title: Cell-type specific actions of progesterone receptor modulators in the regulation of uterine leiomyoma growth.
abstract: Although the traditional concept supports a crucial role of estrogen in promoting leiomyoma growth, unequivocal evidence has emerged indicating that progesterone also plays a vital role in the regulation of leiomyoma growth. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of asoprisnil, a selective progesterone receptor modulator, and CDB-2914, a novel progesterone receptor modulator, for the treatment of women with symptomatic leiomyomata. These compounds significantly reduced leiomyoma and uterine volume and improved leiomyoma-related symptoms without serious complications. However, the precise mechanism whereby these compounds cause leiomyoma regression remains poorly understood. Our extensive in vitro studies have provided novel evidence for the growth inhibitory effects of asoprisnil and CDB-2914 on cultured leiomyoma cells. Both compounds exhibited antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antifibrotic actions on cultured leiomyoma cells in the absence of comparable effects on cultured normal myometrial cells. Asoprisnil and/or CDB-2914 modulated the ratio of progesterone receptor isoforms (PR-A and PR-B) in cultured leiomyoma cells; decreased the cell viability; suppressed the expression of growth factors, angiogenic factors, and their receptors in those cells; and induced apoptosis through activating the mitochondrial and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathways and eliciting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, these compounds suppressed types I and III collagen synthesis by modulating extracellular matrix-remodeling enzymes in cultured leiomyoma cells without affecting those syntheses in cultured normal myometrial cells. These findings indicate that both compounds exert antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antifibrotic actions on leiomyoma cells in a cell-type specific manner. This supports the notion that asoprisnil and CDB-2914 hold promise for the nonsurgical treatment of uterine leiomyomata.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jiayin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakabayashi
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruo
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects; D004963:Estrenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009215:Myometrium / Q000187:drug effects; D009649:Norpregnadienes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010091:Oximes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D004963:Estrenes; D009649:Norpregnadienes; D010091:Oximes; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C094854:ulipristal; C488516:asoprisnil