title: Role of the renin-angiotensin system in age-related sarcopenia and diastolic dysfunction.
abstract: The purpose of this review is to describe how recent pharmacological and genetic studies have contributed to our understanding of the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in age-related sarcopenia and diastolic dysfunction. Treatment strategies are limited in the context of both of these conditions, although interventions, which include blockade of the RAS (using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers) are successful and lead to improvements in functional outcomes that are not necessarily mediated by hemodynamic effects of the drugs. Studies in animal models of sarcopenia and diastolic dysfunction point to ubiquitous effects of RAS blockade on multiple biological mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative damage and metabolic dysregulation. Therefore, a re-evaluation of the use of these drugs in other conditions should be considered for maintaining functional independence in older individuals.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, 1329 SW 16th Street, Room 5274, PO Box 100143, Gainesville, FL 32610-0143, USA, Tel.: +1 352 273 5727;
authors.forename: Christy S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Groban
references.citation: J Am Soc Nephrol. 1994 Oct;5(4):1147-52
references.pmid: 7849256
references.citation: Circ Res. 1999 Apr 2;84(6):695-703
references.pmid: 10189357
references.citation: Hypertension. 2001 Oct;38(4):884-90
references.pmid: 11641303
references.citation: Am J Cardiol. 2003 May 22;91(10A):15G-21G
references.pmid: 12781904
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2003 Feb;26(2):372-9
references.pmid: 12547865
references.citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003 Mar;51(3):323-30
references.pmid: 12588575
references.citation: Mayo Clin Proc. 1988 Feb;63(2):137-46
references.pmid: 3276974
references.citation: Circ Res. 1993 Jun;72(6):1245-54
references.pmid: 8495553
references.citation: Lancet. 2002 Mar 16;359(9310):926-30
references.pmid: 11918911
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Aug 15;43(4):477-503
references.pmid: 17640558
references.citation: Hypertension. 2001 Nov;38(5):1130-6
references.pmid: 11711510
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 May;25(5):932-43
references.pmid: 15731494
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003 Feb;94(2):744-51
references.pmid: 12391069
references.citation: FASEB J. 2003 Jun;17(9):1096-8
references.pmid: 12709417
references.citation: Circ Res. 1999 Oct 1;85(7):643-50
references.pmid: 10506489
references.citation: Lancet. 1999 Feb 13;353(9152):541-5
references.pmid: 10028982
references.citation: J Immunol. 2003 Apr 1;170(7):3866-73
references.pmid: 12646655
references.citation: Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 2002 Mar;95(3):204-12
references.pmid: 11998336
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jan 10;160(1):53-60
references.pmid: 10632305
references.citation: Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004 Jan;5(1):181-93
references.pmid: 14680446
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001 Jun;90(6):2157-65
references.pmid: 11356778
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Jul 15;156(2):110-21
references.pmid: 12117699
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1996 Dec 19;335(25):1897-905
references.pmid: 8948566
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1987 Jan;79(1):1-6
references.pmid: 3025255
references.citation: J Immunol. 2003 Jul 1;171(1):346-52
references.pmid: 12817017
references.citation: Circ Res. 1993 Sep;73(3):413-23
references.pmid: 8348686
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1999 Dec;277(6):E1130-41
references.pmid: 10600804
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2007 Aug 23;357(8):789-96
references.pmid: 17715411
references.citation: Diabetes. 1996 Jan;45 Suppl 1:S120-4
references.pmid: 8529792
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Feb;37(2):662-7
references.pmid: 11216994
references.citation: Nephron. 1990;55 Suppl 1:90-5
references.pmid: 2345596
references.citation: Metabolism. 1995 Feb;44(2):267-72
references.pmid: 7869926
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2003 Nov 13;349(20):1893-906
references.pmid: 14610160
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 May;88(5):1571-5
references.pmid: 10797114
references.citation: Am J Nephrol. 2007;27(6):545-53
references.pmid: 17785964
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Jun;92(6):2617-24
references.pmid: 12015381
references.citation: J Card Fail. 2005 Oct;11(8):576-85
references.pmid: 16230259
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2006 Oct;27(19):2338-45
references.pmid: 16963472
references.citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 Dec;49(12):1641-5
references.pmid: 11843997
references.citation: Congest Heart Fail. 2005 Nov-Dec;11(6):322-4; quiz 325
references.pmid: 16330908
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2004 Jul 20;141(2):102-12
references.pmid: 15262665
references.citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004 Jul;52(7):1105-13
references.pmid: 15209648
references.citation: Hypertension. 2000 Jun;35(6):1270-7
references.pmid: 10856276
references.citation: Hypertension. 1995 Mar;25(3):437-42
references.pmid: 7875769
references.citation: Am J Med. 1999 May;106(5):506-12
references.pmid: 10335721
references.citation: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1997 Jul;52(4):M201-8
references.pmid: 9224431
references.citation: Circulation. 1995 Sep 15;92(6):1387-8
references.pmid: 7664416
references.citation: Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 2004 Jan-Feb;13(1):29-38
references.pmid: 14724399
references.citation: J Lab Clin Med. 2004 Jan;143(1):41-51
references.pmid: 14749684
references.citation: Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi. 1999 Oct;41(7):692-6
references.pmid: 10572394
references.citation: Peptides. 1996;17(6):1009-15
references.pmid: 8899821
references.citation: Stroke. 2003 Oct;34(10):2333-8
references.pmid: 12958329
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Sep;68(3):584-90
references.pmid: 9734734
references.citation: Hum Genet. 1998 Jul;103(1):48-50
references.pmid: 9737775
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1999 Jul;277(1):R332-6
references.pmid: 10409290
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1996 Jan 1;97(1):244-9
references.pmid: 8550842
references.citation: JAMA. 1995 May 10;273(18):1450-6
references.pmid: 7654275
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 1995 Mar 13;361(1):22-4
references.pmid: 7890034
references.citation: Endocrinology. 1998 May;139(5):2579-87
references.pmid: 9564874
references.citation: Diabetes. 1997 Dec;46(12):1950-7
references.pmid: 9392479
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2000 Apr;57(4):1346-51
references.pmid: 10760065
references.citation: Circulation. 1994 Sep;90(3):1328-33
references.pmid: 8087942
references.citation: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Aug;279(2):E366-75
references.pmid: 10913037
references.citation: Hypertension. 1994 Feb;23(2):258-68
references.pmid: 8307637
references.citation: Circulation. 1990 Mar;81(3):1039-46
references.pmid: 2155071
references.citation: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004 May;59(5):416-23
references.pmid: 15123750
references.citation: Hypertension. 1992 Feb;19(2 Suppl):II237-42
references.pmid: 1735586
references.citation: Annu Rev Nutr. 2002;22:325-46
references.pmid: 12055349
references.citation: Nutr Rev. 1993 Jan;51(1):1-11
references.pmid: 8446301
references.citation: Clin Sci (Lond). 1995 Oct;89(4):431-9
references.pmid: 7493444
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Aug;89(2):687-94
references.pmid: 10926655
references.citation: Respir Res. 2001;2(5):269-72
references.pmid: 11686894
references.citation: Clin Nephrol. 2003 Jul;60 Suppl 1:S2-12
references.pmid: 12940529
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2003 Apr;124(4):1010-9
references.pmid: 12671898
references.citation: Am J Hypertens. 2000 Mar;13(3):290-7
references.pmid: 10777034
references.citation: Aging Cell. 2003 Feb;2(1):1-7
references.pmid: 12882328
references.citation: Lancet. 2003 Sep 6;362(9386):777-81
references.pmid: 13678871
references.citation: Am J Kidney Dis. 1999 Sep;34(3):445-55
references.pmid: 10469854
references.citation: J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996 May;7(5):676-80
references.pmid: 8738801
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1995 Jul;269(1 Pt 2):F110-5
references.pmid: 7631824
references.citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999 Jun;47(6):639-46
references.pmid: 10366160
references.citation: Exp Gerontol. 2004 Jan;39(1):17-24
references.pmid: 14724060
references.citation: Circulation. 2003 May 6;107(17):2264-9
references.pmid: 12707246
references.citation: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2000 Mar;278(3):R572-7
references.pmid: 10712274
references.citation: Br J Radiol. 2007 Sep;80 Spec No 1:S23-31
references.pmid: 17704323
references.citation: Sci Prog. 2000;83(Pt 4):317-36
references.pmid: 11233367
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1997 Feb;272(2 Pt 2):R514-8
references.pmid: 9124472
references.citation: High Alt Med Biol. 2001 Summer;2(2):201-10
references.pmid: 11443001
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Jan 13;230(2):238-41
references.pmid: 9016756
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1999 Oct;87(4):1313-6
references.pmid: 10517757
references.citation: Exp Gerontol. 2003 Aug;38(8):877-86
references.pmid: 12915209
references.citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004 Jun;52(6):961-6
references.pmid: 15161462
references.citation: JAMA. 2005 Aug 10;294(6):691-8
references.pmid: 16091571