title: Global gene expression profiles of ischemic preconditioning in deceased donor liver transplantation.
abstract: The benefits of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in reducing ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) remain indistinct in human liver transplantation (LT). To further understand mechanistic aspects of IPC, we performed microarray analyses as a nested substudy in a randomized trial of 10-minute IPC in 101 deceased donor LTs. Liver biopsies were performed after cold storage and at 90 minutes postreperfusion in 40 of 101 subjects. Global gene expression profiles in 6 biopsy pairs in IPC and work standard organ recovery groups at both time points were compared using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST array. Transcripts with >1.5-fold change and P < 0.05 were considered significant. IPC altered expression of 82 transcripts in antioxidant, immunological, lipid biosynthesis, cell development and growth, and other groups. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting validated our microarray data. IPC-induced overexpression of glutathione S-transferase mu transcripts (GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTM4, and GSTM5) was accompanied by increased protein expression and may contribute to a decrease in oxidative stress. However, the increased expression of fatty acid synthase may increase oxidative stress, and tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 may promote apoptosis. These changes, in combination with decreased expression of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, both of which inhibit apoptosis, may increase IRI. In our study of deceased donor LT, IPC induces changes in gene expression, some of which are potentially beneficial but some which are potentially injurious. Thus, our findings of changes in gene expression mirror the outcomes in our clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dikdan
authors.forename: Kunj K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shareef
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aris
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: de la Torre
authors.forename: Dorian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soteropoulos
authors.forename: Baburao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koneru
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants; D001706:Biopsy; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002102:Cadaver; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D004798:Enzymes / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014019:Tissue Donors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004798:Enzymes