title: Effects of perfluorocarbons on surfactant exocytosis and membrane properties in isolated alveolar type II cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perfluorocarbons (PFC) are used to improve gas exchange in diseased lungs. PFC have been shown to affect various cell types. Thus, effects on alveolar type II (ATII) cells and surfactant metabolism can be expected, data, however, are controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study was performed to test two hypotheses: (I) the effects of PFC on surfactant exocytosis depend on their respective vapor pressures; (II) different pathways of surfactant exocytosis are affected differently by PFC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated ATII cells were exposed to two PFC with different vapor pressures and spontaneous surfactant exocytosis was measured. Furthermore, surfactant exocytosis was stimulated by either ATP, PMA or ionomycin. The effects of PFC on cell morphology, cellular viability, endocytosis, membrane permeability and fluidity were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The spontaneous exocytosis was reduced by PFC, however, the ATP and PMA stimulated exocytosis was slightly increased by PFC with high vapor pressure. In contrast, Ionomycin-induced exocytosis was decreased by PFC with low vapor pressure. Cellular uptake of FM 1-43 - a marker of membrane integrity - was increased. However, membrane fluidity, endocytosis and viability were not affected by PFC incubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that PFC effects can be explained by modest, unspecific interactions with the plasma membrane rather than by specific interactions with intracellular targets.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Dresden, Department for Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Technical University Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wemhöner
authors.forename: Irmgard
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hackspiel
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hobi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ravasio
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rüdiger
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D056809:Alveolar Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008560:Membrane Fluidity / Q000187:drug effects; D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D055548:Vapor Pressure
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins; C008805:perfluorodecalin; D015759:Ionomycin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C003073:perfluoromethylcyclohexane
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