title: Increased leaf size: different means to an end.
abstract: The final size of plant organs, such as leaves, is tightly controlled by environmental and genetic factors that must spatially and temporally coordinate cell expansion and cell cycle activity. However, this regulation of organ growth is still poorly understood. The aim of this study is to gain more insight into the genetic control of leaf size in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by performing a comparative analysis of transgenic lines that produce enlarged leaves under standardized environmental conditions. To this end, we selected five genes belonging to different functional classes that all positively affect leaf size when overexpressed: AVP1, GRF5, JAW, BRI1, and GA20OX1. We show that the increase in leaf area in these lines depended on leaf position and growth conditions and that all five lines affected leaf size differently; however, in all cases, an increase in cell number was, entirely or predominantly, responsible for the leaf size enlargement. By analyzing hormone levels, transcriptome, and metabolome, we provide deeper insight into the molecular basis of the growth phenotype for the individual lines. A comparative analysis between these data sets indicates that enhanced organ growth is governed by different, seemingly independent pathways. The analysis of transgenic lines simultaneously overexpressing two growth-enhancing genes further supports the concept that multiple pathways independently converge on organ size control in Arabidopsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Bodt
authors.forename: Ronan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sulpice
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jikumaru
authors.forename: Eunyoung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Stijn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhondt
authors.forename: Twiggy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van Daele
authors.forename: Liesbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Milde
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weigel
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stitt
authors.forename: Gerrit T S
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Beemster
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Inzé
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060406:Brassinosteroids; D002452:Cell Count; D002777:Cholestanols / Q000378:metabolism; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D043564:Inorganic Pyrophosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism; D055442:Metabolome; D009929:Organ Size; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D060406:Brassinosteroids; D002777:Cholestanols; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D054883:Oxylipins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic; D007294:Inositol; C011006:jasmonic acid; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D011494:Protein Kinases; C108270:BRI1 protein, Arabidopsis; C505048:AVP1 protein, Arabidopsis; D043564:Inorganic Pyrophosphatase; C023623:brassinolide
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