title: Nanoscale engineering of extracellular matrix-mimetic bioadhesive surfaces and implants for tissue engineering.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of tissue engineering is to restore tissue function using biomimetic scaffolds which direct desired cell fates such as attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Cell behavior in vivo is determined by a complex interaction of cells with extracellular biosignals, many of which exist on a nanoscale. Therefore, recent efforts in tissue engineering biomaterial development have focused on incorporating extracellular matrix- (ECM) derived peptides or proteins into biomaterials in order to mimic natural ECM. Concurrent advances in nanotechnology have also made it possible to manipulate protein and peptide presentation on surfaces on a nanoscale level.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review discusses protein and peptide nanopatterning techniques and examples of how nanoscale engineering of bioadhesive materials may enhance outcomes for regenerative medicine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Synergy between ECM-mimetic tissue engineering and nanotechnology fields can be found in three major strategies: (1) Mimicking nanoscale orientation of ECM peptide domains to maintain native bioactivity, (2) Presenting adhesive peptides at unnaturally high densities, and (3) Engineering multivalent ECM-derived peptide constructs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining bioadhesion and nanopatterning technologies to allow nanoscale control of adhesive motifs on the cell-material interface may result in exciting advances in tissue engineering. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Nanotechnologies - Emerging Applications in Biomedicine.
authors.affiliation: Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shekaran
authors.forename: Andres J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D032701:Biomimetics; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D036103:Nanotechnology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials