title: Effect of sandblasting and various metal primers on the shear bond strength of resin cement to Y-TZP ceramic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the effect of sandblasting and metal primers on the shear bond strength of three commercial resin cements to Yttria-Tetragonl Zirconia Polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramics.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty Y-TZP ceramic cylinders (Ø7 mm x 12 mm) were embedded in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) molds using PMMA. The specimens were divided randomly into 12 groups (n=10), according to the surface treatments (control; sandblast-only; metal primer-only; sandblast+metal primer) and metal primer-resin cements (Alloy primer - Panavia F 2.0, V-primer - Superbond C&B, Metaltite - M bond) rendered. The mixed resin cements were placed onto the treated zirconia surfaces in cylindrical shape (Ø3 mm x 3 mm) using PTFE molds. All specimens were thermocycled (5 and 55 degrees C, 5000 cycles) and subjected to shear bond strength test by a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. All data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and multiple comparison Scheffé test (alpha=0.05), and SEM images of the fractured areas were used to evaluate the fracture mode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Panavia F 2.0, the bond strength of the specimens treated with sandblasting and metal primer (Alloy primer) was significantly higher than those of the other subgroups. In Superbond C&B and M bond, sandblasting significantly increased the shear bond strength, but the effect of metal primers (V-primer and Metaltite) was not significant and there was disordinal interaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metal primers are not always effective for bonding between Y-TZP ceramics and resin cements. Even though a metal primer is not enough to be used alone, combined application with sandblasting seems to be an appropriate pretreatment for improving the bond strength of resin cement to Y-TZP ceramics, especially in Panavia F 2.0.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Seung-ryong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Jai-bong
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung-hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008689:Methacrylates; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D013871:Thiones; D013889:Thiouracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D014227:Triazines; D015019:Yttrium; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: C521707:Alloy Primer; C509517:Metaltite; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; D013871:Thiones; D014227:Triazines; C107059:V-Primer; C499362:yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D015019:Yttrium; D013889:Thiouracil; D015040:Zirconium