title: Long-term cancer risk of immunosuppressive regimens after kidney transplantation.
abstract: Cancer is a widely recognized complication of transplantation, and the effects of various immunosuppressive drugs on cancer risk remains controversial. This randomized trial allocated 489 recipients of first cadaveric renal transplants to one of three groups: Azathioprine and prednisolone, cyclosporine monotherapy, or cyclosporine monotherapy followed by a switch to azathioprine and prednisolone after 3 months. Here, we report cancer outcomes by non-skin cancer (including melanoma) and skin cancer (excluding melanoma) for 481 patients during a median follow-up of 20.6 years. A total of 226 patients developed at least one cancer: 95 with non-skin cancer and 171 with skin cancer. In the intention-to-treat analysis, mean times to first non-skin cancer (16.0, 15.3, and 15.7 years for groups 1 through 3, respectively) and first skin cancer (13.6, 14.3, and 15.2 years, respectively) were not different among the three groups or between any subgroup. In multivariate analyses, non-skin cancer associated with increasing age and previous smoking history, whereas skin cancer associated with increasing age, nonbrown eye color, fairer skin, and a functioning transplant. Treatment allocation did not associate with development of either form of cancer in multivariate analyses. In conclusion, these immunosuppressive regimens, widely used in recent decades, carry similar risks for carcinogenicity after kidney transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, George Institute for International Health, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia. mgallagher@george.org.au
authors.forename: Martin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Meg
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jardine
authors.forename: Vlado
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perkovic
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cass
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Josette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eris
authors.forename: Angela C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Webster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents