Virtual reality imaging with real-time ultrasound guidance for facet joint injection: a proof of concept.
Facet interventions continue to be used in pain management. Computed tomographic (CT) images can be registered into a virtual world that includes images generated by an ultrasound (US) probe tracked in real time, permitting guidance of tracked needles. We acquired CT-generated 3-dimensional (3D) images of 2 models and a cadaver. Three-dimensional representations of a US probe and needle were generated. A magnetic system tracked the needle and US probe. Using the US, 3D CT images were registered to the model/cadaver. Images were fused on a single interface. Facet injections were performed in the models and cadaver with radio-opaque markers. A postprocedure CT image determined appropriate placement. The virtual reality system described demonstrates technical innovations that may lead to future advancements in the area of percutaneous interventions in the management of pain.
Clarke
Collin
C
Department of Anesthesia, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. cclarke@uwo.ca
Moore
John
J
Wedlake
Christopher
C
Lee
Donald
D
Ganapathy
Su
S
Salbalbal
Maher
M
Wilson
Timothy
T
Peters
Terry
T
Bainbridge
Daniel
D
D002102:Cadaver; D003196:Computer Graphics; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D009339:Needles; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography; D021801:Zygapophyseal Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*