title: Characteristics, management, and in-hospital outcomes of diabetic acute coronary syndrome patients in Oman.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine clinical characteristics, management, and in-hospital outcomes of diabetic and non-diabetic patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Oman.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analyzed from 1583 consecutive patients admitted to various hospitals in Oman with ACS from May 8 to June 6, 2006, and from January 29 to June 29, 2007, as part of the Gulf RACE (Registry of Acute Coronary Events). The ACS patients were stratified into those with and without diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 588 (37%) patients were diabetic with a mean age of 59 years and included more female than male diabetics (43% versus 33%; p<0.001). Diabetic patients were more likely to present with unstable angina (55% versus 44%; p<0.001) and less likely to present with ST elevation myocardial infarction (20% versus 27%; p=0.001). Both groups received ACS treatment equally; however, diabetic patients were more likely to be treated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or receptor blockers. Diabetic patients experienced more recurrent ischemia (12% versus 8%; p=0.043), heart failure (29% versus 23%; p=0.009), cardiogenic shock (7.5% versus 4.6%; p=0.018), and ventilator requirement (7.3% versus 4.1%; p=0.006). When adjusted for age and gender, diabetes status was an independent risk factor of in-hospital mortality in ACS patients (adjusted odd ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.022.77; p=0.042).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetic ACS patients have different clinical characteristics and poorer outcomes. Present treatment strategies are not sufficient to counter the adverse impact of diabetes. More effective and evidence-based therapeutic strategies should be identified and used in diabetic ACS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Royal Hospital, PO Box 1331, Muscat 111, Sultanate of Oman. prashanthp_69@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Prashanth
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panduranga
authors.forename: Kadhim J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: Ibrahim S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Al-Zakwani
authors.forename: Jawad A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Al-Lawati
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009850:Oman / Q000453:epidemiology; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex