title: Access and outcomes among minority transplant patients, 1999-2008, with a focus on determinants of kidney graft survival.
abstract: Coincident with an increasing national interest in equitable health care, a number of studies have described disparities in access to solid organ transplantation for minority patients. In contrast, relatively little is known about differences in posttransplant outcomes between patients of specific racial and ethnic populations. In this paper, we review trends in access to solid organ transplantation and posttransplant outcomes by organ type, race and ethnicity. In addition, we present an analysis of categories of factors that contribute to the racial/ethnic variation seen in kidney transplant outcomes. Disparities in minority access to transplantation among wait-listed candidates are improving, but persist for those awaiting kidney, simultaneous kidney and pancreas and intestine transplantation. In general, graft and patient survival among recipients of solid organ transplants is highest for Asians and Hispanic/Latinos, intermediate for whites and lowest for African Americans. Although much of the difference in outcomes between racial/ethnic groups can be accounted for by adjusting for patient characteristics, important observed differences remain. Age and duration of pretransplant dialysis exposure emerge as the most important determinants of survival in an investigation of the relative impact of center-related versus patient-related variables on kidney graft outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: P-Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Ashby
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Boulware
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kalbfleisch
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Leichtman
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006085:Graft Survival; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044469:Racial Groups; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data