title: Podocytes require the engagement of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans for adhesion to extracellular matrices.
abstract: Podocytes adhere to the glomerular basement membrane by cell surface receptors. Since in other cells these adhesions are enhanced by cell surface proteoglycans, we examined the contribution of these molecules and their glycosaminoglycan side chains to podocyte adhesion by developing immortalized podocyte cell lines with (control) or without (mutant) heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains. In adhesion assays control podocytes attached, spread, and migrated more efficiently compared with mutants, indicating a requirement for heparan sulfate chains in these processes. The proteoglycan syndecan-4 is known to have direct effects on cell attachment, spreading, and cytoskeletal organization. We found it localized to focal adhesions in control podocytes coincident with stress fiber formation. In mutant cells, syndecan-4 was associated with smaller focal contacts and cortical actin organization. Analysis by flow cytometry showed that mutant cells had twice the amount of surface syndecan-4 of control cells. Protein kinase Cα, a signaling molecule bound to and activated by syndecan-4, showed a fourfold increase in membrane localization-activation than that seen in control cells. In vivo, the loss of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans in PEXTKO mice led to a loss of glomerular syndecan-4. Overall, our study provides further evidence for a dynamic role of cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans in podocyte activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Shoujun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wassenhove-McCarthy
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holzman
authors.forename: Toin H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: van Kuppevelt
authors.forename: A Wayne
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002465:Cell Movement; D048430:Cell Shape; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D022001:Focal Adhesions / Q000378:metabolism; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009154:Mutation; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D050199:Podocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D022502:Stress Fibers / Q000378:metabolism; D053671:Syndecan-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D000099058:Exostosin 1
chemical_list: D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; C508306:Sdc4 protein, mouse; D053671:Syndecan-4; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases; D000099058:Exostosin 1; C496630:Prkca protein, mouse; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha
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