title: Background-incorporated volumetric model for patient-specific surgical simulation: a segmentation-free, modeling-free framework.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patient-specific surgical simulation imposes both practical and technical challenges. We propose a segmentation-free, modeling-free framework that creates medical volumetric models for intuitive volume deformation and manipulation in patient-specific surgical simulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proposed framework creates a volumetric model based upon a new form of mesh structure, a Volume Proxy Mesh (VPM). The model can be generated in two phases: the vertex placement phase and mesh improvement phase. Vertices of a VPM are assigned to an initial location by curvature-based vertex placement method, and followed by mesh improvement performed by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The framework is applied to several kidney CT volume data. Using the framework, the resulting models are closely tailored to the detailed features of the datasets. Moreover, the resulting VPM meshes can support broader spectrum deformation between the manipulated organ and its surrounding tissues. Progress in the mesh quality of the final mesh also shows that PSO is feasible for mesh improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The framework was applied to several kidney CT volume datasets. Using the framework, the resulting models are closely tailored to the detailed features of the datasets. Moreover, the resulting VPM meshes can support broader spectrum deformation between the manipulated organ and its surrounding tissues. Evaluation of final mesh quality shows that PSO is feasible for mesh improvement.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan. hung-c@is.naist.jp
authors.forename: Kei Wai Cecilia
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minato
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative
references.citation: Ann Surg. 2006 Mar;243(3):291-300
references.pmid: 16495690
references.citation: Med Image Anal. 1998 Jun;2(2):121-32
references.pmid: 10646758
references.citation: World J Surg. 2008 Feb;32(2):208-12
references.pmid: 18066615
references.citation: Ann Thorac Surg. 2009 Dec;88(6):1851-6
references.pmid: 19932248
references.citation: J Am Coll Surg. 2001 Dec;193(6):660-5
references.pmid: 11768683
references.citation: Med Educ. 2003 Mar;37(3):267-77
references.pmid: 12603766
references.citation: World J Surg. 2008 Feb;32(2):141-8
references.pmid: 18097716
references.citation: J Biomech. 2007;40(4):919-29
references.pmid: 16678834
references.citation: IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2007 Nov-Dec;13(6):1704-11
references.pmid: 17968128