title: The impact of simulated birth trauma and ovariectomy on the gene expression of detrusor muscarinic receptors in female rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to investigate the effects of simulated birth trauma and ovariectomy on detrusor muscarinic receptors (M2 and M3), urethral neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and estrogen receptor beta (ER beta).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty primiparous rats were equally divided into five groups: group A--delivery, group B--delivery plus ovariectomy, group C--delivery plus balloon dilatation for 2 h, group D--delivery plus balloon dilatation for 4 h, and group E--delivery plus balloon dilatation for 2 h plus ovariectomy. The gene expression of M2, M3, nNOS, and ER beta were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant decreases in mRNA expression of M2 receptors and nNOS (P < 0.05), and a significant increase in M3 mRNA expression (P < 0.05) were observed in groups D and E when compared with group A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ovariectomy following birth trauma may synergistically impact the function of urinary tract, this being possibly related to the modification of the gene expression of muscarinic receptors.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Chin-Hu
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Cheng-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yung-Hung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chiu-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Eing-Mei
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014521:Urethra / Q000378:metabolism; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I
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