title: Improved biochemical outcomes with statin use in patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) and biochemical and survival outcomes after high-dose radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1711 men with clinical stage T1-T3 prostate cancer were treated with conformal RT to a median dose of 81 Gy during 1995-2007. Preradiotherapy medication data were available for 1681 patients. Three hundred eighty-two patients (23%) were taking a statin medication at diagnosis and throughout RT. Nine hundred forty-seven patients received a short-course of neoadjuvant and concurrent androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with RT. The median follow-up was 5.9 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5- and 8-year PSA relapse-free survival (PRFS) rates for statin patients were 89% and 80%, compared with 83% and 74% for those not taking statins (p=0.002). In a multivariate analysis, statin use (hazard ratio [HR] 0.69, p=0.03), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) low-risk group, and ADT use were associated with improved PRFS. Only high-risk patients in the statin group demonstrated improvement in PRFS (HR 0.52, p=0.02). Across all groups, statin use was not associated with improved distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (p=0.51). On multivariate analysis, lower NCCN risk group (p=0.01) and ADT use (p=0.005) predicted improved DMFS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statin use during high-dose RT for clinically localized prostate cancer was associated with a significant improvement in PRFS in high-risk patients. These data suggest that statins have anticancer activity and possibly provide radiosensitization when used in conjunction with RT in the treatment of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Marisa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kollmeier
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Kimberley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: Yoshiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Feder
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Weiji
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zelefsky
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002173:Cancer Care Facilities; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009519:New York City; D011467:Prostate; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen