title: Analysis of combinatorial variability reveals selective accumulation of the fibronectin type III domains B and D of tenascin-C in injured brain.
abstract: Tenascin-C (Tnc) is a multimodular extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is markedly upregulated in CNS injuries where it is primarily secreted by reactive astrocytes. Different Tnc isoforms can be generated by the insertion of variable combinations of one to seven (in rats) alternatively spliced distinct fibronectin type III (FnIII) domains to the smallest variant. Each spliced FnIII repeat mediates specific actions on neurite outgrowth, neuron migration or adhesion. Hence, different Tnc isoforms might differentially influence CNS repair. We explored the expression pattern of Tnc variants after cortical lesions and after treatment of astrocytes with various cytokines. Using RT-PCR, we observed a strong upregulation of Tnc transcripts containing the spliced FnIII domains B or D in injured tissue at 2-4 days post-lesion (dpl). Looking at specific combinations, we showed a dramatic increase of Tnc isoforms harboring the neurite outgrowth-promoting BD repeat with both the B and D domains being adjacent to each other. Isoforms containing only the axon growth-stimulating spliced domain D were also dramatically enhanced after injury. Injury-induced increase of Tnc proteins comprising the domain D was confirmed by Western Blotting and immunostaining of cortical lesions. In contrast, the FnIII modules C and AD1 were weakly modulated after injury. The growth cone repulsive A1A2A4 domains were poorly expressed in normal and injured tissue but the smallest isoform, which is also repellant, was highly expressed after injury. Expression of the shortest Tnc isoform and of variants containing B, D or BD, was strongly upregulated in cultured astrocytes after TGFbeta1 treatment, suggesting that TGFbeta1 could mediate, at least in part, the injury-induced upregulation of these isoforms. We identified complex injury-induced differential regulations of Tnc isoforms that may well influence axonal regeneration and repair processes in the damaged CNS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobbertin
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Czvitkovich
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Theocharidis
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garwood
authors.forename: Melissa R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Properzi
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fawcett
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faissner
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D058966:Contactins; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019063:Tenascin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D058966:Contactins; D005353:Fibronectins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D019063:Tenascin