title: Effect of sex on outcome after recurrent stroke in African Americans: results from the African American Antiplatelet Stroke Prevention Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sex-related disparities in stroke have been previously reported. However, the influence of sex on the outcome of recurrent stroke in African Americans is less clear. Our objective was to investigate the effect of sex on the outcome of recurrent nonfatal stroke in the African American Antiplatelet Stroke Prevention Study (AAASPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The AAASPS is a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of recurrent stroke prevention in African Americans. Participants (967 women and 842 men) with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke were assigned to receive ticlopidine or aspirin and were followed up for up to 2 years. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, modified Barthel score (mBS), and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score were determined at enrollment, at prespecified times thereafter, and at the time of recurrent stroke. Survival analysis was used to test for a significant difference in the time to recurrent stroke between women and men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total 1809 subjects enrolled in AAASPS, 186 (89 women and 97 men) experienced recurrent nonfatal stroke. At enrollment, the NIHSS score (2.87 for women and 3.00 for men; P=.73), the mBS (18.26 for women and 18.52 for men; P=.47) and the GOS score (1.49 for women and 1.51 for men; P=.86) were not significantly different. In follow-up and at the time of stroke recurrence, the NIHSS score, mBS, and GOS score were similar for both groups, except for the mBS at the 6-month visit, which was lower in women (18.49) than in men (19.37) (P=.02). In the survival analysis, no significant difference in the time to recurrent stroke was found between women and men (P=.69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although sex-related stroke disparities have been reported, in the AAASPS cohort outcomes for recurrent nonfatal noncardioembolic ischemic stroke for women were not significantly different than for men. Differences in study populations and methodologies may explain discrepancies in results from the various studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Section of Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurological Critical Care, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. testai@uic.edu
authors.forename: Fernando D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Testai
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cursio
authors.forename: Philip B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Gorelick
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012008:Recurrence; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin
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