title: Perventricular device closure of congenital muscular ventricular septal defects.
abstract: Muscular ventricular septal defects (MVSDs) account for approximately 20% of all congenital ventricular septal defects. Large defects in infants result in early heart failure, failure to thrive and pulmonary hypertension. Although percutaneous closure of MVSDs has been employed safely and effectively in children, adolescents and adults, its application in the small infant (weight <6 kg) carries a higher risk for complications including arrhythmias, hemodynamic compromise, cardiac perforation, tamponade and death. Perventricular closure of such defects, introduced by Amin and coworkers in the late 1990s, has become an attractive treatment modality for these small and high-risk patients. Experience worldwide has shown that the procedure is feasible, reproducible, safe and effective. In this article, the authors review the indications, the step-by-step technique and the results of perventricular closure of MVSDs using the AMPLATZER mVSD device (AGA Medical, MN, USA).
authors.affiliation: Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, Av. Dr Dante Pazzanese 500, 14 andar, CEP 04012-180, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos A C
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pedra
authors.forename: Simone R F
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pedra
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaccur
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jatene
authors.forename: Rodrigo N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Ziyad M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Hijazi
authors.forename: Zahid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Amin
mesh_terms: D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D004452:Echocardiography; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D055989:Septal Occluder Device