title: Tenosynovitis with psammomatous calcification: a poorly recognized pseudotumor related to repetitive tendinous injury.
abstract: Tenosynovitis with psammomatous calcification, described in 1983 by Gravanis and Gaffney, is a distinctive clinicopathologic variant of "idiopathic calcifying tenosynovitis" or "calcific tendonitis." However, tenosynovitis with psammomatous calcification is poorly recognized by pathologists and for this reason has not been adopted widely as a distinct entity. We present the clinicopathologic features of 6 cases of tenosynovitis with psammomatous calcification. Cases involved the tendons, peritendinous soft tissues, and adjacent synovium of the distal extremities (3 fingers, 2 feet, and 1 carpal tendon) of women who ranged in age from 16 to 83 years (mean 48 y). The lesions presented a painful mass. A history of occupational or sports-related repetitive motion and/or persistent mild trauma was noted in all patients. No patient had a history of hyperphosphatemia. All lesions were treated by surgical excision and described clinically as variably cystic nodules composed of amorphous "cheese-like" debris. Histologically, the lesions were centered in the tendon or peritendinous soft tissue and composed of a mixed (myo) fibroblastic and histiocytic proliferation in association with a degenerating tendinous tissue, which was undergoing dystrophic calcification, with the formation of distinctive psammoma body-like spheroidal bodies. The clinical and morphologic characteristics of tenosynovitis with psammomatous calcification (distal location, absent hyperphosphatemia, and psammomatous calcifications) differ from those of typical idiopathic calcifying tenosynovitis/calcific tendinitis (proximal location and dystrophic tendinous calcification) and tumoral calcinosis (hyperphosphatemia and amorphous soft tissue calcification), and it should be recognized as a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Improved recognition of these unique features by pathologists should allow ready diagnosis of this unusual pseudotumor in most instances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Wonwoo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shon
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Folpe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013717:Tenosynovitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult