title: Biodegradation of semi- and non-volatile petroleum hydrocarbons in aged, contaminated soils from a sub-Arctic site: laboratory pilot-scale experiments at site temperatures.
abstract: This study evaluates the feasibility of landfarming biotreatment of petroleum-contaminated soils obtained from a sub-Arctic site at Resolution Island, Nunavut, Canada, and evaluates the changes in composition of the semi- and non-volatile petroleum hydrocarbon fractions during the biotreatment. Pilot-scale landfarming experiments were conducted in a laboratory in soil tanks under temperature profiles representative of the 3-year site air temperatures in July and August where temperature varied uniformly between 1 degrees C and 10 degrees C over 10 d. The site soils were acidic and N-deficient, but contained indigenous populations of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms. Biostimulation with nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient amendments to achieve C(TPH):N:P molar ratio of 100:9:1, and CaCO(3) amendment at 2000 mg Kg(-1) for maintaining neutral pH, and periodic 10-day tilling, reduced total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations by up to 64% over a 60-day period. The rate and extent of semi-volatile (F2: >C10-C16) and non-volatile (F3: >C16-C34) petroleum hydrocarbon fractions in the landfarms containing higher initial TPH levels ( approximately 2000 mg Kg(-1)) and lower TPH levels ( approximately 1000 mg Kg(-1)) were compared. Significant biodegradation of the F2 and F3 fractions occurred in both of those systems. First-order biodegradation rate constants of up to 0.019+/-0.001 d(-1) were determined for the F3 hydrocarbon fraction and were similar to the F2 fraction biodegradation rate constants of up to 0.024+/-0.005 d(-1). Biodegradation profiles of the C14, C16 and C18 alkanes revealed that at TPH concentrations above 1000 mg Kg(-1) these compounds are degraded concurrently, whereas below 1000 mg Kg(-1) the higher-molecular weight alkanes are preferentially degraded. After the 60-day treatment period, the TPH concentration was approximately 500 mg Kg(-1), and the residual TPH mass was largely associated with particles and aggregated particles with diameters of 0.6-2 mm, rather than the larger or finer particles and aggregates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Wonjae
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dyen
authors.forename: Lou
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spagnuolo
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Lyle
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.forename: Subhasis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghoshal
mesh_terms: D001110:Arctic Regions; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002170:Canada; D003080:Cold Temperature; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants