title: Perceived ethnic-racial socialization, ethnic identity, and social competence among Asian American late adolescents.
abstract: This study extends the research on parental ethnic-racial socialization to Asian American late adolescents (N = 166). The authors specifically examined the factor structure, frequency, and correlates of a perceived ethnic-racial socialization measure. Ethnic identity was also hypothesized to function as a mediator in the relationship between perceived cultural socialization and social competence. The results supported a 3-factor model of perceived ethnic-racial socialization that included cultural socialization-pluralism, promotion of mistrust, and preparation for bias. Exploratory analyses revealed that ethnic-racial socialization messages were reported by large proportions of participants and were related to a number of demographic variables. The authors further found that perceived promotion of mistrust messages were inversely associated with social competence. They also found that perceived cultural socialization-pluralism was significantly related to social competence through ethnic identity. Results support the importance of perceived ethnic-racial socialization for Asian American development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0344, USA. tranx181@umn.edu
authors.forename: Alisia G T T
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001290:Attitude; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D011822:Race Relations; D044469:Racial Groups; D012919:Social Behavior; D012933:Social Identification; D012938:Social Perception; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult