title: Late outcomes for aortic valve replacement with the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial bioprosthesis: up to 17-year follow-up in 1,000 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study reviews a single institution experience with the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial aortic valve bioprosthesis, concentrating on late outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  From December 1991 to June 2002, 1,000 patients underwent aortic valve replacement with the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve (mean follow-up 6.01 +/- 3.56 years). The institutional database was reviewed. Follow-up data were acquired through telephone interviews and mail-in questionnaires. Time-to-event analyses were performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Mean age was 74.1 years; 545 patients (54.5%) were male. Mean preoperative ejection fraction was 52.5%. Isolated aortic valve replacement occurred in 372 cases (37.2%). Combined aortic valve replacement with coronary artery bypass grafting occurred in 443 cases (44.3%). The remaining 185 patients (18.5%) underwent complex procedures with concomitant mitral, tricuspid, or arch repair. One hundred forty patients (14.0%) had prior aortic valve surgery. Follow-up was 99.4% complete.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall operative mortality was 7.2% (72 of 1,000). There were 503 late deaths (50.3%). Age-stratified survival at 15 years was 43.7% for patients less than 65 years of age; 18.2% for patients aged 65 to 75; and 9.4% for patients aged more than 75 years. There were 26 failed bioprostheses (2.6%) requiring reoperation. Structural valve deterioration was the cause in 13 of 26 cases (50%), endocarditis in 11 of 26 (42%), and perivalvular leak in 2 of 26 (7.6%). Age-stratified freedom from reoperation due to structural valve deterioration at 15 years was 34.7% for patients less than 65 years of age; 89.4% for patients aged 65 to 75; and 99.5% for patients aged more than 75 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Carpentier-Edwards pericardial bioprosthesis shows long-term durability with low rates of structural failure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: R Scott
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.forename: Narendren
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Narayanasamy
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wiegerinck
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lipsitz
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Sary F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Aranki
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Couper
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Cohn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002423:Cause of Death; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010496:Pericardium; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011336:Probability; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012042:Registries; D012086:Reoperation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult