title: Impact of nighttime awakenings on worker productivity and performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the relationship between nighttime awakenings and work performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Employees (N = 4188) at four US companies described their sleep patterns and completed the Work Limitations Questionnaire. Participants were categorized by number of nighttime awakenings: 0 (n = 464; 11%), 1 to 2 (n = 2373; 58%), 3 to 4 (n = 984; 24%), or > or =5 (n = 289; 7%). Work Limitations Questionnaire performance and productivity measures were compared among the groups using a one-way analysis of variance model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one percent of the sample averaged > or =3 nighttime awakenings. Compared with respondents with fewer nighttime awakenings, these respondents had the greatest work performance and productivity impairments across a wide range of dimensions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Workers who experienced > or =3 nighttime awakenings have poorer work productivity and performance than do workers who experience fewer awakenings.
authors.affiliation: Clinilabs Inc, New York, NY 10025, USA. gzammit@clinilabs.com
authors.forename: Gary K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Zammit
authors.forename: Vijay N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Joish
authors.forename: Meg C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balkrishnan
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosekind
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004526:Efficiency; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014481:United States