title: Antiviral strategies to control calicivirus infections.
abstract: Caliciviridae are human or non-human pathogenic viruses with a high diversity. Some members of the Caliciviridae, i.e. human pathogenic norovirus or rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), are worldwide emerging pathogens. The norovirus is the major cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide, accounting for about 85% of the outbreaks in Europe between 1995 and 2000. In the United States, 25 million cases of infection are reported each year. Since its emergence in 1984 as an agent of fatal hemorrhagic diseases in rabbits, RHDV has killed millions of rabbits and has been dispersed to all of the inhabitable continents. In view of their successful and apparently increasing emergence, the development of antiviral strategies to control infections due to these viral pathogens has now become an important issue in medicine and veterinary medicine. Antiviral strategies have to be based on an understanding of the epidemiology, transmission, clinical symptoms, viral replication and immunity to infection resulting from infection by these viruses. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying calicivirus infection, focusing on the molecular aspects of replication in the host cell. Recent experimental data generated through an international collaboration on structural biology, virology and drug design within the European consortium VIZIER is also presented. Based on this analysis, we propose antiviral strategies that may significantly impact on the epidemiological characteristics of these highly successful viral pathogens.
authors.affiliation: The Calicilab, Institute of Virology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany. jacques.rohayem@tu-dresden.de
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rohayem
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gebhardt
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mattevi
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Unge
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hilgenfeld
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neyts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000639:trends; D002139:Caliciviridae / Q000187:drug effects*; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D015195:Drug Design; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005062:European Union; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004798:Enzymes; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins
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