title: Shoulder function and anatomy in complete obstetric brachial plexus palsy: long-term improvement after triangle tilt surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Untreated complete obstetric brachial plexus injury (COBPI) usually results in limited spontaneous recovery of shoulder function. Older methods used to treat COBPI have had questionable success, with very few studies being published. The purpose of the current study was to examine the results of triangle tilt surgery on shoulder function and development in COBPI individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted as a retrospective chart review. Inclusion criteria were COBPI patients that had undergone the triangle tilt procedure from 2005 to 2009 and were between the ages of 9 months and 12 years. COBPI was defined as permanent injury to all five nerve roots (C5-T1), with significant degradation in development and function of the hand. Twenty-five patients with a mean age of 5 (0.75-12) years were followed up clinically for more than 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The triangle tilt procedure resulted in demonstrable clinical enhancements with appreciable improvements in shoulder function, glenoid version, and humeral head congruity. There was a significant increase in the overall Mallet score (2.4 points, p < 0.0001) following surgical correction in patients that were followed up for more than 2 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrate that COBPI patients who develop SHEAR and medial rotation contracture deformities can benefit from the triangle tilt surgery, which improves shoulder function and anatomy across a range of pediatric ages. Despite these patients presenting late for surgery in general (5 years), significant improvements were observed in their glenohumeral (GH) dysplasia and their ability to perform shoulder and arm movements following surgery.
authors.affiliation: Texas Nerve and Paralysis Institute, Houston, TX, USA. drnath@drnathmedical.com
authors.forename: Rahul K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Nath
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karicherla
authors.forename: Faiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mahmooduddin
mesh_terms: D020516:Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010246:Paralysis, Obstetric / Q000601:surgery*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
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