title: Electroencephalograms and physical reflexes of broilers after electrical waterbath stunning using an alternating current.
abstract: Stunning efficiency of broilers after electrical waterbath stunning with an alternating current was assessed using electroencephalograms (EEG) and physical reflexes. Four hundred eighty-nine broilers (246 males and 243 females) were stunned in an electrical waterbath with a rectangular alternating stunning current of 60, 80, 100, 120, and 150 mA and frequencies of 70, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,500 Hz. Stunning time was 10 s. The EEG was recorded for 120 s poststun. Occurrence of spontaneous breathing, eye blinking, and wing flapping and the corneal reflex were recorded. The EEG was analyzed regarding the occurrence of a profound suppression to less than 10% of the prestun level in the 2 to 30-Hz band and 13 to 30-Hz band. The occurrence of epileptiform patterns was assessed and the occurrence of clonic-tonic convulsions was recorded. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant effect of stunning frequency and stunning current for all groups in the EEG analysis. Stunning frequencies above 400 Hz or below 100 mA did not result in profound suppression of brain power to less than 10% of the prestun level in more than 90% of the broilers and can therefore not be recommended. More than 80% of the birds stunned with 70 or 100 Hz at 100 mA or 70, 100, and 200 Hz with 120 and 150 mA did not recover from stunning. The occurrence of epileptiform activity could only be observed in a few birds. It is assumed that this is due to the long stunning time of 10 s and epileptiform activity could have occurred just before EEG recording started. A maximum of 30% of birds with corneal reflexes and spontaneous eye blinking should not be exceeded, whereas at 15 s poststun, not more than 15% of birds should show spontaneous eye blinking. Wing flapping occurred in at least 50% of birds with adequate stunning results. This seems to be related to convulsions and could cause meat quality defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Farm Animal Behavior and Poultry Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 17, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. simone.prinz@gmx.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prinz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Oijen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ehinger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coenen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bessei
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D004560:Electricity; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000662:veterinary*; D004597:Electroshock / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012018:Reflex; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water