title: Endurance training and cardiorespiratory conditioning after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the importance of cardiorespiratory conditioning after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and provide recommendations for patients recovering from TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of literature assessing the effectiveness of endurance training programs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A sedentary lifestyle and lack of endurance are common characteristics of individuals with TBI who have a reduction in peak aerobic capacity of 25% to 30% compared with healthy sedentary persons. Increased physical activity and exercise training improves cardiorespiratory fitness in many populations with physical and cognitive impairments. Therefore, increasing the endurance and cardiorespiratory fitness of persons with TBI would seem to have important health implications. However, review of the TBI literature reveals that there have been few well-designed, well-controlled studies of physiologic and psychological adaptations of fitness training. Also lacking are long-term follow-up studies of persons with TBI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessing endurance capacity and cardiorespiratory fitness early in the TBI rehabilitation process merits consideration as a standard of care by professional rehabilitation societies. Also, providing effective, safe, and accessible training modalities would seem to be an important consideration for persons with TBI, given the mobility impairments many possess. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of cardiorespiratory training programs on overall morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA. kmossber@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Kurt A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mossberg
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Amonette
authors.forename: Brent E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Masel
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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