title: Kaempferol modulates pro-inflammatory NF-kappaB activation by suppressing advanced glycation endproducts-induced NADPH oxidase.
abstract: Advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) are oxidative products formed from the reaction between carbohydrates and a free amino group of proteins that are provoked by reactive species (RS). It is also known that AGE enhance the generation of RS and that the binding of AGE to a specific AGE receptor (RAGE) induces the activation of the redox-sensitive, pro-inflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB). In this current study, we investigated the anti-oxidative effects of short-term kaempferol supplementation on the age-related formation of AGE and the binding activity of RAGE in aged rat kidney. We further investigated the suppressive action of kaempferol against AGE's ability to stimulate activation of pro-inflammatory NF-kB and its molecular mechanisms. For this study, we utilized young (6 months old), old (24 months old), and kaempferol-fed (2 and 4 mg/kg/day for 10 days) old rats. In addition, for the molecular work, the rat endothelial cell line, YPEN-1 was used. The results show that AGE and RAGE were increased during aging and that these increases were blunted by kaempferol. In addition, dietary kaempferol reduced age-related increases in NF-kappaB activity and NF-kB-dependant pro-inflammatory gene activity. The most significant new finding from this study is that kaempferol supplementation prevented age-related NF-kappaB activation by suppressing AGE-induced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase). Taken together, our results demonstrated that dietary kaempferol exerts its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions by modulating the age-related NF-kappaB signaling cascade and its pro-inflammatory genes by suppressing AGE-induced NADPH oxidase activation. Based on these data, dietary kaempferol is proposed as a possible anti-AGE agent that may have the potential for use in anti-inflammation therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjun-dong, Gumjung-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Kyeong
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dae Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung Pal
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hae Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000009:adverse effects*; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D044949:Kaempferols; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C006552:kaempferol; D019255:NADPH Oxidases