title: Extranuclear functions of ER impact invasive migration and metastasis by breast cancer cells.
abstract: The molecular basis of breast cancer progression to metastasis and the role of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in this process remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that ER participates in extranuclear signaling in addition to genomic functions. Recent studies identified proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1 (PELP1) as one of the components of ER signalosome in the cytoplasm. PELP1 expression is deregulated in metastatic breast tumors. We examined the mechanism and significance of ER-PELP1-mediated extranuclear signals in the cytoskeletal remodeling and metastasis. Using estrogen dendrimer conjugate (EDC) that uniquely activate ER extranuclear signaling and by using model cells that stably express PELP1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), we show that PELP1 is required for optimal activation of ER extranuclear actions. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified integrin-linked kinase 1 (ILK1) as a novel PELP1-binding protein. Activation of extranuclear signaling by EDC uniquely enhanced E2-mediated ruffles and filopodia-like structures. Using dominant-negative and dominant-active reagents, we found that estrogen-mediated extranuclear signaling promotes cytoskeleton reorganization through the ER-Src-PELP1-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-ILK1 pathway. Using in vitro Boyden chamber assays and in vivo xenograft assays, we found that ER extranuclear actions contribute to cell migration. Collectively, our results suggest that ER extranuclear actions play a role in cell motility/metastasis, establishing for the first time that endogenous PELP1 serves as a critical component of ER extranuclear actions leading to cell motility/invasion and that the ER-Src-PELP1-ILK1 pathway represents a novel therapeutic target for preventing the emergence of ER-positive metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and CTRC at The UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA.
authors.forename: Dimple
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chakravarty
authors.forename: Sujit S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Bindu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Santhamma
authors.forename: Binoj C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Abhik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bandyopadhyay
authors.forename: Joseph K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Agyin
authors.forename: Darrell
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brann
authors.forename: Lu-Zhe
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: I-Tien
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Francis Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Rajeshwar Rao
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Tekmal
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Ratna K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Vadlamudi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010052:Ovariectomy; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000099200:Scaffold Protein ILK
chemical_list: D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D000099200:Scaffold Protein ILK; C438485:PELP1 protein, human
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