Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust.
The plant pathogenic basidiomycete fungi Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae cause rust disease in soybean plants. Phakopsora pachyrhizi originated in Asia-Australia, whereas the less aggressive P. meibomiae originated in Latin America. In the New World, P. pachyrhizi was first reported in the 1990s to have spread to Hawaii and, since 2001, it has been found in South America. In 2004, the pathogen entered continental USA. This review provides detailed information on the taxonomy and molecular biology of the pathogen, and summarizes strategies to combat the threat of this devastating disease.


METHODS
Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd; uredial anamorph: Malupa sojae (syn. Uredo sojae); Domain Eukaryota; Kingdom Fungi; Phylum Basidiomycota; Order Uredinales; Class Urediniomycetes; Family Phakopsoraceae; Genus Phakopsora (http://www.indexfungorum.org). The nomenclature of rust spores and spore-producing structures used within this review follows Agrios GN (2005) Plant Pathology, 5th edn. London: Elsevier/Academic Press.


METHODS
In the field, P. pachyrhizi infects leaf tissue from a broad range (at least 31 species in 17 genera) of leguminous plants. Infection of an additional 60 species in other genera has been achieved under laboratory conditions.


METHODS
At the beginning of the disease, small, tan-coloured lesions, restricted by leaf veins, can be observed on infected soybean leaves. Lesions enlarge and, 5-8 days after initial infection, rust pustules (uredia, syn. uredinia) become visible. Uredia develop more frequently in lesions on the lower surface of the leaf than on the upper surface. The uredia open with a round ostiole through which uredospores are released.
Goellner
Katharina
K
Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
Loehrer
Marco
M
Langenbach
Caspar
C
Conrath
Uwe
U
Koch
Eckhard
E
Schaffrath
Ulrich
U
D001208:Asia; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*
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