title: Protection of cisplatin cytotoxicity by an inactive cyclin-dependent kinase.
abstract: Cisplatin cytotoxicity is dependent on cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) activity in vivo and in vitro. A Cdk2 mutant (Cdk2-F80G) was designed in which the ATP-binding pocket was altered. When expressed in mouse kidney cells, this protein was kinase inactive, did not inhibit endogenous Cdk2, but protected from cisplatin. The mutant was localized in the cytoplasm, but when coexpressed with cyclin A, it was activated, localized to the nucleus, and no longer protected from cisplatin cytotoxicity. Cells exposed to cisplatin in the presence of the activated mutant had an apoptotic phenotype, and endonuclease G was released from mitochondria similar to that mediated by endogenous Cdk2. But unlike apoptosis mediated by wild-type Cdk2, cisplatin exposure of cells expressing the activated mutant did not cause cytochrome c release or significant caspase-3 activation. We conclude that cisplatin likely activates both caspase-dependent and -independent cell death, and Cdk2 is required for both pathways. The mutant-inactive Cdk2 protected from both death pathways, but after activation by excess cyclin A, caspase-independent cell death predominated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
authors.forename: Rawad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hodeify
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Megyesi
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tarcsafalvi
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Safirstein
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001665:Binding Sites; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity*; D019925:Cyclin A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D009154:Mutation; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019925:Cyclin A; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D045304:Cytochromes c; C495894:CDK2 protein, human; C495893:Cdk2 protein, mouse; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; C052391:endonuclease G; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D002945:Cisplatin
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