title: Quantitative analysis of mixed hydrofluoric and nitric acids using Raman spectroscopy with partial least squares regression.
abstract: Mixed hydrofluoric and nitric acids are widely used as a good etchant for the pickling process of stainless steels. The cost reduction and the procedure optimization in the manufacturing process can be facilitated by optically detecting the concentration of the mixed acids. In this work, we developed a novel method which allows us to obtain the concentrations of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and nitric acid (HNO(3)) mixture samples with high accuracy. The experiments were carried out for the mixed acids which consist of the HF (0.5-3wt%) and the HNO(3) (2-12wt%) at room temperature. Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy has been utilized to measure the concentration of the mixed acids HF and HNO(3), because the mixture sample has several strong Raman bands caused by the vibrational mode of each acid in this spectrum. The calibration of spectral data has been performed using the partial least squares regression method which is ideal for local range data treatment. Several figures of merit (FOM) were calculated using the concept of net analyte signal (NAS) to evaluate performance of our methodology.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gumin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Kwangchil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Haesung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jinho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Youngjean
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Kyoungsik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Boongho
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Hyoungkuk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002138:Calibration; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D017942:Nitric Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017942:Nitric Acid; D009584:Nitrogen; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid