title: Awareness, treatment, and control of vascular risk factors among stroke survivors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stroke survivors should recognize and control vascular risk factors to prevent recurrent strokes. We therefore assessed the prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among stroke survivors versus stroke-free control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted cross-sectional analysis from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study cohort, which includes oversampling from the Stroke Belt and African Americans. Patients were interviewed by telephone then visited for blood pressure, glucose, and lipid measurements. There were 2830 participants reporting a past stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) (stroke survivors) and 24,886 participants without past stroke or TIA (control subjects). Outcome measures included the recognition, treatment, and control of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stroke survivors were more likely to have unrecognized hypertension (18.7% v 13.5%, P < .0003), unrecognized stage 2 hypertension (4.4% v 2.2%, P < .0006), and unrecognized diabetes (4.2% v 3.2%, P < .026) versus control subjects. Stroke survivors were more likely to be treated for hypertension (92.4% v 89.0%, P < .0001), diabetes (88.3% v 81.4%, P < .0001), and dyslipidemia (76.3% v 61.9%, P < .0001). However, despite treatment, stroke survivors were more likely to have hypertension (33.3% v 30.4%, P=.0074) and stage 2 hypertension (9.1% v 7.6%, P=.017). Predictors of unrecognized and undertreated risk factors in stroke survivors include increasing body mass index, black race, and lower education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite having a past stroke or TIA, stroke survivors had higher rates of unrecognized hypertension, unrecognized diabetes, and undertreated hypertension. Better efforts are needed to help stroke survivors recognize and control vascular risk factors to prevent recurrent stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Mobile, Alabama, USA. dbrenner@uab.edu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Rich M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Zweifler
authors.forename: Camilo R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Brett M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kissela
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coull
authors.forename: Virginia J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017741:Survivors; D044465:White People
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