title: Peak body temperature predicts mortality in critically ill patients without cerebral damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients without cerebral damage is associated with fever manifestation and characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients admitted to a medical-surgical ICU between October 2005 and July 2006 were prospectively studied. Exclusion criteria were acute brain injury, intracerebral/subarachnoid hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and brain surgery. An ear-based or axillary thermometer was used to measure body temperature. The association between fever (ear-based temperature, >38.3 degrees C), fever characteristics, and ICU mortality was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and thirty-nine patients were enrolled. Fever was not associated with ICU mortality after adjustment for confounding patient factors. A significant dose-response increase of ICU mortality according to 1 degree C increments of peak body temperature was demonstrated, whereas peak body temperature was an independent predictor of ICU mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings imply that, although fever is not generally associated with mortality in patients without cerebral damage, it can be harmful and should be suppressed when it becomes very high. Rigorous clinical trials are needed to help establish antipyretic therapy guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Patras University Hospital, Patras, Greece. kiekkpan@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kiekkas
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Velissaris
authors.forename: Menelaos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karanikolas
authors.forename: Diamanto
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aretha
authors.forename: Adamantios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samios
authors.forename: Chrisula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Skartsani
authors.forename: George I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Baltopoulos
authors.forename: Kriton S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Filos
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000368:Aged; D001831:Body Temperature; D001927:Brain Diseases; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors