title: Addition of low-dose ketamine to propofol-fentanyl sedation for gynecologic diagnostic laparoscopy: randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility of propofol-fentanyl sedation protocol with ketamine for gynecologic diagnostic laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, double-blind, randomized study (Canadian Task Force classification I).
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient operating unit in a university hospital specializing in obstetrics and gynecology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty women who underwent outpatient gynecologic diagnostic laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to receive fentanyl, 1 microg/kg, and normal saline solution (group F, n = 40), or fentanyl, 1 microg/kg, and ketamine, 0.5 mg/kg (group FK, n =40), followed by propofol, 2.0 mg/kg, for sedation induction. During surgery, propofol was supplemented to achieve a target Ramsey score of 6, and cardiopulmonary support was required to maintain stable vital signs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of 40 patients (12.5%) in group FK reported pain associated with propofol injection compared with 33 of 40 patients (82.5%) in group F. During surgery, 7 patients (17.5%) in group FK required rescue propofol compared with 32 patients (80.0%) in group F (p <.001). The mean (SD) rescue dose of propofol was 0.4 (0.5) mg/kg in group FK compared with 1.6 (0.6) mg/kg in group F (p <.001). In group F, 17 patients (42.5%) required assisted mask ventilation because of respiratory depression, and in 21 patients (52.5%), atropine therapy was necessary to treat bradycardia, compared with 6 patients (15.0%) and 11 patients (27.5%), respectively, in group FK (p <.05). The mean arterial blood pressure at the end of induction, pneumoperitoneum inflation, and trocar insertion was significantly decreased in group F compared with group FK (p <.05). No differences were observed between the 2 groups insofar as operation duration, recovery time, discharge time, intraoperative awareness, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative pain. Although patient satisfaction scores were comparable, a higher degree of gynecologist satisfaction was observed in group FK compared with group F (p <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of low-dose ketamine to propofol-fentanyl sedation can provide more stable and satisfactory operation conditions in gynecologic diagnostic laparoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. yutingtang@sohu.com
authors.forename: Yu-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Xue-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiao-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055986:Vital Signs
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol