title: MUC1-based recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccines as candidates for breast cancer immunotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The challenge in breast cancer vaccine development is to find the best combination of antigen, adjuvant and delivery system to produce a strong and long-lasting immune response. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a potential candidate target for breast cancer immunotherapy. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is used widely in human vaccines. Furthermore, it can potentially offer unique advantages for developing a safe and effective multi-vaccine vehicle. Due to these properties, the development of MUC1 based recombinant BCG (rBCG) vaccines for breast cancer immunotherapy has gained great momentum in recent years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our aim is to discuss the recent progress in MUC1-based breast cancer immunotherapy and to highlight the advantages of MUC1-based rBCG vaccines as the new breast cancer vaccines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several promising MUC1-based rBCG vaccines have been shown to induce MUC1-specific antitumor immune responses in pre-clinical studies. This review updates and evaluates this very important and rapidly developing field, and provides a critical perspective and information source for its potential clinical applications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MUC1-based rBCG vaccines have been shown to elicit an effective anti-tumor immune response in vivo demonstrating its potential utility in breast cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China. shifangy@fmmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Shifang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Changhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; C060192:MUC1 protein, human; D018396:Mucin-1; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic