title: NFAT and AP1 are essential for the expression of a glioblastoma multiforme related IL-13Ra2 transcript.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  IL-13Ra2 is overexpressed by gliomas but not by normal tissue. However, the molecular basis for IL-13Ra2 overexpression in gliomas is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study we have investigated the regulatory mechanisms that are responsible for the expression of IL-13Ra2 with mutation analysis, quantitative RT-PCR, Flow cytometry analysis, transcription factor binding assay and Elisa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results reveal a complex mechanism for regulating IL-13Ra2 expression that involves at least 2 promoters and 4 transcripts of human IL-13Ra2. Transcription factors NFAT and AP1 are necessary and essential for the expression of this GBM related transcript, and are responsible for the high level of expression of IL-13Ra2 in GBM. Most interestingly, we found that expression of this transcript results in the production of a secreted form of IL-13Ra2 and thus may have the potential to be used as a diagnostic biomarker for GBM patients and other cancer patients that express the soluble form of this receptor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to characterize the role of NFAT and AP1 in the regulation of IL-13Ra2 expression, and provides insight into understanding the high levels of IL-13Ra2 expressed by GBM cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, P. R. China. wuanhua@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Anhua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Katya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ericson
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Low
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D053663:Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha2 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D020014:K562 Cells; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D050436:Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional / Q000235:genetics; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053663:Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha2 Subunit; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1