title: Immediate breast reconstruction with implants after skin-sparing mastectomy: a report of 96 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) has become increasingly popular as an effective treatment for patients with early-stage breast cancer requiring mastectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of IBR using permanent gel breast implants and Becker expandable breast implants after SSM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of 96 patients undergoing IBR with Beck expandable or permanent gel breast implants after SSM from July 2002 to December 2006 was performed. Of the 96 patients, 30 had IBR after SSM with conservation of the nipple-areola complex (NAC). The mean patient age was 42 years (range, 29-57 years). Aesthetic outcomes were assessed according to the breast volume, shape, and symmetry with the opposite breasts after a mean follow-up period of 44 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aesthetic outcomes were graded as excellent for 29 patients, good for 47 patients, fair for 12 patients, and poor for 8 patients. The overall complication rate was 11.5% (11/96). The complications included prosthesis loss after skin flap necrosis subsequent to hematoma formation (n = 1), skin necrosis (n = 2), partial necrosis of preserved NAC (n = 1), capsular contracture (Baker 4, n = 2), wound infection not involving the prosthesis (n = 2), inversion of the injection port (n = 2), and seroma (n = 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that prosthetic breast reconstruction is a safe, reliable method with minimal complications and good to excellent aesthetic results for the majority of patients with early-stage breast cancer. For selected patients, NAC-sparing mastectomy can be performed without increasing the risk of local recurrences. Success depends on patient selection, proper incision for SSM, total coverage of the prostheses with muscles, and careful intra- and postoperative management.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shi-Jing-Shan District, Beijing, People's Republic of China. lifcmd@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Fa-Cheng
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong-Chuan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018427:Breast Implants; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome