title: Direct effect of mild hypothermia on the coronary vasodilation induced by an ATP-sensitive K channel opener, a nitric oxide donor and isoflurane in isolated rat hearts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Deliberate mild hypothermia (MHT) is applied for cerebroprotection after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and during cardiac surgery. MHT has been shown to alter both contractility and relaxation of blood vessels in the brain. However, the effects of MHT on drug-induced vasodilation are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of MHT on the coronary vasodilation induced by cromakalim (an ATP-sensitive K channel opener), S-nitroso acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP; a nitric oxide donor), and isoflurane in isolated rat hearts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male SD rat hearts were isolated and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Coronary flow was measured with the coronary perfusion pressure kept at 60 mmHg, and coronary vascular resistance (CVR) was calculated. After cardiac arrest was induced by tetrodotoxin, the hearts were allocated to one of three temperature groups: 37, 34, and 31 degrees C (n = 7 for each). All groups received 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 microM of either cromakalim or SNAP or were exposed to isoflurane at 1MAC and 2MAC. Finally, 50 mM of adenosine was administered to obtain maximal coronary vasodilation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CVR significantly increased after cardiac arrest, but did not change after the application of each temperature. Cromakalim, SNAP and isoflurane significantly decreased CVR in each temperature group. There were no significant differences in CVR among the three temperature groups with any of the test drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that cromakalim-, SNAP-, and isoflurane-induced coronary vasodilation are not affected by MHT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tosaka
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tosaka
authors.forename: Sungsam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sumikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019806:Cromakalim / Q000494:pharmacology; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D054086:KATP Channels; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D019806:Cromakalim; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; D007530:Isoflurane