title: Design and performance of a respiratory amplitude gating device for PET/CT imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, the authors proposed a free-breathing amplitude gating (FBAG) technique for PET/CT scanners. The implementation of this technique required specialized hardware and software components that were specifically designed to interface with commercial respiratory gating devices to generate the necessary triggers required for the FBAG technique. The objective of this technical note is to introduce an in-house device that integrates all the necessary hardware and software components as well as tracks the patient's respiratory motion to realize amplitude gating on PET/CT scanners.
  
  
  METHODS
  The in-house device is composed of a piezoelectric transducer coupled to a data-acquisition system in order to monitor the respiratory waveform. A LABVIEW program was designed to control the data-acquisition device and inject triggers into the PET list stream whenever the detected respiratory amplitude crossed a predetermined amplitude range. A timer was also programmed to stop the scan when the accumulated time within the selected amplitude range REACHED a user-set interval. This device was tested using a volunteer and a phantom study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results from the volunteer and phantom studies showed that the in-house device can detect similar respiratory signals as commercially available respiratory gating systems and is able to generate the necessary triggers to suppress respiratory motion artifacts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed in-house device can be used to implement the FBAG technique in current PET/CT scanners.
authors.affiliation: Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
authors.forename: Guoping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Osama R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Mawlawi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009038:Motion; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014159:Transducers