title: Synthesis of sulfonamide-based kinase inhibitors from sulfonates by exploiting the abrogated SN2 reactivity of 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxysulfonates.
abstract: The attenuated S(N)2 reactivity of the 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group has been exploited for the synthesis of a series of 6-cyclohexylmethoxy-2-arylaminopurines in which a sulfonamide moiety was attached to the aryl ring via a methylene group. These were required as potential inhibitors of serine-threonine kinases of interest for the treatment of cancer. 3-Nitrophenylmethanesulfonyl chloride was converted into the corresponding 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxysulfonyl ester by reaction with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol in the presence of triethylamine/4-dimethylaminopyridine. Catalytic hydrogenation of the nitro group employing 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol as solvent gave 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl 3-aminophenylmethanesulfonate, which was reacted with 6-cyclohexylmethoxy-2-fluoropurine in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol/trifluoroacetic acid to afford 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl 3-(6-cyclohexylmethoxy-9H-purin-2-ylamino)phenylmethanesulfonate. 3-(6-Cyclohexylmethoxy-9H-purin-2-ylamino)phenylmethanesulfonamides were synthesised by microwave heating of the trifluoroethoxysulfonate with an amine and 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene in tetrahydrofuran. The mechanism of this process was shown to involve an intermediate sulfene by a deuterium-labelling experiment. 3-(6-Cyclohexylmethoxy-9H-purin-2-ylamino)phenylmethanesulfonamide derivatives were assayed as inhibitors of human cyclin-dependent kinase 2. Previous structure-activity studies demonstrated that relocating the sulfonamide group of O(6)-cyclohexylmethoxy-2-(4'-sulfamoylanilino)purine from the 4- to the 3-position on the 2-arylamino ring resulted in a 40-fold reduction in potency against CDK2. In the present study, no further loss of activity was observed on introducing a methylene group between the sulfonamide and the aryl ring, 3-(6-cyclohexylmethoxy-9H-purin-2-ylamino)phenylmethanesulfonamide proving equipotent with O(6)-cyclohexylmethoxy-2-(3'-sulfamoylanilino)purine (IC(50) = 0.21 microM). N-Alkylation of the sulfonamide reduced CDK-2 inhibitory activity, while a substituted benzyl or 3-phenylpropyl group on the sulfonamide resulted in a loss of potency compared with 3-(6-cyclohexylmethoxy-9H-purin-2-ylamino)phenylmethanesulfonamide. The dimethylaminopropyl derivative, 1-[3-(6-cyclohexylmethoxy-9H-purin-2-ylamino)phenyl]-N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)methanesulfonamide was only 2-fold less potent than 3-(6-cyclohexylmethoxy-9H-purin-2-ylamino)phenylmethanesulfonamide, suggesting an interaction between the basic dimethylamino group and the kinase. The presence of alicyclic groups on the pendant sulfonamide showed IC(50) values in the 0.5-1.5 microM range. N-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-1-[3-(6-cyclohexylmethoxy-9H-purin-2-ylamino)phenyl]methanesulfonamide was markedly less active (IC(50) = 34 microM), suggesting a steric effect within the ATP-binding domain.
authors.affiliation: Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK NE1 7RU.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Roger J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Hardcastle
authors.forename: Julian S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Northen
authors.forename: Lan-Zhen
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bernard T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Golding
mesh_terms: D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011687:Purines / Q000737:chemistry; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011687:Purines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2