Post-prandial lipid metabolism, lipid-modulating agents and cerebrovascular integrity: implications for dementia risk.
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is secreted as an apolipoprotein of nascent triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) derived from both liver and intestine, but is better recognized as the principal protein component of senile plaque in subjects with Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies suggest that exaggerated exposure to plasma Aβ can compromise cerebrovascular integrity, resulting thereafter in blood to brain delivery of plasma proteins including TRL-Aβ. Parenchymal deposits of Aβ show significant immunoreactivity to apolipoprotein B (apo B), consistent with the notion of lipoprotein-Aβ entrapment. In wild type mice chronically fed physiologically relevant diets, saturated fats (SFA) enhance chylomicron-Aβ concomitant with disturbances in blood-brain barrier integrity. Similarly, dietary cholesterol promotes cerebrovascular extravasation of apo B lipoprotein-Aβ. In this study, we investigated the effects of atorvastatin, pravastatin and probucol on dietary-fat induced disturbances in BBB function. Atorvastatin, a lipid soluble HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor prevented SFA induced parenchymal extravasation of apo B-Aβ at 28 days when incorporated into the diet at 20 mg/kg. In contrast, pravastatin a water soluble agent had no effect on BBB integrity at an equivalent dose. In cholesterol supplemented mice, probucol maintained BBB function and extravasation of apo B-Aβ was not evident. The findings suggest that some lipid-modulating agents may be effective in ameliorating the negative effects of saturated fats and cholesterol on cerebrovascular integrity.
Pallebage-Gamarallage
Menuka M S
MM
Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University of Technology and ATN Centre for Metabolic Health and Fitness, Perth, WA, Australia.
Takechi
Ryusuke
R
Lam
Virginie
V
Galloway
Susan
S
Dhaliwal
Satvinder
S
Mamo
John C L
JC
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000378:metabolism; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*; D002914:Chylomicrons / Q000378:metabolism; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012307:Risk Factors
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D002914:Chylomicrons; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents