title: Anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extracts of the root of Lilium lancifolium on LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lilium lancifolium is commonly used to treat bronchitis, pneumonia, etc. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extracts of the root of Lilium lancifolium (LL extracts) in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of NO, PGE(2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) in the supernatant fraction were determined using sandwich ELISA. Expression of COX-2 and iNOS, phosphorylation of MAPK subgroups (ERK and JNK), and NF-kappaB activation in extracts were detected via Western blot and immunocytochemistry assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LL extract significantly inhibited NO, PGE(2), IL-6 and TNF-alpha production in LPS-stimulated cells, and suppressed iNOS and COX-2 expression. A mechanism-based study showed that phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK and translocation of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit into nuclei were inhibited by the LL extract. Furthermore, interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 production in Con A-induced splenocytes was suppressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extracts from Lilium lancifolium are due to downregulation of iNOS and COX-2 via suppression of NF-kappaB activation and nuclear translocation as well as blocking of ERK and JNK signaling in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells.
authors.affiliation: Immune Modulator Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 685-1 Yangchung-ri, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ok-Kyoung
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Mee-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Yuk
authors.forename: Sei-Ryang
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Young-Won
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Hyeong-Kyu
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung-Seop
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D027762:Lilium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011494:Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D000432:Methanol