title: Cognitive function and mortality in a community-based elderly cohort of first-ever stroke survivors and control subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the frequency and incidence of cognitive impairments not dementia, dementia, and mortality in first-ever stroke survivors and control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a longitudinal follow-up of a cohort of first-ever stroke survivors (n=98) and age-/sex-matched control subjects (n=92).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, 37 stroke survivors and 4 control subjects fulfilled Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for dementia. From baseline to follow-up, 6 new patients in the nondemented stroke cohort and 4 patients in the stroke-free cohort developed dementia, giving an incidence of 3.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46-8.65) and 1.78 (95% CI 0.49-4.57), respectively. The stroke cohort had a more than 2-fold increased risk for developing dementia (relative risk=2.14, 95% CI 0.64-7.13). The cumulative rate of mortality in the stroke cohort was 11.03 per 100 person-years (95% CI 7.7-15.3) and in the stroke-free cohort it was 3.47 per 100 person-years (95% CI 1.13-8.1). The risk for mortality after controlling for dementia cases at baseline was more than 2.5 times that of the stroke-free cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A first-ever stroke increases the risk of developing dementia, Mortality in our stroke cohort was still higher than that observed in the stroke-free cohort. Improved survival poststroke may be contributing to an increased risk for cognitive impairment or dementia in this population.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit, Cardiff University, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Conwy and Denbighshire National Health Service Trust, Rhyl, United Kingdom. peterhobson@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hobson
authors.forename: Jolyon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012016:Reference Values; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D017741:Survivors