Sialic acids: key determinants for invasion by the Apicomplexa.
Sialic acids are ubiquitously found on the surface of all vertebrate cells at the extremities of glycan chains and widely exploited by viruses and bacteria to enter host cells. Carbohydrate-bearing receptors are equally important for host cell invasion by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa. Host cell entry is an active process relying crucially on proteins that engage with receptors on the host cell surface and promote adhesion and internalisation. Assembly into complexes, proteolytic processing and oligomerization are important requirements for the functionality of these adhesins. The combination of adhesive proteins with varying stringency in specificity confers some flexibility to the parasite in face of receptor heterogeneity and immune pressure. Sialic acids are now recognised to critically contribute to selective host cell recognition by various species of the phylum.
Friedrich
Nikolas
N
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Matthews
Stephen
S
Soldati-Favre
Dominique
D
D000818:Animals; D016782:Apicomplexa / Q000502:physiology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D008024:Ligands; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000469:parasitology
D008024:Ligands; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012794:Sialic Acids