title: In vivo anthelmintic activity of five alkaloids from Macleaya microcarpa (Maxim) Fedde against Dactylogyrus intermedius in Carassius auratus.
abstract: The present study aims to evaluate the anthelmintic properties of aerial part of Macleaya microcarpa (Maxim) Fedde. Bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation of the compounds with anthelmintic activity were performed on the ethanolic extract of M. microcarpa yielding five bioactive alkaloids namely: sanguinarine, cryptopine, beta-allocryptopine, protopine and 6-methoxyl-dihydro-chelerythrine by comparing spectral data (UV, NMR, and EI-MS) with literature values. According to in vivo anthelmintic assays, they were found to be 100% effective at the concentrations of 0.7, 8.0, 8.0, 16.0 and 7.0 mgl(-1), and the median effective concentration (EC(50)) values for the five compounds were 0.37, 3.31, 4.64, 8.13 and 3.63 mgl(-1), respectively. Additionally, the acute toxicity on goldfish for the five active compounds was also investigated with median lethal concentrations (LC(50)) values of 1.13, 16.12, 15.88, 21.69 and 10.91 mgl(-1), respectively. The resulting therapeutic indices for sanguinarine, cryptopine, beta-allocryptopine, protopine and 6-methoxyl-dihydro-chelerythrine were 3.03, 4.82, 3.40, 2.66 and 2.99 correspondingly. Correlations analysis between the logP and EC(50), LC(50) of the five alkaloids revealed that the activity of the five alkaloids was well correlated with their hydrophobicity and r(2)=0.45 is for anthelmintic activity while r(2)=0.47 is for acute toxicity for goldfish, respectively. These results provided evidence that the studied plant extract, as well as the isolated compounds, especially sanguinarine, might be potential plant-based medicines for the treatment of D. intermedius infection.
authors.affiliation: Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. wanggaoxue@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Gao-Xue
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Dong-Xin
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jian-Fu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liang-Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006054:Goldfish; D006374:Helminthiasis, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D028101:Papaveraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010986:Platyhelminths / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000871:Anthelmintics