title: Temporal changes of flavour and texture in cooked bologna type sausages as affected by fat and salt content.
abstract: Temporal changes of flavour (mushroom-like and saltiness) and texture (juiciness) in cooked bologna type sausages with different fat and salt content and containing selected volatile compounds (100 mg kg(-1) of 1-octen-3-ol and 200 mg kg(-1) of 2,6-dimethylpyrazine) were evaluated using time-intensity (TI) method. Preceding the TI study, descriptive profiles of sausages were determined. Release of volatiles was analysed by solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) and an instrumental texture analysis was also performed. Chromatographic results obtained for 1-octen-3-ol were strongly correlated with the intensity perception of the linked odour and flavour (mushroom). Modifications of sausages matrix in terms of fat and salt content differently affected the dynamic perception of mushroom flavour, saltiness and juiciness. NaCl contributed to increasing release of 1-octen-3-ol (salting-out effect) confirmed by SPME analysis as well as the intensity and duration of the related flavour (mushroom) evaluated by TI. Similarly, NaCl increased the temporal perception of both saltines and juiciness of sausages. Increase in fat content led to a higher retention of 1-octen-3-ol (lipophilic compound) and thus to a less intense and shorter duration of mushroom flavour. Moreover, fat contributed to a more intense and a longer juiciness of sausages. These results highlight the feasibility of TI technique to evaluate changes in the temporal flavour and texture perception of sausages caused by modification of matrix composition.
authors.affiliation: Food Technology, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain. sanvenca@unex.es
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ventanas
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puolanne
authors.forename: Hely
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tuorila
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000363:Agaricales; D000818:Animals; D003296:Cooking; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005260:Female; D005524:Food Technology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008461:Meat Products; D008875:Middle Aged; D000442:Octanols / Q000032:analysis*; D009812:Odorants; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000032:analysis; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D013552:Swine; D013649:Taste; D013997:Time Factors; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D000442:Octanols; D011719:Pyrazines; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C038844:1-octen-3-ol