title: Mineral trioxide aggregate or calcium hydroxide direct pulp capping: an analysis of the clinical treatment outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) might improve the prognosis of teeth after pulp exposure. The treatment outcome of teeth after direct pulp capping, either with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) or calcium hydroxide (controls), was investigated, taking into account possible confounding factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty-nine patients treated between 2001 and 2006 who received direct pulp capping treatment in 167 teeth met the inclusion criteria. Treatment was performed by supervised undergraduate students (72%) and dentists (28%). Assessment of clinical and radiographic outcomes was performed by calibrated examiners 12-80 months after treatment (median, 27 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred eight patients (122 treated teeth) were available for follow-up (72.5% recall rate). A successful outcome was recorded for 78% of teeth (54 of 69) in the MTA group and for 60% of teeth (32 of 53) in the the calcium hydroxide group. The univariate analysis (generalized estimation equations model [GEE model] showed a significant difference in the success rate (odds ratio [OR], 2.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-5.32; P = .04). In the multiple analysis (GEE model), the OR is marginally inside the nonsignificant range (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19-1.02; P = .05) when conspicuous confounding factors are stabilized (univariate analysis). Multiple analysis showed that teeth that were permanently restored >or=2 days after capping had a significantly worse prognosis in both groups (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09-0.66; P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTA appears to be more effective than calcium hydroxide for maintaining long-term pulp vitality after direct pulp capping. The immediate and definitive restoration of teeth after direct pulp capping should always be aimed for.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry Division of Endodontics, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. johannes.mente@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mente
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geletneky
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohle
authors.forename: Martin Jean
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Paul Georg
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Friedrich Ding
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dreyhaupt
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Hans Joerg
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Staehle
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pfefferle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003785:Dental Pulp Capping / Q000379:methods*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide