title: Evaluation of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in detecting renal scarring in a rat injury model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To create a reliable rat model with small renal cortical scars and evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in detecting the kinds of lesions that are associated with reflux nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 16 rats, three unilateral renal cortical lesions were created using either electrocautery or pure alcohol with the contralateral kidney serving as control. MRI on a 1.5 Tesla GE Signa was performed 10-14 days after surgery. After bolus injection of 0.2 mM/Kg Gd-DTPA, sequential MRI acquisitions were performed using a 4-inch quadrature birdcage coil. Renal and scar volumes and pathology were compared after scanning and killing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 48 points of injury, 40 (83%) in the 16 rats were detected grossly. Under microscopy, 36 injuries (75%) were detected on mid-kidney cross-sections. The average lesion was 4.2 mm(3) corresponding to 0.5% of the kidney volume. Using pathological findings as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of scar detection using MRI was 69% and 93%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A rat model was created to demonstrate the sensitivity of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for detecting renal scars. Alcohol and electrocautery created reliable renal scars that were confirmed pathologically. MRI detected these lesions that averaged 4.2 mm(3) (0.5% total renal volume) with sensitivity and specificity of 69% and 93%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Bingyin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spielman
authors.forename: Linda M Dairiki
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Shortliffe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA