title: Transforming growth factor-beta signaling curbs thymic negative selection promoting regulatory T cell development.
abstract: Thymus-derived naturally occurring regulatory T (nTreg) cells are necessary for immunological self-tolerance. nTreg cell development is instructed by the T cell receptor and can be induced by agonist antigens that trigger T cell-negative selection. How T cell deletion is regulated so that nTreg cells are generated is unclear. Here we showed that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling protected nTreg cells and antigen-stimulated conventional T cells from apoptosis. Enhanced apoptosis of TGF-beta receptor-deficient nTreg cells was associated with high expression of proapoptotic proteins Bim, Bax, and Bak and low expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Ablation of Bim in mice corrected the Treg cell development and homeostasis defects. Our results suggest that nTreg cell commitment is independent of TGF-beta signaling. Instead, TGF-beta promotes nTreg cell survival by antagonizing T cell negative selection. These findings reveal a critical function for TGF-beta in control of autoreactive T cell fates with important implications for understanding T cell self-tolerance mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Weiming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Beckett
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ming O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000276:immunology; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008954:Models, Biological; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; C000606776:Bcl2l11 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
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