title: Assessment of pulmonary arterial pressure during exercise in collagen vascular disease: echocardiography vs right-sided heart catheterization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study compared the results of exercise Doppler echocardiography (EDE) with right-sided heart catheterization (RHC) and evaluated the combination of EDE and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) as a screening method for early pulmonary vasculopathy in patients with connective tissue disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (N = 52) with connective tissue disease (predominantly systemic sclerosis) and without known pulmonary arterial hypertension underwent both EDE and CPET. If systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP) was > 40 mm Hg during exercise or peak oxygen uptake (Vo(2)) was < 75% predicted, RHC was suggested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EDE showed an SPAP > 40 mm Hg during exercise in 26/52 patients. Additionally, CPET showed a peak Vo(2) < 75% predicted in 10/26 patients with SPAP <or= 40 mm Hg upon exercise. Accordingly, RHC was suggested to 36 patients. RHC was performed in 28 of these patients, revealing SPAP > 40 mm Hg in 25 patients (n = 1 at rest, n = 24 during exercise). SPAP values assessed by EDE showed no significant difference vs RHC at rest, 25 W, 50 W, and maximal exercise (difference [95% CI]: 0.3 [-2.7; 3.2], -1.3 [-7.1; 4.4], 0.9 [-7.7; 5.9], and -5.6 [-13.5; 2.2] mm Hg). Eight patients with exercise SPAP > 40 mm Hg had an exercise pulmonary arterial wedge pressure > 20 mm Hg, suggesting exercise-induced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction not detectable by EDE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EDE appears to be a reasonable noninvasive method to detect SPAP increase during exercise in connective tissue disease. In combination with CPET, it may be a useful screening tool for early pulmonary vasculopathy, although RHC remains the gold standard for hemodynamic assessment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov; Identifier: NCT00609349 (Early Recognition of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension).
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 20, Austria. gabor.kovacs@klinikum-graz.at
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aberer
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brodmann
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scheidl
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hesse
authors.forename: Natascha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Troester
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Salmhofer
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stauber
authors.forename: Florentine C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Fuerst
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thonhofer
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ofner-Kopeinig
authors.forename: Ekkehard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gruenig
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olschewski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*