title: Regulation of MCP-1 chemokine transcription by p53.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our previous studies showed that the expression of the monocyte-chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, a chemokine, which triggers the infiltration and activation of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, is abrogated in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive premalignant and malignant cells. In silico analysis of the MCP-1 upstream region proposed a putative p53 binding side about 2.5 kb upstream of the transcriptional start. The aim of this study is to monitor a physiological role of p53 in this process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proposed p53 binding side could be confirmed in vitro by electrophoretic-mobility-shift assays and in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Moreover, the availability of p53 is apparently important for chemokine regulation, since TNF-alpha can induce MCP-1 only in human keratinocytes expressing the viral oncoprotein E7, but not in HPV16 E6 positive cells, where p53 becomes degraded. A general physiological role of p53 in MCP-1 regulation was further substantiated in HPV-negative cells harboring a temperature-sensitive mutant of p53 and in Li-Fraumeni cells, carrying a germ-line mutation of p53. In both cases, non-functional p53 leads to diminished MCP-1 transcription upon TNF-alpha treatment. In addition, siRNA directed against p53 decreased MCP-1 transcription after TNF-alpha addition, directly confirming a crosstalk between p53 and MCP-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the concept that p53 inactivation during carcinogenesis also affects immune surveillance by interfering with chemokine expression and in turn communication with cells of the immunological compartment.
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Forschungsschwerpunkt Infektion und Krebs, Abteilung Virale Transformationsmechanismen, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hacke
authors.forename: Bladimiro
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rincon-Orozco
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buchwalter
authors.forename: Simone Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Siehler
authors.forename: Bohdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wasylyk
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wiesmüller
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rösl
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
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