title: Increased drug use and STI risk with injection drug use among HIV-seronegative heterosexual methamphetamine users.
abstract: Methamphetamine (MA) use has been found to be associated with increased risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) among men having sex with men, but it is unknown whether those who inject MA are at greater risk for these infections than those who administer MA by other routes. Furthermore, comparable data from heterosexual MA users are lacking. We investigated whether the HIV and STI risks of male and female heterosexual MA users who inject MA differ from those of comparable users who do not inject. Between 2001 and 2005, we interviewed 452 HIV-negative men and women aged 18 and older who had recently used MA and engaged in unprotected sex. Their mean age was 36.6 years; 68% were male; ethnicity was 49.4% Caucasian, 26.8% African-American, and 12.8% Hispanic. Logistic regression identified factors associated with injecting MA. Compared to non-IDU, IDU were more likely to: be Caucasian; be homeless; have used MA for a longer period and used more grams of MA in the last 30 days; have a history of felony conviction; and report a recent STI. HIV and STI prevention interventions should be tailored according to MA users' method of administration.
authors.affiliation: Native American Alliance for Emergency Preparedness (NAAEP), California Department of Health Care Services, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: W Susan
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Garfein
authors.forename: Shirley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Semple
authors.forename: Steffanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Strathdee
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Zians
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D020010:Heterosexuality / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine
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