title: HDL cholesterol levels in children with mild hypercholesterolemia: effect of consuming skim milk enriched with olive oil and modulation by the TAQ 1B polymorphism in the CETP gene.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to examine the changes in serum lipids in children with mild hypercholesterolemia after the use of skim milk or olive-oil-enriched skim milk in their diet and the modulation of lipid levels by the Taq 1B polymorphism in the cholesteryl-ester transfer protein gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six prepubertal children with mild hypercholesterolemia were randomly assigned in a crossover design into 2 groups of 16 and 20 individuals. Both groups received, in sequential inverse order, the 2 types of milk for 2 periods of 6 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carriers of at least 1 B2 allele had an adjusted basal HDL cholesterol level significantly higher than children with the B1B1 genotype (1.291 mmol/l, 95% CI: 1.184-1.397, vs. 1.082 mmol/l, 95% CI: 0.931-1.233; p = 0.027). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the adjusted basal levels of apolipoprotein A-I (B2 carriers: 1.292 g/l, 95% CI: 1.218-1.367; B1B1 genotype: 1.215 g/l, 95% CI: 1.109-1.320; p = 0.223). The intake of olive-oil-enriched skim milk caused significant increases in HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I, both in B2 (0.089 mmol/l, 95% CI: 0.032-0.146, p = 0.005; 0.55 g/l, 95% CI: 0.012-0.098; p = 0.018) and in B1B1 carriers (0.179 mmol/l, 95% CI: 0.096-0.262; p < 0.001; and 0.095 g/l, 95% CI: 0.032-0.157; p = 0.003). This increase in HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in the B1B1 group (p = 0.049).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The consumption of skim milk enriched with olive oil increases the HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels in children with hypercholesterolemia, this effect being more intense in carriers of the B1B1 genotype.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España. mestevez @ denf.ulpgc.es
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Estévez-González
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saavedra-Santana
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: López-Ríos
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chirino
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cebrero-García
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peña-Quintana
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Betancor-León
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004032:Diet; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D009043:Motor Activity; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; C506642:CETP protein, human; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008055:Lipids; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D004247:DNA