title: Population based time trends and socioeconomic variation in use of radiotherapy and radical surgery for prostate cancer in a UK region: continuous survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine variation in the management of prostate cancer in patients with different socioeconomic status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey using UK regional cancer registry data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional population based cancer registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  35 171 patients aged >or=51 with a diagnosis of prostate cancer, 1995-2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Use of radiotherapy and radical surgery. Socioeconomic status according to fifths of small area deprivation index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the nine years of the study, information on stage at diagnosis was available for 15 916 of 27 970 patients (57%). During the study period, the proportion of patients treated with radiotherapy remained at about 25%, while use of radical surgery increased significantly (from 2.9% (212/7201) during 1995-7 to 8.4% (854/10 211) during 2004-6, P<0.001). Both treatments were more commonly used in least deprived compared with most deprived patients (28.5% v 21.0% for radiotherapy and 8.4% v 4.0% for surgery). In multivariable analysis, increasing deprivation remained strongly associated with lower odds of radiotherapy or surgery (odds ratio 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.90 to 0.94), P<0.001, and 0.91 (0.87 to 0.94), P<0.001, respectively, per incremental deprivation group). There were consistently concordant findings with multilevel models for clustering of observations by hospital of diagnosis, with restriction of the analysis to patients with information on stage, and with sequential restriction of the analysis to different age, stage, diagnosis period, and morphology groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After a diagnosis of prostate cancer, men from lower socioeconomic groups were substantially less likely to be treated with radical surgery or radiotherapy. The causes and impact on survival of such differences remain uncertain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge CB2 0SR. gl290@medschl.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lyratzopoulos
authors.forename: Josephine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Barbiere
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Neal
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000639:trends; D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors