title: Intravenous thiamylal and local anesthetic infiltration for pediatric facial repair procedures performed in emergency departments.
abstract: Thiamylal is widely used for procedural sedation in emergency departments (ED); however, there are limited safety data for doses of thiamylal > 5 mg/kg in children. We investigated whether intravenous thiamylal in combination with local anesthetics is safe and effective for pediatric procedural sedation in the ED and to identify the association between increasing doses thiamylal and adverse events. Between July 2004 and June 2008, 227 children who underwent procedural sedation met the inclusion criteria, including 105 males (46.3%) and 122 females (53.7%). Facial laceration was the most common indication for procedural sedation. All children received an intravenous injection of thiamylal, with a loading dose of 5 mg/kg. Eighty-one children (35.7%) received a supplemental dose of 2.5 mg/kg thiamylal because of inadequate sedation. Of these, 27 (11.9%) received a second supplemental dose of 2.5 mg/kg because of inadequate sedation. Sixty-six patients (29.1%) experienced 75 mild and self-resolving adverse events, and most of which (15/75; 20%) were drowsiness. Four (1.8%) patients experienced oxygen saturation below 96%, which was related to the supplemental dose of thiamylal (p = 0.002). No children suffered from any lasting or potentially serious complications. Our results indicate that intravenous thiamylal in combination with local anesthetic infiltration is a well tolerated for therapeutic procedures in the ED. Thiamylal offers rapid onset of sedation without compromising the patient's cardiorespiratory function during pediatric procedural sedation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Kuo
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yu-Wa
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Hon-Man
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Fu-Yuan
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tzeng-Jih
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kuang-I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yu-Tung
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Chung-Long
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003710:Demography; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D010351:Patient Discharge; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013840:Thiamylal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D013840:Thiamylal