Consumption of meat and dairy and lymphoma risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
The consumption of meat and other foods of animal origin is a risk factor for several types of cancer, but the results for lymphomas are inconclusive. Therefore, we examined these associations among 411,097 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. During a median follow-up of 8.5 years, 1,334 lymphomas (1,267 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 67 Hodgkin lymphomas) were identified. Consumption of red and processed meat, poultry, milk and dairy products was assessed by dietary questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate the association of the consumption of these food groups with lymphoma risk. Overall, the consumption of foods of animal origin was not associated with an increased risk of NHLS or HL, but the associations with specific subgroups of NHL entities were noted. A high intake of processed meat was associated with an increased risk of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BCLL) [relative risk (RR) per 50 g intake = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.63], but a decreased risk of follicular lymphomas (FL) (RR = 0.58; CI 0.38-0.89). A high intake of poultry was related to an increased risk of B-cell lymphomas (RR = 1.22; CI 1.05-1.42 per 10 g intake), FL (RR = 1.65; CI 1.18-2.32) and BCLL (RR = 1.54; CI 1.18-2.01) in the continuous models. In conclusion, no consistent associations between red and processed meat consumption and lymphoma risk were observed, but we found that the consumption of poultry was related to an increased risk of B-cell lymphomas. Chance is a plausible explanation of the observed associations, which need to be confirmed in further studies.
Rohrmann
Sabine
S
Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. sabine.rohrmann@ifspm.uzh.ch
Linseisen
Jakob
J
Jakobsen
Marianne Uhre
MU
Overvad
Kim
K
Raaschou-Nielsen
Ole
O
Tjonneland
Anne
A
Boutron-Ruault
Marie Christine
MC
Kaaks
Rudolf
R
Becker
Nikolaus
N
Bergmann
Manuela
M
Boeing
Heiner
H
Khaw
Kay-Tee
KT
Wareham
Nicholas J
NJ
Key
Timothy J
TJ
Travis
Ruth
R
Benetou
Vassiliki
V
Naska
Androniki
A
Trichopoulou
Antonia
A
Pala
Valeria
V
Tumino
Rosario
R
Masala
Giovanna
G
Mattiello
Amalia
A
Brustad
Magritt
M
Lund
Eiliv
E
Skeie
Guri
G
Bueno-de-Mesquita
H Bas
HB
Peeters
Petra H M
PH
Vermeulen
Roel C H
RC
Jakszyn
Paula
P
Dorronsoro
Miren
M
Barricarte
Aurelio
A
Tormo
Maria-Jose
MJ
Molina
Esther
E
Argüelles
Marcial
M
Melin
Beatrice
B
Ericson
Ulrika
U
Manjer
Jonas
J
Rinaldi
Sabina
S
Slimani
Nadia
N
Boffetta
Paolo
P
Vergnaud
Anne-Claire
AC
Khan
Aneire
A
Norat
Teresa
T
Vineis
Paolo
P
D002611:Cheese; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000453:epidemiology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000453:epidemiology; D016399:Lymphoma, T-Cell / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D008258:Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015014:Yogurt