title: Decreased transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair capacity is associated with increased p53- and MLH1-independent apoptosis in response to cisplatin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the most commonly used classes of anti-cancer drugs presently in clinical practice is the platinum-based drugs, including cisplatin. The efficacy of cisplatin therapy is often limited by the emergence of resistant tumours following treatment. Cisplatin resistance is multi-factorial but can be associated with increased DNA repair capacity, mutations in p53 or loss of DNA mismatch repair capacity.
  
  
  METHODS
  RNA interference (RNAi) was used to reduce the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) capacity of several prostate and colorectal carcinoma cell lines with specific defects in p53 and/or DNA mismatch repair. The effect of small inhibitory RNAs designed to target the CSB (Cockayne syndrome group B) transcript on TC-NER and the sensitivity of cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These prostate and colon cancer cell lines were initially TC-NER proficient and RNAi against CSB significantly reduced their DNA repair capacity. Decreased TC-NER capacity was associated with an increase in the sensitivity of tumour cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis, even in p53 null and DNA mismatch repair-deficient cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present work indicates that CSB and TC-NER play a prominent role in determining the sensitivity of tumour cells to cisplatin even in the absence of p53 and DNA mismatch repair. These results further suggest that CSB represents a potential target for cancer therapy that may be important to overcome resistance to cisplatin in the clinic.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada. lawton_s@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Lawton J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Stubbert
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Bruce C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: McKay
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000528:radiation effects; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D034622:RNA Interference; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D015854:Up-Regulation; D051760:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C497314:XPA protein, human; D051760:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D004265:DNA Helicases; C078673:ERCC6 protein, human; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes; D002945:Cisplatin
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