title: GLUT1 and GLUT3 as potential prognostic markers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: We associated clinical-pathological features of 142 OSCC with the expression pattern of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in order to estimate their prognostic value.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical-pathological features and overall survival data of 142 patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) were retrospectively reviewed from A.C.Camargo hospital records. A tissue microarray (TMA) was built for the immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of GLUT 1 and GLUT 3. IHC results were evaluated according to the staining pattern and number of positive cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GLUT 1 was over expressed in 50.3% of OSSC cases showing membrane staining pattern. However, nuclear expression was observed in 49.7% of the analyzed cases. GLUT 3 over expression was detected in 21.1% of OSCC cases. The pattern of GLUT 1 expression showed significant association with alcohol consumption (p = 0.004). Positive cell membrane GLUT 3 protein expression was associated with advanced clinic-staging of tumours (p = 0.005) as well as with vascular embolization (p = 0.005). Positive expression of GLUT 3 was associated with unfavorable free-disease survival (p = 0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GLUT1 and GLUT3 protein expression evaluated by immunohistochemistry are, significantly, indicators of poor prognosis outcome in oral squamous cell carcinoma, probably due to the enhanced glycolytic metabolism of more aggressive neoplastic cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital A.C Camargo, São Paulo, Rua Antonio Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Rocha Rojas
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: Rafael Malagoli
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Kátia Cândido
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: André Lopes
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Isabela Werneck
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.forename: Silvia Vanessa
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.forename: Fernando Augusto
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051274:Glucose Transporter Type 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007120:Immunochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051274:Glucose Transporter Type 3; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human; C495687:SLC2A3 protein, human