title: Efficacy of milrinone versus nitroglycerin in controlling pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by intravenous injections of absolute ethanol in anesthetized dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the attenuating effects of milrinone versus nitroglycerin on pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) increase caused by repeat intravenous bolus injection of absolute ethanol in anesthetized dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four dogs were randomly distributed into three groups: a control group (group C), a nitroglycerin group (treated with a continuous infusion of nitroglycerin at 5.0 microg/kg/min; group N), and a milrinone group (treated with a continuous infusion of milrinone at 3.0 microg/kg/min after an initial bolus dose of 100 microg/kg; group M). Absolute ethanol (0.1 mL/kg) was injected at 10-minute intervals via a 5-F angiographic catheter advanced into the proximal portion of the inferior vena cava. Immediately before and after each intravenous injection of absolute ethanol, hemodynamic values were obtained through a pulmonary arterial catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group M showed more stable hemodynamic values of systolic, mean, and diastolic PAP and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) compared with groups C and N. In addition, group M showed significantly higher values of cardiac output versus group C at 10 minutes after the 10th bolus of ethanol. After restoration of spontaneous breathing, group M also showed the least hemodynamic changes in systolic, mean, and diastolic PAPs and PVR among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a continuous infusion of nitroglycerin or milrinone effectively prevented cardiovascular deterioration, milrinone was superior to nitroglycerin in managing the acute hemodynamic changes that resulted from repeated intravenous bolus injections of absolute ethanol (0.1 mL/kg) in healthy anesthetized dogs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Laboratory Animal Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50, Il won-Dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Young Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Chul Joong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chung Su
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Woo Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Kwang Bo
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Byung Seop
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hwi Yool
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004285:Dogs; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D020105:Milrinone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D000431:Ethanol; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D020105:Milrinone