title: The impact of family and community violence on children's depression trajectories: examining the interactions of violence exposure, family social support, and gender.
abstract: This longitudinal study used multilevel modeling to examine the relationships between witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV), community and school violence exposure (CSVE), family social support, gender, and depression over 2 years within a sample of 100 school-aged children. We found significant between-child differences in both the initial levels of depression and the trajectories of depression; depression over time was positively associated with change in witnessing IPV and CSVE and negatively associated with change in support. Two significant 3-way interactions were found: Gender and initial support, as well as gender and initial witnessing IPV, both significantly moderated the effect of change in witnessing IPV on the children's depression over time.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, Michigan State University, 254 Baker Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. kenne258@msu.edu
authors.forename: Angie C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bybee
authors.forename: Cris M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greeson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D014754:Violence