title: High-carbohydrate diet selectively induces tumor necrosis factor-α production in mice liver.
abstract: Obesity may represent a state of chronic low-grade inflammation associated with infiltration of adipose tissue by inflammatory cells. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/JE), two important inflammatory cytokines, have been shown to be regulated according to changes in body adiposity. In this study on Swiss mice, we compared the influences of long-term high-carbohydrate (HC) or high-fat (HF) diet on adiposity, glucose tolerance, and secretion of TNF-α and MCP-1/JE by adipose tissue and liver. For 8 weeks, male Swiss mice (7-8 weeks) were fed either standard laboratory rodent diet (control group), HC diet (64% carbohydrate, 19% protein, and 11% fat), or HF diet (45% carbohydrate, 17% protein, and 38% fat), with the latter two diets having no fiber. Oral glucose tolerance test, triacylglycerol (TAG) plasma concentration, and systemic or tissue levels of the two proinflammatory cytokines were determined. Body weight increased by approximately 20% in mice fed the experimental diets compared with mice fed the control diet. Systemically, the hypercaloric diets induced hyperglycemia with impairment in glucose tolerance, elevated circulating TAG levels, and increased plasma concentrations of TNF-α and MCP-1/JE. In the target organs (adipose tissue and liver), both diets increased MCP-1/JE levels. However, the HC diet, but not the HF diet, was able to increase TNF-α concentration in the liver. These results have shown that the nature of nutrients influences the type of proinflammatory cytokines in target organs and may contribute to the comorbidities of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adaliene Versiani Matos
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Erica Guilhen
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Mario
authors.forename: Laura Cristina Jardim
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: Silvia Passos
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Leida Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Botion
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006943:Hyperglycemia; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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