title: Murine coronavirus induces type I interferon in oligodendrocytes through recognition by RIG-I and MDA5.
abstract: The murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) induced the expression of type I interferon (alpha/beta interferon [IFN-alpha/beta]) in mouse oligodendrocytic N20.1 cells. This induction is completely dependent on virus replication, since infection with UV light-inactivated virus could no longer induce IFN-alpha/beta. We show that MHV infection activated both transcription factors, the IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), as evidenced by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF-3 and an increased promoter binding activity for IRF-3 and NF-kappaB. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) was induced by MHV infection. Knockdown of RIG-I by small interfering RNAs blocked the activation of IRF-3 and subsequent IFN-alpha/beta production induced by MHV infection. Knockdown of another cytoplasmic receptor, the melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), by small interfering RNAs also blocked IFN-beta induction. These results demonstrate that MHV is recognized by both RIG-I and MDA5 and induces IFN-alpha/beta through the activation of the IRF-3 signaling pathway. However, knockdown of RIG-I only partially blocked NF-kappaB activity induced by MHV infection and inhibition of NF-kappaB activity by a decoy peptide inhibitor had little effect on IFN-alpha/beta production. These data suggest that activation of the NF-kappaB pathway might not play a critical role in IFN-alpha/beta induction by MHV infection in oligodendrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xuming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1; D051379:Mice; D006517:Murine hepatitis virus / Q000276:immunology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000821:virology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D021381:Protein Transport
chemical_list: D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3; D007370:Interferon Type I; D016328:NF-kappa B; C503356:Ddx58 protein, mouse; C510592:Ifih1 protein, mouse; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1