title: Comparison of perioperative outcomes after combined thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy and open Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy (TLE) has gained popularity in specialized centers. This study compares the perioperative outcomes of TLE and Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy (ILE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four consecutive TLEs were compared with 46 historical ILEs. Outcomes included surgical time and blood loss, hospital length of stay, 30-day mortality rate, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TLE took longer to perform (543 vs 437 min; P < .01) than ILE, but produced less blood loss (407 vs 780 mL; P < .01). The median length of stay and 30-day mortality did not differ between groups. Cardiovascular (41% for TLE vs 30% for ILE; P = .19) and pulmonary complications (31% TLE vs 30% ILE; P = 1.0) occurred frequently in both groups, but TLE patients had fewer wound complications (4% TLE vs 17% ILE; P = .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite longer surgical times, TLE produced decreased intraoperative blood loss and wound complications. These findings suggest that with further technical refinement TLE may ameliorate the morbidity seen with ILE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, M/C L223A, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Thai H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Kyle A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schipper
authors.forename: Mithran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sukumar
authors.forename: Brett C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015996:Survival Rate; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome