title: [Pain perception of adolescents with chronic functional pain : adaptation and psychometric validation of the Pain Perception Scale (SES) by Geissner].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain perception is a central aspect of the multidimensional model of chronic pain. Up to now, validated measurement tools are lacking in the German language for measuring pain perception in adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine and adapt the well-established Pain Perception Scale for Adults by Geissner (SES) for use in adolescents with chronic pain to provide a measure for clinical diagnosis and evaluation of treatment effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Principal component, reliability and item analyses were conducted on a sample with 139 adolescents. To test validity, age and sex effects, correlations with pain-related constructs, differences between treatment groups (inpatients vs outpatients) and concordance between adolescents and their parents were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings support a two-factor solution with one affective and one sensory factor; three additional sensory items were included in the final version. The scales show good internal consistency. Consistent with hypotheses, we found significant correlations with pain characteristics, emotional and cognitive variables as well as pain-related disability. Inpatients and outpatients show a significant difference in affective pain perception. Concordance between parents and adolescents was high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With this questionnaire there is now a validated German assessment tool to measure pain perception in adolescents with chronic pain (Pain Perception Scale for Adolescents, SES-J). Due to its practicability it is suitable for clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Vodafone Stiftungsinstitut und Lehrstuhl für Kinderschmerztherapie und Pädiatrische Palliativmedizin, Datteln, Deutschland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wager
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Tietze
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Denecke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vocks
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kosfelder
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zernikow
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hechler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D058443:Catastrophization; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010146:Pain / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D058748:Pain Perception; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*
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