title: An amplification of IL-10 and TGF-beta in patients with IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) shows characteristic serum IgG4 elevation and increased IgG4-positive plasma cells in the renal interstitium, and inclusion of TIN as an IgG4-related systemic disease has been suggested. IgG4 is the rarest IgG subclass and is a Th2-dependent isotype with low affinity for target antigen. Although the pathogenesis of this disease has not been elucidated, positive serum immune complex and hypocomplementemia in some patients with this disease suggest that immune complex mechanisms are involved in the causation of this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 20 cases of histological diagnosed TIN. These cases were etiologically different and included 4 cases of IgG4-related TIN. We extracted RNA from paraffin embedded biopsied kidney and evaluated expression levels of various cytokines for each case by real time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison of cytokine production patterns among different disease-associated TINs revealed that IgG4-related TIN exhibited a quite distinct pattern. On the one hand, there was no expression of IL-2, IFN-gamma IL-17 and IL-6, whereas production of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-beta was, on the other hand, remarkably increased in IgG4-related TIN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these cytokine production results, Th2 and Treg appear to play a central role in IgG4-related TIN.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan. hnakashi@fukuoka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000502:physiology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012333:RNA, Messenger