title: Antibacterial properties of grapefruit seed extract against Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae.
abstract: Twenty-one samples of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) either from marketed products or provided by an apiculturist were analysed to verify their inhibition activity, in particular against Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, responsible for American foulbrood. The bactericide capacity of GSE has been measured in Bacillus subtilis BGA, Bacillus cereus 11778, Bacillus cereus K250 and Micrococcus luteus 9341a; these bacteria are normally used in the laboratory to study inhibitors. The results showed that not all GSE have the same inhibitory activity and two of those analysed do not inhibit the five bacteria used. Considering that 19 samples inhibited American foulbrood bacillus, the authors conclude that the use of a natural product (such as GSE) to control this important disease of bees, can be used as a substitute for chemotherapeutic products, after appropriate expedients.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Semprini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Langella
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pasini
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Falda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calvarese