title: The long and winding road to understanding and conquering type 1 diabetes.
abstract: Autoimmune diseases with high population prevalence such as type 1 diabetes (T1D) develop as a result of ill-defined interactions between putative environmental triggers and a constellation of genetic elements scattered throughout the genome. In T1D, these interactions somehow trigger a loss of tolerance to pancreatic beta cells, manifested in the form of a chronic autoimmune response that mobilizes virtually every cell type of the immune system and progressively erodes the host's beta cell mass. The five accompanying review articles focus on key areas of T1D research, ranging from genetics and pathogenesis to prediction and therapy. Here, I attempt to integrate and bring into focus the most salient points of these reviews in the context of other findings, with an emphasis on identifying knowledge gaps and research opportunities.
authors.affiliation: Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Institute of Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada. psantama@ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santamaria
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin