title: Effects of cyclosporine on the antioxidant status and oxidative stress in the glioma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After organ transplantation, some patients suffer neurological complications. Among the immunosuppressants, cyclosporine can cause neurological side effects. However, the mechanisms of encephalopathy by cyclosporine are not fully understood. We measured the antioxidant status, the hydrogen peroxide level, and the malondialdehyde level in glioma cells after cyclosporine treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The production of hydrogen peroxide was determined using a modified xylenol orange method. The amount of malondialdehyde was measured using the thiobarbituric acid assay. Total antioxidant status was measured using Free Radical Analytical System 4 with kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclosporine resulted in the production of hydrogen peroxide by the glioma cells. The increased production of hydrogen peroxide depended on the drug concentration. The antioxidant status was decreased in the glioma cells after cyclosporine treatment. The malondialdehyde level was not changed in glioma cells after cyclosporine treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased production of reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidant status by cyclosporine in glioma cells may contribute to neurological side effects in transplantation patients.
authors.affiliation: Premedical Course, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Ha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D016572:Cyclosporine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide