title: A male patient from the West Indies with invasive ductal carcinoma in the right breast: a case report and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Men with breast carcinoma have a poor prognosis, especially in the younger age group (30-40 years of age), because most breast enlargements in young men are dismissed as gynecomastia, resulting in an unnecessary delay in treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We describe the case of a young male patient with invasive ductal breast carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In November 2005, a 30-year-old Afro-Caribbean man presented at St. Clair Medical Centre in Port of Spain, Trinidad, with a painless lump in the right breast. Diagnostic findings revealed that the patient had stage II invasive ductal carcinoma, for which he underwent a mastectomy with total axillary clearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgeons investigating unilateral breast swellings in young males should not dismiss them simply as gynecomastia, and should be wary of cancer.
authors.affiliation: The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies.
authors.forename: Rizwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Sharlon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maharaj
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001365:Axilla; D001706:Biopsy; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D015413:Mastectomy, Simple; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014300:Trinidad and Tobago / Q000453:epidemiology