Molecular characterization and differential expression of beta-1,3-glucanase during ripening in banana fruit in response to ethylene, auxin, ABA, wounding, cold and light-dark cycles.
beta-1,3-Glucanases (E.C. 3.2.1.39) are widely distributed enzyme among bacteria, fungi, and higher plants. Analyses of accumulation levels of beta-1,3-glucanase protein in various tissues in banana have clearly indicated abundance of beta-1,3-glucanase protein accumulation in ripe pulp tissue. After cloning of beta-1,3-glucanase from banana pulp (cultivar Cavendish), we have carried out an in silico analysis to investigate the sequential, structural, and phylogenetic characteristics of the putative banana beta-1,3-glucanase protein. As like other ripening specific genes, beta-1,3-glucanase is regulated in response to a wide variety of factors. Therefore, we have analyzed the transcript accumulation pattern and protein levels of beta-1,3-glucanase in response to ethylene, auxin, ABA, wounding and, low temperature in preclimacteric banana fruit. Expression profile analyses have indicated that whereas exogenous application of ethylene strongly stimulated beta-1,3-glucanase transcript accumulation, ABA partially induced the expression of the gene. On the other hand, wound treatment did not induce beta-1,3-glucanase expression. Conversely, auxin and cold treatment negatively regulated beta-1,3-glucanase gene expression and thus inhibited glucanase activity. In addition, beta-1,3-glucanase transcript level was markedly decreased by constant exposure to white light. Protein level and enzymatic activity of beta-1,3-glucanase were substantially increased with considerable decrease in fruit firmness by ethylene treatment and reduced exposure to white light conditions as compared with other treatments. Together, the overall study of beta-1,3-glucanase expression pattern, glucanase activity, and changes in fruit firmness during ripening in various conditions suggest the possible physiological function of beta-1,3-glucanase in fruit pulp softening.
Roy Choudhury
Swarup
S
Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 009, India. src.bose@gmail.com
Roy
Sujit
S
Singh
Sanjay Kumar
SK
Sengupta
Dibyendu N
DN
D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000201:enzymology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D043326:Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D028521:Musa / Q000201:enzymology*; D017440:Photoperiod; D010802:Phylogeny; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013312:Stress, Physiological
D005030:Ethylenes; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D018749:RNA, Plant; D000040:Abscisic Acid; C036216:ethylene; D043326:Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase
EMBO J. 1990 Nov;9(11):3429-36
2120041
Planta. 2004 Nov;220(1):129-39
15278454
Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54
942051
Plant Cell Rep. 2009 Nov;28(11):1641-53
19697038
Plant Cell. 1989 Apr;1(4):447-457
12359894
Mol Biol Evol. 2007 Aug;24(8):1596-9
17488738
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jul 18;92(15):7090-4
7624375
Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Jun 11;14(11):4683-90
3714490
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(18):6820-4
2428042
Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Jan 10;14(1):327-34
3753771
Plant Physiol. 1999 Dec;121(4):1257-66
10594112
Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5
5432063
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jan;84(1):89-93
16593796
Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 2001 Jun;52:725-749
11337414
Planta. 1997;201(2):189-94
9084217
J Plant Physiol. 2006 Sep;163(9):956-67
16949959
Science. 2001 Oct 5;294(5540):154-8
11509693
J Biol Chem. 1997 Dec 12;272(50):31258-64
9395451
Plant Physiol. 1997 Jul;114(3):1071-6
9232883
Plant Mol Biol. 2002 May;49(2):171-86
11999373
J Plant Physiol. 2008 Dec;165(18):1865-78
18554749
Plant Physiol. 1998 Dec;118(4):1431-8
9847118
Plant Mol Biol. 1994 Dec;26(5):1579-97
7858205
Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Jan 1;31(1):383-7
12520028
J Exp Bot. 2004 Sep;55(405):2029-39
15286150
Eur J Biochem. 2000 Feb;267(4):1188-95
10672030
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Mar 29;91(7):2785-9
8146192
Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Sep 1;25(17):3389-402
9254694
Plant Cell. 1995 Feb;7(2):173-82
7756828
Plant Physiol. 1971 Jan;47(1):129-34
16657567
J Exp Bot. 2000 Aug;51(349):1381-7
10944151
Planta. 1986 Feb;167(2):206-11
24241852
Plant Cell Rep. 2008 Jul;27(7):1235-49
18449546
Plant Physiol. 1993 Sep;103(1):227-234
12231929
Plant J. 1993 Dec;4(6):1023-33
8281185
J Plant Growth Regul. 2000 Mar;19(1):106-111
11010997
Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80
7984417
Proteins. 2008 Jan 1;70(1):208-17
17657805
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 May 26;95(11):5857-64
9600884
Bioinformatics. 2004 May 22;20(8):1322-4
14871869