Rethinking the relationship between hyperactivation and chemotaxis in mammalian sperm.
Hyperactivation, a motility pattern of mammalian sperm in the oviduct, is essential to fertilization. Hyperactivation helps sperm to swim effectively through oviductal mucus, to escape from the sperm reservoir, and to penetrate the cumulus matrix and zona pellucida of the oocyte. There is some evidence that mammalian sperm can undergo chemotaxis; however, the relationship of chemotaxis to hyperactivation is unknown. Ca(2+) signaling is involved in hyperactivation and implicated in chemotaxis as well. In vivo, sperm hyperactivate in the lower oviduct, far from the cumulus-oocyte complex and possibly beyond the influence of chemotactic gradients emanating from the oocyte or cumulus. Thus, sperm are likely to be hyperactivated before sensing chemotactic gradients. Chemotactic signals might modulate hyperactivation to direct sperm toward oocytes as they reach a region of influence. Ca(2+)-directed modulation of hyperactivation is a potential mechanism of this process.
Chang
Haixin
H
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Suarez
Susan S
SS
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008322:Mammals; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*
D002118:Calcium
J Cell Biol. 1993 Dec;123(6 Pt 1):1441-52
8253843
Biol Reprod. 1991 Feb;44(2):375-81
2009336
EMBO J. 2005 Aug 3;24(15):2741-52
16001082
Biol Reprod. 1992 May;46(5):779-85
1591334
J Reprod Fertil. 1979 Jan;55(1):53-9
423161
J Biol Chem. 2005 Sep 16;280(37):32238-44
16036917
J Biol Chem. 1991 Sep 15;266(26):17067-71
1832668
Biol Reprod. 2002 Nov;67(5):1565-71
12390889
Development. 2003 Apr;130(7):1317-26
12588848
Mol Med. 1995 Jan;1(2):130-41
8529092
Biol Reprod. 1995 Dec;53(6):1280-5
8562682
Hum Reprod. 1995 Oct;10(10):2603-9
8567779
PLoS One. 2008 Aug 22;3(8):e3040
18725941
Mol Hum Reprod. 2002 Aug;8(8):722-7
12149403
Annu Rev Physiol. 2008;70:93-117
17988206
Exp Cell Res. 1974 Nov;89(1):161-74
4435057
Science. 2003 Mar 28;299(5615):2054-8
12663925
Fertil Steril. 1958 Jul-Aug;9(4):300-8
13619810
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 23;104(4):1219-23
17227845
Mol Biol Cell. 2007 Sep;18(9):3620-34
17634291
Zoolog Sci. 1995 Feb;12(1):13-27
7795487
J Cell Biol. 1985 Dec;101(6):2324-9
3840805
Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1047-58
18083096
J Cell Biol. 1998 Jul 27;142(2):473-84
9679145
Science. 1994 Dec 2;266(5190):1578-81
7985030
Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 1988;10(3):420-31
3180254
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 9;100(25):14869-74
14657366
J Exp Zool. 1977 Dec;202(3):439-44
591896
Gynecol Endocrinol. 2001 Aug;15(4):286-92
11560102
J Reprod Fertil. 1970 Oct;23(1):193-6
5472441
Biol Reprod. 1987 Jun;36(5):1191-8
3620562
Int J Dev Biol. 2008;52(5-6):481-7
18649261
Dev Biol. 2002 Feb 15;242(2):236-54
11820818
FEBS Lett. 2003 Apr 24;541(1-3):69-74
12706821
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 May 15;90(10):4660-4
8506314
Fertil Steril. 2006 Sep;86(3):745-9
16784744
Fertil Steril. 1990 Dec;54(6):1180-2
2245848
J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 29;279(44):46315-25
15322137
Gamete Res. 1987 Oct;18(2):121-40
3507366
Mol Reprod Dev. 1995 Nov;42(3):325-33
8579847
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 9;100(25):14864-8
14657352
Biochem J. 1996 Dec 15;320 ( Pt 3):1017-23
9003394
J Androl. 1992 Jan-Feb;13(1):75-80
1551808
Dev Biol. 2002 Oct 1;250(1):208-17
12297107
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 1;88(7):2840-4
2011591
Rev Reprod. 1999 Jan;4(1):56-66
10051103
Biol Reprod. 2007 Sep;77(3):551-9
17554080
Gen Pharmacol. 1999 Jul;33(1):1-6
10428009
Hum Reprod Update. 2006 Jan-Feb;12(1):23-37
16272225
Biol Reprod. 1992 Apr;46(4):686-91
1576267
Fertil Steril. 1977 Sep;28(9):981-5
19307
Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 2008 Jul;65(7):539-52
18421703
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Nov 21;92(24):11039-43
7479932
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Apr 28;160(2):828-33
2719699
Biol Reprod. 2007 Apr;76(4):660-5
17182893
Biol Reprod. 2005 Sep;73(3):519-26
15878888
Nature. 2001 Oct 11;413(6856):603-9
11595941
J Exp Biol. 1963 Mar;40:1-5
14027730
Int J Dev Biol. 2008;52(5-6):455-62
18649258
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Oct 23;98(22):12527-31
11675491
Front Biosci. 2008 May 01;13:5623-37
18508611
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Sep 23;105(38):14539-44
18794532
Biol Reprod. 1994 Apr;50(4):774-85
8199258
PLoS One. 2009 Dec 08;4(12):e8211
19997608
Dev Biol. 2003 Mar 15;255(2):423-7
12648501
Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 1995;30(1):8-16
7728871
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2006 May 16;250(1-2):128-36
16413109
Dev Biol. 2007 Dec 1;312(1):183-92
17950270
Cell Calcium. 2006 Nov-Dec;40(5-6):405-12
17030366
Reproduction. 2006 Jun;131(6):977-88
16735537
Hum Reprod. 2005 Mar;20(3):761-7
15591080
Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 1993;26(1):66-76
8221908
Dev Biol. 2007 Mar 1;303(1):214-21
17174296
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Apr;7(4):276-85
16607290
Biol Reprod. 1999 Jun;60(6):1314-9
10330086
Reprod Fertil Dev. 2009;21(2):345-50
19210926
J Exp Zool. 1987 Nov;244(2):331-6
3123593
Dev Genet. 1999;25(2):130-6
10440847
Hum Reprod Update. 2008 Nov-Dec;14(6):647-57
18653675
Int J Dev Biol. 2008;52(5-6):607-13
18649274
J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 17;279(38):40194-203
15271985
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Dec 9;105(49):19312-7
19047630
PLoS One. 2009 Aug 31;4(8):e6844
19718436
Biol Reprod. 2001 Nov;65(5):1606-15
11673282
Biol Reprod. 2003 May;68(5):1590-6
12606347
Biol Cell. 2009 Feb;101(2):91-103
18620543
Annu Rev Biochem. 1989;58:719-42
2549859
J Cell Sci. 2004 Nov 15;117(Pt 24):5835-45
15522887
Hum Reprod. 2008 Oct;23(10):2339-45
18621752