title: In vivo proliferation of postmitotic cochlear supporting cells by acute ablation of the retinoblastoma protein in neonatal mice.
abstract: Cochlear hair cells (HCs) are mechanosensory receptors that transduce sound into electrical signals. HC damage in nonmammalian vertebrates induces surrounding supporting cells (SCs) to divide, transdifferentiate and replace lost HCs; however, such spontaneous HC regeneration does not occur in the mammalian cochlea. Here, we acutely ablate the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), a crucial cell cycle regulator, in two subtypes of postmitotic SCs (pillar and Deiters' cells) using an inducible Cre line, Prox1-CreER(T2). Inactivation of Rb in these SCs results in cell cycle reentry of both pillar and Deiters' cells, and completion of cell division with an increase in cell number of pillar cells. Interestingly, nuclei of Rb(-/-) mitotic pillar and Deiters' cells migrate toward the HC layer and divide near the epithelial surface in a manner similar to the SCs in the regenerating avian auditory epithelium. In contrast to postmitotic Rb(-/-) HCs which abort cell division, postmitotic Rb(-/-) pillar cells can proliferate, maintain their SC fate and survive for more than a week. However, no newly formed HCs are detected and SC death followed by HC loss occurs. Our studies accomplish a crucial step toward functional HC regeneration in the mammalian cochlea in vivo, demonstrating the critical role of Rb in maintaining quiescence of postmitotic pillar and Deiters' cells and highlighting the heterogeneity between these two cell types. Therefore, the combination of transient Rb inactivation and further manipulation of transcription factors (i.e., Atoh1 activation) in SCs may represent an effective therapeutic avenue for HC regeneration in the mammalian cochlea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
authors.forename: Yiling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Marcus B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Valentine
authors.forename: Brandon C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zuo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology*; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein