title: Delayed onset muscle soreness after inspiratory threshold loading in healthy adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Skeletal muscle damage occurs following high-intensity or unaccustomed exercise; however, it is difficult to monitor damage to the respiratory muscles, particularly in humans. The aim of this study was to use clinical measures to investigate the presence of skeletal muscle damage in the inspiratory muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy subjects underwent 60 minutes of voluntary inspiratory threshold loading (ITL) at 70% of maximal inspiratory pressure. Maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures, delayed onset muscle soreness on a visual analogue scale and plasma creatine kinase were measured prior to ITL, and at repeated time points after ITL (4, 24 and 48 hours post-ITL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Delayed onset muscle soreness was present in all subjects 24 hours following ITL (intensity = 22 +/- 6 mm; significantly higher than baseline p = 0.02). Muscle soreness was reported primarily in the anterior neck region, and was correlated to the amount of work done by the inspiratory muscles during ITL (r = 0.72, p = 0.02). However, no significant change was observed in maximal inspiratory or expiratory pressures or creatine kinase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that an intense bout of ITL results in muscle soreness primarily in the accessory muscles of inspiration, however, may be insufficient to cause significant muscle damage in healthy adults.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Sunita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: A William
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Sheel
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Road
authors.forename: W Darlene
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Reid
references.citation: J Physiol. 1993 May;464:183-96
references.pmid: 8229798
references.citation: J Lab Clin Med. 1967 Apr;69(4):696-705
references.pmid: 4381359
references.citation: Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001 Mar;84(3):180-6
references.pmid: 11320633
references.citation: Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2006 Jun;31(3):218-25
references.pmid: 16770348
references.citation: Thorax. 1984 Jul;39(7):535-8
references.pmid: 6463933
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Jun;163(7):1654-9
references.pmid: 11401890
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Nov 1;164(9):1734-9
references.pmid: 11719318
references.citation: J Sports Sci. 2007 Jun;25(8):845-50
references.pmid: 17474037
references.citation: Sports Med. 1995 Jul;20(1):24-40
references.pmid: 7481277
references.citation: J Physiol. 2000 Dec 1;529 Pt 2:493-504
references.pmid: 11101657
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Apr;102(4):1556-64
references.pmid: 17138835
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Jan;157(1):230-6
references.pmid: 9445304
references.citation: Chest. 1997 Mar;111(3):802-7
references.pmid: 9118723
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1998 Dec;85(6):2089-99
references.pmid: 9843530
references.citation: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Apr;135(4):919-23
references.pmid: 3565939
references.citation: Biochem J. 1955 Sep;61(1):116-22
references.pmid: 13260184
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2008 Mar;104(3):639-47
references.pmid: 18079265
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1994 Jan;76(1):185-95
references.pmid: 8175504
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Aug;154(2 Pt 1):448-53
references.pmid: 8756821
references.citation: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002 Oct;(403 Suppl):S90-9
references.pmid: 12394457
references.citation: Anaesth Intensive Care. 2007 Oct;35(5):776-9
references.pmid: 17933168
references.citation: J Physiol. 2001 Nov 15;537(Pt 1):277-89
references.pmid: 11711580
references.citation: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001 Sep;56(9):B384-90
references.pmid: 11524439
references.citation: Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005 Oct;95(2-3):179-85
references.pmid: 16007451
references.citation: Br J Sports Med. 2008 Jul;42(7):585-91
references.pmid: 17873057
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 May;37(5):737-45
references.pmid: 15870626
references.citation: Acta Physiol Scand. 2001 Mar;171(3):321-6
references.pmid: 11412144
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1986 Jul;61(1):293-9
references.pmid: 3733615
references.citation: J Physiol. 1993 May;464:457-75
references.pmid: 8229813
references.citation: Chest. 2002 Jul;122(1):192-6
references.pmid: 12114357
references.citation: J Physiol. 2001 Dec 1;537(Pt 2):333-45
references.pmid: 11731568
references.citation: Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 1999 Fall;15(4):709-16
references.pmid: 10645112
references.citation: Clin J Sport Med. 2007 Nov;17(6):494-6
references.pmid: 17993794
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1997 Oct;83(4):1076-82
references.pmid: 9338413
references.citation: J Physiol. 2007 Nov 1;584(Pt 3):1019-28
references.pmid: 17855758
references.citation: Behav Res Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91
references.pmid: 17695343
references.citation: Sports Med. 2002;32(2):103-23
references.pmid: 11817996
references.citation: Chest. 1985 Jan;87(1):62-6
references.pmid: 3965266
references.citation: Respir Med. 2008 Dec;102(12):1715-29
references.pmid: 18708282
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Nov;162(5):1801-6
references.pmid: 11069816
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Sep;152(3):1107-36
references.pmid: 7663792
references.citation: Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2002 Nov;81(11 Suppl):S52-69
references.pmid: 12409811
references.citation: Phys Ther. 1995 Nov;75(11):983-95
references.pmid: 7480128
references.citation: Clin Chim Acta. 2005 Feb;352(1-2):15-35
references.pmid: 15653098
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1994 Jan;76(1):176-84
references.pmid: 8175503
references.citation: J Sports Sci. 1991 Summer;9(2):213-20
references.pmid: 1895357
references.citation: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2005 Nov;142(3):257-66
references.pmid: 16153865
references.citation: J Sports Sci Med. 2009 Mar 01;8(1):107-15
references.pmid: 24150563
references.citation: Exerc Immunol Rev. 1999;5:5-21
references.pmid: 10519060