Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of fucoxanthin isolated from brown algae in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
In this study, potential anti-inflammatory effect of fucoxanthin isolated from brown algae was assessed via inhibitory effect of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The Myagropsis myagroides was selected for further experiments due to its profound NO inhibitory effect, and was partitioned with different organic solvents. Highest NO inhibitory effect was detected in the chloroform fraction, and the active compound was identified as fucoxanthin, a kind of carotenoid available in brown algae evidenced high correlation with the inhibitory effect of NO production (r(2)=0.9511). Though, fucoxanthin significantly inhibited the NO production, it slightly reduced the prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein expressions were inhibited by fucoxanthin. Further, RT-PCR analysis indicated that the iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expressions were suppressed by fucoxanthin. Moreover, the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the mRNA expression levels of those cytokines were reduced by the addition of fucoxanthin in a dose-dependent manner. Hence, these results suggest that the use of fucoxanthin may be a useful therapeutic approach for the various inflammatory diseases.
Heo
Soo-Jin
SJ
Marine Living Resources Research Department, Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea.
Yoon
Weon-Jong
WJ
Kim
Kil-Nam
KN
Ahn
Gin-Nae
GN
Kang
Sung-Myung
SM
Kang
Do-Hyung
DH
Affan
Abu
A
Oh
Chulhong
C
Jung
Won-Kyo
WK
Jeon
You-Jin
YJ
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D024341:Xanthophylls; C025164:fucoxanthin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone