title: [cagA,vacA and iceA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori isolated from children in Shanghai].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate cagA, vacA and iceA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) isolated from children suffering from gastric and duodenal diseases in Shanghai and to explore a possible genotype-phenotype correlation.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 2007 to January 2008, 59 children were confirmed with Hp infection by gastroscopy. Biopsied specimens were taken from the gastric antrum. cagA, vacA and iceA genes were determined by PCR. The histological changes in the gastric mucosa were evaluated. The levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the gastric mucosa were measured using ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  cagA, vacAs1/m1, vacAs1/m2, iceA1 and iceA2 were found in 65%, 19%, 40%, 63% and 19% of H. pylori strains, respectively. Both iceA1 and iceA2 were detected in 9% of strains. There were no statistical differences in the distribution of various genotypes between the children with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. No association was observed between the genotypes and the degree of inflammation of gastric mucosa. There were no significant differences in levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the gastric mucosa infected by different genotypes of H. pylori strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  cagA/vacAs1/m2/iceA1 may be the commonest genotype combination of H.pylori in children from Shanghai. That there was no association between H.pylori genotypes and clinical variables suggests the potential role of host and environment factors in the development of clinical diseases at a later life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology,Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Cai-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bing-Feng
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000382:microbiology; D005838:Genotype; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori; C063113:ice nucleation protein; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma