title: Are gonadotrophins tumorigenic--a critical review of clinical and experimental data.
abstract: The growth of many gonadal and extragonadal tumors is stimulated by gonadal sex hormones. Because gonadal hormone production is regulated by pituitary gonadotrophins, the latter hormones can be considered as indirect tumor promoters. In addition, there is a growing body of evidence that both gonadal (e.g. ovarian cancer) and extragonadal (e.g. breast, uterus, prostate and adrenal) tumors express gonadotrophin receptors, indicating the possibility of a direct tumorigenic role for FSH and LH. The purpose of this brief review is to present a critical evaluation of the current information, both clinical and experimental, about the direct involvement of gonadotrophins in the induction and growth of gonadal and extragonadal tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, IRDB Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK. ilpo.huhtaniemi@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ilpo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Huhtaniemi
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D006062:Gonadotropins; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone