title: Presence of different beta-lactamase classes among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa expressing AmpC beta-lactamase enzyme.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are difficult to treat as the majority of isolates exhibit varying degrees of beta-lactamase mediated resistance to most of the beta-lactam antibiotics. It is also not unusual to find a single isolate that expresses multiple beta-lactamase enzymes, further complicating the treatment options. Thus the present study was designed to investigate the coexistence of different beta-lactamase enzymes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 202 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were tested for the presence of AmpC beta-lactamase, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo beta-lactamase (MBL) enzyme. Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase was performed by disk antagonism test and a modified three-dimensional method, whereas detection of ESBL was done by the combined disk diffusion method per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and MBL were detected by the Imipenem EDTA disk potentiation test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 120 (59.4%) isolates were confirmed to be positive for AmpC beta-lactamase. Among them, 14 strains (7%) were inducible AmpC producers. Co-production of AmpC along with extended spectrum beta-lactamase and metallo beta-lactamase was reported in 3.3% and 46.6% isolates respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study emphasizes the high prevalence of multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa producing beta-lactamase enzymes of diverse mechanisms. Thus proper antibiotic policy and measures to restrict the indiscriminative use of cephalosporins and carbapenems should be taken to minimize the emergence of this multiple beta-lactamase producing pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. supriya.mcb@gmail.com
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.forename: Malay Ranjan
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Amitabha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhattacharjee
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000145:classification*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001618:beta-Lactamases