title: Glucosamine promotes osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells through modulating the level of the transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor.
abstract: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are clonogenic, self-renewing, and multi-potential DPSCs capable of differentiating into osteoblasts. In this study, primary cell cultures were obtained from human dental pulp tissue of developing third molars, and flow cytometry was used to sort the subpopulation of DPSCs with STRO-1 and CD146 double-positive expression (denoted "DPSCs"). It was noted that DPSCs exhibited superior clonogenic potential and osteogenic differentiation capability than the dental pulp cell subpopulation with STRO-1 and CD146 double-negative expression (denoted DPCs). Furthermore, a low concentration (0.005 mg/ml) of exogenous glucosamine (GlcN) was effective in promoting the early osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs through the transforming growth factor-beta receptor (TGF-betar) type I and Smads signal pathways, which upregulated the Runt-related transcription factor 2/core-binding factor alpha1 (Runx2/Cbfa1) and alkaline phosphatase at both the mRNA and protein levels. In the presence of osteogenic supplements, GlcN-treated DPSCs produced more mineralized-matrix deposition than did the untreated groups. Taken together, this study demonstrates the capacity of GlcN to promote the osteogenic differentiation of human DPSCs, and the underlying mechanism involves a TGF-betar-dependent Smad signal pathway.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Hsun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wan-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Chung-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Jiiang-Huei
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeng
authors.forename: Tai-Horng
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Yi-Jane
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C497782:SMAD2 protein, human; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D005944:Glucosamine