A practical approach to the prevention of miscarriage: part 2--active immunotherapy.
OBJECTIVE
To present data suggesting that active immunization with lymphocyte immunotherapy is a treatment that has benefit in preventing miscarriage.


METHODS
Lymphocyte immunotherapy is given to women with a history of recurrent miscarriage or failure to achieve a successful pregnancy, despite several previous embryo transfers. Active immunization was combined with progesterone therapy. The lymphocytes were not refrigerated, but used fresh.


RESULTS
Compared to controls, i.e., progesterone therapy alone, the injection of paternal lymphocytes intradermally improved miscarriage rates and improved live delivered pregnancy rates per embryo transfer.


CONCLUSIONS
The addition of progesterone treatment may act synergistically with lymphocyte immunotherapy, especially in primary aborters and tertiary aborters. However, it is important to use fresh--not refrigerated--stored lymphoctes.
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D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D050498:Live Birth; D017710:Lymphocyte Transfusion; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000097:blood; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011374:Progesterone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013491:Suppressor Factors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood
C110058:PIBF1 protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D011372:Progestins; D013491:Suppressor Factors, Immunologic; D011374:Progesterone