title: Statins for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing non-emergent percutaneous coronary intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress and ischaemia are suggested as possible mechanisms of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Statins may offer renoprotection in both acute and chronic kidney diseases because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated whether use of statins before non-emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reduces the incidence of CIN.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated 540 consecutive adult patients who underwent non-emergent PCI over a 3 year period at a tertiary care centre. CIN was defined as 25% or 44 mmol/L increase from baseline creatinine at 48-72 h. In addition, we classified patients based on Mehran score for risk of development of CIN and analysed the effect of statins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-hundred and fifty-three patients met inclusion criteria. Two-hundred and thirty-nine patients were taking statins before PCI and 114 were not. Baseline characteristics were similar for both groups. CIN occurred in 75 patients (21.2%). There was a higher incidence of CIN in patients on statins as compared with patients not on statins (24.7% vs 14%; 95% CI: 1.09-3.67; P = 0.02). However, propensity-based adjustment for receipt of statins revealed no significant differences in CIN between both groups (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 0.87-3.22; P = 0.12). Multivariate logistic regression revealed Mehran score to be independently predictive of CIN. None of the patients who developed CIN required dialysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statin use before non-emergent PCI is not associated with reduction in CIN. Further randomized controlled trials based on proper risk adjustment for development of CIN are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA. pkandula@siumed.edu
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kandula
authors.forename: Ravish
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Nishith
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Markwell
authors.forename: Nishant
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhensdadia
authors.forename: Sankar D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Navaneethan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D057216:Propensity Score; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003287:Contrast Media; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D003404:Creatinine