title: Dynamic changes of inflammatory markers in brain after hemorrhagic stroke in humans: a postmortem study.
abstract: This histopathologic case-control study was designed to characterize the dynamic changes in protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)/p65 subunit, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in postmortem brains of patients with and without intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Thirty-six human brains from patients with ICH and six control brains were included in this study. We found that expression levels of NF-kappaB/p65, MIP-2, and MMP-9 were each upregulated on the injured side of the hippocampus at times ranging from 2h to 5days post-ICH. Interestingly, the expression of all three markers was also upregulated on the uninjured side of the hippocampus and in the cerebellum, although to a lesser extent. These data suggest that inflammation occurs early and persists for several days after ICH in humans and could be involved in the progression of ICH-induced secondary brain damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China. wuher_2008@hotmail.com
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zhiyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ruibo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yuejia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001344:Autopsy / Q000379:methods*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators