title: Short-term case fatality rate and associated factors among inpatients with diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state: a hospital-based analysis over a 15-year period.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are usually life threatening, but the recent trend of 28-day case-fatality and associated risk factors including Charlson index have not been known. Our aim was to evaluate the 28-day case-fatality rate among hospitalized DKA and HHS patients in a teaching hospital in Taiwan from 1991 to 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  DKA and HHS admissions, identified from in-patient electronic database, were linked to Taiwan's national death registry. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine the 28-day case-fatality rates of DKA and HHS, and to compare the trend of case-fatality over three consecutive 5-year periods (i.e, 1991-1995, 1996-2000, 2001-2005). We also used the Cox proportional hazard regression model to explore the determinants of 28-day case-fatality of the study patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 28-day case-fatality rates for DKA and HHS were 6.10% and 18.83%, and the lowest ones were observed in 2001-2005 (2.65% and 11.63% in DKA and HHS, respectively). Pneumonia was a significant predictor for increased 28-day case-fatality in both illnesses. Additionally, older age and stroke were significantly associated with increased case-fatality in DKA patients while myocardial infarction and higher Charlson index were significant predictors for higher case-fatality in HHS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvements in case-fatality in recent years for both DKA and HHS were found in the study hospital. Further reduction of the case-fatality rate among DKA and HHS patients can be achieved by optimal management of certain co-morbidities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hua-Fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chih-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hsin-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ting-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: See
authors.forename: Mei-Hsiu
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ju-Ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Ming-Tsang
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chung-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000639:trends*; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D006944:Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult