Inflammation and colon cancer.
The connection between inflammation and tumorigenesis is well-established and in the last decade has received a great deal of supporting evidence from genetic, pharmacological, and epidemiological data. Inflammatory bowel disease is an important risk factor for the development of colon cancer. Inflammation is also likely to be involved with other forms of sporadic as well as heritable colon cancer. The molecular mechanisms by which inflammation promotes cancer development are still being uncovered and could differ between colitis-associated and other forms of colorectal cancer. Recent work has elucidated the role of distinct immune cells, cytokines, and other immune mediators in virtually all steps of colon tumorigenesis, including initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis. These mechanisms, as well as new approaches to prevention and therapy, are discussed in this review.
Terzić
Janos
J
Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Grivennikov
Sergei
S
Karin
Eliad
E
Karin
Michael
M
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators