title: Development and growth of anterior spine surgery in Minnesota.
abstract: Until the 1960s, it was not possible to directly access the thoracic vertebrae in order to correct conditions such as congenital kyphosis. Attempts to treat problems using traditional posterior spine surgeries often failed, leaving patients paraplegic. Using a procedure initially done in Hong Kong, surgeons from the University of Minnesota in 1966 became some of the first in the United States to access the thoracic spine from the anterior position, allowing for correction of deformities. This article highlights Minnesota surgeons' contributions to the development of anterior spine surgery.
authors.affiliation: Twin Cities Spine Center, USA.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Garamella
mesh_terms: D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000266:history*; D008910:Minnesota; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000266:history*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000266:history*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D014481:United States