title: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachyarrhythmia under navigation using EnSite array.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  EnSite array (EA) provides virtual activation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and premature ventricular contraction (PVC) on a beat-to-beat basis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five consecutive patients (age 52+/-16 years) with 79 VTs/PVCs undergoing EA-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) were studied, of whom 7 patients had organic heart diseases. A virtual activation map showed that 66 VTs/PVCs originated from the right ventricle (RV), including the RV outflow tract in 57, lateral wall of RV in 4, His bundle region in 3 and tricuspid annulus in 2. Ten VTs/PVCs originated from the left ventricle (LV), including the LV endocardium in 7 and aortic sinus cusp in 3. The origins of 3 PVCs, one each in 3 patients, were not identified. Six of 38 VTs were sustained and the remaining 32 VTs were non-sustained. RFA eliminated all but 3 focal PVCs, and all macroreentrant VTs at a critical conducting pathway, which was identified by the combined use of contact voltage and virtual activation maps. There were 11+/-9 applications, and the radiofrequency energy and fluoroscopy time were 11,354+/-13,360 J and 30+/-21 min, respectively. All patients with acute success were free of any symptoms during a follow up of 21+/-11 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EA-guided RFA is safe and effective for VT/PVC, irrespective of its origin, mechanism, sustainability, hemodynamic condition, and underlying heart disease.
authors.affiliation: EP Expert Doctors-Team Tsuchiya, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Sumito
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: Yasutsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagamoto
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanioka
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018879:Ventricular Premature Complexes