title: Alterations of p53 and Bcl-2 protein expression in the recurrent laryngeal and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification of molecular events of the recurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx and pharynx may aid in refining treatment strategies and improving outcome. The underlying molecular events of these recurrent tumors involve alterations in the tumor suppressor genes (p53) and protooncogenes (Bcl-2). We hypothesize that the development of these recurrent tumors involves alterations of the p53 and Bcl-2 proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test this hypothesis, 15 laryngeal and pharyngeal biopsy specimens obtained from 15 patients with recurrent laryngeal or pharyngeal SCC with different grades (II-IV) were immunostained for p53 and Bcl-2 protein expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Examination of the percentage of positive cells in the normal mucosa and SCC, respectively, showed significant up-regulation of p53 (0.0 ± 0.0 vs 51.8 ± 5.9, P = .00) and Bcl-2 protein expression (36.5 ± 3.5 vs 74.6 ± 1.9, P = .00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alterations of the p53 and Bcl-2 proteins occur during the development of recurrent SCC. Additional studies are needed to confirm and extend our results.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, ENT Department, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt. urashad2008@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Usama M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Rashad
authors.forename: Mahmoud R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: Samy M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Algizawy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015994:Incidence; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53