title: [Evaluation on left ventricular systolic synchronicity and cardiac function in patients with permanent cardiac pacing by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility on the left ventricular systolic synchronism and cardiac function evaluation in patients with permanent cardiac pacing by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with sick sinus syndrome post dual-chamber pacemaker implantation were enrolled in this study. Pacemakers were programmed to AAI, DDD, and VVI respectively. After pacing for 5 minutes in each mode, participants were examined with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Images in different pacing modes were obtained and analyzed by the off-line Qlab 4.2 software. Parameters including global and 17-segmental volume-time curves (VTCs), dispersion of time to minimal regional volume for 16, 12, and 6 left ventricular segments (Tmsv16-s, Tmsv12-s, Tmsv6-s), and maximal difference of time to minimal regional volume for l6, 12 and 6 left ventricular segments (Tmsv16-dif, Tmsv12-dif, Tmsv6-dif), end diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured respectively. Parameters of peak filling rate (PFR), regional end diastolic volume (rEDV), regional end systolic volume (rESV), and regional ejection fraction (rEF) were also calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left ventricular systolic synchronism as reflected by VTCs, Tmsv16-s, Tmsv12-s, Tmsv6-s, Tmsv16-dif, Tmsv12-dif and Tmsv6-dif as well as parameters reflecting ventricular function, i.e., LVEF, PFR were significantly better in AAI mode than in DDD and VVI models (all P < 0.05). All above indexes were similar between DDD and VVI models (all P > 0.05). rEFs of left inferior wall in base, septum in base and apex were significantly lower in DDD and VVI models compared that in AAI mode (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography can objectively and accurately evaluate left ventricular systolic synchronism and cardiac function in patients with permanent cardiac pacing and AAI mode is superior to DDD and VVI models.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China.
authors.forename: Jian-feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Ru-xing
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Chang-ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Da-jun
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012804:Sick Sinus Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left