title: Impact of new guidelines for blood exposure incidents in The Netherlands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2007, a new set of guidelines for blood exposure incidents was introduced in The Netherlands to standardize management and reduce use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg). Accidents now have to be assigned into risk categories with the corresponding medical intervention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the consequences of the guidelines on overall risk assessment and costs of hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidents (n = 461) from both hospital as well as non-hospital health care workers and others registered by a call centre from the year 2005 were reassessed and reclassified as 'no-risk', 'high-risk' or 'low-risk' according to the corresponding risk categories of the new guidelines. The differences in classification, use of HBV immunoglobulin, source testing and the costs of the HBV prevention strategy were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all incidents, 86% could be reassigned directly into the new risk categories. However, there was a significant shift from 'low-' to 'high-risk' incidents. Overall, administration of HBV vaccination increased and administration of HBIg decreased significantly, although within the group of high-risk incidents, administration of HBIg increased. There was no effect on the frequency of reference serum taken after an incident. While fewer incidents needed intervention, the total costs of HBV prevention still increased by 50%. Total costs increased by 13%, due to a shift in classification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the new protocol facilitated standardized risk assessment for blood exposure accidents. HBIg administration and source testing decreased. An increased proportion of high-risk classifications resulted in an increase in the associated costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 5200 ME 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. p.v.wijk@jbz.nl
authors.forename: P T L
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: van Wijk
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Boland
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Schneeberger
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000191:economics; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006282:Health Personnel; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D009426:Netherlands; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000145:classification; D012308:Risk Management / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007136:Immunoglobulins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; C045213:hepatitis B hyperimmune globulin