title: Efficacy of enzymatic toothpastes for immobilisation of protective enzymes in the in situ pellicle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Different enzyme-containing toothpastes are available on the market. The aim of the present in situ study was to investigate their efficacy for immobilisation of protective enzymes in the pellicle layer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pellicle formation took place in situ on bovine enamel slabs fixed to individual upper jaw splints carried by 6 subjects. After pellicle formation for 1 min, brushing was performed for 3 min with the commercially available toothpastes Enzycal, biotène and BioXtra, respectively. Before as well as 0, 20 and 40 min after brushing, samples were removed from the splints and tested for lysozyme, peroxidase and glucoseoxidase activity. The assays for the respective enzyme activities were based on fluorogenic substrates. Separate experiments were conducted for the different enzymes and toothpastes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brushing with the toothpastes caused an extensive increase of glucoseoxidase activity in the pellicle, but it was of low tenacity whereas peroxidase activity was enhanced considerably. However, targeted accumulation of lysozyme in the pellicle was not very pronounced. Brushing without toothpaste had no effect on enzyme activities in the acquired pellicle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeted immobilisation of enzymes in the in situ pellicle can be achieved with toothpastes.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Conservative Dentistry, Technical University of Dresden, Germany. christian.hannig@uniklinikum-dresden.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hannig
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spitzmüller
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lux
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altenburger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Ahmad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hannig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002417:Cattle; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044622:Dental Pellicle / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004795:Enzyme Stability / Q000502:physiology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007784:Lactoperoxidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011506:Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013165:Splints; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014099:Toothbrushing; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C460819:BioXtra; C111669:Biotene; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011506:Proteins; D014100:Toothpastes; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D007784:Lactoperoxidase; D009113:Muramidase