title: Does treatment with endoscopic third ventriculostomy result in less concern among parents of children with hydrocephalus?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A possible benefit of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is that families might harbor less concern and anxiety compared to shunt. This has not yet been demonstrated, however. Our goal was to compare parental concern in a large sample of children with hydrocephalus treated with ETV or shunt, using our previously developed measure of parental concern, the Hydrocephalus Concerns Questionnaire for Parents (HCQ-P).
  
  
  METHODS
  The parents of children 5-18 years old with previously treated hydrocephalus at three Canadian pediatric neurosurgery centers completed the HCQ-P. HCQ-P scores were compared between those who were initially treated with ETV and those initially treated with shunt. A multivariable linear regression analysis was used to adjust for center, current age, age at initial hydrocephalus surgery, seizures, etiology, hydrocephalus complications, and quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six hundred three families participated (58 ETV [9.6%], 545 shunt [90.4%]). In unadjusted comparison, ETV parents had lower overall concern (HCQ-P = 0.41 versus 0.51, p = 0.02). After adjustment for multiple patient factors, ETV parents still had lower concern (p = 0.03) but the only questions for which there was a still a statistically significant difference were those related to concerns about shunt/ETV complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents of children who have had ETV experience less concern than those who have had shunt and this is due almost exclusively to less concern about hydrocephalus treatment complications. While this could be interpreted as a beneficial aspect of ETV treatment, it remains important for neurosurgeons to ensure that parents are not being overly complacent about the possibility of ETV failure requiring urgent treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada , M5G 1X8. abhaya.kulkarni@sickkids.ca
authors.forename: Abhaya V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Iffat
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shams
authors.forename: D Douglas
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: P Daniel
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: McNeely
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000523:psychology*; D009864:Ontario; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D020542:Third Ventricle / Q000601:surgery*; D014696:Ventriculostomy / Q000523:psychology*