title: A dominance hierarchy of auditory spatial cues in barn owls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Barn owls integrate spatial information across frequency channels to localize sounds in space.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We presented barn owls with synchronous sounds that contained different bands of frequencies (3-5 kHz and 7-9 kHz) from different locations in space. When the owls were confronted with the conflicting localization cues from two synchronous sounds of equal level, their orienting responses were dominated by one of the sounds: they oriented toward the location of the low frequency sound when the sources were separated in azimuth; in contrast, they oriented toward the location of the high frequency sound when the sources were separated in elevation. We identified neural correlates of this behavioral effect in the optic tectum (OT, superior colliculus in mammals), which contains a map of auditory space and is involved in generating orienting movements to sounds. We found that low frequency cues dominate the representation of sound azimuth in the OT space map, whereas high frequency cues dominate the representation of sound elevation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We argue that the dominance hierarchy of localization cues reflects several factors: 1) the relative amplitude of the sound providing the cue, 2) the resolution with which the auditory system measures the value of a cue, and 3) the spatial ambiguity in interpreting the cue. These same factors may contribute to the relative weighting of sound localization cues in other species, including humans.
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Department, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ilana B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Witten
authors.forename: Phyllis F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: Eric I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Knudsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003463:Cues; D013017:Sound Localization / Q000502:physiology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D020305:Strigiformes / Q000502:physiology*