Metabolic and hepatobiliary side effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been in use since 1987, the initiation of highly active ART has produced an increase in adverse drug reactions. This is a new challenge as many of the adverse drug reactions attributable to ART may be indistinguishable from non-drug-related illnesses. The emergency physician must be aware of the potential complications of ART as affected patients may present with nonspecific symptoms. The focus of this article is the metabolic and hepatobiliary adverse effects of ART.
Lugassy
Daniel M
DM
New York City Poison Control Center, New York University School of Medicine, 455 First Avenue, Room 123, New York, NY 10016, USA. daniel.lugassy@nyumc.org
Farmer
Brenna M
BM
Nelson
Lewis S
LS
D000140:Acidosis, Lactic / Q000139:chemically induced; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000139:chemically induced; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000379:methods; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000139:chemically induced; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D006932:Hyperbilirubinemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000139:chemically induced