title: Transcriptional profiling and hepatogenic potential of acute hepatic failure-derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: Liver stem cell (LSC) transplantation is a promising alternate approach to liver transplantation for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, the precise origin of LSCs remains unclear. Herein we determine if bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) isolated from rats in acute hepatic failure (AHF) possess hepatic characteristics and have differentiation potential. BMSCs were isolated from AHF and sham-operated rats, and primary hepatocytes were isolated from normal rats for comparison. The transcriptomic profile of BMSCs and primary hepatocytes was analyzed using the Affymetrix GeneChip Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array. BMSCs isolated from AHF and normal rats were induced to differentiate into hepatocytes in vitro and the degree of hepatic differentiation was assessed using quantitative real time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical assays. AHF-derived BMSCs had a significantly different gene expression profile compared to control BMSCs. Thirty-four gene/probe sets were expressed in both AHF-derived BMSCs and primary hepatocytes, but were absent in control-derived BMSCs, including 3 hepatocyte-specific genes. Forty-four genes were up-regulated more than 2-fold in AHF-derived BMSCs compared to controls, including 3 genes involved in hepatocyte metabolism and development. Furthermore, AHF-derived BMSCs expressed more hepatocyte related genes than control BMSCs. Additional experiments to validate the differentiation of AHF-derived BMSCs, compared to control-derived BMSCs, showed that several hepatocyte-specific genes and proteins [such as albumin (ALB) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP)] were expressed earlier, and at higher levels, after 1 week of differentiation. Hepatocyte-specific metabolic functions were also significantly higher in the AHF group compared to control cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AHF-derived BMSCs had a hepatic transcriptional profile and expressed hepatocyte specific genes early during differentiation, and possessed greater hepatogenic potency in vitro compared to cells isolated from control animals, further confirming their potential as a stem cell-based therapy for end-stage liver disease.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hongcui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Jiaojiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Longyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xutao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Achilles A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Demetriou
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farkas
authors.forename: Lanjuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000473:pathology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D051381:Rats; D014158:Transcription, Genetic