title: Temperature-dependent regulation of mycolic acid cyclopropanation in saprophytic mycobacteria: role of the Mycobacterium smegmatis 1351 gene (MSMEG_1351) in CIS-cyclopropanation of alpha-mycolates.
abstract: The cell envelope is a crucial determinant of virulence and drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Several features of pathogenesis and immunomodulation of host responses are attributable to the structural diversity in cell wall lipids, particularly in the mycolic acids. Structural modification of the alpha-mycolic acid by introduction of cyclopropane rings as catalyzed by the methyltransferase, PcaA, is essential for a lethal, persistent infection and the cording phenotype in M. tuberculosis. Here, we demonstrate the presence of cyclopropanated cell wall mycolates in the nonpathogenic strain Mycobacterium smegmatis and identify MSMEG_1351 as a gene encoding a PcaA homologue. Interestingly, alpha-mycolic acid cyclopropanation was inducible in cultures grown at 25 degrees C. The growth temperature modulation of the cyclopropanating activity was determined by high resolution magic angle spinning NMR analyses on whole cells. In parallel, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that MSMEG_1351 gene expression is up-regulated at 25 degrees C compared with 37 degrees C. An MSMEG_1351 knock-out strain of M. smegmatis, generated by recombineering, exhibited a deficiency in cyclopropanation of alpha-mycolates. The functional equivalence of PcaA and MSMEG_1351 was established by cross-complementation in the MSMEG_1351 knock-out mutant and also in a DeltapcaA strain of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Overexpression of MSMEG_1351 restored the wild-type mycolic acid profile and the cording phenotype in BCG. Although the biological significance of mycolic acid cyclopropanation in nonpathogenic mycobacteria remains unclear, it likely represents a mechanism of adaptation of cell wall structure and composition to cope with environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Université de Montpellier II et I, CNRS, UMR 5235, Case 107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Laeticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alibaud
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alahari
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Trivelli
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ojha
authors.forename: Graham F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Hatfull
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guerardel
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kremer
mesh_terms: D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000378:metabolism; D020102:Mycobacterium smegmatis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009171:Mycolic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013696:Temperature; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D003521:Cyclopropanes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D009171:Mycolic Acids; C030797:cyclopropane; D008780:Methyltransferases; C019964:cyclopropane synthetase
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