title: The effect of nasogastric tube application during cardiac surgery on postoperative nausea and vomiting--a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are significant morbidities following cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine if application of a nasogastric (NG) tube during cardiac surgery can reduce the prevalence of postoperative PONV.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a prospective randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred two patients undergoing elective cardiac procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were prospectively enrolled and randomized to either receive or not receive an NG tube after induction of anesthesia. Standard anesthetic technique and postoperative care were employed in all patients. Preoperative demographic data, pain score, nausea score and incidence of vomiting were recorded early (0-8 hours) and late (8-16 hours) following extubation. Antiemetic and analgesic medications were compared between the 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred three patients were randomized to no an NG tube (controls) and 99 received an NG tube as part of their perioperative management. Demographic data and surgical characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. However, the control group had more smokers. Incidence and severity of nausea, pain scores, and analgesic requirements were similar between the 2 groups. Prevalence of vomiting was more frequent in the control group (24%) than in the NG tube group (10%, p = 0.007), and was more frequent in patients who underwent valve and redo procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of an NG tube during cardiac surgery may reduce the incidence of postoperative vomiting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lavi
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katznelson
authors.forename: Davy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minkovich
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karski
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Djaiani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D003422:Critical Care; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D015742:Propofol
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000932:Antiemetics; D015742:Propofol