title: [Complex of the herpes simplex virus initiator protein UL9 with DNA as a platform for the design of a new type of antiviral drugs].
abstract: The protein binding to the origin of replication of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is DNA helicase encoded by the UL9 gene of the herpes virus. The protein specifically binds to two binding sites in the viral DNA replication origins OriS or OriL. In order to determine the role of the UL9 protein in the initiation of replication and find efficient inhibitors of the UL9 activity, we have synthesized a recombinant UL9 protein expressed in E. coli cells. It was found that the recombinant UL9 protein binds to Boxes I and II in the OriS and possesses the DNA helicase and ATPase activities. In a complex with a fluorescent analog of ATP, two molecules of the ATP analog bind to one protein dimer molecule. It was also found that the UL9 protein in the dimer form can bind simultaneously to two DNA fragments, each containing specific binding sites for the protein. The interaction of the recombinant UL9 protein with the 63-mer double and single-stranded oligonucleotides OriS and OriS* has been investigated, which correspond to the origin of replication of herpes simplex virus. From the titrations of OriS and OriS* by ethidium bromide in the presence and absence of the UL9 protein, the equilibrium affinity constants of the protein binding to OriS and OriS* have been determined. A DNase I footprinting study showed that bis-linked netropsin derivatives exhibit preferences for binding to the AT-cluster in the origin of replication OriS and inhibit the fluctuation opening of AT-base pairs in the AT-cluster. The drugs also prevent the formation of an intermediate conformation of OriS* that involves a disordered tail at the 3'-end and stable Box I-Box III hairpin to which the UL9 helicase selectively binds. The stabilization by bis-netropsins of the AT-rich hairpin at its 3' end can inhibit the helicase activity. It was concluded that the antiviral activity of bis-netropsins may be associated with the inhibitory effects of bis-netropsins on these two stages of the reaction catalyzed by helicase UL9.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Surovaia
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gorohovskiĭ
authors.forename: Ia G
authors.initials: IaG
authors.lastname: Gurskiĭ
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Andronova
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Arkhipova
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Bazhulina
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Galegov
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Gurskiĭ
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D009429:Netropsin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D055503:Protein Multimerization / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018741:Replication Origin / Q000502:physiology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C064565:UL9 protein, Human herpesvirus 1; D009429:Netropsin; C032161:bis-netropsin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004265:DNA Helicases