title: A note on the slaughter of llamas in Bolivia by the puntilla method.
abstract: Slaughter by puntilla followed by neck sticking was examined in 20 recumbent llamas. Repeat stabbing was needed to penetrate the foramen ovale in 45% of the llamas, and two animals attempted to stand after the first stab. Puntilla was found to be ineffective, as all animals showed rhythmic breathing movements at the flank following puntilla and before sticking, and 95% had a positive palpebral reflex at the same time. The findings indicated that it is difficult in practice to penetrate the spinal cord with a single puntilla stab.
authors.affiliation: Royal Veterinary College, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Limon
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guitian
authors.forename: Neville G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Gregory