title: Combining Src inhibitors and aromatase inhibitors: a novel strategy for overcoming endocrine resistance and bone loss.
abstract: Aromatase inhibitors have largely replaced tamoxifen as the first-line treatment for postmenopausal women with metastatic, hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. However, many patients develop clinical resistance with prolonged treatment, and oestrogen deprivation following aromatase inhibition can result in loss of bone mineral density. Furthermore, most patients with metastatic breast cancer develop bone metastases, and the resulting adverse skeletal-related events are a significant cause of patient morbidity. Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is a component of signalling pathways that regulate breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis as well as osteoclast-mediated bone turnover. Preclinical evidence also suggests a role for Src in acquired endocrine resistance. As such, Src inhibition represents a logical strategy for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In vitro, combination therapy with Src inhibitors and endocrine agents, including aromatase inhibitors, has been shown to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of both endocrine-responsive and endocrine-resistant breast cancer cell lines more effectively than either of the therapy alone. Src inhibition has also been shown to suppress osteoclast formation and activity. Combination therapy with aromatase inhibitors and Src inhibitors therefore represents a novel approach through which the development of both acquired resistance and bone pathology could be delayed. Data from clinical trials utilising such combinations will reveal if this strategy has the potential to improve patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff, UK. hiscoxSE1@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiscox
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barrett-Lee
authors.forename: Annabel C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Borley
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002450:Cell Communication; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D019061:src-Family Kinases