title: Increased angiogenic factors associated with peripheral avascular retina and intravitreous neovascularization: a model of retinopathy of prematurity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pigment epithelium-derived factor, and their respective receptors in retinas using a model of retinopathy of prematurity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retinas isolated from a 50/10 oxygen (inspired oxygen cycled between 50% oxygen and 10% oxygen every 24 hours)-induced rat model of retinopathy of prematurity (50/10 OIR model), and from room air-raised rat pups (RA) at birth, age 14 days (persistent peripheral avascular retina in the 50/10 OIR model and complete retinal vascularization in RA) and age 18 days (intravitreous neovascularization in the 50/10 OIR model) were analyzed for messenger RNA of VEGF(164), neuropilin 1, neuropilin 2, VEGF receptor 1, VEGF receptor 2, pigment epithelium-derived factor, and pigment epithelium-derived factor receptor by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 50/10 OIR model compared with RA, fold changes in expression of VEGF(164), neuropilin 1, and neuropilin 2 were significantly increased at ages 14 and 18 days. A trend for increased fold change was noted in expression of VEGF receptor 2 at age 14 days and a significant increase at age 18 days in the 50/10 OIR model compared with RA. Pigment epithelium-derived factor receptor was significantly increased at age 14 days in the 50/10 OIR model compared with RA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased expression of VEGF(164) and angiogenic receptors were found in association with both avascular retina at day 14 and intravitreous neovascularization at day 18 in a relevant model of retinopathy of prematurity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased VEGF and angiogenic receptors may have a role in the development of peripheral avascular retina and stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, 130 Mason Farm Rd, Campus Box 7040, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7040, USA. hartnet@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Budd
authors.forename: M Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hartnett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D039942:Neuropilin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D039943:Neuropilin-2 / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide / Q000235:genetics*; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000235:genetics*; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D015843:Serpins / Q000235:genetics*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000235:genetics; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000098:blood supply; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D039942:Neuropilin-1; D039943:Neuropilin-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide; D015843:Serpins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor; C400531:pigment epithelium-derived factor receptor; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat
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