title: Efficacy and safety of duloxetine in patients with chronic low back pain.
abstract: METHODS
  This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of duloxetine in the treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Imbalance of serotonin and norepinephrine within modulatory pain pathways has been implicated in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Duloxetine, a selective reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in 3 distinct chronic pain conditions: diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and chronic pain because of osteoarthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized double-blind trial, adult nondepressed patients with a non-neuropathic CLBP and a weekly mean of the 24-hour average pain score>or=4 at baseline (0-10 scale) were treated with either duloxetine or placebo for 13 weeks. The dose of duloxetine during first 7 weeks was 60 mg once daily. At week 7, patients reporting<30% pain reduction had their dose increased to 120 mg. The primary outcome measure was the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) 24-hour average pain rating. Secondary measures included Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire-24; Patient's Global Impressions of Improvement; Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S); BPI-Severity and -Interference (BPI-I); and weekly means of the 24-hour average pain, night pain, and worst pain scores from patient diaries. Quality-of-life, safety, and tolerability outcomes were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with placebo-treated patients (least-squares mean change of -1.50), patients on duloxetine (least-squares mean change of -2.32) had a significantly greater reduction in the BPI 24-hour average pain from baseline to endpoint (P=0.004 at week 13). Additionally, the duloxetine group significantly improved on Patient's Global Impressions of Improvement; Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire-24; BPI-Severity and average BPI-Interference; weekly mean of the 24-hour average pain, night pain, and worst pain. Significantly more patients in the duloxetine group (13.9%) compared with placebo (5.8%) discontinued because of adverse events (P=0.047). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events in the duloxetine group included nausea, dry mouth, fatigue, diarrhea, hyperhidrosis, dizziness, and constipation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duloxetine significantly reduced pain and improved functioning in patients with CLBP. The safety and tolerability were similar to those reported in earlier studies.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, USA. vladimir@lilly.com
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Skljarevski
authors.forename: Durisala
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Desaiah
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu-Seifert
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chappell
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Detke
authors.forename: Smriti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iyengar
authors.forename: Joseph H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Backonja
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D013876:Thiophenes