title: Beneficial effect of aurothiomalate on murine malaria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Premature death of Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes is considered to favourably influence the clinical course of malaria. Aurothiomalate has previously been shown to trigger erythrocyte death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell membrane scrambling leading to phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface. Phosphatidylserine-exposing cells are rapidly cleared from circulating blood. The present study thus tested whether sodium aurothiomalate influences the intraerythrocytic parasite development in vitro and the clinical course of murine malaria in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human erythrocytes were infected with Plasmodium falciparum BinH in vitro and mice were infected (intraperitoneal injection of 1 x 106 parasitized murine erythrocytes) with Plasmodium berghei ANKA in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to aurothiomalate significantly decreased the in vitro parasitemia of P. falciparum-infected human erythrocytes without influencing the intraerythrocytic DNA/RNA content. Administration of sodium aurothiomalate in vivo (daily 10 mg/kg b.w. s.c. from the 8th day of infection) enhanced the percentage of phosphatidylserine-exposing infected and noninfected erythrocytes in blood. All nontreated mice died within 30 days of infection. Aurothiomalate-treatment delayed the lethal course of malaria leading to survival of more than 50% of the mice 30 days after infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sodium aurothiomalate influences the survival of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice, an effect only partially explained by stimulation of eryptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr, 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ioana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alesutan
authors.forename: Diwakar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bobbala
authors.forename: Syed M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Qadri
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Estremera
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Föller
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006052:Gold Sodium Thiomalate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D006052:Gold Sodium Thiomalate
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