A key role of the basal ganglia in pain and analgesia--insights gained through human functional imaging.
The basal ganglia (BG) are composed of several nuclei involved in neural processing related to the execution of motor, cognitive and emotional activities. Preclinical and clinical data have implicated a role for these structures in pain processing. Recently neuroimaging has added important information on BG activation in conditions of acute pain, chronic pain and as a result of drug effects. Our current understanding of alterations in cortical and sub-cortical regions in pain suggests that the BG are uniquely involved in thalamo-cortico-BG loops to integrate many aspects of pain. These include the integration of motor, emotional, autonomic and cognitive responses to pain.
Borsook
David
D
PAIN Group, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA. dborsook@partners.org
Upadhyay
Jaymin
J
Chudler
Eric H
EH
Becerra
Lino
L
D000698:Analgesia; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010146:Pain / Q000378:metabolism*
J Neurophysiol. 1999 Oct;82(4):1934-43
10515983
Pain. 2007 Aug;130(3):203-207
17512665
Neurosurgery. 2008 Jun;62(6 Suppl 3):978-85
18695583
Brain Res. 2003 Aug 29;982(2):168-78
12915252
Med Phys. 2009 Feb;36(2):457-63
19291984
Behav Brain Res. 1992 Jun 8;48(2):135-43
1319713
Pain. 1995 Jan;60(1):3-38
7715939
Brain Res Bull. 2009 Feb 16;78(2-3):69-74
18950692
Brain Res. 1975 Nov 7;98(1):119-34
809117
Arch Neurol. 2008 Sep;65(9):1191-4
18779422
Neuroimage. 2006 Apr 15;30(3):692-9
16337817
J Neurosci. 2006 Oct 18;26(42):10646-57
17050704
Epilepsy Res. 2002 Jun;50(1-2):203-19
12151130
Neurosurgery. 2000 Jun;46(6):1535-6
10834662
Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2009 Jan;30(1):41-7
19042040
Brain. 2004 Apr;127(Pt 4):835-43
14960499
Neurology. 2008 Sep 9;71(11):833-40
18779511
C R Biol. 2005 Feb;328(2):177-86
15771004
Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2007 Jun;11(3):201-7
17504647
Neurol Res. 1995 Feb;17(1):38-48
7746342
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Oct 08;(4):CD004844
18843669
Nat Neurosci. 2002 Nov;5(11):1121-2
12368810
Somatosens Mot Res. 2007 Dec;24(4):203-12
18097993
Pain. 2006 Dec 15;126(1-3):79-90
16846694
Int J Neurosci. 1988 Jul;41(1-2):29-34
3045040
Physiol Behav. 1996 Aug;60(2):559-66
8840919
Acta Neurol Scand. 1994 Sep;90(3):167-73
7847056
Neurology. 2007 Aug 28;69(9):827-34
17724284
Neurobiol Dis. 2007 Aug;27(2):220-7
17588764
Anesthesiology. 2006 Jul;105(1):120-7
16810003
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Feb;65(2):220-31
18250260
Childs Nerv Syst. 2002 Aug;18(8):386-404
12192499
J Neurophysiol. 2008 Jun;99(6):3042-51
18287549
Rev Neurol (Paris). 2008 Dec;164(12):969-76
18808769
J Pain Symptom Manage. 1994 Oct;9(7):446-53
7822884
Prog Brain Res. 2000;126:325-41
11105655
Neuroimage. 2005 Aug 1;27(1):201-9
15921935
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009 Jul;51(7):557-62
19018846
Pain. 2009 Mar;142(1-2):149-58
19201092
Neuron. 2005 Sep 15;47(6):787-93
16157274
Expert Rev Neurother. 2006 May;6(5):669-81
16734515
J Neurosci. 2006 Oct 18;26(42):10789-95
17050717
Pain. 2003 Nov;106(1-2):43-8
14581109
Neurology. 2008 Jun 10;70(24):2329-37
18541887
Neuron. 2008 Nov 26;60(4):570-81
19038215
Somatosens Mot Res. 2009 Mar;26(1):1-10
19283551
Neuroimage. 2004 Sep;23(1):224-32
15325369
J Neurophysiol. 2001 Jun;85(6):2602-12
11387404
Brain. 1980 Sep;103(3):525-54
6774795
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 13;102(50):18195-200
16330766
J Neurophysiol. 2004 Jan;91(1):533-41
14715722
Anesth Analg. 2006 Jul;103(1):208-16, table of contents
16790655
Pain. 2008 Sep 15;138(3):641-656
18384958
J Korean Med Sci. 2009 Apr;24(2):311-4
19399276
Neuroreport. 2010 Jan 6;21(1):29-33
19934782
Neuroimage. 2007;37 Suppl 1:S71-9
17644413
Neuron. 2008 Nov 26;60(4):543-54
19038213
Arthritis Rheum. 2002 May;46(5):1333-43
12115241
Acta Biol Hung. 2008 Sep;59(3):269-79
18839694
Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 May;5(5):411-24
16604100
Neuroscience. 2005;136(1):311-22
16404776
Neuroimage. 2010 Feb 1;49(3):2275-86
19854280
Neuron. 2008 Jul 31;59(2):195-206
18667148
Pain. 2009 Sep;145(1-2):252-8
19500908
J Neurol. 2005 Feb;252(2):131-8
15729516
Nat Rev Neurol. 2009 May;5(5):242-3
19488080
Pain. 2007 Aug;130(3):287-293
17499924
J Neurosci. 2008 Jul 9;28(28):7143-52
18614684
J Psychopharmacol. 2007 May;21(3):253-8
17591653
J Neurosci. 2007 Sep 12;27(37):10000-6
17855614
Eur J Pain. 2007 Jan;11(1):7-20
16495096
Synapse. 2002 Jul;45(1):25-30
12112410
Expert Rev Neurother. 2008 May;8(5):781-97
18457535
Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Aug;24(3):917-24
16930419
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 Jan;34(1):50-72
19615404
Pain. 2007 Nov;132 Suppl 1:S109-S116
17587497
Brain Res. 1998 Nov 23;812(1-2):283-8
9813370
Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2004 Oct;16(5):575-87
15500514
Neuron. 2001 Dec 6;32(5):927-46
11738036
Pain. 2006 Nov;125(1-2):89-97
16750298
J Neurosci. 2005 Aug 10;25(32):7333-41
16093383
J Neurosci. 1999 Aug 15;19(16):7175-81
10436070
Med Hypotheses. 2008;71(1):61-4
18410994
Neurosci Lett. 2000 Jul 14;288(2):159-62
10876085
Neuroscience. 2008 Apr 22;153(1):268-78
18367341
Neuroimage. 2003 Nov;20(3):1540-51
14642466
Brain Res. 1995 Mar 13;674(1):33-45
7773693
Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2004 Jul;10(5):293-6
15196508
Brain Res. 1989 Sep 11;497(1):149-54
2790450
Nat Neurosci. 2004 Dec;7(12):1370-5
15558064
J Neurosci. 2006 Apr 19;26(16):4437-43
16624963
Neuroimage. 2006 Jun;31(2):661-9
16459107
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 1998 Jul-Sep;70(1-2):119-36
9753592
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2008;31:359-87
18558860
Neurosci Res. 2005 May;52(1):31-6
15811550
Pain Med. 2004 Dec;5(4):359-65
15563321
Clin Neurosci. 1998;5(2):63-72
10785830
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2005 Dec;15(6):638-44
16271465
Brain. 2008 Jul;131(Pt 7):1854-79
18567621
Anesthesiology. 2007 Mar;106(3):548-56
17325514
Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2001 Dec;41(12):1076-8
12235800
Neurology. 2004 Jun 22;62(12):2171-5
15210877
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2009 Dec;8(6):403-21
19839937
Brain Res. 1997 Mar 14;751(1):1-12
9098562
Pain. 2008 Dec;140(3):411-419
18930351
Crit Rev Neurobiol. 1990;5(4):363-97
2204486
Neurology. 2007 Dec 4;69(23):2162-9
18056580
J Neurosci. 2008 Nov 5;28(45):11642-9
18987200
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Oct;73(4):395-9
12235307
Neuroimage. 2007 May 15;36(1):256-67
17400480
Trends Neurosci. 2003 Dec;26(12):696-705
14624855
J Neurosci. 2007 Mar 28;27(13):3388-94
17392455
J Neurosci. 2009 Mar 4;29(9):2915-25
19261887
Eur J Neurosci. 1999 Mar;11(3):874-88
10103081
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009 Feb;34(3):759-66
18754005
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 4;106(31):13016-21
19651613
J Neurosci. 2009 May 13;29(19):6336-47
19439610
Pain. 2000 Sep;87(3):295-302
10963909
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008 Mar;102(4):371-80
17960416
Brain Res. 1992 Jun 26;583(1-2):292-5
1504835
Neurosci Lett. 1991 Jan 28;122(2):257-60
1709264
Proc Biol Sci. 1991 Apr 22;244(1309):39-44
1677194
J Comp Neurol. 2002 Jun 3;447(3):286-99
11984822
Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Oct 1;500(1-3):187-92
15464032
Mov Disord. 2009 Jan 30;24(2):314-6; author reply 316
18973259
Neuroscience. 1999;89(4):1009-23
10362291
Rev Neurosci. 2007;18(3-4):173-90
18019605
Anesth Analg. 1996 Jun;82(6):1247-51
8638799
Neurosci Lett. 2006 Jan 16;392(3):159-64
16257488
Exp Neurol. 2004 Jul;188(1):139-48
15191810
Eur J Neurosci. 2007 Jun;25(12):3576-82
17610577
Exp Neurol. 2006 Jan;197(1):22-30
15996657
Nat Neurosci. 2009 Jan;12(1):32-4
19029888
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;64(1):76-85
17199057
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Mar;1156:198-210
19338509
Perspect Biol Med. 2005 Spring;48(2):248-65
15834197
Neuroimage. 2005 Mar;25(1):312-9
15734365
Neuroimage. 2007 Jan 1;34(1):310-21
17055297
Arch Neurol. 2003 Mar;60(3):351-5
12633146
Int J Neurosci. 2007 Jul;117(7):1011-27
17613111
Mol Pain. 2008 Oct 25;4:47
18950528
Anesth Analg. 1997 Jan;84(1):120-6
8989012
Neuroimage. 2009 Jan 15;44(2):502-8
18848998
Neurosci Lett. 2002 Dec 25;335(2):119-23
12459513
Neurosci Lett. 2000 Mar 31;283(1):17-20
10729623
J Neurophysiol. 2004 Jun;91(6):2723-33
15136603
Adv Neurol. 1997;74:3-18
9348398
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1995 Aug;58(2):165-73
7648766
Cereb Cortex. 2004 Dec;14(12):1340-5
15217895
J Neurosci. 2009 Jun 3;29(22):7364-78
19494158
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1999 Dec;23(8):1059-78
10643817
Brain Res. 2008 Oct 31;1238:215-23
18761334
Clin Drug Investig. 2004;24(7):373-84
17516724
Neurosurgery. 2000 Feb;46(2):344-53; discussion 353-5
10690723
Peptides. 2001 Jul;22(7):1079-83
11445237
Eur J Neurosci. 2004 Sep;20(6):1587-92
15355325
Expert Rev Neurother. 2008 May;8(5):799-808
18457536
Trends Neurosci. 2005 Aug;28(8):401-7
15982753
J Neurophysiol. 1998 Dec;80(6):3326-30
9862926
Pain. 2001 Feb 15;90(3):257-260
11207397
Neurosci Lett. 2005 Mar 16;376(3):149-53
15721212
J Neurosci. 2008 Dec 24;28(52):14311-9
19109512
Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):369-76
11159877
Pain. 2002 Sep;99(1-2):313-21
12237210
J Neural Transm. 1981;51(3-4):213-22
7288429
J Neurophysiol. 2003 Jun;89(6):3294-303
12611986
Neurosci Lett. 2008 Jul 4;439(1):7-12
18502045
Neuron. 1997 Sep;19(3):591-611
9331351
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 Apr;66(4):442-51
19349314
Unfallchirurg. 1994 Dec;97(12):661-2
7855614
Pain Med. 2015 Dec;16(12):2368-85
26745152
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jan 8;99(1):523-8
11756669
Brain Res. 2008 Jun 5;1213:41-7
18456244
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009;2009:3473-6
19964989
Brain Res Bull. 2009 Feb 16;78(2-3):122-30
18957319
Life Sci. 1999;65(22):2269-87
10597883
J Neurophysiol. 1992 Aug;68(2):551-69
1527575