title: Can relative strength between the back and knees differentiate lifting strategy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether relative strength between the back and knees can differentiate and predict lifting strategy and the effects of gender, load magnitude, and knowledge of strength on the strategy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although muscular strength is thought to play a vital role in the mechanics of lifting, how localized joint strengths and their relations influence lifting strategy remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two participants (16 men and 16 women) underwent isokinetic strength tests and were then divided into two groups: one provided with the knowledge of their strength test results and the other not. They subsequently performed the same set of simulated lifting tasks while their lifting kinematics were being recorded. Postural indices to quantify the lifting strategies were derived from the kinematic data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio of back strength versus total knee strength and gender had significant effects on measures quantifying the lifting strategy. A statistical model incorporating gender, strength, and anthropometry achieved an R2 value of .64 and predicted correctly 76% of lifting strategies used by individual participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with back strength greater than their total knee strength tended to use a back-preferred lift strategy, and vice versa, suggesting that muscular strength is a determining factor of lifting strategy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An emphasis on additional knee strengthening in a training program may change the tendency of using and overstressing the back. APPLICATION of modeling and simulation technology for ergonomics design can be enhanced by more individually and accurately specified lifting strategies based on anthropometry and strength profiles.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001415:Back / Q000502:physiology*; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000502:physiology*; D007721:Knowledge of Results, Psychological; D017770:Lifting; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength; D012737:Sex Factors; D016474:Weight-Bearing