title: A new computer method for assessing drawing impairment in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: A test battery, consisting of self-assessments and motor tests (tapping and spiral drawing tasks) was used on 9482 test occasions by 62 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) in a telemedicine setting. On each test occasion, three Archimedes spirals were traced. A new computer method, using wavelet transforms and principal component analysis processed the spiral drawings to generate a spiral score. In a web interface, two PD specialists rated drawing impairment in spiral drawings from three random test occasions per patient, using a modification of the Bain & Findley 10-category scale. A standardised manual rating was defined as the mean of the two raters' assessments. Bland-Altman analysis was used to evaluate agreement between the spiral score and the standardised manual rating. Another selection of spiral drawings was used to estimate the Spearman rank correlations between the raters (r=0.87), and between the mean rating and the spiral score (r=0.89). The 95% confidence interval for the method's prediction errors was +/-1.5 scale units, which was similar to the differences between the human raters. In conclusion, the method could assess PD-related drawing impairments well comparable to trained raters.
authors.affiliation: Academy of Industry and Society, Computer Science, Dalarna University, Borlänge, Sweden. jwe@du.se
authors.forename: Jerker
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westin
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghiamati
authors.forename: Mevludin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Memedi
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nyholm
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dougherty
authors.forename: Torgny
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Groth
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001154:Art; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D020407:Internet; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D015588:Observer Variation; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa