title: Recovery and screening for antibiotic susceptibility of potential bacterial pathogens from the oral cavity of shark species involved in attacks on humans in Recife, Brazil.
abstract: The number of incidents involving sharks and humans at beaches in Recife, on the north-eastern Brazilian coast, is among the highest worldwide. In addition, wound infections in survivors are common; but the nature and risk of the aetiological agents is unknown. In the present study, 81 potential bacterial pathogens were identified in the oral cavity of sharks involved in attacks in Recife, and were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests using the standardized disc-diffusion method. The majority were enterobacteria such as Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Proteus spp., Providencia alcalifaciens, Escherichia coli, Moellerella wisconcensis and Leclercia adecarboxylata. Other Gram-negative bacteria included Vibrio spp., Burkholderia cepacia, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. In addition, coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. and Micrococcus spp. were identified, besides Streptococcus spp. from the viridans group. Resistance was especially found in the Proteus mirabilis and Citrobacter freundii, and ranged from 4 to 6 antibiotics out of the 13 tested. Gentamicin and vancomycin were the most effective against Gram-positive cocci strains, whereas levofloxacin was fully inhibitory against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These data are discussed in light of a retrospective evaluation of the medical records of three shark victims treated at Restauração Hospital in Recife.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Interaminense
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: D C O
authors.initials: DCO
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: J E C
authors.initials: JEC
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pesca e Aqüicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: M M C
authors.initials: MMC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pesca e Aqüicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: F H V
authors.initials: FHV
authors.lastname: Hazin
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Pontes-Filho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Lima-Filho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044822:Biodiversity; D001938:Brazil; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D012754:Sharks / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents