title: RapidArc planning and delivery in patients with locally advanced head-and-neck cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Volumetric modulated arc therapy (RapidArc, Varian Medical Systems) permits the delivery of highly conformal dose distributions. We studied planning and delivery in patients who underwent RapidArc for locally advanced head-and-neck cancer (HNC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 35 consecutive patients who completed RapidArc with concurrent chemotherapy for Stages III-IV tumors of the oro- and hypopharynx/larynx in our center were identified. All underwent bilateral neck irradiation and 21 patients had at least N2 disease. A simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) delivered 70 Gy (in 2 Gy/fraction) to the planning target volume (PTV)(boost) and elective nodal regions (PTV(elect)) received 57.75 Gy. A standard planning constraint set was used and constraints for parotid glands were individually adapted. Treatments were delivered using two arcs after all plans were verified in a solid water phantom using GafChromic External Beam Therapy films.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RapidArc planning generally took 1.5-2 h, which was faster than with our previous seven-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy sliding window technique. Film dosimetry revealed that 0.6% of films exceeded a combination of dose differences ≥3% or distance to agreement ≥2 mm. More than 99% of both PTVs received ≥95% of the prescription dose. Average plan conformity index was 1.13 and mean dose to ipsilateral and contralateral parotid glands were 31.4 Gy and 26.1 Gy, respectively. The mean beam-on time was <3 min and mean number of monitor units was 426.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RapidArc achieved excellent target coverage and normal tissue sparing, with delivery completed in less than 3 min. RA is currently our standard intensity-modulated radiotherapy approach for advanced HNC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.doornaert@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Doornaert
authors.forename: Wilko F A R
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Verbakel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bieker
authors.forename: Ben J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Slotman
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senan
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005373:Film Dosimetry; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D058958:Organs at Risk / Q000528:radiation effects; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents