title: Race and ethnicity in nasal plastic surgery: a need for science.
abstract: Race and ethnicity have no scientific or anthropologic validity, yet nasal plastic surgeons continue to categorize patient demographic variables according to racial and ethnic lines. The aim of this article is to discuss the problems of using race and ethnicity as demographic variables in nasal surgery. It is important to define the population demographics in any surgical study, but race and ethnicity are categories without any scientific basis. The nasal index or other anthropometric objective measures of the external nose may be used as discriminators of variation for studies in rhinology, but more studies are required to define their clinical relevance and usefulness in plastic surgery. The article critically examines the use of racial/ethnic categories and anthropometric measurements in nasal plastic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Common Cold Centre and Healthcare Clinical Trials, Cardiff University, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eccles
mesh_terms: D001504:Beauty; D003469:Culture; D005006:Ethnicity; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D011157:Population Dynamics; D044469:Racial Groups; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D012649:Self Concept; D012923:Social Class