title: Is early correction of congenital ventricular septal defect a better option in a developing country?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess and evaluate the effectiveness of early ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair in a developing country by comparing the outcomes in two age groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 39 patients underwent VSD repair at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi over a period of 2.5 years. Patients were divided into Group 1 (<2 years) and Group 2 (2-18 yrs). Perioperative and postoperative variables were reviewed retrospectively for each patient and compared with the development of complications and the effect on postoperative recovery times. The data was analyzed using Mann Whitney test for continuous variables and Fischer's exact test for categorical variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age at surgery was 10.1 +/- 7.0 months and 108.5 +/- 54.0 months for both groups, respectively. Two patients died. Procedure time was not affected by decreasing age (p = 0.622) but Cardio pulmonary Bypass duration (p = 0.040) and Aortic Cross Clamp time (p = 0.063) were significantly affected. No associated significance was obtained when hospital stay (p = 0.085) was observed. Increased duration of ventilation (p = 0.000) and length of ICU stay (p = 0.003) were highly significant for the younger age group. Presence of residual VSD (p = 0.025) was also significantly affected by lower age. There was no significant difference in the number of patients with complications (p = 1.000) among the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age does not increase morbidity rates after VSD repair although postoperative recovery times are increased with decreasing age. Hence, there is no justification in delaying VSD repair.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi.
authors.forename: Awais
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ashfaq
authors.forename: Hassaan Ashraf
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Zia
authors.forename: Muhammad Muneer
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Amanullah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome