title: Factors affecting gestation length and estrus cycle characteristics in Spanish donkey breeds reared in southern Spain.
abstract: This paper investigated gestation length and estrus cycle characteristics in three different Spanish donkey breeds (Andalusian, Zamorano-Leones, and Catalonian) kept on farm conditions in southern Spain, using data for ten consecutive breeding seasons. Gestation length was measured in 58 pregnancies. Ovarian ultrasonography was used to detect the ovulation, in order to ascertain true gestation length (ovulation-parturition). Pregnancy was diagnosed approximately 14-18 d after ovulation and confirmed on approximately day 60. Average gestation length was 362 +/-15.3 (SD) d, and no significant differences were observed between the three different breeds. Breeding season had a significant effect (P < 0.01), with longer gestation lengths when jennies were covered during the early period. Breed, age of jenny, year of birth, foal gender, month of breeding, and type of gestation had no significant effect on gestation length. After parturition, foal-heat was detected in 53.8% of the postpartum cycles studied (n = 78), and ovulation occurred on day 13.2 +/- 2.7. The duration of foal-heat was 4.7 +/-1.7 d, with a pregnancy rate of 40.5%. When subsequent estrus cycles were analyzed, the interovulatory interval (n = 68) and estrus duration (n = 258) were extended to a mean 23.8 +/- 3.5 and 5.7 +/- 2.2 d, respectively. Both variables were influenced by the year of study (P < 0.03 and P < 0.001), whereas month and season of ovulation (P < 0.005 and P < 0.009, respectively) affected only interovulatory intervals. Estrus duration was significantly longer than that observed at the foal-heat (P < 0.006), and the pregnancy rate was 65.8%. This study provides reference values for true gestation length and estrus cycle characteristics in Spanish jennies. Breeding season affected gestation length in farm conditions. Also, seasonal influence was observed on the length of the estrus cycle (i.e., interovulatory interval), although foal-heat was not affected by environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Centro Militar de Cría Caballar de Ecija, Cría Caballar de las F.A.S., 41400 Ecija (Seville), Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galisteo
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Perez-Marin
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D018397:Equidae / Q000502:physiology*; D004971:Estrus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values; D012621:Seasons; D013030:Spain; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000662:veterinary