title: Craniomaxillofacial falling bullet injuries and management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to bring attention to craniocerebral maxillofacial perforating/penetrating injuries due to AK-47 Kalashnikov falling bullets (FBs); these dangerous injuries to both civilians and soldiers are rare. A review of the literature shows no reports on AK-47 FBs leading to double craniocerebral perforation and settling into the maxillofacial region. The number of victims, the AK-47's availability, the associated morbidity and mortality rates, and the rarity of cases prompted this article.
  
  
  METHODS
  The treatment of injuries to the craniocerebral facial clinical profile due to FBs is challenging, and an understanding of the neurosurgical and maxillofacial management of these low-velocity FB injuries is required.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We treated 11 cases due to AK-47 rifle FBs and 1 due to anti-aircraft Dashka 12.7-mm FBs. Craniocerebral facial injuries were treated and lodged bullets removed from different challenging locations in the base of the skull, without increasing morbidity and with avoidance of unnecessary surgical trauma to the affected area by the bullets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The required identification of such injuries can be difficult, and the removal of the lodged bullet to prevent secondary complications and reduce the chance of secondary infection can be graver than in other parts of the body. AK-47 FBs are a major public health concern internationally and require serious attention in terms of protection and management for civilians and soldiers in uniform.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq. sabrishuker@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sabri T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Shuker
authors.forename: Raid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sadda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D044709:Forensic Ballistics; D006112:Gravitation; D020197:Head Injuries, Penetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014857:Warfare; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult