title: Deposition and spatial distribution of insecticides following fogger, perimeter sprays, spot sprays, and crack-and-crevice applications for treatment and control of indoor pests.
abstract: The indoor surface deposition and distribution of insecticides applied as foggers, baseboard or perimeter sprays, spot sprays and crack-and-crevice sprays represent distinct pathways of potential unintentional and unavoidable residential pesticide exposure of children and adults. Fogger, perimeter spray, crack-and-crevice, and spot sprays using registered commercial products were studied using three 5-part deposition plates positioned in unoccupied residences in Riverside, CA. Pesticide active ingredients included permethrin, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin. Horizontal distribution factors of 100% (total release fogger in a small room), 50% (perimeter spray), 15% (crack-and-crevice), and 2% (spot spray) were assigned based upon application of selected commercial products by a licensed pest control operator and investigators who participated in these studies. This research reduces uncertainties associated with assessing human exposure following different application methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sell
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Krieger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues