title: An Ogawa cholera outbreak 6 months after the Inaba cholera outbreaks in India, 2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholera has been reported in the state of Orissa, India during the last decades. An explosive outbreak of diarrhea occurred in Central Cuttack Ward 22 of Orissa (population approximately 10,621), between March 12-23, 2006. This outbreak was investigated by a team from the Regional Medical Research Centre of Bhubaneswar to identify the causative agents and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated virulent genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and epidemiological data were collected from 100 hospitalized patients with diarrhea from the Sriram Chandra Bhanja Medical College, Cuttack, Orissa. Rectal swabs and water samples were collected and tested for diarrheagenic enteropathogens. Isolated Vibrio cholerae were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests and polymerase chain reaction analysis for the detection of virulent genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 23 rectal swabs collected, 19 (82.6%) were positive for V. cholerae serogroup O1, serotype Ogawa. All strains were uniformly susceptible to ampicillin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, neomycin, and tetracycline, but resistant to co-trimoxazole, furazolidone, nalidixic acid, and streptomycin. Polymerase chain reaction revealed that all strains had ctxA, tcpA (biotype El Tor), zot, and ace genes, suggesting their possible role in the outbreak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first localized outbreak of V. cholerae O1, serotype Ogawa, in the state of Orissa in 2006 after a gap of 6 months dominated by Inaba strains.
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology, Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.
authors.forename: Hemant Kumar
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Khuntia
authors.forename: Surya Kanta
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Samal
authors.forename: Santanu Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kar
authors.forename: Bibhuti Bhusan
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Pal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002771:Cholera / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012007:Rectum / Q000382:microbiology; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014871:Water Microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors