title: Neighbourhood food store availability in relation to 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion in young Japanese women.
abstract: Previous studies on the relationship of local food environment with residents' diets have relied exclusively on self-reported information on diet, producing inconsistent results. Evaluation of dietary intake using biomarkers may obviate the biases inherent to the use of self-reported dietary information. This cross-sectional study examined the association between neighbourhood food store availability and 24 h urinary Na and K excretion. The subjects were 904 female Japanese dietetic students aged 18-22 years. Neighbourhood food store availability was defined as the number of food stores within a 0.5-mile (0.8-km) radius of residence. Urinary Na and K excretion and the ratio of urinary Na to K were estimated from a single 24 h urine sample. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, neighbourhood availability of confectionery stores/bakeries was inversely associated with urinary K, and was positively associated with the ratio of Na to K (P for trend = 0.008 and 0.03, respectively). Neighbourhood availability of rice stores showed an independent inverse association with urinary K (P for trend = 0.03), whereas neighbourhood availability of supermarkets/grocery stores conversely showed an independent positive association with this variable (P for trend = 0.03). Furthermore, neighbourhood availability of fruit/vegetable stores showed an independent inverse association with the ratio of Na to K (P for trend = 0.049). In a group of young Japanese women, increasing neighbourhood availability of supermarkets/grocery stores and fruit/vegetable stores and decreasing availability of confectionery stores/bakeries and rice stores were associated with favourable profiles of 24 h urinary K (and Na) excretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. kenmrkm@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uenishi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003132:Commerce; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D012275:Oryza; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine*; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine*; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium