title: Th1/Th2/Th17 and regulatory T-cell paradigm in pregnancy.
abstract: T-helper (Th) cells play a central role in modulating immune responses. The Th1/Th2 paradigm has now developed into the new Th1/Th2/Th17 paradigm. In addition to effector cells, Th cells are regulated by regulatory T (Treg) cells. Their capacity to produce cytokines is suppressed by immunoregulatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and interleukin (IL)-10 or by cell-to-cell interaction. Here, we will review the immunological environment in normal pregnancy and complicated pregnancy, such as implantation failure, abortion, preterm labor, and preeclampsia from the viewpoint of the new Th1/Th2/Th17 and Treg paradigms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan. s30saito@med.u-toyama.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Akitoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020381:Interleukin-17; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta