title: A nonlinear finite element model validation study based on a novel experimental technique for inducing anterior wedge-shape fractures in human vertebral bodies in vitro.
abstract: Vertebral compression fracture is a common medical problem in osteoporotic individuals. The quantitative computed tomography (QCT)-based finite element (FE) method may be used to predict vertebral strength in vivo, but needs to be validated with experimental tests. The aim of this study was to validate a nonlinear anatomy specific QCT-based FE model by using a novel testing setup. Thirty-seven human thoracolumbar vertebral bone slices were prepared by removing cortical endplates and posterior elements. The slices were scanned with QCT and the volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was computed with the standard clinical approach. A novel experimental setup was designed to induce a realistic failure in the vertebral slices in vitro. Rotation of the loading plate was allowed by means of a ball joint. To minimize device compliance, the specimen deformation was measured directly on the loading plate with three sensors. A nonlinear FE model was generated from the calibrated QCT images and computed vertebral stiffness and strength were compared to those measured during the experiments. In agreement with clinical observations, most of the vertebrae underwent an anterior wedge-shape fracture. As expected, the FE method predicted both stiffness and strength better than vBMD (R(2) improved from 0.27 to 0.49 and from 0.34 to 0.79, respectively). Despite the lack of fitting parameters, the linear regression of the FE prediction for strength was close to the 1:1 relation (slope and intercept close to one (0.86 kN) and to zero (0.72 kN), respectively). In conclusion, a nonlinear FE model was successfully validated through a novel experimental technique for generating wedge-shape fractures in human thoracolumbar vertebrae.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dall'Ara
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pahr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chevalier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patsch
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kainberger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zysset
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D050815:Fractures, Compression / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed