title: Systemic levels of MMP2/TIMP2 and cardiovascular risk in CAPD patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), their inhibitors (TIMPs), oxidative stress (SOX) and kynurenine (KYN) pathway have been postulated in cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression. We hypothesized the possible association between the MMP/TIMP system, KYNs and CVD prevalence in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, KYN and its metabolite - quinolinic acid (QA), and SOX marker - Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) levels in CAPD patients both with and without CVD and healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMP-2, TIMP-2, Cu/Zn SOD, KYN and QA were significantly higher in CAPD patients with CVD than in patients without CVD and controls. MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were positively correlated with QA and Cu/Zn SOD levels, and the strong association was between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels. Multiple regression analyses identified Cu/Zn SOD, TIMP-2, QA and QA/KYN ratio as the factors independently associated with MMP-2, whereas MMP-2 and Cu/Zn SOD were independent variables affecting TIMP-2 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMP-2 and TIMP-2 concentrations were higher in CAPD patients with CVD than in patients without CVD and healthy controls. Upregulation of the MMP-2/TIMP-2 system was associated with QA levels and increased oxidative status, suggesting the connection between KYN pathway activation, arterial remodeling and CVD prevalence in uremic patients on CAPD treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland. dariuszpawlak @ poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tankiewicz
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mysliwiec
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pawlak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood*; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2