title: The PEA-15 protein regulates autophagy via activation of JNK.
abstract: PEA-15/PED (phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15 kDa/phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes) is a death effector domain-containing protein which is known to modulate apoptotic cell death. The mechanism by which PEA-15 inhibits caspase activation and increases ERK (extracellular-regulated kinase) activity is well characterized. Here, we demonstrate that PEA-15 is not only pivotal in the activation of the ERK pathway but also modulates JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) signaling. Upon overexpression of PEA-15 in malignant glioma cells, JNK is potently activated. The PEA-15-induced JNK activation depends on the phosphorylation of PEA-15 at both phosphorylation sites (serine 104 and serine 116). The activation of JNK is substantially inhibited by siRNA-mediated down-regulation of endogenous PEA-15. Moreover, we demonstrate that glioma cells overexpressing PEA-15 show increased signs of autophagy in response to classical autophagic stimuli such as ionizing irradiation, serum deprivation, or rapamycin treatment. In contrast, the non-phosphorylatable mutants of PEA-15 are not capable of promoting autophagy. The inhibition of JNK abrogates the PEA-15-mediated increase in autophagy. In conclusion, our data show that PEA-15 promotes autophagy in glioma cells in a JNK-dependent manner. This might render glioma cells more resistant to adverse stimuli such as starvation or ionizing irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Barbara C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Böck
authors.forename: Katrin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Tagscherer
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fassl
authors.forename: Anika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oehme
authors.forename: Hans-Walter
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Zentgraf
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keith
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001343:Autophagy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C092039:PEA15 protein, human; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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