Inflammatory responses improve with milk ribonuclease-enriched lactoferrin supplementation in postmenopausal women.
OBJECTIVE
A 6-month, randomized clinical study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a ribonuclease-enriched lactoferrin (R-ELF) supplement on the circulating cytokine levels and bone health of postmenopausal women.


METHODS
Thirty-eight healthy postmenopausal women, aged 45-60 years, were randomized into placebo and R-ELF groups.


METHODS
The R-ELF group was supplemented with R-ELF (2 × 125 mg/day) and calcium (100% RDA), while the placebo group received only the calcium supplement.


METHODS
Serum levels of receptor activator for NF-κB ligand (RANKL), C-reactive protein (CRP) and various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA.


RESULTS
Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α decreased significantly (-44 and -10%, respectively) while anti-inflammatory IL-10 increased (140%) due to R-ELF supplementation at the end of study. RANKL and CRP were modestly reduced (-50%) relative to their placebo levels, although RANKL elevated initially.


CONCLUSIONS
R-ELF supplementation showed beneficial effects towards improvement of inflammatory status in postmenopausal women.
Bharadwaj
Satish
S
N-terminus Research Laboratory, Pomona, CA 91768, USA.
Naidu
Tezus A G
TA
Betageri
Guru V
GV
Prasadarao
Nemani V
NV
Naidu
A Satyanarayan
AS
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk / Q000201:enzymology*; D010919:Placebos; D017698:Postmenopause; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D016207:Cytokines; D010919:Placebos; D012260:Ribonucleases; D007781:Lactoferrin
J Cell Physiol. 1995 Dec;165(3):624-9
7593242
Clin Interv Aging. 2009;4:241-50
19554095
Bone. 2009 Nov;45(5):1010-6
19651258
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005 Nov;62(22):2549-59
16261255
J Bone Miner Res. 1996 Aug;11(8):1043-51
8854239
J Bone Miner Res. 2004 Sep;19(9):1512-7
15312252
Dan Med Bull. 2006 Aug;53(3):285-309
17092450
J Bone Miner Res. 1996 Mar;11(3):337-49
8852944
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Nov;156(5):1586-92
9372680
Nature. 2000 Nov 30;408(6812):535-6
11117729
J Immunol. 2001 Apr 15;166(8):4915-21
11290769
J Clin Invest. 2007 Jan;117(1):122-32
17173138
J Bone Miner Res. 1998 Oct;13(10):1577-86
9783546
Nature. 1983 Nov 24-30;306(5941):378-80
6606132
Bone. 2008 Jul;43(1):92-100
18407820
J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Aug;15(8):1545-54
10934653
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Nov;90(11):6323-31
16105967
JAMA. 2004 Jul 28;292(4):490-5
15280347
J Gastroenterol. 1994 Jun;29(3):314-9
8061800
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2003 Jul;2(4):421-9
12904098
Int J Exp Pathol. 1993 Oct;74(5):433-9
8217778
Osteoporos Int. 2009 Sep;20(9):1603-11
19172341
J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003 Nov;85(8):1202-6
14653608
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Mar;20(2):88-94
19185505
J Clin Invest. 2003 Apr;111(8):1221-30
12697741
Ann Hematol. 2000 Sep;79(9):507-13
11043422
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2008 Jun;277(6):489-93
18066566
Clin Exp Immunol. 2002 Oct;130(1):25-31
12296849
Lancet. 2003 Aug 9;362(9382):419-27
12927427
Menopause. 2010 Jan-Feb;17(1):140-4
19574937
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2004 Dec;15(6):457-75
15561602
Calcif Tissue Int. 2001 Dec;69(6):315-20
11800227
J Clin Invest. 2006 May;116(5):1186-94
16670759
Endocr Rev. 2005 Aug;26(5):688-703
15769903
Cell. 1998 Apr 17;93(2):165-76
9568710
Osteoporos Int. 2005 Oct;16(10):1263-71
15702263
Cell Immunol. 2000 Nov 1;205(2):103-9
11104582
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Nov 23;101(47):16618-23
15531637
J Endocrinol Invest. 2008 May;31(5):416-21
18560259
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 May;87(5):2060-6
11994341
JAMA. 2003 Jun 25;289(24):3243-53
12824205
Maturitas. 2002 Mar 25;41(3):187-92
11886764
Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2006 Feb;8(1):63-9
16515768
Am J Cardiol. 2001 Oct 1;88(7):825-8
11589863
J Vet Med Sci. 2004 Feb;66(2):149-54
15031542
Calcif Tissue Int. 2003 Aug;73(2):97-100
14565589
Pediatr Nephrol. 2003 Oct;18(10):1009-14
12898374
Endocr Rev. 2002 Jun;23(3):279-302
12050121
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Dec;77(6):1648-53
8263153
Endocr Rev. 2000 Apr;21(2):115-37
10782361
FEBS Lett. 2005 Apr 11;579(10):2035-9
15811314