Premalignant breast neoplasia: a paradigm of interlesional and intralesional molecular heterogeneity and its biological and clinical ramifications.
As is well established in invasive breast disease, it is becoming increasingly clear that molecular heterogeneity, both between and within lesions, is a prevalent, distinct phenotype of premalignant lesions of the breast. Key pathways of tumorigenesis modulate critical features of premalignant lesions such as proliferation, differentiation, stress response, and even the generation of diversity. Current studies show that evaluation of these lesions may provide clinically useful information on future tumor formation as well as biological insights into the origin and functional significance of this distinct phenotype.
Berman
Hal K
HK
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Gauthier
Mona L
ML
Tlsty
Thea D
TD
D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors