EGFR targeting drugs in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
BACKGROUND
Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Despite intense efforts to improve different treatment modalities, mortality rates in advanced cases remain high.


METHODS
EGFR targeting mAb cetuximab (Erbitux) has been approved for the treatment of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in combination with radiotherapy and for recurrent or metastatic HNSCC. Here, we review recent scientific advances, as well as future research goals regarding EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of HNSCC. Information was compiled by searching the PubMed, Web of Knowledge and American Society of Clinical Oncology databases for articles published before October 2009. The search terms included 'head and neck cancer', 'EGFR', 'cetuximab', 'panitumumab', 'zalutumumab', 'nimotuzumab', 'erlotinib', 'gefitinib' and 'lapatinib'. The National Institutes of Health registry of clinical trials ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ) was used to search for clinical trials in HNSCC.


RESULTS
The background scientific rationale, clinical efficacy and development of EGFR inhibitors in HNSCC are discussed.


CONCLUSIONS
Cetuximab significantly improves survival of patients with locally advanced or metastatic HNSCC. Treatment strategies combining EGFR inhibitors with multimodality approaches may eventually increase cure rate in HNSCC.
Sundvall
Maria
M
University of Turku, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, MediCity Research Laboratories, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
Karrila
Anna
A
Nordberg
Janne
J
Grénman
Reidar
R
Elenius
Klaus
K
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D000068818:Cetuximab; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000068818:Cetuximab