title: Low-income countries' orthopaedic information needs: challenges and opportunities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Internet should, in theory, facilitate access to peer-reviewed scientific articles for orthopaedic surgeons in low-income countries (LIC). However, there are major barriers to access, and most full-text journal articles are available only on a subscription basis, which many in LIC cannot afford. Various models exist to remove such barriers. We set out to examine the potential, and reality, of journal article access for surgeons in LIC by studying readership patterns and journal access through a number of Internet-based initiatives, including an open access journal ("PLoS Medicine"), and programs from the University of Toronto (The Ptolemy Project) and World Health Organization (WHO) (Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative [HINARI]).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Do Internet-based initiatives that focus on peer-reviewed journal articles deliver clinically relevant information to those who need it? More specifically: (1) Can the WHO's program meet the information needs of practicing surgeons in Africa? (2) Are healthcare workers across the globe aware of, and using, open access journals in a manner that reflects global burden of disease (GBD)?
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared actual Ptolemy use to HINARI holdings. We also compared "PLoS Medicine" readership patterns among low-, middle-, and high-income regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many of the electronic resources used through Ptolemy are not available through HINARI. In contrast to higher-income regions, "PLoS Medicine" readership in Africa is proportional to both the density of healthcare workers and the GBD there.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Free or low-cost Internet-based initiatives can improve access to the medical literature in LIC. Open access journals are a key component to providing clinically relevant literature to the regions and healthcare workers who need it most.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Room S-107, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doughty
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D022126:Access to Information; D000349:Africa; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001292:Attitude to Computers; D015706:Bibliometrics; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D020407:Internet / Q000191:economics; D055811:Journal Impact Factor; D008490:Medical Informatics; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000191:economics; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014944:World Health Organization