title: Current results on biological activities of lichen secondary metabolites: a review.
abstract: Lichens are symbiotic organisms of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. Lichen-forming fungi synthesize a great variety of secondary metabolites, many of which are unique. Developments in analytical techniques and experimental methods have resulted in the identification of about 1050 lichen substances (including those found in cultures). In addition to their role in lichen chemotaxonomy and systematics, lichen secondary compounds have several possible biological roles, including photoprotection against intense radiation, as well as allelochemical, antiviral, antitumor, antibacterial, antiherbivore, and antioxidant action. These compounds are also important factors in metal homeostasis and pollution tolerance of lichen thalli. Although our knowledge of the contribution of these extracellular products to the success of the lichen symbiosis has increased significantly in the last decades, their biotic and abiotic roles have not been entirely explored.
authors.affiliation: Duke University, Department of Biology, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA. kmcz100@gmail.com
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Molnár
authors.forename: Edit
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Farkas
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D017753:Ecosystem; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism; D006967:Hypersensitivity; D008011:Lichens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011835:Radiation Protection
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001572:Benzofurans; C073339:usnic acid