title: Design and computational fluid dynamics investigation of a personal, high flow inhalable sampler.
abstract: The objective of this research was to develop an inlet to meet the inhalable sampling criterion at 10 l min(-1) flow using the standard, 37-mm cassette. We designed a porous head for this cassette and evaluated its performance using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. Particle aspiration efficiency was simulated in a wind tunnel environment at 0.4 m s(-1) freestream velocity for a facing-the-wind orientation, with sampler oriented at both 0 degrees (horizontal) and 30 degrees down angles. The porous high-flow sampler oriented 30 degrees downward showed reasonable agreement with published mannequin wind tunnel studies and humanoid CFD investigations for solid particle aspiration into the mouth, whereas the horizontal orientation resulted in oversampling. Liquid particles were under-aspirated in all cases, however, with 41-84% lower aspiration efficiencies relative to solid particles. A sampler with a single central 15-mm pore at 10 l min(-1) was also investigated and was found to match the porous sampler's aspiration efficiency for solid particles; the single-pore sampler is expected to be more suitable for liquid particle use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000, USA. renee-anthony@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: T Renée
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: Andrea C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Landázuri
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Dyke
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Volckens
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis*; D000392:Air Movements; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D001239:Inhalation; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008348:Manikins; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D052638:Particulate Matter