title: Morphologic Characteristics and Relating Factors to the Need of Technical Modification in Transcatheter Closure of Large Atrial Septal Defect (>/=25 mm).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The rigid coupling between the delivery wire and the right atrial disk has been occasionally encountered during transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect (ASD). Therefore the device frequently makes a perpendicular angle, and the leading edge of left atrial disk slips through the defect and prolapses into right atrium (RA) before it is properly placed in the septum. The purpose of this study is to investigate relating factors to the need of technical modification in transcatheter closure of large ASD and to evaluate relevant morphologic characteristics of atrial septal rim in this situation.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July, 2003 to May, 2007, 312 patients underwent transcatheter occlusion of ASD with Amplatzer Septal Occluder(R) (ASO, AGA medical corporation, Golden Valley, MN, USA) at Yonsei Cardiovascular Center and among them 109 patients had large ASD (>/=25 mm) and these patients were enrolled in our study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the deploying methods of the device (Group I: standard method, Group II: modified methods). Assessments of the defects and its surrounding rims were made by echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences between 2 groups in age, body weight and height except for balloon-stretched diameter (stop-flow technique) and device size. Group II patients with modified methods showed larger balloon-stretched diameter and device size than group I patients with standard method. The mean length of anterosuperior (AS) rim in group II was significantly shorter than group I (p<0.05). As the size of the device used in procedure increased, there was a trend towards increase in the need of modified methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that AS rim deficiency and the size of ASD may be the relating factors to the need of technical modification in transcatheter closure of ASD. Therefore, when the initial try with standard method is not successful in large ASD with deficient AS rim, we suggest that changing strategy of implantation may save time and efforts and possibly reduce the risk of complications associated with prolonged procedure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Nam Kyun
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung Ok
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung Won
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jun Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sul