title: Correlation of hypoxic signalling to histological grade and outcome in cartilage tumours.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of central chondrosarcoma are so far poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify genes involved in the progression of these tumours by comparison of gene expression and correlation of expression profiles to histological grade and clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Array-based gene expression profiling of 19 chondrosarcoma samples was performed. Beside differences in the expression of cartilage matrix molecules, high-grade chondrosarcoma showed enhanced expression of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 and of the hypoxia-inducible molecule galectin 1. Immunohistochemical analysis of galectin 1 and of further hypoxia-associated proteins was performed on 68 central and peripheral tumour samples. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) activation was significantly elevated in high-grade central chondrosarcoma. A negative correlation of carbonic anhydrase IX expression to metastasis-free survival was independent of histological grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression patterns identified in this study point towards a substantial role for angiogenic and hypoxic signalling in chondrosarcoma progression. The constitutive activation of the transcription factor HIF-1alpha in high-grade chondrosarcoma could play a central role in the regulation of cell metabolism and vascularization in these tumours and may, for this reason, represent a potential target for chondrosarcoma therapy.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boeuf
authors.forename: Judith V M G
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Bovée
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lehner
authors.forename: Pancras C W
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hogendoorn
authors.forename: Wiltrud
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology*; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D037161:Galectins / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D037161:Galectins; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C089226:CA9 protein, human; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases