title: Evaluation of an intervention for apathy after traumatic brain injury: a multiple-baseline, single-case experimental design.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apathy is diminished initiation, sustained activity, and concern about goal-directed behaviors. It occurs in between 46% and 71% of adults with traumatic brain injury and has widespread effects. Despite this, evidence for treatment of apathy is sparse, with no evidence for treatments aimed at sustaining activity toward goal-directed behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multiple-baseline, single-case experimental design evaluated a novel treatment for apathy in a 32-year-old man with traumatic brain injury. This treatment incorporated motivational interviewing and external compensation to increase sustained activity toward cumulative goals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A specific treatment effect was demonstrated. Reliable Change Indices indicated a significant decrease in apathy that was maintained at 1-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment had a strong and specific effect on treated goal-directed activity and decreased apathy. The success of treatment was dependent on initiation as well as sustaining goal-directed activity.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Studies Unit, University of Sydney, and Royal Rehabilitation Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. amandal@med.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lane-Brown
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tate
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057565:Apathy; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales