title: [Feasibility of auditory cortical stimulation for the treatment of tinnitus. Three case reports].
abstract: Tinnitus is a public health issue in France. Around 1 % of the population is affected and 30,000 people are handicapped in their daily life. The treatments available for disabling tinnitus have until now been disappointing. We report our experience on the treatment of these patients in neurosurgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2006 and 2008, transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was performed following several supraliminal and subliminal protocols in 16 patients whose mean age was 47 years (range, 35-71). All patients underwent anatomical and functional MRI of the auditory cortex before and 18 h after rTMS, to straddle the primary and secondary auditory cortices. All patients underwent audiometric testing by an ENT physician.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients responded with rTMS. After these investigations, two quadrapolar electrodes (Resume), connected to a stimulating device implanted under the skin (Synergy, from Medtronic), were extradurally implanted in three patients. The electrodes were placed between the primary and secondary auditory cortices. The mean follow-up was 25 months and significant improvement was found in these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The feasibility of cortical stimulation in symptomatic treatment of tinnitus was demonstrated by this preparatory work. The intermediate- and long-term therapeutic effects remain to be evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Unité de neurochirurgie fonctionnelle, service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Maison-Blanche, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims cedex, France. fabien.litre@mac.com
authors.forename: C-F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Litré
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giersky
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Theret
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leveque
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peruzzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rousseaux
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001299:Audiometry; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D016896:Treatment Outcome