title: 7. Whiplash-associated disorders.
abstract: Whiplash-associated disorders are comprised of a range of symptoms of which neck complaints and headaches are the most significant spine related. In the acute and sub-acute stage of the disorder, conservative treatment for minimally 6 months is recommended, active mobilization is slightly better than passive treatment. Thereafter, interventional treatment may be considered. The available evidence for injection of Botulinum toxin A (2 B-) and intra-articular corticosteroid injections (2 C-) supports a negative recommendation. Radiofrequency treatment of the ramus medialis (medial branch) of the ramus dorsalis is recommended (2 B+).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Suijlekom
authors.forename: Nagy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mekhail
authors.forename: Nileshkumar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Zundert
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Kleef
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patijn
mesh_terms: D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D021801:Zygapophyseal Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*