title: Non-verbal visual reinforcement affects speech audiometry in the elderly.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate how non-verbal visual reinforcement provided by the audiologist during speech testing influences performance in the elderly. Thirty-two volunteers with age-related hearing loss with or without dual sensory-impairment (DSI), were administered a speech audiometry test in which they repeated lists of ten disyllabic words in two different conditions, namely with and without visual reinforcement. In the conditions of "with visual reinforcement", the tester provided non-verbal cues to acknowledge the response of each participant. The "visual reinforcement" condition did not apparently provide any significant variation in the results. However, when we considered the group of patients without DSI, the non-verbal "visual reinforcement" resulted in better scores (p < 0.001). Non-verbal visual reinforcement may influence speech audiometry results in the elderly. During speech testing of elderly people with age-related hearing loss, audiologists should always remember to administer visual reinforcement to the patients in order to remove a possible confounding factor from audiological evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Audiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS CA' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milan, Italy. fdibe@fastwebnet.it
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Berardino
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Forti
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mattei
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alpini
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cesarani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001302:Audiometry, Speech / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D015897:Comorbidity; D056228:Feedback, Sensory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D011304:Presbycusis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric