title: Preventing behaviour problems through a universal intervention in Jamaican basic schools: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of a preventative intervention in Jamaican basic schools on child behaviour and parent-teacher contacts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five basic schools in Kingston, Jamaica, were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 3) or control (n = 2) condition. Intervention involved seven whole-day teacher workshops using the Incredible Years Teacher Training Programme supplemented by fourteen lessons on social and emotional skills in each class. Within each classroom (n = 27), children were screened for behaviour difficulties through teacher report and children with the greatest difficulties were selected for evaluation of outcomes (135 children). Teachers'reports of child behaviour using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and of the quality of teacher-parent contacts were collected at the beginning and end of the school year Multilevel regression analyses controlling for school and classroom were used to evaluate the effects of intervention on child behaviour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant benefits of intervention were found for children's conduct problems (regression coefficient (b) = -0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.01, -1.23), hyperactivity (b = -0.84, 95% CI: -1.57, -0.11) and peer problems (b = -1.24, 95% CI: -1.89, -0.59). The effect sizes were 0.26 for conduct problems, 0.36 for hyperactivity and 0.71 for peer problems. No significant benefits were found for the prosocial and emotional problems subscales. The intervention also resulted in increases in the number of positive teacher-parent contacts (p < 0.0001). No benefits were found for the number of negative teacher-parent contacts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a promising approach for reducing children's externalizing behaviour and peer problems and for improving the quality of teachers' contacts with parents of children with behaviour problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Studies, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica. helen.henningham@uwimona.edu.jm
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baker-Henningham
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: J Meeks
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gardner
mesh_terms: D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003479:Curriculum; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D007563:Jamaica; D008297:Male; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011322:Primary Prevention; D012572:School Health Services; D012574:Schools; D012919:Social Behavior