title: Prevalence and risk factors of microalbuminuria in Thai nondiabetic hypertensive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence and risk factors of microalbuminuria in nondiabetic hypertensive patients in Thailand.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed during January to December 2007 at outpatients departments of Bhumibol Adulyadej hospital. Nondiabetic hypertensive patients without a history of pre-existing kidney diseases participated in this study. A questionnaire was used for collecting information on demographics, lifestyle, and family history of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Spot morning urine samples were collected for albuminuria estimation. Albuminuria thresholds were evaluated and defined using albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 559 hypertensive patients (283 males, 276 females), aged 58.0 +/- 11.6 years were enrolled in this study. Microalbuminuria (ACR 17 to 299 mg/g in males and 25 to 299 mg/g in females) was found in 93 cases (16.6%) [15.0%-18.2%]. The independent determinants of elevated urinary albumin excretion in a multiple logistic regression model were; body mass index > or =30 (odds ratio (OR) = 2.24, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.33-3.76) and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (DCCB) use (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.22-3.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Thai nondiabetic hypertensive patients, microalbuminuria was not uncommon. Obesity and use of dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker were found to be the important predictors. Prognostic value of the occurrence of microalbuminuria in this population remains to be determined in prospective cohort studies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Directorate of Medical Services, Royal Thai Air Force, Bangkok, Thailand. p.gojaseni@gmail.com
authors.forename: Pongsathorn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gojaseni
authors.forename: Angkana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Phaopha
authors.forename: Worawon
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chailimpamontree
authors.forename: Thaweepong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pajareya
authors.forename: Anutra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chittinandana
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers
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