title: Influence of oral contraceptives on endogenous pain control in healthy women.
abstract: This study investigated the influence of oral contraceptives (OC) on diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) in healthy women. Fifteen women taking OC and 17 normally menstruating women (No-OC) were tested during high and low endogenous estrogens sessions. Saliva was sampled for analysis of endogenous estradiol level. Mechanical pressure (test stimuli) was applied to the masseter muscle and finger. The pain induced by this pressure was assessed on a 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS) before, during, and after immersion of the contralateral hand in ice-cold water (cold pressor test, CPT) to induce DNIC. For all subjects, pain induced by the test stimuli decreased significantly during the CPT (P < 0.001). The decrease in general was larger in the No-OC group, with a significant difference between groups in the masseter muscle in the low session (P < 0.027). There were no significant differences between groups or sessions in estradiol levels. These results indicate that endogenous pain modulation may be less effective in OC users.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Oral Physiology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 4064, SE-141 04, Huddinge, Sweden. Rezaii.Taraneh@ki.se
authors.forename: Taraneh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rezaii
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ernberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D004958:Estradiol