title: Adaptations of Candida albicans for growth in the mammalian intestinal tract.
abstract: Although the fungus Candida albicans is a commensal colonizer of humans, the organism is also an important opportunistic pathogen. Most infections caused by C. albicans arise from organisms that were previously colonizing the host as commensals, and therefore successful establishment of colonization is a prerequisite for pathogenicity. To elucidate fungal activities that promote colonization, an analysis of the transcription profile of C. albicans cells recovered from the intestinal tracts of mice was performed. The results showed that within the C. albicans colonizing population, cells expressed genes characteristic of the laboratory-grown exponential phase and genes characteristic of post-exponential-phase cells. Thus, gene expression both promoted the ability to grow rapidly (a characteristic of exponential-phase cells) and enhanced the ability to resist stresses (a characteristic of post-exponential-phase cells). Similarities in gene expression in commensal colonizing cells and cells invading host tissue during disease were found, showing that C. albicans cells adopt a particular cell surface when growing within a host in both situations. In addition, transcription factors Cph2p and Tec1p were shown to regulate C. albicans gene expression during intestinal colonization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenbach
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dignard
authors.forename: Jessica V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whiteway
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kumamoto
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000382:microbiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008322:Mammals / Q000382:microbiology*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C435125:CPH2 protein, Candida albicans; C489432:TEC1 protein, Candida albicans