title: Aberrant silencing of imprinted genes on chromosome 12qF1 in mouse induced pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been generated by enforced expression of defined sets of transcription factors in somatic cells. It remains controversial whether iPSCs are molecularly and functionally equivalent to blastocyst-derived embryonic stem (ES) cells. By comparing genetically identical mouse ES cells and iPSCs, we show here that their overall messenger RNA and microRNA expression patterns are indistinguishable with the exception of a few transcripts encoded within the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 gene cluster on chromosome 12qF1, which were aberrantly silenced in most of the iPSC clones. Consistent with a developmental role of the Dlk1-Dio3 gene cluster, these iPSC clones contributed poorly to chimaeras and failed to support the development of entirely iPSC-derived animals ('all-iPSC mice'). In contrast, iPSC clones with normal expression of the Dlk1-Dio3 cluster contributed to high-grade chimaeras and generated viable all-iPSC mice. Notably, treatment of an iPSC clone that had silenced Dlk1-Dio3 with a histone deacetylase inhibitor reactivated the locus and rescued its ability to support full-term development of all-iPSC mice. Thus, the expression state of a single imprinted gene cluster seems to distinguish most murine iPSCs from ES cells and allows for the prospective identification of iPSC clones that have the full development potential of ES cells.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Regenerative Medicine; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stadtfeld
authors.forename: Effie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Apostolou
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akutsu
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Follett
authors.forename: Sridaran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natesan
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: Toshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shioda
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hochedlinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D033481:Chromosomes, Mammalian / Q000235:genetics*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020868:Gene Silencing; D018392:Genomic Imprinting / Q000235:genetics*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; C512925:Dlk1 protein, mouse; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C422882:MEG3 non-coding RNA, mouse; D035683:MicroRNAs; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C441460:Rian protein, mouse