Models of accelerated sarcopenia: critical pieces for solving the puzzle of age-related muscle atrophy.
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, is a significant public health concern that continues to grow in relevance as the population ages. Certain conditions have the strong potential to coincide with sarcopenia to accelerate the progression of muscle atrophy in older adults. Among these conditions are co-morbid diseases common to older individuals such as cancer, kidney disease, diabetes, and peripheral artery disease. Furthermore, behaviors such as poor nutrition and physical inactivity are well-known to contribute to sarcopenia development. However, we argue that these behaviors are not inherent to the development of sarcopenia but rather accelerate its progression. In the present review, we discuss how these factors affect systemic and cellular mechanisms that contribute to skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, we describe gaps in the literature concerning the role of these factors in accelerating sarcopenia progression. Elucidating biochemical pathways related to accelerated muscle atrophy may allow for improved discovery of therapeutic treatments related to sarcopenia.
Buford
Thomas W
TW
Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States. tbuford@aging.ufl.edu
Anton
Stephen D
SD
Judge
Andrew R
AR
Marzetti
Emanuele
E
Wohlgemuth
Stephanie E
SE
Carter
Christy S
CS
Leeuwenburgh
Christiaan
C
Pahor
Marco
M
Manini
Todd M
TM
D000054:Acceleration; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy