title: Perceived reciprocity in social exchange and health functioning in early old age: prospective findings from the GAZEL study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess prospectively the effects of perceived non-reciprocity of exchange in three different types of social engagement on health functioning in early old age.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the frame of the prospective French GAZEL cohort study, data on reciprocity in three types of role-related social engagement (principal regular activity in everyday life, marital role relationship, trusting relationships in civic life) were collected from 8679 men and 2742 women (mean age: 60.4 years) in 2005. Two years later, health functioning was assessed using the SF-36 mental and physical component scores, as well as self-perceived health. Multivariate regressions were calculated, controlling for important confounders including baseline self-perceived health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent effects of perceived non-reciprocity in all three types of social exchange on mental and physical health functioning were observed. After adjustment for relevant confounders including baseline self-perceived, health effects were attenuated, but largely remained significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings underline the importance of the quality of social exchange (reciprocity vs. non-reciprocity) for health functioning in early old age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sociology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. wahrendorf@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wahrendorf
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ribet
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zins
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siegrist
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
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