title: Estrogen receptor mediates the effects of pseudoprotodiocsin on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells.
abstract: Estrogen receptors (ERs) play a pivotal role in adipogenesis; therefore, compounds targeting ERs may also affect fat formation. Recent studies have shown that the Dioscorea plant (commonly called yam) exhibits an antiobesity effect on rodents. However, the active compounds and underlying mechanisms responsible for this effect are not yet fully understood. We evaluated the effects of pseudoprotodiocsin (PPD), a steroid saponin from Dioscorea nipponica Makino (a type of Dioscorea), on adipogenesis and the mechanisms underlying this effect. Treatment with PPD at the onset of adipogenic differentiation resulted in significantly decreased adipogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. An increased amount of ERalpha mRNA, protein, and the accumulation of ERalpha in the nucleus were also observed. However, the expression pattern of ERbeta was not altered. Furthermore, the antiadipogenic effect of PPD was found to be ER dependent. It was also accompanied by the decreased expression of several genes involved in adipogenesis, including lipoprotein lipase (LPL), leptin, CCAAT/enhancer-binding-protein-alpha (C/EBPalpha), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma), as well as the increased expression of some negative factors of adipogenesis, including preadipocyte factor 1 (Pre-1), GATA-binding protein 2 (GATA-2), GC-induced leucine-zipper protein (GILZ), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP-10). In addition to its estrogenic action, PPD also abolished the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation. Our results suggest that PPD inhibits adipogenesis in an ER-dependent manner and induces the expression of ERalpha. These findings may provide a lead toward a novel agent that can be used to treat obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Nai-li
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Guo-ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D027742:Dioscorea / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012503:Saponins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012503:Saponins; C550738:pseudoprotodiocsin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases