title: Sustained efficacy of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, RV5, up to 3.1 years following the last dose of vaccine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) is a common cause of childhood hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits. In the Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial (REST), the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) significantly reduced RVGE-associated hospitalizations and ED visits for up to 2 years following the last vaccine dose. This study evaluated whether RV5 remained efficacious beyond 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20,736 infants from Finland, initially in REST, were followed for RVGE-associated hospitalizations and ED visits in a Finnish extension study (FES) for up to 3.1 years after vaccination (age, ∼3.5 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FES added >18,500 person-years and captured 150 RVGE-associated hospitalizations and ED visits (11 RV5; 139 placebo). In REST + FES, RV5 reduced RVGE-associated hospitalizations and ED visits, regardless of rotavirus serotype, by 94.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.4%-95.9%) for up to 3.1 years after vaccination. RV5 also conferred significant protection against hospitalizations and ED visits associated with rotavirus serotypes G1 (95.5%; 95% CI: 92.8%-97.2%), G2 (81.9%; 95% CI: 16.1%-98.0%), G3 (89.0%; 95% CI: 53.3%-98.7%), G4 (83.4%; 95% CI: 51.2%-95.8%), and G9 (94.2%; 95% CI: 62.2%-99.9%). Rate reductions (95% CI) in hospitalizations and ED visits during the first, second, and third years of life were 94.0% (90.0%-96.5%), 94.7% (90.7%-97.2%), and 85.9% (51.6%-97.2%), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RVGE-associated hospitalizations and ED visits remain common in the second year of life but decrease in the third year of life. RV5 showed sustained protective efficacy against RVGE-associated hospitalizations and ED visits, regardless of rotavirus serotype, for up to 3.1 years after vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland. timo.vesikari@uta.fi
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vesikari
authors.forename: Aino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karvonen
authors.forename: Shannon Allen
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ferrante
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kuter
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciarlet
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C492535:RotaTeq; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated