title: Bullying behaviour and substance abuse among underage psychiatric inpatient adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Only a few studies have examined the putative association between substance use and bullying others, and to our knowledge none of the previous studies have investigated substance abuse among victims or those who are both bullies and victims. The aim of our study was to investigate substance use among all of these three bullying subgroups and to examine the putative association between substance use and bullying behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample consisted of 508 Finnish adolescents (age 12-17) admitted to psychiatric inpatient care between April2001 and March2006. We used the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL) to obtain DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses, information about bullying behaviour and substance abuse of the adolescents. The level of nicotine dependence (ND) was assessed by using the modified Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (mFTQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study showed that both among boys and girls, regular daily smoking and alcohol use among boys were statistically significantly associated with bullying behaviour. Further, among girls, but not among boys, there was also an association between bullying behaviour and more severe substance use, such as ND, use of cannabis and hard drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since an association between bullying and severe substance use was found in this study, our novel finding needs replication in adolescent general population samples.
authors.affiliation: University of Oulu, Finland. anuhelmi@paju.oulu.fi
authors.forename: A-H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Luukkonen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riala
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hakko
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Räsänen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology; D058445:Bullying / Q000523:psychology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*