title: 3D Stereophotogrammetric assessment of pre- and postoperative volumetric changes in the cleft lip and palate nose.
abstract: In cleft lip and palate patients the shape of the nose invariably changes in three dimensions (3D) due to rhinoplastic surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate stereophotogrammetry as a 3D method to document volumetric changes of the nose in patients with a cleft lip (CL) or cleft lip and palate (CLP) after secondary open rhinoplasty. 12 patients with unilateral CL or CLP were enrolled in the study prospectively. 3D facial images were acquired using 3D stereophotogrammetry preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. A 3D cephalometric analysis of the nose was performed and volumetric data were acquired. The reliability of the method was tested by performing an intra- and inter-observer analysis. Left, right and total nasal volumes and symmetry were compared. No statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were found within and between observers for the measured volumes and symmetry. Postoperatively, the total volume of the nose increased significantly, especially the volume at the cleft side. No significant volume difference pre- and postoperatively was found for the non-cleft side. The symmetry of the nose improved significantly. 3D stereophotogrammetry is a sensitive, quick, non-invasive method for evaluating volumetric changes of the nose in patients with cleft lip or cleft lip and palate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Loon
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Maal
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Plooij
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ingels
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Borstlap
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kuijpers-Jagtman
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Spauwen
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bergé
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D002508:Cephalometry; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D010780:Photogrammetry; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult