title: Use of nonhuman primate models to develop mucosal AIDS vaccines.
abstract: The HIV vaccines tested in the halted Step efficacy trial and the modestly successful phase 3 RV144 trial were designed to elicit strong systemic immune responses; therefore, strategies to direct immune responses into mucosal sites should be tested in an effort to improve AIDS vaccine efficacy. However, as increased CD4(+) T-cell activation and recruitment to mucosal sites have the potential to enhance HIV transmission, mucosal immune responses to HIV vaccines should primarily consist of effector CD8(+) T cells and plasma cells. Controlling the level of mucosal T-cell activation may be a critical factor in developing an effective mucosal AIDS vaccine. Immunization routes and adjuvants that can boost antiviral immunity in mucosal surfaces offer a reasonable opportunity to improve AIDS vaccine efficacy. Nonhuman primate models offer the best system for preclinical evaluation of these approaches.
authors.affiliation: Center for Comparative Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. mgenesca@primate.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Meritxell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Genescà
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D011323:Primates / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G