title: fMRI responses to words repeated in a congruous semantic context are abnormal in mild Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We adapted an event-related brain potential word repetition paradigm, sensitive to early Alzheimer's disease (AD), for functional MRI (fMRI). We hypothesized that AD would be associated with reduced differential response to New/Old congruous words.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen mild AD patients (mean age=72.9) and 15 normal elderly underwent 1.5T fMRI during a semantic category decision task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found robust between-groups differences in BOLD response to congruous words. In controls, the New>Old contrast demonstrated larger responses in much of the left-hemisphere (including putative P600 generators: parahippocampal, cingulate, fusiform, perirhinal, middle temporal (MTG) and inferior frontal gyri (IFG)); the Old>New contrast showed modest activation, mainly in right parietal and prefrontal cortex. By contrast, there were relatively few regions of significant New>Old responses in AD patients, mainly in the right-hemisphere, and their Old>New contrast did not demonstrate a right-hemisphere predominance. Across subjects, the spatial extent of New>Old responses in left medial temporal lobe (MTL) correlated with subsequent recall and recognition (r's>or=0.60). In controls, the magnitude of New-Old response in left MTL, fusiform, IFG, MTG, superior temporal and cingulate gyrus correlated with subsequent cued recall and/or recognition (0.51<or=r's<or=0.78).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A distributed network of mostly left-hemisphere structures, which are putative P600 generators, appears important for successful verbal encoding (with New>Old responses to congruous words in normal elderly). This network appears dysfunctional in mild AD patients, as reflected in decreased word repetition effects particularly in left association cortex, paralimbic and MTL structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618-5412, USA. jmolichney@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Olichney
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Shiaohui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Jin-Chen
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stringfellow
authors.forename: Dieter G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hillert
authors.forename: Amanda L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Iragui-Madoz
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kutas
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012660:Semantics; D014825:Vocabulary
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen