Autoantibodies against tumor-related antigens: incidence and biologic significance.
In the last two decades, tumors have been found to evoke antigen-specific immune responses. However, the biologic role of spontaneous tumor-specific T-cell and antibody responses are still a matter of controversy. Paradoxically, cancer-related immunity has been suggested to promote tumor growth, to effectively suppress tumor progression, or to simply represent a clinically irrelevant epiphenomenon. In recent years, research has focused on tumor antigen-specific T cells, and little has been done to systematically evaluate the significance of spontaneously occurring tumor-associated autoantibodies. For this article, we screened the relevant literature on the incidence and significance of tumor-induced antibodies. We found that such spontaneous autoantibodies, targeting different antigens, are present at varying frequencies throughout a wide diversity of malignancies. In particular entities, these antibodies are already used or might be developed into diagnostic tools. Furthermore, autologous antibodies against some antigen families have a prognostic significance. Finally, tumor antigen-specific autoantibodies seem to be capable of disrupting tumor growth but, in certain instances, are also misused by the malignancy to evade immune control.
Kobold
Sebastian
S
Department of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation with the Section Pneumology, University Cancer Center Hamburg (Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Sebastian.kobold@hotmail.de
Lütkens
Tim
T
Cao
Yanran
Y
Bokemeyer
Carsten
C
Atanackovic
Djordje
D
D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*
D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D001323:Autoantibodies