title: Outcome in children bridged and nonbridged to cardiac transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart transplantation (HTx) in children with end-stage heart disease has become an accepted treatment option.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate our results of pediatric cardiac transplantation with vs without bridge methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 31 patients (34 transplantations) younger than 18 years who underwent orthotopic HTx between March 1995 and December 2008. Ten patients were girls, and 21 were boys. Preoperative diagnoses included cardiomyopathy (n=20), congenital heart disease (n=7), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n=2), restrictive cardiomyopathy (n=1), and ischemic cardiomyopathy (n=1). Mean (SD) ischemia time was 185 (72) minutes. Thirty-day mortality was 6%, and was due to primary graft failure (n=2). Overall follow-up was 4.36 (3.93) years. Eleven patients underwent bridge techniques before HTx, and 11 patients required perioperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or ventricular assist device support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the group that received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, 8 patients (73%) were successfully weaned and discharged with excellent functional class. There were no differences in operative mortality, functional class, survival, rejection, and infection rates between the bridged and nonbridged groups. Overall actuarial 1- and 5-year survival rates were 93% and 83%, respectively. All survivors had good functional class.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate satisfactory medium-term outcome of HTx in selected pediatric patients with end-stage heart disease. Using bridge methods in children at high risk can increase the opportunity to receive a donor heart. These bridge methods achieve similar postoperative outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000601:surgery; D002313:Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology*; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents