title: Comparison of the Nuss and the Ravitch procedure for pectus excavatum repair: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pectus excavatum is the most common chest wall deformity in children. Two procedures are widely applied-the Nuss and the Ravitch. Several comparative studies are published evaluating both procedures with inconsistent results. Our objective was to compare the Nuss procedure to the Ravitch procedure using systematic review and meta-analysis methodology.
  
  
  METHODS
  All publications describing both interventions were sought through the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) database, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. The statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5 software. Odds ratios (OR) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals are presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No randomized trials were identified. Nine prospective and retrospective studies were identified and were included in this study. There was no significant difference in overall complication rates between both techniques (OR, 1.75 (0.62-4.95); P = .30). Looking at specific complications, the rate of reoperation because of bar migration or persistent deformity was significantly higher in the Nuss group (OR, 5.68 (2.51-12.85); P = .0001). Also, postoperative pneumothorax and hemothorax were higher in the Nuss group (OR, 6.06 [1.57-23.48]; P = .009 and OR, 5.60 [1.00-31.33]; P = .05), respectively. Duration of surgery was longer with the Ravitch (WMD, 69.94 minutes (0.83-139.04); P = .05). There was no difference in length of hospital stay (WMD, 0.4 days (-2.05 to 2.86); P = .75) or time to ambulation after surgery (WMD, 0.33 days [-0.89 to 0.23]; P = .24). Among studies looking at patient satisfaction, there was no difference between both techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest no differences between the Nuss procedure vs the Ravitch procedure with respect to overall complications, length of hospital stay, and time to ambulation. However, the rate of reoperation, postoperative hemothorax, and pneumothorax after the Nuss procedure were higher compared to the Ravitch procedure. No studies showed a difference in patient satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasr
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fecteau
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wales
mesh_terms: D005660:Funnel Chest / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome