title: Coupling reaction and complex formation for the spectrophotometric determination of physiologically active catecholamines in bulk, pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples of schizophrenic patients.
abstract: A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of three catecholamines namely dopamine hydrochloride (DO.HCl), dobutamine hydrochloride (DOB.HCl) and vanillymandelic acid (VMA), in both pure form or in their commercially available pharmaceutical formulations or urine samples of schizopherinic patients is described. The method is based on the reaction of diazotized 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) with catecholamines in a basic medium (pH = 10-11) to yield pink-coloured products having absorption maxima at 500, 505 and 480 nm for DO.HCl, VMA and DOB.HCl, respectively. Before carrying out Beer's Law, different experimental conditions, such as time, temperature, sequence of addition, and pH are optimized. The coloured species obeyed Beer's Law in the range of 47.4-417.2, 59.45-445.9 and 67.57-405.4 mg/L for DO.HCl, VMA and DOB.HCl, respectively. The molar absorptivity values as obtained from Beer's Law data were found to be 2.979 x 10(4), 4.39 x 10(4) and 1.036 x 10(4) L mol(-1) cm(-1), while Sandell's sensitivity values were observed to be 3 x 10(-3), 4.4 x 10(-3) and 1.3 x 10(-3) microg cm(2-) for DO.HCl, VMA and DOB.HCl, respectively. Common excipients did not interfere with the proposed method. The results of the proposed method compare favourably with those of official methods. The proposed method offers simplicity, reliability, rapidity, and accuracy compared to the existing methods.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Faten A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Nour El-Dien
authors.forename: Eman Y A
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Frag
authors.forename: Gehad G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Mohamed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000675:Ampyrone / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000378:metabolism; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods*; D014642:Vanilmandelic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D000675:Ampyrone; D004280:Dobutamine; D014642:Vanilmandelic Acid; D004298:Dopamine