title: Urban-rural differences in breast cancer incidence in Egypt (1999-2006).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe urban-rural differences in breast cancer incidence in Gharbiah, Egypt and to investigate if these differences could be explained by known risk factors of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the population-based cancer registry of Gharbiah, Egypt to assess breast cancer incidence from 1999 through 2006. The Egyptian census provided data on district-specific population, age, and urban-rural classification. Incidence patterns of breast cancer by district and age-specific urban-rural differences were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, incidence rate of breast cancer was three to four times higher in urban areas than in rural areas (60.9/10(5)-year for urban areas versus 17.8/10(5)-year for rural areas; IRR=3.73, 95% CI=3.30, 4.22). Urban areas had consistently higher incidence of breast cancer across all age-groups for all years. Higher incidence of breast cancer was also seen in the more developed districts of Tanta and El-Mehalla.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher incidence of breast cancer in urban and more developed populations might be related to higher exposure to xenoestrogens, as well as other endocrine disruptors and genotoxic substances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. subhojit@umich.edu
authors.forename: Subhojit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: Amr S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hablas
authors.forename: Ibrahim A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Seifeldein
authors.forename: Kadry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.forename: Hesham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Hamzawy
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Mousumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harford
authors.forename: Sofia D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Merajver
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
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