title: Fenton's oxidation process for phenolic wastewater remediation and biodegradability enhancement.
abstract: A mixture of six phenolic acids, corresponding to an initial TOC of 370 mgC/L, was studied by Fenton's peroxidation aiming to improve the biodegradability of agro-industrial wastewaters. Input operating variables including the concentration of pollutants, iron and hydrogen peroxide as well as the reaction time were used to assess the mineralization degree through a factorial experimental methodology. A TOC removal in the range of 15.0-58.8% was attained within the operational conditions used. A reduced model was achieved using the statistically important independent factors and interactions to predict TOC degradation. On the hydrogen peroxide injection methodology, the results showed that the continuous introduction of small volumes is advantageous when compared with one single addition of the overall volume at the zero reaction time with a mineralization improvement of 11%. The use of FeSO(4).7H(2)O correspondent to a Fe(2+) load of 271 mg; [H(2)O(2)]=488.0 mM, injected in twelve aliquots each 30 min during 6h of reaction reached optimal efficiencies with the parent compounds (quantified by HPLC and the Folin-Ciocalteau method) quickly totally removed and TOC, COD and BOD(5) final values of 123 mgC/L, 180 mgO(2)/L and 146 mgO(2)/L, respectively. Toxicity assessment by Vibrio fischeri light inhibition revealed that Fenton's process reduces the effluent ecological impact related with the decomposition of the toxic phenolic acids. Indeed, EC(50) changed from 32.2% dilution to no-dilution needed. The analysis of BOD(5)/COD ratio pointed out a high improvement of the treated wastewater biodegradability from 0.30 to 0.80 meaning that the application of Fenton's oxidation as a pre-treatment enables a further application of an efficient post-biological technology which was also confirmed by respirometry.
authors.affiliation: Group on Environment, Reaction and Separation Engineering (GERSE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Pólo II-Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal. martins@eq.uc.pt
authors.forename: Rui C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: André F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Quinta-Ferreira
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical