title: Evidence based practice and its critics: what is a nurse manager to do?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose is to discuss the arguments against the evidence based practice (EBP) movement and suggest how nursing management might respond.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  EBP is a pervasive approach to directing and regulating nursing care. There are, however, fierce critics who argue that it is fundamentally flawed and detrimental to patient care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We consider some of the more radical criticisms of EBP, weighing the arguments and reflecting on the extent to which alleged short-comings are supported in the literature. Postmodernist critics are amongst the most vocal and are therefore our principal focus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  'Best evidence' implies a hierarchical approach to knowledge which excludes other forms of evidence that are needed to understand the complexity of care. Evidence based guidelines tend to stifle critical thinking amongst nurses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While EBP is increasingly open to a range of research methodologies, it still largely subscribes to a hierarchy of evidence, even though this approach to addressing the complexities of healthcare is limiting. Although the EBP approach can be shown to stifle critical thinking, this is not inherent to the approach, which can lend itself to supporting professional nursing practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nursing managers should neither abandon EBP nor accept it uncritically.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, 10 Malone Road, Belfast, UK. p.ohalloran@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Halloran
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Bronagh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Blackwood
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D034462:Dissent and Disputes; D055318:Evidence-Based Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D009718:Nurse Administrators; D009745:Nursing, Supervisory; D005791:Patient Care; D010687:Philosophy, Nursing; D011787:Quality of Health Care