title: Characteristics of the tree-drawing test in chronic schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A tree-drawing test acts as both a projective psychological examination as well as a supplementary psychodiagnostic tool. There is little information relating the characteristics of schizophrenia and the tree-drawing test. The present study compared the structural and morphological differences in the results of the tree-drawing test between schizophrenic patients and healthy individuals, as well as between schizophrenic patients who responded well to treatment and those who responded poorly.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects included 202 chronic schizophrenic patients and 113 healthy individuals. The schizophrenic patients were categorized as 'good responders' or 'poor responders' based on their response to medical treatments. The tree-drawing test was performed on all subjects. The tree drawn by each subject was analyzed structurally and morphologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences between the trunk and branches drawn by schizophrenic patients and those drawn by healthy controls. There were no significant differences between the good responders and the poor responders in any aspect of the tree drawings. Multiple regression models showed that the ratio of the tree area to the total area of the drawing paper, the width of the trunk, the trunk base opening, and the size of the branch ends were significantly associated with schizophrenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that the trees drawn by schizophrenic patients are significantly different from those drawn by healthy individuals, but among schizophrenic patients, it is difficult to distinguish between good responders and poor responders using the tree-drawing test.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki-Aiseikai Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yasui-Furukori
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagami
authors.forename: Hanako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furukori
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology