title: Low medication adherence and hypertension control among adults with CKD: data from the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low adherence to antihypertensive medication is an important barrier to achieving blood pressure control. Few data are available for medication adherence in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  3,936 and 9,129 participants with and without CKD using antihypertensive medication in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) Study, respectively. CKD was defined as albuminuria with albumin excretion>or=30 mg/g or estimated glomerular filtration rate<60 mL/min/1.73 m2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medication adherence and uncontrolled hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medication adherence was assessed using a validated 4-item scale. Blood pressure was measured 2 times by trained staff.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In REGARDS participants with and without CKD, 1,426 (36.2%) and 2,421 (26.5%) had uncontrolled hypertension with blood pressure>or=140/90 mm Hg, and 2,656 (67.5%) and 5,627 (61.6%), >or=130/80 mm Hg. Also, 27.7% of those with CKD and 27.9% of those without CKD responded "yes" to ever forgetting to take their medication and 4.4% and 4.2%, respectively, responded yes to being careless about taking their medication. Also, 5.7% and 5.3% responded yes to missing taking medication when they felt better, and 4.2% and 3.6%, to missing it when they felt sick. Overall, 23.3% and 23.7% of participants with and without CKD responded yes to 1 adherence question, whereas 7.7% and 7.2%, respectively, responded yes to 2 or more adherence questions. In those with CKD, the multivariable adjusted ORs for uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure>or=140/90 mm Hg) for individuals answering yes to 1 and 2 or more versus 0 adherence questions were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.05-1.51) and 1.49 (95% CI, 1.12-1.98), respectively. Analogous ORs for systolic/diastolic blood pressure>or=130/80 mm Hg were 1.06 (95% CI, 0.78-1.45) and 1.20 (95% CI, 0.88-1.64).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacy fill data were not available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with CKD had similarly poor medication-taking behaviors as those without CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. pmuntner@uab.edu
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muntner
authors.forename: Suzanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krousel-Wood
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: McClellan
authors.forename: Monika M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Safford
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
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