title: Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging and tractography of the lower spinal cord: application to diastematomyelia and tethered cord.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility of routine clinical DTI of the lower spinal cord using high-field-strength MRI and parallel imaging, and to evaluate the utility of diffusion tensor imaging and tractography as tools for study of lower cord pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with diastematomyelia, one patient with tethered cord, and six normal volunteers underwent MR imaging of the lower spine at 3 T. A 15-channel spine coil and parallel imaging were used with a six-direction single-shot echo-planar gradient echo technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal volunteers, tractography delineated the conus and cauda equina. Tractography software permitted assessment of fractional anisotropy of the distal cord and nerve roots. In cases of tethered cord, tractography correlated with anatomical imaging. Tractography also correlated with the anatomical pathological findings in cases of diastematomyelia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methods described enable routine DTI and tractography of the lower spinal cord at 3 T. Compared with conventional imaging, tractography offers additional information that may prove useful in the characterization and surgical planning for congenital lesions involving the lower spinal cord.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fletcher Allen Healthcare, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Jay V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Gonyea
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Linnell
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cauley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000473:pathology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology*