title: Use of biomarkers of collagen types I and III fibrosis metabolism to detect cardiovascular and renal disease in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
abstract: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among captive chimpanzees. The most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease among chimpanzees is sudden cardiac death. Myocardial fibrosis was the only significant pathologic lesion observed in affected animals at necropsy. We previously showed an association between myocardial fibrosis and sudden cardiac death. The presumed pathogenesis was interstitial myocardial fibrosis that led to decreased myocardial contractility and interrupted signal propagation in the heart, leading to fibrillation and resulting in sudden cardiac death. In this pilot study, we assayed 5 biomarkers of collagen types I and III metabolism and fibrogenesis and studied their association with CVD in chimpanzees. The biomarker MMP1 did not crossreact in chimpanzee sera and could not be studied further. Two biomarkers (TIMP1 and PINP) and their difference showed no significant association with CVD in chimpanzees. The biomarkers ICTP and PIIINP were significantly increased in cases of CVD with concurrent renal disease. Furthermore, both biomarkers showed a significant trend to increase with disease severity. We conclude that ICTP and PIIINP warrant further study for antemortem detection of renal and myocardial fibrosis in chimpanzees.
authors.affiliation: Alamogordo Primate Facility, Charles River Consulting and Staffing Services, Holloman Airforce Base, New Mexico, USA. john.ely@crl.com
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ely
authors.forename: Micah A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lammey
authors.forename: Meg M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sleeper
authors.forename: Jörg M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: D Rick
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018420:Ape Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000378:metabolism*; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000097:blood; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D011347:Procollagen / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D024061:Collagen Type III; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011347:Procollagen; C041876:procollagen Type III-N-terminal peptide; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1