title: Protective effects of Gastrodia elata Blume on MPP+-induced cytotoxicity in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastrodia elata (GE) Blume (Orchidaceae) has been traditionally used as a folk medicine in Oriental countries since centuries for their variety of therapeutic benefits. This study is an attempt to investigate the protective effects of GE extract against MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells and explore the neuroprotective mechanisms involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells were used to demonstrate the protective effects of GE against multiple parameters such as MPP(+)-induced cell viability, oxidative damage, expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase proteolysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GE effectively attenuated the cytotoxicity and improved cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. GE was effective in inhibiting both, the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3 and PARP proteolysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from this study suggests the protective effects of GE on MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity in dopaminergic cells, which may be ascribed to its significant anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties, thus, GE might prove to be a valuable therapeutic agent for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases including progressive Parkinson's disease (PD).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: In Su
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sushruta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koppula
authors.forename: Byung Wook
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Pyo Jam
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Beong Ou
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Wahn Soo
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kwang Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong Kug
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D031668:Gastrodia; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; D005609:Free Radicals; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; D004298:Dopamine