HDL cholesterol levels in children with mild hypercholesterolemia: effect of consuming skim milk enriched with olive oil and modulation by the TAQ 1B polymorphism in the CETP gene.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to examine the changes in serum lipids in children with mild hypercholesterolemia after the use of skim milk or olive-oil-enriched skim milk in their diet and the modulation of lipid levels by the Taq 1B polymorphism in the cholesteryl-ester transfer protein gene.


METHODS
Thirty-six prepubertal children with mild hypercholesterolemia were randomly assigned in a crossover design into 2 groups of 16 and 20 individuals. Both groups received, in sequential inverse order, the 2 types of milk for 2 periods of 6 weeks.


RESULTS
Carriers of at least 1 B2 allele had an adjusted basal HDL cholesterol level significantly higher than children with the B1B1 genotype (1.291 mmol/l, 95% CI: 1.184-1.397, vs. 1.082 mmol/l, 95% CI: 0.931-1.233; p = 0.027). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the adjusted basal levels of apolipoprotein A-I (B2 carriers: 1.292 g/l, 95% CI: 1.218-1.367; B1B1 genotype: 1.215 g/l, 95% CI: 1.109-1.320; p = 0.223). The intake of olive-oil-enriched skim milk caused significant increases in HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I, both in B2 (0.089 mmol/l, 95% CI: 0.032-0.146, p = 0.005; 0.55 g/l, 95% CI: 0.012-0.098; p = 0.018) and in B1B1 carriers (0.179 mmol/l, 95% CI: 0.096-0.262; p < 0.001; and 0.095 g/l, 95% CI: 0.032-0.157; p = 0.003). This increase in HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in the B1B1 group (p = 0.049).


CONCLUSIONS
The consumption of skim milk enriched with olive oil increases the HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels in children with hypercholesterolemia, this effect being more intense in carriers of the B1B1 genotype.
Estévez-González
María Dolores
MD
Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España. mestevez @ denf.ulpgc.es
Saavedra-Santana
Pedro
P
López-Ríos
Laura
L
Chirino
Ricardo
R
Cebrero-García
Elena
E
Peña-Quintana
Luis
L
Betancor-León
Pedro
P
D000818:Animals; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004032:Diet; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D009043:Motor Activity; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; C506642:CETP protein, human; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008055:Lipids; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D004247:DNA