title: Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of preservative-free and preservative-containing formulations of the dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (COSOPT™) in patients with elevated intraocular pressure in a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of preservative-free (PF) and preservative-containing (PC) formulations of the dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (COSOPT™) in patients with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A parallel, randomized, double-masked study was conducted. After a 3-week run-in on timolol, patients with ocular hypertension, as confirmed by an IOP ≥22 mmHg, were randomized 1:1 to receive PF or PC dorzolamide/timolol twice daily for 12 weeks. IOP was measured at hour 0 (drug trough) and hour 2 (drug peak) at baseline (last day of 3-week timolol run-in), and weeks 2, 6 and 12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 261 patients were randomized. Mean baseline IOPs were 23.7 mmHg for both treatments at hour 0 and 21.2 mmHg for PF dorzolamide/timolol and 21.4 mmHg for PC dorzolamide/timolol at hour 2. At all study time points (trough and peak at weeks 2, 6, and 12), the difference between treatments in mean change from baseline IOP was <0.5 mmHg. The 95% confidence intervals for the estimated treatment difference (PF minus PC) in mean change from baseline IOP at week 12 was -0.86 to 0.23 mmHg for trough (primary endpoint) and -0.39 to 0.67 mmHg for peak (secondary endpoint). The most common adverse events were ocular burning/stinging, reported by 16.0% and 21.5% of patients receiving PF and PC dorzolamide/timolol respectively, and taste perversion, reported by 3.1% and 5.4% of patients receiving PF and PC dorzolamide/timolol respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with elevated IOP, PF and PC dorzolamide/timolol were equivalent in efficacy for change in trough and peak IOP, and had generally similar tolerability.
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Laboratories, 351 N. Sumneytown Pike, North Wales, PA 19454-1099, USA.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shedden
authors.forename: Ingrid A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Adamsons
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Getson
authors.forename: Jean K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Laurence
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lines
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.forename: Tony W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013999:Timolol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013876:Thiophenes; C479140:dorzolamide-timolol combination; D013999:Timolol