title: Loss of CDC4/FBXW7 in gastric carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CDC4/FBXW7, encoding a ubiquitin ligase, maps to 4q32 and has been implicated as a tumor suppressor gene and therapeutic target in many tumor types. Mutations in colonic adenomas, and the frequent losses on 4q described in gastric cancer prompt speculation about the role of CDC4/FBXW7 in gastric carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the role of CDC4/FBXW7 in gastric cancer, through loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) on 47 flow-sorted gastric carcinomas including early-onset gastric cancers (EOGC) and xenografted conventional gastric carcinomas. Ploidy analysis was carried out on 39 EOGCs and immunohistochemistry of CDC4/FBXW7 and its substrates c-myc, c-jun, Notch and cyclin E was performed on 204 gastric carcinomas using tissue microarrays (TMAs). Sequence analysis of CDC4/FBXW7 was carried out on gastric carcinoma cell lines and xenografts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Loss of heterozygosity of CDC4/FBXW7 occurred in 32% of EOGCs, and correlated with loss of expression in 26%. Loss of expression was frequent in both EOGC and conventional gastric cancers. No CDC4/FBXW7 mutations were found and loss of CDC4/FBXW7 did not correlate with ploidy status. There was a significant correlation between loss of CDC4/FBXW7 expression and upregulation of c-myc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loss of CDC4/FBXW7 appears to play a role in both EOGC and conventional gastric carcinogenesis, and c-myc overexpression is likely to be an important oncogenic consequence of CDC4/FBXW7 loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. a.n.a.milne@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leguit
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Corver
authors.forename: F H M
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Morsink
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: de Leng
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: G J A
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Offerhaus
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002469:Cell Separation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D044783:F-Box Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000073979:F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D044783:F-Box Proteins; D000073979:F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7; C513273:FBXW7 protein, human; C489427:MYC protein, human; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases