Microcystis toxigenic strains in urban lakes: a case of study in Mexico City.
Microcystis is a bloom-forming, common cyanobacterium in urban lakes of Mexico City. To assess the presence of potentially cyanotoxin-producing Microcystis, molecular techniques were applied and acute toxicity bioassays were performed with Daphnia magna neonates exposed to cyanobacterial crude extracts. Toxigenic potential of isolated strains was inferred by amplifying the mcyA-Cd genes and their identity as Microcystis was confirmed through the 16S rDNA and phycocyanin operon amplification. Microcystins synthesized under culture conditions were quantified through ELISA. The acute toxicity bioassays revealed that mortality was independent from the cyanotoxin concentration in some strains; this suggests the presence of other metabolites (different from microcystins) that also exerted an important biological effect. Isolated strains had the mcyA-Cd gene and most of them produced variable amounts of microcystins in the culture conditions used, confirming their toxigenic potential. Results warn about possible toxic effect risks for aquatic biota, neighboring areas, visitors and users of these sites, due to the constant presence of these blooms in the studied water bodies.
Arzate-Cárdenas
Mario Alberto
MA
Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio esq, Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Mexico, DF 11340, Mexico.
Olvera-Ramírez
Roxana
R
Martínez-Jerónimo
Fernando
F
D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D008800:Mexico; D046931:Microcystis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
D001427:Bacterial Toxins
Aquat Toxicol. 2006 May 10;77(3):314-21
16455146
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2004 Oct;59(2):151-63
15327870
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2001 Sep;50(1):4-8
11534946
J Appl Bacteriol. 1992 Jun;72(6):445-59
1644701
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2006 Jun;64(2):163-70
15993489
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2008 Feb 1;862(1-2):43-50
18093885
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Mar 15;203(3):201-18
15737675
Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 15;28(2):e6
10606674
Anal Chim Acta. 2007 Nov 5;603(1):111-8
17950065
Aquat Toxicol. 2007 Mar 10;81(3):312-8
17280727
Toxicon. 2007 May;49(6):769-79
17292433
Microb Ecol. 2006 Feb;51(2):154-65
16435169
Toxicon. 2007 Sep 15;50(4):585-8
17509636
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2007 Jul;67(3):411-6
17055052
Arch Microbiol. 2003 Dec;180(6):402-10
14551674
Water Res. 2002 Apr;36(8):2133-9
12092588
J Bacteriol. 2003 May;185(9):2774-85
12700256
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 May;72(5):3252-8
16672464
Ecotoxicology. 2009 Jan;18(1):81-6
18758949
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1999 Mar 1;172(1):15-21
10079523
Methods Enzymol. 1988;167:3-27
3148836
Aquat Toxicol. 2006 Dec 30;80(4):346-54
17092578
J Microbiol Methods. 2005 Oct;63(1):45-54
15936101
Toxicon. 2000 Feb;38(2):303-8
10665811
Life Sci. 2004 Sep 24;75(19):2353-62
15350832
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Mar 15;203(3):192-200
15737674
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007 Jan;73(5):1136-42
17001477
Environ Toxicol. 2001;16(6):535-42
11769252
Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2003 Jun;4(3):207-16
12769719
J Appl Microbiol. 2008 Aug;105(2):407-15
18355235
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Jun;67(6):2810-8
11375198
J Appl Microbiol. 2005;99(4):749-57
16162225
Peptides. 2006 Sep;27(9):2090-103
16678305