title: Propagation of tears in pericardium from young bulls: influence of the suture.
abstract: The tearing of the collagen fibers of biological materials utilized in implants or bioprostheses is an important, and sometimes early cause of the failure of these devices. We studied the force necessary to propagate a tear in a biomaterial, pericardium from young bulls, and the influence of the suture. An Elmendorf pendulum capable of measuring the force necessary to tear a given length of tissue was employed. We analyzed 112 trials (70%) that proved valid after achieving the homogeneity of the samples according to their thickness, thus making the results comparable. Mean forces ranging between 19.87 and 150 N were required to propagate tears measuring from 0.25 to 2.0 cm. In the samples with a 1-cm-long suture, sewn using an edge-to-edge technique, the propagation of the tear required a mean force of 15.75 N when the suture was made of nylon and 28.73 N when Prolene was utilized. When these results were compared with the mean recorded in an unsutured control series (56.76 N), the loss of resistance was significant in both sutured series (P = 0.000 and P = 0.011, respectively). Finally, the equation that relates the force (y) with the length of the tear made in unsutured tissue (x) was also obtained: y = 58.14 + 9.62x(2) (R(2) = 0.924). The force necessary to produce a microtear, thus estimated, can be utilized as a parameter for comparison.
authors.affiliation: Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Telemedicina, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. jmgpaez@telefonica.net
authors.forename: José María García
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Páez
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jorge-Herrero
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Claramunt
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Millán
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cordón
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ros
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002417:Cattle; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008954:Models, Biological; D009757:Nylons; D010496:Pericardium / Q000637:transplantation*; D011126:Polypropylenes; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012421:Rupture; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013537:Sutures
chemical_list: D009757:Nylons; D011126:Polypropylenes