title: Potential driving issues in combat returnees.
abstract: The driving abilities of service members returning from Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) have not been well reported and are an important aspect of their return to normal life. This article reviews the unique risk factors for unsafe driving in this cohort. In particular, the cognitive and psychological symptoms of mild traumatic brain injury and postraumatic stress disorder, two of the most common diagnoses affecting these returning warriors, are specified, and their possible association with impaired driving is examined. The potential negative impact of the "battlemind driving tactics" (i.e., evasive driving skills) acquired by these service members as part of their military tours is also highlighted. The article concludes with comments about the functional consequences of impaired driving in this population, including limits to participation in rehabilitation and community reintegration, as well as recognition of the need for further research in this area.
authors.affiliation: Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC), Richmond, VA, USA. Henry.Lew@VA.gov
authors.forename: Henry L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lew
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Amick
authors.forename: Malissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Murray B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: David X
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Cifu
mesh_terms: D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014481:United States; D014857:Warfare