title: Turbidity suppression from the ballistic to the diffusive regime in biological tissues using optical phase conjugation.
abstract: We describe the amplitude and resolution trends of the signals acquired by turbidity suppression through optical phase conjugation (TSOPC) with samples that span the ballistic and diffusive scattering regimes. In these experiments, the light field scattered through a turbid material is written into a hologram, and a time-reversed copy of the light field is played back through the sample. In this manner, the wavefront originally incident on the sample is reconstructed. We examine a range of scattering samples including chicken breast tissue sections of increasing thickness and polyacrylamide tissue-mimicking phantoms with increasing scattering coefficients. Our results indicate that only a small portion of the scattered wavefront (<0.02%) must be collected to reconstruct a TSOPC signal. Provided the sample is highly scattering, all essential angular information is contained within such small portions of the scattered wavefront due to randomization by scattering. A model is fitted to our results, describing the dependence of the TSOPC signal on other measurable values within the system and shedding light on the efficiency of the phase conjugation process. Our results describe the highest level of scattering that has been phase conjugated in biological tissues to date.
authors.affiliation: California Institute of Technology, Department of Bioengineering, 1200 East California Boulevard, Mail Code 136-93, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. emilymcd@caltech.edu
authors.forename: Emily J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Ivo M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Vellekoop
authors.forename: Vahan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Senekerimyan
authors.forename: Zahid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yaqoob
authors.forename: Changhuei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001940:Breast / Q000502:physiology*; D002645:Chickens; D003198:Computer Simulation; D008027:Light; D008954:Models, Biological; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012542:Scattering, Radiation
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