Omega-3 fatty acids: potential role in the management of early Alzheimer's disease.
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for brain growth and development. They play an important role throughout life, as critical modulators of neuronal function and regulation of oxidative stress mechanisms, in brain health and disease. Docosahexanoic acid (DHA), the major omega-3 fatty acid found in neurons, has taken on a central role as a target for therapeutic intervention in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A plethora of in vitro, animal model, and human data, gathered over the past decade, highlight the important role DHA may play in the development of a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including AD. Cross sectional and prospective cohort data have demonstrated that reduced dietary intake or low brain levels of DHA are associated with accelerated cognitive decline or the development of incipient dementia, including AD. Several clinical trials investigating the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in AD have been completed and all failed to demonstrate its efficacy in the treatment of AD. However, these trials produced intriguing data suggesting that the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may depend on the stage of disease, other dietary mediators, and apolipoprotein E status.
Jicha
Gregory A
GA
University of Kentucky, Alzheimer's Disease Center and the Sanders-Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0230, USA. gajich2@email.uky.edu
Markesbery
William R
WR
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000178:diet therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies
D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids
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