title: Perforator flap magnetic resonance angiography for reconstructive breast surgery: a review of 25 deep inferior epigastric and gluteal perforator artery flap patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for preoperative mapping of rectus and gluteal muscle perforating arteries prior to autologous flap breast reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative MRA on 25 consecutive patients undergoing perforator artery-based autologous breast reconstruction was performed at 1.5 T using 3D liver accelerate volume acquisition (LAVA) of abdominal or gluteal regions acquired during injection of 20 mL of gadobenate dimeglumine with bolus timing optimized using MR fluoroscopy or SmartPrep. Perforator artery size and coordinates relative to umbilicus or top of gluteal crease on 3D MRA were compared to findings at surgery. Reconstructed breast volume estimates from MRA were also compared to weights at harvesting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 132 perforator arteries were found at surgery to be located within 1 cm of the coordinates measured on MRA and were surgically verified to be suitable for flap perfusion. Surgery verified the arterial course and caliber through the rectus and gluteal muscles visualized on MRA in 48 of 49 arteries. Volume rendering of 3D MRA predicted a breast reconstruction volume with a mean difference of 47 g compared to measurements at harvesting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRA accurately maps rectus and gluteal muscle perforator arteries for preoperative planning of autologous flaps for breast reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Imaging at New York Presbyterian, New York, New York 10022, USA. tin9004@nyp.org
authors.forename: Tiffany M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vasile
authors.forename: Joshua L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Greenspun
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Minh-Tam
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Priscilla A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Winchester
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Prince
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D017568:Rectus Abdominis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000637:transplantation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*