title: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is cross-sectionally associated with preclinical chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Japanese men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are both well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, few studies have examined the associations between LDL cholesterol and CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, we investigated the associations between LDL cholesterol and CKD using medical check-up data from 2,449 Japanese men and 1,448 Japanese women. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria for Japanese people. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and/or proteinuria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood levels of LDL cholesterol were higher in CKD subjects than in non-CKD subjects only in men and the frequency of antihyperlipidemic medication and MetS was higher in CKD subjects than in non-CKD subjects, regardless of gender. The frequency of CKD was significantly higher in male subjects with the highest quartile of LDL cholesterol than in those with the lowest quartile of LDL cholesterol. LDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher in subjects with eGFR corresponding to CKD stages 2 and 3 than in those with eGFR corresponding to CKD stage 1 both in men and women. LDL cholesterol was independently associated with CKD, eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and proteinuria in Japanese men, but not in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LDL cholesterol is cross-sectionally associated with preclinical CKD in Japanese men.
authors.affiliation: Medical Check-up Center, Tachikawa Medical Center. ijie@venus.sannet.ne.jp
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL