title: Serum cytokine and periodontal profiles in relation to disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis in Japanese adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are common chronic inflammatory conditions and share many pathologic features. A similar profile of cytokines is involved in the pathogenesis of the two diseases. The relationship between the disease activity of RA and the periodontal condition remains unclear. This study examines whether the disease activity of RA affects serum cytokine and periodontal profiles.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects consisted of 84 Japanese adults with RA and 22 race-matched control individuals. After periodontal and rheumatologic examination, the disease activity of RA was determined with the Disease Activity Score including 28 joints using C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP). Serum levels of cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-12, IL-12 p40, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. High-sensitive CRP was also measured with a latex particle-enhanced nephelometric method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 84 patients with RA, 28 and 56 patients exhibited low and moderate to high disease activity, respectively. Serum levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP were significantly different between the two groups (P <0.05). Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between DAS28-CRP and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP) (P = 0.008) and between serum TNF-alpha levels and percentage of sites with BOP (P = 0.01) in 56 patients with RA with moderate to high activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the disease activity of RA correlated with serum levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP, and it might influence BOP in the patients with moderate to high disease activity.
authors.affiliation: General Dentistry and Clinical Education Unit, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan. kotetsuo@dent.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murasawa
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Asami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000097:blood; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 / Q000097:blood; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification*; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000097:blood; D012218:Rheumatoid Nodule / Q000145:classification; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D020382:Interleukin-18; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor