title: An adult male patient with multiple adenomas and a hepatocellular carcinoma: mild glycogen storage disease type Ia.
abstract: The development of hepatocellular adenomas and - more rarely - carcinoma in the liver of patients with Glycogen Storage Disease type Ia (GSDIa) is a well-known complication of the disease. The pathophysiology of adenoma and carcinoma development in these patients is, however, hitherto largely unknown and is thought to be related to the metabolic control of the patient and/or the type of mutations in the G6PC gene. We report here on a very illustrative case of adenoma and carcinoma formation in a previously undiagnosed 42 year old male GSDIa patient (enzymatically and genetically proven). He had two episodes of mild hypoglycaemia in childhood, never required formal treatment, showed normal growth, and only mild lactate increases after prolonged starvation. He was a long-distance runner for most of his adult life, without the need for more than normal carbohydrate intake before/during exertion. To gain a better view on the type of adenoma formed in this patient, molecular studies were performed. We show here that in this patient with mild GSDIa without recurrent hypoglycaemic episodes, adenoma and carcinoma formation still occurred and that malignant transformation of adenoma here is associated with CTNNB1 mutations and a typical mRNA profile of a beta-catenin activated lesion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium. David.cassiman@uzleuven.be
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cassiman
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Libbrecht
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verslype
authors.forename: Wouter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meersseman
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Troisi
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zucman-Rossi
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Vlierberghe
mesh_terms: D018248:Adenoma, Liver Cell / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics; D005953:Glycogen Storage Disease Type I / Q000150:complications* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D051176:beta Catenin; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase