title: Usefulness of contrast-enhanced transabdominal ultrasound for tumor classification and tumor staging in the pancreatic head.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and compare it to ultrasound (US) and 64-slice-CT (64-CT) for diagnosing, staging and evaluation of resectability of pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  US, CEUS and 64-CT were performed in 49 consecutive patients with pancreatic head tumors and with suspected cancer. After evaluation 44 patients had pancreatic head adenocarcinoma and 5 had chronic pancreatitis, all confirmed by histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity of US, CEUS and 64-CT for diagnosing malignant pancreatic head tumors was 89%, 86% and 93%, respectively, and the overall accuracy was 82%, 86% and 88% respectively. There was no significant difference in the malignant tumor size measurement between US and CEUS (p = 0.3619) or between US and 64-CT (p = 0.2129), but a significant difference was seen in the size measured by CEUS and 64-CT (p = 0.0197). The CEUS measurements on the tumor size were smaller. The overall accuracy for M staging of the patients who had surgery for adenocarcinoma was 86% and 90% for US + CEUS and 64-CT, respectively. By performing the CEUS and 64-CT we additionally found, respectively, 35% and 45% non-resectable patients of a group of patients, who were considered resectable on the primary radiological image material.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEUS may be a useful diagnostic tool in the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic head tumors. For the assessment of resectability CEUS did not prove useful. However, CEUS seemed very useful as an additional instrument in the detection of non-resectable patients already considered resectable on primary radiological image material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Ultrasound, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. hannesonder@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Hanne Sønder
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Grossjohann
authors.forename: Eli David
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Rappeport
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Lars Bo
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Svendsen
authors.forename: Jens Georg
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hillingsø
authors.forename: Carsten Palnaes
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Michael Bachmann
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*