title: Characterization of the ascending colon fluids in ulcerative colitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the fluid composition in ascending colon of fasted adults with ulcerative colitis in relapse and in remission with a view to predicting variations on dosage form performance in the lower inflamed gut.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients participated in a two-phase, crossover study. Enrollment to the relapse phase (Phase A) and designation of the remission state for the second colonoscopy (Phase B) were based on Clinical Rachmilewicz Index values. Samples were analyzed for pH and buffer capacity immediately upon collection. After ultracentrifugation, osmolality, surface tension, soluble protein, soluble carbohydrates, and the levels of ten bile acids, seven short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), three long-chain fatty acids, triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total SCFAs are significantly decreased in relapse, but pH remains unaffected. Regardless of remission/relapse status, pH and isobutyric acid levels are lower than in healthy adults. Buffer capacity, osmolality, and soluble protein are higher than in healthy adults. Treatment with prednisolone increases the volume of intracolonic contents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variations in fluid composition of the ascending colon with activity and severity of ulcerative colitis may have an impact on the performance of orally administered products that are targeted to release the therapeutic agent in the colon.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vertzoni
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goumas
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Söderlind
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abrahamsson
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dressman
authors.forename: Androniki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poulou
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reppas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000737:chemistry; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000473:pathology; D044682:Colon, Ascending / Q000473:pathology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry; D012008:Recurrence; D012995:Solubility; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D002784:Cholesterol