title: Prevalence and risk factors for significant liver fibrosis among HIV-monoinfected patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HIV-monoinfected patients may be at risk for significant liver fibrosis, but its prevalence and determinants in these patients are unknown. Since HIV-monoinfected patients do not routinely undergo liver biopsy, we evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of significant hepatic fibrosis in this group using the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study among HIV-infected patients negative for hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C antibody in the Penn Center for AIDS Research Adult/Adolescent Database. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from the database at enrollment. Hypothesized determinants of significant fibrosis were modifiable risk factors associated with liver disease progression, hepatic fibrosis, or hepatotoxicity, including immune dysfunction (i.e., CD4 T lymphocyte count <200 cells/mm(3), HIV viremia), diseases associated with hepatic steatosis (e.g., obesity, diabetes mellitus), and use of antiretroviral therapy. The primary outcome was an APRI score >1.5, which suggests significant hepatic fibrosis. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent risk factors for significant fibrosis by APRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 432 HIV-monoinfected patients enrolled in the CFAR Database between November 1999 and May 2008, significant fibrosis by APRI was identified in 36 (8.3%; 95% CI, 5.9-11.4%) patients. After controlling for all other hypothesized risk factors as well as active alcohol use and site, detectable HIV viremia (adjusted OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.02-8.87) and diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.12-10.10) remained associated with significant fibrosis by APRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant fibrosis by APRI score was found in 8% of HIV-monoinfected patients. Detectable HIV viremia and diabetes mellitus were associated with significant fibrosis. Future studies should explore mechanisms for fibrosis in HIV-monoinfected patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DallaPiazza
authors.forename: Valerianna K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Amorosa
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Localio
authors.forename: Jay R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kostman
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lo Re
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010976:Platelet Count; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases
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