title: Transcriptional regulation of NADPH oxidase isoforms, Nox1 and Nox4, by nuclear factor-kappaB in human aortic smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Inflammation-induced changes in the activity and expression of NADPH oxidases (Nox) play a key role in atherogenesis. The molecular mechanisms of Nox regulation are scantily elucidated. Since nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) controls the expression of many genes associated to inflammation-related diseases, in this study we have investigated the role of NF-kappaB signaling in the regulation of Nox1 and Nox4 transcription in human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Cultured cells were exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), a potent inducer of both Nox and NF-kappaB, up to 24h. Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence and dichlorofluorescein assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis showed that inhibition of NF-kappaB pathway reduced significantly the TNFalpha-dependent up-regulation of Nox-derived reactive oxygen species production, Nox1 and Nox4 expression. In silico analysis indicated the existence of typical NF-kappaB elements in the promoters of Nox1 and Nox4. Transient overexpression of p65/NF-kappaB significantly increased the promoter activities of both isoforms. Physical interaction of p65/NF-kappaB proteins with the predicted sites was demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. These findings demonstrate that NF-kappaB is an essential regulator of Nox1- and Nox4-containing NADPH oxidase in SMCs. Elucidation of the complex relationships between NF-kappaB and Nox enzymes may lead to a novel pharmacological strategy to reduce both inflammation and oxidative stress in atherosclerosis and its associated complications.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology Nicolae Simionescu, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, Bucharest, P.O. Box 35-14, Romania. adrian.manea@icbp.ro
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manea
authors.forename: Laurentia I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Tanase
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raicu
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simionescu
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D000074624:NADPH Oxidase 1; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000074624:NADPH Oxidase 1; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C402799:NOX1 protein, human; C498910:NOX4 protein, human