title: Cystatin C and contrast-induced acute kidney injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cystatin C (CyC) is more sensitive than serum creatinine (sCr) to rapidly detect acute changes in renal function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured CyC together with sCr in 410 consecutive patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing either coronary and/or peripheral angiography and/or angioplasty. sCr was assessed at baseline and 24 and 48 hours after contrast media exposure. CyC was assessed at baseline and at 24 hours. Major adverse events (including death of any cause and dialysis) at 12 months were assessed. At 48 hours after contrast media exposure, contrast-induced acute kidney injury (defined as a sCr increase > or =0.3 mg/dL) occurred in 34 patients (8.2%). A CyC increase concentration > or =10% at 24 hours after contrast media exposure was detected in 87 patients (21.2%). This was the best CyC cutoff for the early identification of patients at risk for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (negative predictive value=100%; positive predictive value=39.1%). According to the defined cutoffs (that is, increase in CyC > or =10% and sCr > or =0.3 mg/dL), major adverse events occurred in 16 of 297 patients (5.4%) without any cutoffs satisfied (group 1), in 9 of 49 patients (18.4%) with only a CyC increase > or =10% (group 2), and in 9 of 31 patients (29%) with both cutoffs satisfied (group 3). By logistic regression analysis, the independent predictors of major adverse events at 1 year were group 2 (odds ratio=2.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 5.41; P=0.02), group 3 (odds ratio=4.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.72 to 11.54; P=0.002), and baseline glomerular filtration rate (odds ratio=0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 0.95; P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with chronic kidney disease, CyC seems to be a reliable marker for the early diagnosis and prognosis of contrast-induced acute kidney injury.
authors.affiliation: Interventional Cardiology, Clinica Mediterranea, Via Orazio, 2, I-80121, Naples, Italy. carlobriguori@clinicamediterranea.it
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Briguori
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Visconti
authors.forename: Natalia V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Focaccio
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Golia
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giannone
authors.forename: Diletta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castaldo
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Micco
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ricciardelli
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colombo
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C525030:CST3 protein, human; D003287:Contrast Media; D055316:Cystatin C; D003404:Creatinine