title: Induction of cell-mediated immune responses to peptide antigens of P. vivax in microparticles using intranasal immunization.
abstract: T-cells play a critical role in resistance to malaria, not only because they function as helper cells for an antibody response, but also because they serve as effector cells. Such cellular immunity is directly implicated in protection from sporozoites as well as from blood stage parasites. The aim of this study was to induce cell mediated immune responses to peptide antigens of Plasmodium vivax co-encapsulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) in microparticles. In the present study, we have investigated the immunomodulatory effects of two CpG adjuvants, CpG 1826 and CpG 2006 to the five peptide antigens of Plasmodium vivax derived from circumsporozoite protein, merozoite surface protein-1, apical membrane antigen-1 and gametocyte surface antigen (Pvs24) in microparticle delivery. The T-cell proliferation response study of the cells collected from spleen, lamina propria and peyer's patches showed significantly high (p<0.001) stimulation index when primed with peptide antigens in microparticles co-encapsulating CpG ODN adjuvant as compared to peptide alone primed mice. The cytokine measurement profile of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in culture supernatants of cells primed with peptide antigens in microparticles co-encapsulating CpG ODN showed higher levels of IFN- gamma followed by TNF-alpha and IL-2, with relatively low levels of IL-4 and IL-10.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
authors.forename: Ajaz A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Ratnesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.forename: Sudhir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Riyasat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Teena
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: Sukla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008863:Microspheres; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000276:immunology; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010455:Peptides