title: Standards of care and clinical predictors in patients hospitalised for a COPD exacerbation--the Italian SOS (Stratification Observational Study).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hospitalisations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations are major events in the natural history of the disease in terms of survival, quality of life and risk of further episodes of exacerbation. The aims of study were to evaluate: 1. adherence to recommended standards of care; and 2. clinical factors influencing major outcomes during hospitalisation for an episode of COPD exacerbation and within a 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational, prospective study was conducted in 68 centres. Assessment of standards of care included diagnostic procedures (such as pulmonary function tests and microbiology) and management options (such as drug therapies, vaccinations and rehabilitation). Outcome measures relevant to the hospitalisation were: survival, need for mechanical ventilation, and length of stay (LOS). Outcomes at 6-months were: survival, exacerbations and hospitalisations for an exacerbation. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to evaluate the relation between clinical factors and outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  931 patients were enrolled. Only 556 patients (59.7%) were diagnosed COPD and stratified for severity with the support of spirometry (FEV1/VC < or = 0.7) and were considered for outcome analysis. Among treatments, pulmonary rehabilitation and anti-smoking counselling were applied infrequently (14.5 and 8.1% of patients, respectively). Within six months 63 COPD patients (17.7%) had at least one episode of exacerbation prompting a further hospitalisation and 19 died (5.3%). Predictor of mortality was the co-morbidity Charlson index (odds ratio, OR 10.3, p=0.03 CI: 1.25-84.96). A further hospitalisation was predicted by hospitalisation for an exacerbation in the previous 12 months (OR 3.59, p=0.003 CI: 1.54-8.39).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standards of care were far lower than recommended, in particular 40% of patients were labelled as COPD without spirometry. COPD patients with a second hospitalisation in 12 months for an exacerbation had about 3 times the risk of suffering a new episode and hospitalisation in the following six months.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, San Sebastiano Hospital, Local Health Authority (AUSL) of Reggio Emilia, Correggio, I, Italy. lusuardimi@ausl.re.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lusuardi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blasi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terzano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cricelli
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Crispino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Comarella
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Benedetto
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sanguinetti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Allegra
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Donner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012138:Respiratory Therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis