title: Clinical and prognostic subforms of new daily-persistent headache.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  According to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-2, primary daily headaches unremitting from onset are classified as new daily-persistent headache (NDPH) only if migraine features are absent. When migraine features are present, classification is problematic.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a revised NDPH definition not excluding migraine features (NDPH-R), and applied it to consecutive patients seen at the Montefiore Headache Center. We divided this group into patients meeting ICHD-2 criteria (NDPH-ICHD) and those with too many migraine features for ICHD-2 (NDPH-mf). We compared clinical and demographic features in these groups, identifying 3 prognostic subgroups: persisting, remitting, and relapsing-remitting. Remitting and relapsing-remitting patients were combined into a nonpersisting group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 71 NDPH-R patients, 31 (43.7%) also met NDPH-ICHD-2 criteria. The NDPH-mf and the NDPH-ICHD-2 groups were similar in most clinical features though the NDPH-mf group was younger, included more women, and had a higher frequency of depression. The groups were similar in the prevalence of allodynia, triptan responsiveness, and prognosis. NDPH-R prognostic subforms were also very similar, although the persisting subform was more likely to be of white race, to have anxiety or depression, and to have a younger onset age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-2 criteria exclude the majority of patients with primary headache unremitting from onset. The proposed criteria for revised new daily-persistent headache definition not excluding migraine features (NDPH-R) classify these patients into a relatively homogeneous group based on demographics, clinical features, and prognosis. Both new daily-persistent headache with too many migraine features for ICHD-2 and new daily-persistent headache meeting ICHD-2 criteria include patients in equal proportions that fall into the persisting, remitting, and relapsing-remitting subgroups. Our criteria for NDPH-R should be considered for inclusion in ICHD-3.
authors.affiliation: The Montefiore Headache Center, 1575 Blondell Avenue, Suite 225, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. marobbin@montefiore.org
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Grosberg
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Napchan
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Crystal
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lipton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D020773:Headache Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000145:classification; D018579:Patient Selection; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires