title: Probiotic yeasts: anti-inflammatory potential of various non-pathogenic strains in experimental colitis in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the in vitro immunomodulation capacity of various non-pathogenic yeast strains and to investigate the ability of some of these food grade yeasts to prevent experimental colitis in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro immunomodulation was assessed by measuring cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12p70, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor and interferon gamma] released by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 24 h stimulation with 6 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces ssp.) and with bacterial reference strains. A murine model of acute 2-4-6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-colitis was next used to evaluate the distinct prophylactic protective capacities of three yeast strains compared with the performance of prednisolone treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The six yeast strains all showed similar non-discriminating anti-inflammatory potential when tested on immunocompetent cells in vitro. However, although they exhibited similar colonization patterns in vivo, some yeast strains showed significant anti-inflammatory activities in the TNBS-induced colitis model, whereas others had weaker or no preventive effect at all, as evidenced by colitis markers (body-weight loss, macroscopic and histological scores, myeloperoxidase activities and blood inflammatory markers).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A careful selection of strains is required among the biodiversity of yeasts for specific clinical studies, including applications in inflammatory bowel disease and other therapeutic uses.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur of Lille, Lactic acid Bacteria & Mucosal Immunity, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 1 rue du Pr Calmette, BP 245, F-59019 Lille, France. benoit.foligne@ibl.fr
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Foligné
authors.forename: Joëlle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dewulf
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandekerckove
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pignède
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000276:immunology*; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid