Effect of Swedish snuff (snus) on preterm birth.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of Swedish snuff and cigarette smoking on risks of preterm birth.


METHODS
Population-based cohort study.


METHODS
Sweden.


METHODS
All live, singleton births in Sweden 1999-2006.


METHODS
Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate relative risks for preterm birth in snuff users (n = 7607), light smokers (1-9 cigarettes/day; n = 41 436) and heavy smokers (ten or more cigarettes/day; n = 16 951) using non-tobacco users (n = 503 957) as reference.


METHODS
Very (<32 weeks) and moderately (32-36 weeks) preterm birth.


RESULTS
Compared with non-tobacco users, snuff users had increased risks of both very (adjusted OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.04-1.83) and moderately (adjusted OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.12-1.40) preterm birth. Compared with non-tobacco users, light smokers had increased risks of both very (adjusted OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.42-1.81) and moderately (adjusted OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.12-1.24) preterm birth, and heavy smokers had even higher risks. Among smokers, but not among snuff users, the risk was more pronounced for spontaneous than induced preterm birth.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of Swedish snuff was associated with increased risks of very and moderately preterm birth with both spontaneous and induced onsets. Swedish snuff is not a safe alternative to cigarette smoking during pregnancy.
Wikström
A-K
AK
Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. anna-karin.wikstrom@kbh.uu.se
Cnattingius
S
S
Galanti
M R
MR
Kieler
H
H
Stephansson
O
O
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult