title: Exploring the use of seclusion and restraint with deaf psychiatric patients: comparisons with hearing patients.
abstract: Archival data of seclusion and restraint events in a group of deaf adults (n = 30) was compared with a random sample of hearing adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) (n = 30) and a random sample of hearing adults without ID (n = 51) admitted to a state hospital from 1998 to 2008. Only 12% of the hearing non-ID group experienced a seclusion or restraint versus 43% of the deaf group. The ID group also showed significantly higher rates of seclusion and restraint than the hearing non-ID group (30 vs. 12%). Patients in the deaf and ID group were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with impulse control disorders (23 and 23%, respectively), which may have contributed to the higher utilization of seclusion and restraint procedures in these groups. Deafness-related cultural and linguistic variables that impact the use of seclusion and restraint are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1111 W. 10th Street, PB, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. drdiaz@iupui.edu
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Landsberger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003638:Deafness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006783:Hospitals, State; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010356:Patient Isolation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome