title: Lung vascular targeting using antibody to aminopeptidase P: CT-SPECT imaging, biodistribution and pharmacokinetic analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aminopeptidase P (APP) is specifically enriched in caveolae on the luminal surface of pulmonary vascular endothelium. APP antibodies bind lung endothelium in vivo and are rapidly and actively pumped across the endothelium into lung tissue. Here we characterize the immunotargeting properties and pharmacokinetics of the APP-specific recombinant antibody 833c.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used in situ binding, biodistribution analysis and in vivo imaging to assess the lung targeting of 833c.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than 80% of 833c bound during the first pass through isolated perfused lungs. Dynamic SPECT acquisition showed that 833c rapidly and specifically targeted the lungs in vivo, reaching maximum levels within 2 min after intravenous injection. CT-SPECT imaging revealed specific targeting of 833c to the thoracic cavity and co-localization with a lung perfusion marker, Tc99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin. Biodistribution analysis confirmed lung-specific uptake of 833c which declined by first-order kinetics (t(½) = 110 h) with significant levels of 833c still present 30 days after injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that APP expressed in endothelial caveolae appears to be readily accessible to circulating antibody rather specifically in lung. Targeting lung-specific caveolar APP provides an extraordinarily rapid and specific means to target pulmonary vasculature and potentially deliver therapeutic agents into the lung tissue.
authors.affiliation: Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chrastina
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valadon
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Massey
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Schnitzer
mesh_terms: D000626:Aminopeptidases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D021941:Caveolae / Q000201:enzymology; D002460:Cell Line; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology*; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D010477:Perfusion; D055420:Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011485:Protein Binding; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000626:Aminopeptidases; C022750:X-Pro aminopeptidase