title: Effect of accelerated rehabilitation on function after ankle sprain: randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare an accelerated intervention incorporating early therapeutic exercise after acute ankle sprains with a standard protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial with blinded outcome assessor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Accident and emergency department and university based sports injury clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  101 patients with an acute grade 1 or 2 ankle sprain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomised to an accelerated intervention with early therapeutic exercise (exercise group) or a standard protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation intervention (standard group).
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was subjective ankle function (lower extremity functional scale). Secondary outcomes were pain at rest and on activity, swelling, and physical activity at baseline and at one, two, three, and four weeks after injury. Ankle function and rate of reinjury were assessed at 16 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An overall treatment effect was in favour of the exercise group (P=0.0077); this was significant at both week 1 (baseline adjusted difference in treatment 5.28, 98.75% confidence interval 0.31 to 10.26; P=0.008) and week 2 (4.92, 0.27 to 9.57; P=0.0083). Activity level was significantly higher in the exercise group as measured by time spent walking (1.2 hours, 95% confidence interval 0.9 to 1.4 v 1.6, 1.3 to 1.9), step count (5621 steps, 95% confidence interval 4399 to 6843 v 7886, 6357 to 9416), and time spent in light intensity activity (53 minutes, 95% confidence interval 44 to 60 v 76, 58 to 95). The groups did not differ at any other time point for pain at rest, pain on activity, or swelling. The reinjury rate was 4% (two in each group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An accelerated exercise protocol during the first week after ankle sprain improved ankle function; the group receiving this intervention was more active during that week than the group receiving standard care.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN13903946.
authors.affiliation: Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Newtownabbey, Co Antrim BT37 0QB. chrisbleakley@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Chris M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bleakley
authors.forename: Seán R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tully
authors.forename: Laurence G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Rocke
authors.forename: Domhnall C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Macauley
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bradbury
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keegan
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: McDonough
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D055815:Young Adult