title: Influence of the live cell DNA marker DRAQ5 on chromatin-associated processes.
abstract: In the last decade, live cell fluorescence microscopy experiments have revolutionized cellular and molecular biology, enabling the localization of proteins within cellular compartments to be analysed and to determine kinetic parameters of enzymatic reactions in living nuclei to be measured. Recently, in vivo DNA labelling by DNA-stains such as DRAQ5, has provided the opportunity to measure kinetic reactions of GFP-fused proteins in targeted areas of the nucleus with different chromatin compaction levels. To verify the suitability of combining DRAQ5-staining with protein dynamic measurements, we have tested the cellular consequences of DRAQ5 DNA intercalation. We show that DRAQ5 intercalation rapidly modifies both the localization and the mobility properties of several DNA-binding proteins such as histones, DNA repair, replication and transcription factors, by stimulating a release of these proteins from their substrate. Most importantly, the effect of DRAQ5 on the mobility of essential cellular enzymes results in a potent inhibition of the corresponding cellular functions. From these observations, we suggest that great caution must be used when interpreting live cell data obtained using DRAQ5.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pierre-Olivier
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Verbiest
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabbioneda
authors.forename: Audrey M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gourdin
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wijgers
authors.forename: Christoffel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dinant
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giglia-Mari
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects*; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007364:Intercalating Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C520537:1,5-bis((2-(methylamino)ethyl)amino)-4,8-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione; D000880:Anthraquinones; D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones; D007364:Intercalating Agents; D004247:DNA