title: A mutation in the cytosolic O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase induces a genome-dependent early leaf death phenotype in Arabidopsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cysteine is a component in organic compounds including glutathione that have been implicated in the adaptation of plants to stresses. O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OAS-TL) catalyses the final step of cysteine biosynthesis. OAS-TL enzyme isoforms are localised in the cytoplasm, the plastids and mitochondria but the contribution of individual OAS-TL isoforms to plant sulphur metabolism has not yet been fully clarified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The seedling lethal phenotype of the Arabidopsis onset of leaf death3-1 (old3-1) mutant is due to a point mutation in the OAS-A1 gene, encoding the cytosolic OAS-TL. The mutation causes a single amino acid substitution from Gly162 to Glu162, abolishing old3-1 OAS-TL activity in vitro. The old3-1 mutation segregates as a monogenic semi-dominant trait when backcrossed to its wild type accession Landsberg erecta (Ler-0) and the Di-2 accession. Consistent with its semi-dominant behaviour, wild type Ler-0 plants transformed with the mutated old3-1 gene, displayed the early leaf death phenotype. However, the old3-1 mutation segregates in an 11:4:1 (wild type: semi-dominant: mutant) ratio when backcrossed to the Colombia-0 and Wassilewskija accessions. Thus, the early leaf death phenotype depends on two semi-dominant loci. The second locus that determines the old3-1 early leaf death phenotype is referred to as odd-ler (for old3 determinant in the Ler accession) and is located on chromosome 3. The early leaf death phenotype is temperature dependent and is associated with increased expression of defence-response and oxidative-stress marker genes. Independent of the presence of the odd-ler gene, OAS-A1 is involved in maintaining sulphur and thiol levels and is required for resistance against cadmium stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cytosolic OAS-TL is involved in maintaining organic sulphur levels. The old3-1 mutation causes genome-dependent and independent phenotypes and uncovers a novel function for the mutated OAS-TL in cell death regulation.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology of Plants, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, Haren, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shirzadian-Khorramabad
authors.forename: Hai-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Gerja E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Everts
authors.forename: Jos H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Schippers
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hille
authors.forename: Paul P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Dijkwel
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D003547:Cysteine Synthase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D018745:Genome, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D002104:Cadmium; D013455:Sulfur; D003547:Cysteine Synthase