title: Individual differences in self-enhancement and self-protection strategies: an integrative analysis.
abstract: Research has identified a large number of strategies that people use to self-enhance or self-protect. We aimed for an empirical integration of these strategies. Two studies used self-report items to assess all commonly recognized self-enhancement or self-protection strategies. In Study 1 (N=345), exploratory factor analysis identified 4 reliable factors. In Study 2 (N=416), this model was validated using confirmatory factor analysis. The factors related differentially to the key personality variables of regulatory focus, self-esteem, and narcissism. Expanding this integrative approach in the future can reveal a great deal about the structure and dynamics of self-enhancement and self-protection motivation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom. E.Hepper@soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: Erica G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Hepper
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gramzow
authors.forename: Constantine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sedikides
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009289:Narcissism; D010551:Personality; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012649:Self Concept; D012919:Social Behavior; D055815:Young Adult