title: Family history of cancer and renal cell cancer risk in Caucasians and African Americans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk and family history of cancer has not been examined with an adequate number of African Americans (AAs).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a population-based case-control study, unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate the association between RCC risk and a family history of cancer among 1217 RCC cases and 1235 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased RCC risk was shown for subjects with at least one first-degree relative with kidney cancer (odds ratio=2.29; 95% confidence interval=1.31-4.00). No differences in risk were observed when analyses were stratified by race. For Caucasians, excess risk was observed among those reporting a sibling with kidney cancer, whereas for AAs, increased risk occurred among subjects reporting either a sibling or parent affected with the disease. A family history of non-renal cancers, and those related to smoking or to the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, revealed no association with RCC risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RCC risk associated with a family history of kidney cancer is similar among Caucasians and AAs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, MSC 7242, Bethesda, MD 20892-7242, USA. karamis@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karami
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Purdue
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ruterbusch
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Munuo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wacholder
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Graubard
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Colt
authors.forename: W-H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult