title: Sensitivity of two noninvasive blood pressure measurement techniques compared to telemetry in cynomolgus monkeys and beagle dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Animals are commonly used in toxicological research for the evaluation of drug effects on the cardiovascular system. Accurate and reproducible determination of blood pressure (BP) in conscious, manually restrained monkeys and dogs is a challenge with current non-invasive cuff techniques. The High Definition Oscillometry (HDO) technique enables real time measurements with immediate visual feedback via PC screen on data validity. HDO measurements are considerably faster with a duration of approximately 8 to 15s than conventional cuff methods that can take several minutes.
  
  
  METHODS
  HDO Memo Diagnostic Model Science and Cardell BP Monitor Model 9401 measurements were compared for accuracy and reliability with simultaneously recorded direct blood pressure data captured via radiotelemetry. Six monkeys and six dogs implanted with DSI PCT telemetry transmitters were used; BP data were collected by all methods under manual constraint and compared. Measurements were performed with HDO and Cardell in the presence of a BP lowering drug (hexamethonium bromide). Systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure, and pulse rate were determined before, during and following up to 10mg/kg hexamethonium administration via intravenous slow bolus injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drug induced hemodynamic changes could be detected in monkeys and dogs with the HDO method but only in dogs with the Cardell method. Correlation coefficients were generally higher for HDO versus Telemetry than Cardell versus Telemetry comparisons, indicating that this novel, non-invasive technique produces reliable blood pressure data and is able to detect drug-induced hemodynamic changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HDO provides an alternative approach for invasive telemetry surgeries to obtain reliable hemodynamic data in animal models for cardiovascular research when invasive techniques are not warranted.
authors.affiliation: Covance Laboratories Inc., 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, Wisconsin 53704-2595, United States. andrea.mitchell@covance.com
authors.forename: Andrea Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Carrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: Tom W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: R Dustan
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Sarazan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001331:Automation; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D018738:Hexamethonium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D009991:Oscillometry; D013686:Telemetry / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D018738:Hexamethonium