title: Quality of life and perceived pain after laparoscopic-assisted renal cryoablation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessing changes in quality of life (QoL) and perceived pain after laparoscopic-assisted cryoablation (LAC) of renal tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for 57 patients who were treated with LAC were prospectively collected. QoL, divided into various domains, and postoperative pain were assessed using the Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Assessment was performed at baseline and at different time intervals until 1 year after LAC. Using a repeated measures analysis of variance, the influence of the following parameters was evaluated: Time of assessment, age, comorbidity, the occurrence of a complication, and tumor histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SF-36: At baseline, only general health perceptions scored lower compared with the general population. Time of assessment and a complication did not affect QoL. Comorbidity and age >70 years led to a significantly lower QoL. Tumor histology affected general health perceptions. EORTC-QLQ-C30: Time of assessment affected 7 of 15 domains because of lower scores after 2 weeks. Age and comorbidity each negatively influenced five domains. A complication increased three symptoms scores and lowered general health status. Tumor histology significantly altered role functioning. VAS: VAS reached a peak 1 day after LAC, then quickly declined. Patients >70 years had significant higher VAS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  QoL of patients who were treated with LAC showed a decrease 2 weeks after surgery but normalized to baseline within 3 months. Age and comorbidities especially affected QoL negatively. The VAS showed a peak 1 day after LAC and then quickly declined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Patricia W T
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Beemster
authors.forename: Hessel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wijkstra
authors.forename: Jean J M C H
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: de la Rosette
authors.forename: Aeilko H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Zwinderman
authors.forename: M Pilar Laguna
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Pes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003452:Cryosurgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life