Direct Renin inhibition: promising treatment in renoprotection?
Interruption of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers (ARBs), alone or in combination, has become a leading therapeutic strategy to slow down the progression of chronic kidney disease. Nevertheless, a considerable proportion of patients progress despite this therapy. New alternative arms are available today to treat hypertension in uncontrolled patients that might have a role in renoprotection. The role of aliskiren, the recently available renin inhibitor may be assumed, based on the pathophysiology of RAAS related renal damage and from data derived on experimental and clinical studies in-patient with type 2 diabetes related nephropathy. The review focuses on the potential consequences of (pro)renin blockade in glomerular hypertension and renal scarring along with some patented treatment methods. The benefit of this additional therapy is still only hypothetical. Ad hoc clinical trials have been conducted to confirm the expected results. Finding that prolonged inhibition of renin vasoconstrictor effect, suppression of plasma renin activity and a more effective RAAS blockade, in patients with chronic RAAS inhibition may help to achieve a sustained reduction of proteinuria, would suggest that renin inhibitors may represent a new weapon to fight progressive nephropathies.
Loriga
Giacomina
G
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, Sassari, Italy. giacominal@tiscali.it
D000577:Amides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005650:Fumarates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012083:Renin / Q000633:toxicity; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
D000577:Amides; D000804:Angiotensin II; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D005650:Fumarates; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D012083:Renin; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors; C446481:aliskiren