title: Partial intravenous anaesthesia in 5 horses using ketamine, lidocaine, medetomidine and halothane.
abstract: A partial intravenous protocol was used successfully to maintain anaesthesia in 5 healthy horses. Horses were premedicated with acepromazine, romifidine and butorphanol, induced with guaifenesin and ketamine and maintained on a constant rate infusion of lidocaine, ketamine and medetomidine together with halothane inhalation anaesthesia. Mean end-tidal halothane concentration to maintain a surgical plane of anaesthesia was 0.8 +/- 0.2%. Mean dobutamine requirement to maintain mean arterial pressure above 9.31 kPa was 0.42 +/- 0.3 microg/kg/min. The administration of relatively low doses of lidocaine, ketamine and medetomidine together with halothane resulted in haemodynamically stable anaesthesia, followed by smooth recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kruger
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Stegmann
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006140:Guaifenesin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006221:Halothane / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D007093:Imidazoles; D006140:Guaifenesin; D000075:Acepromazine; D007649:Ketamine; C076257:romifidine; D008012:Lidocaine; D020926:Medetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol; D006221:Halothane