title: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on the effect of misoprostol on ease of consecutive insertion of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Misoprostol has been studied intensively to produce cervical dilatation. To date, no studies have evaluated the effectiveness, safety or acceptability of this treatment for repeat intrauterine device insertions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the consecutive use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). Women who had used their first LNG-IUS for 4 years and 3 to 9 months and opted for an immediate replacement with a second LNG-IUS received a single sublingual dose of 400 mcg misoprostol or placebo 3 h prior to the LNG-IUS insertion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of easy insertions as judged by the investigator was 93% (40/43) in subjects randomized to misoprostol and 91% (42/46) in the placebo group (p=1.0 for the difference of proportions). No or mild pain at insertion was reported by 37% and 35% of subjects in the misoprostol and placebo groups, respectively. However, adverse events related to the study drug were more common in the misoprostol group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sublingual misoprostol did not have a significant effect on the ease of insertion in subjects having a repeat insertion of the LNG-IUS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Oskari
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Heikinheimo
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Inki
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.forename: Sule
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parmhed
authors.forename: Anna-Maija
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Anttila
authors.forename: Sven-Eric
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Ritva
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hurskainen
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gemzell-Danielsson
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000187:drug effects; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004106:Dilatation / Q000379:methods; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated / Q000009:adverse effects; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011292:Premedication
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D016595:Misoprostol; D016912:Levonorgestrel