title: Modified preauricular approach and rigid internal fixation for intracapsular condyle fracture of the mandible.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article reports a modified preauricular approach for intracapsular condyle fracture (ICF) of the mandible and evaluates the stability of various internal fixation methods in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) division of the Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-one patients with 208 ICFs diagnosed by panoramic radiograph and computed tomographic (CT) scan received open treatment in the TMJ division from 1999 to 2008. Their charts were reviewed. Classification of the fracture was based on coronal CT scan. Forty-three patients also underwent magnetic resonance imaging before the operation to check displacement of the disc. A modified preauricular approach was used for all patients. Various internal fixation methods from wire, to screw, to plate were evaluated for stability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 110 ICFs of type A fracture, 60 of type B fracture, 9 of type C fracture, 25 of type M fracture, and 4 fractures without displacement. A modified preauricular approach was used for open treatment, which can better expose and protect the TMJ and superficial temporal vessels. Wire and plate is the commonly used stable fixation method for type A, B, and M fractures, which accounted for 56.7% (101/178). Small fracture fragments were removed with disc repositioning for all type C fractures (n = 9) and some type B (n = 9) and M fractures (n = 5). Three type M fracture and 3 nondisplaced ICFs were treated closed. Eighty-nine patients with 115 ICFs had postoperative CT scan, which showed anatomic and nearly anatomic fracture reduction rates of 95.6%. Thirty-five patients with 44 ICFs had long-term follow-ups from 3 months to 5 years. Among them, 63.2% (n = 12/19) pediatric ICFs had continuous condyle growth after open reduction and rigid fixation; 92% adults had ICFs that healed well (n = 23/25). Postoperative complications were facial nerve injury (n = 3), TMJ clicking (n = 1), and condyle resorption that required plate removal (n = 4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A modified preauricular approach provides better exposure and protection of the TMJ and superficial temporal vessels. Wire and plate provides stable fixation for type A and some type B and M fractures. Open reduction and rigid fixation produce good results for adult patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Minjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bin
authors.forename: Xiaohu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yating
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D017746:Joint Capsule / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome