title: Clinical characteristics of basal cell carcinoma in a tertiary hospital in Sarawak, Malaysia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer among Orientals. Data on this malignancy is lacking in Malaysia, prompting a retrospective study to determine the clinical characteristics in the skin clinic, Sarawak General Hospital between 2000 and 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic data and clinical features of 64 histopathologically proven BCC from 43 patients were retrieved. Statistical analysis was performed comparing the clinical characteristics based on the region of involvement and gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of presentation was 60.9 years. Male to female ratio was 1.05. Majority of the patients were Chinese (44.2%) followed by Malays (32.6%), Bidayuhs (14.0%) and Ibans (6.9%). Nodular BCC accounted for 95.3% of cases while 4.7% were superficial BCC. All the nodular BCC were pigmented. Ulceration was noted in 18%. There were 82.8% of BCC on the head and neck region and 17.2% on the trunk and limb region. BCC on the latter region were larger (mean 35.0 cf. 14.4 mm, p < 0.001) and ulcerated (45.5% cf. 11.3%, p = 0.01). Superficial BCC were also more frequently encountered in this region (18.2% cf. 1.9%, p = 0.02). Compared to women, men had larger BCC (mean 21.1 cf. 13.3 mm, p = 0.03) and kept them for a longer duration (mean 21.6 cf. 13.3 months, p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical characteristics of BCC in Sarawak were similar to other Asian studies. Additionally, BCC on the trunk and limbs and in men were larger, ulcerative and long standing warranting better efforts for earlier detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sarawak General Hospital, Jalan Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. woodzlamp@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Felix Boon Bin
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Yap
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015994:Incidence; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric