title: Growth, nonspecific immune characteristics, and survival upon challenge with Vibrio harveyi in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) raised on diets containing algal meal.
abstract: A 70-day growth trial was conducted with postlarvae 12 (PL12) Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to study the suitability of soybean meal and oil originating from a single-celled microorganism (thraustochytrid) as fishmeal and fish oil substitutes in practical diets for L. vannamei. The growth, survival rate and immune characteristics were evaluated. Seven experimental diets were designed with soybean meal used as the primary protein source; each formulation contained 33% crude protein and 8% lipid. Fish oil was completely substituted with 3% soybean oil and meals originating from single-celled heterotrophs rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) were added at different concentrations. A commercial shrimp feed was used as the control diet. The final weights and survival rates of the shrimp were not significantly different among all treatments. However, shrimp raised on diets supplemented with marine algal meals rich in DHA and ARA showed significant improvement in immune parameters, such as total hemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, and bactericidal activity. Additionally, the survival rate after challenge with Vibrio harveyi was increased. These findings demonstrated that substitution of thraustochytrid-derived meals as an alternative to fish-based ingredients in shrimp diets provided similar growth rates while increasing the immune parameters and providing vibriosis resistance.
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture Business Research Center, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thasanee
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nonwachai
authors.forename: Watchariya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Purivirojkul
authors.forename: Chalor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Limsuwan
authors.forename: Niti
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chuchird
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dhar
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D004032:Diet; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000166:cytology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D010587:Phagocytosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014733:Vibrio / Q000502:physiology*