title: Workload and awkward posture problems among small-scale strawberry farmers in Japan.
abstract: Farmers handle heavy workloads, often in awkward postures and experiencing some work related problems. Farmers perceive them as no more than inevitable consequences of farming activities. Although many problems can be prevented or reduced by simple and inexpensive modifications to work, these problems are increasing among farmers. The main focus of the paper was to investigate workload and awkward postures among strawberry farmers and suggest possible solutions to overcome the identified problems. Questionnaires, direct observations and intertwining methods were used to collect the data. Low-level strawberry beds and long working hours were recognized as critical factors that led to farmers' health problems including suffering from low back pain, heavy fatigue, unsteady feeling after work, etc. There was a substantial increase in fatigue in busy seasons compared with slack seasons. When compared with the other workers such as office, technical, sales and blue-collar workers, female farmers' general fatigue level was considerably high. Findings indicated that strawberry farming was a stressful occupation and farmers were strained under heavy workload, monotonous and repetitive work and poor working conditions with frequent fatigue symptoms and severe influence on health.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Advanced Technology, Prgoram in Management and Information Science, Kinki University, 11-6 Kayanomori, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8555, Japan. dm0701kg@ed.fuk.kindai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ganga
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kumudini
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000383:Agriculture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D016272:Occupational Health; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload; D055815:Young Adult