title: Cognitive impairment in patients with a schizoaffective disorder: a comparison with bipolar patients in euthymia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have shown persistent neurocognitive impairment in patients with a bipolar affective disorder (BD) even in euthymia as well as in patients with a schizoaffective disorder (SAD). The aim of our study was to compare the neuropsychological performance between these two groups. Confounding variables were controlled to enhance our understanding of cognitive dysfunction in both BD and SAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several domains of neurocognitive function, executive function, memory, attention, concentration and perceptuomotor function were examined in 28 euthymic SAD patients and 32 BD patients by using a neuropsychological test battery. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were used to evaluate the patients' clinical status. Data analysis was performed by using a multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA/MANCOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Euthymic SAD patients showed greater cognitive impairment than euthymic BD patients in the tested domains including declarative memory and attention. Putative significant group differences concerning cognitive flexibility vanished when controlled for demographic and clinical variables. Age and medication were robust predictors to cognitive performance of both SAD and BD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results point out the worse cognitive outcome of SAD compared to BD patients in remission. Remarkably, the variance is higher for some of the test results between the groups than within each group, this being discussed in light of the contradictive concept of SAD.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LWL Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Studentkowski
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scheele
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Balkau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Höffler
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aubel
authors.forename: M-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Edel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Juckel
authors.forename: Hans-Jörg
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Assion
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
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