title: The improved phytoextraction of lead (Pb) and the growth of maize (Zeamays L.): the role of plant growth regulators (GA3 and IAA) and EDTA alone and in combinations.
abstract: This investigation was made to examine the role of gibberellic acid (GA(3)), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and EDTA in improving phytoextraction of the Pb and plant growth on Pb added soil. GA(3), IAA and EDTA were applied separately and in combinations. GA(3) and IAA were applied as foliar spray and seed soaking. EDTA was applied in single and split doses. Analysis of the Pb in different parts of plant was carried out using atomic absorption/flame spectrophotometer. EDTA significantly reduced the plant growth and dry biomass, whereas GA(3) and IAA foliar spray increased it significantly when compared with control (only Pb added soil). In combined treatments of EDTA+GA(3) and EDTA+IAA, the growth and biomass was restored, which shows that GA(3) and IAA did compensate the negative effect of EDTA on plant growth. The separate treatments of EDTA, GA(3) and IAA increased the Pb uptake and translocation significantly moreover in combine treatments, synergistic effect was found and remarkable increase in Pb uptake and translocation into shoot was observed. EDTA increased the Pb uptake but declined the biomass; subsequently the total Pb accumulation was decreased in plant. The maximum total Pb was found in combined treatment of EDTA+GA(3). These findings suggest more investigation to find a combination of GA(3) with a very low concentration of EDTA, as in high concentration it causes soil and ground water pollution.
authors.affiliation: Phytohormones Laboratory, Plant Sciences Department, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. fazal.hadi@plymouth.ac.uk <fazal.hadi@plymouth.ac.uk>
authors.forename: Fazal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hadi
authors.forename: Asghari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bano
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Fuller
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D005875:Gibberellins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead; C030737:indoleacetic acid; D004492:Edetic Acid; C007842:gibberellic acid