title: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy: the effect of the learning curve, and concentrating expertise, on operating times.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic nephrectomy is an accepted alternative to open nephrectomy. We analyzed our first 80 procedures of laparoscopic nephrectomy to evaluate the effect of experience and configuration of service on operative times.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 80 consecutive children who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy or heminephrectomy during an 11-year period from 1997 at Christchurch Hospital (Christchurch, New Zealand) was conducted. Operative times, in relation to the experience of the surgeon for this procedure, were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four surgeons, assisted by an annually rotating trainee registrar, performed the procedure in 26 girls and 54 boys (range, 8 months to 15 years). Operating times ranged from 38 to 225 minutes (mean, 104). The average operative time fell from 105 to 90 minutes. One surgeon performed 40% of the procedures and assisted with a further 55%. The operative times for all surgeons showed a tendency to reduce, but this was not marked.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most procedures were performed by two surgeons working together, although one surgeon was involved in the majority of cases. The lead surgeon is often assisted by a fellow consultant colleague. Operative times were influenced by experience, but not markedly so. The shorter operative times and minimal "learning curve," compared with other reported series, may, in part, be due to the involvement of two surgeons experienced in laparoscopy for the majority of cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand .
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: Kiki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maoate
authors.forename: Spencer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beasley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D009520:New Zealand; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome