title: Oxycodone in the long-term treatment of chronic pain related to scleroderma skin ulcers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of long-term therapy with oxycodone in severe pain of scleroderma skin ulcers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine consecutive patients, referred to our Rheumatology Unit during 2006, affected by systemic sclerosis complicated by painful long-standing skin ulcers entered in the study. In all cases, pain was classified as severe according to World Health Organization guidelines, and oxycodone chloridrate (Oxycontin®; Mundipharma Pharmaceuticals, Milan, Italy) was administrated at the dosage of 10-20mg twice daily for a mean period of 7.9±3.2 standard deviation months.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of opioid therapy, the following parameters were recorded at standard time intervals: visual analog scale (VAS) pain, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), hours of sleep per night, Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability index, analgesics use (rescue therapy), side effects, vital signs, routine laboratory assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 1 month of therapy, all patients experienced relief of pain (VAS decreased from 93.8±8.72 to 56.7±10.4, P<0.0001), and better quality of sleep (total hours of sleep increased from 3.68±1.28 to 5.27±0.75, P<0.0001; PSQI decreased from 9.72±3.95 to 3.37±1.04, P<0.0001). These parameters further improved after 3 months of therapy and remained stable during the follow-up; moreover, an increase of daily dosage of oxycodone was never required. The observed side effects were always transient and mild; only constipation, when present, was persistent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxycodone showed to be effective and safe in the treatment of pain due to severe scleroderma skin ulcers; contemporarily, it markedly improved the patient's compliance to local wound care procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Medical School, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Dilia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giuggioli
authors.forename: Andreina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colaci
authors.forename: Clodoveo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferri
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003646:Debridement; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012594:Scleroderma, Localized / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D010098:Oxycodone