title: Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages infecting Staphylococcus epidermidis.
abstract: Bacteriophages infecting Staphylococcus epidermidis were isolated by mitomycin C induction. Three distinct phages (vB_SepiS-phiIPLA5, vB_SepiS-phiIPLA6, and vB_SepiS-phiIPLA7)-defined by plaque morphology, structure, virion proteins pattern, DNA restriction bands, and host range-were obtained. One-step growth curves of bacteriophages under optimal growth conditions for S. epidermidis F12 revealed eclipse and latent periods of 5-10 and 10-15 min, respectively, with burst sizes of about 5 to 30 PFU per infected cell. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the phages were of similar size and belonged to the Siphoviridae family. Phage phi-IPLA7 had the broadest host range infecting 21 out of 65 S. epidermidis isolates. Phage phi-IPLA5 seemed to be a virulent phage probably derived from phi-IPLA6. Phages phi-IPLA5 and phi-IPLA7 exhibited increasing plaques surrounded by a halo that could be indicative of a polysaccharide depolymerase activity. Viable counts, determined during the infection of S. epidermidis F12, confirmed that phi-IPLA5 had a potent lytic capability and reduced S. epidermidis population by 5.67 log units in 8 h of incubation; in the presence of the mixture of phi-IPLA6 and phi-IPLA7, however, a reduction of 2.27 log units was detected.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Apdo. 85, 33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D058507:Host Specificity; D006801:Humans; D050296:Microbial Viability; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000378:metabolism; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D017906:Siphoviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013204:Staphylococcus Phages / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology*; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins; D016685:Mitomycin
references.citation: J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008 Dec;60(12):1551-71
references.pmid: 19000360
references.citation: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Apr;50(4):1268-75
references.pmid: 16569839
references.citation: Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5
references.pmid: 5432063
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2005 Apr;187(7):2426-38
references.pmid: 15774886
references.citation: PLoS One. 2009;4(3):e4944
references.pmid: 19300511
references.citation: Clin Otolaryngol. 2009 Aug;34(4):349-57
references.pmid: 19673983
references.citation: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008;322:207-28
references.pmid: 18453278
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2007 Mar;189(5):2086-100
references.pmid: 17172342
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2009 Jan;5(1):e1000253
references.pmid: 19119417
references.citation: J Appl Microbiol. 1998 Sep;85(3):583-90
references.pmid: 9750288
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1993 Dec;175(23):7541-9
references.pmid: 8244923
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2009 Feb 16;134(1-2):45-54
references.pmid: 18986783
references.citation: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009 Aug;7(8):555-67
references.pmid: 19609257
references.citation: Arch Virol. 2003 Jun;148(6):1051-70
references.pmid: 12756614
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2004 Feb;51(4):1169-83
references.pmid: 14763988
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1976 May;3(5):519-23
references.pmid: 132457
references.citation: BMC Microbiol. 2009 May 07;9:82
references.pmid: 19422689
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2007 Sep 20;124(1-2):187-91
references.pmid: 17509779
references.citation: J Dairy Sci. 2009 Jul;92(7):3019-26
references.pmid: 19528579