title: Case report: ectopic nipple on the sole of the foot, an unexplained anomaly.
abstract: Supernumerary nipples are common congenital anomalies, most often occurring along the embryonic milk lines. We present a patient with an ectopic nipple on the foot. We are unable to explain the aetiology of this anomaly; however, several theories have been proposed. They are also associated with disorders of the renal and cardiovascular systems as well as pathology that affect normal breast tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu Natal, Durban, South Africa. theogrenb@yahoo.com
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madaree
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002828:Choristoma / Q000196:embryology; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000196:embryology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009558:Nipples / Q000196:embryology