Osteoprotegerin as a predictor of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein that acts as a decoy receptor for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. The OPG/RANKL/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB axis plays an important regulatory role in the skeletal, immune, and vascular systems. The protective role of OPG, in animal models, against vascular calcification has not been replicated in human trials; moreover, increased OPG levels have been consistently associated with the incidence and prevalence of coronary artery disease. There seems to be some dichotomy in the role of OPG, RANKL, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in atherosclerosis and plaque stability. In this review, we integrate the findings from some of the important studies and try to draw conclusions with a view to gaining some insight into the complex interactions of the OPG/RANKL/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB axis and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
Venuraju
Shreenidhi M
SM
Clinical Imaging and Research Centre, Wellington Hospital, London, UK. shreenidhimv@gmail.com
Yerramasu
Ajay
A
Corder
Roger
R
Lahiri
Avijit
A
D000818:Animals; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000502:physiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000502:physiology; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000502:physiology
D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand