title: Inhibitory effects of rosemary extracts, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid on the growth of various human cancer cell lines.
abstract: The leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis harvested from three different locations of Turkey were extracted by both methanolic and supercritical CO(2) extraction. Subsequently, six extracts and the active compounds, carnosic acid, and rosmarinic acid were applied to various human cancer cell lines including NCI-H82 (human, small cell lung, carcinoma), DU-145 (human, prostate, carcinoma), Hep-3B (human, black, liver, carcinoma, hepatocellular), K-562 (human chronic myeloid leukemia), MCF-7 (human, breast, adenocarcinoma), PC-3 (human, prostate, adenocarcinoma) and MDA-MB-231 (human, breast, adenocarcinoma) by MTT assay. Supercritical CO(2) extracts had superior antiproliferative effect compared to the soxhlet extracts. Although the extracts exhibited various cytotoxic effects against different cell lines, comparatively low IC(50) values ranging between 12.50 and 47.55 microg/ml were attained against K-562, being the most sensitive cell line. Moreover, carnosic acid caused the lowest cell viability with values ranging from 13 to 30 % at a concentration of 19 muM after 48 h of treatments, resulting in superior antiproliferative effect. Rosemary extract is a potential candidate to be included in the anti-cancer diet with pre-determined doses avoiding toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. ozlem.yesil.celiktas@ege.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yesil-Celiktas
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sevimli
authors.forename: Erdal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bedir
authors.forename: Fazilet
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vardar-Sukan
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053630:Depsides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D014421:Turkey; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002934:Cinnamates; D053630:Depsides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C018381:salvin
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