title: STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 as a novel therapeutic agent for renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) regulates the expression of genes that mediate cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis and is aberrantly activated in various types of malignancies, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We examined whether it could be a novel therapeutic target for RCC by using the STAT3 inhibitor WP1066.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antitumour activities and related mechanisms of WP1066 were investigated in vitro on renal cancer cell lines and in vivo on murine xenografts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Caki-1 and 786-O renal cancer cells, 5 muM WP1066 prevented the phosphorylation of STAT3, and 2.5 muM WP1066 significantly (P<0.01) inhibited cell survival and proliferation. WP1066 suppressed the expression of Bcl-2, induced apoptosis, and inhibited the basal and hypoxia-induced expression of HIF1alpha and HIF2alpha, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor secretion into cell culture medium. Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells cocultured with media from WP1066-treated cells showed significantly reduced tubulogenesis (P<0.05). Systemic oral administration of WP1066 to mice for 19 days significantly inhibited the growth of Caki-1 xenograft tumours (P<0.05), and pathological analysis of xenografts of WP1066-treated mice showed decreased immunostaining of phosphorylated STAT3 and reduced length of CD34-positive vessels (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that using WP1066 to inhibit the STAT3 signalling pathway could be a novel therapeutic strategy against RCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa-City, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Asakuma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sumitomo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D020032:Tyrphostins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D011725:Pyridines; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D020032:Tyrphostins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; C519885:WP1066
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