title: Assessing youth risk behavior in a clinical trial setting: lessons from the infant health and development program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article was to describe the use of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) with known 17-18-year-old patients in follow-up of a multisite randomized clinical trial, and to develop a new scoring algorithm indicating the degree of risk-taking behavior for between-group analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five questions from the YRBSS were incorporated into the study questionnaire, with the development of safety plans to guide the disposition of participants. The YRBSS questions were grouped into two categories (with three subdomains each) named problem behaviors (conduct problems, sexual behavior, and suicide/hopelessness) and substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana use), with scores for each subdomain indicating high, moderate, and low risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 677 participants, the safety plan was activated 215 times for 199 (29.4%) of participants. Risk behaviors included binge drinking (149), alcohol/substance use and driving (41), depression (22), hopelessness (37), and suicidal ideation (13; all in the past). No emergency room evaluations were required. The subdomain scaling was analyzed by demographic characteristics, and findings were consistent with the literature; for example, higher rates of conduct problems in males, more suicidal ideation in females, greater sexual risk in African Americans, more substance use in males and whites, and more alcohol use in youth with mothers with higher levels of education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  YRBSS can be administered in a research setting with appropriate safety precautions. These results should provide a useful guide to the application of the YRBSS to other adolescent populations in the future.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. elizabeth.woods@childrens.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Buka
authors.forename: Camilia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salganik
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gueguen
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brooks-Gunn
authors.forename: Marie C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: McCormick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000465:Algorithms; D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012309:Risk-Taking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires