title: Connexin45 is the first connexin to be expressed in the central conduction system of the mouse heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the spatial pattern of labelling for the gap junctional protein, connexin45, in relation to that of the other two cardiac connexins, connexin40 and connexin43, during the development of the central conduction system in mouse heart.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hearts from Balb-c mice at stages from embryonic day (E) 12.5 to adult were frozen and sectioned. The sections were immunolabelled for connexins 45, 40 and 43 using fully characterized connexin-specific antibodies. Labelled sections were observed using confocal microscopy. Single, double and triple labelling were employed with sequential scanning to record images from multiple-labelled sections for the analysis of the spatial distribution of the three connexin types in relation to each other.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High levels of connexin45 label were detected in specific regions within the developing mouse heart. These regions corresponded to the conus myocardium, developing interatrial septum and other developing conduction tissues of the heart. Connexin40 label was initially absent from these tissues but by E15.5 was present in the more distal regions of the conduction system. However, by E17.5, connexin45 and 40 labelling was similar to the pattern observed in the adult heart, with both connexins present in most regions of the conduction system, though they were not completely colocalized. Connexin43 label was not observed in the regions of high connexin45 labelling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show connexin45 to be the earliest detectable connexin in the central conduction system and to be the only connexin present throughout the whole conduction system. A distinct temporal pattern of connexin expression was also shown to occur during the development of the conduction tissues of the mouse heart.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom, and.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Coppen
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gourdie
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Severs