title: A two-county comparison of the HOUSES index on predicting self-rated health.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mortality, incidence of most diseases, and prevalence of adverse health behaviours follow an inverse gradient with social class. Many proxies for socioeconomic status (SES) exist; however, each bears a different relation to health outcomes, probably following a different aetiological pathway. Additionally, data on SES can be quite difficult to gather. Five measures of SES were compared, including a novel measure, the HOUSES index, in the prediction of self-rated health (SRH) in two Midwestern settings, Olmsted County, Minnesota, and Jackson County, Missouri.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a probability sampling design, a cross-sectional telephone survey was administered to a randomised sample of households. The questionnaire collected a variety of sociodemographic and personal health information. The dependent variable, SRH, was dichotomised into excellent/very good/good versus fair/poor health. Information for the HOUSES index was collected through public property records and corroborated through the telephone questionnaire. Participants were parents/guardians of children aged 1-17 residing in Olmsted County (n = 746) and Jackson County (n = 704).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HOUSES index was associated with adverse SRH in Jackson County adults. All five SES measures were significant predictors in this group. Composite SES indices showed significant associations with SRH in Olmsted County adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HOUSES index makes a unique contribution to the measurement of SES and prediction of health outcomes. Its utility is qualified by specific social contexts, and it should be used in concert with other SES indices.
authors.affiliation: UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Joint Medical Program, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Butterfield
authors.forename: Arthur R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beebe
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Finnie
authors.forename: Heshan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Juliette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liesinger
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: Philip H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yawn
authors.forename: Young J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Juhn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006304:Health Status; D006798:Housing / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota; D008923:Missouri; D010287:Parent-Child Relations / Q000208:ethnology; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D019727:Proxy / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012923:Social Class; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires