title: Weight loss, glycemic control, and changes in cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving incretin therapies or insulin in a large cohort database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes can improve glycemic control, lower blood pressure, and improve dyslipidemia. Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonists are associated with weight loss and have potentially beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk biomarkers; however, there is limited information to indicate whether these effects remain outside of clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records from the General Electric Centricity research database were analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the relationship between weight loss and glycemic control and changes in blood pressure and lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating therapy with exenatide, sitagliptin, or insulin. Baseline and follow-up (90-365 days after the index date) for weight, A1C, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure, triglycerides, and LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 6,280, 5,861, and 32,398 patients receiving exenatide, sitagliptin, or insulin, respectively, were included in the analysis. Exenatide-treated patients lost a mean +/- SD of 3.0 +/- 7.33 kg, sitagliptin-treated patients lost 1.1 +/- 5.39 kg, and insulin-treated patients gained 0.6 +/- 9.49 kg. There was a significant association between weight loss and a reduction in A1C and FBG with exenatide only and a reduction in blood pressure for all therapies. Weight loss was associated with some improvements in lipids, primarily in the GLP-1 receptor agonist group, with little association in the insulin group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight reduction with GLP-1 receptor agonists was associated with a shift toward a more favorable cardiovascular risk profile. Outcome trials are needed to determine whether improvement in biomarkers translates into a reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. edward.horton@joslin.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Edward S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silberman
authors.forename: Keith L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Rachele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berria
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077270:Exenatide; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014688:Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D011719:Pyrazines; D014230:Triazoles; D014688:Venoms; D000077270:Exenatide; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate
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