title: Integrated biomarker response index for the assessment of environmental stress of the Yangtze River (Nanjing section).
abstract: In the present study, multibiomarker effects of the river water of three representative sections in Nanjing section of the Yangtze River were investigated in goldfish (Carassius auratus). The organic toxicants were extracted from the water samples using solid phase extraction. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Na+/K+-ATPase activities were determined after exposure of the extracted components. The fractions of water samples from three sections (Daqiao, Sanchahe and Jiangxinzhou) altered these enzymatic activities. With the change of the extracts polarity, the levels of AChE, GST, EROD, Na+/K+-ATPase activities were different. The responses of enzymatic activities were mostly significant for those exposures of intermediate polar components (50-80% methanol extracts) and weakly polar components (ether and ether/hexane extracts). It has been shown that toxicants were mainly concentrated in these fractions in the Yangtze River (Nanjing section). With regard to response for different sections, EROD and GST activities seem to be more sensitive biomarkers. Integrated biomarker response index (IBR) were calculated and used to evaluate an integrated impact of pollutants from different sampling sections. The order of negative biological effects of the three sections was Jiangxinzhou>Sanchahe>Daqiao. The wild fish living in Nanjing section of the Yangtze River were at potential ecological risk.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002681:China; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
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