title: Experimental infection of the opossum Didelphis aurita by Rickettsia felis, Rickettsia bellii, and Rickettsia parkeri and evaluation of the transmission of the infection to ticks Amblyomma cajennense and Amblyomma dubitatum.
abstract: This work evaluated the infection of opossums (Didelphis aurita) by Rickettsia felis, Rickettsia bellii, and Rickettsia parkeri and their role as amplifier hosts for horizontal transmission to Amblyomma cajennense and/or Amblyomma dubitatum ticks. Infection in D. aurita was induced by intraperitoneal inoculation with R. felis (n = 4 opossums), R. bellii (n = 4), and R. parkeri (n = 2). Another group of six opossums were inoculated intraperitoneally with Leibovitz-15 sterile culture medium, representing the uninfected groups (n = 2 opossums simultaneously to each infected group). Opossum blood samples collected during the study were used for DNA extraction, followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting the rickettsial gene gltA, hematology, and detection of Rickettsia spp.-reactive antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Opossums were infested with uninfected A. cajennense and/or A. dubitatum for 30 days postinoculation (DPI). Flat ticks molted from ticks fed on opossums were allowed to feed on uninfected rabbits, which were tested for seroconversion by immunofluorescence assay. Samples of flat ticks were also tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Inoculated opossums showed no clinical abnormalities. Antibodies to Rickettsia spp. were first detected at the second to fourth DPI, with detectable titers until the 150th DPI. Rickettsemia was detected only in one opossum inoculated with R. parkeri, at the eighth DPI. Only one A. cajennense tick (2.0%) previously fed on a R. parkeri-inoculated opossum became infected. None of the rabbits infested with opossum-derived ticks seroconverted. The study demonstrated that R. felis, R. bellii, and R. parkeri were capable to produce antibody response in opossums, however, with undetectable rickettsemia for R. felis and R. bellii, and very low rickettsemia for R. parkeri. Further studies must be done with different strains of these rickettsiae, most importantly the strains that have never gone through in vitro passages.
authors.affiliation: Colegiado de Medicina Veterinária, Campus de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brasil. maurivet@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Maurício C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Horta
authors.forename: Guilherme S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sabatini
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moraes-Filho
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogrzewalska
authors.forename: Raoní B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Canal
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.forename: Thiago F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Eliana R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Matushima
authors.forename: Marcelo B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Labruna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048293:Didelphis / Q000382:microbiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D012281:Rickettsia / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012282:Rickettsia Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*