title: Effects of a 1-year dietary intervention with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched olive oil on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a worldwide diffuse condition due to alimentary, environment and genetic factors. The aim of our preliminary study was to evaluate the effectiveness of long-term consumption of food enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in patients with NAFLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients were enrolled; six (four males, two females) were planned for oral administration of 6.5 ml olive oil enriched with n-3 PUFA for 12 months, while five (four males, one female) were used as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consumption of olive oil enriched with n-3 PUFA demonstrated a significant improvement of liver echo-texture and of the Doppler Perfusion Index after 12 months (after: 0.19 ± 0.02 vs. pre: 0.15 ± 0.03; P < 0.05), whereas no significant changes were seen at the end of follow-up in controls. Moreover, patients who consumed the olive oil enriched with n-3 PUFA showed a significant amelioration of liver enzymes, and of triglycerides (post: 132.8 ± 63.7 vs. pre: 164.5 ± 85.5 mg/dl; P = 0.04) in a general linear model adjusted for age and gender. Interestingly, patients reported to have a significant increase of adiponectin levels (post: 1,487.9 ± 96.7 vs. pre: 1,143 ± 24.8 μg/ml; P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this preliminary study showed that long-term consumption of olive oil enriched with n-3 PUFA in patients with NAFLD is able to decrease circulating liver enzymes and triglycerides, with a significant improvement of adiponectin levels.
authors.affiliation: Regional Agency of Nutrition, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. francescosofi@gmail.com
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sofi
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Giangrandi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cesari
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Corsani
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abbate
authors.forename: Gian Franco
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gensini
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casini
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004798:Enzymes; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides