title: A novel viral responsive protein is involved in hemocyte homeostasis in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon.
abstract: A novel viral responsive protein, namely hemocyte homeostasis-associated protein (HHAP), was characterized for its role in the response of shrimp to white spot syndrome virus infection. The full-length cDNAs of HHAP from the black tiger shrimp (PmHHAP), Penaeus monodon, and the fresh water crayfish (PlHHAP), Pacifastacus leniusculus, were obtained and showed high sequence identity to a hypothetical protein from various organisms, with the highest identity to the hypothetical protein TcasGA2_TC006773 from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (54% amino acid sequence identity). Transcripts of PmHHAP were expressed in various shrimp tissues with the highest expression in hematopoietic tissue, whereas the transcripts of PlHHAP were found in the hematopoietic and nerve tissues. Upon white spot syndrome virus infection, a high up-regulation level of shrimp hemocytic HHAP mRNA and protein was observed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. Gene silencing of PmHHAP by RNA interference resulted in a significant decrease in the number of circulating hemocytes and 100% shrimp mortality within 30 h of the double-stranded PmHHAP RNA injection (but not in control shrimp), indicating that HHAP is essential for shrimp survival. Interestingly, severe damage of hemocytes was observed in vivo in the PmHHAP knockdown shrimp and in vitro in shrimp primary hemocyte cell culture, suggesting that PmHHAP plays an important role in hemocyte homeostasis. Thus, it is speculated that the up-regulation of PmHHAP is an important mechanism to control circulating hemocyte levels in crustaceans during viral infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Adisak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prapavorarat
authors.forename: Tipachai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vatanavicharn
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Söderhäll
authors.forename: Anchalee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tassanakajon
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D006706:Homeostasis; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
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