Interaction between 5 genetic variants and allergy in glioma risk.
The etiology of glioma is barely known. Epidemiologic studies have provided evidence for an inverse relation between glioma risk and allergic disease. Genome-wide association data have identified common genetic variants at 5p15.33 (rs2736100, TERT), 8q24.21 (rs4295627, CCDC26), 9p21.3 (rs4977756, CDKN2A-CDKN2B), 11q23.3 (rs498872, PHLDB1), and 20q13.33 (rs6010620, RTEL1) as determinants of glioma risk. The authors investigated whether there is interaction between the effects of allergy and these 5 variants on glioma risk. Data from 5 case-control studies carried out in Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (2000-2004) were used, totaling 1,029 cases and 1,668 controls. Risk was inversely associated with asthma, hay fever, eczema, and "any allergy," significantly for each factor except asthma, and was significantly positively associated with number of risk alleles for each of the 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms. There was interaction between asthma and rs498872 (greater protective effect of asthma with increasing number of risk alleles; per-allele interaction odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, P = 0.041), between "any allergy" and rs4977756 (smaller protective effect; interaction OR = 1.27, P = 0.047), and between "any allergy" and rs6010620 (greater protective effect; interaction OR = 0.70, P = 0.017). Case-only analyses provided further support for atopy interactions for rs4977756 and rs498872. This study provides evidence for possible gene-environment interactions in glioma development.
Schoemaker
Minouk J
MJ
Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom. minouk@icr.ac.uk
Robertson
Lindsay
L
Wigertz
Annette
A
Jones
Michael E
ME
Hosking
Fay J
FJ
Feychting
Maria
M
Lönn
Stefan
S
McKinney
Patricia A
PA
Hepworth
Sarah J
SJ
Muir
Kenneth R
KR
Auvinen
Anssi
A
Salminen
Tiina
T
Kiuru
Anne
A
Johansen
Christoffer
C
Houlston
Richard S
RS
Swerdlow
Anthony J
AJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001249:Asthma / Q000235:genetics; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004485:Eczema / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics*; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult