title: CT volume measurement for prognostic evaluation of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma after TACE.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the value of computed tomography (CT) volume measurements for evaluation of the survival rate of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-six unresectable HCC patients after TACE were involved in this retrospective study. Hepatic CT scan was performed for all patients before and 4 wk to 2 mo after TACE to define the morphologic features of HCC including its largest diameter, volume, product of the greatest axial dimension, tumor to liver volume ratio (TTLVR), and tumor shrinkage ratio. Clinical variables used in the study included gender, age, pattern of tumor growth, number of lesions, Child-Pugh classification of liver function, repeated TACE times, pre- or post-treatment alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, portal vein cancerous thrombus, tumor metastasis, degree of lipiodol retention within the tumor, and percutaneous ethanol injection. The correlation between survival time and clinical variables of patients or lesions was analyzed by combining morphologic features with the corresponding clinical and general data as input. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze prognostic factors. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative survival time. Influence of the parameters on prognosis was analyzed by the log-rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall 6, 12, 24, 36 and 60 mo cumulative survival rates were 78.92%, 49.85%, 23.82%, 15.60% and 8.92%, respectively. The median survival time was 12 mo. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that only 4 parameters were the independent prognostic factors including TTLVR (chi(2) = 14.328, P < 0.001), portal vein cancerous thrombus (chi(2) = 5.643, P = 0.018), repeated TACE times (chi(2) = 8.746, P = 0.003), and post-treatment serum AFP level (chi(2) = 5.416, P = 0.020). When the TTLVR value was less than 70%, the survival time was inversely correlated with the TTLVR value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT volume measurement technique can predict the prognosis of unresectable HCC patients after TACE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Wulumuqi Middle Road 12, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Han-Qiu
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhen-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yan-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yong-Qiang
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome