title: Proximal human FOXP3 promoter transactivated by NF-kappaB and negatively controlled by feedback loop and SP3.
abstract: Forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) is indispensable for the development of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here we analyzed three prominent evolutionary conserved regions (ECRs) upstream of the transcription start site of the human FOXP3 gene. We show that ECR2 and ECR3 fragments derived from positions -1.3 to -2.0 kb and -5.0 to -6.0 kb, respectively, display basal transcriptional activity. Reporter constructs derived from ECR1, located between -0.6 and +0.23 kb and thus the most proximal ECR in respect of transcription initiation, remained almost inactive. However, ECR1 was transactivated by the NF-kappaB subunit p65 in HEK 293 cells. In Jurkat and primary T cells, in addition to p65, a second stimulus delivered by either T-cell receptor stimulation or addition of PMA was needed. Co-expression of I kappaB alpha inhibited p65-mediated FOXP3 proximal promoter transactivation, and the NF-kappaB inhibitor curcumin reduced Foxp3 neoexpression in IL-2/CD3/CD28/TGF-beta stimulated PBMCs. Moreover, proximal FOXP3 promoter transactivation was inhibited by Foxp3 and the SP transcription factor family member SP3. Thus, the human proximal FOXP3 promoter is controlled by activation through the TCR involving PKC and the NF-kappaB subunit p65 and by inhibition through a negative feedback loop and SP3.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eckerstorfer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Novy
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burgstaller-Muehlbacher
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Paster
authors.forename: Herbert B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stockinger
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000502:physiology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C497121:SP3 protein, human; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor; D003474:Curcumin
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