title: Listening and speaking ability of Thai deaf children in preschool aural rehabilitation program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An auditory-oral approach can help deaf children achieve success in oral communication. Many studies confirm that deaf children with access to sound through high-powered and appropriate hearing aids at the youngest age possible have the capability to acquire communication skills similar to their hearingpeers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the listening and speaking progress made by 27 Thai hearing-impaired children who attended a preschool aural rehabilitation program, which was established at Audiology and Speech clinic. After hearing aids fitting, deaf children were enrolled to the preschool aural rehabilitation program after receiving their parents consent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hearing impaired children were divided into groups of 4-6 children with approximately the same level of performance. The listening and speaking performance at the initial period were recorded. Each group participated in the 3-hour-program once a week, included auditory training, conversation (maternal reflexive method), and speech stimulation. The improvements and problems of each child were recorded at the end of session. Listening and speaking performance evaluation were recorded at six months intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 12 boys and 15 girls. The average hearing loss in the better ear was 104 dBHL, range from 83-117 dBHL, SD = 8.33. The mean age of enrollment was 2 years and 10 months. The majority gradually developed listening skills and speaking ability. There was no relationship between age of enrollment and the listening and speaking ability (p > 0.05). However, listening skills had positive relationship with length of speech (r = 0.685), number of spoken vocabulary (r = 0.665), and speech character (r = 0.598); p < 0.01.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Auditory training is an important task to develop listening skills and improve length of speech, speaking vocabulary, and speech character Other benefits from the aural rehabilitation program included monitoring the auditory progression after hearing aid fitting, parents meeting, and promotion a better quality of life by enabling hearing impaired children to participate in hearing society.
authors.affiliation: Department ofOtolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. krisna44@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Krisna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lertsukprasert
authors.forename: Nittaya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kasemkosin
authors.forename: Wichit
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheewareungroj
authors.forename: Lalida
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kasemsuwan
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D001307:Auditory Perception; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D012048:Correction of Hearing Impairment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D060345:Education of Persons with Hearing Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006310:Hearing Aids; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013785:Thailand