title: Effect of a motivational group intervention upon exercise self efficacy and outcome expectations for exercise in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSDs).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Persons with SSDs contend with multiple barriers to exercise. Interventions are needed to enhance attitudes theoretically linked to exercise behavior.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Examine effect of Walk, Address Sensations, Learn About Exercise, Cue Exercise for SSDs (WALC-S) intervention upon exercise self efficacy (SEE) and outcome expectations (OEES) in 97 outpatients with SSDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental, pre test posttest. Randomization to experimental (WALC-S) or time-and-attention control (TAC) after baseline SEE and OEES measures. Measures repeated after WALC-S or TAC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  N = 97, 46% female, 43% African American, average age 46.9 years (SD = 2.0). Mean SEE scores were significantly higher in WALC-S participants after intervention (F ((1,95)) = 5.92, p = 0.0168), however, mean OEES scores were significantly higher in control participants after intervention (F ((1,95)) = 5.76, p = 0.0183.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to examine SEE and OEES in SSDs. Interventions to enhance exercise attitudes are a critical first step toward the ultimate goal of increasing exercise participation.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, 1200 Volunteer Boulevard, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. lbeebe1@utk.edu
authors.forename: Lora Humphrey
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Beebe
authors.forename: Kathlene
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burk
authors.forename: Olivera
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dessieux
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Velligan
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavakoli
authors.forename: Clif
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tennison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003469:Culture; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000451:nursing*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D055815:Young Adult
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