A novel mechanism for neutrophil priming in trauma: potential role of peritoneal fluid.
BACKGROUND
We sought to determine the effect of peritoneal fluid from a novel animal model of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) on the proinflammatory status of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes. We hypothesize that peritoneal fluid is a potential priming and/or activating agent for PMNs/monocytes.


METHODS
ACS was induced in female Yorkshire swine, and peritoneal fluid was collected at the time of decompressive laparotomy. Naïve PMNs/monocytes were primed and/or activated with peritoneal fluid, phosphatidylcholine (PAF) plus peritoneal fluid, peritoneal fluid plus n-formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLP), and peritoneal fluid plus phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Activation was determined by surface marker expression of integrins (CD11b an CD18) and selectins (CD62L). Additionally, proinflammatory cytokines in peritoneal fluid were analyzed.


RESULTS
Peritoneal fluid did not activate PMNs but increased CD11b expression on monocytes. When used as a primer for fMLP- or PMA-induced activation, peritoneal fluid significantly increased CD11b and CD18 expression on PMNs and monocytes. Peritoneal fluid collected at 6 and 12 h post decompressive laparotomy had similar effects. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were increased in peritoneal fluid.


CONCLUSIONS
Peritoneal fluid represents a primer for PMNs/monocytes and seems to act through receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways. Strategies to reduce the amount of peritoneal fluid may decrease the locoregional and systemic inflammatory response by reducing priming and activation of neutrophils/monocytes.
Shah
Shinil K
SK
Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Jimenez
Fernando
F
Walker
Peter A
PA
Aroom
Kevin R
KR
Xue
Hasen
H
Feeley
Teri D
TD
Uray
Karen S
KS
Norbury
Kenneth C
KC
Stewart
Randolph H
RH
Laine
Glen A
GA
Cox
Charles S
CS
D000818:Animals; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D003161:Compartment Syndromes / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000502:physiology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000009:adverse effects; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*
D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine
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