title: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a macro  porous β-TCP granule-shaped bone  substitute fabricated by the fibrous  monolithic process.
abstract: In this study, a new porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granule was fabricated using the fibrous monolithic (FM) process and its in vitro biocompatibility and in vivo bone formation were evaluated. SEM micrograph images showed that MG-63 cells attached to the surfaces of the implant and were well proliferated. Cellular viability was as high as 75% in a50% extract dilution solution. cDNA micro array analysis was also carried out. In this analysis, we found a total of 12 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated genes. Four rabbits were used in the in vivo experiments. 3D micro-CT images showed that the formation of new bone was almost three times greater than that of normal trabecular bone (BV/TV). The histomorphometric results correlated with the micro-CT findings; a greater amount of new bone formation and osteoblast lineage along with osteocytes were observed in the implanted animals. Also x-ray radiographic and 2D micro-CT images were taken to demonstrate the superior biodegradability of the porous granule. As biodegradation occurred along with bone formation, 6 months after implantation, the porous granule structure was not distinguishable separately from that of the trabecular bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnum 330-090, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M Anirban
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jyoti
authors.forename: Min-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.forename: Hyung-Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.forename: Hyung-Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Byong-Taek
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ho-Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate