title: Responsibility sharing between adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers: importance of adolescent perceptions on diabetes management and control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze associations between factor scores for caregiver responsibility for direct and indirect diabetes management tasks with glycemic control and blood glucose monitoring (BGM) frequency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and sixty one adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers completed the Diabetes Family Responsibility Questionnaire (DFRQ). Data on diabetes management (e.g., BGM frequency) and glycemic control (e.g., A1c values) were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analysis of the DFRQ revealed two factors-direct and indirect management tasks. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that adolescent perception of greater responsibility sharing with caregivers on direct management tasks was significantly associated with higher BGM frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents who perceive greater caregiver responsibility, particularly around direct management tasks, engage in better diabetes management. Implications of these findings include designing interventions that encourage and sustain caregiver responsibility through adolescence and make explicit the contribution of caregivers.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Promotion of Treatment Adherence and Self-Management, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Vesco
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Lori M B
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Laffel
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ingerski
authors.forename: Korey K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hood
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000523:psychology*; D017028:Caregivers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015146:Midwestern United States; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009511:New England; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support
references.citation: J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Nov;17(11):1533-44
references.pmid: 15570991
references.citation: J Pediatr Psychol. 2006 Jun;31(5):481-9
references.pmid: 16002480
references.citation: J Pediatr Psychol. 2009 Oct;34(9):1008-18
references.pmid: 19420225
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2005 Jan;28(1):186-212
references.pmid: 15616254
references.citation: J Pediatr Psychol. 2007 Sep;32(8):907-17
references.pmid: 17426045
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2007 Jul;30(7):1764-9
references.pmid: 17372149
references.citation: J Pediatr Psychol. 1995 Aug;20(4):449-76
references.pmid: 7666288
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 1996 Feb;19(2):119-25
references.pmid: 8718430
references.citation: J Pediatr. 1997 Feb;130(2):257-65
references.pmid: 9042129
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 1997 May;20(5):714-20
references.pmid: 9135932
references.citation: J Pediatr Psychol. 2005 Mar;30(2):167-78
references.pmid: 15681311
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2001 Aug;24(8):1342-7
references.pmid: 11473067
references.citation: J Pediatr Psychol. 1992 Oct;17(5):537-53
references.pmid: 1432480
references.citation: Diabet Med. 1997 Feb;14(2):153-7
references.pmid: 9047094
references.citation: Fam Syst Health. 2009 Jun;27(2):141-52
references.pmid: 19630455
references.citation: Health Psychol. 1989;8(2):239-53
references.pmid: 2737175
references.citation: J Pediatr Psychol. 2006 Mar;31(2):174-83
references.pmid: 16467317
references.citation: J Pediatr Psychol. 1990 Aug;15(4):477-92
references.pmid: 2258796
references.citation: Pediatr Diabetes. 2005 Mar;6(1):13-6
references.pmid: 15787896
references.citation: J Pediatr. 2006 Aug;149(2):227-32
references.pmid: 16887440
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2000 Sep;23(9):1301-4
references.pmid: 10977022
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2001 Sep;24(9):1536-40
references.pmid: 11522695
references.citation: Health Psychol. 1986;5(6):545-564
references.pmid: 3542527
references.citation: J Pediatr. 2007 Mar;150(3):279-85
references.pmid: 17307546
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2009 May;32(5):804-6
references.pmid: 19228870
references.citation: J Pediatr Psychol. 2010 May;35(4):415-25
references.pmid: 19684117