title: Hemifacial resurfacing with prefabricated induced expanded supraclavicular skin flap.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe facial burn sequelae present a great challenge and maximally test the principles of reconstructive surgery. Three of these basic principles--free tissue transfer, flap prefabrication, and tissue expansion--are combined to achieve superior reconstructive outcomes. This approach evolved into the prefabricated induced expanded flap, which refers to the staged transfer of expanded supraclavicular skin with an antebrachial fascial free flap used as the carrier.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first surgical stage, the radial artery and corresponding vein in antebrachial fascia were transferred to a subcutaneous pocket in the supraclavicular fossa over a large skin expander, with anastomoses to the neck vessels. During the second stage, after adequate expansion lasting 2 to 3 months, the total scarred hemiface was excised, and the prefabricated induced expanded flap was dissected and then transferred as an island to cover the skin defect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients with severe hemifacial burn sequelae and three more with other large hemifacial lesions underwent successful facial resurfacing with the described technique in the last 7 years. Twenty patients were male and nine were female, with a mean age of 23. Mean follow-up was 3.4 years. All of the flaps survived after transfer, and no major complication was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The supraclavicular prefabricated induced expanded flap can provide ample amounts of vascularized, thin, and desirable skin with perfect color match for resurfacing major facial defects. The aesthetic and functional results were encouraging and progressively improved during follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul and Samsun, Turkey From the Departments of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery of Istanbul University Medical School and Ondokuz Mayis University Medical School.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Topalan
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guven
authors.forename: Yener
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Demirtas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002056:Burns / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps