title: SEN virus infection in Egyptian patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: prevalence and clinical importance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  SEN virus (SENV) is assumed to be responsible for post-transfusion non-A to -E hepatitis. Phylogenetic analysis of SENV has shown 9 different strains. Two strains, SENV-H and SENV-D, were described as possible candidates for post-transfusion hepatitis. This study examined the prevalence of SENV infection and its clinical importance for patients undergoing hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were obtained from 63 long-term hemodialysis patients, and examined for SENV-H and SENV-D viremia by polymerase chain reaction. Serum samples were also obtained from 20 patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) who were not undergoing hemodialysis and from 20 apparently healthy blood donors to act as controls. For SENV screening, a primer pair was used for the conserved ORF1 region among all SENV genotypes from A to I.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SENV infection was significantly more frequent among hemodialysis patients (33/63; 52.4%) and those with CKD (10/20; 50.0%) than among the control participants (2/20; 10.0%) [p = 0.003]. Twenty three of 33 hemodialysis patients had SENV-H or -D, 61% of whom were positive for SENV-H only, 4% were positive for SENV-D only, and 36% were positive for both SENV-H and SENV-D. SENV infection was not associated with age, sex, amount or duration of hemodialysis, or liver function test results. Elevated alanine aminotransferase was significantly associated with HCV viremia, but not with SENV infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Egyptian hemodialysis patients and those with CKD are at higher risk for SENV transmission. SENV-H is more prevalent than SENV-D.
authors.affiliation: Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, El-Minia, Egypt. samaly183@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Samah Aly
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Loutfy
authors.forename: Mohamed Mahmoud
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hafez
authors.forename: Waleed Ahmed
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Massoud
authors.forename: Nemat Aboul
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Fotuh
authors.forename: Manar Mohamed
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moneer
authors.forename: Hesham Saad
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Zaghloul
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D022783:Torque teno virus; D014766:Viremia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral