title: Percutaneous collagen induction-regeneration in place of cicatrisation?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ablative procedures that are used for the improvement of a degenerative process that leads to a loss of skin elasticity and integrity, injure or destroy the epidermis and its basement membrane and lead to fibrosis of the papillary dermis. It was recently shown in clinical and laboratory trials that percutaneous collagen induction (PCI) by multiple needle application is a method for safely treating wrinkles and scars and smoothening the skin without the risk of dyspigmentation. In our study, we describe the effect of PCI on epidermal thickness and the induction of genes relevant for regenerative processes in the skin in a small animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The purpose of this study in a rat model was to determine the effects of PCI on the skin both qualitatively and quantitatively. The epidermal and dermal changes were observed by histology and immunofluorescence. The changes in gene expression were measured by array analysis for cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-7, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and extracellular matrix molecules such as collagen type I and type III.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present study showed that PCI with topical vitamins resulted in a 140% increase in epidermal thickness; an increase in gene and protein expression of collagen I, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and growth factors such as VEGF, EGF and FGF7. The collagen fibre bundles were increased, thickened, and more loosely woven in both the papillary and reticular dermis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We were able to show that PCI modulates gene expression in skin of those genes that are relevant for extracellular matrix remodelling.
authors.affiliation: Department for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany. aust_matthias@gmx.de
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Aust
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reimers
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Repenning
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scheper
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jahn
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schwaiger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ipaktchi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Redeker
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Altintas
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Vogt
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012060:Rejuvenation / Q000502:physiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015595:Skin Aging; D017592:Skin Care / Q000379:methods; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014801:Vitamin A; D014807:Vitamin D; D003094:Collagen