title: The induction of a cell-mediated immune response to bovine viral diarrhea virus with an adjuvanted inactivated vaccine.
abstract: This study evaluated the induction of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) cell-mediated and humoral immune responses after vaccination with an adjuvanted inactivated product. In vaccinated animals, there was an overall treatment effect (P less than .05), for an increased percentage of BVDV-specific CD8 T cells expressing interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The percentages of IFN-γ producing γδ-T cells in the vaccinated group were increased on days 7 (P =.10), 14 (P =.09), and 31 (P = .12). CD4 T cells expressing IFN-γ were increased on day 42 (P = .05). Stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the vaccinated group had increased IFN-γ production on days 14 and 35 (P less than .05). Testing for BVDV types 1 and 2 titers began at day 14, with peak titers on days 42 and 35, respectively. In summary, the intracellular accumulation and release of IFN-γ, a T helper cell 1 cytokine, indicates that an adjuvanted inactivated BVDV vaccine is capable of invoking a cell-mediated response while delivering a targeted humoral response.
authors.affiliation: Rural Technologies Inc., Brookings, SD 57006, USA. estevens@ruraltechinc.com
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Butterbaugh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barling
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rhoades
authors.forename: C C L
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chase
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002417:Cattle; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008297:Male; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines