Human bone marrow stem cell-encapsulating calcium phosphate scaffolds for bone repair.
Due to its injectability and excellent osteoconductivity, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is highly promising for orthopedic applications. However, a literature search revealed no report on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) encapsulation in CPC for bone tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to encapsulate hBMSCs in alginate hydrogel beads and then incorporate them into CPC, CPC-chitosan and CPC-chitosan-fiber scaffolds. Chitosan and degradable fibers were used to mechanically reinforce the scaffolds. After 21 days, that the percentage of live cells and the cell density of hBMSCs inside CPC-based constructs matched those in alginate without CPC, indicating that the CPC setting reaction did not harm the hBMSCs. Alkaline phosphate activity increased by 8-fold after 14 days. Mineral staining, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed that apatitic mineral was deposited by the cells. The amount of hBMSC-synthesized mineral in CPC-chitosan-fiber matched that in CPC without chitosan and fibers. Hence, adding chitosan and fibers, which reinforced the CPC, did not compromise hBMSC osteodifferentiation and mineral synthesis. In conclusion, hBMSCs were encapsulated in CPC and CPC-chitosan-fiber scaffolds for the first time. The encapsulated cells remained viable, osteodifferentiated and synthesized bone minerals. These self-setting, hBMSC-encapsulating CPC-based constructs may be promising for bone tissue engineering applications.
Weir
Michael D
MD
Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, 21201, USA.
Xu
Hockin H K
HH
D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D004339:Drug Compounding; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020100:Hydrogels; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan
J Biomed Mater Res. 2002;63(1):1-9
11787022
Acta Biomater. 2010 Jan;6(1):218-28
19563923
Eur J Pharm Sci. 2003 Jan;18(1):23-30
12554069
Biomaterials. 2004 Mar;25(6):1029-37
14615168
J Cell Biochem. 1997 Feb;64(2):278-94
9027588
Biomaterials. 2007 Feb;28(6):1071-83
17123602
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 Feb;90 Suppl 1:36-42
18292355
Biomaterials. 2006 Nov;27(32):5480-9
16857254
J Orthop Res. 2004 May;22(3):535-43
15099632
Biomaterials. 2005 May;26(13):1553-63
15522757
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2010 Apr;93(1):93-105
20091907
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2008 Apr;85(1):218-27
17688280
J Dent Hyg. 2009 Fall;83(4):173-4
19909633
J Biomed Mater Res. 2001 Dec 5;57(3):457-66
11523041
Clin Plast Surg. 1992 Jan;19(1):41-58
1537227
J Biomed Mater Res. 2002 Jul;61(1):47-52
12001245
Tissue Eng. 2004 Sep-Oct;10(9-10):1480-91
15588407
Biomacromolecules. 2004 Sep-Oct;5(5):1720-7
15360280
Macromol Biosci. 2004 Aug 9;4(8):743-65
15468269
J Biomed Mater Res. 1998 Winter;43(4):428-32
9855201
J Biomech. 1985;18(5):317-28
4008502
J Dent Res. 2009 Aug;88(8):681-92
19734453
Biotechnol Prog. 2006 Nov-Dec;22(6):1697-701
17137320
Acta Biomater. 2008 Nov;4(6):1904-15
18571999
J Control Release. 2006 Jun 28;113(2):102-10
16740332
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007 Aug;65(8):1640-7
17656295
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998 May;85(5):512-6
9619665
Nat Mater. 2008 Oct;7(10):816-23
18724374
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2006 Jun 1;77(3):487-96
16482548
Ann Periodontol. 1996 Nov;1(1):621-66
9118274
J Dent Res. 2008 Jul;87(7):650-4
18573985
Tissue Eng. 2007 Mar;13(3):493-500
17362133
Clin Mater. 1993;14(1):65-88
10171998
Tissue Eng Part A. 2009 Jul;15(7):1695-707
19119921
Biol Pharm Bull. 1996 Nov;19(11):1518-20
8951178
Tissue Eng Part A. 2009 Feb;15(2):243-54
19193129
Acta Biomater. 2009 Sep;5(7):2752-62
19357005
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2004 Mar 15;68(4):773-82
14986332
Transplantation. 1996 Oct 15;62(7):888-93
8878379
Dent Mater J. 1995 Jun;14(1):45-57
8940545
Acta Biomater. 2008 Sep;4(5):1465-71
18445539
Biomaterials. 2009 May;30(14):2675-82
19187958
J Mater Sci Mater Med. 1999 Mar;10(3):135-45
15348161
Biomaterials. 2002 Jan;23(1):193-202
11763861
Acta Biomater. 2010 Mar;6(3):876-85
19835998
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2005 Dec 15;75(4):966-75
16123976