title: Renal impairment in children with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the improvement in life expectancy in cystic fibrosis (CF), co-morbidities such as renal function impairment may be more frequent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of renal disease in children with CF and to identify associated risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-center retrospective study analyzing the genetic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of 112 children. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), microalbuminuria and lithiasic risk factors were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median calculated GFR (Schwartz) was 123, 161 and 155ml/min/1.73m(2) in children aged 1, 6 and 15years, respectively. The cumulative dose of aminoglycosides was not correlated to GFR. Microalbuminuria was present in 22/38 patients. Hyperoxaluria was observed in 58/83 patients and was associated with a severe genotype, pancreas insufficiency and liver disease. Hypercalciuria, hyperuricuria and hypocitraturia were identified in 16/87, 15/83 and 57/76 patients, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal impairment in CF has various presentations. There appears to be low levels of renal impairment in children with CF. However, the risk of oxalocalcic urolithiasis is enhanced, and GFR may be underestimated by the Schwartz formula. Further studies using measured GFR techniques are thus warranted.
authors.affiliation: CHU de Bordeaux, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose pédiatrique, Hôpital Pellegrin Enfants, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andrieux
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harambat
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nacka
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iron
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Llanas
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fayon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006959:Hyperoxaluria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology