title: Identification of variants of the SPINK1 gene and their association with pancreatitis in Miniature Schnauzers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) gene for variants and to determine their possible association with pancreatitis in Miniature Schnauzers.
  
  
  METHODS
  39 Miniature Schnauzers with pancreatitis, 25 healthy Miniature Schnauzers, and 23 healthy dogs of other breeds.
  
  
  METHODS
  The entire canine SPINK1 gene with its intron-exon boundaries was initially sequenced in 22 Miniature Schnauzers. Then, 2 regions of the gene were sequenced in 65 additional canine DNA samples at the locations of variants identified in the initial sequencing of the entire SPINK1 gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of the SPINK1 gene in Miniature Schnauzers revealed 3 closely associated variants in healthy Miniature Schnauzers and Miniature Schnauzers with pancreatitis. These variants consisted of 2 missense mutations in the second exon (N20K and N25T) and a poly T insertion in the third intron that was near the boundary of exon 3 (IVS3+26-27ins(T)33-39,15_61dup11). Pancreatitis was significantly associated with homozygous alleles for these 3 variants in Miniature Schnauzers. In healthy dogs of other breeds, only the 2 exon variants were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variants of the SPINK1 gene may be associated with the development of pancreatitis in Miniature Schnauzers.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. mbishop@cvm.tamu.edu
authors.forename: Micah A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Panagiotis G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Xenoulis
authors.forename: Melinda D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Levinski
authors.forename: Jan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Suchodolski
authors.forename: Jörg M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D004285:Dogs; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008049:Lipase / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D014359:Trypsin Inhibitor, Kazal Pancreatic
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C486642:SPINK1 protein, human; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D014359:Trypsin Inhibitor, Kazal Pancreatic; D008049:Lipase