title: A comparative histological analysis of human pulp following direct pulp capping with Propolis, mineral trioxide aggregate and Dycal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Permanent teeth pulp exposures have traditionally been treated with calcium hydroxide pulp capping. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of human pulp tissue which were mechanically exposed to a new material, Propolis and compare it with two existing and commonly used pulp capping agents (mineral trioxide aggregate and Dycal).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six intact human premolars were mechanically exposed. Teeth were divided into six groups of 6 teeth each and were capped with Propolis, mineral trioxide aggregate and Dycal. Final restoration was done with posterior composite resin using light cured glass ionomer cement as a liner. The teeth were then extracted on the 15th or the 45th day and processed for histological evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences in inflammatory response and dentine bridge formation of the exposed pulp to the three different materials were statistically calculated using chi-square test and were found to be non-significant. There was more pulp inflammation in teeth treated with Dycal than with Propolis and MTA on the 15th as well as on the 45th day. Propolis and MTA showed bridge formation in more teeth, and the bridges were in closer proximity to pulp capping material than teeth treated with Dycal on the 45th day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The response of pulps to Propolis as a pulp capping agent was comparable to MTA and Dycal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India. paroliaabhi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parolia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kundabala
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003736:Dental Cavity Lining; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D003785:Dental Pulp Capping; D003789:Dental Pulp Exposure / Q000628:therapy; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000473:pathology; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003809:Dentin, Secondary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008422:Materials Testing; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011429:Propolis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000473:pathology; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D004338:Drug Combinations; C079765:Fuji II LC cement; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008903:Minerals; D010087:Oxides; D019279:Resin Cements; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D017640:Silicates; C083568:Z100 composite resin; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C025702:Dycal; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D011429:Propolis; D015040:Zirconium; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide