title: Physician characteristics and variation in treatment outcomes: are better qualified and experienced physicians more successful in treating patients with chronic pain with acupuncture?
abstract: The aim of this paper was to quantify the influence of the physician's training and experience in the field of acupuncture on the outcome in patients with chronic pain. Patients visiting their physician because of chronic low back pain, headache, pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee or hip, or neck pain, were included in 4 multicenter, randomized, controlled studies. All patients received routine care; patients in the acupuncture groups received additional acupuncture treatment (on average 10 sessions). The data was pooled, and the 3-month change from baseline of the SF-36 bodily pain subscale as the main outcome defined. A total of 9,990 patients (mean age 49.6 +/- 13.6 years, 68% female) treated by 2,781 physicians (mean age 46.3 +/- 7 years, 37% female) were analyzed. The physicians had 7.3 +/- 5.2 (mean +/- sd) years of experience in acupuncture and their mean duration of formal acupuncture training had been 287 +/- 321 hours. The outcome was markedly improved in the acupuncture group. We identified only 1 physician characteristic with a significant influence on the outcome: Internists performed better (odds ratio OR = 1.49, confidence interval CI: 1.01;2.18; P = .043); orthopedists worse (OR = .79, CI: .62;1; P = .043) than the average physician. Neither the duration of training nor the duration of experience had any impact on the extent of the acupuncture effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this analysis, physician characteristics such as training did not influence patients' outcome after acupuncture, suggesting that formal training parameters have only a limited influence on treatment effect. Other skills such as the therapeutic relationship, which are difficult to measure, may probably play a more important role and should be taken into consideration.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité Medical Center, Berlin, Germany. claudia.witt@charite.de
authors.forename: Claudia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lüdtke
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wegscheider
authors.forename: Stefan N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Willich
mesh_terms: D026881:Acupuncture / Q000193:education; D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004501:Education, Medical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009985:Orthopedics; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010820:Physicians / Q000592:standards*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome