title: Comparative effectiveness of medical interventions in adults versus children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the comparative effectiveness of medical interventions in adults versus children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Issue 1, 2007) meta-analyses with data on at least 1 adult and 1 pediatric randomized trial with binary primary efficacy outcome. For each meta-analysis, we calculated the summary odds ratio of the adult trials and the pediatric trials, respectively; the relative odds ratio (ROR) of the adult versus pediatric odds ratios per meta-analysis; and the summary ROR across all meta-analyses. ROR <1 means that the experimental intervention is more unfavorable in children than adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across 128 eligible meta-analyses (1051 adult and 343 pediatric trials), the summary ROR did not show a statistically significant difference between adults and children (0.96; 95% confidence intervals, 0.86 to 1.08). However, in all meta-analyses except for 1, the individual ROR's 95% confidence intervals could not exclude a relative difference in efficacy over 20%. In two-thirds, the relative difference in observed point estimates exceeded 50%. Nine statistically significant discrepancies were identified; 4 of them were also clinically important.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment effects are on average similar in adults and children, but available evidence leaves large uncertainty about their relative efficacy. Clinically important discrepancies may occur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Despina G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Contopoulos-Ioannidis
authors.forename: Maria S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Baltogianni
authors.forename: John P A
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ioannidis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D057186:Comparative Effectiveness Research; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D016896:Treatment Outcome