title: The anatomic location of digital glomus tumor recurrences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the anatomic location of recurrences of digital glomus tumors treated with surgical excision to make inferences on the causes of recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 12 cases of glomus tumors of the hand treated surgically over an 8-year period. Two of these patients presented with recurrences after previous glomus tumor excision surgery elsewhere. The location of recurrences, duration of symptoms, gender, revision surgeries, and histological specimens were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All tumors developed in the periungual and subungual area of the digits. Five of the 12 patients had recurrences, with one of these patients having a second recurrence after revision surgery. All recurrent tumors occurred in new, separate locations from the original lesions. The recurrences presented from 2 months to 5 years after the initial surgery. All surgical specimens from the index surgeries, as well as revision procedures, were examined by a pathologist and confirmed to be glomus tumors. There were no discernible differences in the histology features of the tumors that recurred compared to those that did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Traditionally, recurrences of digital glomus tumors after surgical excision are thought to be rare. Inadequate resection was considered the likely cause in most cases. However, recurrent symptoms might be attributed to small, synchronous, satellite lesions not detected during the original surgery. A careful preoperative and intraoperative examination for synchronous lesions should be made, and patients should be informed of the risk of recurrent symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jaipal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: S Steven
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hurd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers; D005918:Glomus Tumor / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009260:Nail Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies