title: Hot flushes and biochemical markers for cardiovascular disease: a randomized trial on hormone therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Menopausal hot flushes may affect the responses of various vascular risk factors to hormone therapy (HT). We compared the responses of biochemical markers for cardiovascular diseases to HT in recently postmenopausal women with tolerable or intolerable hot flushes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy, non-smoking freshly postmenopausal women (n = 150) with no previous HT use were studied. Seventy-two women reported intolerable hot flushes (> or =7 moderate/severe episodes/day) and 78 women tolerable hot flushes (< or =3 mild episodes/day). The participants were treated in randomized order with either transdermal estradiol gel (1 mg), oral estradiol valerate (2 mg) with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate (5 mg), or placebo for 6 months. Treatment-induced changes in lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were compared. The trial is registered in the US National Institutes of Health Clinical Research Registry (no. NCT00668603).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment hot flush status was not related to the responses of these markers to different forms of HT. However, when all active regimens were evaluated together as a post-hoc analysis, 7/10 markers showed a tendency toward greater beneficial changes in women with intolerable hot flushes. Furthermore, in women with intolerable hot flushes and with HT use, the increases in SHBG (Spearman's rho = - 0.570, p < 0.001) were related to the reductions in hot flushes during the use of HT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hot flushes appear to be no significant determinant for the responses of vascular markers to HT use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tuomikoski
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mikkola
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tikkanen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ylikorkala
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D004967:Estrogens; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D004958:Estradiol; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate