title: Cholesterol efflux potential and antiinflammatory properties of high-density lipoprotein after treatment with niacin or anacetrapib.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of treatments with niacin or anacetrapib (an inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein) on the ability of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to promote net cholesterol efflux and reduce toll-like receptor-mediated inflammation in macrophages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18 patients received niacin, 2 g/d, for 4 weeks; 20 patients received anacetrapib, 300 mg/d, for 8 weeks; and 2 groups (n=4 and n=5 patients) received placebo. HDL samples were isolated by polyethylene glycol precipitation or ultracentrifugation, tested for the ability to promote cholesterol efflux in cholesterol-loaded THP-I or mouse peritoneal macrophages, or used to pretreat macrophages, followed by lipopolysaccharide exposure. HDL cholesterol levels were increased by 30% in response to niacin and by approximately 100% in response to anacetrapib. Niacin treatment increased HDL-mediated net cholesterol efflux from foam cells, primarily by increasing HDL concentration, whereas anacetrapib treatment increased cholesterol efflux by both increasing HDL concentration and causing increased efflux at matched HDL concentrations. The increased efflux potential of anacetrapib-HDL was more prominent at higher HDL cholesterol concentrations (>12 microg/mL), which was associated with an increased content of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and apolipoprotein E and completely dependent on the expression of ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1). Potent antiinflammatory effects of HDL were observed at low HDL concentrations (3 to 20 microg/mL) and were partly dependent on the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1. All HDL preparations showed similar antiinflammatory effects, proportionate to the HDL cholesterol concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Niacin treatment caused a moderate increase in the ability of HDL to promote net cholesterol efflux, whereas inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein via anacetrapib led to a more dramatic increase in association with enhanced particle functionality at higher HDL concentrations. All HDLs exhibited potent ability to suppress macrophage toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammatory responses, in a process partly dependent on cholesterol efflux via ABCA1 and ABCG1.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA. ly2159@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yvan-Charvet
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kling
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pagler
authors.forename: Hongna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Carl P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Sparrow
authors.forename: Andrew K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Taggart
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Tall
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009525:Niacin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C577836:ABCA1 protein, human; C487540:ABCG1 protein, mouse; D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C506642:CETP protein, human; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008074:Lipoproteins; D023303:Oxazolidinones; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D009525:Niacin; D002784:Cholesterol; C530884:anacetrapib
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