title: The Shell Disability Management Program: a five-year evaluation of the impact on absenteeism and return-on-investment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of the Shell Disability Management Program (DMP) on U.S. manufacturing employee absenteeism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We estimated absence episodes and days lost per employee from 2004 to 2008 compared to pre-program values in 2002, and productivity gains from transitional duty (TD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2002 and 2008, absence episodes/100 employees decreased from 37.4 to 25.7 among hourly workers but increased from 9.7 to 13.1 among staff employees. Days lost per employee decreased from 7.4 to 5.2 for hourly employees and were virtually unchanged for staff employees. TD resulted in 6042 days saved in 2006 and 11,438 days in 2008, with direct cost savings of more than $4.1 million from 2006 to 2008.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Shell DMP emphasizes absence tracking, timely return-to-work, and facilitation of TD. Absenteeism decreased significantly after DMP implementation, particularly among hourly employees, with an estimated 2.4:1 return-on-investment.
authors.affiliation: Shell Health Americas, Shell Oil Company, Houston, TX 77252-2463, USA. judy.wendt@shell.com
authors.forename: Judy K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wendt
authors.forename: Shan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Faiyaz A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Bhojani
authors.forename: Derrick L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D015397:Program Evaluation; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult