title: Performance changes in world-class kayakers following two different training periodization models.
abstract: This study was undertaken to compare training-induced changes in selected physiological, body composition and performance variables following two training periodization models: traditional (TP) versus block periodization (BP). Ten world-class kayakers were assessed four times during a training cycle over two consecutive seasons. On each occasion, subjects completed an incremental test to exhaustion on the kayak ergometer to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)), VO(2) at second ventilatory threshold (VO(2) VT2), peak blood lactate, paddling speed at VO(2peak) (PS(peak)) and VT2 (PS( VT2)), power output at VO(2peak) (Pw(peak)) and VT2 (Pw( VT2)), stroke rate at VO(2peak) (SR(peak)) and VT2 (SR( VT2)) as well as heart rate at VO(2peak) and VT2. Volume and exercise intensity were quantified for each endurance training session. Both TP and BP cycles resulted in similar gains in VO(2peak) (11 and 8.1%) and VO(2) VT2 (9.8 and 9.4%), even though the TP cycle was 10 weeks and 120 training hours longer than the BP cycle. Following BP paddlers experienced larger gains in PS(peak), Pw(peak) and SR(peak) than those observed with TP. These findings suggest that BP may be more effective than TP for improving the performance of highly trained top-level kayakers. Although both models allowed significant improvements of selected physiological and kayaking performance variables, the BP program achieved similar results with half the endurance training volume used in the TP model. A BP design could be a more useful strategy than TP to maintain the residual training effects as well as to achieve greater improvements in certain variables related to kayaking performance.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. jesus.garcia.pallares@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Pallarés
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Fernández
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Medina
authors.forename: Mikel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D054874:Athletic Performance; D001823:Body Composition; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010507:Periodicity; D010807:Physical Endurance; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D012767:Ships; D013177:Sports; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid