title: Issues and updates: evaluating estrogen receptor-alpha, progesterone receptor, and HER2 in breast cancer.
abstract: There are currently three prognostic/predictive biomarkers used in routine clinical management of patients with breast cancer, and their assessment is mandatory. They include estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha), progesterone receptor (PgR), and the HER2 oncogene/oncoprotein. This paper briefly reviews the assessment of ERalpha, PgR, and HER2 in breast cancer, emphasizing recent progress and persistent controversies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. dcallred@path.wustl.edu
authors.forename: D Craig
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Allred
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018734:Genes, erbB-2; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human