title: Impact of pulse duration in single pulse TMS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The intensity of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is typically adjusted by changing the amplitude of the induced electrical field, while its duration is fixed. Here we examined the influence of two different pulse durations on several physiological parameters of primary motor cortex excitability obtained using single pulse TMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Magstim Bistim(2) stimulator was used to produce TMS pulses of two distinct durations. For either pulse duration we measured, in healthy volunteers, resting and active motor thresholds, recruitment curves of motor evoked potentials in relaxed and contracting hand muscles as well as contralateral (cSP) and ipsilateral (iSP) cortical silent periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motor thresholds decreased by 20% using a 1.4 times longer TMS pulse compared to the standard pulse, while there was no significant effect on threshold adjusted measurements of cortical excitability. The longer pulse duration reduced pulse-to-pulse variability in cSP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The strength of a TMS pulse can be adjusted both by amplitude or pulse duration. TMS pulse duration does not affect threshold-adjusted single pulse measures of motor cortex excitability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using longer TMS pulses might be an alternative in subjects with very high motor threshold. Pulse duration might not be relevant as long as TMS intensity is threshold-adapted. This is important when comparing studies performed with different stimulator types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Göttingen, Germany. hrothke@gwdg.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rothkegel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D011999:Recruitment, Neurophysiological / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D055815:Young Adult