title: Effects of ambient air pollution on lung function growth in Chinese schoolchildren.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the adverse effect of exposure to air pollution on lung function growth in school-aged children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 1983 children from three districts in Guangzhou, China was followed-up for 6 months. The children performed pulmonary function tests twice, and their parents reported the child's respiratory symptoms by self-administered questionnaires in both surveys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The annual mean concentrations of air pollutants for the past 5 years for particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM(10)), nitrogen (NO(2)), and sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) were respectively: 96.1 microg/m(3), 76.0 microg/m(3), and 65.7 microg/m(3) in the highly-polluted district (HPD), 80.3 microg/m(3), 67.6 mug/m(3), and 54.5 microg/m(3) in the moderately-polluted district (MPD), and 80.0 microg/m(3), 48.1 microg/m(3), and 52.2 microg/m(3) in the least-polluted district (LPD). After adjustment for potential confounders, significant deficits were found in the annual growth rates of forced expiratory flows at 25% (FEF(25)), and between 25% and 75% (FEF(25-75)) in boys and FEF(25) in girls (In boys, for FEF(25), -0.136 l/s, p = 0.008 in MPD and -0.153 l/s, p = 0.004 in HPD, respectively; for FEF(25-75), -0.176 l/s, p = 0.013 in MPD and -0.167 l/s, p = 0.021 in HPD, respectively. In girls, for FEF(25), -0.123 l/s, p = 0.043 in HPD), using LPD as the reference. Deficits in the annual growth rate of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) were also negatively associated with air pollution in boys (-0.063 L, p = 0.032 in HPD).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study adds more evidence that exposure to air pollution has adverse effects on lung function growth in schoolchildren.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
authors.forename: Qi-Qiang
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Tze Wai
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Zhuo-Qin
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Wei-Jia
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jia-Gang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Andromeda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Tak-Sun Ignatius
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D052638:Particulate Matter; D015995:Prevalence; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014109:Total Lung Capacity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide