title: The effect of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and flaxseed oil, alone and in combination, on MCF-7 tumor growth and signaling pathways.
abstract: Flaxseed (FS), an oilseed containing high amounts of the phytoestrogen lignan, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), and n-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid-rich oil (FO), has been shown to inhibit the growth of established human breast tumors (MCF-7) in ovariectomized (OVX) athymic mice. However, the major FS component responsible for this effect and the mechanism(s) of its action are unclear. Hence, this study determined, in a 2 x 2 factorial design, the effect of SDG and FO, alone or in combination, on the growth of established human estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast tumors and the potential mechanism(s) of its action. OVX mice with established ER+ human breast tumors (MCF-7) were treated for 8 wk with basal diet (BD, control) or BD supplemented with SDG (1 g/kg), FO (38.5 g/kg), or SDG + FO. All treatments reduced the tumor growth, but SDG had the greatest effect primarily through reducing tumor cell proliferation rather than increasing apoptosis. SDG had a main effect in the reduction of PS2, BCL2, and IGF-1R mRNA expression, whereas FO had a main effect only in PAKT reduction. SDG alone also lowered the ERalpha, ERbeta, EGFR, BCL2 mRNA, and PMAPK protein, indicating that its effect involves the modulation of the ER- and growth factor receptor-mediated signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E2.
authors.forename: Jasdeep Kaur
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Saggar
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.forename: Lilian U
authors.initials: LU
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002072:Butylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002072:Butylene Glycols; D005960:Glucosides; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D008043:Linseed Oil; C090142:secoisolariciresinol diglucoside