title: Emergent self-expanding stent placement for acute intracranial or extracranial internal carotid artery dissection with significant hemodynamic insufficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  ICAD with hemodynamic insufficiency may present with either fulminant infarct or with progressive neurologic deterioration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of emergent self-expanding stent placement for acute intracranial or extracranial ICAD with significant hemodynamic insufficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients (7 men and 1 woman; age range, 20-55 years; NIHSS score, 5-21) underwent emergent self-expanding stent placement for treatment of significant hemodynamic insufficiency due to acute ICAD. The safety and efficacy of emergent self-expanding stent placement were retrospectively evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients presented with progressive (n = 6) or fluctuating (n = 2) neurologic deficits and revealed markedly decreased perfusion on CT or MR perfusion studies. Conventional angiography revealed acute occlusion (n = 2) or critical stenosis (n = 6) in intracranial (n = 3) or extracranial (n = 5) carotid arteries with a lack of sufficient collaterals. Stent placement was successful in all patients without any procedure-related complications. In all patients, hemodynamic insufficiency was corrected immediately after stent placement, and neurologic symptoms were completely resolved during several days. Mean improvement of the NIHSS score between baseline and discharge was 11.6 (range, 5-21). All patients remained neurologically intact (mRS, 0) during clinical follow-up for a mean of 21 months (range, 8-50 months). Angiographic follow-up was available for 6 patients at 3-12 months. None of the 6 patients revealed residual or in-stent restenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-expanding stent placement is a safe and effective option for selected patients with significant hemodynamic insufficiency due to acute intracranial or extracranial ICAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D020215:Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult