title: Dietary phylloquinone and menaquinones intakes and risk of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether dietary phylloquinone and menaquinones intakes are related to risk of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from a prospective cohort study in 38,094 Dutch men and women, aged 20-70 years. Dietary phylloquinone and menaquinones intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Diabetes case patients were ascertained mainly via self-report and verified against medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 10.3 years of follow-up, 918 incident cases of diabetes were documented. In a multivariate model adjusting for diabetes risk factors and dietary factors, phylloquinone intake tended to be associated (P = 0.08) with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.81 (95% CI 0.66-0.99) for the highest versus the lowest quartile. For menaquinones intake, a linear, inverse association (P = 0.038) with risk of type 2 diabetes was observed with an HR of 0.93 (0.87-1.00) for each 10-microg increment in the multivariate model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that both phylloquinone and menaquinones intakes may be associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. j.beulens@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Joline W J
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Beulens
authors.forename: Daphne L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: van der A
authors.forename: Diederick E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grobbee
authors.forename: Ivonne
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sluijs
authors.forename: Annemieke M W
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Spijkerman
authors.forename: Yvonne T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: van der Schouw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D010837:Vitamin K 1 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D024482:Vitamin K 2; D010837:Vitamin K 1