title: Chronic fluoxetine treatment induces structural plasticity and selective changes in glutamate receptor subunits in the rat cerebral cortex.
abstract: It has been postulated that chronic administration of antidepressant drugs induces delayed structural and molecular adaptations at glutamatergic forebrain synapses that might underlie mood improvement. To gain further insight into these changes in the cerebral cortex, rats were treated with fluoxetine (flx) for 4 weeks. These animals showed decreased anxiety and learned helplessness. N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) receptor subunit levels (NR1, NR2A, NR2B, GluR1 and GluR2) were analysed in the forebrain by both western blot of homogenates and immunohistochemistry. Both methods demonstrated an upregulation of NR2A, GluR1 and GluR2 that was especially significant in the retrosplenial granular b cortex (RSGb). However, when analysing subunit content in postsynaptic densities and synaptic membranes, we found increases of NR2A and GluR2 but not GluR1. Instead, GluR1 was augmented in a microsomal fraction containing intracellular membranes. NR1 and GluR2 were co-immunoprecipitated from postsynaptic densities and synaptic membranes. In the immunoprecipitates, NR2A was increased while GluR1 was decreased supporting a change in receptor stoichiometry. The changes of subunit levels were associated with an upregulation of dendritic spine density and of large, mushroom-type spines. These molecular and structural adaptations might be involved in neuronal network stabilization following long-term flx treatment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ampuero
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Falcon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Diaz-Veliz
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Earle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dagnino-Subiabre
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aboitiz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Orrego
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wyneken
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D049229:Dendritic Spines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D006380:Helplessness, Learned; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008861:Microsomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D057907:Post-Synaptic Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D013570:Synaptic Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D005473:Fluoxetine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C473649:NR1A NMDA receptor, rat; C120997:NR2A NMDA receptor; C104722:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2