title: How nutritional risk is assessed and managed in European hospitals: a survey of 21,007 patients findings from the 2007-2008 cross-sectional nutritionDay survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recognition and treatment of undernutrition in hospitalized patients are not often a priority in clinical practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated how the nutritional risk of patients is determined and whether such assessment influences daily nutritional care across Europe and in Israeli hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  1217 units from 325 hospitals in 25 countries with 21,007 patients participated in a longitudinal survey "nutritionDay" 2007/2008 undertaken in Europe and Israel. Screening practice, the type of tools used and whether energy requirements and intake are assessed and monitored were surveyed using standardized questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two percent (range 21-73%) of the units in the different regions reported a screening routine which was most often performed with locally developed methods and less often with national tools, the Nutrition Risk Screening-2002, or the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool. Twenty-seven percent of the patients were subjectively classified as being "at nutritional risk", with substantial differences existing between regions. Independent factors influencing the classification of nutritional risk included age, BMI <18.5 kg/m(2), unintentional weight loss, reduced food intake in the previous week and on nutritionDay (for all parameters, p < 0.0001). The energy goal was defined as >=1500 kcal in 76% of the patients, but 43% of patients did not reach this goal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The process of nutrition risk assessment varied between units and countries. Additionally, energy goals were frequently not met. More effort is needed to implement current guidelines within daily clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. solange.ngon@cch.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pernicka
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laviano
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schütz
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grecu
authors.forename: Cora
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jonkers
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kondrup
authors.forename: Olle
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ljungqvist
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mouhieddine
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pichard
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schuh
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiesmayr
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys / Q000379:methods*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires