title: Sleep induced by stimulation in the human pedunculopontine nucleus area.
abstract: The pedunculopontine nucleus is part of the reticular ascending arousal system and is involved in locomotion and sleep. Two patients with Parkinson disease received electrodes that stimulated the pedunculopontine nucleus area to alleviate their severe gait impairment. Instead, we found that low-frequency stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus area increased alertness, whereas high-frequency stimulation induced non-rapid eye movement sleep. In addition, the sudden withdrawal of the low-frequency stimulation was consistently followed by rapid eye movement sleep episodes in 1 patient. These data have the potential to benefit patients who suffer from sleep disorders.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_975 (Mixed Unity of Research), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris 6 University, Paris, France. isabelle.arnulf@psl.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arnulf
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferraye
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fraix
authors.forename: Alim Louis
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Benabid
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chabardès
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pollak
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Debû
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000628:therapy; D045042:Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology*