title: Endonuclease G does not play an obligatory role in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-dependent cell death after transient focal cerebral ischemia.
abstract: Activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and subsequent translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor contribute to caspase-independent neuronal injury from N-methyl-d-aspartate, oxygen-glucose deprivation, and ischemic stroke. Some studies have implicated endonuclease G in the DNA fragmentation associated with caspase-independent cell death. Here, we compared wild-type and endonuclease G null mice to investigate whether endonuclease G plays a role in the PARP-dependent injury that results from transient focal cerebral ischemia. Latex casts did not reveal differences in the cerebral arterial distribution territory or posterior communicating arterial diameter, and the decrease in laser-Doppler flux during middle cerebral artery occlusion was similar in wild-type and endonuclease G null mice. After 90 min of occlusion and 1 day of reperfusion, similar degrees of nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor and DNA degradation were evident in male wild-type and null mice. At 3 days of reperfusion, infarct volume and neurological deficit scores were not different between male wild-type and endonuclease G null mice or between female wild-type and endonuclease G null mice. These data demonstrate that endonuclease G is not required for the pathogenesis of transient focal ischemia in either male or female mice. Treatment with a PARP inhibitor decreased infarct volume and deficit scores equivalently in male wild-type and endonuclease G null mice, indicating that the injury in endonuclease G null mice remains dependent on PARP. Thus endonuclease G is not obligatory for executing PARP-dependent injury during ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Zhenfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Karen K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Zeng-Jin
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ted M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Valina L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Raymond C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Koehler
mesh_terms: D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D026603:D-Aspartic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015424:Reperfusion; D020521:Stroke / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D026603:D-Aspartic Acid; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; C052391:endonuclease G; D020169:Caspases