title: Comparison of Metabolic Risk Factors in Urolithiasis Patients according to Family History.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urolithiasis develops more frequently in patients with a family history (FHx). However, little is known about risk factors in stone formers with a FHx. The aim of this study was to examine the clinico-metabolic characteristics of urinary stone formers according to FHx.
  
  
  METHODS
  A database of 1,068 stone formers who underwent a complete metabolic evaluation was reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the presence of a FHx. Clinical factors and metabolic parameters were compared between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics, such as gender, age, body mass index, stone episodes, or multiple stones, between the two groups (p>0.05, respectively). Compared with stone formers without a FHx, however, serum calcium concentrations were more elevated in stone formers with a FHx. Also, the urinary excretion of calcium was higher in stone formers with a FHx than in those without a FHx. Other urinary metabolites showed no significant differences between the two groups (p>0.05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed that stone formers with a FHx had increased urinary calcium excretion as well as elevated concentrations of serum calcium. This finding suggests that urolithiasis in stone formers with a FHx may be associated with calcium metabolic abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yun-Sok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Yong-June
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seok-Joong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Sang-Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wun-Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim