title: Effect of a high-protein diet on food intake and liver metabolism during pregnancy, lactation and after weaning in mice.
abstract: Major hepatic metabolic pathways are involved in the control of food intake but how dietary proteins affect global metabolism to adjust food intake is incompletely understood, particularly under physiological challenging conditions such as lactation. In order to identify these molecular events, mice were fed a high-protein (HP) diet from pregnancy, during lactation until after weaning and compared with control fed counterparts. Liver specimens were analyzed for regulated proteins using 2-DE and MALDI-TOF-MS and plasma samples for metabolites. Based on the 26 differentially expressed proteins associated with depleted liver glycogen content, elevated urea and citrulline plasma concentrations, we conclude that HP feeding during lactation leads to an activated amino acid, carbohydrate and fatty acid catabolism while it activates gluconeogenesis. From pregnancy to lactation, plasma arginine, tryptophan, serine, glutamine and cysteine decreased, whereas urea concentrations increased in both groups. Concomitantly, hepatic glycogen content decreased while total fat content remained unaltered in both groups. Consideration of 59 proteins differentially expressed between pregnancy and lactation highlights different strategies of HP and control fed mice to meet energy requirements for lactation by adjusting amino acid degradation, carbohydrate and fat metabolism, citrate cycle, but also ATP-turnover, protein folding, secretion of proteins and (de)activation of transcription factors.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit Nutritional Physiology Oskar Kellner, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kuhla
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kucia
authors.forename: Solvig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Görs
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Langhammer
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuhla
authors.forename: Cornelia C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Metges
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D014508:Urea