title: Improvement in low back movement control, decreased pain and disability, resulting from specific exercise intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study was conducted to assess whether patient-specific functional impairment and experienced daily disability improved after treatment to address active movement control of the low back.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was carried out in two outpatient physiotherapy practices in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. 38 patients (17 males and 21 females) suffering from non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) and movement control impairment were treated. The study participants had an average age of 45 +/- 13 years, an average height of 170 +/- 8 cm and an average weight of 73 +/- 15 kg. Patients were assessed prior and post treatment. Treatment was aimed at improving movement control of the lumbar spine, pain and disability. Six physiotherapists treated each patient on average nine times (SD 4.6). Treatment effects were evaluated using a set of six movement control tests (MCT), patient-specific functional pain scores (PSFS) and a Roland and Morris disability questionnaire (RMQ). Means, standard deviations, confidence intervals and paired t-tests were calculated. The effect size (d) was based on the change between t1 (time prior intervention) and t2 (time post intervention) using a significance level of p < 0.05, with d > 0.8 being considered a large effect. Power calculations were performed for type I & II error estimation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Movement control (MCT) showed a 59% improvement from 3.2 (max 6) to 1.3 positive tests (d = 1.3, p < 0.001), complaints (PSFS) decreased 41% from 5.9 points (max 10) to 3.5 (d = 1.3, p < 0.001), and disability (RMQ) decreased 43% from 8.9 to 5.1 points (d = 1.0, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this controlled case series study, based on prior and post intervention, showed that movement control, patient specific functional complaints and disability improved significantly following specific individual exercise programs, performed with physiotherapeutic intervention. The results obtained warrant performance of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to substantiate our findings.
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapie Reinach, Private Practice, 5734 Reinach, Switzerland.|University of Kuopio, Medical Faculty, Sport Medicin, Kuopio, Finland.|Institute of Physiotherapy, Department of Health, Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luomajoki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiotherapy, Department of Health, Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kool
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Eling D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: de Bruin
authors.affiliation: University of Kuopio, Medical Faculty, Sport Medicin, Kuopio, Finland.|Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Olavi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Airaksinen