title: A subset of cytokinin two-component signaling system plays a role in cold temperature stress response in Arabidopsis.
abstract: A multistep two-component signaling system is established as a key element of cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis. Here, we provide evidence for a function of the two-component signaling system in cold stress response in Arabidopsis. Cold significantly induced the expression of a subset of A-type ARR genes and of GUS in Pro(ARR7):GUS transgenic Arabidopsis. AHK2 and AHK3 were found to be primarily involved in mediating cold to express A-type ARRs despite cytokinin deficiency. Cold neither significantly induced AHK2 and AHK3 expression nor altered the cytokinin contents of wild type within the 4 h during which the A-type ARR genes exhibited peak expression in response to cold, indicating that cold might induce ARR expression via the AHK2 and AHK3 proteins without alterations in cytokinin levels. The ahk2 ahk3 and ahk3 ahk4 mutants exhibited enhanced freezing tolerance compared with wild type. These ahk double mutants acclimated as efficiently to cold as did wild type. The overexpression of the cold-inducible ARR7 in Arabidopsis resulted in a hypersensitivity response to freezing temperatures under cold-acclimated conditions. The expression of C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element target genes was not affected by ARR7 overexpression as well as in ahk double mutants. By contrast, the arr7 mutants showed increased freezing tolerance. The ahk2 ahk3 and arr7 mutants showed hypersensitive response to abscisic acid (ABA) for germination, whereas ARR7 overexpression lines exhibited insensitive response to ABA. These results suggest that AHK2 and AHK3 and the cold-inducible A-type ARRs play a negative regulatory role in cold stress signaling via inhibition of ABA response, occurring independently of the cold acclimation pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Nan Young
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sunmi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Na Young
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Novák
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.forename: Chuloh
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Dong Ju
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strnad
authors.forename: Jungmook
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005615:Freezing; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D009154:Mutation; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003583:Cytokinins; D003907:Dexamethasone
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