title: Emerging role of the bufadienolides in cardiovascular and kidney diseases.
abstract: The bufadienolides are a group of steroid hormones that circulate in blood and are excreted in urine. They have the ability to inhibit the adenosine triphosphatase sodium-potassium pump (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase), with predilection for its alpha1 isoform. This capability enables them to share with other cardiac glycosides the facility to cause an increase in sodium excretion, produce vasoconstriction resulting in hypertension, and act as cardiac inotropes. Bufadienolides have been implicated in instances of volume expansion-mediated hypertension, syndromes in which they are considered capable of causing a vascular leak, interfering with cellular proliferation, and inhibiting cellular maturation. An antagonist to the most well-studied bufadienolide, marinobufagenin, is resibufogenin, a compound that provides promise for the treatment of disorders in which excessive levels of marinobufagenin are present and are etiopathogenetic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Texas A&M College of Medicine/Scott & White, Temple, TX, USA. jpuschett@swmail.sw.org
authors.forename: Jules B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Puschett
authors.forename: Enoch
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agunanne
authors.forename: Mohammad N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Uddin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology; D002018:Bufanolides / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D011247:Pregnancy; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002018:Bufanolides; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; C005734:bufogenin; C093896:marinobufagenin