title: Endocrine complications in long-term survivors of childhood cancers.
abstract: Endocrine disturbances are among the most frequently reported complications in childhood cancer survivors, affecting between 20 and 50% of individuals who survive into adulthood. Most endocrine complications are the result of prior cancer treatments, especially radiotherapy. The objective of the present review is to discuss the main endocrine complications observed in this population, including disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, disorders of pubertal development, thyroid dysfunction, gonadal dysfunction, decreased bone mineral density, obesity, and alterations in glucose metabolism with a special focus on recent findings reported from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, USA.
authors.forename: Wassim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chemaitilly
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sklar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000503:physiopathology; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017741:Survivors