title: Safety of remote magnetic navigation in patients with pacemakers and implanted cardioverter defibrillators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Remote magnetic catheter navigation (MNS) has been shown to be feasible and safe for radiofrequency catheter ablation of various cardiac arrhythmias. However, its safety in patients with implanted pacemakers or cardioverter-defibrillators has not yet been studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective case series study intends to assess the acute and short-term safety of remote MNS in patients with implanted pacemakers or cardioverter-defibrillators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2008 and June 2009, a total of 31 patients with implanted pacemakers (n = 5) or cardioverter-defibrillators (n = 26) underwent 32 catheter ablation procedures using the remote MNS. Baseline pacing thresholds, sensed amplitudes, pacing and, if available, shock impedances as well as battery status were measured in all devices before, immediately after, and 1-3 months after catheter ablation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After ablation, no statistically significant difference in atrial sensing (2.7 ± 1.5 mV vs 3.1 ± 1.9 mV, P = 0.18) and impedance (457 ± 104 Ω vs 449 ± 101 Ω, P = 0.37) were observed. After ablation, no statistically significant difference in right ventricular sensing (10.4 ± 3.8 mV vs 10.9 ± 4.9 mV, P = 0.43) and impedance (535 ± 118 Ω vs 534 ± 120 Ω, P = 0.913) were observed. No changes in pacing threshold could be observed in all but 2 patients with biventricular cardioverter-defibrillators who underwent ventricular tachycardia ablation in lateral wall of left ventricle near the implanted epicardial electrode.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ablation procedures using remote MNS can be performed safely in patients with implanted devices with no significant effects on device system integrity. Long endocardial ablation close to the insertion site of the implanted epicardial left ventricular leads can affect the pacing and/or sensing characteristics of these electrodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eitel
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hindricks
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wetzel
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bollmann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaspar
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piorkowski
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arya
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004868:Equipment Failure; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000295:instrumentation