title: In vivo MRI of altered proton signal intensity and T2 relaxation in a bleomycin model of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ability of proton ((1)H) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to distinguish between pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 5) were instilled intratracheally with bleomycin (2.5 U/kg or 3.5 U/kg) in saline or with saline only. Rats were imaged at 2.0 Tesla using a multi-slice Carr-Purcell-Meilboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence with 6 ms echo spacing. Signal intensity (S(0)) and T(2) were calculated on a pixel-by-pixel basis using images collected before dosing and 1, 2, 4, and 7 weeks after. At each time point, data from dosed animals were compared with controls, and bivariate statistical analysis was used to classify image pixels containing abnormal tissue. At week 7, pulmonary function tests were performed, then all rats were killed, left lungs were formalin fixed and tri-chrome stained for histological analysis of collagen content, and right lungs were used to measure water and hydroxyproline (collagen) content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The product S(0)xT(2) significantly correlated with water and collagen content in the high-dose group (P = 0.004 and P = 0.03, respectively). However, S(0) and T(2) of abnormal tissue were correlated for all time points (r = 0.93, P < 0.001), and could not distinguish inflammation from fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI can be used to confidently localize pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, but it lacks specificity.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Biological Monitoring and Modeling, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Brett G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Amidan
authors.forename: Jolen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soelberg
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Minard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001761:Bleomycin; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011522:Protons; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D001761:Bleomycin