The dissection of transcriptional modules regulated by various drugs of abuse in the mouse striatum.
BACKGROUND
Various drugs of abuse activate intracellular pathways in the brain reward system. These pathways regulate the expression of genes that are essential to the development of addiction. To reveal genes common and distinct for different classes of drugs of abuse, we compared the effects of nicotine, ethanol, cocaine, morphine, heroin and methamphetamine on gene expression profiles in the mouse striatum.


RESULTS
We applied whole-genome microarray profiling to evaluate detailed time-courses (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours) of transcriptome alterations following acute drug administration in mice. We identified 42 drug-responsive genes that were segregated into two main transcriptional modules. The first module consisted of activity-dependent transcripts (including Fos and Npas4), which are induced by psychostimulants and opioids. The second group of genes (including Fkbp5 and S3-12), which are controlled, in part, by the release of steroid hormones, was strongly activated by ethanol and opioids. Using pharmacological tools, we were able to inhibit the induction of particular modules of drug-related genomic profiles. We selected a subset of genes for validation by in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR. We also showed that knockdown of the drug-responsive genes Sgk1 and Tsc22d3 resulted in alterations to dendritic spines in mice, possibly reflecting an altered potential for plastic changes.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study identified modules of drug-induced genes that share functional relationships. These genes may play a critical role in the early stages of addiction.
Piechota
Marcin
M
Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, Krakow, 31-343, Poland.
Korostynski
Michal
M
Solecki
Wojciech
W
Gieryk
Agnieszka
A
Slezak
Michal
M
Bilecki
Wiktor
W
Ziolkowska
Barbara
B
Kostrzewa
Elzbieta
E
Cymerman
Iwona
I
Swiech
Lukasz
L
Jaworski
Jacek
J
Przewlocki
Ryszard
R
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001665:Binding Sites; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D033481:Chromosomes, Mammalian / Q000235:genetics; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D049229:Dendritic Spines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks / Q000187:drug effects*; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012201:Reward; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors
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