title: Contextual risk, maternal parenting and adolescent externalizing behaviour problems: the role of emotion regulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to test if emotion regulation mediates the association between mothers' parenting and adolescents' externalizing behaviour problems (conduct problems and hyperactivity). The parenting dimensions were warmth, psychological control and behavioural control (measured with knowledge, monitoring and discipline). Adjustment was made for contextual risk (measured with the number of proximal adverse life events experienced), gender, age and English as an additional language.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were from a UK community sample of adolescents aged 11-18 from a comprehensive school in a disadvantaged area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the multivariate level, none of the parenting variables predicted hyperactivity, which was associated only with difficulties in emotion regulation, contextual risk and English as a first language. The parenting variables predicting conduct problems at the multivariate level were warmth and knowledge. Knowledge did not predict emotion regulation. However, warmth predicted emotion regulation, which was negatively associated with conduct problems. Contextual risk was a significant predictor of both difficulties in emotion regulation and externalizing behaviour problems. Its effect on conduct problems was independent of parenting and was not via its association with difficulties in emotion regulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings add to the evidence for the importance of maternal warmth and contextual risk for both regulated emotion and regulated behaviour. The small maternal control effects on both emotion regulation and externalizing behaviour could suggest the importance of paternal control for adolescent outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: Eirini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Flouri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000523:psychology; D012306:Risk; D006113:United Kingdom