title: An environmental intervention to prevent excess weight gain in African-American students: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the influence of an environmental intervention to prevent excess weight gain in African-American children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-group repeated measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention was delivered to a school composed of African-American children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Approximately 45% (N = 77) of enrolled second through sixth grade students.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 18-month intervention was designed to alter the school environment to prevent excess weight gain by making healthier eating choices and physical activity opportunities more available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body mass index percentile was the primary outcome variable. Body mass index z score was also calculated, and percent body fat, using bioelectrical impedance, was also measured. Total caloric intake (kilocalories) and percent kilocalories from fat, carbohydrate, and protein were measured by digital photography. Minutes of physical activity and sedentary behavior were selfreported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed-models analysis was used with covarying baseline values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Boys maintained, whereas girls increased, percent body fat over 18 months (p = .027). All children decreased percent of kilocalories consumed from total and saturated fat and increased carbohydrate intake and self-reported physical activity during the intervention (p < .025). Body mass index z score, sedentary behavior, and total caloric intake were unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The program may have resulted in maintenance of percent body fat in boys. The percent body fat in girls steadily increased, despite similar behavioral changes as boys. School-based interventions targeting African-American children should investigate strategies that can be effective across gender.
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA. NewtonRL@pbrc.edu
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Anton
authors.forename: Corby K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Tiffany M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Champagne
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sothern
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Williamson
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates
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