title: [Operative treatment of abduction and lateral rotation limitation of shoulder in obstetric brachial plexus palsy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the treatment method and effect of abduction and lateral rotation limitation of the shoulder in obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP).
  
  
  METHODS
  From February 2005 to August 2008, 11 patients with abduction and lateral rotation limitation of the shoulder in OBPP were treated with dissection of the origin of subscapular muscle, transfer of the tendons of latissimus dorsi and teres major muscle to the tendons of supraspinous and infraspinous muscles. Among them, there were 6 males and 5 females with a mean age of 6 years (1-15 years). The main clinical manifestations showed adduction, internal rotation contracture deformity of shoulder, limited active and passive external rotation and severely restricted active abduction of shoulder. The passive abduction was more than 90 degrees. According to Gilbert grading, there were 7 cases of grade 1 and 4 cases of grade 2. Based on Mallet score systems, the scores were 5 points in 3 cases, 6 points in 3 cases, and 7 points in 5 cases. The muscle strength of deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major muscle and latissimus dorsi all reached 3-4 grades.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient developed postoperative hematoma, wound healed after symptomatic management. Other patients achieved incision healing by first intention. All patients were followed up for 12 to 37 months (17 months on average). The active abduction and external rotation of the shoulder joints recovered obviously. The Gilbert grading were grade 2 in 1 case, grade 3 in 1 case, and grade 4 in 9 cases; the Mallet scores were 10 points in 1 case, 11 points in 2 cases, 12 points in 4 cases, 13 points in 3 cases, and 14 points in 1 case; showing significant differences when compared with those before operation (P < 0.01). The muscle strength of deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major muscle and latissimus dorsi increased to 4-5 grades.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dissection of the origin of subscapular muscle, transfer of the tendons of latissimus dorsi and teres major muscle to the tendons of supraspinous and infraspinous muscles can resolve shoulder adduction, internal rotation contracture, and can enhance abduction, external rotation strength. It is an effective operation for abduction and lateral rotation limitation of the shoulder in OBPP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang Henan, 471002, P.R. China. jinguoq@tom.com
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Qilin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010246:Paralysis, Obstetric / Q000601:surgery*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology