title: Validation of a structured questionnaire for COPD and prevalence of COPD in rural area of Mysore: A pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing in India and there is a need to study the prevalence of COPD, particularly in the rural areas, which may be most affected due to their lifestyle.
  
  
  METHODS
  FIRST STAGE: Validation of the questionnaire-105 consecutive patients underwent administration of the structured questionnaire and spirometry was used as a gold standard for the diagnosis of COPD. Second stage: Adults above 40 years (n = 900) in two villages of Mysore district were administered with the validated questionnaire, Knowledge and Attitude questionnaire and Fagerstorm questionnaire, to assess nicotine dependency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The questionnaire was found to have a sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 87.6% to diagnose COPD. Of the total 900 adults surveyed (Males: 453, Females: 447), the total prevalence of COPD was 7.1%. Males had a higher prevalence (11.1%) compared to females (4.5%). The prevalence of smoking was very high among men at 71.9% and all the women were nonsmokers. The prevalence of COPD was 14.7% in smokers, 19.3% had mild to moderate nicotine dependency and 12.8% were highly dependent. Of the women exposed to regular biomass fuels, the prevalence of COPD was 3.9%, which increased to 4.8% on addition of regular passive smoking. In smoking, male gender and age were significantly associated with COPD (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The structured questionnaire is a useful tool for the screening of COPD in field studies. Smoking and biomass fuel exposure are important risk factors for COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysore - 570004, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Mahesh
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Jayaraj
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Prahlad
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chaya
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jindal