title: Potent angiogenesis inhibition by the particulate form of fullerene derivatives.
abstract: Antiangiogenesis is an effective strategy for cancer treatment because uncontrolled tumor growth depends on tumor angiogenesis and sufficient blood supply. Great progress has been made in developing a "molecular" form of angiogenesis inhibitors; however, the narrow inhibition spectrum limits anticancer efficacy as those inhibitors that usually target a few or even a single angiogenic factor among many angiogenic factors might initially be effective but ultimately lead to the failure of the treatment due to the induction of expression of other angiogenic factors. In this work, we report that with a multiple hydroxyl groups functionalized surface, the Gd@C(82)(OH)(22) fullerenic nanoparticles (f-NPs) are capable of simultaneously downregulating more than 10 angiogenic factors in the mRNA level that is further confirmed at the protein level. After studying this antiangiogenesis activity of the f-NPs by cellular experiment, we further investigated its anticancer efficacy in vivo. A two-week treatment with the f-NPs decreased >40% tumor microvessels density and efficiently lowered the speed of blood supply to tumor tissues by approximately 40%. Efficacy of the treatment using f-NPs in nude mice was comparable to the clinic anticancer drug paclitaxel, while no pronounced side effects were found. These findings indicate that the f-NPs with multiple hydroxyl groups serve as a potent antiangiogenesis inhibitor that can simultaneously target multiple angiogenic factors. We propose that using nanoscale "particulate" itself as a new form of medicine (particulate medicine) may be superior to the traditional "molecular" form of medicine (molecular medicine) in cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Gengmei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Baoyun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Xuxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Chunying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xingjie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhifang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Yuliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D055806:Microvessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D037741:Fullerenes