title: Variation in question asking during cancer clinical interactions: a potential source of disparities in access to information.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to investigate whether patient demographic characteristics and patients' companions influence variation in patient question asking during cancer clinical interactions, thus representing a potential disparity in access to information.
  
  
  METHODS
  data included 109 oncologist-patient-companion interactions video recorded at a comprehensive cancer center. Interactions were observed and analyzed using the Karmanos Information Seeking Analysis System (K-ISAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  significant relationships were found between patient race/ethnicity and question asking. Black patients asked fewer questions and a smaller proportion of direct questions (relative to the total frequency of questions) than White patients. Black patients were also less likely to have companions present during the interaction, which resulted in fewer questions asked on Black patients' behalf.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  differences in question asking by Black and White patients suggest that Black patients may receive less information from their oncologists than White patients. PRACTICE/RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS: patients should be encouraged to ask more questions and more direct questions and to bring a companion to the interaction to assist them in gaining information from their physician. Future research is needed to investigate ways to eliminate this potential source of disparities in access to information.
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MA 48201, USA. egglys@karmanos.org
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eggly
authors.forename: Felicity W K
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Louis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Penner
authors.forename: Marci J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gleason
authors.forename: Tanina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Terrance L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Albrecht
mesh_terms: D022126:Access to Information; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003142:Communication; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D057226:Information Seeking Behavior; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D010358:Patient Participation; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult