title: Testing a social ecological model for relations between political violence and child adjustment in Northern Ireland.
abstract: Relations between political violence and child adjustment are matters of international concern. Past research demonstrates the significance of community, family, and child psychological processes in child adjustment, supporting study of interrelations between multiple social ecological factors and child adjustment in contexts of political violence. Testing a social ecological model, 300 mothers and their children (M = 12.28 years, SD = 1.77) from Catholic and Protestant working class neighborhoods in Belfast, Northern Ireland, completed measures of community discord, family relations, and children's regulatory processes (i.e., emotional security) and outcomes. Historical political violence in neighborhoods based on objective records (i.e., politically motivated deaths) were related to family members' reports of current sectarian antisocial behavior and nonsectarian antisocial behavior. Interparental conflict and parental monitoring and children's emotional security about both the community and family contributed to explanatory pathways for relations between sectarian antisocial behavior in communities and children's adjustment problems. The discussion evaluates support for social ecological models for relations between political violence and child adjustment and its implications for understanding relations in other parts of the world.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, 118 Haggar Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. edward.m.cummings.10@nd.edu
authors.forename: E Mark
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Merrilees
authors.forename: Alice C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Schermerhorn
authors.forename: Marcie C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Goeke-Morey
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shirlow
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cairns
mesh_terms: D000275:Adjustment Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D002410:Catholicism / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000523:psychology*; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009660:Northern Ireland; D011057:Politics; D033303:Protestantism / Q000523:psychology; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012917:Social Adjustment; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*