title: Temporary perioperative decline of renal function is an independent predictor for chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute kidney injury is an independent predictor of short- and long-term survival; however, data on the relationship between reversible transitory decline of kidney function and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are lacking. We assessed the prognostic value of temporary renal function decline on the development of long-term CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 1308 patients who were undergoing major vascular surgery (aortic aneurysm repair, lower extremity revascularization, or carotid surgery), divided into three groups on the basis of changes in Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) estimated GFR (eGFR) on days 1, 2, and 3 after surgery, compared with baseline: Group 1, improved or unchanged (change in CKD-EPI eGFR+/-10%); group 2, temporary decline (decline>10% at day 1 or 2, followed by complete recovery within 10% to baseline at day 3); and group 3, persistent decline (>10% decrease). Primary end point was the development of incident CKD during a median follow-up of 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perioperative renal function was classified as unchanged, temporary decline, and persistent decline in 739 (57%), 294 (22%), and 275 (21%) patients, respectively. During follow-up, 272 (21%) patients developed CKD. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, temporary and persistent declines in renal function both were independent predictors of long-term CKD, compared with unchanged renal function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vascular surgery patients have a high incidence of temporary and persistent perioperative renal function declines, both of which were independent predictors for development of long-term incident CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan-Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van Kuijk
authors.forename: Willem-Jan
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Flu
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chonchol
authors.forename: Sanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hoeks
authors.forename: Tamara A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Winkel
authors.forename: Hence J M
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.forename: Jeroen J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poldermans
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*