Natural single-nucleosome epi-polymorphisms in yeast.
Epigenomes commonly refer to the sequence of presence/absence of specific epigenetic marks along eukaryotic chromatin. Complete histone-borne epigenomes have now been described at single-nucleosome resolution from various organisms, tissues, developmental stages, or diseases, yet their intra-species natural variation has never been investigated. We describe here that the epigenomic sequence of histone H3 acetylation at Lysine 14 (H3K14ac) differs greatly between two unrelated strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using single-nucleosome chromatin immunoprecipitation and mapping, we interrogated 58,694 nucleosomes and found that 5,442 of them differed in their level of H3K14 acetylation, at a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.0001. These Single Nucleosome Epi-Polymorphisms (SNEPs) were enriched at regulatory sites and conserved non-coding DNA sequences. Surprisingly, higher acetylation in one strain did not imply higher expression of the relevant gene. However, SNEPs were enriched in genes of high transcriptional variability and one SNEP was associated with the strength of gene activation upon stimulation. Our observations suggest a high level of inter-individual epigenomic variation in natural populations, with essential questions on the origin of this diversity and its relevance to gene x environment interactions.
Nagarajan
Muniyandi
M
Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Veyrieras
Jean-Baptiste
JB
de Dieuleveult
Maud
M
Bottin
Hélène
H
Fehrmann
Steffen
S
Abraham
Anne-Laure
AL
Croze
Séverine
S
Steinmetz
Lars M
LM
Gidrol
Xavier
X
Yvert
Gaël
G
D000107:Acetylation; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D009707:Nucleosomes