Exposure to organophosphate pesticides and male hormone profile in floriculturist of the state of Morelos, Mexico.
BACKGROUND
Studies on experimental animals have found that organophosphate (OP) pesticides may act as endocrine disruptors; however, their effects on the human hormonal profile have not yet been adequately characterized. We evaluate the association between exposure to OP pesticides, measured through dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites urinary levels, and the male hormone profile.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study was performed in 104 floriculturists of Morelos, Mexico. A structured questionnaire was applied to get information on sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometry, clinical history, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and work history. DAP metabolites [dimethylphosphate (DMP), dimethylthiophosphate, dimethyldithiophosphate, diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP) and diethyldithiophosphate] were determined using gas-liquid chromatography. Serum levels of FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone, inhibin B and estradiol were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multiple linear regression was used to study the association between DAP metabolite levels and male hormonal profile. Data were adjusted by p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene serum levels and other potential confounders.


RESULTS
There was a negative association between inhibin B and urinary levels of DMP, DEP, DETP and total DAP metabolites. DEP levels were negatively associated with serum FSH concentrations, but marginally and positively associated with those of testosterone. DETP was marginally associated with lower LH serum levels. There were no other significant associations among OP metabolites and serum hormone levels.


CONCLUSIONS
Inhibin B and FSH vary according to levels of DAP metabolites in men occupationally exposed to OP pesticides. These results suggest that OP pesticides could act as endocrine disruptors in humans; however, most hormonal values fell within the wide normal range and associations were small. There is, therefore, a need for further investigation to elucidate their biological and clinical relevance.
Blanco-Muñoz
Julia
J
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de México (INSP) (National Institute of Public Health of México), Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta María Ahuacatitlán, CP 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
Morales
Magally Mayanin
MM
Lacasaña
Marina
M
Aguilar-Garduño
Clemente
C
Bassol
Susana
S
Cebrián
Mariano E
ME
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D042341:Gonadal Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D018812:Paternal Exposure; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D010907:Pituitary Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
D042341:Gonadal Hormones; D010755:Organophosphates; D010575:Pesticides; D010907:Pituitary Hormones; C422364:inhibin B; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007265:Inhibins; D011388:Prolactin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D003404:Creatinine