title: 3d Mechanical properties of the partially obstructed guinea pig small intestine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Partial obstruction of the small intestine results in severe hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells, dilatation and functional denervation. Hypertrophy of the small intestine is associated with alteration of the wall structure and the mechanical properties. The aims of this study were to determine three dimensional material properties of the obstructed small intestine in guinea pigs and to obtain the 3D stress-strain distributions in the small intestinal wall.
  
  
  METHODS
  Partial obstruction of mid-jejunum was created surgically in five guinea pigs that were euthanized 2 weeks after the surgery. Ten-cm-long segments proximal to the obstruction site were used for the stretch-inflation mechanical test using a tri-axial test machine. The outer diameter, longitudinal force and the luminal pressure during the test were recorded simultaneously. An anisotropic exponential pseudo-strain energy density function was used as the constitutive equation to fit the experimental loading curve and for computation of the stress-strain distribution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The wall thickness and the wall area increased significantly in the obstructed jejunum (P<0.001). The pressure-outer radius curves in the obstructed segments were translated to the left of the normal segments, indicating wall stiffening after the obstruction. The circumferential stress and the longitudinal stress through the wall were higher in the obstructed segments (P<0.02). This was independent of whether the zero-stress state or the no-load states were used as the reference state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mechanical behaviour of the obstructed small intestine can be described using a 3D constitutive model. The obstruction-induced biomechanical properties change was characterized by higher circumferential and longitudinal stresses in the wall and altered material constants in the 3D constitutive model.
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Aalborg Hospital Science and Innovation Centre (AHSIC), DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark. dl@rn.dk
authors.forename: Donghua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jingbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gregersen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011312:Pressure; D013314:Stress, Mechanical