title: Damage to the gastric epithelium activates cellular bicarbonate secretion via SLC26A9 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-).
abstract: Gastric surface pH (pH(o)) transiently increases in response to focal epithelial damage. The sources of that increase, either from paracellular leakage of interstitial fluid or transcellular acid/base fluxes, have not been determined. Using in vivo microscopy approaches we measured pH(o) with Cl-NERF, tissue permeability with intravenous fluorescent-dextrans to label interstitial fluid (paracellular leakage), and gastric epithelial intracellular pH (pH(i)) with SNARF-5F (cellular acid/base fluxes). In response to two-photon photodamage, we found that cell-impermeant dyes entered damaged cells from luminal or tissue compartments, suggesting a possible slow transcellular, but not paracellular, route for increased permeability after damage. Regarding cytosolic acid/base status, we found that damaged cells acidified (6.63 +/- 0.03) after photodamage, compared with healthy surface cells both near (7.12 +/- 0.06) and far (7.07 +/- 0.04) from damage (P < 0.05). This damaged cell acidification was further attenuated with 20 muM intravenous EIPA (6.34 +/- 0.05, P < 0.05) but unchanged by addition of 0.5 mM luminal H(2)DIDS (6.64 +/- 0.08, P > 0.05). Raising luminal pH did not realkalinize damaged cells, suggesting that the mechanism of acidification is not attributable to leakiness to luminal protons. Inhibition of apical HCO(3)(-) secretion with 0.5 mM luminal H(2)DIDS or genetic deletion of the solute-like carrier 26A9 (SLC26A9) Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger blocked the pH(o) increase normally observed in control animals but did not compromise repair of damaged tissue. Addition of exogenous PGE(2) significantly increased pH(o) in wild-type, but not SLC26A9 knockout, animals, suggesting that prostaglandin-stimulated HCO(3)(-) secretion is fully mediated by SLC26A9. We conclude that cellular HCO(3)(-) secretion, likely through SLC26A9, is the dominant mechanism whereby surface pH transiently increases in response to photodamage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
authors.forename: Elise S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Demitrack
authors.forename: Manoocher
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.forename: Marshall H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Montrose
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017920:Antiporters / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D003911:Dextrans / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000378:metabolism; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017920:Antiporters; D001639:Bicarbonates; D002712:Chlorides; D003911:Dextrans; D005452:Fluoresceins; C533708:Slc26a9 protein, mouse; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters; C052526:fluorescein-dextran; C067297:8-aminohexylamino cAMP; D009249:NADP; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015232:Dinoprostone