99th Dahlem conference on infection, inflammation and chronic inflammatory disorders: psycho-neuroimmunology and the intestinal microbiota: clinical observations and basic mechanisms.
This is a rapidly emerging field. The application of knowledge regarding the relationship between neural and immune systems in order to gain a better understanding of human conditions has been slow. In this discussion we describe how the brain and microbiota interact, and try to bring this into a context that is clinically relevant. We begin by describing established facts pertaining to the gut-brain axis and the role of gut bacteria. We then focus upon emerging data that will contribute to the generation of a new conceptual framework about the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In the final section we anticipate future directions of this field.
Bienenstock
J
J
Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Collins
S
S
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology*; D003863:Depression / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D054892:Metagenome / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D011598:Psychoneuroimmunology