title: Security protection of DICOM medical images using dual-layer reversible watermarking with tamper detection capability.
abstract: Teleradiology applications and universal availability of patient records using web-based technology are rapidly gaining importance. Consequently, digital medical image security has become an important issue when images and their pertinent patient information are transmitted across public networks, such as the Internet. Health mandates such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act require healthcare providers to adhere to security measures in order to protect sensitive patient information. This paper presents a fully reversible, dual-layer watermarking scheme with tamper detection capability for medical images. The scheme utilizes concepts of public-key cryptography and reversible data-hiding technique. The scheme was tested using medical images in DICOM format. The results show that the scheme is able to ensure image authenticity and integrity, and to locate tampered regions in the images.
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Chun Kiat
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Jason Changwei
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Xiaotian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Chueh Loo
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Poh
authors.forename: Yong Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sheah
mesh_terms: D016494:Computer Security; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D020407:Internet; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D011873:Radiology Information Systems / Q000592:standards*; D019112:Teleradiology / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States