title: Clustering of cases of type 1 diabetes in high socioeconomic communes in Santiago de Chile: spatio-temporal and geographical analysis.
abstract: The objective of this study was to describe spatial and space-time patterns of type 1 diabetes in children less than 15 years old, diagnosed between 2000 and 2005 with residence in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. Knox and Mantel tests were used to detect space-time interaction between cases. An ecological Bayesian model adjusted by socioeconomic factor and year was proposed to estimate the incidence by communes. Initially, there was no space-time interaction between cases, but there is evidence of clustering effect in urban areas of the region. The incidence rate for the overall study period was estimated by 6.18/100,000 (95% CI: 5.69-6.70), with a significant annual trend of 8.2% (P < 0.01). The geographical incidence could be explained by the human development index, as a socioeconomic factor. These results suggest that children living in communes with higher socioeconomic levels may be at higher risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Our findings support the hypothesis of an aetiological role of environmental factors in the onset of type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Matemática y Computación, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torres-Avilés
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Icaza
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pérez-Bravo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012923:Social Class; D013997:Time Factors