title: Surgical and minimally invasive cosmetic procedures among persons with body dysmorphic disorder.
abstract: Persons with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) frequently seek surgical and minimally invasive (MI) treatments to improve their appearance, but few studies have evaluated patient characteristics and outcomes. Surgical/MI treatment histories of 200 persons with BDD were cross-sectionally/retrospectively evaluated. Clinical and demographic characteristics of persons who received such treatments (n = 42) were compared to those who had not (n = 158). Outcomes and reasons for nonreceipt of requested procedures were examined. Receivers of surgical/MI treatments reported less severe current BDD symptoms and delusionality than persons who did not receive such treatments. Surgical/MI treatments were more likely than other cosmetic procedures to decrease preoccupation with the treated body part; however, overall BDD severity improved with only 2.3% of treatments. Cost and physician refusal were the most common reasons requested treatment was not received. However, physicians were more likely to provide requested surgical/MI treatment than other types of requested cosmetic treatment, despite the poor longer-term outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Canice E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Crerand
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Menard
authors.forename: Katharine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D057215:Body Dysmorphic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D001828:Body Image; D003094:Collagen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003702:Delusions / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D011594:Psychometrics; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998 May;101(6):1644-9
references.pmid: 9583501
references.citation: Clin Plast Surg. 1999 Jan;26(1):37-40, vi
references.pmid: 10063447
references.citation: Dermatol Surg. 2001 May;27(5):457-62
references.pmid: 11359494
references.citation: Psychopharmacol Bull. 1985;21(4):714-1124
references.pmid: 3911249
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2006 Sep 30;144(1):73-8
references.pmid: 16914206
references.citation: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2000 Sep;6(6):673-81
references.pmid: 11011514
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2009 May 15;172(2):161-7
references.pmid: 19328661
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004 Apr 1;113(4):1229-37
references.pmid: 15083026
references.citation: Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1998 Jun;52(3):283-7
references.pmid: 9681579
references.citation: Eur Psychiatry. 2003 Nov;18(7):365-8
references.pmid: 14643566
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006 Dec;118(7):167e-180e
references.pmid: 17102719
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Dec;64(12):1417-25
references.pmid: 18056550
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg Transplant Bull. 1960 Oct;26:356-72
references.pmid: 13718613
references.citation: Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Oct;39(10):460-3
references.pmid: 11680671
references.citation: Body Image. 2008 Mar;5(1):3-12
references.pmid: 18314401
references.citation: Psychosomatics. 2005 Nov-Dec;46(6):549-55
references.pmid: 16288134
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Jul;163(7):1280-2
references.pmid: 16816236
references.citation: Psychopharmacol Bull. 1997;33(1):17-22
references.pmid: 9133747
references.citation: Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2001 Nov-Dec;25(6):474-8
references.pmid: 11731858
references.citation: Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2006 Jan 14;150(2):97-100
references.pmid: 16440565
references.citation: Aesthet Surg J. 2002 Nov;22(6):531-5
references.pmid: 19332010
references.citation: Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1987 Jul;113(7):724-7
references.pmid: 3580151
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Jan;155(1):102-8
references.pmid: 9433346
references.citation: Dermatol Clin. 1996 Jul;14(3):457-63
references.pmid: 8818555
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992 Aug;49(8):624-9
references.pmid: 1637252
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1996 Aug;169(2):196-201
references.pmid: 8871796
references.citation: Body Image. 2008 Mar;5(1):13-27
references.pmid: 18325859
references.citation: Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2004 Jun;38(6):439-44
references.pmid: 15209836
references.citation: Psychosomatics. 2001 Nov-Dec;42(6):504-10
references.pmid: 11815686
references.citation: Eur Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;22(8):520-4
references.pmid: 17900876
references.citation: J Nerv Ment Dis. 2005 Aug;193(8):564-7
references.pmid: 16082302
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999 Jul;104(1):220-1
references.pmid: 10597700
references.citation: J Anxiety Disord. 2008;22(3):540-7
references.pmid: 17624717
references.citation: Psychosomatics. 2005 Jul-Aug;46(4):317-25
references.pmid: 16000674