title: Three-dimensional fast acquisition with sonographically based volume computer-aided analysis for imaging of the fetal heart at 18 to 22 weeks' gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine how frequently cardiac images derived from 3-dimensional (3D) volume sets, acquired by fast acquisition and evaluated with sonographically based volume computer-aided analysis (sonoVCAD), were satisfactory for prenatal screening at 18 to 22 weeks' gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of 100 women with singleton pregnancies was undertaken. Three fast acquisition 3D volume sets were obtained from each patient. Four reviewers independently evaluated the 4-chamber and 5 extracted VCAD views. Factors contributing to unsatisfactory screening were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency with which adequate views for cardiac screening could be obtained varied widely; some single views, such as that of the stomach, were well seen frequently, whereas others, such as the ductal arch, were well seen significantly less frequently (P < .05). A satisfactory screening examination, defined as a visualized 4-chamber, left ventricular outflow tract, right ventricular outflow tract, and axial stomach view, was obtained for 43% to 65% of patients (dependent on reviewer). Logistic regression revealed that obesity (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-5.0) and a fetus with the spine toward the maternal abdomen (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.5) were independently associated with an unsatisfactory screening examination
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional fast acquisition volumes evaluated with sonoVCAD did not allow a satisfactory fetal cardiac screening examination to be obtained a high percentage of the time in a general obstetric population during the second trimester. Certain patient factors, such as body habitus and fetal position, are associated with unsatisfactory 3D imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. lcohen@nmff.org
authors.forename: Leeber
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Kristie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mangers
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Grobman
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gotteiner
authors.forename: Svena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Julien
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dungan
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Platt
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*