DATE: Depressed adolescents treated with exercise: Study rationale and design for a pilot study.
There is an important need for non-medication interventions for depressed youth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using a standardized aerobic exercise regime to treat non-medicated clinically depressed adolescents based on adherence and completion rates, including 1) establishing effect sizes for the primary outcomes including the Chidren's Depression Rating Scale - Revised (CDRS-R) and Actical (energy expenditure data) as well as selected secondary outcomes; (e.g., Clinical Global Improvement, depression rating scales, exercise logs, attitudes), and 2) determining whether moderate to strenuous exercise (12 kcal/kg/week [KKW]) versus a control stretching activity (<4 KKW) for 12 weeks leads to a clinically meaningful reduction in depressive symptoms and/or improved psychosocial functioning. The challenge is to develop an exercise intervention that can motivate a typically sedentary depressed adolescent to exercise on a regular basis. The goal is to demonstrate that exercise alone can provide an important and effective non-medication intervention for adolescent depression. This paper reports on the rationale and design of a pilot study which aims to inform the design of a larger trial to evaluate the efficacy of aerobic exercise to treat adolescent depression. After describing the case for exercise within the broader context of the prevalence of adolescent depression and other treatments, the paper describes the intervention and procedures for data collection.
Hughes
Carroll W
CW
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8589, USA.
Trivedi
Madhukar H
MH
Cleaver
Joseph
J
Greer
Tracy L
TL
Emslie
Graham J
GJ
Kennard
Beth
B
Dorman
Shauna
S
Bain
Tyson
T
Dubreuil
Judy
J
Barnes
Conrad
C
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997 Jul;36(7):980-8
9204677
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Jan;38(1):173-8
16394971
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997 Nov;54(11):1031-7
9366660
Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Sep;164(9):1356-63
17728420
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006 Aug;63(8):865-72
16894062
Am J Prev Med. 2005 Jan;28(1):1-8
15626549
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(5):377-81
7154893
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999 Mar;38(3):263-70; discussion 270-1
10087687
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002 Oct;41(10):1205-15
12364842
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jul 08;(3):CD004366
19588354
Control Clin Trials. 2002 Oct;23(5):584-603
12392873
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Jun;46(6):667-686
17513980
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Sep;46(9):1204-1212
17712244
Eval Program Plann. 1983;6(3-4):299-313
10267258
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Feb;36(2):336-44
14767260
Psychiatr Serv. 2006 Jun;57(6):829-37
16754760
Med J Aust. 2006 Oct 2;185(7):368-72
17014404
Prev Med. 1987 Nov;16(6):825-36
3432232
Depress Anxiety. 1998;7(1):32-9
9592630
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jul 19;(3):CD004691
16856055
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995 May;34(5):599-611
7775355
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005 Jun;60(6):768-76
15983181
Clin Trials. 2006;3(3):291-305
16895046
Res Q Exerc Sport. 1992 Mar;63(1):60-6
1574662
Biol Psychiatry. 2001 Jun 15;49(12):1091-100
11430851
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996 Apr;53(4):339-48
8634012
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2006 Feb-Apr;16(1-2):11-24
16553525
JAMA. 2004 Aug 18;292(7):807-20
15315995
Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Mar 15;59(6):493-501
16199008
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000 Jan;57(1):29-36
10632230
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2000 Nov;55(6):S352-6
11078112
Depress Anxiety. 1998;8 Suppl 1:13-7
9809209
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983 Nov;40(11):1228-31
6639293
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Jul;28(7):840-51
8832538
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1976 Sep;33(9):1111-5
962494
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994 Nov-Dec;33(9):1289-98
7995795
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995 May;34(5):566-78
7775352
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1980 Dec;168(12):736-40
7452212