title: Effect of saliva contamination and decontamination on bovine enamel bond strength of four self-etching adhesives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the effect of saliva contamination on the bovine enamel microtensile bond strengths (microTBS) of four self-etching adhesives.
  
  
  METHODS
  The labial enamel surfaces of extracted non-carious bovine incisors were serially wet ground. The enamel surfaces were not contaminated (Group A), contaminated with saliva before/after priming (Groups B/C) or they were water-sprayed after salivary contamination occurred before/after priming (Groups D/E). Four self-etching adhesives and the corresponding resin composites from the same manufacturer (Clearfil SE Bond + Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray Co; Xeno III + Ceram X, Densply; Frog + Ice, SDI; FL Bond H + Beautifil II, Shofu Inc) were applied onto the enamel surfaces. The microTBS tests were performed with a micro tester (BISCO, Inc). The enamel surface was analyzed with AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) before/after salivary contamination occurred or after the saliva-contaminated enamel was water-sprayed. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, factorial design ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's HSD multiple comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Salivary contamination significantly reduced the microTBS of all the adhesives in the current study (p < 0.001). Thorough water-spraying could significantly restore the microTBS of saliva-contaminated enamel to some degree (p < 0.05) or fully restore it for Clearfil SE Bond, but it could not remove some proteins adsorbed on the enamel surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydrophilic self-etching adhesives are negatively influenced by salivary contamination. Thorough water-spraying could significantly improve the microTBS of the saliva-contaminated enamel. Proper isolation should be performed before and during application of the adhesives and during placement of the resin composite.
authors.affiliation: No 1 Hospital aff to Medical College, Zhejiang University, Stomatology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Haihua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Baiping
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hannig
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins; D003666:Decontamination; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004340:Drug Contamination; D008422:Materials Testing; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D012463:Saliva; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides