title: Critical velocity, anaerobic distance capacity, maximal instantaneous velocity and aerobic inertia in sprint and endurance young swimmers.
abstract: Critical velocity (CV), anaerobic distance capacity (ADC), maximal instantaneous velocity (V (max)), and aerobic inertia (tau) were calculated from two (CV(2par) and ADC(2par)), three (CV(3par), ADC(3par), and V (max 3par)), and four-parameter model data (CV(4par), ADC(4par), V (max 4par), and tau), which were obtained from six different times and distances (50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,500 m) swum in front crawl stroke under maximal intensity. Fourteen swimmers (14-15-year-old; sprint and endurance groups, each group n = 7) volunteered in this study. CV values were not influenced by the groups. The model effects showed that CV(2par) was higher than CV(3par) and CV(4par) regardless of the group used. In addition, CV(3par) and CV(4par) were similar. ADC seems to be better estimated using both three- and four-parameter models. V (max) was higher in the sprint group regardless of the model used. The models effects showed that the V (max 4par) was higher than the V (max 3par) regardless of the group. Sprint and endurance groups showed similar tau values. The analysis of the models (F test, coefficient of determination R (2), and adjusted coefficient of determination R (adjusted) (2) ) showed that the three-parameter model was more appropriate among the applied models. Although the four-parameter model showed better correlation for the endurance group, the inclusion of tau (fourth parameter) did not significantly improve the quality of adjustment. However, it is important to emphasize the availability of another parameter for the study of bioenergetics in swimming and other sports.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício-LAPEX, Escola de Educação Física (ESEF/UFRGS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Felizardo 750, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90690-200, Brazil. rodrigozacca@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zacca
authors.forename: Bruno München
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: Jeferson Steffanello
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Piccin
authors.forename: Nilson Romeu
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Marcilio
authors.forename: André Luiz
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Flávio Antônio
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: de Souza Castro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013550:Swimming; D013997:Time Factors