title: Effect of dry- versus wet-autoclaving of spray-dried egg albumen compared with casein as protein sources on apparent nitrogen and energy balance, plasma urea nitrogen and glucose concentrations, and growth performance of neonatal swine.
abstract: Forty crossbred neonatal pigs with an average initial age of 4 d and BW of 2.16 kg were used in a 28-d experiment to evaluate the nutritional effects of autoclaving a commercial sugar-free, spray-dried egg albumen (EA) compared with casein. Basal diet protein sources were lactic acid casein and EA. Two more dietary treatments were made by replacing the EA with dry-autoclaved EA (DAEA) or wet-autoclaved EA (WAEA, EA and water mixed in a 1.0:1.2 ratio before autoclaving). The DAEA and WAEA were autoclaved at 121 degrees C and 1.75 kg/cm(2) pressure for 30 min, and WAEA was oven-dried after autoclaving. Analyzed trypsin inhibitor units/mg of EA, DAEA, and WAEA were 535.0, 9.0, and 6.5, respectively. Pigs were fed the diets in gruel form to appetite in individual metabolism cages every 2 h during the experiment. Blood samples were taken on d 7, 14, and 21, and total urine and fecal grab-samples were collected from d 14 to 21 of the experiment. Response criteria were N and energy balance, plasma urea N (PUN) and glucose concentrations, and growth performance. The WAEA was a higher quality protein source for neonatal pigs than DAEA. Pigs fed the diet containing WAEA absorbed and retained more (P < 0.05) grams of N/d, had higher (P < 0.05) percentages of N and energy that were absorbed and retained/intake, had lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of PUN overall, and had higher (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F than pigs fed the diet containing DAEA. Most response criteria of pigs fed the diets containing DAEA or EA were not different, although pigs fed the diet containing DAEA had lower (P < 0.05) overall PUN concentrations, and pigs fed the diet containing EA had higher (P < 0.05) percentages of energy absorbed and retained/intake, and higher ADG and G:F than pigs fed the diet containing DAEA. Growth performance was not different for pigs fed the diets containing WAEA or casein. However, pigs fed the diet containing casein excreted less (P < 0.05) fecal N, retained more (P < 0/05) grams of N/d, had higher percentages of N absorbed and retained/intake, and had lower (P < 0.05) PUN concentrations overall than pigs fed the diet containing WAEA. In conclusion, WAEA was a higher quality protein source for neonatal pigs than DAEA or EA, whereas lactic casein was a higher quality protein source for neonatal pigs than EA, DAEA, or WAEA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Veum
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000254:growth & development*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010063:Ovum; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002364:Caseins; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D009584:Nitrogen