title: Transplantation of retinoic acid treated murine embryonic stem cells & behavioural deficit in Parkinsonian rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stem cell therapy has been considered as an ideal option for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs)-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons may substitute the degenerated neurons in the brain. In this study we generated highly enriched cultures of neural progenitors from mESCs and grafted them into the striatum of Parkinsonian rats to evaluate their ability to improve impaired function.
  
  
  METHODS
  An animal model was developed for Parkinson's disease in rats, using 6- hydroxy dopamine. The animals were divided into two groups: (i) the control group treated with culture medium only, and (ii) the experimental group, which was treated with a murine ESC cell-line (CCE). Transplanted cells were labelled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), exposed to retinoic acid and then engrafted within the striatum of the rat model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treated ES cells by retinoic acid were found to relieve apomorphine-induced asymmetric motor behaviour. Immunohistochemistry results revealed tyrosine hydroxlase immunoreactivity in engrafted cells 15 days after transplantation. Further, the ultrastructural examination along with cresyl violet staining confirmed that the cells gained neuronal and glial appearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that retinoic acid treatment and transplanting ESC cells to the lessioned brain can lead to the generation of putative dopaminergic neurons and functional recovery in parkinsonian rat model with.
authors.affiliation: Kurdistan Center for Cellular & Molecular Research, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj,Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran. farfath@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Fardin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fathi
authors.forename: Taki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Altiraihi
authors.forename: Seyed Javad
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mowla
authors.forename: Mansoreh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Movahedin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation
chemical_list: D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine