title: Biology of Symploce pallens (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).
abstract: Here, we describe the biology of a relatively new pest cockroach species in Southeast Asia, Symploce pallens (Stephens) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). S. pallens collected from Penang Island, Malaysia, were used for the biological parameter studies and were observed for molting and reproduction events. Nymphal development took 118.2 +/- 1.7 d, with a mean of 9.5 +/- 0.1 molts. The oothecal incubation period was 36.1 +/- 0.2 d. Females produced a mean of 16.0 +/- 10.2 oothecae, with mean 17.6 +/- 0.1 nymphs per ootheca. Nymphal survivorship per ootheca was 90.4%, and 90.7% of nymphs achieved adulthood. The sex ratio did not deviate from 1:1. The mean longevity of adult males and females was 309.3 +/- 7.6 and 322.6 +/- 14.8 d, respectively. In general, S. pallens exhibited higher oothecal production and longer nymphal development and longevity compared with the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.).
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Nematology, Ft Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 3205 College Ave., Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
authors.forename: Nurmastini Sufina
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Bujang
authors.forename: Chow-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020048:Blattellidae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009758:Nymph; D012098:Reproduction
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides