title: Airway inflammation and remodeling in two mouse models of asthma: comparison of males and females.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asthma and especially severe asthma affect women more frequently than men. Since asthma severity correlates with remodeling changes in the lung, a female propensity to remodeling could be expected. We studied whether our previous observation that female mice have more pronounced airway inflammation than males is associated with more pronounced remodeling in two models of chronic allergic asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male and female BALB/c mice were (1) sensitized and subsequently challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) for 4 weeks, or (2) exposed to house dust mite (HDM) for 5 weeks. In both models, allergic inflammation, remodeling, antigen-specific IgE and methacholine (MCh) responsiveness were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Females had higher antigen-specific serum IgE levels, higher numbers of eosinophils and were more responsive to MCh. In the OVA model, females also had higher levels of Th2 cytokines in lung tissue than males. Both sexes developed similar airway remodeling (smooth muscle layer thickness, collagen III deposition and goblet cell hyperplasia) in the two models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining results of an OVA- and a HDM-induced mouse model of allergic airway inflammation, we have shown that more severe allergic inflammation in females is not accompanied with more pronounced airway remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Blacquière
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hylkema
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Postma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geerlings
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Timens
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Melgert
mesh_terms: D056151:Airway Remodeling; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D039981:Pyroglyphidae / Q000276:immunology; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D010047:Ovalbumin