title: Efficacy of topical cyclosporine A 2% in prevention of graft rejection in high-risk keratoplasty: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical cyclosporine A 2% in the prevention of graft rejection in high-risk keratoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized clinical trial was conducted in which penetrating keratoplasty was performed in 78 eyes that were at high risk for keratoplasty. The study group (n = 39) received topical cyclosporine A 2% drops and control group (n = 39) received polyvinyl alcohol 1.4% drops. In addition, both groups received corticosteroid eye drops after surgery. The main outcome measures were rejection-free interval and reversal of graft rejection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common indication for penetrating keratoplasty was failed previous graft in both groups. The best corrected visual acuity at the end of 1 year was 0.31 +/- 0.18 in the study group and 0.24 +/- 0.17 in the control group (p = 0.14). Seven patients in each group had one episode of graft rejection and one patient in the control group had two episodes of graft rejection. The mean duration after which the patients developed graft rejection after keratoplasty was 7.92 +/- 1.45 months and 6.50 +/- 2.72 months in the study and control group, respectively (p = 0.20). Six patients showed complete reversal of rejection in the study group and four patients showed reversal in the control group (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical cyclosporine A 2% eye drops do not prevent occurrence of graft rejection in high-risk keratoplasty. However, the eyes receiving topical cyclosporine stand a better chance of reversal of the episode of graft rejection.
authors.affiliation: Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jhanji
authors.forename: Kamna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Namrata
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Nihar R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: Rasik B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Vajpayee
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D016572:Cyclosporine