Diet and paraoxonase 1 enzymatic activity in diabetic foot patients from Romania and Belgium: favorable association of high flavonoid dietary intake with arylesterase activity.
OBJECTIVE
The antiatherosclerotic enzyme paraoxonase (PON1) is affected by disease and lifestyle. We investigated the impact of diet in diabetic foot patients from 2 European countries.


METHODS
Dietary intake and serum PON1 activity, using as substrate paraoxon (paraoxonase) or phenylacetate (arylesterase), were assessed in patients from Bucharest (n = 40) and Antwerp (n = 30) and in 34 healthy controls.


RESULTS
The diabetic patients had lower paraoxonase and arylesterase activities than the controls. Arylesterase was lowest in the Bucharest patients, 116 +/- 42 U/ml, versus 141 +/- 43 and 184 +/- 49 U/ml in the Antwerp patients and controls, respectively (p < 0.0005). The Bucharest patients had worse glycemic control, higher blood pressure, lower HDL cholesterol and a diet richer in cholesterol and poorer in monounsaturated fats and fish. In contrast, their median intake of vitamins E and C, folic acid and flavonoids was higher, 82 mg (range: 4-259 mg), versus 28 mg (range: 5-169 mg) aglycone units in Antwerp (p = 0.005). Flavonoid intake predicted arylesterase independently of HDL cholesterol, region and sex (beta = 0.27; p = 0.03), and patients with high intake achieved normal levels of arylesterase (30.1 +/- 10.0 U/micromol in the highest versus 21.0 +/- 8.2 U/micromol total cholesterol in the lowest tertile; p = 0.02).


CONCLUSIONS
A flavonoid-rich diet is positively associated with PON1 arylesterase activity in diabetic foot patients.
Lixandru
Daniela
D
Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania.
Mohora
Maria
M
Coman
Anca
A
Stoian
Irina
I
van Gils
Carolien
C
Aerts
Petra
P
Manuel-Y-Keenoy
Begoña
B
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001530:Belgium; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000201:enzymology*; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals; D010261:Paraoxon / Q000378:metabolism; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000378:metabolism; D012383:Romania; D014815:Vitamins
D005419:Flavonoids; D008055:Lipids; D008903:Minerals; D010648:Phenylacetates; D014815:Vitamins; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C019734:arylesterase; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C025136:phenylacetic acid; D010261:Paraoxon