takebe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors