title: Glycoprotein expression in human milk during lactation.
abstract: While milk proteins have been studied for decades, strikingly little effort has been applied to determining how the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of these proteins may change during the course of lactation. PTMs, particularly glycosylation, can greatly influence protein structure, function, and stability and can particularly influence the gut where their degradation products are potentially bioactive. In this work, previously undiscovered temporal variations in both expression and glycosylation of the glycoproteome of human milk are observed. Lactoferrin, one of the most abundant glycoproteins in human milk, is shown to be dynamically glycosylated during the first 10 days of lactation. Variations in expression or glycosylation levels are also demonstrated for several other abundant whey proteins, including tenascin, bile salt-stimulated lipase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and mannose receptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Froehlich
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Dodds
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barboza
authors.forename: Erica L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: McJimpsey
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Seipert
authors.forename: Jimi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Hyun Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Samara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: J Bruce
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: German
authors.forename: Carlito B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lebrilla
mesh_terms: D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D007781:Lactoferrin