Th1/Th2/Th17 and regulatory T-cell paradigm in pregnancy.
T-helper (Th) cells play a central role in modulating immune responses. The Th1/Th2 paradigm has now developed into the new Th1/Th2/Th17 paradigm. In addition to effector cells, Th cells are regulated by regulatory T (Treg) cells. Their capacity to produce cytokines is suppressed by immunoregulatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and interleukin (IL)-10 or by cell-to-cell interaction. Here, we will review the immunological environment in normal pregnancy and complicated pregnancy, such as implantation failure, abortion, preterm labor, and preeclampsia from the viewpoint of the new Th1/Th2/Th17 and Treg paradigms.
Saito
Shigeru
S
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan. s30saito@med.u-toyama.ac.jp
Nakashima
Akitoshi
A
Shima
Tomoko
T
Ito
Mika
M
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; D020381:Interleukin-17; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta