title: Sonographic evaluation of the peripheral nerve in diabetic patients: the relationship between nerve conduction studies, echo intensity, and cross-sectional area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early detection of nerve dysfunction is important to provide appropriate care for patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. The aim of this study was to assess the echo intensity of the peripheral nerve and to evaluate the relationship between nerve conduction study results and sonographic findings in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes (mean +/- SD, 59.8 +/- 10.2 years) and 32 healthy volunteers (mean, 53.7 +/- 13.9 years) were enrolled in this study. The cross-sectional area (CSA) and echo intensity of the peripheral nerve were evaluated at the carpal tunnel and proximal to the wrist (wrist) of the median nerve and in the tibial nerve at the ankle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in the CSA and hypoechoic area of the nerve in diabetic patients compared with controls (wrist, 7.1 +/- 2.0 mm(2), 62.3% +/- 3.0%; ankle, 8.9 +/- 2.8 mm(2), 57.6% +/- 3.9%; and wrist, 9.8 +/- 3.7 mm(2), 72.3% +/- 6.6%; ankle, 15.0 +/- 6.1 mm(2), 61.4% +/- 5.3% in controls and diabetic patients, respectively; P < .05). Cross-sectional areas were negatively correlated with reduced motor nerve conduction velocity and delayed latency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that sonographic examinations are useful for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan. tsuneo_w@gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katano
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seishima
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*