title: Development of a classification system for extrinsic hair damage: standard grading of electron microscopic findings of damaged hairs.
abstract: Human hairs experience damage and restoration processes consistently because of various external and internal factors. To analyze degrees of hair damage, morphological studies based on electron microscopy (EM), and biochemical studies based on protein and lipid analysis have been proposed and are widely used. Among them, morphological analysis through EM is a fundamental method in understanding the degree of damage and restoration. EM has been very useful in assessing extrinsic and intrinsic damage of hair and various pathological alopecias and also in estimating the efficacy of various kinds of products related to hair care. However, morphological studies have some limitations because they have been described using varying terms and subjective descriptions by different researchers. To establish an objective classification of damaged hair using uniform terms and standardizations. We analyzed over 2000 scanning electron microscopic and transmission electron microscopic findings of normal and of various kinds of damaged hairs to develop a standard grading system for the damaged hairs. After reviewing the results of the electron microscopic pictures, we proposed a standard grading system based on scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. We developed and proposed an easy, objective, and useful standard grading system of damaged hairs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 162 Ilsan-Dong, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Youn-Duk
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Jae Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Won-Soo
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002965:Classification / Q000379:methods*; D006197:Hair / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006203:Hair Preparations / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012015:Reference Standards; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D006203:Hair Preparations