title: [Stressful effects of chemical toxins at low concentrations].
abstract: Effects of three chemical compounds: ammonia, diethyl ether, and acetic acid, known as common environmental contaminants in technogenic accidents, were investigated in vivo and in vitro in low concentrations. When added in cultivation media, each of the chemicals has affected peritoneal macrophages and spleen lymphocytes isolated from male NMRI mice and led to a rise in the production of several cytokines, particularly the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma, as well as the expression of the inducible form of heat shock proteins (HSP72 and HSP90-alpha) and in the activation of signal cascades NF-kappaB and SAPK/JNK. The increase of the nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages has been observed only when ammonia was added in cultivation media. Also, low concentrations of all compounds investigated led to the activation of the expression of receptor protein TLR4. When mice were exposed to airborne toxic contaminants in a hermetically sealed experimental chamber, an increase in the concentrations of cytokines, heat shock proteins, and signal proteins in immune cells was also observed in response to low concentrations of all chemicals investigated. Similarly to in vitro experiments, the NO production was augmented only in the presence of the airborne ammonia. The results indicate the environmental hazard of chemical contaminants even in rather low concentrations, which nevertheless lead to the stress response.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Parfeniuk
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Khrenov
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Novoselova
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Glushkova
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lunin
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Fesenko
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Novoselova
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004986:Ether / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; C107835:Hspca protein, mouse; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004986:Ether; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D019342:Acetic Acid