title: Automated isolation of translational efficiency bias that resists the confounding effect of GC(AT)-content.
abstract: Genomic sequencing projects are an abundant source of information for biological studies ranging from the molecular to the ecological in scale; however, much of the information present may yet be hidden from casual analysis. One such information domain, trends in codon usage, can provide a wealth of information about an organism's genes and their expression. Degeneracy in the genetic code allows more than one triplet codon to code for the same amino acid, and usage of these codons is often biased such that one or more of these synonymous codons are preferred. Detection of this bias is an important tool in the analysis of genomic data, particularly as a predictor of gene expressivity. Methods for identifying codon usage bias in genomic data that rely solely on genomic sequence data are susceptible to being confounded by the presence of several factors simultaneously influencing codon selection. Presented here is a new technique for removing the effects of one of the more common confounding factors, GC(AT)-content, and of visualizing the search-space for codon usage bias through the use of a solution landscape. This technique successfully isolates expressivity-related codon usage trends, using only genomic sequence information, where other techniques fail due to the presence of GC(AT)-content confounding influences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. douglas.raiford@umontana.ed
authors.forename: Douglas W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Raiford
authors.forename: Dan E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Krane
authors.forename: Travis E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Doom
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Raymer
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics; D001482:Base Composition / Q000235:genetics*; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003062:Codon