title: Atheromatosis extent in coronary artery disease is not correlated with apolipoprotein-E polymorphism and its plasma levels, but associated with cognitive decline.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apolipoprotein-E (apoE) ε4 allele is a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Polymorphism of apoE is also one of the most important genetic markers for coronary artery disease (CAD). The allelic variation in the apoE gene has a significant effect on inter-individual variation of lipids and lipoprotein plasma levels as well. This study investigated whether apoE polymorphism affects the plasma levels of apoE and the possible association to CAD extent and cognitive functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma apoE levels and apoE genotypes were evaluated of subjects with normal coronary arteries, and individuals with angiographycally confirmed mild/moderate or severe atheromatosis. The cognitive performance of the volunteers was also measured by mini-mental state examination (MMSE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 6 expected genotypes, only 5 were detected in participants: E3/3 (56.0%), E3/4 (23.6%), E4/4 (8.2%), E2/4 (3.3%), E2/3 (8.9%). The ε3 allele (72%) was the most frequent, followed by ε4 (22%) and ε2 (6%). No difference was found in plasma levels of either apoE or in apoE genotype frequencies among the groups, however MMSE scores of CAD patients irrespective of their atheromatosis extent were significantly lower than that seen in the normal population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although neither apoE plasma levels, nor apoE polymorphism in patients presenting with mild/moderate or severe atheromatosis showed to be associated with CAD severity, the presence of atheromatosis in the heart vessels positively correlated with cognitive dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: M d G
authors.initials: Md
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: C P d F
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.forename: J C F
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Janka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palotás
authors.forename: M d O
authors.initials: Md
authors.lastname: Sousa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins