title: Implementation of measurement instruments in physical therapist practice: development of a tailored strategy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of measurement instruments has become a major issue in physical therapy, but their use in daily practice is infrequent. The aims of this case report were to develop and evaluate a plan for the systematic implementation of 2 measurement instruments frequently recommended in Dutch physical therapy clinical guidelines: the Patient-Specific Complaints instrument and the Six-Minute Walk Test.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic implementation plan was used, starting with a problem analysis of aspects of physical therapist practice. A literary search, structured interviews, and sounding board meetings were used to identify barriers and facilitators. Based on these factors, various strategies were developed through the use of a planning model for the process of change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Barriers and facilitators were revealed in various domains: physical therapists' competence and attitude (knowledge and resistance to change), organization (policy), patients (different expectations), and measurement instruments (feasibility). The strategies developed were adjustment of the measurement instruments, a self-analysis list, and an education module. Pilot testing and evaluation of the implementation plan were undertaken. The strategies developed were applicable to physical therapist practice. Self-analysis, education, and attention to the practice organization made the physical therapists aware of their actual behavior, increased their knowledge, and improved their attitudes toward and their use of measurement instruments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a planning model made it possible to tailor multifaceted strategies toward various domains and phases of behavioral change. The strategies will be further developed in programs of the Royal Dutch Society for Physical Therapy. Future studies should examine the use of measurement instruments as an integrated part of the process of clinical reasoning. The focus of future studies should be directed not only toward physical therapists but also toward the practice organization and professional associations.
authors.affiliation: Center of Research Autonomy and Participation of People With Chronic Illnesses, Department of Physiotherapy, Zuyd University, Nieuw Eyckholt 300, PO Box 550, 6400 AN Heerlen, the Netherlands. a.stevens@hszuyd.nl
authors.forename: J G Anita
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Anna J M H
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Beurskens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D026761:Physical Therapy Specialty / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care