title: Occupational exposure from external radiation used in medical practices in Pakistan by film badge dosimetry.
abstract: Occupational exposure data of workers due to external sources of radiation in various medical practices such as nuclear medicine (NM), radiotherapy and diagnostic radiology (DR) in Pakistan were collected and analysed. Whole-body doses of workers were measured by film badge dosimetry technique during 2003-2007. Annual average effective dose in NM, radiotherapy and DR varied in the range of 1.39-1.80, 1.05-1.45 and 1.22-1.71 mSv, respectively, during 2003-2007. These values are quite low and well below the annual limit of 20 mSv averaged over a period of 5 consecutive years. Nobody received the radiation dose >50 mSv in any single year over a period of 5 consecutive years; therefore, no overexposure case has been detected. Decreasing trend of annual average dose values in aforementioned categories of work during 2003-2007 indicates the improvement of radiation protection status in medical field in Pakistan.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Dosimetry Group, Health Physics Division, Directorate of Systems and Services, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan. jabeen@pinstech.org.pk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jabeen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munir
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masood
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Akhter
mesh_terms: D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005373:Film Dosimetry / Q000379:methods*; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D009683:Nuclear Medicine / Q000379:methods; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010154:Pakistan; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry / Q000379:methods*