title: Protection of cattle from Culicoides spp. in Australia by shelter and chemical treatments.
abstract: Trials were conducted in three regions of Australia to investigate the potential for improvised shelters and chemical treatments to reduce feeding by Culicoides on cattle and thereby minimise the risk of bluetongue transmission during transport of cattle to ports. Various designs and combinations of roofs and walls were placed around penned cattle. Chemical treatments were applied to other penned cattle. Culicoides were collected from the cattle by vacuum samplers or by light traps in the pens. Roofs alone did not consistently reduce the numbers of Culicoides brevitarsis or C. fulvus and increased the numbers of C. actoni collected. Walls alone reduced the numbers of C. wadai but not C. brevitarsis. Roofs and walls in combination reduced the numbers of C. brevitarsis and C. wadai. The chemical treatments 'Flyaway' (a blend of repellents) and fenvalerate reduced the numbers of C. brevitarsis and C. wadai up to 52 h post treatment.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Melville
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bellis
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Hunt