title: Evaluation of subjective thermal strain in different kitchen working environments using subjective judgment scales.
abstract: To elucidate the subjective thermal strain of workers in kitchen working environments, we performed a cross-sectional study involving 991 workers in 126 kitchen facilities in Japan, using a self-reporting questionnaire survey and subjective judgment scales (SJS). The ambient temperature, mean radiant temperature (MRT), and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index were measured in 10 kitchen facilities of the 126 kitchens. The association of SJS with the types of kitchen was estimated by multiple logistic regression models. Of the 991 kitchen workers, 809 (81%) responded to the questionnaire survey. Compared with the electric kitchens, the proportion of workers who perceived the room temperature as hot to very hot was significantly higher, and the ambient temperature, MRT, and WBGT were significantly higher in the gas kitchens. Compared with the electric kitchens, workers in gas kitchens had a more than fivefold (males) and tenfold (females) higher SJS adjusted for confounding factors (male odds ratio (OR), 5.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.65-15.9; and female OR, 10.9; 95%CI, 3.89-30.5). Although SJS was affected by some confounding factors, our results suggest that workers in gas kitchens might be exposed to a higher heat strains than those in electric kitchens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibumachi, Tochigi, Japan. yasuo-h@dokkyomed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Haruyama
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Hiroe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuzuki
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haratani
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayabe
authors.forename: Shizuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D005260:Female; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D005579:Fossil Fuels