title: Prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in adults over 40 years: a population study from Central China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a serious public health problem worldwide. Population-based studies determining the prevalence of this disease in China have been limited in several large developed cities. In the present study, a population-based screening study in Henan, a representative province in Central China, was conducted in order to quantify the prevalence of CKD and identify the associated risk factors for this disease in a population of developing areas of China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Residents (n = 4156) over 40 years old in four major cities of Henan Province were interviewed and their albuminuria, reduced renal function, haematuria and blood pressure were measured. Associations between age, components of metabolism syndrome and indicators of CKD were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among these subjects, the prevalence rates of albuminuria, haematuria and reduced renal function were 4.51%, 6.28% and 1.53%, respectively. Approximately 10.49% of the subjects had at least one indicator of kidney damage. The awareness rate of this disease in subjects with CKD was only 9.50%. Hypertension, diabetes and hyperuricaemia were three independent risk factors for CKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence and low awareness of CKD in the studied population suggest that CKD is a severe public health problem in Central China. Effectively preventive and therapeutic interventions are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Nursing College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China. sy110@sina.com
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhangsuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaozhou
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Dongwei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001364:Awareness; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006417:Hematuria / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008403:Mass Screening; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014504:Urban Health