title: Tumor vaccines in 2010: need for integration.
abstract: Induction of tumor-specific immunity is an attractive approach to cancer therapy, however to date every major pivotal trial has resulted in failure. While the phenomena of tumor-mediated immune suppression has been known for decades, only recently have specific molecular pathways been elucidated, and for the first time, rationale means of intervening and observing results of intervention have been developed. In this review we describe major advances in our understanding of tumor escape from immunological pressure and provide some possible therapeutic scenarios for enhancement of efficacy in future cancer vaccine trials.
authors.affiliation: Entest BioMedical, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koos
authors.forename: Steven F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Josephs
authors.forename: Doru T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Alexandrescu
authors.forename: Ray Chun-Fai
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Famela
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bogin
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gammill
authors.forename: Constantin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dasanu
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Necochea-Campion
authors.forename: Neil H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Riordan
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carrier
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines