7. Whiplash-associated disorders.
Whiplash-associated disorders are comprised of a range of symptoms of which neck complaints and headaches are the most significant spine related. In the acute and sub-acute stage of the disorder, conservative treatment for minimally 6 months is recommended, active mobilization is slightly better than passive treatment. Thereafter, interventional treatment may be considered. The available evidence for injection of Botulinum toxin A (2 B-) and intra-articular corticosteroid injections (2 C-) supports a negative recommendation. Radiofrequency treatment of the ramus medialis (medial branch) of the ramus dorsalis is recommended (2 B+).
van Suijlekom
Hans
H
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Mekhail
Nagy
N
Patel
Nileshkumar
N
Van Zundert
Jan
J
van Kleef
Maarten
M
Patijn
Jacob
J
D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D021801:Zygapophyseal Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*