title: Breast cancer in Lebanon: incidence and comparison to regional and Western countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Review and analyses of the 2004 Lebanese National Breast Cancer Registry (the most recently available complete national data).
  
  
  METHODS
  Crude, age-standardized rates (ASRs), and age-specific rates per 100,000 population were calculated and results were compared with estimates from Western, regional, and Arab countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Breast cancer constituted about 38.2% of all cancer cases among Lebanese females in the year 2004. The median age at diagnosis was 52.5 years. The age-standardized incidence rate per 100,000 was estimated at 71.0. ASRs remained lower than those observed in developed countries and in the Israeli Jewish population; however, they were greater than those estimated for Arab populations in the region. Five-year age-specific rates among Lebanese women were among the highest observed worldwide for the age groups 35-39, 40-44 and 45-49 years, with the exception of Israeli Jews for the age groups 35-39.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results endorse the new guidelines developed by the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health to start breast cancer screening with mammography at 40 years of age. Further efforts are needed from different stakeholders in order to realize a comprehensive and full database, and to enhance awareness for early detection at all age groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUB-MC), Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon. ne23@aub.edu.lb
authors.forename: Najla A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Lakkis
authors.forename: Salim M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Adib
authors.forename: Mona H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Umayya M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Musharafieh
authors.forename: Ghassan N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Hamadeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008877:Middle East / Q000453:epidemiology; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D055815:Young Adult