title: Survival of non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients with and without HIV infection in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the survival outcomes for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in HIV-infected vs. uninfected patients from the same integrated healthcare system, and to identify prognostic factors for HIV-related NHL in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incident NHL diagnosed between 1996 and 2005 were identified from members of Kaiser Permanente California Health Plans. Two-year all-cause and lymphoma-specific mortality by HIV status were examined using multivariable Poisson regression. Among HIV-infected patients, prognostic factors of demographics, lymphoma, and HIV-related characteristics for the same outcomes were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 259 HIV-infected and 8230 HIV-uninfected incident NHL patients were evaluated. Fifty-nine percent of HIV-infected patients died within 2 years after NHL diagnosis as compared with 30% of HIV-uninfected patients. HIV status was independently associated with a doubling of 2-year all-cause mortality (relative risk = 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.7-2.3). This elevated mortality risk for HIV-infected patients was similar for all race groups, lymphoma stages, and histologic subtypes. HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell count below 200 cells/microl, prior AIDS-defining illness, or both were also at increased risk for lymphoma-specific mortality as compared with HIV-uninfected patients. Among HIV-infected NHL patients, significant prognostic factors for overall mortality included prior AIDS-defining illness and Burkitt's subtype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-infected patients with NHL in the combined antiretroviral therapy era continue to endure substantially higher mortality compared with HIV-uninfected patients with NHL. Better management and therapeutic approaches to extend survival time for HIV-related NHL are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, USA. chun.r.chao@kp.org
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Lanfang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Leyden
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horberg
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Towner
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silverberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D016483:Lymphoma, AIDS-Related / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents
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