title: Membrane permeabilization and cellular death of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as induced by high pressure carbon dioxide treatment.
abstract: In this study, the relationship between (irreversible) membrane permeabilization and loss of viability in Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells subjected to high pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) treatment at different process conditions including temperature (35-45 degrees C), pressure (10.5-21.0 MPa) and treatment time (0-60 min) was examined. Loss of membrane integrity was measured as increased uptake of the fluorescent dye propidium iodide (PI) with spectrofluorometry, while cell inactivation was determined by viable cell count. Uptake of PI by all three strains indicated that membrane damage is involved in the mechanism of HPCD inactivation of vegetative cells. The extent of membrane permeabilization and cellular death increased with the severity of the HPCD treatment. The resistance of the three tested organisms to HPCD treatment changed as a function of treatment time, leading to significant tailing in the survival curves, and was dependent on pressure and temperature. The results in this study also indicated a HPCD-induced damage on nucleic acids during cell inactivation. Transmission electron microscopy showed that HPCD treatment had a profound effect on the intracellular organization of the micro-organisms and influenced the permeability of the bacterial cells by introducing pores in the cell wall.
authors.affiliation: Business Unit Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garcia-Gonzalez
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Geeraerd
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mast
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Briers
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Elst
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Ginneken
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Van Impe
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Devlieghere
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects*; D011419:Propidium / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D011419:Propidium