title: Children's beliefs toward cooperative playing with peers with disabilities in physical education.
abstract: Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) was used to elicit salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs of children without disabilities toward playing with a hypothetical peer with a disability in general physical education. Participants were 350 elementary and middle school students who completed two questionnaires. Questionnaires were assessed for content validity. Participants provided more affective (68%) than instrumental (32%) responses for favorable behavioral beliefs and more instrumental (76%) than affective (24%) responses for unfavorable beliefs. Peer social pressure was prevalent in favorable (69%) and unfavorable (99%) responses. Social pressure significantly varied across five grades, chi-squared(4, N = 448) = 40.51, p < .01. Participants responded many factors in the class would positively (76%) or negatively (89%) influence the behavior.
authors.affiliation: Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA.
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Obrusnikova
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: Suzanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dillon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001290:Attitude; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008282:Mainstreaming, Education / Q000458:organization & administration; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010988:Play and Playthings / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012938:Social Perception; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires