title: Cerebral folate deficiency presenting as adolescent catatonic schizophrenia: a case report.
abstract: Cerebral folate deficiency presents during infancy with irritability, deceleration of head growth, seizures, and progressive cognitive and motor impairment. Although low serum folate levels have been found in patients with schizophrenia, we describe the first case of cerebral folate deficiency presenting as catatonic schizophrenia. A 13-year-old previously healthy boy presented to our hospital with a 17-month history of schizophrenic symptoms with progressively worsening catatonia. On admission, he demonstrated near-complete mutism, frequent enuresis and encopresis, and severe psychomotor retardation. Our initial diagnostic evaluations, including brain magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalogram, and routine metabolic tests, were normal. A lumbar puncture done to look for neurotransmitter defects or cerebral folate deficiency revealed low levels of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (31 nmol/L; reference range, 40-150 nmol/L). He also had elevated titers of folate receptor-blocking antibodies. He was treated for the next 9 months with 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (folinic acid), but his catatonia was unchanged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michelson
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aaen
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashwal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D012560:Schizophrenia, Catatonic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002955:Leucovorin