title: Neural mechanisms underlying spatial realignment during adaptation to optical wedge prisms.
abstract: Visuomotor adaptation to a shift in visual input produced by prismatic lenses is an example of dynamic sensory-motor plasticity within the brain. Prism adaptation is readily induced in healthy individuals, and is thought to reflect the brain's ability to compensate for drifts in spatial calibration between different sensory systems. The neural correlate of this form of functional plasticity is largely unknown, although current models predict the involvement of parieto-cerebellar circuits. Recent studies that have employed event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify brain regions associated with prism adaptation have discovered patterns of parietal and cerebellar modulation as participants corrected their visuomotor errors during the early part of adaptation. However, the role of these regions in the later stage of adaptation, when 'spatial realignment' or true adaptation is predicted to occur, remains unclear. Here, we used fMRI to quantify the distinctive patterns of parieto-cerebellar activity as visuomotor adaptation develops. We directly contrasted activation patterns during the initial error correction phase of visuomotor adaptation with that during the later spatial realignment phase, and found significant recruitment of the parieto-cerebellar network--with activations in the right inferior parietal lobe and the right posterior cerebellum. These findings provide the first evidence of both cerebellar and parietal involvement during the spatial realignment phase of prism adaptation.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Heidi L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Ranmalee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eramudugolla
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gavrilescu
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Strudwick
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loftus
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cunnington
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mattingley
mesh_terms: D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007909:Lenses; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen