title: Chewing stick use among African immigrants in West Philadelphia: implications for oral health providers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore tooth cleaning methods used by different groups of African immigrants residing in West Philadelphia and identify reasons for its continued use after migration to the U.S.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interviews and focus groups facilitated by two dentists of African descent were conducted during two African health fairs held in West Philadelphia. A total of fifty immigrants representing 15 countries volunteered to participate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  100% of the participants used chewing stick in their home countries. 73% who continue its use after migration to the U.S. believe it is more effective as a tooth cleaning device and that it has medicinal value to the teeth, gums and body.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of chewing stick as an oral hygiene tool persists among different groups of African immigrants after years of residence in the U.S. Oral health providers need to be more aware of alternative health practices used among diverse groups in their communities and determine their value in oral health care.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, Division of Pediatric and Community Oral Health, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. wadenya@dental.upenn.edu
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Wadenya
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berthold
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D015143:Philadelphia; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation*