title: Longitudinal posturography and rotational testing in children three to nine years of age: normative data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain normative longitudinal vestibulo-ocular and balance test data in children from ages three to nine years with normal middle ear status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, longitudinal cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care pediatric hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-year-old children were entered and tested yearly. Subjects underwent earth vertical axis rotation testing using sinusoidal and constant velocity stimuli and performed the Sensory Organization Test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred forty-eight children were entered, and usable data were collected on 127 children. A linear increase in the vestibulo-ocular reflex gain as children aged was found, without a change in the phase of the response. An age-related linear increase in equilibrium scores, indicating reduced postural sway, was also observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These normative data can be used in the evaluation of dizziness and balance disorders in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
authors.forename: Margaretha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Casselbrant
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sparto
authors.forename: Subashan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Redfern
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Fall
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Furman
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D012027:Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D012399:Rotation; D014724:Vestibular Function Tests