title: Underappreciated opportunities for low-density lipoprotein management in patients with cardiometabolic residual risk.
abstract: Prospective studies of coronary heart disease patients with disorders of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), have shown that these patients usually display high levels of low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL-P) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein particles (HDL-P). In multiple prospective studies, high levels of LDL-P are more predictive of CHD risk than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The conventional goal of lipid lowering treatment is to lower LDL-C levels; however LDL-C is unrelated to the severity of insulin resistance. Among high cardiometabolic risk patients with LDL-C <100 mg/dL, about two-thirds of patients have a high LDL-P (>1000 nmol/L) despite this "optimal" level of LDL-C. For high cardiometabolic risk patients, LDL-P should be considered a primary goal of therapy due to its stronger association with cardiovascular risk. Further, we propose that certain lipid-altering therapies may be particularly useful in reducing cardiovascular events in statin-treated patients, not simply due to their improvement in LDL-C goal attainment, but due to their effects on lowering the number of low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL-P).
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. robert.rosenson@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rosenson
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pourfarzib
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology / Q000379:methods; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000737:chemistry; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL