title: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of matrix metalloproteinase-1, -2, and -3 in Japanese with high myopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polymorphisms in the promoter regions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes can cause variations in the expression of the MMP genes in the sclera that can lead to a greater susceptibility to axial elongation of the eye. The purpose of this study was to determine whether functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MMP1, -2, and -3 promoter regions are associated with high myopia in the Japanese.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven hundred twenty-five unrelated Japanese patients with high myopia (axial length of >or=26.0 mm in both eyes, or refractive error>or=-6.0 D in phakic cases) and >or=40 years of age were studied. Five hundred forty-six healthy, unrelated Japanese who were >or=40 years of age served as population-based control subjects. All the subjects were genotyped for the four functional SNPs MMP1 -1607 1G/2G, MMP2 C-1306T, MMP2 C-735T, and MMP3 -1612 5A/6A with an SNP assay. The distribution of the genotypes in the cases and control subjects was compared by the chi2 test for trend.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was detected in the distribution of the four SNPs MMP1 -1607 1G/2G (P=0.92), MMP2 C-1306T (P=0.83), MMP2 C-735T (P=0.10), and MMP3 -1612 5A/6A (P=0.62), between the high myopia cases and the general-population controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The four functional SNPs in the MMP1, -2, and -3 promoter regions do not play critical roles in the development of high myopia in the Japanese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto Unviersity Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. hideon@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Hisako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashiro
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohno-Matsui
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Mineo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshitake
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Nagahisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000208:ethnology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1