title: Relationships between subgingival microbiota and GCF biomarkers in generalized aggressive periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine relationships between subgingival biofilm composition and levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokines in periodontal health and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Periodontal parameters were measured in 25 periodontally healthy and 31 GAP subjects. Subgingival plaque and GCF samples were obtained from 14 sites from each subject. Forty subgingival taxa were quantified using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization and the concentrations of eight GCF cytokines were measured using Luminex. Cluster analysis was used to define sites with similar subgingival microbiotas in each clinical group. Significance of differences in clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters among clusters was determined using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GAP subjects had statistically significantly higher GCF levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) (p<0.001), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (p<0.01) and IL-1beta/IL-10 ratio (p<0.001) and higher proportions of Red and Orange complex species than periodontally healthy subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean proportion of cytokines among clusters in the periodontally healthy subjects, while the ratio IL-1beta/IL-10 (p<0.05) differed significantly among clusters in the aggressive periodontitis group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different subgingival biofilm profiles are associated with distinct patterns of GCF cytokine expression. Aggressive periodontitis subjects were characterized by a higher IL-1beta/IL-10 ratio than periodontally healthy subjects, suggesting an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in aggressive periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. rteles@forsyth.org
authors.forename: Ricardo P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Teles
authors.forename: Lauren C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gursky
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faveri
authors.forename: Edvaldo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Flavia R F
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Teles
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feres
authors.forename: Sigmund S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Socransky
authors.forename: Anne D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Haffajee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D018441:Biofilms; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D056265:Microbial Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D012016:Reference Values; D013357:Subgingival Curettage
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016753:Interleukin-10; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
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