[Immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease].
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are idiopathic, chronic and relapsing inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. New insights into the pathogenesis of IBD have been provided by three lines of research: (1) studying susceptibility genes involved in the detection of bacterial components and in the regulation of the host immune response, (2) highlighting the disruption of tolerance towards the commensal microbiota and (3) unravelling the critical role of environmental factors such as sanitation and hygiene. This review presents current etiological hypothesis of IBD which argue that pathogenic intestinal bacteria and/or infectious agents initiate and perpetuate the inflammation of the gut in an individual with genetic vulnerability leading to impaired epithelial barrier function and abnormal mucosal immune responses.
Matricon
Julien
J
Inserm U766, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie fondamentale et clinique de la douleur, Laboratoire de pharmacologie médicale, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France. julien.matricon@free.fr
D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D015994:Incidence; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000502:physiology; D010539:Permeability; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000502:physiology; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000502:physiology
D016207:Cytokines; C429018:NOD2 protein, human; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D023083:beta-Defensins