Regular physical activity moderates cardiometabolic risk in Alzheimer's caregivers.
BACKGROUND
Dementia caregivers have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and it is possible that metabolic disturbances contribute to this risk. Regular physical exercise reduces cardiometabolic risk, but caregivers may have less opportunity to engage in such activity. We hypothesized that regular physical activity would moderate cardiometabolic risk in dementia caregivers.


METHODS
One hundred and fifteen Alzheimer's caregivers and 54 noncaregiving controls were assessed for medical history and health habits. Physical activity was defined as the number of days per week participants performed light (score = 0-4), moderate (score = 0-4), or vigorous (score = 0-4) exercise (total score = 0-12). A cardiometabolic risk score was calculated by adding standardized z-scores of five metabolic syndrome components: body mass index, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and glucose.


RESULTS
Caregivers were less physically active than noncaregivers (mean ± SD = 5.1 ± 3.0 vs 6.3 ± 2.7, P = 0.008). A significant caregiver status × physical activity interaction was found for the standardized cardiometabolic risk score controlling for gender, age, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, health problems, cholesterol-lowering medication, negative affect, role overload, and fasting state (P = 0.035). Among participants with low levels of physical activity, caregivers had greater cardiometabolic risk score than noncaregivers (0.58 ± 0.31 vs -1.23 ± 0.54, P = 0.017); no group difference emerged in participants with high levels of physical activity (P = 0.81).


CONCLUSIONS
Cardiometabolic risk was particularly high in caregivers reporting reduced levels of regular physical activity. Intervention studies aimed at increasing physical activity in caregivers seem warranted to examine whether that would possibly lower cardiometabolic risk to the level of noncaregivers.
von Känel
Roland
R
Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland. roland.vonkaenel@insel.ch
Mausbach
Brent T
BT
Dimsdale
Joel E
JE
Mills
Paul J
PJ
Patterson
Thomas L
TL
Ancoli-Israel
Sonia
S
Ziegler
Michael G
MG
Roepke
Susan K
SK
Harmell
Alexandrea L
AL
Allison
Matthew
M
Grant
Igor
I
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D000544:Alzheimer Disease; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009043:Motor Activity; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
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