title: Activation of geminivirus V-sense promoters in roots is restricted to nematode feeding sites.
abstract: Obligate sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, such as the root-knot and cyst nematodes, elicit the differentiation of specialized nematode nurse or feeding cells [nematode feeding sites (NFS), giant cells and syncytia, respectively]. During NFS differentiation, marked changes in cell cycle progression occur, partly similar to those induced by some geminiviruses. In this work, we describe the activation of V-sense promoters from the Maize streak virus (MSV) and Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) in NFS formed by root-knot and cyst nematodes. Both promoters were transiently active in microinjection experiments. In tobacco and Arabidopsis transgenic lines carrying promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusions, the MSV V-sense promoter was activated in the vascular tissues of aerial plant parts, primarily leaf and cotyledon phloem tissue and some floral structures. Interestingly, in roots, promoter activation was restricted to syncytia and giant cells tested with four different nematode populations, but undetectable in the rest of the root system. As the activity of the promoter in transgenic rootstocks should be restricted to NFS only, the MSV promoter may have utility in engineering grafted crops for nematode control. Therefore, this study represents a step in the provision of some of the much needed additional data on promoters with restricted activation in NFS useful in biotechnological nematode control strategies.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain. Carolina.Escobar@uclm.es
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aristizábal
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portillo
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herreros
authors.forename: M Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Munoz-Martín
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grundler
authors.forename: Phillip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mullineaux
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fenoll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D017791:Geminiviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D026762:Maize streak virus / Q000235:genetics; D008845:Microinjections; D009348:Nematoda / Q000502:physiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000821:virology*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D005966:Glucuronidase
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