title: Immunoexpression of angiogenesis, nitric oxide synthase, and proliferation markers in gingival samples of patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In periodontal tissues, angiogenesis seems to be important for the maintenance of healthy tissues and in periodontal diseases. Angiogenesis is regulated through a complex interplay of molecular signals mediated by growth factors involving extracellular matrix remodeling, endothelial cell migration and proliferation, capillary differentiation and anastomosis. However, the influence of angiogenesis in the development, progression, and healing of periodontal lesions is currently under investigation. This immunohistochemical study evaluates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), microvessel density (MVD), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 1 and 3, and Ki-67 in gingival tissues of patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven human gingival biopsies were taken from patients with chronic periodontitis (n = 14 patients), generalized aggressive periodontitis (n = 6 patients), and healthy periodontia (n = 7 patients). The specimens were immunohistochemically stained for VEGF, MVD, NOS 1 and 3, and Ki-67.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of VEGF, MVD, NOS 1 and 3, and Ki-67 were found to be significantly different among groups (P >0.001). Patients with aggressive periodontitis had higher levels of these markers compared to those in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis demonstrates a higher expression of all immunologic markers particularly in subjects with aggressive periodontitis. In summary, the data from this pilot investigation suggests that VEGF is an important factor in the pathogenesis of the aggressive and chronic forms of periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Artese
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.forename: Luciana Aparecida
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: de Gouveia Cardoso
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onuma
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piccirilli
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faveri
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perrotti
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simion
authors.forename: Jamil Awad
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shibli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000473:pathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000473:pathology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D004846:Epithelial Attachment / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000032:analysis; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000032:analysis; D010519:Periodontium / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D005169:Factor VIII; C496320:NOS1 protein, human; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III