title: Cytotoxicity of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and response of rat pulp to MTA and BMP-2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and the response of rat pulp tissue to MTA and BMP-2.
  
  
  METHODS
  For cytotoxicity studies, 1 g MTA was mixed with or without 1 microg of BMP-2 and allowed to set for 1, 24, 48, or 72 hours before addition of samples to 2-mL aliquots of culture medium. The viability of MG-63 cells was determined using the dimethyl-thiazol-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. For animal studies, upper first molars from 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were used, the molars were exposed, and 1 g MTA cement was placed in the first molars. In left molars, 1 microg BMP-2 was additionally placed on exposed pulps with MTA. After 2 weeks and 7 weeks, rats were killed and histologic sections assessed by light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In MTT assay, the viability was higher in the MTA with BMP-2 group than in the MTA-only group up to 24 hours, but was not significantly different thereafter. In animal study, inflammation was higher in the MTA-only group than in the MTA with BMP group, although this difference did not attain statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of BMP-2 had a beneficial effect in vitro, reducing the initial cytotoxicity of freshly mixed MTA. However, the pulp reaction to a combination of MTA and BMP-2 was not significantly better than use of MTA alone.
authors.affiliation: Division of Conservative Dentistry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunjung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Wonkyung
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kyungtae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Miri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000502:physiology*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000633:toxicity*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D003785:Dental Pulp Capping / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003810:Dentinogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla; D008963:Molar; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D012516:Osteosarcoma; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D017640:Silicates / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate