Cyanobacterial heterocysts.
Many multicellular cyanobacteria produce specialized nitrogen-fixing heterocysts. During diazotrophic growth of the model organism Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. strain PCC 7120, a regulated developmental pattern of single heterocysts separated by about 10 to 20 photosynthetic vegetative cells is maintained along filaments. Heterocyst structure and metabolic activity function together to accommodate the oxygen-sensitive process of nitrogen fixation. This article focuses on recent research on heterocyst development, including morphogenesis, transport of molecules between cells in a filament, differential gene expression, and pattern formation.
Kumar
Krithika
K
Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, USA.
Mella-Herrera
Rodrigo A
RA
Golden
James W
JW
D017033:Anabaena / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001692:Biological Transport; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2008;62:93-111
18429691
J Bacteriol. 2007 Nov;189(21):7887-95
17720784
J Bacteriol. 1991 Nov;173(22):7098-105
1938911
J Bacteriol. 1999 Nov;181(21):6664-9
10542167
Genes Dev. 1994 Jan;8(1):74-83
8288129
J Bacteriol. 2007 Mar;189(6):2460-7
17220221
J Proteome Res. 2005 Jul-Aug;4(4):1330-8
16083284
J Bacteriol. 2008 Oct;190(20):6829-36
18723619
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1981 May 5;674(2):265-76
6786363
J Bacteriol. 1997 Jan;179(1):258-66
8982006
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2003 Dec;6(6):557-63
14662350
Arch Microbiol. 2002 Dec;178(6):395-403
12420158
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2009 Jun;295(2):281-8
19456868
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jun 15;89(12):5655-9
1608976
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Apr 28;95(9):4959-63
9560210
Mol Microbiol. 1997 Mar;23(6):1241-9
9106215
Mol Microbiol. 2002 Jun;44(5):1377-85
12068814
Mol Gen Genet. 1997 Feb 27;253(6):770-6
9079890
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Apr 2;99(7):4251-5
11917135
Mol Microbiol. 2003 Mar;47(5):1239-49
12603731
Arch Microbiol. 1997 Apr;167(4):251-8
9075624
Nature. 2004 Aug 26;430(7003):1027-32
15329721
Arch Microbiol. 2009 Mar;191(3):255-63
19082579
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Sep 26;92(20):9358-62
7568132
J Bacteriol. 1995 Nov;177(22):6440-8
7592418
J Bacteriol. 2000 Jun;182(12):3572-81
10852891
J Bacteriol. 2001 Jan;183(1):280-6
11114927
J Gen Appl Microbiol. 2004 Feb;50(1):1-8
15057705
Nature. 1985 Apr 4-10;314(6010):419-23
3920531
Mol Microbiol. 1998 Mar;27(6):1193-202
9570404
J Struct Biol. 2009 Jan;165(1):47-52
18952182
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Feb 27;98(5):2729-34
11226308
J Bacteriol. 1989 Aug;171(8):4138-45
2502534
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006 Mar;256(1):171-7
16487336
J Bacteriol. 2006 Jul;188(13):4822-9
16788191
Microbiol Rev. 1992 Jun;56(2):340-73
1620069
J Bacteriol. 2000 Mar;182(5):1191-9
10671437
J Bacteriol. 2005 Apr;187(7):2326-31
15774875
Microbiology (Reading). 2007 Feb;153(Pt 2):601-607
17259632
J Bacteriol. 2006 Feb;188(4):1396-404
16452422
J Bacteriol. 2005 Sep;187(17):6031-8
16109944
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2004 Jun;28(3):319-33
15449606
J Bacteriol. 2006 Nov;188(21):7387-95
16936023
Annu Rev Microbiol. 1995;49:489-522
8561469
Mol Microbiol. 2007 Aug;65(4):1139-45
17645442
J Biol Chem. 2001 Oct 12;276(41):38320-8
11479309
ISME J. 2007 Aug;1(4):354-60
18043646
J Bacteriol. 2001 Nov;183(22):6667-75
11673438
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 19;99(4):2032-7
11842199
J Bacteriol. 2002 May;184(9):2491-9
11948164
J Bacteriol. 2008 Dec;190(23):7645-54
18835986
FEBS Lett. 2002 Feb 13;512(1-3):71-4
11852054
Microbiology (Reading). 2004 Nov;150(Pt 11):3731-3739
15528659
J Bacteriol. 1988 Nov;170(11):5034-41
3141375
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Apr 6;101(14):4848-53
15051891
J Bacteriol. 2001 Dec;183(23):6841-51
11698373
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2002 Mar;66(1):94-121; table of contents
11875129
Photosynth Res. 2001;70(1):85-106
16228364
J Bacteriol. 2007 May;189(10):3884-90
17369306
Mol Microbiol. 2007 Dec;66(6):1429-43
18045384
J Bacteriol. 1997 Nov;179(22):6971-8
9371442
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Apr;74(7):2103-10
18281430
Curr Opin Microbiol. 1998 Dec;1(6):623-9
10066546
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003 Apr 25;221(2):155-9
12725920
J Bacteriol. 1990 Jul;172(7):3925-31
2113913
J Bacteriol. 1991 Mar;173(6):1879-85
1900504
J Bacteriol. 2006 Dec;188(24):8520-5
17041048
J Bacteriol. 2004 Nov;186(21):7337-43
15489445
Genes Dev. 1991 Feb;5(2):321-30
1840555
J Bacteriol. 1988 Mar;170(3):1239-44
2830231
J Bacteriol. 2004 Oct;186(19):6422-9
15375122
Mol Microbiol. 1993 Jul;9(1):77-84
8412673
Mol Microbiol. 2007 Apr;64(2):347-58
17371502
Biol Chem. 2007 Aug;388(8):823-9
17655501
Microbiology (Reading). 2009 May;155(Pt 5):1418-1426
19383713
Mol Microbiol. 2006 Jan;59(2):367-75
16390435
J Bacteriol. 2007 Jul;189(14):5372-8
17483218
J Bacteriol. 1990 Dec;172(12):6981-90
2123860
EMBO J. 1990 Oct;9(10):3379-88
2120040
Mol Microbiol. 1994 Nov;14(4):823-32
7534371
Science. 1988 Dec 9;242(4884):1421-3
3144039
DNA Res. 2007 Feb 28;14(1):13-24
17376888
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Apr 19;102(16):5744-8
15811937
J Bacteriol. 2007 Jul;189(14):5075-81
17513480
DNA Res. 2003 Jun 30;10(3):97-113
12886952
J Cell Sci. 1973 May;12(3):707-23
4198321
J Biol Chem. 1979 Feb 10;254(3):736-41
104995
EMBO J. 2008 May 7;27(9):1299-308
18388860
Mol Microbiol. 2005 Jul;57(1):111-23
15948953
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007 Jan;266(1):98-102
17233720
J Bacteriol. 1996 Feb;178(3):922-6
8550535
DNA Res. 2001 Dec 31;8(6):271-84
11858227
J Bacteriol. 2006 Mar;188(5):1808-16
16484191
Nature. 1995 Jul 6;376(6535):49-53
7596432
J Biol Chem. 1989 Nov 15;264(32):19200-7
2553733
BMC Microbiol. 2009 Mar 11;9:54
19284581
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 22;101(25):9417-22
15192148
J Bacteriol. 1993 Jul;175(13):4025-35
8391534
FEBS Lett. 2000 Jul 7;476(3):282-6
10913629
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Nov 9;101(45):16040-5
15520378
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2004 Oct;28(4):469-87
15374662
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2009 Sep;33(5):917-41
19453747
Mol Microbiol. 2007 May;64(3):782-94
17462023
J Bacteriol. 2007 Nov;189(22):8392-6
17873052
J Bacteriol. 1998 Aug;180(16):4233-42
9696774
J Bacteriol. 2001 Jun;183(12):3795-9
11371545
J Bacteriol. 2000 Mar;182(6):1575-9
10692362
J Bacteriol. 2001 Apr;183(8):2605-13
11274121
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jan 31;92(3):791-5
7846053
Mol Microbiol. 2006 Mar;59(6):1692-703
16553876
Annu Rev Genet. 1996;30:59-78
8982449
J Biol Chem. 2003 May 30;278(22):19939-46
12637541
Arch Microbiol. 2008 Apr;189(4):357-66
18283436
J Bacteriol. 1994 Aug;176(15):4473-82
7913926
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2008 Jun;19(3):235-40
18539450
J Bacteriol. 1994 Mar;176(5):1214-23
8113160
J Bacteriol. 2005 Feb;187(3):1114-23
15659688
Microbiology (Reading). 1995 Oct;141 ( Pt 10):2479-87
7582007
J Bacteriol. 2001 Jan;183(1):393-6
11114941
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2007 Nov;31(6):692-720
17903205
J Basic Microbiol. 2009 Feb;49(1):5-24
19253332
Annu Rev Genet. 2007;41:13-39
18076324
Chem Biol. 2006 Aug;13(8):849-56
16931334
Trends Microbiol. 2006 Oct;14(10):439-43
16934472
J Bacteriol. 2005 Dec;187(24):8489-93
16321953
J Bacteriol. 2008 Jun;190(11):3904-13
18390663
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jul 25;103(30):11334-9
16849429
J Bacteriol. 1997 May;179(9):2930-7
9139910
Science. 1998 Oct 30;282(5390):935-8
9794762
Photosynth Res. 2005;83(2):135-50
16143848
Plant Physiol. 2007 Mar;143(3):1385-97
17237189
Mol Microbiol. 2003 Jun;48(6):1511-24
12791135
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2002 Dec 17;217(2):155-65
12480098
Mol Microbiol. 2005 Oct;58(1):227-43
16164561
Biochem J. 2001 Dec 15;360(Pt 3):639-44
11736654
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2008 Apr;11(2):121-7
18375176
Mol Microbiol. 2001 May;40(4):941-50
11401701
J Bacteriol. 2006 Aug;188(16):5806-11
16885448
J Bacteriol. 2007 Jul;189(14):5247-56
17483217
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jul 12;102(28):9907-12
15985552
J Bacteriol. 2002 Dec;184(24):6873-81
12446638
Mol Microbiol. 2008 Nov;70(4):814-23
18990181
J Bacteriol. 2001 Apr;183(8):2654-61
11274126