title: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1.
abstract: Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first oncogenic human retrovirus to be discovered, more than 25 years ago. HTLV-1 infects 15 to 20 million individuals worldwide. This oncoretrovirus can be transmitted in three ways: horizontally (sexually), vertically (mother to child), and via blood transfusion. HTLV-1 causes two major diseases: adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). ATLL can be classified into four major subtypes: a smoldering type, a chronic type, a lymphoma type, and a leukemic type. Because of intrinsic chemoresistance and severe immunosuppression, the survival rate of ATLL patients, especially those who develop the acute leukemic or lymphoma forms, is very poor, and such clonal malignant CD4 expansion remains one of the most severe lymphoproliferations. This article discusses a number of recent treatments including antiretroviral therapy, aggressive chemotherapy, and allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation, as well as new drugs.
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, CNRS URA 3015, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahieux
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gessain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D000077561:Daclizumab; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D016356:Gene Products, tax / Q000502:physiology; D016355:Genes, pX; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015493:Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001152:Arsenicals; D016356:Gene Products, tax; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D010087:Oxides; C514970:tax protein, Human T-lymphotrophic virus 1; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D015215:Zidovudine; D000077561:Daclizumab; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide