title: Serum cholinesterase activities distinguish between stroke patients and controls and predict 12-month mortality.
abstract: To date there is no diagnostic biomarker for mild stroke, although elevation of inflammatory biomarkers has been reported at early stages. Previous studies implicated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) involvement in stroke, and circulating AChE activity reflects inflammatory response, since acetylcholine suppresses inflammation. Therefore, carriers of polymorphisms that modify cholinergic activity should be particularly susceptible to inflammatory damage. Our study sought diagnostic values of AChE and Cholinergic Status (CS, the total capacity for acetylcholine hydrolysis) in suspected stroke patients. For this purpose, serum cholinesterase activities, butyrylcholinesterase-K genotype and inflammatory biomarkers were determined in 264 ischemic stroke patients and matched controls during the acute phase. AChE activities were lower (P<0.001), and butyrylcholinesterase activities were higher in patients than in controls (P=0.004). When normalized to sampling time from stroke occurrence, both cholinergic parameters were correlated with multiple inflammatory biomarkers, including fibrinogen, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein (r=0.713, r=0.607; r=0.421, r=0.341; r=0.276, r=0.255; respectively; all P values<0.001). Furthermore, very low AChE activities predicted subsequent nonsurvival (P=0.036). Also, carriers of the unstable butyrylcholinesterase-K variant were more abundant among patients than controls, and showed reduced activity (P<0.001). Importantly, a cholinergic score combining the two cholinesterase activities discriminated between 94.3% matched pairs of patients and controls, compared with only 75% for inflammatory measures. Our findings present the power of circulation cholinesterase measurements as useful early diagnostic tools for the occurrence of stroke. Importantly, these were considerably more distinctive than the inflammatory biomarkers, albeit closely associated with them, which may open new venues for stroke diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Internal Medicine D, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Einor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ben Assayag
authors.forename: Shani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shenhar-Tsarfaty
authors.forename: Keren
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ofek
authors.forename: Lilach
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soreq
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bova
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shopin
authors.forename: Ronan M G
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berliner
authors.forename: Itzhak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shapira
authors.forename: Natan M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Bornstein
authors.forename: Hermona
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soreq
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000097:blood; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019295:Computational Biology; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D000109:Acetylcholine
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