title: Non-specific effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) on cognitive ability and decision-making of ADHD and healthy adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of a single dose of methylphenidate (MPH) on cognitive measures and decision-making processes was assessed in a sample of adults with ADHD and in a control sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two adults satisfying DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and 26 healthy controls performed several cognitive tasks. Half of the participants received MPH prior to performing the tasks, and the other half received placebo in a randomized, double-blind manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average digit-span test score was higher in the groups receiving MPH compared to the groups receiving placebo, while diagnosis did not have an effect upon scores. In decision-making tasks, however, MPH did not have an effect upon performance, whereas in one of the tasks the average proportion of risky choices was higher in ADHD adults compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data therefore demonstrates that (a) MPH is capable of enhancing specific aspects of cognitive performance and (b) this enhancement is not specific to ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
authors.forename: Nirit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agay
authors.forename: Eldad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yechiam
authors.forename: Ziv
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Carmel
authors.forename: Yechiel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Levkovitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D008774:Methylphenidate