title: Early bone apposition and 1-year performance of the electrodeposited calcium phosphate coatings: an experimental study in rabbit femora.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the early bone apposition and 1-year performance of the electrodeposited calcium phosphate coatings with or without chitosan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two cylindrical implants with a length of 8 mm and a diameter of 3.3 mm were divided into three groups: electrodeposited calcium phosphate coated without chitosan, with chitosan, and an uncoated control. The implants adopted the special gap design and were inserted into the rabbit femora. After 2, 4, 26, and 52 weeks, the implants were retrieved and analyzed for bone formation, bone-to-implant contact, and coating degradation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that the coatings without chitosan had the highest bone contact at early time (P<0.05). The coatings with chitosan had the least bone formation within gaps after 2, 4, and 26 weeks of implantation (P<0.05). However, no difference was found among the three groups after 52 weeks. Both coatings showed degradation as early as 2 weeks post-implantation. And after 52 weeks, most of the coatings had been degraded. There were no inflammatory reactions and hardly any osteoclasts around the implants and the coatings. The confocal laser scanning microscopy observation further demonstrated the different bone deposition characteristics. With scanning electron microscopy, no coatings could be found on both the implant surface and the bone interface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone apposition to both electrodeposited calcium phosphate coatings was different at early time but almost the same after 52 weeks. And both coatings showed early as well as a continued degradation in the rabbit femora. To cite this article: Wang J, Sun C, Wang Y, Wang Y. Early bone apposition and 1-year performance of the electrodeposited calcium phosphate coatings: an experimental study in rabbit femora. Clin.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. wangjwei@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jiawei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yuchen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yining
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004595:Electroplating; D005270:Femur Head / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D023421:Models, Animal; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C083098:calcein green; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D048271:Chitosan; C020243:calcium phosphate; D014025:Titanium