The NO cascade, eNOS location, and microvascular permeability.
The nitric oxide (NO) cascade and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) are best known for their role in endothelium-mediated relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Activation of eNOS by certain inflammatory stimuli and enhanced NO release have also been shown to promote increased microvascular permeability. However, it is not entirely clear why activation of eNOS by certain vasodilatory agents, like acetylcholine, does not affect microvascular permeability, whereas activation of eNOS by other inflammatory agents that increase permeability, like platelet-activating factor, does not cause vasodilation. In this review, we discuss the evidence demonstrating the role of eNOS in the elevation of microvascular permeability. We also examine the relative importance of eNOS phosphorylation and localization in its function to promote elevated microvascular permeability as well as emerging topics with regard to eNOS and microvascular permeability regulation.
Durán
Walter N
WN
Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101-1709, USA. duran@umdnj.edu
Breslin
Jerome W
JW
Sánchez
Fabiola A
FA
D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism*; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D055806:Microvessels / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D021381:Protein Transport; D015398:Signal Transduction
D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
Circ Res. 1991 May;68(5):1340-8
1708311
Microcirculation. 2007 Jun-Jul;14(4-5):363-73
17613808
Am J Physiol. 1982 Nov;243(5):H803-9
7137372
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004 Jan;286(1):C105-11
13679307
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Aug;28(8):1527-33
18497307
J Biol Chem. 1992 Aug 5;267(22):15274-6
1379225
J Physiol. 2006 Jul 1;574(Pt 1):275-81
16675496
Am J Physiol. 1994 Mar;266(3 Pt 2):H1214-20
8160825
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008 Mar;294(3):H1188-96
18178724
Biochemistry. 1996 Oct 15;35(41):13277-81
8873592
J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 23;275(25):19416-21
10787410
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1997 Apr;9(2):161-7
9069266
Nature. 1999 Jun 10;399(6736):601-5
10376603
Microvasc Res. 2001 Nov;62(3):252-62
11678628
J Biol Chem. 2009 Aug 21;284(34):22961-9
19473988
Circ Res. 1992 Feb;70(2):382-91
1310449
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 May;26(5):1015-21
16514082
Circ Res. 2002 May 3;90(8):904-10
11988492
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 26;103(52):19777-82
17170139
Microvasc Res. 1995 Sep;50(2):223-34
8538502
J Lipid Mediat. 1990;2 Suppl:S215-27
2133284
Am J Physiol. 1999 Feb;276(2):H535-42
9950855
J Biol Chem. 2005 May 20;280(20):19888-94
15774480
J Biol Chem. 1997 Oct 10;272(41):25437-40
9325253
J Physiol. 2001 Jun 1;533(Pt 2):433-45
11389203
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Oct;287(4):H1590-8
15155260
J Cell Physiol. 1992 Oct;153(1):62-75
1522136
J Biol Chem. 2006 Jan 20;281(3):1477-88
16257964
J Physiol. 2002 Nov 1;544(3):883-96
12411531
J Cell Physiol. 1995 Jun;163(3):510-22
7775594
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jul 15;89(14):6348-52
1378626
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Dec 1;88(23):10480-4
1720542
Am J Physiol. 1997 Nov;273(5):H2442-51
9374783
Microcirculation. 2000 Dec;7(6 Pt 1):395-403
11142336
Blood. 2005 Mar 1;105(5):1950-5
15374886
Inflammation. 1992 Aug;16(4):295-305
1526662
J Biol Chem. 2005 Mar 25;280(12):11513-9
15649897
Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2007;37(1-2):19-35
17641392
Am J Hypertens. 2001 Jun;14(6 Pt 2):44S-54S
11411765
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2010 Jan;298(1):H112-8
19855060
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 16;96(6):2788-93
10077589
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 24;104(30):12312-7
17636120
FEBS Lett. 2005 Sep 12;579(22):4966-72
16115630
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 21;106(16):6849-53
19342481
Shock. 2000 May;13(5):397-403
10807016
Am J Physiol. 1996 Oct;271(4 Pt 2):H1702-5
8897966
Circ Res. 2003 Oct 31;93(9):813-20
14512444
J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 7;278(45):44719-26
12952971
Arch Surg. 1993 Nov;128(11):1260-7
8239989
Am J Physiol. 1993 May;264(5 Pt 2):H1734-9
7684577
Nature. 1980 Nov 27;288(5789):373-6
6253831
J Cell Sci. 2004 May 15;117(Pt 12):2427-9
15159447
Blood. 2005 Dec 1;106(12):3691-8
16105973
J Cell Biol. 1997 Jun 30;137(7):1525-35
9199168
J Biol Chem. 2002 Feb 8;277(6):4277-84
11729179
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jul 1;90(13):6252-6
7687064
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008 Nov;39(5):551-9
18474672
Hypertension. 1995 Mar;25(3):415-20
7533140
Am J Physiol. 1992 Aug;263(2 Pt 2):H641-6
1510161
Microvasc Res. 2002 Mar;63(2):172-8
11866540
Circ Res. 1993 Jul;73(1):164-71
7685251
Cardiovasc Res. 2010 Jul 15;87(2):340-7
20080986
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jun 25;93(13):6448-53
8692835
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 1999 Nov-Dec;35(10):558-9
10614862
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006;46:235-76
16402905
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2004 Jul;287(1):L153-67
15003926
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Sep;291(3):H1058-64
16679407
Eur J Pharmacol. 1990 Dec 4;191(3):481-4
1707819
Am J Physiol. 1998 Jun;274(6):H1865-74
9841514
Circ Res. 2001 Jun 8;88(11):E68-75
11397791
Circ Res. 2008 Sep 12;103(6):606-14
18669924
Microvasc Res. 2000 Jan;59(1):7-13
10625566
Nature. 1999 Jun 10;399(6736):597-601
10376602
J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 28;280(43):35943-52
16123043
Am J Physiol. 1992 Feb;262(2 Pt 2):H611-5
1539722
Circ Res. 1988 Apr;62(4):732-40
2450695
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Feb 27;98(5):2604-9
11226286
J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 6;274(32):22524-31
10428829
Circ Res. 2006 Oct 13;99(8):870-7
16973909
J Cell Biol. 2003 Feb 17;160(4):487-93
12578910
Biochemistry. 2004 Mar 23;43(11):3039-48
15023055
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008 Oct;295(4):H1642-8
18708444