title: Propofol preferentially relaxes neurokinin receptor-2-induced airway smooth muscle contraction in guinea pig trachea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Propofol is the anesthetic of choice for patients with reactive airway disease and is thought to reduce intubation- or irritant-induced bronchoconstriction by decreasing the cholinergic component of vagal nerve activation. However, additional neurotransmitters, including neurokinins, play a role in irritant-induced bronchoconstriction. We questioned the mechanistic assumption that the clinically recognized protective effect of propofol against irritant-induced bronchoconstriction during intubation was due to attenuation of airway cholinergic reflexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Muscle force was continuously recorded from isolated guinea pig tracheal rings in organ baths. Rings were subjected to exogenous contractile agonists (acetylcholine, histamine, endothelin-1, substance P, acetyl-substance P, and neurokinin A) or to electrical field stimulation (EFS) to differentiate cholinergic or nonadrenergic, noncholinergic nerve-mediated contraction with or without cumulatively increasing concentrations of propofol, thiopental, etomidate, or ketamine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Propofol did not attenuate the cholinergic component of EFS-induced contraction at clinically relevant concentrations. In contrast, propofol relaxed nonadrenergic, noncholinergic-mediated EFS contraction at concentrations within the clinical range (20-100 mum, n = 9; P < 0.05), and propofol was more potent against an exogenous selective neurokinin-2 receptor versus neurokinin-1 receptor agonist contraction (n = 6, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol, at clinically relevant concentrations, relaxes airway smooth muscle contracted by nonadrenergic, noncholinergic-mediated EFS and exogenous neurokinins but not contractions elicited by the cholinergic component of EFS. These findings suggest that the mechanism of protective effects of propofol against irritant-induced bronchoconstriction involves attenuation of tachykinins released from nonadrenergic, noncholinergic nerves acting at neurokinin-2 receptors on airway smooth muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA. neil.r.gleason@hitchcock.org
authors.forename: Neil R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Gleason
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gallos
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Emala
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018041:Receptors, Neurokinin-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018041:Receptors, Neurokinin-2; D015742:Propofol
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