title: Prophylactic and curative activities of extracts from Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (Canellaceae) and Zanthoxylum usambarense (Engl.) Kokwaro (Rutaceae) against Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium berghei.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This work reports the anti-plasmodial activities of Warburgia ugandensis and Zanthoxylum usambarense commonly used as phytomedicines against malaria by some Kenyan communities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the anti-plasmodial activities of extracts from Warburgia ugandensis and Zanthoxylum usambarense against Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium berghei.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight plant extracts were screened for in vitro anti-plasmodial activity against Plasmodium knowlesi, in a 96-well plate incubated at 37 degrees C on a RPMI culture medium supplemented with baboon serum. Of the eight, three were investigated for prophylactic and curative activities in BALB/c mice against drug-sensitive Plasmodium berghei in a 4-day test at a dose rate of 200mg/kg/day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) values of between 3.14 and 75 microg/ml, up to 69% chemosuppression of parasites growth and over 80% survivorship of treated mice were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two medicinal plants, Warburgia ugandensis and Zanthoxylum usambarense possess bioactive compounds against malaria parasites and could be exploited for further development into malaria therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Were
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kinyanjui
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gicheru
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mwangi
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ozwara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003470:Culture Media; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000187:drug effects*; D016790:Plasmodium knowlesi / Q000187:drug effects*; D027821:Rutaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D032106:Zanthoxylum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D010936:Plant Extracts