title: Spherical carbon adsorbent (AST-120) protects deterioration of renal function in chronic kidney disease rats through inhibition of reactive oxygen species production from mitochondria and reduction of serum lipid peroxidation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An imbalance in renal redox status contributes to progression of renal dysfunction. We investigated the effects of an oral charcoal adsorbent (AST-120) on renal redox status, superoxide production from renal mitochondria, and serum lipid peroxidation using chronic kidney disease (CKD) model rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  CKD was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. CKD rats were divided into 2 groups: controls, and those treated with AST-120 for 20 weeks. We evaluated: (1) renal redox status by in vivo low-frequency electron spin resonance imaging (EPRI); (2) renal superoxide scavenging activity (SSA); (3) superoxide production from renal mitochondria; (4) immunostaining for Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), and (5) oxidative stress markers including LDL-negative charge (LDL-CMF), serum lipid peroxide (LPO) and urinary hexanoyl-lysine (HEL). The effect of indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, on mitochondrial superoxide production was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AST-120 treatment improved renal function, renal SSA, renal mitochondrial superoxide production, renal SOD expression, renal redox status by EPRI, and oxidative stress profiles by LDL-CMF, LPO and urinary HEL. Addition of indoxyl sulfate increased mitochondrial superoxide production and AST-120 also decreased this.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvements in the redox status and lipid peroxidation induced by AST-120 may delay the progression of CKD.
authors.affiliation: Dialysis Unit, Asao Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan. s2oowada@nifty.com
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Owada
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeba
authors.forename: Yasuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugano
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Sohji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagase
authors.forename: Sumie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Fuyuhiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bannai
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamato
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D010087:Oxides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002244:Carbon; C040896:AST 120; D003404:Creatinine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase