title: Investigation of interactions between poly-L-lysine-coated boron nitride nanotubes and C2C12 cells: up-take, cytocompatibility, and differentiation.
abstract: Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have generated considerable interest within the scientific community by virtue of their unique physical properties, which can be exploited in the biomedical field. In the present in vitro study, we investigated the interactions of poly-l-lysine-coated BNNTs with C2C12 cells, as a model of muscle cells, in terms of cytocompatibility and BNNT internalization. The latter was performed using both confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Finally, we investigated myoblast differentiation in the presence of BNNTs, evaluating the protein synthesis of differentiating cells, myotube formation, and expression of some constitutive myoblastic markers, such as MyoD and Cx43, by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. We demonstrated that BNNTs are highly internalized by C2C12 cells, with neither adversely affecting C2C12 myoblast viability nor significantly interfering with myotube formation.
authors.affiliation: Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciofani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ricotti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Danti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moscato
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nesti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: D'Alessandro
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dinucci
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiellini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pietrabissa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menciassi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011107:Polylysine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D001896:Boron Compounds; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011107:Polylysine; C017282:boron nitride
references.citation: Methods Enzymol. 1990;182:50-68
references.pmid: 2314256
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2007 Mar;7(3):632-7
references.pmid: 17288485
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2005 Dec 14;127(49):17144-5
references.pmid: 16332036
references.citation: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001 Oct;122(4):759-66
references.pmid: 11581610
references.citation: J Nanobiotechnology. 2007 Oct 23;5:8
references.pmid: 17956629
references.citation: Chem Asian J. 2007 Dec 3;2(12):1581-5
references.pmid: 18041790
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 May 1;382(2):473-7
references.pmid: 19289111
references.citation: Science. 1995 Aug 18;269(5226):966-7
references.pmid: 17807732
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1995 Nov 1;182(5):1545-56
references.pmid: 7595224
references.citation: Dev Biol. 2009 Aug 1;332(1):131-41
references.pmid: 19464281
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2007 May;18(5):1734-43
references.pmid: 17332503
references.citation: J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2008 Dec;8(12):6223-31
references.pmid: 19205187
references.citation: Nanoscale Res Lett. 2008 Nov 25;4(2):113-121
references.pmid: 20596476
references.citation: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2006 Dec 1;58(14):1460-70
references.pmid: 17113677
references.citation: Biotechnol Bioeng. 2008 Nov 1;101(4):850-8
references.pmid: 18512259
references.citation: Life Sci. 2009 Mar 27;84(13-14):415-20
references.pmid: 19302823
references.citation: Nanotechnology. 2009 Jun 24;20(25):255101
references.pmid: 19487801
references.citation: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2006 Jan 16;45(4):577-81
references.pmid: 16345107
references.citation: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Nov;295(5):E1191-204
references.pmid: 18780777
references.citation: Anal Biochem. 1997 Jul 1;249(2):228-38
references.pmid: 9212875