title: Models of accelerated sarcopenia: critical pieces for solving the puzzle of age-related muscle atrophy.
abstract: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, is a significant public health concern that continues to grow in relevance as the population ages. Certain conditions have the strong potential to coincide with sarcopenia to accelerate the progression of muscle atrophy in older adults. Among these conditions are co-morbid diseases common to older individuals such as cancer, kidney disease, diabetes, and peripheral artery disease. Furthermore, behaviors such as poor nutrition and physical inactivity are well-known to contribute to sarcopenia development. However, we argue that these behaviors are not inherent to the development of sarcopenia but rather accelerate its progression. In the present review, we discuss how these factors affect systemic and cellular mechanisms that contribute to skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, we describe gaps in the literature concerning the role of these factors in accelerating sarcopenia progression. Elucidating biochemical pathways related to accelerated muscle atrophy may allow for improved discovery of therapeutic treatments related to sarcopenia.
authors.affiliation: Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States. tbuford@aging.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Buford
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Anton
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Judge
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marzetti
authors.forename: Stephanie E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wohlgemuth
authors.forename: Christy S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Christiaan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leeuwenburgh
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pahor
authors.forename: Todd M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Manini
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy