title: Evaluation of the usefulness of urinary biomarkers for nephrotoxicity in rats.
abstract: Since nephrotoxicity affects the development of drug candidates, it is important to detect their toxicity at an early stage of drug development. In this study, we measured twelve urinary nephrotoxic biomarkers [total protein, albumin, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), clusterin, beta2-microglobulin, cystatin-c, alpha-glutathione S-transferase, mu-glutathione S-transferase, N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)] and two conventional blood nephrotoxic biomarkers (creatinine and blood urea nitrogen) in rat models treated intravenously with puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) or cisplatin (CDDP), which are known to induce glomerular injury or proximal tubular injury, respectively, and evaluated their usefulness by receiver operating characteristic analysis. In the PAN-treated rats, urinary albumin and (NGAL) were dramatically increased, which were thought to be caused by the dysfunction of proximal tubule in addition to glomerular injury. Conversely, based on its early and time-dependent increase, its large magnitude of alteration and its high accuracy and sensitivity of detection, (KIM-1) in urine appeared to be the best biomarker for detection of CDDP-induced proximal tubular injury. Moreover, (LDH) was considered useful for broad detection of damaged nephrons, because of its broad distribution along the nephron. Therefore, combinatorial measurement of these biomarkers may be a powerful tool for highly effective screening of nephrotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Drug Safety Evaluation, Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tonomura
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Mikinori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torii
authors.forename: Takeki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uehara
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000652:urine; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity; D051152:Clusterin / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000652:urine; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000652:urine; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000187:drug effects; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000652:urine; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000652:urine; D011692:Puromycin Aminonucleoside / Q000633:toxicity; D012372:ROC Curve; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D002945:Cisplatin; D051152:Clusterin; D003404:Creatinine; D055316:Cystatin C; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011692:Puromycin Aminonucleoside; C110936:Havcr1 protein, rat; C097278:Lcn2 protein, rat