title: Practice-induced and sequential modulations of the Simon effect.
abstract: People react more quickly and more accurately to stimuli presented in locations corresponding to the response, as compared with noncorresponding locations, even when stimulus location is irrelevant (Simon effect [SE]). The explanation that SEs are caused by the automatic priming of a corresponding response has been questioned, because of the many exceptions to the effect. We replicated practice-induced and sequential modulations of the SE in two experiments--first, by training participants with blocks of location-relevant stimuli, and second, by mixing location-relevant and location-irrelevant trials. The decrease of the SE with incompatible training was relatively permanent in the blocked experiment, whereas the effect was temporary in the mixed experiment. The difference was caused by a more permanent reversal of the SE after incongruent trials, showing that sequential modulations depend on long-term practice effects. We suggest that there is a formation of a contralateral long-term memory stimulus-response link in blocked conditions and that short-term and long-term memory links are primed by preceding events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. esoetens@vub.ac.be
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soetens
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maetens
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zeischka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001245:Association Learning / Q000502:physiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005556:Form Perception / Q000502:physiology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology