title: Expression of leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF/POKEMON) in human breast carcinoma and other cancers.
abstract: The POK family of proteins plays an important role in not only embryonic development and cell differentiation, but also in oncogenesis. Leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF) belongs to the POK family of transcriptional repressors and is also known as POK erythroid myeloid ontogenic factor (POKEMON), which binds to short transcripts of HIV-1 (FBI-1) and TTF-1 interacting peptide (TIP21). Its oncogenic role is known only in lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and malignant gliomas. The functional expression of LRF in human breast carcinoma has not yet been confirmed. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the expression of LRF in human breast cancer tissues and other human tumors. The expression of LRF mRNA transcripts and protein was observed in twenty human benign and malignant breast biopsy tissues. Expression of LRF was observed in several formalin-fixed tissues by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. All malignant breast tissues expressed mRNA transcripts and protein for LRF. However, 40% and 15% benign breast biopsy tissues expressed LRF mRNA transcripts and protein, respectively. The overall expression of LRF mRNA transcripts and total protein was significantly more in malignant breast tissues than the benign breast tissues. LRF expression was also observed in the nuclei of human colon, renal, lung, hepatocellular carcinomas and thymoma tumor cells. In general, a significantly higher expression of LRF was seen in malignant tissues than in the corresponding benign or normal tissue. Further studies are warranted to determine the malignant role of LRF in human breast carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
authors.forename: Anshu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Edibaldo D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Mary S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Devendra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Agrawal
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007938:Leukemia / Q000378:metabolism; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; C485514:ZBTB7A protein, human
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