Dynamic changes of inflammatory markers in brain after hemorrhagic stroke in humans: a postmortem study.
This histopathologic case-control study was designed to characterize the dynamic changes in protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)/p65 subunit, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in postmortem brains of patients with and without intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Thirty-six human brains from patients with ICH and six control brains were included in this study. We found that expression levels of NF-kappaB/p65, MIP-2, and MMP-9 were each upregulated on the injured side of the hippocampus at times ranging from 2h to 5days post-ICH. Interestingly, the expression of all three markers was also upregulated on the uninjured side of the hippocampus and in the cerebellum, although to a lesser extent. These data suggest that inflammation occurs early and persists for several days after ICH in humans and could be involved in the progression of ICH-induced secondary brain damage.
Wu
He
H
Department of Pathology, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China. wuher_2008@hotmail.com
Zhang
Zhiyi
Z
Hu
Xiaoli
X
Zhao
Ruibo
R
Song
Yuejia
Y
Ban
Xiang
X
Qi
Jiping
J
Wang
Jian
J
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001344:Autopsy / Q000379:methods*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*
D018836:Inflammation Mediators