title: Resolvin E1 protects the rat heart against reperfusion injury.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to assess whether resolvin E1 (RvE1), an anti-inflammatory mediator derived from eicosapentaenoic acid, would limit myocardial infarct size in the rat. The H9c2 cell line was used to assess whether RvE1 has direct protective effects on cardiomyocytes. In in vivo experiments, Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 30 min of ischemia/4 h of reperfusion. Before reperfusion, rats received intravenous RvE1 (0, 0.03, 0.1, or 0.3mg/kg). In in vitro experiments, H9c2 cells were incubated with RvE1 (0, 1, 10, 100, or 1000 nM). Cells were subjected to 18 h of incubation under normoxic conditions, 16 h of hypoxia, or 16 h of hypoxia and 2 h of reoxygenation. In vivo, RvE1 dose dependently reduced infarct size (30.7 +/- 1.7% of the area at risk in the control group and 29.1 +/- 1.6%, 14.7 +/- 1.3%, and 9.0 +/- 0.6% in the 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/kg groups, respectively, P < 0.001). In vitro, RvE1 increased viability and decreased apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion in cells exposed to hypoxia or hypoxia/reoxygenation. A maximal effect was achieved at a concentration of 100 nM. RvE1 augmented phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity, attenuated caspase-3 activity, and augmented calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthase activity in cells exposed to hypoxia or hypoxia/reoxygenation. RvE1 increased Akt, ERK1/2, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and attenuated the levels of activated caspase-3 and phosphorylated p38 levels. AG-1478, an EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocked the protective effect of RvE1 both in vivo and in vitro and attenuated the RvE1-induced increase in Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, RvE1, an anti-inflammatory mediator derived from eicosapentaenoic acid, has a direct protective effect on cardiomyocytes against ischemia-reperfusion injury and limits infarct size when administered intravenously before reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Keyes
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Perez-Polo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gjorstrup
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Birnbaum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C494828:Bax protein, rat; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; C483803:Egfr protein, rat; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; C499823:5S,12R,18R-trihydroxy-6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid; D002118:Calcium