title: Quantitative evaluation of k-space reordering schemes for compatible dual-echo arteriovenography (CODEA).
abstract: Compatible dual-echo arteriovenography (CODEA) is a recently developed technique for simultaneous acquisition of time-of-flight MR angiogram (MRA) and blood oxygenation level-dependent MR venogram (MRV) using an echo-specific k-space reordering scheme. In this study, we evaluated and compared the image quality of CODEA MRA/MRV implemented with two different schemes of echo-specific k-space reordering: one along the 1st phase-encode direction (one-dimensional) only and the other along both phase-encode directions (two-dimensional). Our results showed that use of the two-dimensional reordering scheme improved contrast-to-noise ratio of small arteries by approximately 8%, although not statistically significant (P > 0.1). Contrast-to-noise ratio of the CODEA MRAs was better than that for the non-CODEA dual-echo MRA without k-space reordering (contrast-to-noise ratio increased in large arteries by approximately 10% and small arteries by approximately 45%; P < 0.1). Contrast-to-noise ratio of the CODEA MRAs was comparable with that of the conventional single-echo MRA for large arteries but reduced by approximately 20% for small arteries. Contrast-to-noise ratio of veins on the CODEA MRVs was equivalent to that of the conventional single-echo and the non-CODEA dual-echo MRVs. However, some veins in the CODEA MRVs showed stronger contrast than those in the single-echo MRV in relation to the contrast of neighboring arterial signals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Sung-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hackjoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Chan-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Jung-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyongtae Ty
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Bae
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001158:Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014680:Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology*