title: A new resting trap to sample fungus-infected mosquitoes, and the pathogenicity of Lecanicillium muscarium to culicid adults.
abstract: Some soil-dwelling entomopathogenic fungi that are widely used in pest control are also able to reduce the survival of adult mosquito vectors under laboratory conditions. However, there is still little information about the naturally occurring fungal pathogens affecting culicid mosquitoes. As such, we hypothesized that fungi that already kill mosquitoes in realistic domestic environments could be effective against these vectors in human habitations. A simple, inexpensive, handmade, cylindrical kiln-fired clay pot (30 cm height, 24 cm inner diameter, 0.8-1cm wall thickness) was modified into a trapping device for resting adult mosquitoes and to sample fungus-infected moribund and dead individuals. The entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium was isolated from a dead culicid mosquito collected with this trap in southeastern Tanzania. This isolate is the first L. muscarium reported to occur naturally on adult culicids in Tanzania and was found to be pathogenic also to adults of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions. The trapping device confirmed its efficacy to sample mosquito-specific fungi in domestic locations and that the isolated fungus might have potential for mosquito control.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiânia, GO, Brazil. wolf@iptsp.ufg.br
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luz
authors.forename: Ladslaus L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Mnyone
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sangusangu
authors.forename: Issa N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Lyimo
authors.forename: Luiz F N
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Humber
authors.forename: Tanya L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009033:Culicidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000382:microbiology*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013636:Tanzania