title: Family caregiving for patients with heart failure: types of care provided and gender differences.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knowledge about the potential burden for family caregivers related to the care of patients with heart failure (HF) is limited. The aims of the study were to compare the kind and amount of care provided by partners of HF patients and partners of healthy individuals and to examine the associations between gender and the performance of caregiving tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caregiving tasks performed by 338 partners of HF patients were compared with those performed by 1202 partners of healthy individuals. Partners (age 70 +/- 9, 76% female) of HF patients were more likely to provide personal care compared with partners (age 65 +/- 7, 66% female) of healthy individuals after controlling for their age. However, the magnitude of the odds ratios (OR) differed by gender of partners (OR for male 6.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.9-11.4; OR for female 3.7; 95% CI 2.7-5.1). Partners of HF patients were more likely to provide emotional care than partners of healthy individuals, controlling for age and gender (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.5-3.6). Male partners of HF patients were more likely to provide personal care compared to female partners of HF patients (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1-3.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The care performed by partners of HF patients is above and beyond normal spousal assistance. The study underscores the crucial role of family caregivers in the care of HF patients and encourages health care providers to address the needs of both HF patients and their caregivers.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Boyoung
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Marie Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Luttik
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dracup
authors.forename: Tiny
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jaarsma
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001290:Attitude; D017028:Caregivers; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004644:Emotions; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006333:Heart Failure; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D005791:Patient Care / Q000379:methods*; D012737:Sex Factors; D018454:Spouses; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis