title: Regulation of a bovine nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class I gene promoter.
abstract: Studies have shown in humans and other species that the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) region is involved at a number of levels in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to characterize how a bovine nonclassical MHC-I gene (NC1) is regulated. Initial serial deletion experiments of a 2-kb fragment of the NC1 promoter identified regions with positive regulatory elements in the proximal promoter and evidence for a silencer module(s) further upstream that cooperatively contributed to constitutive NC1 expression. The cytokines interferon tau (IFNT), interferon gamma (IFNG), and interleukin 4 (IL4) significantly increased luciferase expression in NC1 promoter reporter constructs and endogenous NC1 mRNA levels in a bovine endometrial cell line. In addition, IFNG, IL3, IL4, and progesterone significantly increased Day 7 bovine blastocyst NC1 mRNA expression when supplemented during in vitro embryo culture. Site-directed mutagenesis analysis identified a STAT6 binding site that conferred IL4 responsiveness in the NC1 proximal promoter. Furthermore, methylation treatment of the proximal promoter, which contains a CpG island, completely abrogated constitutive NC1 expression. Overall, the findings presented here suggest that constitutive NC1 expression is regulated positively by elements in the proximal promoter, which are further controlled by upstream silencer modules. The promoter is responsive to IFNT, IFNG, and IL4, suggesting possible roles for these cytokines in bovine preimplantation embryo survival and/or maternal-fetal tolerance. Our studies also suggest that methylation of the proximal promoter, in particular, could play a significant role in regulating NC1 expression.
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture, Food Science & Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Grace M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: O'Gorman
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Naib
authors.forename: Abdullah Al
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Naib
authors.forename: Shirley A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mamo
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: O'Doherty
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lonergan
authors.forename: Trudee
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fair
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004717:Endometrium / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics*; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D007370:Interferon Type I; D007377:Interleukin-3; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C020947:interferon tau; D015847:Interleukin-4; D011374:Progesterone; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D004247:DNA