title: Expression of the transcription factor HEY1 in glioblastoma: a preliminary clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hairy/enhancer of split (E(spl))-related family of transcription factors (HES and HEY) are established targets of the notch signaling pathway, which has been implicated in different developmental processes, tumor formation and the self-renewal of neural stem cells. We determined the expression of HEY1 in human malignant gliomas to investigate whether its expression might be related to prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of HEY1 was studied by in situ hybridization on 62 cases of glioblastoma. Patients were treated with surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We considered as end points of the study the overall survival time and progression-free interval. Correlations between HEY1 expression and tumor grade/patient overall survival and free interval before recurrence were analyzed using univariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the in situ hybridization results, HEY1 expression rate was reported as negative staining in 13 cases (20.6%), as weak staining in 11 cases (17.3%), as moderate staining in 21 cases (33.3%), and as strong staining in 17 cases. We considered in the analysis the cumulative expression of HEY1 at in situ hybridization (Hey Index) as negative in 13 cases and positive in 49 cases (77.78%). The overall survival (P = 0.002) and the free-interval (P = 0.012) were significantly longer in patients who were negative for HEY1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that expression of HEY1 might be used as a marker to distinguish glioblastoma patients with a relatively good prognosis from those at high-risk, and that, in the future, HEY1 might represent a therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. paolo.gaetani@humanitas.it
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaetani
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hulleman
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: Micaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quarto
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scorsetti
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Helins
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simonelli
authors.forename: Piergiuseppe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baena y Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C485631:HEY1 protein, human