title: Transfusion practice and guidelines in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the relationship between clinical practice and national guidelines for the transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), platelets, and cryoprecipitate in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units (ICUs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven ICUs over a 5-week period from August to September 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational, multicentre, cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 874 patients receiving any type of blood transfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who were transfused at least one unit of any blood component were included. Patient-specific and blood-component specific data were gathered. Pre-transfusion haemoglobin, platelet count, international normalised ratio (INR), and fibrinogen levels were compared to national guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all 874 patients, 757 received RBCs (86.6%), 231 (26.4%) received platelets, 340 (38.9%) received FFP, and 78 (8.9%) received cryoprecipitate. Bleeding was the reason for administration of RBCs in 46%, FFP in 55%, and platelets in 47% of transfusions. The mean (SD) pre-transfusion haemoglobin was 77.6 (9.5) g/l, while the geometric means (95% CI) for platelet count, INR, and fibrinogen were 67.0 (59.7-75.3) x 10(9)/l, 1.84 (1.76-1.93), and 1.4 (1.1-1.8) g/l, respectively. The proportions of transfusions not adherent to guidelines were 2% for RBC, but 53% for platelets, 29% for FFP, and 88% for cryoprecipitate (RBC vs. other transfusion p < 0.001 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transfusion practice of RBCs in Australian and New Zealand ICUs is restrictive and is concordant with guidelines. However, the transfusion of other blood components is not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Westbrook
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pettilä
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nichol
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Syres
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Street
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orford
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santamaria
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D016913:Blood Component Transfusion / Q000592:standards; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000592:standards*; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D019370:Observation; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies