title: Frequent and prolonged shedding of bocavirus in young children attending daycare.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about human bocavirus (HBoV) persistence and shedding and the association between HBoV detection and the onset and resolution of respiratory symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed HBoV testing on nasal swab samples from a prospective, longitudinal study of respiratory illness in 119 children who attended daycare.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HBoV was detected in 70 children (59%) and in 106 (33%) of the 318 cases of illness. Another virus was detected in 76 (72%) of 106 HBoV-positive cases. Extended and intermittent shedding was observed, with consistent HBoV detection documented for up to 75 days. HBoV was detected in 20 (44%) of 45 asymptomatic enrollment samples, and HBoV prevalence and viral load did not differ significantly between children with and children without symptoms at enrollment. HBoV-positive illnesses were longer than HBoV-negative illnesses (odds ratio for duration of symptoms >7 days, 2.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.41-4.22), and illnesses with HBoV load 4 log(10) copies/mL required a visit to a health care provider more often than did HBoV-negative illnesses (odds ratio, 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.64).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HBoV was more common in illnesses with greater severity. However, detection of HBoV was not associated with the presence of respiratory illness or with specific respiratory symptoms in this prospective study of infants and toddlers attending daycare centers.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. emily.martin@seattlechildrens.org
authors.forename: Emily T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Mary P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Fairchok
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuypers
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magaret
authors.forename: Danielle M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zerr
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wald
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Englund
mesh_terms: D002353:Carrier State / Q000821:virology*; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D056661:Human bocavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000821:virology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000821:virology*; D017201:Virus Shedding