title: Voxel-based analysis of the diffusion tensor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has provided important insights into the neurobiological basis for normal development and aging and various disease processes in the central nervous system. The aim of this article is to review the current protocols for DTI acquisition and preprocessing and statistical testing for a voxelwise analysis of DTI, focused on statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested the effects of distortion correction induced by gradient nonlinearity on fractional anisotropy (FA) maps or FA skeletons processed via two SPM-based methods (coregistration and FA template methods), or TBSS-based method, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With two SPM-based methods, we found similar results in some points (e.g., significant FA elevation for uncorrected images in anterior-dominant white matter and for corrected images in bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles) and different results in other points (e.g., significantly larger FA for corrected images with coregistration method, but significantly smaller with FA template method in bilateral internal capsules, extending to corona radiata, and semioval centers). In contrast, there was no area with significant difference between uncorrected and corrected FA skeletons with TBSS-based method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The discrepancy among these results was not explained in full, but possible explanations were misregistration and smoothing for the SPM-based methods and insensitivity to FA changes outside the local centers of white matter bundles for TBSS-based method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. abediag-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Hidemasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gonoi
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Mizuho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kabasawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Haruyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamasue
authors.forename: Kiyoto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Kuni
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtomo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012984:Software; D055815:Young Adult
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