title: The divergent opinions of nurses, nurse managers and nurse directors: the case in Lebanon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study provides an overview of the status of the nursing profession in Lebanon and compares and contrasts the opinions of directors, nurse supervisors/managers and nurses regarding the nursing profession and the workplace.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There are limited publications concerning the working conditions of nurses in Lebanon, and no studies on the views of directors, supervisors/managers and nurses regarding the priorities of the nursing profession. Such data are necessary to build a sound theoretical basis on which recommendations for improving the nursing profession in Lebanon are made as well as to compare and contrast cross cultural findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 45 hospitals using a mixed methods design. Qualitative data was obtained from 45 nursing directors whereas quantitative data were collected from 64 nursing supervisors and 624 nurses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similarities and differences in the opinions of nurses, nurse supervisors/managers and nurse directors regarding critical issues for the nursing profession are discussed and contrasted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses are more likely to be satisfied and committed to their profession when they feel that their opinions are being heard and that their work environment promotes professional advancement.
authors.affiliation: Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA, USA. linakbadr@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Badr
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rizk
authors.forename: Randa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D007861:Lebanon; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009718:Nurse Administrators; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009726:Nurses / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009745:Nursing, Supervisory; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012938:Social Perception; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload; D017132:Workplace