title: Cortisol production patterns in young children living with birth parents vs children placed in foster care following involvement of Child Protective Services.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine differences in waking to bedtime cortisol production between children who remained with birth parents vs children placed in foster care following involvement of Child Protective Services (CPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between-subject comparison of cortisol patterns among 2 groups of children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children referred from the child welfare system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred thirty-nine children aged 2.9 to 31.4 months who were living with birth parents (n = 155) or placed in foster care (n = 184) following CPS involvement as well as 96 unmatched children from low-risk environments. Main Exposures Involvement by CPS and foster care. Main Outcome Measure Salivary cortisol samples obtained at waking and bedtime for children on 2 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Child Protective Services-involved children who continued to live with birth parents and CPS-involved children placed in foster care differed in cortisol production, with children living with their birth parents showing flatter slopes in waking to bedtime values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuing to live with birth parents following involvement of CPS is associated with greater perturbation to the diurnal pattern of cortisol production than living with foster parents. Foster care may have a regulating influence on children's cortisol among children who have experienced maltreatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. kbernard@psych.udel.edu
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Butzin-Dozier
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rittenhouse
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dozier
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002657:Child Development; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005581:Foster Home Care / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007223:Infant; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone