title: The effectiveness of the practice of correction and republication in the biomedical literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This research measures the effectiveness of the practice of correction and republication of invalidated articles in the biomedical literature by analyzing the rate of citation of the flawed and corrected versions of scholarly articles over time. If the practice of correction and republication is effective, then the incidence of citation of flawed versions should diminish over time and increased incidence of citation of the republication should be observed.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a bibliometric study using citation analysis and statistical analysis of pairs of flawed and corrected articles in MEDLINE and Web of Science.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference between citation levels of flawed originals and corrected republications does not approach statistical significance until eight to twelve years post-republication. Results showed substantial variability among bibliographic sources in their provision of authoritative bibliographic information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Correction and republication is a marginally effective biblioremediative practice. The data suggest that inappropriate citation behavior may be partly attributable to author ignorance.
authors.affiliation: North Carolina Central University, School of Library and Information Science, Durham, NC, 27707, USA. gpeterson@nccu.edu
authors.forename: Gabriel M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D015706:Bibliometrics; D035843:Biomedical Research; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval; D055811:Journal Impact Factor; D016239:MEDLINE / Q000592:standards; D011643:Publishing / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data