title: Cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome in older men and women: the dose responses to Exercise Training (DR's EXTRA) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the association of maximum oxygen uptake (Vo(2max)) with the development and resolution of metabolic syndrome (MetS) for 2 years in older individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were a population sample of 1,226 men and women aged 57-78 years. We assessed Vo(2max) directly by respiratory gas analysis during maximum exercise testing and used dichotomous and continuous variables for MetS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One SD increase in baseline Vo(2max) associated with 44% (95% CI 24-58) decreased risk of developing MetS. Individuals in the highest third of baseline Vo(2max) were 68% (37-84) less likely to develop MetS than those in the lowest third. One SD increase in Vo(2max) increased the likelihood to resolve MetS 1.8 (1.2-2.8) times. Individuals in the highest Vo(2max) third were 3.9 (1.5-9.9) times more likely to resolve MetS than those in the lowest third.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness protect against MetS and may resolve it in older individuals.
authors.affiliation: Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassinen
authors.forename: Timo A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lakka
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hakola
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Savonen
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Komulainen
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Litmanen
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kiviniemi
authors.forename: Reija
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kouki
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heikkilá
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rauramaa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL