title: Correlates of sharing injection equipment among male injecting drug users in Kathmandu, Nepal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HIV prevalence is high and risky injection practices occur frequently among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Nepal. We explored the correlates of sharing injection equipment (having injected with a needle or syringe previously used by another) among male IDUs in Kathmandu, Nepal.
  
  
  METHODS
  From August to September 2007, we anonymously interviewed 296 male IDUs in Kathmandu, Nepal, using a structured questionnaire. We performed bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis and identified variables associated with sharing injection equipment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over half (n=152) of the participants reported injecting drugs with a needle or syringe previously used by another in the past year. Of these, 70% reported engaging in sharing injection equipment with multiple persons. The unavailability of new needles and drinking alcohol were independently associated with sharing injection equipment among the study participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IDUs who drank alcohol or who could not obtain new needles when needed were more likely to share injection equipment. Our results suggest that reducing alcohol use and increasing the availability of new needles and syringes might improve safer injection practices among male IDUs in Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. krishna@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Krishna C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Poudel
authors.forename: Kalpana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Poudel-Tandukar
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yasuoka
authors.forename: Anand B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Masamine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jimba
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D040261:Harm Reduction; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016485:Needle Sharing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009390:Nepal; D015995:Prevalence; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult