title: Oral bacteria as potential probiotics for the pharyngeal mucosa.
abstract: The research described here was aimed at the selection of oral bacteria that displayed properties compatible with their potential use as probiotics for the pharyngeal mucosa. We included in the study 56 bacteria newly isolated from the pharynges of healthy donors, which were identified at the intraspecies level and characterized in vitro for their probiotic potential. The experiments led us to select two potential probiotic bacterial strains (Streptococcus salivarius RS1 and ST3) and to compare them with the prototype oral probiotic S. salivarius strain K12. All three strains efficiently bound to FaDu human epithelial pharyngeal cells and thereby antagonized Streptococcus pyogenes adhesion and growth. All were sensitive to a variety of antibiotics routinely used for the control of upper respiratory tract infections. Immunological in vitro testing on a FaDu layer revealed different responses to RS1, ST3, and K12. RS1 and ST3 modulated NF-kappaB activation and biased proinflammatory cytokines at baseline and after interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) induction. In conclusion, we suggest that the selected commensal streptococci represent potential pharyngeal probiotic candidates. They could display a good degree of adaptation to the host and possess potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy. simone.guglielmetti@unimi.it
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guglielmetti
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Taverniti
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minuzzo
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arioli
authors.forename: Milda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stuknyte
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mora
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000898:Antibiosis; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000382:microbiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D019936:Probiotics; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B