title: Analysis of serum proteins in clinically healthy goats (Capra hircus) using agarose gel electrophoresis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electrophoretic patterns of serum proteins provide useful information on pathological conditions in ruminants. Their reference values, however, are dissimilar to those of other species. Reference values for goats using agarose gel as the supporting matrix have not been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate serum concentrations of total protein and protein fractions (albumin and globulins) by means of agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) in goats in order to establish electrophoretic reference intervals and to evaluate potential changes associated with aging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood was collected from 105 clinically healthy Girgentana goats by means of jugular venipuncture. Serum protein concentrations were assessed by AGE. Three age groups were compared: 1-1.5 years, 2-4 years, and 5-12 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Values (mean ± SD) were determined for concentrations of total protein (72.26 ± 6.40 g/L), albumin (31.80 ± 4.00 g/L), α-globulins (6.40 ± 1.23 g/L), β(1) -globulins (10.50 ± 2.58 g/L), β(2) -globulins (5.18 ± 1.60 g/L), and γ-globulins (18.65 ± 5.90 g/L) and for albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio (0.82 ± 0.20). One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant age-related differences for total protein and α-globulin concentrations and A/G ratios. Age influenced protein concentrations with the 5-12-year-old group having higher total protein and α-globulin concentrations and lower albumin concentration and A/G ratios than the 2-4-year-old group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides reference values for total protein concentrations and protein fractions obtained by AGE in goats. Some values vary with age. Age-specific reference intervals are reported in order to provide clinicians with an additional diagnostic aid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Sciences and Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. dalberghina@unime.it
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alberghina
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casella
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vazzana
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ferrantelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giannetto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piccione
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000510:Alpha-Globulins / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001609:Beta-Globulins / Q000032:analysis; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005916:Globulins / Q000032:analysis; D006041:Goats / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D005719:gamma-Globulins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000510:Alpha-Globulins; D001609:Beta-Globulins; D001798:Blood Proteins; D005916:Globulins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D005719:gamma-Globulins