title: Effect of bacterial metabolites on microsporidian Nosema ceranae and on its host Apis mellifera.
abstract: Nosemosis, a disease caused by a microsporidian infection, is one of the most frequently observed parasitic pathologies affecting adult honeybees. Presently, Nosema ceranae seems to be the main microsporidian infection in Apis mellifera. The antibiotic fumagillin is the only compound available to treat Nosema diseases; however, it is no longer licensed in most EU member states; therefore, the need to identify new molecules/substances prevails. The intent of this paper is to test bacterial metabolites by Bacillus and Enterococcus strains, isolated from bee midgut and honey. The toxicity on bees and the antiparasitic activity on N. ceranae were assessed under laboratory conditions. Results did not yield toxicity for the administered surfactin or bacteriocin concentrations. Spores exposed to direct contact with a particular surfactin revealed a significant infectivity reduction when inoculated on bees. This surfactin, administered ad libitum from the individuals' emergence, led to a significant reduction in parasitosis development when bees were infected with untreated spores 7 days postemergence. Based on the results obtained, one of the surfactins is herein postulated as a molecule capable of reducing N. ceranae development, acting either by direct exposure to purified spores or incorporated into the digestive tract of the bee.
authors.affiliation: Arthropods Laboratory FCEyN, UNMdP, Mar del Plata, Argentina. mporrini@mdp.edu.ar
authors.forename: Martín P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Porrini
authors.forename: M Carina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Audisio
authors.forename: Daniela C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Sabaté
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ibarguren
authors.forename: Sandra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Medici
authors.forename: Edgardo G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Sarlo
authors.forename: P Melisa
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.forename: Martín J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Eguaras
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001407:Bacillus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001516:Bees / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016818:Nosema / Q000187:drug effects*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D055666:Lipopeptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C009365:surfactin peptide
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