title: Porcine bone used in sinus augmentation procedures: a 5-year retrospective clinical evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rehabilitation of the edentulous posterior maxilla with dental implants often represents a clinical challenge because of the insufficient bone volume resulting from pneumatization of the maxillary sinus and crestal bone resorption. The aim of this study was a retrospective clinical evaluation of maxillary sinus augmentation using porcine bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-one healthy patients with a noncontributory medical history were included in this study. All patients underwent sinus augmentation procedures with porcine bone. After a 4- to 6-month healing period, sandblasted and acid-etched implants were inserted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All grafted sinuses healed without major complications, except for 2 that showed no regeneration at the time of implant placement. A total of 21 implants were lost, 8 after the second-stage surgery and 13 in the 5 years' follow-up after loading. The cumulative survival rate was 92% after a mean loading time of 5 years. Only minor peri-implant marginal bone resorption was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, porcine bone can be used with success in sinus augmentation procedures, and rougher-surfaced implants are probably preferable.
authors.affiliation: Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. ascarano@unich.it
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarano
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.forename: Bartolomeo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Assenza
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quaranta
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perrotti
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iezzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013516:Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013499:Surface Properties; D013552:Swine; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants