title: Hyperuricemia as an independent risk factor of chronic kidney disease in middle-aged and elderly population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperuricemia in the general population remains controversial, in terms of it being considered a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Within this context, we evaluated the effects of hyperuricemia on renal function in older Taiwanese adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2002 to December 2006, we conducted a community-based medical screening program involving 31,331 subjects older than 40 years. According to the National Kidney Foundation guidelines, stage 3 to 5 patients with CKD were included for analysis. Age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and proteinuria were considered potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with hyperuricemia tended to have higher systolic blood pressure, sugar levels, body mass index, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels but lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels; eGFR negatively correlated with serum uric acid level. By using multiple logistic regression models before and after adjusting for any confounding factors, we noted that participants with hyperuricemia had a 4.036-fold (odds ratios = 4.036) and 3.649-fold (odds ratios = 3.649) increased risk for CKD, respectively, compared with the control group. We used multiple linear regression analysis to examine the association of serum uric acid level and eGFR at different stages of CKD; significance was found only in participants with stage 3 CKD and not in participants with stages 4 or 5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for CKD in middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese adults. Thus, an effective screening program that identifies people with hyperuricemia is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chun-Wu
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Pei-Hsien
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chen-Chou
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Yung-Chien
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Hsun-Hao
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hsueh-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Long-Chuan
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ming-Chung
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jong
authors.forename: Chiu-Yueh
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kuei-Ying
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Yu-Shiu
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Ya-Hsueh
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Chun-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid