Cocaine deprivation effect: cue abstinence over weekends boosts anticipatory 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats.
In drug dependence studies, rats are often tested daily with short breaks (such as weekends) spent untested in their home cages. Research on alcohol models has suggested that breaks from continuous testing can transiently enhance self-administration (termed the "alcohol deprivation effect"). The present study explored whether the salience of cocaine-access cues is increased after skipping weekend cocaine and cue exposures. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of the 50-kHz class are emitted by rats exposed to intravenous cocaine and have been shown to increase with repeated drug exposure at the same dose level (sensitization). The present study found that over the course of several weeks of cocaine self- or yoked-administration pre-drug cues signaling forthcoming access or delivery of cocaine elicited marked amounts of anticipatory 50-kHz USVs, and that weekend deprivation from cues and cocaine exaggerated further the level of calling (more calls on Mondays compared to Fridays). Anticipatory USVs extinguished less rapidly when weekend access to unreinforced cues was denied. The results may have clinical implications, in that intermittently avoiding cues or context may enhance drug cue salience and resistance to extinction.
Maier
Esther Y
EY
College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Ahrens
Allison M
AM
Ma
Sean T
ST
Schallert
Timothy
T
Duvauchelle
Christine L
CL
D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003463:Cues; D005108:Extinction, Psychological; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012646:Self Administration; D013997:Time Factors; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*
D003042:Cocaine
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1996 Jun;125(3):202-8
8815954
J Subst Abuse Treat. 1989;6(2):95-106
2746717
Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Jan;155(1):124-6
9433350
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999 Dec;147(3):306-13
10639690
Behav Neurosci. 2009 Apr;123(2):328-36
19331456
Brain Res. 2000 Apr 17;862(1-2):49-58
10799668
Neurosci Lett. 2009 Mar 27;453(1):31-5
19429010
Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):1017-9
15310907
Behav Brain Res. 2010 Sep 1;212(1):109-14
20382187
J Neurosci. 2004 Sep 22;24(38):8245-52
15385608
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2004 Nov;79(3):439-50
15582015
Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1993 Sep-Dec;18(3):247-91
8401595
Behav Neurosci. 2000 Oct;114(5):983-90
11085613
Behav Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;18(4):297-302
17551322
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2008 Oct 12;363(1507):3137-46
18640920
Psychol Bull. 2002 Nov;128(6):961-77
12405139
Addiction. 2000 Aug;95 Suppl 2:S73-81
11002904
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997 Aug;21(5):784-91
9267526
Psychol Rev. 1984 Apr;91(2):251-68
6571424
Behav Pharmacol. 2002 Sep;13(5-6):397-405
12394416
Behav Brain Res. 2009 Jan 30;197(1):205-9
18809437
J Comp Psychol. 1998 Mar;112(1):65-73
9528115
Behav Pharmacol. 1996 Dec;7(8):754-763
11224470
South Med J. 1994 Nov;87(11):1138-40
7973900
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2007 Feb;86(2):346-53
17292952
Q J Stud Alcohol. 1968 Dec;29(4):863-7
5705408
Addict Biol. 2006 Sep;11(3-4):270-88
16961759
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Apr 11;97(8):4321-6
10760299
Physiol Behav. 2008 Mar 18;93(4-5):766-76
18191963
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Jan;33(1):166-80
17805308
Behav Neurosci. 2006 Feb;120(1):103-14
16492121
Neuropharmacology. 2004;47 Suppl 1:33-46
15464124
Physiol Behav. 1999 Jun;66(4):639-43
10386908
Behav Neurosci. 2000 Apr;114(2):320-7
10832793
Behav Brain Res. 2007 Sep 4;182(2):284-9
17397940
Nat Neurosci. 2005 Nov;8(11):1481-9
16251991
Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Jan;156(1):11-8
9892292
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Aug;28(8):1463-71
12700689
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002 Jun;26(6):703-15
12007741
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001 Sep;25(3):361-72
11522464