title: The effects of extraverted temperament on agoraphobia in panic disorder.
abstract: Although situational avoidance is viewed as the most disabling aspect of panic disorder, few studies have evaluated how dimensions of neurotic (i.e., neuroticism, behavioral inhibition) and extraverted (i.e., extraversion, behavioral activation) temperament may influence the presence and severity of agoraphobia. Using logistic regression and structural equation modeling, we examined the unique effects of extraverted temperament on situational avoidance in a sample of 274 outpatients with a diagnosis of panic disorder with and without agoraphobia. Results showed low extraverted temperament (i.e., introversion) to be associated with both the presence and the severity of situational avoidance. Findings are discussed in regard to conceptualizations of conditioned avoidance, activity levels, sociability, and positive emotions within the context of panic disorder with agoraphobia.
authors.affiliation: Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215-2013, USA. ajrosell@bu.edu
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rosellini
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005120:Extraversion, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 1989 Feb;98(1):100-2
references.pmid: 2708633
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2001 Nov;110(4):585-99
references.pmid: 11727948
references.citation: Depress Anxiety. 2002;15(4):183-5
references.pmid: 12112724
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006 Dec;114(6):417-25
references.pmid: 17087790
references.citation: Clin Psychol Rev. 2007 Apr;27(3):348-65
references.pmid: 17222490
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 1994 Feb;103(1):103-16
references.pmid: 8040472
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 1998 May;107(2):179-92
references.pmid: 9604548
references.citation: Depress Anxiety. 2004;20(2):92-7
references.pmid: 15390211
references.citation: J Pers. 2005 Oct;73(5):1397-436
references.pmid: 16138877
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2001 Aug;110(3):372-7
references.pmid: 11502080
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2001 Feb;110(1):49-58
references.pmid: 11261399
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Jun;54(6):1063-70
references.pmid: 3397865
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2007 May;116(2):313-28
references.pmid: 17516764
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 1991 Aug;100(3):316-36
references.pmid: 1918611
references.citation: Anxiety. 1994-1995;1(3):114-22
references.pmid: 9160559
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 2005 Mar;43(3):337-55
references.pmid: 15680930
references.citation: Annu Rev Psychol. 1998;49:377-412
references.pmid: 9496627
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 2006 Jan;44(1):147-57
references.pmid: 16300725
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 1997 Mar;35(3):239-48
references.pmid: 9125104
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;164(11):1714-21
references.pmid: 17974937
references.citation: Psychol Methods. 2002 Mar;7(1):19-40
references.pmid: 11928888
references.citation: Psychol Assess. 2004 Sep;16(3):244-54
references.pmid: 15456380
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2005 Nov;114(4):551-6
references.pmid: 16351377
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Feb;156(2):246-51
references.pmid: 9989561
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 1990 Nov;108(3):403-19
references.pmid: 2270235
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2001 May 10;102(1):73-85
references.pmid: 11368842