title: Rate of cervical cancer, severe intraepithelial neoplasia, and adenocarcinoma in situ in primary HPV DNA screening with cytology triage: randomised study within organised screening programme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the performance and impact of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA screening with cytology triage compared with conventional cytology on cervical cancer and severe pre-cancerous lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population based screening programme for cervical cancer in southern Finland in 2003-5.
  
  
  METHODS
  58 076 women, aged 30-60, invited to the routine population based screening programme for cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary HPV DNA test (hybrid capture II) with cytology triage if the result was positive or conventional cytological screening (reference).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rate of cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade III, and adenocarcinoma in situ (as a composite outcome referred to as CIN III+) during 2003-7 through record linkage between files from the screening registry and the national cancer registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the HPV and conventional arms there were 95 600 and 95 700 woman years of follow-up and 76 and 53 cases of CIN III+, respectively (of which six and eight were cervical cancers). The relative rate of CIN III+ in the HPV arm versus the conventional arm was 1.44 (95% confidence interval 1.01 to 2.05) among all women invited for screening and 1.77 (1.16 to 2.74) among those who attended. Among women with a normal or negative test result, the relative rate of subsequent CIN III+ was 0.28 (0.04 to 1.17). The rate of cervical cancer between arms was 0.75 (0.25 to 2.16) among women invited for screening and 1.98 (0.52 to 9.38) among those who attended.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When incorporated into a well established organised screening programme, primary HPV screening with cytology triage was more sensitive than conventional cytology in detecting CIN III+ lesions. The number of cases of cervical cancer was small, but considering the high probability of progression of CIN III the findings are of importance regarding cancer prevention.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN23885553.
authors.affiliation: Mass Screening Registry of the Finnish Cancer Registry, Pieni Roobertinkatu 9, FIN-00130 Helsinki, Finland. ahti.anttila@cancer.fi
authors.forename: Ahti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anttila
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kotaniemi-Talonen
authors.forename: Maarit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leinonen
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hakama
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laurila
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tarkkanen
authors.forename: Nea
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Malila
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nieminen
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D015342:DNA Probes; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D004279:DNA, Viral