title: Secreted Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3654c and Rv3655c proteins participate in the suppression of macrophage apoptosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhibition of macrophage apoptosis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been proposed as one of the virulence mechanisms whereby the pathogen avoids the host defense. The mechanisms by which M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain suppress apoptosis and escapes human macrophage killing was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The screening of a transposon mutant bank identified several mutants, which, in contrast to the wild-type bacterium, had impaired ability to inhibit apoptosis of macrophages. Among the identified genes, Rv3659c (31G12 mutant) belongs to an operon reminiscent of type IV pili. The Rv3654c and Rv3655c putative proteins in a seven-gene operon are secreted into the macrophage cytoplasm and suppress apoptosis by blocking the extrinsic pathway. The operon is highly expressed when the bacterium is within macrophages, compared to the expression level in the extracellular environment. Rv3654c recognizes the polypyrimidine tract binding Protein-associated Splicing Factor (PSF) and cleaves it, diminishing the availability of caspase-8. While M. tuberculosis inhibits apoptosis by the extrinsic pathway, the pathogen does not appear to affect the intrinsic pathway. Inactivation of the intrinsic pathway by pharmacologic agents afftects M. tuberculosis and induces cell necrosis. Likewise, inactivation of PSF by siRNA significantly decreased the level of caspase-8 in macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While M. tuberculosis inhibits the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, it appears to activate the intrinsic pathway leading to macrophage necrosis as a potential exit strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Danelishvili
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Jeannie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Selker
authors.forename: Luiz E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bermudez
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009336:Necrosis; D010641:Phenotype; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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