title: An internal fluorescent probe based on anthracene to evaluate cation-anion interactions in imidazolium salts.
abstract: A series of fluorescent imidazolium-based salts containing the cation [AnCH(2)MeIm](+) (in which An = anthracene and Im = the imidazolium cation) with Cl(-), BF(4)(-), PF(6)(-), SO(3)CF(3)(-), [N(CN)(2)](-), [N(SO(2)CF(3))(2)](-), or PhBF(3)(-) anions have been prepared and characterized. X-ray diffraction analysis of four of the salts reveals a number of C-H...X-type (X = O, N, F) hydrogen bonds between the hydrogen atoms from the imidazolium ring and in some cases from the anthracene ring with the electronegative atoms of the anions. Additionally, C-H...pi interactions can be found in all the salts analyzed by X-ray diffraction, whereas pi-pi stacking is observed only in the salt containing the phenyltrifluoroborate anion. Fluorescence emission analysis in acetonitrile shows that the fluorescence of these salts varies significantly according to the nature of the anion, and correlates to the extent of ion pairing present in solution. Photodimerization of these salts was observed, and in one case a dimer has been isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography.
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Zhaofu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Dun-Ru
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lingjie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Wee Han
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scopelliti
authors.forename: Christian G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Hartinger
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dyson