title: In their own words: reports of stigma and genetic discrimination by people at risk for Huntington disease in the International RESPOND-HD study.
abstract: Genetic discrimination may be experienced in the day-to-day lives of people at risk for Huntington disease (HD), encompassing occurrences in the workplace, when seeking insurance, within social relationships, and during other daily encounters. At-risk individuals who have tested either positive or negative for the genetic expansion that causes HD, as well as at-risk persons with a 50% chance for developing the disorder but have not had DNA testing completed the International RESPOND-HD (I-RESPOND-HD) survey. One of the study's purposes was to examine perceptions of genetic stigmatization and discrimination. A total of 412 out of 433 participants provided narrative comments, and 191 provided related codable narrative data. The core theme, Information Control, refers to organizational policies and interpersonal actions. This theme was found in narrative comments describing genetic discrimination perceptions across employment, insurance, social, and other situations. These reports were elaborated with five themes: What They Encountered, What They Felt, What Others Did, What They Did, and What Happened. Although many perceptions were coded as hurtful, this was not true in all instances. Findings document that reports of genetic discrimination are highly individual, and both policy as well as interpersonal factors contribute to the outcome of potentially discriminating events.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Janet K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erwin
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Juhl
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mengeling
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bombard
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Quaid
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shoulson
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Jane S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Paulsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004651:Employment / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000523:psychology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D007391:International Cooperation; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057545:Social Stigma
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