title: Modified COMS plaques for 125I and 103Pd iris melanoma brachytherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Novel plaques are used to treat iris melanoma at the Mayo Clinic Rochester. The plaques are a modification of the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) 22 mm plaque design with a gold alloy backing, outer lip, and silicone polymer insert. An inner lip surrounds a 10 mm diameter cutout region at the plaque center. Plaques span 360°, 270°, and 180° arcs. This article describes dosimetry for these plaques and others used in the treatment of anterior eye melanomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EGSnrc user-code BrachyDose is used to perform Monte Carlo simulations. Plaques and seeds are fully modeled. Three-dimensional dose distributions for different plaque models, TG-43 calculations, and (125)I (model 6711) and (103)Pd (model 200) seeds are compared via depth-dose curves, tabulation of doses at points of interest, and isodose contours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Doses at points of interest differ by up to 70% from TG-43 calculations. The inner lip reduces corneal doses. Matching plaque arc length to tumor extent reduces doses to eye regions outside the treatment area. Maintaining the same prescription dose, (103)Pd offers lower doses to critical structures than (125)I, with the exception of the sclera adjacent to the plaque.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Mayo Clinic plaques offer several advantages for anterior eye tumor treatments. Doses to regions outside the treatment area are significantly reduced. Doses differ considerably from TG-43 predictions, illustrating the importance of complete Monte Carlo simulations. Calculations take a few minutes on a single CPU, making BrachyDose sufficiently fast for routine clinical treatment planning.
authors.affiliation: Ottawa Carleton Institute of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. rthomson@physics.carleton.ca
authors.forename: Rowan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Keith M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Furutani
authors.forename: Jose S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pulido
authors.forename: Scott L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: D W O
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015811:Iris Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010165:Palladium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D010165:Palladium