title: Paxillin and hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone 5 expression and distribution in control and Alzheimer disease hippocampi.
abstract: Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone 5 (Hic-5) and paxillin are members of the Group III LIM domain protein family that localize to both cell nuclei and focal adhesions and link integrin-mediated signaling to the actin cytoskeleton. Prior in vitro studies have implicated paxillin in beta-amyloid-induced cell death, but little is known about the expression and function of Hic-5 and paxillin in the brain. We performed a blinded retrospective cross-sectional study of Hic-5 and paxillin expression in the hippocampi of Alzheimer disease (AD) and control subjects using immunohistochemistry and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The analysis included assessment of the expression of phosphorylated isoforms of paxillin that reflect activation of distinct signaling pathways. We found changes in the subcellular distribution of Hic-5, paxillin, and specific phosphorylated isoforms of paxillin in the AD brains. The Hic-5 and phosphorylated isoforms of paxillin colocalized with neurofibrillary tangles. Paxillin was predominantly found in reactive astrocytes in the AD hippocampi, and activated paxillin was also detected in granulovacuolar degeneration bodies in AD. These data indicate that these important scaffolding proteins that link various intracellular signaling pathways to the extracellular matrix are modified and have altered subcellular distribution in AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caltagarone
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murdoch
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Donald B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: DeFranco
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bowser
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation / Q000379:methods; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051419:Paxillin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000502:physiology; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D051419:Paxillin; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D016875:tau Proteins; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule; C490351:TGFB1I1 protein, human
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