title: Intraductal proliferative lesions of the breast: morphology, associated risk and molecular biology.
abstract: The main objectives of this review are (1) to review the histological criteria and terminology for usual ductal hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, flat epithelial atypia and ductal carcinoma in situ; (2) to provide an overview of the risk of breast cancer associated with these various lesions; (3) to discuss established and emerging data on the molecular biology and pathogenesis of these lesions and (4) to discuss management when detected in diagnostic needle core and surgical diagnostic specimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology, University of Nottingham, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK. ian.ellis@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ian O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology; D008967:Molecular Biology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors