title: [Evaluation of urine specific gravity as an index of hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although most cesarean sections are done under spinal anesthesia, we often experience severe hypotension. Fluid resuscitation is usually carried out for prevention of hypotension, but it is difficult to assess the suitable infusion volume. We examined whether the urine specific gravity can predict hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety nine patients (ASA 1 or 2) undergoing elective cesarean section were recruited. After dural puncture, we collected the cerebrospinal fluid and injected 2 ml of hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine. Thereafter urethral catheters were inserted, and then we collected the urine sample. The specific gravity of each sample was measured by using refractometer after the operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a good correlation between the urinary output and the urine specific gravity. The minimum systolic blood pressure until delivery, the total dose of ephedrine, and the maximum sensory block level showed a significant, but not particularly strong correlation with the urine specific gravity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that it was difficult to predict hypotension by using urine specific gravity because the correlation was too weak.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Daiyukai General Hospital, Ichinomiya 491-8551.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sudani
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Motoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dohi
mesh_terms: D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002045:Bupivacaine; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004809:Ephedrine; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013046:Specific Gravity; D014556:Urine / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004809:Ephedrine; D002045:Bupivacaine