title: Enhancement of anti-DIII antibodies by the C3d derivative P28 results in lower viral titers and augments protection in mice.
abstract: Antibodies generated against West Nile virus (WNV) during infection are essential for controlling dissemination. Recent studies have demonstrated that epitopes in all three domains of the flavivirus envelope protein (E) are targets for neutralizing antibodies, with determinants in domain III (DIII) eliciting antibodies with strong inhibitory properties. In order to increase the magnitude and quality of the antibody response against the WNV E protein, DNA vaccines with derivatives of the WNV E gene (full length E, truncated E, or DIII region, some in the context of the pre-membrane [prM] gene) were conjugated to the molecular adjuvant P28. The P28 region of the complement protein C3d is the minimum CR2-binding domain necessary for the adjuvant activity of C3d. Delivery of DNA-based vaccines by gene gun and intramuscular routes stimulated production of IgG antibodies against the WNV DIII region of the E protein. With the exception of the vaccine expressing prM/E given intramuscularly, only mice that received DNA vaccines by gene gun produced protective neutralizing antibody titers (FRNT80 titer >1/40). Correspondingly, mice vaccinated by the gene gun route were protected to a greater level from lethal WNV challenge. In general, mice vaccinated with P28-adjuvated vaccines produced higher IgG titers than mice vaccinated with non-adjuvanted vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, 9047 Biomedical Science Tower 3, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Shannan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mehlhop
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: Ted M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D015933:Complement C3d / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D014709:Vero Cells; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D015933:Complement C3d
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