title: The relationship of retinal vessel diameter to changes in diabetic nephropathy structural variables in patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether retinal vessel diameter in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with changes in subclinical anatomical and functional indicators of diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus had gradable fundus photographs and renal biopsy data at baseline and 5-year follow-up (n = 234). Retinal arteriolar and venular diameters were measured at baseline and follow-up. Central retinal arteriole equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venule equivalent (CRVE) were computed. Baseline and 5-year follow-up renal structural variables were assessed by masked electron microscopic morphometric analyses from percutaneous renal biopsy specimens. Variables assessed included: mesangial fractional volume, glomerular basement membrane width, mesangial matrix fractional volume and glomerular basement membrane width composite glomerulopathy index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While controlling for other covariates, baseline CRAE was positively associated with change in the glomerulopathy index over the 5-year period. Change in CRAE was inversely related to a change in mesangial matrix fractional volume and abnormal mesangial matrix fractional volume, while change in CRVE was directly related to change in the volume fraction of cortex that was interstitium [Vv((Int/cortex))] over the 5-year period. Baseline CRAE or CRVE or changes in these diameters were not related to changes in other anatomical or functional renal endpoints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Independently of other factors, baseline CRAE correlated with changes in glomerulopathy index, a composite measure of extracellular matrix accumulation in the mesangium and glomerular basement membrane. A narrowing of the CRAE was related to mesangial matrix accumulation. Changes in CRVE were related to changes in Vv((Int/cortex),) a measure of interstitial expansion in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 North Walnut Street, Fourth Floor WARF, Madison, WI 53726-2397, USA. kleinr@epi.ophth.wisc.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Knudtson
authors.forename: B E K
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zinman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gardiner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suissa
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sinaiko
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goodyer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mauer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology