Beneficial effects of docosahexaenoic acid on cognition in age-related cognitive decline.
BACKGROUND
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays an important role in neural function. Decreases in plasma DHA are associated with cognitive decline in healthy elderly adults and in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Higher DHA intake is inversely correlated with relative risk of Alzheimer's disease. The potential benefits of DHA supplementation in age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) have not been fully examined.


OBJECTIVE
Determine effects of DHA administration on improving cognitive functions in healthy older adults with ARCD.


METHODS
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical study was conducted at 19 U.S. clinical sites. A total of 485 healthy subjects, aged ≥55 with Mini-Mental State Examination >26 and a Logical Memory (Wechsler Memory Scale III) baseline score ≥1 standard deviation below younger adults, were randomly assigned to 900 mg/d of DHA orally or matching placebo for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the CANTAB Paired Associate Learning (PAL), a visuospatial learning and episodic memory test.


RESULTS
Intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated significantly fewer PAL six pattern errors with DHA versus placebo at 24 weeks (difference score, -1.63 ± 0.76 [-3.1, -0.14, 95% CI], P = .03). DHA supplementation was also associated with improved immediate and delayed Verbal Recognition Memory scores (P < .02), but not working memory or executive function tests. Plasma DHA levels doubled and correlated with improved PAL scores (P < .02) in the DHA group. DHA was well tolerated with no reported treatment-related serious adverse events.


CONCLUSIONS
Twenty-four week supplementation with 900 mg/d DHA improved learning and memory function in ARCD and is a beneficial supplement that supports cognitive health with aging.


BACKGROUND
Clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT0027813.
Yurko-Mauro
Karin
K
Clinical Research Department, Martek Biosciences Corporation, Columbia, MD, USA. kyurko@martek.com
McCarthy
Deanna
D
Rom
Dror
D
Nelson
Edward B
EB
Ryan
Alan S
AS
Blackwell
Andrew
A
Salem
Norman
N
Stedman
Mary
M
D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
D018697:Nootropic Agents; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids