A substantial transmission bottleneck among newly and recently HIV-1-infected injection drug users in St Petersburg, Russia.
There are limited data on the genetic complexity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) after transmission among a cohort of injection drug users (IDUs). We used single-genome amplification of HIV-1 env to determine the genotypic characteristics of virus among IDUs with acute infection in St Petersburg, Russia. Our results indicate that a single variant was transmitted in a majority of cases (9 of 13 participants), which is analogous to what is observed in sexual transmission. These data are most consistent with a genetic bottleneck during transmission by injection drug use that is due to a small inoculum, which most often results in the transmission of a low-complexity viral population.
Masharsky
Alexey E
AE
Biomedical Center, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russia.
Dukhovlinova
Elena N
EN
Verevochkin
Sergei V
SV
Toussova
Olga V
OV
Skochilov
Roman V
RV
Anderson
Jeffrey A
JA
Hoffman
Irving
I
Cohen
Myron S
MS
Swanstrom
Ronald
R
Kozlov
Andrei P
AP
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D055030:Drug Users; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous; D055815:Young Adult; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus