title: Cause of monocular diplopia diagnosed by combining double-pass retinal image assessment and Hartmann-Shack aberrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report an advanced optical procedure developed for the diagnosis of a particular case of diplopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This approach combined the quantification of the level of intraocular scattering by using an Objective Scatter Index provided by a double-pass instrument (Optical Quality Analysis System) with the analysis of higher order aberrations using a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The value of the Objective Scatter Index revealed increased intraocular scattering; the Hartmann-Shack images showed the existence of an optically differentiated area at the upper region of both crystalline lenses. Simulation of retinal images computed from the wavefront maps confirmed that, under low luminance conditions, this inhomogeneous region of the lens was included in the pupil, generating a secondary image and therefore the diplopia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report demonstrates the potential of combining two objective optical methods to show the presence of minor lens opacities that may severely degrade quality of vision.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermo M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Salomé
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abenza
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Casas
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Artal
mesh_terms: D057128:Aberrometry / Q000379:methods*; D002386:Cataract / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008875:Middle Aged; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D015349:Vision, Monocular