title: Different loading strategies of dental implants: a Cochrane systematic review of randomised controlled clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of 1) immediate (within 1 week), early (between 1 week to 2 months), and conventional (after 2 months) loading of osseointegrated implants, and of 2) immediate occlusal versus non-occlusal loading during the bone healing phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched and several journals were handsearched with no language restriction up to June 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of osseointegrated dental implants, having a follow up of 4 months to 1 year, comparing the same implant type immediately, early and conventionally loaded or occlusally and non-occlusally loaded were eligible. Screening of studies, quality assessment and data extraction were conducted in duplicate. Outcome measures were: prosthesis and implant failures and radiographic marginal bone level changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty RCTs were identified and 22 trials including 976 patients in total were included. Twelve trials compared immediate versus conventional loading, three early versus conventional loading, six immediate versus early loading, and one occlusally versus non-occlusally loaded implants. On a patient, rather than per implant basis, there were no statistically significant differences for any of the meta-analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to successfully load dental implants immediately or early after their placement in selected patients, though not all clinicians may achieve optimal results. It is unclear whether it is beneficial to avoid occlusal contacts during the osseointegration phase. Trends suggest that immediately loaded implants fail more often than those conventionally loaded, but less commonly than those early loaded. If a clinician wishes to load early the implants, it might be wiser to load them immediately (within one week) than waiting for 1 to 2 months. A high degree of primary implant stability (high value of insertion torque) seems to be one of the prerequisites for a successful immediate/early loading procedure.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester M15 6FH, UK. espositomarco@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Maria Gabriella
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Grusovin
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coulthard
authors.forename: Helen V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Worthington
mesh_terms: D000044:Dental Abutments; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012196:Review Literature as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants