title: Correlation between extracellular glutamate release and neuronal cell death in an eleven vessel occlusion model in rat.
abstract: The aim of this study was to define the effects of glutamate release on cell death in an eleven vessel rat occlusion model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-350g) were used for the 11 vessel occlusion ischemic model, which was induced by a 5- and 10-min transient occlusion. During the surgical procedure, the extracellular glutamate concentration was measured in real-time using a microdialysis amperometirc biosensor with cerebral blood flow. In order to confirm neuronal cell death, brains were removed 72h after ischemia for the detection of the neuron-specific nuclear protein and cleaved caspase-3 levels, using double-immunofluorescence. A significant decrease in % cerebral blood flow was observed in both the 5- and 10-min 11 vessel occlusion models, while an increase in glutamate release was detected after the onset of ischemia that continued to rise during the ischemic period. However, a significantly higher level of glutamate release was observed in the 10-min ischemia group compared to the 5-min group. Unlike the small amount of brain damage in the 5-min group, the increased glutamate levels in the 10-min group resulted in ischemic cell death in the hippocampal region with the activation of cleaved caspase-3 and the inhibition of neuron-specific nuclear protein expression. This study suggests that the increased level of glutamate release induces apoptotic cell death in the 11 vessel occlusion ischemic model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eunkuk
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Gi Ja
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Samjin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seok Keun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Su Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Sung Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hun-Kuk
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid