title: Assessing change in body composition in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis versus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the ability of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and skinfold thickness (ST) measurements to estimate changes in body composition in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A secondary analysis was performed on 26 ambulatory DMD boys aged 3-11 y selected for a randomised trial of glutamine supplementation. We assessed fat free mass (FFM) and percentage fat mass (%FM) by BIA (monofrequency (50kHz) unit), ST measurements and a criterion method, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and repeated these measures 5 mo later at 3 outpatient clinical investigation centers in France.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with DXA reference method, ST overestimated change in FFM (P<0.01), whereas BIA estimates did not differ from DXA. Concordance plots revealed that when compared with DXA, ST overestimated the increase in FFM (mean: 0.6 kg; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.99) which led to an underestimation in %FM change (mean: -1.4%; 95% CI: -2.6 to -0.2), whereas BIA estimated change in FFM (mean: -0.05 kg; 95% CI: -0.39 to 0.29) and %FM (mean: 1.3%; 95% CI: -0.06 to 2.7) more accurately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BIA method can be used to follow changes in nutritional status of ambulatory DMD children or to evaluate treatment efficacy.
authors.affiliation: INSERM Centre D'Investigation Clinique 802, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Letellier
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cuisset
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Denjean
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gottrand
authors.forename: Régis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hankard
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods*; D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000378:metabolism*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012885:Skinfold Thickness