title: Advanced imaging of chronic pancreatitis.
abstract: Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by continuing inflammation, destruction, and irreversible morphological changes in the pancreatic parenchyma and ductal anatomy. These changes lead to chronic pain and/or loss of function. Although these definitions are simple, the clinical diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis remains difficult to make, especially for early disease. Routine imaging modalities such as transabdominal ultrasound and standard CT scans are insensitive for depicting early disease, and detect only advanced chronic pancreatitis. Advances in imaging modalities including CT, MRI with gadolinium contrast enhancement, MRI with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRI/MRCP), MRI/MRCP with secretin-stimulation (S-MRCP), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) allow earlier diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. This article reviews the recognized findings, advantages, and disadvantages of the various imaging modalities in the management of chronic pancreatitis, specifically CT, MRI with or without MRCP and/or S-MRCP, ERCP, and EUS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, 3635 Vista Avenue at Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Nabil Elia
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Choueiri
authors.forename: Numan Cem
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Balci
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alkaade
authors.forename: Frank R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Burton
mesh_terms: D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000379:methods*; D049448:Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance / Q000379:methods*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*