title: [Reversible ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis in three children with renal diseases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical characteristics of ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis in children with renal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three children with renal diseases developed biliary pseudolithiasis when they were treated with ceftriaxone. Their clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Case one was an 11-year-old boy. The initial diagnosis was primary nephrotic syndrome. Ceftriaxone was administered intravenously at a dose of 2 g/d [50 mg/(kg * d)] for gastroenteritis. After that the boy complained of nausea and loss of appetite. Abdominal sonogram obtained on day 3 of ceftriaxone therapy revealed gallbladder sludge. After cessation of ceftriaxone treatment, symptoms and ultrasound abnormalities gradually disappeared, with complete sonographic resolution after 16 days. Case two was a 10-year-old boy. The primary diagnosis was post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis with acute renal failure. The child was treated with 1.5 g/d [30 mg/(kg * d)] intravenous ceftriaxone for gastroenteritis. After that, the boy complained of nausea and abdominal pain with positive Murphy's sign. Gallstone was detected by ultrasonographic examination on day 6 of ceftriaxone therapy. After cessation of ceftriaxone treatment, symptoms and sonographic abnormalities gradually disappeared, with complete sonographic resolution after 18 days. Case three was a 12-year-old boy. The primary diagnosis was nephrotic syndrome. He was treated with 2 g/d [40 mg/(kg.d)] ceftriaxone for gastroenteritis. Gallbladder lithiasis was detected 17 days after the initiation of ceftriaxone therapy (3 days after cessation of ceftriaxone treatment). Gallbladder sonogram was found to be normal two months after the discontinuation of the therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biliary pseudolithiasis occurred in 3 cases with renal diseases receiving low doses of ceftriaxone. The risk of developing ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis might increase in patients with renal diseases who are treated with ceftriaxone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Xu-hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Xiu-wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.forename: Jian-ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hui-jie
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ai
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D041761:Cholecystolithiasis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002443:Ceftriaxone