title: Toxocara canis: potential activity of natural products against second-stage larvae in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: The anthelmintic activity of extracts from Chenopodiumambrosioides, Pycnanthusangolensis and Nutridesintox was in vitro and in vivo investigated, against Toxocaracanis larvae. The in vitro assays results showed that the aqueous extract of Nutridesintox was the most effective, followed by C. ambrosioides extracts, hexane, dichloromethane and the infusion. P. angolensis extracts showed a lower anthelmintic activity compared to the other natural products. For the in vivo assays, Nutridesintox, the hexane extract and the infusion of C. ambrosioides were administered orally to T. canis-infected mice, in single doses, during three consecutive days. The efficacy was evaluated on the 17th day post-infection, not only by counting T. canis larvae in the tissues but also by ELISA detection of IgM and IgG antibodies and histological analysis of liver and lungs. The different treatments did not reduce the larvae burden and had no influence on the antibodies dynamic. Interestingly, a reduction on the inflammatory infiltrates was observed in the liver and lung sections of the group treated with the hexane extract of C. ambrosioides. In conclusion, the hexane extract of C. ambrosioides is of further research interest, as it showed an anthelmintic activity in vitro and a reduction on the inflammatory reaction produced by the infection of T. canis larvae in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Helmintologia e Malacologia Médicas/UPMM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. mariana.a.reis@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Alcione
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trinca
authors.forename: Maria José U
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Ana R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Monsalve-Puello
authors.forename: Maria Amélia A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Grácio
mesh_terms: D015766:Albendazole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000469:parasitology; D027464:Chenopodium ambrosioides / Q000737:chemistry*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D026324:Myristicaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017166:Toxocara canis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D014120:Toxocariasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D001688:Biological Products; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015766:Albendazole