title: Adulticidal activity of essential oil of Lantana camara leaves against mosquitoes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Development of insect resistance to synthetic pesticides, high operational cost and environmental pollution have created the need for developing alternative approaches to control vector-borne diseases. In the present study we have investigated the insecticidal activity of essential oil isolated from the leaves of Lantana camara against mosquito vectors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Essential oil was isolated from the leaves of L. camara using hydro-distillation method. Bioassay test was carried out by WHO method for determination of adulticidal activity against mosquitoes. Different compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LD(50) values of the oil were 0.06, 0.05, 0.05, 0.05 and 0.06 mg/cm(2) while LD(90) values were 0.10, 0.10, 0.09, 0.09 and 0.10 mg/cm(2) against Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, An. culicifacies, An. fluvialitis and An. stephensi respectively. KDT(50) of the oil were 20, 18, 15, 12, and 14 min and KDT(90) values were 35, 28 25, 18, 23 min against Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, An. culicifacies, An. fluviatilis and An. stephensi, respectively on 0.208 mg/cm(2) impregnated paper. Studies on persistence of essential oil of L. camara on impregnated paper revealed that it has more adulticidal activity for longer period at low storage temperature. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of essential oil showed 45 peaks. Caryophyllene (16.37%), eucalyptol (10.75%), alpha-humelene (8.22%) and germacrene (7.41%) were present in major amounts and contributed 42.75 per cent of the total constituents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Essential oil from the leaves of L. camara possesses adulticidal activity against different mosquito species that could be utilized for development of oil-based insecticide as supplementary to synthetic insecticides.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Field Unit, Haridwar , India.
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Dua
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dash
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000494:pharmacology; D032410:Lantana / Q000378:metabolism*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D010575:Pesticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010575:Pesticides; D010936:Plant Extracts