title: Cardiorenal syndromes: an executive summary from the consensus conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI).
abstract: The cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a disorder of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction of the other. The general definition has been expanded into five subtypes reflecting the primacy of organ dysfunction and the time-frame of the syndrome: CRS type 1 = acute worsening of heart function leading to kidney injury and/or dysfunction; CRS type 2 = chronic abnormalities in heart function leading to kidney injury or dysfunction; CRS type 3 = acute worsening of kidney function leading to heart injury and/or dysfunction; CRS type 4 = chronic kidney disease leading to heart injury, disease and/or dysfunction, and CRS type 5 = systemic conditions leading to simultaneous injury and/or dysfunction of heart and kidney. Different pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in the combined dysfunction of heart and kidney in these five types of the syndrome.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ronco
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.forename: Stefan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Anker
authors.forename: Inder
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aspromonte
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bagshaw
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berl
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bobek
authors.forename: Dinna N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daliento
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Davenport
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapio
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hillege
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: House
authors.forename: Nevin M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maisel
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mankad
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zanco
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mebazaa
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palazzuoli
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ronco
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sheinfeld
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soni
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vescovo
authors.forename: Nereo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zamperetti
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ponikowski
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D017209:Apoptosis; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009336:Necrosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D013577:Syndrome