title: Cloning and characterization of a gene cluster for hatomarubigin biosynthesis in Streptomyces sp. strain 2238-SVT4.
abstract: Streptomyces sp. strain 2238-SVT4 produces hatomarubigins A, B, C, and D, which belong to the angucycline family. Among them, hatomarubigin D has a unique dimeric structure with a methylene linkage. PCR using aromatase and cyclase gene-specific primers identified the hrb gene cluster for angucycline biosynthesis in Streptomyces sp. 2238-SVT4. The cluster consisted of 30 open reading frames, including those for the minimal polyketide synthase, ketoreductase, aromatase, cyclase, O-methyltransferase, oxidoreductase, and oxygenase genes. Expression of a part of the gene cluster containing hrbR1 to hrbX in Streptomyces lividans TK23 resulted in the production of hatomarubigins A, B, and C. Hatomarubigin D was obtained from the conversion of hatomarubigin C by a purified enzyme encoded by hrbY, among the remaining genes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hirashima
authors.forename: Tomoka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruta
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Maho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; C072148:hatomarubigin B; C072152:hatomarubigin C; C072153:hatomarubigin D; C072147:hatomarubigin A
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