title: Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and their associations with diet and physical activity in suburban Beijing, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We calculated new prevalences of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and examined their associations with dietary habits and physical activity in a suburban area of Beijing--one of the most urbanized cities in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2007, a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 19,003 suburban residents aged 18 to 76 years was conducted. Dietary and anthropometric data were collected by questionnaire, and blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and serum lipids were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age-standardized prevalences of the CVD risk factors overweight/obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome (MS) were 31.9%, 6.1%, 33.6%, 30.3%, and 11.6%, respectively. The adjusted odd ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) of overweight/obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and MS for participants who were physically active, as compared with those who were not physically active, were 0.67 (0.47 to 0.85), 0.87 (0.80 to 0.95), 0.92 (0.87 to 0.98), 0.89 (0.82 to 0.96), and 0.74 (0.62 to 0.89), respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of hypertension and MS for participants with a high intake of salt, as compared with those without a high intake of salt, were 1.72 (1.29 to 2.03) and 1.48 (1.16 to 1.77), respectively. In addition, participants who consumed a high-fat diet were more likely to be overweight/obese and dyslipidemic, whereas vegetarians had less risk of overweight/obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population of adults living in suburban Beijing, there were relatively high prevalences of the CVD risk factors overweight/obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and MS. Healthy dietary habits and physical activity may reduce the risks of these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li-Qiang
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Ai-Ping
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Pei-Yu
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D018881:Suburban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult