title: Psychological aspects of adductor spasmodic dysphonia: a prospective population controlled questionnaire study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine psychosocial concomitants, illness perceptions, and treatment perceptions in patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective controlled cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary care facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine out-patients (38 women, 11 men; average age of 52 years) with adductor spasmodic dysphonia completed a battery of reliable and validated psychometric assessment instruments. Control patients' data were derived from scores in questionnaires by samples in the formal Manuals of the questionnaires used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychosocial functioning, illness perceptions, and treatment perceptions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scores on psychosocial measures were elevated in male patients especially, indicating levels of psychological morbidity significantly above those seen in the general population. Assessments of illness perceptions and treatment perceptions indicated that patients perceive that they have a very low degree of control over the disorder, and experience a high emotional impact from it. Voice Handicap Index scores illustrated substantial degrees of perceived handicap.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adductor spasmodic dysphonia is associated with significant negative psychosocial concomitants, coupled with low perceived control over the condition. Future research should elucidate the implications of illness perceptions and treatment perceptions for the biopsychosocial care of persons with adductor spasmodic dysphonia in order to improve self-management and enhance quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. a.a.kaptein@lumc.nl
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kaptein
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scharloo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hondebrink
authors.forename: T P M
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Langeveld
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D055154:Dysphonia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011584:Psychology; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires