title: A multisite randomized trial of a motivational intervention targeting multiple risks in youth living with HIV: initial effects on motivation, self-efficacy, and depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interventions targeting multiple risk behaviors are needed for youth living with HIV (YLH). A randomized clinical trial compared Healthy Choices, a four session motivational intervention targeting two of the three risk behaviors (HIV medication adherence, sexual risk behavior and substance use) to multidisciplinary specialty care alone. This article presents intermediary outcomes available at 3-month follow-up, variables proposed to be precursors to behavior change (motivation, self-efficacy, and depression).
  
  
  METHODS
  YLH (N=186) with at least one of the three problem behaviors were recruited from four sites in the Adolescent Trials Network and one non-Adolescent Trials Network site, and were assessed at baseline and 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 94 youth randomly assigned to the treatment condition, 84% received at least one session, 67% received at least two sessions, 56% received at least three sessions, and 49% completed all four sessions. In intent-to-treat analysis, only depression was significantly improved in the treatment group as compared with controls. However, in per-protocol analysis, youth receiving at least two sessions of the intervention also showed significant improvements in motivational readiness to change as compared with youth in the control condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest the potential benefits of clinic-based motivational interventions for YLH who access these interventions. Delivering interventions in the community using an outreach model may improve access. Analysis of subsequent time points will determine effects on actual behavior change.
authors.affiliation: Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. snaarkin@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naar-King
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kolmodin
authors.forename: D Robert
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D020276:HIV Long-Term Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D020377:Self Efficacy; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult