title: Iron-deficiency anemia in infancy and mother-infant interaction during feeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to compare quality of mother-infant interaction during feeding in infants with or without iron-deficiency anemia (IDA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants and caregivers were screened at their 9- to 10-month-old health maintenance visits at an inner-city clinic in Detroit. Those who were full-term and healthy received a venipuncture blood sample to assess iron status. Of the 77 infants who met final iron status criteria, 68 infants and mothers were videotaped during feeding interaction at the Child Development Research Laboratory. The quality of mother-infant interaction during feeding was scored on the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale. Twenty-five infants with IDA (hemoglobin [HB] <110 g/L and at least 2 abnormal iron measures) were compared to 43 nonanemic infants (HB > or = 110 g/L) using analysis of variance and general linear models with covariate control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers of IDA infants responded with significantly less sensitivity to infant cues and less cognitive and social-emotional growth fostering behavior than mothers of nonanemic infants. The pattern of results was similar for scales of contingent behaviors. The magnitude of the differences in maternal ratings was large (0.8-1.0 SD after covariate adjustment). IDA infants were rated significantly lower on clarity of cues and overall (effect sizes 0.5 SD).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IDA in infancy was associated with less optimal mother-infant interaction during feeding. Future interventions might target feeding interaction and consider effects on infant iron status and developmental/behavioral outcomes among IDA infants, as well as infant feeding practices per se.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, 78109, Israel. rinatsivan@gmail.com
authors.forename: Rinat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Armony-Sivan
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaplan-Estrin
authors.forename: Sandra W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Betsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lozoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000523:psychology*; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D011581:Psychological Tests; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult