title: Is periprocedural sedation during acute stroke therapy associated with poorer functional outcomes?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To safely perform acute intra-arterial revascularization procedures, use of sedative medications and paralytics is often necessary. During the conduct of the Interventional Management of Stroke trials (I and II), the level of sedation used periprocedurally varied. At some institutions, patients were paralyzed and intubated as part of the procedural standard of care while at other institutions no routine sedation protocol was followed. The aim of this study was to identify patient characteristics that would correlate with the need for deeper sedation and to explore whether levels of sedation relate to patient outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  75 of 81 patients in the Interventional Management of Stroke II Study were studied. Patients had anterior circulation strokes and underwent angiography and/or intervention. Four sedation categories were defined and tested for factors potentially associated with the level of sedation. Clinical outcomes were also analyzed, including successful angiographic reperfusion and the occurrence of clinical complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale varied significantly by sedation category (p=0.01). Patients that were in the lower sedation category fared better, having a higher rate of good outcomes (p<0.01), lower death rates (p=0.02) and higher successful angiographic reperfusion rates (p=0.01). There was a significantly higher infection rate in patients receiving heavy sedation or pharmacologic paralysis (p=0.02) and a trend towards fewer groin related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small sample, patients not receiving sedation fared better, had higher rates of successful angiographic reperfusion and had fewer complications. Further examination of the indications for procedural sedation or paralysis and their effect on outcome is warranted.
authors.affiliation: South Denver Neurosurgery, Littleton Adventist Hospital, Colorado 80122, USA. cwnich@gmail.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carrozzella
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yeatts
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomsick
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Broderick
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khatri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives