title: Effect of cigarette smoke and whiskey on the color stability of dental composites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke and whiskey on the color stability of resin composites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disk-shaped specimens (8 mm x 1 mm) were prepared with five composites in two different shades (n=10). After light-curing, the specimens were stored in dark containers with artificial saliva at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Baseline color was measured by CIEL*a*b* using a colorimeter (Easy-Shade, VITA). Half of the specimens were subjected to a discoloration process in a cigarette smoking machine (SM) and the other half to an immersion in whiskey (WH) for 24 hours. Another color measurement was performed for discolored specimens. The samples subjected to smoking were immersed in whiskey (SM/WH) and those subjected to whiskey immersion were subjected to cigarette smoking (WH/SM) followed by another color measurement. Color changes (delta E*) were calculated and submitted to repeated measures 4-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (P<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most significant color change was observed after WH/SM (delta E*= 22.8-31.5) discoloration process, followed by SM (delta E*= 7.0-18.0), SM/WH (delta E*= 4.9-16.5) and WH (delta E*= 2.0 to 9.5). Translucent shades were more susceptible to discoloration than enamel shades. All the groups, with the exception of two, showed a significantly high perceptible color change (delta E*>3.3). Based on the results, the color stability of dental composites was affected by the discoloration process and was material and shade dependent.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Post-graduate Program, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana de Souza Araújo
authors.initials: Mde S
authors.lastname: Wasilewski
authors.forename: Marcos Kenzo
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Giovanna Andraus
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kirsten
authors.forename: Evelise Machado
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: de Souza
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003116:Color; D003124:Colorimetry; D003188:Composite Resins; D012907:Smoking; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins