title: Multipurpose solutions and contact lens: modulation of cytotoxicity and apoptosis on the ocular surface.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated (1) 4 multipurpose lens care solutions and 3 contact lenses (soft and rigid) for cytotoxicity according to ISO 10993-5 standard (medical device biocompatibility) and (2) the protective effects of a marine cationic solution and hyaluronic acid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Low water soft lens, high water soft lens, and rigid lens were laid on a conjunctival cell line after being soaked in multipurpose solution (Optifree Express, Renu, Solocare Aqua, or Menicare Plus). Cell morphology was microscopically observed, and cell viability was evaluated using the neutral red test. Apoptosis was assessed after direct contact of multipurpose solutions (MPS) with conjunctival cells using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The ability of a controlled ionization marine solution and hyaluronic acid to prevent multipurpose solution's cytotoxicity was finally evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contact lenses soaked in the MPS induced cell morphology alterations and loss of cell viability. Rinsing the lens with the marine solution improved cell viability and preincubating cells with hyaluronic acid inhibited apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MPS can be damaging for the ocular surface cells. We proposed to rinse the lens with a marine solution before insertion of the lens on the cornea to wash away the multipurpose solution and to use hyaluronic acid to protect the ocular surface cells against apoptosis induced by MPS.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France. melody.dutot@parisdescartes.fr
authors.forename: Mélody
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dutot
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reveneau
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pauloin
authors.forename: Roxane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fagon
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tanter
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Warnet
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002843:Chromatin / Q000187:drug effects; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D018639:Contact Lens Solutions / Q000633:toxicity*; D003261:Contact Lenses; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D018639:Contact Lens Solutions; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid