title: Collagen XXIII: a potential biomarker for the detection of primary and recurrent non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Collagen XXIII is a transmembrane collagen previously shown to be upregulated in metastatic prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the protein expression of collagen XXIII in tumor tissues from a variety of cancers and to assess the utility of collagen XXIII as a biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicancer tissue microarray was used for the immunohistochemical examination of collagen XXIII protein expression in a variety of cancers. Subsequently, collagen XXIII expression was analyzed in three separate cohorts using tissue microarrays with representative tumor and control lung tissues from NSCLC patients. In addition, NSCLC patient urine samples were analyzed for the presence of collagen XXIII through Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Collagen XXIII was present in tissue samples from a variety of cancers. Within lung cancer tissues, collagen XXIII staining was enriched in NSCLC subtypes. Collagen XXIII was present in 294 of 333 (88%) lung adenocarcinomas and 97 of 133 (73%) squamous cell carcinomas. In urine, collagen XXIII was present in 23 of 29 (79%) NSCLC patient samples but only in 15 of 54 (28%) control samples. High collagen XXIII staining intensity correlated with shorter recurrence-free survival in NSCLC patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We show the capability of collagen XXIII as a tissue and urinary biomarker for NSCLC, in which positivity in tissue or urine significantly correlates with the presence of NSCLC and high staining intensity is a significant recurrence predictor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inclusion of collagen XXIII in a tissue- or urine-based cancer biomarker panel could inform NSCLC patient treatment decisions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Spivey
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Banyard
authors.forename: Luisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Solis
authors.forename: Ignacio I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Wistuba
authors.forename: Justine A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Barletta
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: Henry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Rodig
authors.forename: Lucian R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Chirieac
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Zetter
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C499252:COL23A1 protein, human; D003094:Collagen
references.citation: Cancer Res. 1998 Apr 1;58(7):1395-9
references.pmid: 9537238
references.citation: Lung Cancer. 2006 Oct;54(1):87-94
references.pmid: 16876904
references.citation: Carcinogenesis. 2009 Nov;30(11):1903-9
references.pmid: 19736307
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2009 Apr 1;69(7):2990-5
references.pmid: 19318550
references.citation: Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2009 Apr 15;6(2):201-5
references.pmid: 19349489
references.citation: Annu Rev Pathol. 2006;1:331-48
references.pmid: 18039118
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2007 Dec 10;25(35):5578-83
references.pmid: 18065730
references.citation: EMBO J. 2002 Apr 2;21(7):1524-34
references.pmid: 11927537
references.citation: Lancet Oncol. 2008 Jul;9(7):676-82
references.pmid: 18598932
references.citation: Biomed Pharmacother. 2007 Oct;61(9):515-9
references.pmid: 17913444
references.citation: Nature. 2008 Apr 3;452(7187):548-52
references.pmid: 18385728
references.citation: Diagn Cytopathol. 2009 Mar;37(3):178-83
references.pmid: 19170169
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2004 May 4;140(9):740-53
references.pmid: 15126259
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 1997;75(10):1509-14
references.pmid: 9166946
references.citation: Chest. 2007 Sep;132(3 Suppl):1S-19S
references.pmid: 17873156
references.citation: Oncology (Williston Park). 2005 Nov;19(13):1724-30; discussion 1730-1
references.pmid: 16425524
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2007 Sep 14;282(37):27424-27435
references.pmid: 17627939
references.citation: Mod Pathol. 2009 Aug;22(8):1032-43
references.pmid: 19430419
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2007 Mar;7(3):169-81
references.pmid: 17318210
references.citation: Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2007 Jul;13(4):284-9
references.pmid: 17534174
references.citation: J Cell Mol Med. 2009 Aug;13(8B):1977-1986
references.pmid: 19040416
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2007 May 1;13(9):2634-42
references.pmid: 17473194
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Aug 15;10(16):5361-6
references.pmid: 15328173
references.citation: Cancer. 2000 Dec 1;89(11 Suppl):2468-73
references.pmid: 11147629
references.citation: Lancet. 1999 Jun 5;353(9168):1930-3
references.pmid: 10371572
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2006 Jan 15;118(2):257-62
references.pmid: 16231326
references.citation: Histol Histopathol. 2008 Jun;23(6):693-700
references.pmid: 18366007
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 28;281(30):21546-21557
references.pmid: 16728390
references.citation: Am J Clin Pathol. 2001 Dec;116(6):823-30
references.pmid: 11764070
references.citation: Lung Cancer. 2009 Feb;63(2):164-8
references.pmid: 18599152
references.citation: Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2002;15(1-2):29-37
references.pmid: 15208940
references.citation: Oncology. 2006;70(3):203-11
references.pmid: 16809939
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2007 Oct;7(10):778-90
references.pmid: 17882278
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 6;278(23):20989-94
references.pmid: 12644459
references.citation: Ai Zheng. 2006 Nov;25(11):1361-7
references.pmid: 17094902