title: [Primary effusion lymphoma in two kidney transplant recipients].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a highly malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus-8 infection (KSHV/HHV-8). It is chiefly seen in HIV patients and is rare in transplant recipients, possibly going unrecognized.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe two male kidney transplant recipients, aged 47 and 51 years, followed for Kaposi's sarcoma in skin, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal (GI) tract and lung whose disease was poorly controlled by sirolimus and chemotherapy. Recurrent pleural effusion contrasted with reduction of cutaneous Kaposi lesions. KHSV viral loads were negative or very low in plasma, were negative or very low, whereas those in pleural effusion were high. Lymphoma cells were discovered only seven to nine months after the initial effusion despite repeated needle biopsies. In one patient, tumour cells were co-infected with Epstein-Barr virus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The contrast between a very low KHSV viral load in plasma and a very high viral load pleural effusion should alert physicians and prompt suspicion of PEL in Kaposi's sarcoma patients with recurrent serous effusion. The potential inhibitory role of sirolimus on PEL progression is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France. elodie.regnier@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Régnier-Rosencher
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barrou
authors.forename: A-G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Marcelin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacobzone-Leveque
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cadranel
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leblond
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Francès
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005871:Castleman Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary / Q000821:virology; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary / Q000821:virology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D054685:Lymphoma, Primary Effusion / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents