title: Ischemic effects of transcatheter arterial embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-lipiodol on the colon in a Swine model.
abstract: This study was designed to assess the safety of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with n-butyl cyanoacrylate-lipiodol (NBCA-Lp) for the large bowel and to investigate the vital response to NBCA-Lp in a swine model. In nine swine, nine arteries nourishing the colon were embolized with NBCA-Lp (1 ml of NBCA mixed with 4 ml of lipiodol): sigmoid-rectal branch artery in six swine, right colic branch artery in two, and middle colic branch artery in one. The amount of NBCA-Lp was 0.1-0.4 ml. Sacrifice was conducted 3 days after TAE to identify histological infarction. Classification was conducted retrospectively: group A, vasa recta without NBCA-Lp embolization despite TAE; group B, three or fewer vasa recta with NBCA-Lp embolization; and group C, five or more vasa recta with NBCA-Lp embolization. In one swine in group A, no necrotic focus was observed. In group B, three of four swine experienced no ischemic damage. The remaining one swine experienced necrosis of mucosal and submucosal layers in one-fourth of the circumference. In group C, all four swine with marginal artery and five vasa recta or more embolized experienced total necrosis of mucosa, submucosa, and smooth muscle layers of the whole colonic circumference. Significant difference on the extent of ischemic damage was observed between groups B and C (P < 0.05). Microscopically, NBCA-Lp induced acute vasculitis. Embolization of three or fewer vasa recta with NBCA-Lp induced no ischemic damage or limited necrosis, whereas embolization of five or more vasa recta with NBCA-Lp induced extensive necrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikoma
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Morio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sonomura
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minamiguchi
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takasaka
authors.forename: Kouhei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahara
authors.forename: Naohisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D003106:Colon / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D012809:Colon, Sigmoid / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D011336:Probability; D011897:Random Allocation; D012007:Rectum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004659:Enbucrilate