title: A case study of new assessment and training of unilateral spatial neglect in stroke patients: effect of visual image transformation and visual stimulation by using a Head Mounted Display system (HMD).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is most damaging to an older stroke patient who also has a lower performance in their activities of daily living or those elderly who are still working. The purpose of this study was to understand more accurately pathology of USN using a new HMD system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two stroke patients (Subject A and B) participated in this study after gaining their informed consent and they all had Left USN as determined by clinical tests. Assessments of USN were performed by using the common clinical test (the line cancellation test) and six special tests by using HMD system in the object-centered coordinates (OC) condition and the egocentric coordinates (EC) condition. OC condition focused the test sheet only by a CCD. EC condition was that CCD can always follow the subject's movement. Moreover, the study focused on the effect of the reduced image condition of real image and the arrows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Patient A who performed the common test and special tests of OC and EC conditions, the results showed that for the line cancellation test under the common condition, both of the percentage of the correct answers at the right and left sides in the test sheet was 100 percent. However, in the OC condition, the percentage of the correct answers at the left side in the test sheet was 44 percent and the right side was 94 percent. In the EC condition, the left side was 61 percent and the right side was 67 percent. In Patient B, according to the result of the use of reduced image condition and the arrows condition by HMD system, these line cancellation scores more increased than the score of the common test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that the assessment of USN using an HMD system may clarify the left neglect area which cannot be easily observed in the clinical evaluation for USN. HMD may be able to produce an artificially versatile environment as compared to the common clinical evaluation and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan. tanaka@human.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ifukube
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izumi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006257:Head; D019416:Head Movements; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013028:Space Perception; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014796:Visual Perception
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