title: Exercise intensity, inflammatory signaling, and insulin resistance in obese rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of intensity of exercise on insulin resistance and the expression of inflammatory proteins in the skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese (DIO) rats after a single bout of exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first exercise protocol, the rats swam for two 3-h bouts, separated by a 45-min rest period (with 6 h in duration--O + EXE), and in the second protocol, the rats were exercised with 45 min of swimming at 70% of the maximal lactate steady state--SS (DIO + MLSS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data demonstrated that both protocols of exercise increased insulin sensitivity and increased insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 and serine phosphorylation of protein kinase B in the muscle of DIO rats by the same magnitude. In parallel, both exercise protocols also reduced protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B activity and insulin receptor substrate 1 serine phosphorylation, with concomitant reduction in c-jun N-terminal kinase and IJB kinase activities in the muscle of DIO rats in a similar fashion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, our data demonstrate that either exercise protocols with low intensity and high volume or exercise with moderate intensity and low volume represents different strategies to restore insulin sensitivity with the same efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adelino S R
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pauli
authors.forename: Eduardo R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Ropelle
authors.forename: Alexandre G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Dennys E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Cintra
authors.forename: Claudio T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.forename: Lício A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Velloso
authors.forename: José B C
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Carvalheira
authors.forename: Mario J A
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Saad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000276:immunology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology