title: Differences in albuminuria between Hispanics and whites: an evaluation by genetic ancestry and country of origin: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reports show higher prevalence of albuminuria among Hispanics compared with whites. Differences by country of origin or genetic background are unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, we studied the associations of both genetic ancestry and country of origin with albumin to creatinine ratio among 1417 Hispanic versus white participants using multivariable linear regression and back transforming beta coefficients into relative difference (%RD, 95% CI). Percentage European, Native American, and African ancestry components for Hispanics were estimated using genetic admixture analysis. The proportions of European, Native American, and African genetic ancestry differed significantly by country of origin (P<0.0001); Mexican/Central Americans had the highest Native American (41+/-13%), Puerto Ricans had the highest European (61+/-15%), and Dominicans had the highest African (39+/-21%) ancestry. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with higher albumin/creatinine ratio compared with whites, but the association varied with the country of origin (adjusted P interaction=0.04). Mexican/Central Americans and Dominicans had higher albumin/creatinine ratio compared with whites after adjustment (RD 19%, 2% to 40% and RD 27%, 1% to 61%), but not Puerto Ricans (RD 8%, -12% to 34%). Higher Native American ancestry was associated with higher albuminuria after age and sex adjustment among all Hispanics (RD 11%, 1% to 21%) but was attenuated after further adjustment. Higher European ancestry was independently associated with lower albumin/creatinine ratio among Puerto Ricans (-21%, -34% to -6%) but not among Mexican/Central Americans and Dominicans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hispanics are a heterogeneous group with varying genetic ancestry. Risks of albuminuria differ across the country of origin groups. These differences may be due, in part, to differences in genetic ancestral components.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. CarmenAlicia.Peralta@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Carmen A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Peralta
authors.forename: Yongmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wassel
authors.forename: Shweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choudhry
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Palmas
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Seldin
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Risch
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Siscovick
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arnett
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Psaty
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Shlipak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics; D000483:Alleles; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D002489:Central America; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004293:Dominican Republic; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011647:Puerto Rico; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012306:Risk; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D003404:Creatinine
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