title: Time to Relapse Questionnaire (TRQ): a measure of sudden relapse in substance dependence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Relapse may occur suddenly, following a short period of craving, or after extended consideration. The time to relapse may reveal underlying mechanisms of relapse and have important implications for treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The Time to Relapse Questionnaire (TRQ), a self-administered questionnaire, was designed to assess the time from the initial thought of drug use to actual use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychometric properties of the TRQ were evaluated in two distinct populations (n = 183 and 194) with DSM-IV primary substance use disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis and item refinement led to a 9-item TRQ with a three-factor solution accounting for 63% of the total variance. Three discrete types of relapse style were identified: Sudden Relapse, Short Delay Relapse, and Long Delay Relapse. The TRQ demonstrated good construct validity and adequate internal consistency for the total (alpha = .61) and individual factor (alpha = .64-.75) scores. Measures to assess convergent validity of the TRQ suggest that Sudden Relapse may not reflect more generalized deficits of inhibitory control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TRQ may provide a useful self-report measure to discriminate between addicted patients who relapse without forewarning compared to those with a period of delay. Clinical interventions may be targeted towards different relapse styles.
authors.affiliation: UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Psychiatry, Dallas, Texas 75390-8564, USA. bryon.adinoff@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Bryon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adinoff
authors.forename: Chelsea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Talmadge
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schreffler
authors.forename: Patricia K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Jackley
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Krebaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D012008:Recurrence; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
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