title: Essential oil composition, antioxidant capacity and antifungal activity of Piper divaricatum.
abstract: The major components of the essential oil of Piper divaricatum from Marajó Island, PA, Brazil, were methyleugenol (63.8%) and eugenol (23.6%), which were identified by GC and GC-MS. Essential oils of Piper species from the Brazilian Amazon are rich in either mono- and sesquiterpenes or phenylpropanoids, as seen in this study. The oil was able to scavenging the DPPH radical, displaying an inhibition varying from 19% to 74%, with an EC50 value of 16.2 +/- 1.9 microg mL(-1). In the bleaching of beta-carotene, the inhibition of the oil oxidation was 60.0 +/- 2.7%. The oil gave minimum inhibitory concentrations for the fungi Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphareospermum of 0.5 microg and 5.0 microg, respectively. The oil also showed significant brine shrimp larvicidal activity (LC50, 38.8 +/- 0.8 microg mL(-1)).
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Pa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joyce Kelly R
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Eloísa Helena A
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Elsie F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: José Guilherme S
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Maia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001156:Artemia; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002963:Cladosporium / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005054:Eugenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D031701:Piper / Q000737:chemistry*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D016877:Oxidants; D010851:Picrates; D019207:beta Carotene; C005223:methyleugenol; D005054:Eugenol; D019787:Linoleic Acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl