title: Gabapentin in the treatment of hiccups in patients with advanced cancer: a 5-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate safety and efficacy of gabapentin in the treatment of severe chronic hiccups in patients with advanced cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts of all patients observed in the palliative care unit of a 4-bed hospital and at home by our Home Care Service were reviewed retrospectively.The presence of hiccups was routinely assessed. Patients with severe chronic hiccups were treated with gabapentin (300 mg t.i.d.). Doses of gabapentin were titrated based on the response to treatment.Gabapentin-related adverse effects were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven (3.9%) of 944 in-hospital patients and 6 (4.5%) of 134 patients observed at home presented severe chronic hiccups.We registered an improvement of hiccups, defined as complete resolution of hiccups, in 31 (83.8%) of 37 in-hospital patients and 4 (66.7%) of 6 patients observed at home.Four (10.8%) of the 37 in-hospital patients and 2 (33.3%) of the 6 patients observed at home experienced a reduction of hiccups.In 2 patients (5.4%), we registered a worsening of hiccups.Responses were observed in 32 patients (74.4%) with gabapentin at a dosage of 900 mg/d and in 9 patients (20.93%) at 1200 mg/d.In 2 patients (4.65%), grade 2 sleepiness was observed and in 10 patients (23.25%), grade 1 sleepiness was observed based on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study allow suggesting gabapentin at least as a promising drug in the treatment of severe chronic hiccups in advanced cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Department, Hospital San Salvatore, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy. porzio@sctf.it
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Porzio
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aielli
authors.forename: Lucilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verna
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aloisi
authors.forename: Brigida
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Galletti
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ficorella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000588:Amines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006606:Hiccup / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000077206:Gabapentin