Changes in gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory mediator levels during the induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis in humans.
OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study is to characterize the changes in 33 biomarkers within the gingival crevicular fluid during the 3-week induction and 4-week resolution of stent-induced, biofilm overgrowth mediated, experimental gingivitis in humans.


METHODS
Experimental gingivitis was induced in 25 subjects for 21 days followed by treatment with a sonic powered toothbrush for 28 days. Clinical indices and gingival crevicular fluids were collected weekly during induction and biweekly during resolution. Samples were analysed using a bead-based multiplexing analysis for the simultaneous measurements of 33 biomarkers within each sample including cytokines, matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) and adipokines. Prostaglandin-E(2) was measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbant assay. Statistical testing using general linear models with structured covariance matrices were performed to compare stent to contralateral (non-stent) changes in clinical signs and in biomarker levels over time.


RESULTS
Gingivitis induction was associated with a significant 2.6-fold increase in interleukin 1-beta (IL-beta), a 3.1-fold increase in IL-1alpha and a significant decrease in multiple chemokines as well as MMPs-1, -3 and 13. All changes in clinical signs and mediators rebounded to baseline in response to treatment in the resolution phase.


CONCLUSIONS
Stent-induced gingivitis is associated with marked, but reversible increases in IL-alphaa and IL-1beta with suppression of multiple chemokines as well as selected MMPs.
Offenbacher
Steven
S
UNC Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, North Carolina Oral Health Institute, UNC School of Dentistry, Durham, NC 27709, USA. steve_offenbacher@dentistry.unc.edu
Barros
Silvana
S
Mendoza
L
L
Mauriello
S
S
Preisser
J
J
Moss
K
K
de Jager
Marko
M
Aspiras
Marcelo
M
D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors
D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
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