title: Ground reaction force comparison of controlled resistance methods to isoinertial loading of the squat exercise - biomed 2010.
abstract: The ground reaction force during the concentric (raising) portion of the squat exercise was compared to that of isoinertial loading (free weights) for three pneumatically controlled resistance methods: constant resistance, cam force profile, and proportional force control based on velocity. Constant force control showed lower ground reaction forces than isoinertial loading throughout the range of motion (ROM). The cam force profile exhibited slightly greater ground reaction forces than isoinertial loading at 10 and 40% ROM with fifty-percent greater loading at 70% ROM. The proportional force control consistently elicited greater ground reaction force than isoinertial loading, which progressively ranged from twenty to forty percent increase over isoinertial loading except for being approximately equal at 85% ROM. Based on these preliminary results, the proportional control shows the most promise for providing loading that is comparable in magnitude to isoinertial loading. This technology could optimize resistance exercise for sport-specific training or as a countermeasure to atrophy during spaceflight.
authors.affiliation: University of Arkansas, Fort Smith, Arkansas.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Schilling