title: Nucleotide-induced global conformational changes of flagellar dynein arms revealed by in situ analysis.
abstract: Outer and inner dynein arms generate force for the flagellar/ciliary bending motion. Although nucleotide-induced structural change of dynein heavy chains (the ATP-driven motor) was proven in vitro, our lack of knowledge in situ has precluded an understanding of the bending mechanism. Here we reveal nucleotide-induced global structural changes of the outer and inner dynein arms of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagella in situ using electron cryotomography. The ATPase domains of the dynein heavy chains move toward the distal end, and the N-terminal tail bends sharply during product release. This motion could drive the adjacent microtubule to cause a sliding motion. In contrast to in vitro results, in the presence of nucleotides, outer dynein arms coexist as clusters of apo or nucleotide-bound forms in situ. This implies a cooperative switching, which may be related to the mechanism of bending.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tandis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Movassagh
authors.forename: Khanh Huy
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oiwa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D004398:Dyneins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D055032:Electron Microscope Tomography; D005407:Flagella / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008958:Models, Molecular; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011487:Protein Conformation
chemical_list: D020418:Algal Proteins; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004398:Dyneins
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