title: Association of anhedonia with recurrent major adverse cardiac events and mortality 1 year after acute coronary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression consistently predicts recurrent events and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but it has 2 core diagnostic criteria with distinct biological correlates-depressed mood and anhedonia (loss of pleasure or interest).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if depressed mood and/or anhedonia predict 1-year medical outcomes for patients with ACS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational cohort study of post-ACS patients hospitalized between May 2003 and June 2005. Within 1 week of admission, patients underwent a structured psychiatric interview assessing clinically impairing depressed mood, anhedonia, and major depressive episode (MDE). Also assessed were the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score, Charlson comorbidity index, left ventricular ejection fraction, antidepressant use, and depressive symptom severity using the Beck Depression Inventory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac units of 3 university hospitals in New York and Connecticut.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive sample of 453 patients with ACS (age, 25-93 years; 42% women).
  
  
  METHODS
  All-cause mortality (ACM) and documented major adverse cardiac events (MACEs)-myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, or urgent/emergency coronary revascularization)-actively surveyed for 1 year after admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 67 events (16 deaths and 51 MACEs; 14.8%): 108 (24%) and 77 (17%) patients had anhedonia and depressed mood, respectively. Controlling for sex, age, and medical covariates, anhedonia (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.14; P < .01) was a significant predictor of combined MACE and ACM, but depressed mood was not. Anhedonia continued to significantly predict outcomes (P < .05) when additionally controlling for MDE diagnosis or depressive symptom severity. Findings were confirmed using depressed mood and anhedonia subscores from the Beck Depression Inventory in place of clinician interview ratings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anhedonia identifies risk of MACE and ACM beyond that of established medical prognostic indicators, including MDE and depressive symptom severity. Correlates of anhedonia may add to the understanding of the link between depression and heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA. kd2124@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Karina W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Burg
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Kronish
authors.forename: Daichi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shimbo
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dettenborn
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehran
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vorchheimer
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clemow
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lespérance
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rieckmann
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology*; D002423:Cause of Death; D003237:Connecticut; D003863:Depression / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology*; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology*; D009518:New York; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis