title: Modified multipotent stromal cells with epidermal growth factor restore vasculogenesis and blood flow in ischemic hind-limb of type II diabetic mice.
abstract: Diabetes is increasing in the world and causes severe cardiovascular complications. Diabetes-induced limb ischemia leads to foot amputation and therapeutic remedies are urgently needed. Here we report that local injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prestimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) restored blood flow and vasculogenesis in the ischemic hind-limb of type II diabetic (db(-)/db(-)) mice. Bone marrow cells from db(-)/db(-) mice are altered as evidenced by increased oxidative stress and reduced Akt and adhesion molecules when compared with control (db(-)/db(+)). Femoral artery ligation-induced ischemia was performed in the hind-limb of db(-)/db(-) and db(-)/db(+) mice for 28 days. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-MSCs stimulated+/-exogenous EGF for 24 h were injected locally into the ischemic muscle. Blood flow measured with MoorLDI-Laser and microangiography assessed with X-ray showed 100% recovery in db(-)/db(+) compared to 50% recovery in db(-)/db(-) mice. Interestingly, db(-)/db(-) mice had 60 and 96% blood flow recovery and 61 and 98% of vasculogenesis when treated with MSCs alone or MSCs modified with EGF, respectively. Western blot analysis of hind-limb muscles revealed an increase in Akt and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor phosphorylation and hypoxia-inducible factor) expression in db(-)/db(-) mice injected with MSCs or MSCs+EGF compared to db(-)/db(-) mice. Fluorescent microscopic images show that EGFP-MSCs differentiate into new microvessels. Adhesion and migration of MSCs on cultured endothelial cells were ICAM1-, VCAM1- and Akt-dependent mechanism and elevated when MSCs were prestimulated with EGF compared with nonstimulated MSCs. Our novel study data provide evidence that in type II diabetes, stimulated MSCs with EGF enhance the recovery of blood flow and angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Ali H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Zakaria Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Abd Elmageed
authors.forename: Devika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Megan I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Partyka
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kadowitz
authors.forename: Souad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belmadani
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matrougui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000473:pathology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D042783:Endothelial Cells; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt