title: Investigating performance and lung function in a hot, humid and ozone-polluted environment.
abstract: Large urbanized areas, where sports events take place, have a polluted environment and can also reach high temperatures and humidity levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a hot, humid and ozone-polluted (O(3)) environment on (1) performance of an 8 km time trial run, (2) pulmonary function, and (3) subjective respiratory symptoms in endurance-trained runners. Using crossover randomized design, 10 male participants (mean V(O)₂(max)= 64.4 mlO(2) kg(-1) min(-1), SD = 4.4) took part in a time trial run under four different conditions: 20 degrees C + 50% relative humidity (rh) (Control), 20 degrees C + 50% rh + 0.10 ppm O(3) (Control + O(3)), 31 degrees C + 70% rh (Heat), 31 degrees C + 70% rh + 0.10 ppm O(3) (Heat + O(3)). Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion and minute ventilation were collected during the run. Lung function was measured pre and post-exercise. The runners completed a respiratory symptoms questionnaire after each trial. The completion time of both the Heat (32 min 35 s) and Heat + O(3) (33 min 09 s) trials were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) when compared to the Control + O(3) (30 min 27 s) and Control (30 min 15 s) trials. There were no significant changes between pre/post lung function measures or between trials. The effective dose of ozone simulated in the present study did not affect the performance and therefore, ozone-pollution, at an environmentally relevant concentration, did not compound the impairment in performance beyond that induced by a hot, humid environment.
authors.affiliation: Biomedicine and Sports Science Research Group, Edinburgh Napier University, Merchiston Campus, 10 Colinton Road, Edinburgh, EH10 5DT, UK. elisacoutogomes@gmail.com
authors.forename: Elisa Couto
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Geraint
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Florida-James
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006339:Heart Rate; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008297:Male; D008450:Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate; D010126:Ozone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D010465:Perception; D010807:Physical Endurance; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012420:Running; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014797:Vital Capacity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D010126:Ozone
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004 May 15;169(10):1089-95
references.pmid: 14754762
references.citation: Br Med Bull. 2003;68:143-56
references.pmid: 14757714
references.citation: Lancet. 2002 Oct 19;360(9341):1233-42
references.pmid: 12401268
references.citation: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Nov;142(5):1158-63
references.pmid: 2240838
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Sep;156(3 Pt 1):715-22
references.pmid: 9309984
references.citation: Environ Res. 2006 Mar;100(3):431-40
references.pmid: 16181621
references.citation: J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1984 Aug;57(2):450-6
references.pmid: 6469815
references.citation: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986 Oct;134(4):726-33
references.pmid: 3767129
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Mar;159(3):776-84
references.pmid: 10051250
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Oct;150(4):962-6
references.pmid: 7921470
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Jul;31(7):987-97
references.pmid: 10416560
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1989 Oct;67(4):1535-41
references.pmid: 2793755
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1986 Aug;18(4):408-14
references.pmid: 3747800
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Jun;161(6):1855-61
references.pmid: 10852757
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 1997 May;434(1):49-56
references.pmid: 9094255
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Dec;37(12):2019-25
references.pmid: 16331124
references.citation: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996 May;138(1):176-85
references.pmid: 8658507
references.citation: Sci Total Environ. 2003 May 20;307(1-3):141-65
references.pmid: 12711431
references.citation: Arch Environ Health. 1991 May-Jun;46(3):145-50
references.pmid: 2039268
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Mar;39(3):487-93
references.pmid: 17473775
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Feb;114(2):209-12
references.pmid: 16451856
references.citation: Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 May;97(1):109-21
references.pmid: 16506060
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997 Sep;29(9):1240-9
references.pmid: 9309637
references.citation: J Physiol. 2008 Jan 1;586(1):45-53
references.pmid: 17855754
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Aug;158(2):532-7
references.pmid: 9700132
references.citation: Eur Respir J. 1999 Jun;13(6):1418-28
references.pmid: 10445622
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1998 Nov;85(5):1863-70
references.pmid: 9804592
references.citation: J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1983 Sep;55(3):805-12
references.pmid: 6629918
references.citation: Eur Respir J. 1998 Jun;11(6):1294-300
references.pmid: 9657569
references.citation: J Sports Sci. 2004 Oct;22(10):981-1001; discussion 1001-2
references.pmid: 15768729
references.citation: J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2001 Jul-Aug;11(4):286-94
references.pmid: 11571608
references.citation: Sports Med. 2002;32(9):583-600
references.pmid: 12096931
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov;112(15):1557-63
references.pmid: 15531442