title: Potential aggregation-prone regions in complementarity-determining regions of antibodies and their contribution towards antigen recognition: a computational analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze contribution of short aggregation-prone regions (APRs), which may self-associate via cross-beta motif and were earlier identified in therapeutic mAbs, towards antigen recognition via structural analyses of antibody-antigen complexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A dataset of 29 publically available high-resolution crystal structures of Fab-antigen complexes was collected. Contribution of APRs towards the surface areas of the Fabs buried by the cognate antigens was computed. Propensities of amino acids to occur in APRs and to be involved in antigen binding were compared. Coincidence between APRs and individual CDR loops was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All Fabs in the dataset contain at least one APR in CDR loops and adjacent framework beta-strands. The average contribution of APRs towards buried surface area of Fabs is 16.0 +/- 10.7%. Aggregation and antigen recognition may be coupled via aromatic residues (Tyr, Trp), which occur with high propensities in both APRs and antigen binding sites. APRs are infrequent in the heavy chain CDR 3 (H3) loops (7%), but are frequent in H2 loops (45%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Co-incidence of APRs with antigen recognition sites can potentially lead to the loss of function upon aggregation. Rational structure-based design or selection strategies are suggested for biotherapeutics with improved druggability while maintaining potency.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research and Development BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Satish K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry*; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D022801:Complementarity Determining Regions / Q000737:chemistry*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D007147:Immunoglobulin Light Chains / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D022801:Complementarity Determining Regions; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007147:Immunoglobulin Light Chains