title: The effect of cranberry juice and cranberry proanthocyanidins on the infectivity of human enteric viral surrogates.
abstract: The effect of cranberry juice (CJ) and cranberry proanthocyanidins (PAC) on the infectivity of human enteric virus surrogates, murine norovirus (MNV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV-F9), MS2(ssRNA) bacteriophage, and phiX-174(ssDNA) bacteriophage was studied. Viruses at high (approximately 7 log(10) PFU/ml) or low (approximately 5 log(10) PFU/ml) titers were mixed with equal volumes of CJ, 0.30, 0.60, and 1.20 mg/ml final PAC concentration, or water and incubated for 1 h at room temperature. Viral infectivity after treatments was evaluated using standardized plaque assays. At low viral titers, FCV-F9 was undetectable after exposure to CJ or the three tested PAC solutions. MNV-1 was reduced by 2.06 log(10) PFU/ml with CJ, and 2.63, 2.75, and 2.95 log(10) PFU/ml with 0.15, 0.30, and 0.60 mg/ml PAC, respectively. MS2 titers were reduced by 1.14 log(10) PFU/ml with CJ, and 0.55, 0.80, and 0.96 log(10) PFU/ml with 0.15, 0.30, and 0.60 mg/ml PAC, respectively. phi-X174 titers were reduced by 1.79 log(10) PFU/ml with CJ, and 1.95, 3.67, and 4.98 log(10) PFU/ml with PAC at 0.15, 0.30, and 0.60 mg/ml, respectively. Experiments using high titers showed similar trends but with decreased effects. CJ and PAC show promise as natural antivirals that could potentially be exploited for foodborne viral illness treatment and prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: Doris H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: D'Souza
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D001628:Beverages; D017927:Calicivirus, Feline / Q000187:drug effects*; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D029322:Norovirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000737:chemistry*; D019562:Viral Load; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D044945:Proanthocyanidins