title: Comparison of two anesthetic protocols for feline blood donation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare hemodynamic variables during, and recovery quality following, anesthesia for feline blood donation using intramuscular ketamine-midazolam-butorphanol (KMB) versus inhaled sevoflurane in oxygen (SEV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective blinded, randomized, crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy, client-owned, mixed breed cats, aged 4-8 years, weighing 5.2-6.4 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cats were anesthetized with KMB for one donation and SEV for another. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f(R)), pulse quality, mucous membrane color, capillary refill time, arterial hemoglobin saturation with oxygen (SpO(2)), and noninvasive arterial blood pressure (Doppler) were assessed by a blinded observer every 1 minute during collection. A nonblinded anesthesiologist delivered drugs and responded to hemodynamic changes. Each donation consisted of 55 mL of whole blood drawn via jugular puncture over 5-22 minutes. Donors received 60 mL subcutaneous lactated Ringer's solution before recovery. Donors were monitored for a minimum of 4 hours post-donation, before returning home. Owners, unaware of anesthetic protocol, completed a questionnaire regarding their cat's behavior during the 24 hours following donation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both protocols provided adequate restraint but were complicated by significant hypotension, requiring intervention in 16 (84%) SEV cats, and eight (42%) KMB cats. KMB cats experienced post-procedure hyperthermia, with body temperatures >103.5 degrees F. All animals responded to symptomatic therapy within 2 hours. Owners noted a significantly faster return to normal behavior at home following SEV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All cats experienced hypotension, with many animals requiring intervention. There was no significant difference between protocols in incidence and severity of hypotension. The primary post-procedure complication was hyperthermia with KMB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a result of the potential for hypotension during blood donation, intravenous (IV) access and blood pressure monitoring are recommended for all anesthetized donor cats, regardless of the anesthetic protocol. Post-procedure hyperthermia is a risk with KMB, so temperature monitoring is recommended. Return to normal behavior is faster with SEV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Maria B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Killos
authors.forename: Lynelle F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001782:Blood Donors; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002415:Cats / Q000502:physiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000662:veterinary; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D007649:Ketamine; D002077:Butorphanol; D008874:Midazolam