title: In vitro transport and partitioning of AL-4940, active metabolite of angiostatic agent anecortave acetate, in ocular tissues of the posterior segment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate partitioning into and transport across posterior segment tissues (sclera, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid) of AL-4940, the active metabolite of angiostatic cortisene anecortave acetate (AL-3789).
  
  
  METHODS
  Transport of [(14)C]-AL-4940 was measured through RPE-choroid-sclera (RCS) and sclera, excised from Dutch Belted pigmented rabbits' eyes, in the directions of scleral to vitreal (S-->V) and vitreal to scleral (V-->S) for 3 h at 37 degrees C using Ussing chambers. Tissue integrity was monitored by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), potential difference (PD), and biochemical assay (LDH). Partitioning in RPE-choroid and sclera was determined separately for both [(14)C]-AL-4940 and [(14)C]-AL-3789. Mathematical analysis for bilaminate membranes used partitioning and transport data to derive diffusion coefficients for 2 tissue layers sclera and RPE-choroid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Partitioning of drug in tissue was comparable for both [(14)C]-AL-4940 and [(14)C]-AL-3789. Partition coefficients of drug in tissue were 2.2 for sclera and about 4 for RPE-choroid. Permeability through sclera alone was about 3 x 10(-5) cm/s and about 1 x 10(-5) cm/s through the RCS tissue, irrespective of the direction of transport (S-->V) or (V-->S). Results from bioelectrical and biochemical evaluation of tissue with modified LDH assay provided evidence that the RCS tissue preparation remained viable during the period of transport study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The thin RPE-choroid layer contributes significantly to resistance to drug transport, and diffusivity in this layer is 10 times less than in sclera. This experimental scheme is proposed as an important component for the development of a general ocular physiologically based pharmacokinetic model.
authors.affiliation: Alcon Research, Ltd., Drug Delivery, R2-45, 6201 South Freeway, Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA. paul.missel@alconlabs.com
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Missel
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chastain
authors.forename: Ashim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: Uday
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kompella
authors.forename: Viral
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kansara
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duvvuri
authors.forename: Aniruddha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amrite
authors.forename: Narayan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cheruvu
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002829:Choroid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011244:Pregnadienediols / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012590:Sclera / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D011244:Pregnadienediols; C108424:Anecortave; D006854:Hydrocortisone; C418047:anecortave acetate