title: Does sleep apnea increase the risk of cardiorespiratory complications during endoscopy procedures?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have an increased risk of perioperative complications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to assess whether OSA increases the risk of cardiorespiratory complications in patients undergoing endoscopic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was performed. We identified all patients who had undergone both an endoscopic procedure under conscious sedation and a sleep study from January 2001 to May 2008. Patients were divided into four groups: OSA negative (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) < 5/h), OSA positive; mild: AHI 5-15/h, moderate: AHI 15.1-30/h, and severe: AHI > 30/h. Minor and major complications were identified. The minor ones were hypertension, hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia, oxygen desaturation (<90%), and bradypnea. Major complications included chest pain, respiratory distress, cardiorespiratory arrest, or any minor complication that required intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Procedures were performed in 639 patients: colonoscopies 68.5%, upper endoscopies 20.2%, and combined procedures 11.3%. The mean age was 60.5 years, mean body mass index 33.7, and 93% were males. Sleep study results: 130 negative, 509 positive; 135 mild, 125 moderate, and 249 severe. Of the patients, 19% had minor complications, while 7% had major complications. There was no significant difference between the patients with and without OSA in the rate of minor complications (odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 0.70-1.92) or major complications (odds ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval 0.54-2.63). The odds ratio was also not significantly increased when a cutoff value of 10 or 15/h was used to delineate a positive sleep study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients undergoing endoscopy procedures under conscious sedation, the presence of OSA does not clearly increase the risk of cardiorespiratory complications.
authors.affiliation: Western New York Veteran Affairs Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA. mador@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: M Jeffery
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mador
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abo Khamis
authors.forename: Namrata
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nag
authors.forename: Amjad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mreyoud
authors.forename: Shais
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jallu
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehboob
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology
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