title: Formation and attachment of the deoxysugar moiety and assembly of the gene cluster for caprazamycin biosynthesis.
abstract: Caprazamycins are antimycobacterials produced by Streptomyces sp. MK730-62F2. Previously, cosmid cpzLK09 was shown to direct the biosynthesis of caprazamycin aglycones, but not of intact caprazamycins. Sequence analysis of cpzLK09 identified 23 genes involved in the formation of the caprazamycin aglycones and the transfer and methylation of the sugar moiety, together with genes for resistance, transport, and regulation. In this study, coexpression of cpzLK09 in Streptomyces coelicolor M512 with pRHAM, containing all the required genes for dTDP-l-rhamnose biosynthesis, led to the production of intact caprazamycins. In vitro studies showed that Cpz31 is responsible for the attachment of the l-rhamnose to the caprazamycin aglycones, generating a rare acylated deoxyhexose. An l-rhamnose gene cluster was identified elsewhere on the Streptomyces sp. MK730-62F2 genome, and its involvement in caprazamycin formation was demonstrated by insertional inactivation of cpzDIII. The l-rhamnose subcluster was assembled with cpzLK09 using Red/ET-mediated recombination. Heterologous expression of the resulting cosmid, cpzEW07, led to the production of caprazamycins, demonstrating that both sets of genes are required for caprazamycin biosynthesis. Knockouts of cpzDI and cpzDV in the l-rhamnose subcluster confirmed that four genes, cpzDII, cpzDIII, cpzDIV, and cpzDVI, are sufficient for the biosynthesis of the deoxysugar moiety. The presented recombineering strategy may provide a useful tool for the assembly of biosynthetic building blocks for heterologous production of microbial compounds.
authors.affiliation: Pharmazeutisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kaysser
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wemakor
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siebenberg
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.forename: Jae Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Sohng
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kammerer
authors.forename: Bertolt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gust
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001381:Azepines; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000235:genetics*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D003837:Deoxy Sugars / Q000378:metabolism; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D048372:Streptomyces coelicolor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014529:Uridine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D001381:Azepines; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D003837:Deoxy Sugars; C512217:caprazamycin A; D014529:Uridine