title: Clinical improvements in proliferative vs membranous lupus nephritis following B-cell depletion: pooled data from two cohorts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical results after treatment with B-cell depleting therapy in patients with membranous (WHO Class V) vs proliferative (WHO Class III or IV) lupus nephritis (LN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were compiled from two European centres on all patients with LN who were treated with i.v. rituximab (RTX) in a combination protocol with i.v. cyclophosphamide and steroids. Laboratory and serological evaluations were performed at 3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up. No immunosuppressive drugs were given before B-cell repopulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three patients, 28 with proliferate and 15 with membranous LN by renal biopsy, were evaluated. Six months after treatment with RTX, both the membranous and the proliferative LN patients had a significant reduction in proteinuria and an increase in serum albumin. The main improvements were observed during the first 6 months and only minor non-significant changes in albumin and proteinuria were observed thereafter. As expected, the patients with membranous nephritis had lower anti-dsDNA titres and higher complement C3 levels at baseline, but in both groups a significant reduction in anti-dsDNA titre and improvements in complement C3 levels were seen during the first 6 months after treatment; the kinetics of improvement were similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical course following B-cell depleting therapy is strikingly similar between patients with membranous and those with proliferative LN. These observational data suggest that, if controlled studies confirm the efficacy of B-cell depleting therapy in proliferative nephritis, clinicians may reasonably consider such therapy in membranous LN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. thorunn.jonsdottir@karolinska.se
authors.forename: Thórunn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jónsdóttir
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gunnarsson
authors.forename: Ana Filipa
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mourão
authors.forename: Tim Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ronald F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: van Vollenhoven
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Isenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005060:Europe; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000097:blood; D000069283:Rituximab; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012709:Serum Albumin; D013256:Steroids; D000069283:Rituximab; D003520:Cyclophosphamide