Hepatitis B and Renal Disease.
Glomerulonephritis is an important extrahepatic manifestation of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The uncommon occurrence, variability in renal histopathology, and heterogeneity in clinical course present challenges in clinical studies and have resulted in a relative paucity of data and uncertainty with regard to the optimal management of HBV-related glomerular diseases. The advent of nucleos(t)ide analogue medications that effectively suppress HBV replication has markedly altered the clinical outcomes of kidney transplant recipients with HBV infection, but the emergence of drug resistance is an escalating problem. This article reviews the recent knowledge of the pathogenesis and treatment of HBV-related membranous nephropathy, and discusses the management of hepatitis B in kidney transplant recipients, which is continuously evolving.
Chan
Tak Mao
TM
Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
Ann Intern Med. 1989 Sep 15;111(6):479-83
2774373
Hepatology. 2001 Sep;34(3):590-4
11526547
Semin Dial. 2005 Jan-Feb;18(1):52-61
15663766
Clin Exp Nephrol. 2005 Sep;9(3):183-91
16189625
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Jan;25(1):101-6
19817965
Rheumatol Int. 2009 Sep;29(11):1273-7
19159933
Gastroenterology. 1995 Aug;109(2):540-6
7615204
Clin Ther. 2006 Sep;28(9):1327-34
17062306
Am J Kidney Dis. 2008 Oct;52(4):691-8
18805348
Arch Dis Child. 2003 May;88(5):460
12716731
N Engl J Med. 1991 May 23;324(21):1457-63
2023605
Transplantation. 2001 Feb 15;71(3):387-94
11233898
World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Mar 21;12(11):1752-6
16586546
Arch Dis Child. 2003 May;88(5):446-9
12716723
Hepatology. 2002 Nov;36(5):1246-52
12395336
Pediatr Nephrol. 1998 Aug;12(6):479-84
9745873
Am J Transplant. 2004 Jul;4(7):1103-9
15196068
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 May;2(3):563-75
17699464
Hepatology. 2004 Nov;40(5):1072-7
15486926
Kidney Int Suppl. 1991 Dec;35:S24-33
1770708
Kidney Int. 2005 Oct;68(4):1750-8
16164651
Transplantation. 1996 Jul 27;62(2):297-9
8755832
J Hepatol. 1989 May;8(3):367-72
2471723
J Viral Hepat. 2003 Jul;10(4):298-305
12823597
Hepatology. 2007 Feb;45(2):507-39
17256718
J Med Virol. 2007 Sep;79(9):1305-11
17607789
Am J Nephrol. 1997;17(2):112-7
9096440
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009 May;24(5):1598-603
19096083
Nephron. 1990;55(1):37-44
2191232
JAMA. 2006 Jan 4;295(1):65-73
16391218
Clin Exp Nephrol. 2009 Aug;13(4):373-377
19169768
Kidney Int. 1995 Jan;47(1):225-30
7731150
Tissue Antigens. 2003 Dec;62(6):505-11
14617034
Kidney Int. 1999 May;55(5):1763-75
10231439
Transplantation. 1991 Feb;51(2):391-6
1994533
Pediatr Nephrol. 1994 Feb;8(1):11-4
8142208
Clin Nephrol. 2006 Jan;65(1):53-6
16429843
Gastroenterology. 1987 Feb;92(2):524-6
3792787
Hepatology. 1999 Jan;29(1):257-63
9862875
Hepatology. 1985 Mar-Apr;5(2):317-20
3979964
J Med Virol. 2006 May;78(5):551-60
16555286
Clin Transplant. 2010 Mar-Apr;24(2):207-12
19758269
BMJ. 1988 Aug 20-27;297(6647):522-3
3139182
Hepatology. 2009 May;49(5 Suppl):S129-37
19399799
Int J Infect Dis. 2009 May;13(3):394-8
19036623
Pediatr Nephrol. 1992 Sep;6(5):417-20
1280987
Am J Transplant. 2009 Aug;9(8):1853-8
19538486
J Med Virol. 2007 Nov;79(11):1655-63
17854044
Kidney Int Suppl. 1991 Dec;35:S34-9
1837572
Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Apr 15;36(8):1070-3
12684922