title: Synthesis of alkyl- and aryl-amino-substituted anthraquinone derivatives by microwave-assisted copper(0)-catalyzed Ullmann coupling reactions.
abstract: This protocol describes the efficient, generally applicable Ullmann coupling reaction of bromaminic acid with alkyl- or aryl-amines in phosphate buffer under microwave irradiation using elemental copper as a catalyst. The reaction leads to a number of biologically active compounds. As a prototypical example, the synthesis of a new, potent antagonist of human platelet P2Y(12) receptors, which has potential as an antithrombotic drug, is described in detail. The optimized protocol includes a description of an appropriate reaction setup, thin layer chromatography for monitoring the reaction and a procedure for the isolation, purification and characterization of the anticipated product. The reaction is performed without the use of a glove box and there is no requirement for an inert atmosphere. The reaction typically proceeds within 2-30 min, the protocol, including workup, generally takes 1-3 h to complete.
authors.affiliation: PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. younis.baqi@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Younis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baqi
authors.forename: Christa E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008872:Microwaves; D015394:Molecular Structure; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D003300:Copper