Dyrk1A-mediated phosphorylation of Presenilin 1: a functional link between Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.
The dual-specificity tyrosine(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) gene is located on human chromosome 21 and encodes a proline-directed protein kinase that might be responsible for mental retardation and early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Down syndrome (DS) patients. Presenilin 1 (PS1) is a key component of the γ-secretase complex in the generation of β-amyloid (Aβ), an important trigger protein in the pathogenesis of AD. Increased Dyrk1A expression has been reported in human AD and DS brains. We previously showed that Dyrk1A increased Aβ production in mammalian cells and transgenic mice that over-express Dyrk1A. In this study, we describe a potential mechanism by which Aβ is increased in Dyrk1A-over-expressing DS and AD brains. First, we show that PS1 is phosphorylated by the Dyrk1A at Thr(354) and that this phosphorylation increases γ-secretase activity. Then, using transgenic mice that over-express human Dyrk1A, we demonstrate that phospho-Thr354-PS1 (pT354-PS1) expression is enhanced when Dyrk1A level is increased. We also show that pT354-PS1 is more stable than the unphosphorylated form of PS1. These results reveal a potential regulatory link between Dyrk1A and PS1 in the Aβ pathway of DS and AD brains, suggesting that up-regulated Dyrk1A may accelerate AD pathogenesis through PS1 phosphorylation.
Ryu
Young Shin
YS
Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute for Brain Science and Technology (IBST), Inje University, Busan, South Korea.
Park
So Young
SY
Jung
Min-Su
MS
Yoon
Song-Hee
SH
Kwen
Mi-Yang
MY
Lee
Sun-Young
SY
Choi
Sun-Hee
SH
Radnaabazar
Chinzorig
C
Kim
Mi-Kyoung
MK
Kim
Hangun
H
Kim
Kwonseop
K
Song
Woo-Joo
WJ
Chung
Sul-Hee
SH
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D053764:Presenilin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D000097603:Dyrk Kinases
D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D053764:Presenilin-1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000097603:Dyrk Kinases