title: Safety and efficacy of docetaxel, estramustine phosphate and hydrocortisone in hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the combination of docetaxel (DTX), estramustine phosphate (EMP) and hydrocortisone for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 63 patients with HRPC were treated with a chemotherapeutic regimen including DTX, EMP, and hydrocortisone. Clinical and pathological features were correlated to serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence and survival rates. Incidence and degree of toxicities were also retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A median of 11 courses of chemotherapy was administered per patient. PSA levels decreased by >50% in 32 (51%) patients and >90% in 18 (29%) patients. Median time to PSA progression was 6 months (range from 1 to 41 months) and median time of overall survival was 14 months (range from 1 to 56 months). In a univariate analysis to predict overall survival, PSA, hemoglobin, alkaliphosphatase, and performance status prior to the chemotherapy were significant factors. Despite grade 3-4 neutropenia in 87% of patients, grade 5 interstitial pneumonia in one patient and grade 4-5 myocardial infarction in two patients were recognized, the regimen seemed to be relatively safe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination chemotherapy with DTX, EMP and hydrocortisone provides survival benefits for patients with HRPC with an acceptable toxicity profile. We need to further evaluate who might benefit most from this regimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakagami
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohori
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Riu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tachibana
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004961:Estramustine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004961:Estramustine; D006854:Hydrocortisone