title: Early renal abnormalities in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Potential therapeutic interventions are being developed for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). A pivotal question will be when to initiate such treatment, and monitoring disease progression will thus become more important. Therefore, the prevalence of renal abnormalities in ADPKD at different ages was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Included were 103 prevalent ADPKD patients (Ravine criteria). Measured were mean arterial pressure (MAP), total renal volume (TRV), GFR, effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), renal vascular resistance (RVR), and filtration fraction (FF). Twenty-four-hour urine was collected. ADPKD patients were compared with age- and gender-matched healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients and controls were subdivided into quartiles of age (median ages 28, 37, 42, and 52 years). Patients in the first quartile of age had almost the same GFR when compared with controls, but already a markedly decreased ERPF and an increased FF (GFR 117 +/- 32 versus 129 +/- 17 ml/min, ERPF 374 +/- 119 versus 527 +/- 83 ml/min, FF 32% +/- 4% versus 25% +/- 2%, and RVR 12 (10 to 16) versus 8 (7 to 8) dynes/cm(2), respectively). Young adult ADPKD patients also had higher 24-hour urinary volumes, lower 24-hour urinary osmolarity, and higher urinary albumin excretion (UAE) than healthy controls, although TRV in these young adult patients was modestly enlarged (median 1.0 L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Already at young adult age, ADPKD patients have marked renal abnormalities, including a decreased ERPF and increased FF and UAE, despite modestly enlarged TRV and near-normal GFR. ERPF, FF, and UAE may thus be better markers for disease severity than GFR.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: Mieneke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rook
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tent
authors.forename: Gerjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Navis
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van der Jagt
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Ron T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Gansevoort
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D005838:Genotype; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000235:genetics; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D010641:Phenotype; D007690:Polycystic Kidney Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017596:Renal Plasma Flow, Effective / Q000235:genetics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000235:genetics; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult