Adaptation in a mouse colony monoassociated with Escherichia coli K-12 for more than 1,000 days.
Although mice associated with a single bacterial species have been used to provide a simple model for analysis of host-bacteria relationships, bacteria have been shown to display adaptability when grown in a variety of novel environments. In this study, changes associated with the host-bacterium relationship in mice monoassociated with Escherichia coli K-12 over a period of 1,031 days were evaluated. After 80 days, phenotypic diversification of E. coli was observed, with the colonizing bacteria having a broader distribution of growth rates in the laboratory than the parent E. coli. After 1,031 days, which included three generations of mice and an estimated 20,000 generations of E. coli, the initially homogeneous bacteria colonizing the mice had evolved to have widely different growth rates on agar, a potential decrease in tendency for spontaneous lysis in vivo, and an increased tendency for spontaneous lysis in vitro. Importantly, mice at the end of the experiment were colonized at an average density of bacteria that was more than 3-fold greater than mice colonized on day 80. Evaluation of selected isolates on day 1,031 revealed unique restriction endonuclease patterns and differences between isolates in expression of more than 10% of the proteins identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis, suggesting complex changes underlying the evolution of diversity during the experiment. These results suggest that monoassociated mice might be used as a tool for characterizing niches occupied by the intestinal flora and potentially as a method of targeting the evolution of bacteria for applications in biotechnology.
Lee
Sean M
SM
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Wyse
Aaron
A
Lesher
Aaron
A
Everett
Mary Lou
ML
Lou
Linda
L
Holzknecht
Zoie E
ZE
Whitesides
John F
JF
Spears
Patricia A
PA
Bowles
Dawn E
DE
Lin
Shu S
SS
Tonkonogy
Susan L
SL
Orndorff
Paul E
PE
Bollinger
R Randal
RR
Parker
William
W
D000818:Animals; D048168:Escherichia coli K12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D051379:Mice; D015183:Restriction Mapping
Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2008 Feb;12(1):109-14
18280814
Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):824-9
19212400
Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1022-3
19229028
PLoS Genet. 2008 Jan;4(1):e2
18193944
DNA Res. 2009 Feb;16(1):1-12
19147530
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1999 May;6(3):434-6
10225851
J Evol Biol. 2005 Nov;18(6):1376-86
16313450
Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):514-7
16825532
Bacteriol Rev. 1971 Dec;35(4):390-429
4945725
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009 Mar 1;234(5):606-13
19250038
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Feb 4;100(3):1072-7
12538876
Science. 2008 Jun 20;320(5883):1647-51
18497261
J Appl Bacteriol. 1992 Aug;73(2):163-7
1328132
Microbes Infect. 2000 Sep;2(11):1343-51
11018451
Mol Microbiol. 1992 Mar;6(6):697-701
1349417
Am Nat. 2000 Jan;155(1):24-35
10657174
Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62
9278503
Nature. 1998 Jul 2;394(6688):69-72
9665128
Eur J Clin Microbiol. 1982 Jun;1(3):186-92
6756909
Science. 2001 Mar 30;291(5513):2606-8
11283373
Genetics. 1999 Sep;153(1):5-12
10471695
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2009 Oct;234(10):1174-85
19596821
Infect Immun. 2004 Apr;72(4):1929-38
15039312
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2006 Spring;3(1):59-67
16602980
Nutr Clin Pract. 2009 Apr-May;24(2):227-41
19321897
J Infect Dis. 1986 Mar;153(3):547-51
3512730