title: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors: the first decade.
abstract: The treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) drastically changed with the introduction of imatinib mesylate, a Bcr-Abl1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in 1998. By directly targeting this leukemogenic protein kinase, imatinib affords patients with CML sustained chromosomal remissions, which translate into prolonged survival. However, there has been concern over the emergence of resistance to imatinib, and some patients fail to respond or are intolerant of imatinib therapy because of untoward toxicity. This has spurred interest in developing novel TKIs to overcome the mechanisms of resistance that lead to treatment failure-most importantly, Bcr-Abl1 kinase domain mutations. Two of these second-generation TKIs, nilotinib and dasatinib, are approved worldwide for the treatment of CML after imatinib failure or intolerance. Although these agents are active, they fail in many patients because of the development of highly resistant mutations such as the T315I, against which several novel agents are currently being tested in clinical trials. This review provides an account of the progress made in the field of TKI therapy for CML over the past decade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Meetu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Ravin J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quintás-Cardama
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001549:Benzamides; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D001549:Benzamides; D009570:Nitriles; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011804:Quinolines; C471992:bosutinib; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl