title: Dynamic hyperinflation after metronome-paced hyperventilation in COPD--a 2 year follow-up.
abstract: In contrast to the decline in FEV(1), the behavior of dynamic hyperinflation (DH) over time is unknown in patients with COPD. Metronome-paced hyperventilation (MPH) is a simple applicable surrogate for exercise to detect DH.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate changes in MPH-induced DH during two years follow-up in mild-to-severe COPD patients. Additionally, influence of smoking status on DH and the relation between DH and other lung function parameters were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were recruited from a randomized controlled trial conducted in general practice. Measurements of lung function and DH were performed at baseline and after 12 and 24 months. DH was assessed by MPH with breathing frequency set at twice the baseline rate. Change in inspiratory capacity after MPH was used to reflect change in end-expiratory lung volume and therefore DH, presuming constant total lung capacity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 68 patients completed all measurements. DH increased by 0.23±0.06L (p≤0.001). No significant changes in FEV(1) %pred were seen. Smokers had lower FEV(1) and a more rapid decline than non-smokers. DH in smokers increased more over time compared to non-smokers. The amount of DH correlated positively with resting inspiratory capacity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After two years, a significant increase in MPH-induced DH in COPD patients was demonstrated, which was not accompanied by a decline in FEV(1). It might be that DH is a sensitive measure to track consequences of changes in airflow obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. J.Hannink@LONG.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Jorien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hannink
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lahaije
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: Hanneke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Helvoort
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dekhuijzen
authors.forename: Tjard
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schermer
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Heijdra
mesh_terms: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006985:Hyperventilation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents