title: Correlation between images of silent brain infarction, carotid atherosclerosis and white matter hyperintensity, and plasma levels of acrolein, IL-6 and CRP.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We found previously that the measurement of plasma levels of protein-conjugated acrolein (PC-Acro) together with IL-6 and CRP can be used to identify silent brain infarction (SBI) with high sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study was to clarify how three biochemical markers are correlated to SBI, carotid atherosclerosis (CA) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH).
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of PC-Acro, IL-6 and CRP in plasma were measured by ELISA. SBI and WMH were evaluated by MRI, and CA was evaluated by duplex carotid ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 790 apparently healthy volunteers were classified into 260 control, 214 SBI, 263 CA and 245 WMH subjects, which included 187 subjects with two or three pathologies. When the combined measurements of PC-Acro, IL-6 and CRP were evaluated together with age, using a receiver operating characteristic curve and artificial neural networks, the relative risk value (RRV), an indicator of tissue damage, was in the order SBI with CA (0.90)>SBI (0.80)>CA (0.76)>WMH with CA (0.65)>WMH (0.46)>control (0.14). RRV was also correlated with severity in each group of SBI, CA and WMH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RRV supports the idea that the degree of risk to develop a stroke is in the order SBI>CA>WMH.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
authors.forename: Madoka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kyohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Naokatsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakui
authors.forename: Tadafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusaka
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashiwado
authors.forename: Norikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Sakae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Machi
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizoi
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toida
authors.forename: Tetsuto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanzaki
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomitori
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Kazuei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Igarashi
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000473:pathology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D000171:Acrolein; D002097:C-Reactive Protein