title: The role of high-fructose corn syrup in metabolic syndrome and hypertension.
abstract: Obesity and related diseases are an important and growing health concern in the United States and around the world. Soft drinks and other sugar-sweetened beverages are now the primary sources of added sugars in Americans' diets. The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of common pathologies, including abdominal obesity linked to an excess of visceral fat, fatty liver, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Trends in all of these alterations are related to the consumption of dietary fructose and the introduction of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as a sweetener in soft drinks and other foods. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests a progressive association between HFCS consumption, obesity, and the other injury processes. However, experimental HFCS consumption seems to produce some of the changes associated with metabolic syndrome even without increasing the body weight. Metabolic damage associated with HFCS probably is not limited to obesity-pathway mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine, 395 Zona Industrial Reparada 2, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA. leferder@psm.edu
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferder
authors.forename: Marcelo Damián
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ferder
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Inserra
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000473:pathology; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D015430:Weight Gain; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D005632:Fructose