title: Reproduction beyond menopause: how old is too old for assisted reproductive technology?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the recent media attention on postmenopausal women giving birth, there has been an increased scrutiny on the utility and safety of assisted reproductive technology in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this commentary is to discuss the following: 1) the limitations and complications of ART in women of advanced reproductive age; 2) the balance between the welfare of the mother and that of the child; 3) the double standards of advanced reproductive age; and 4) the importance of financial and social support systems and preconception counseling with advanced reproductive age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When providing in-vitro fertilization services to women of advanced reproductive age, special considerations must be given to ensure the welfare of mother and the child and that the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence are guaranteed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555-0587, USA. dabanh@utmb.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Banh
authors.forename: Dara L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Havemann
authors.forename: John Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Phelps
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States
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