title: [Cytotoxicity of dichloroacetic acid in lymphocyte and expression of chemokine receptor CXCR2 and chemokine receptor CXCR3 mRNA].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effects of trichloroethylene (TCE) and its by-products (trichloroacetic acid, TCA; dichloroacetic acid, DCA) on the normal human peripheral blood lymphocyte and the role of DCA in dermatitis medicamentosa- like induced by trichloroethylene (DMLT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Lymphocyte was isolated from peripheral venous blood, and cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes treated with different concentrations (0.02 approximately 30.00 mmol/L) of DCA was determined at indicated times (2 h and 4 h) based on the MTS assay. Action of DCA on cell viability, membrane integrity was assessed by neutral red uptake (NRU) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release test and measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR) was employed for detection and quantization of the chemokine receptor CXCR2 and chemokine receptor CXCR3 mRNA in peripheral blood lymphocyte treated with different concentrations of DCA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DCA had a more vital effect on peripheral blood lymphocyte than TCE and TCA. A concentration-dependent release of LDH was observed at 4 h after cells were exposed to different doses of DCA (0.88, 1.75, 3.50 and 7.00 mmol/L) (P < 0.05), and DCA also caused an inhibition of SOD activity in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The results of FQ- RT- PCR indicated that CXCR2 and CXCR3 mRNA were all over- expression. At 48 h after the DCA of 0.5 mmol/L and 10.00 mmol/L was used, CXCR2 and CXCR3 mRNA were 10.34, 5.66-fold and 19.43, 8.75-fold of those in the control group (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DCA is of a great cytotoxicity and may be one of crucial evocators on DMLT.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Bo
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Zhi-Qian
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Guo-Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ding-Lan
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Sen-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003999:Dichloroacetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B / Q000378:metabolism*; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000633:toxicity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C515187:CXCR3 protein, human; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B; D014241:Trichloroethylene; D003999:Dichloroacetic Acid