title: Interference of cardiac pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator activity during electronic dental device use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors conducted a study to determine if electromagnetic interference of cardiac pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) activity occurs during the operation of electronic dental devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors tested nine electronic dental devices in vitro to assess their ability to interfere with the function of two pacemakers and two ICDs as determined by electrocardiographic telemetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pacing activity of both pacemakers and the dual-chamber ICD were inhibited during operation of the battery-operated composite curing light at between 2 and 10 centimeters from the generator or leads. The use of the ultrasonic scaler interfered with the pacing activity of the dual-chamber pacemaker at between 17 and 23 cm from the generator or leads, the single-chamber pacemaker at 15 cm from the generator or leads and both ICDs at 7 cm from the leads. The operation of the ultrasonic cleaning system interfered with the activity of the dual-chamber pacemaker at between 15 and 23 cm from the generator or leads, and of the single-chamber pacemaker at 12 cm. Operation of the electric toothbrush, electrosurgical unit, electric pulp tester, high- and low-speed handpieces, and an amalgamator did not alter pacing function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Select electronic dental devices interfere with pacemakers' and ICDs' sensing and pacing activity in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of the ultrasonic scaler, ultrasonic cleaning system and battery-operated composite curing light may produce deleterious effects in patients who have pacemakers or ICDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0084, USA.
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Roedig
authors.forename: Jignesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Claude Samy
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Elayi
authors.forename: Craig S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D055117:Curing Lights, Dental; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D003723:Dental Amalgam; D003748:Dental Equipment; D003754:Dental High-Speed Equipment; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003791:Dental Pulp Test / Q000295:instrumentation; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000295:instrumentation; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000295:instrumentation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004598:Electrosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D013686:Telemetry; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D003723:Dental Amalgam