Cardiorenal syndromes: an executive summary from the consensus conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI).
The cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a disorder of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction of the other. The general definition has been expanded into five subtypes reflecting the primacy of organ dysfunction and the time-frame of the syndrome: CRS type 1 = acute worsening of heart function leading to kidney injury and/or dysfunction; CRS type 2 = chronic abnormalities in heart function leading to kidney injury or dysfunction; CRS type 3 = acute worsening of kidney function leading to heart injury and/or dysfunction; CRS type 4 = chronic kidney disease leading to heart injury, disease and/or dysfunction, and CRS type 5 = systemic conditions leading to simultaneous injury and/or dysfunction of heart and kidney. Different pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in the combined dysfunction of heart and kidney in these five types of the syndrome.
Ronco
Claudio
C
McCullough
Peter A
PA
Anker
Stefan D
SD
Anand
Inder
I
Aspromonte
Nadia
N
Bagshaw
Sean M
SM
Bellomo
Rinaldo
R
Berl
Tomas
T
Bobek
Ilona
I
Cruz
Dinna N
DN
Daliento
Luciano
L
Davenport
Andrew
A
Haapio
Mikko
M
Hillege
Hans
H
House
Andrew
A
Katz
Nevin M
NM
Maisel
Alan
A
Mankad
Sunil
S
Zanco
Pierluigi
P
Mebazaa
Alexandre
A
Palazzuoli
Alberto
A
Ronco
Federico
F
Shaw
Andrew
A
Sheinfeld
Geoff
G
Soni
Sachin
S
Vescovo
Giorgio
G
Zamperetti
Nereo
N
Ponikowski
Piotr
P
D000208:Acute Disease; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D017209:Apoptosis; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009336:Necrosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D013577:Syndrome