title: Altered microstructure integrity of the amygdala in schizophrenia: a bimodal MRI and DWI study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The amygdala plays a central role in the fronto-limbic network involved in the processing of emotions. Structural and functional abnormalities of the amygdala have recently been found in schizophrenia, although there are still contradictory results about its reduced or preserved volumes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to address these contradictory findings and to further elucidate the possibly underlying pathophysiological process of the amygdala, we employed structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), exploring amygdalar volume and microstructural changes in 69 patients with schizophrenia and 72 matched healthy subjects, relating these indices to psychopathological measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measuring water diffusivity, the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) for the right amygdala were found to be significantly greater in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls, with a trend for abnormally reduced volumes. Also, significant correlations between mood symptoms and amygdalar volumes were found in schizophrenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We therefore provide evidence that schizophrenia is associated with disrupted tissue organization of the right amygdala, despite partially preserved size, which may ultimately lead to abnormal emotional processing in schizophrenia. This result confirms the major role of the amygdala in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and is discussed with respect to amygdalar structural and functional abnormalities found in patients suffering from this illness.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tomasino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bellani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perlini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rambaldelli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cerini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isola
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balestrieri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calì
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Versace
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pozzi Mucelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tansella
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brambilla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D009929:Organ Size; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*