title: Oral misoprostol versus intramuscular oxytocin in the active management of the third stage of labour.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the third stage of labour is usually uneventful, several significant complications may be encountered that may lead to maternal morbidity and mortality, especially primary postpartum haemorrhage. The objective of this study was to compare 400 ug oral misoprostol with 10 IU intramuscular oxytocin in the active management of the third stage of labour.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective randomised controlled clinical trial in which 200 parturients at term who had vaginal delivery were randomly assigned into two groups: oral misoprostol and intramuscular oxytocin, after the delivery of the baby and the clamping of the umbilical cord. The primary outcome was the incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage. Secondary outcomes included a drop in haemoglobin concentration 48 hours after delivery, the need for extra oxytocics, duration of the third stage of labour and side effects of the oxytocics. These results were subjected to statistical analysis using chi-square test or student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No occurrence of primary postpartum haemorrhage or significant difference in the drop in haemoglobin concentration levels was reported after delivery (p-value is 0.49), and no significant differences were observed in other secondary outcome measures with the exception of nausea, which occurred solely in the misoprostol group (4 percent, p-value is 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral misoprostol appeared to be as effective and as safe as intramuscular oxytocin in the active management of the third stage of labour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, General Hospital, Randle Street Avenue, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria. eoorji11@yahoo.com
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Afolabi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kuti
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Orji
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Ogunniyi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007749:Labor Stage, Third; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009325:Nausea; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010120:Oxytocics; D016595:Misoprostol; D010121:Oxytocin