title: Serine 34 phosphorylation of rho guanine dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDIalpha) links signaling from conventional protein kinase C to RhoGTPase in cell adhesion.
abstract: Conventional protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are essential serine/threonine kinases regulating many signaling networks. At cell adhesion sites, PKCalpha can impact the actin cytoskeleton through its influence on RhoGTPases, but the intermediate steps are not well known. One important regulator of RhoGTPase function is the multifunctional guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor RhoGDIalpha that sequesters several related RhoGTPases in an inactive form, but it may also target them through interactions with actin-associated proteins. Here, it is demonstrated that conventional PKC phosphorylates RhoGDIalpha on serine 34, resulting in a specific decrease in affinity for RhoA but not Rac1 or Cdc42. The mechanism of RhoGDIalpha phosphorylation is distinct, requiring the kinase and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, consistent with recent evidence that the inositide can activate, localize, and orient PKCalpha in membranes. Phosphospecific antibodies reveal endogenous phosphorylation in several cell types that is sensitive to adhesion events triggered, for example, by hepatocyte growth factor. Phosphorylation is also sensitive to PKC inhibition. Together with fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy sensing GTP-RhoA levels, the data reveal a common pathway in cell adhesion linking two essential mediators, conventional PKC and RhoA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Athanassios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dovas
authors.forename: Youngsil
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Hinke A B
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Multhaupt
authors.forename: Seung-Hae
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Dongmin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Eok-Soo
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Couchman
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D020730:Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism*; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D062947:rho-Specific Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020730:Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors; D062947:rho-Specific Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors; D012694:Serine; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
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