title: Laparoscopic living-donor nephrectomy: analysis of the existing literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic living-donor nephrectomy (LLDN) has achieved a permanent place in renal transplantation and in some centers has replaced open donor nephrectomy as the standard technique.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the published literature regarding the relative results and complications of open LLDN and the hybrid technique of hand-assisted LLDN.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the literature was performed, searching PubMed and Web of Science. A "free text" protocol using the term living-donor nephrectomy was applied. Six hundred twenty-nine records were retrieved from the PubMed database and 686 records were retrieved from the Web of Science database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-seven comparative studies were identified in the literature search. The three techniques of open, laparoscopic, and hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy were compared in terms of reported outcomes. With regard to the perioperative outcome parameters, laparoscopy was better than open surgery in terms of blood loss, analgesic requirements, and duration of hospital stay and convalescence. Postoperative graft function was not significantly different between the different forms of donor nephrectomy, although longer warm ischemia times are reported for laparoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All three techniques of live-donor nephrectomy are standard of care. The laparoscopic techniques result in less postoperative pain and estimated blood loss with shorter hospital stay, while postoperative graft function is not inferior to that after open live-donor nephrectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Martin-Luther-University, Halle Saale, Germany. francesco.greco@medizin.uni-halle.de
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: M Raschid
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hoda
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alcaraz
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: Oliver W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Hakenberg
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fornara
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D019520:Living Donors; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome