title: Radical prostatectomy: evolution of surgical technique from the laparoscopic point of view.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature and present a current picture of the evolution in radical prostatectomy from the laparoscopic point of view.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an extensive Medline literature search. Articles obtained regarding laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) and our experience at Institut Montsouris were used for reassessing anatomical and technical issues in radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LRP nuances were reassessed by surgical teams in order to verify possible weaknesses in their performance. Our basic approach was to carefully study the anatomy and pioneer open surgery descriptions in order to standardized and master a technique. The learning curve is presented in terms of an objective evaluation of outcomes for cancer control and functional results. In terms of technique-outcomes, there are several key elements in radical prostatectomy, such as dorsal vein control-apex exposure and nerve sparing with particular implications in oncological and functional results. Major variations among the surgical teams' performance and follow-up prevented objective comparisons in radical prostatectomy. The remarkable evolution of LRP needs to be supported by comprehensive results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radical prostatectomy is a complex surgical operation with difficult objectives. Surgical technique should be standardized in order to allow an adequate and reliable performance in all settings, keeping in mind that cancer control remains the primary objective. Reassessing anatomy and a return to basics in surgical technique is the means to improve outcomes and overcome the difficult task of the learning curve, especially in minimally access urological surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institut Montsouris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France. xavier.cathelineau@imm.org
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cathelineau
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Salas
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barret
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rozet
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galiano
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benoist
authors.forename: Oleksandr
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stakhovsky
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vallancien
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000601:surgery*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome