title: Clinical outcome of coronary stenting after thoracic radiotherapy: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with lymphoma, lung or breast neoplasia show significant improvement in their disease-specific survival after radiotherapy (RT), but these benefits may be offset by delayed effects of irradiation of the heart. We compared clinical outcome after coronary stenting in patients with neoplastic disease and previous thoracic RT with matched patients without previous RT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-centre retrospective case-control study. Patients and methods Each patient with former thoracic RT undergoing coronary stenting between June 1998 and June 2005 was matched to two control patients according to several known prognostic factors (gender, age, available follow-up, stented vessel, drug-eluting stent use, unstable coronary disease, renal insufficiency, diabetes, bifurcational disease, stent length and size and ejection fraction). Main outcome measures Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as the composite of cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and target lesion revascularisation (TLR) and were assessed at latest follow-up and compared using Cox regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  41 patients underwent coronary stenting at 6+/-4 years after RT. Clinical outcome at 5+/-2 years after stenting was compared with outcome in 82 matched patients. For all-cause mortality, the hazard ratio for RT versus no RT was 4.2 (95% CI 1.8 to 9.5; p=0.0006). For cardiac mortality, the estimated hazard ratio was 4.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 17.0; p=0.0451). No significant differences were detected in terms of AMI, TLR, MACE or stent thrombosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest an increased risk of all-cause and cardiac mortality in patients who underwent coronary stent implantation after previous thoracic RT. Verification in larger patient populations is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven B 3000, Belgium. christophe.dubois@uzleuven.be
authors.forename: Christophe L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belmans
authors.forename: Katrien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erven
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adriaenssens
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sinnaeve
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coosemans
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kayaert
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weltens
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Desmet
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome