title: Maternal and umbilical serum levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of maternal and umbilical cord interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) serum levels with the existence and severity of preeclampsia. A particular objective was the comparison of normal umbilical serum levels to preeclamptic values.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 24 patients with third trimester singleton pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (15 severe and 9 mild preeclampsia). The gestational age-matched 19 healthy pregnant women were compared by study group. Maternal and umbilical serum IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were calculated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly increased maternal and umbilical serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were found in preeclamptic patient group in comparison with the control group. Maternal serum IL-8 and TNF-alpha concentration were significantly higher in patients with severe preeclampsia than in mild preeclampsia. Increased umbilical serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were found in severe preeclampsia than in mild preeclampsia. There were significantly higher levels of maternal serum IL-8 and TNF-alpha in patients with preeclampsia with IUGR than in patients with preeclampsia with normal fetal growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that increased concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in the maternal and umbilical serum play a significant role in pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Alterations in maternal and umbilical serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha may also play role in preeclampsia complicated by intrauterine growth retardation. These associations may offer insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Miğraci
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tosun
authors.forename: Handan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Bahattin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Avci
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.forename: Tayfun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alper
authors.forename: Erdal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malatyalioğlu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha