title: Impacts of climate change on indirect human exposure to pathogens and chemicals from agriculture.
abstract: Climate change is likely to affect the nature of pathogens/ chemicals in the environment and their fate and transport. We assess the implications of climate change for changes in human exposures to pathogens/chemicals in agricultural systems in the UK and discuss the effects on health impacts, using expert input and literature on climate change; health effects from exposure to pathogens/chemicals arising from agriculture; inputs of chemicals/pathogens to agricultural systems; and human exposure pathways for pathogens/chemicals in agricultural systems. We established the evidence base for health effects of chemicals/pathogens in the agricultural environment; determined the potential implications of climate change on chemical/pathogen inputs in agricultural systems; and explored the effects of climate change on environmental transport and fate of various contaminants. We merged data to assess the implications of climate change in terms of indirect human exposure to pathogens/chemicals in agricultural systems, and defined recommendations on future research and policy changes to manage adverse increases in risks.
authors.affiliation: CSL, EcoChemistry Team, University of York, York, UK, YO41 1LZ. a.boxall@csl.gov.uk
authors.forename: Alistair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boxall
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beulke
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boucard
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burgin
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Falloon
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haygarth
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: Sari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kovats
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Potts
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Topp
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turley
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wellington
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000391:Air Microbiology; D057231:Climate Change; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006113:United Kingdom; D014871:Water Microbiology