Carbon-covered magnetic nanomaterials and their application for the thermolysis of cancer cells.
Three types of graphitic shelled-magnetic core (Fe, Fe/Co, and Co) nanoparticles (named as C-Fe, C-Fe/Co, and C-Co NPs) were synthesized by radio frequency-catalytic chemical vapor deposition (RF-cCVD). X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the cores inside the carbon shells of these NPs were preserved in their metallic states. Fluorescence microscopy images indicated effective penetrations of the NPs through the cellular membranes of cultured cancer HeLa cells, both inside the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Low RF radiation of 350 kHz induced localized heating of the magnetic NPs, which triggered cell death. Apoptosis inducement was found to be dependent on the RF irradiation time and NP concentration. It was showed that the Fe-C NPs had a much higher ability of killing the cancer cells (over 99%) compared with the other types of NPs (C-Co or C-Fe/Co), even at a very low concentration of 0.83 microg/mL. The localized heating of NPs inside the cancer cells comes from the hysteresis heating and resistive heating through eddy currents generated under the RF radiation. The RF thermal ablation properties of the magnetic NPs were correlated with the analysis provided by a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID).
Xu
Yang
Y
Nanotechnology Center and Applied Science Department, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA. yxxu@ualr.edu; asbiris@ualr.edu
Mahmood
Meena
M
Fejleh
Ashley
A
Li
Zhongrui
Z
Watanabe
Fumiya
F
Trigwell
Steve
S
Little
Reginald B
RB
Kunets
Vasyl P
VP
Dervishi
Enkeleda
E
Biris
Alexandru R
AR
Salamo
Gregory J
GJ
Biris
Alexandru S
AS
D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D008280:Magnetics; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D002244:Carbon
NMR Biomed. 2004 Nov;17(7):484-99
15526347
Med Phys. 1987 Nov-Dec;14(6):922-31
3696080
Int J Nanomedicine. 2007;2(4):541-50
18203422
Nat Mater. 2006 Dec;5(12):971-6
17115025
Chem Commun (Camb). 2004 Nov 7;(21):2442-3
15514806
Nat Mater. 2005 Oct;4(10):725-6
16195762
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2004 Aug 20;43(33):4303-6
15368378
ACS Nano. 2007 Oct;1(3):228-33
19206653
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2007;46(8):1222-44
17278160
FEBS Lett. 2005 Aug 29;579(21):4829-36
16107253
Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):964-7
17095696
Nanotechnology. 2008 Oct 29;19(43):435102
21832683
Chem Commun (Camb). 2003 Apr 21;(8):927-34
12744306
Nano Lett. 2008 Nov;8(11):3761-5
18942880