title: Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacteremia in humans: 16 case reports and a literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a glucose-nonfermenting Gram-negative bacillus that is widely distributed in both natural environment and hospitals. Various infections in humans have been reported, but most have been limited to sporadic case reports. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and manifestations of S. paucimobilis bacteremia. We also reviewed the literature on S. paucimobilis bacteremia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases of S. paucimobilis bacteremia were identified retrospectively at a university-affiliated hospital in Taiwan. In addition, relevant case reports were identified through PubMed and reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From April 2004 to April 2008, 42 cases of S. paucimobilis bacteremia were identified in this study. Among them, 16 cases were identified from E-Da hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan and 26 cases from the literature review. The median age of patients was 48.5 years and 57.1% were male. The most common comorbidities included malignancy (57.1%), immunosuppressant use (40.5%), and diabetic mellitus (11.9%). Hospital-acquired bacteremia accounted for 69.0% of infections. Primary bacteremia and catheter-related bloodstream infection were found in 35.7% and 33.3% respectively. The most effective antibiotics were fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, and beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations. All 42 patients survived the S. paucimobilis bacteremic episodes, but three patients experienced septic shock.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S. paucimobilis can cause infections in healthy as well as immunocompromised individuals. Although it is an organism of low clinical virulence, infection caused by S. paucimobilis can lead to septic shock. Further clinical research is required to characterize this infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jiun-Nong
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chung-Hsu
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Yen-Hsu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hsing-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chun-Kai
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wei-Fang
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jiun-Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hsing-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Shiou-Haur
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Hsi-Hsun
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D020578:Sphingomonas / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents