title: Intimate partner violence and cancer screening among urban minority women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of intimate partner violence (IPV) with breast and cervical cancer screening rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted retrospective chart audits of 382 adult women at 4 urban family medicine practices. Inclusion criteria were not being pregnant, no cancer history, and having a partner. Victims were defined as those who screened positive on at least one of 2 brief IPV screening tools: the HITS (Hurt, Insult, Threat, Scream) tool or Women Abuse Screening Tool (short). Logistic regression models were used to examine whether nonvictims, victims of emotional abuse, and victims of physical and/or sexual abuse were up to date for mammograms and Papanicolaou smears.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of IPV was 16.5%. Compared with victims of emotional abuse only, victims of physical and/or sexual abuse aged 40 to 74 were associated with 87% decreased odds of being up to date on Papanicolaou smears (odds ratio, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02-0.86) and 84% decreased odds of being up to date in mammography (odds ratio, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.99). There was no difference in Papanicolaou smear rates among female victims and nonvictims younger than 40.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the high prevalence of IPV, screening is essential among all women. Clinicians should ensure that victims of physical and/or sexual abuse are screened for cervical cancer and breast cancer, particularly women aged 40 or older. Cancer screening promotion programs are needed for victims of abuse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark.
authors.forename: Sheetal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rovi
authors.forename: Marielos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferrante
authors.forename: Ping-Hsin
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D015995:Prevalence; D011594:Psychometrics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018454:Spouses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D055815:Young Adult