title: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications: a three-year retrospective study in a Kenyan national teaching and referral hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications have scarcely been reported in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at determining the frequency of these complications and their associated risk factors in a Kenyan National Teaching and Referral Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study retrospectively covered 117 patients admitted to the Kenyatta National Hospital neurosurgical ward between January 2005 and December 2007 with ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications. The data obtained were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common complication was obstruction in 63 patients (53.8%), followed by migration in 25 (21.4%) and infection in 23 (19.7%) of the patients. Up to 49.6% of the complications occurred in patients younger than 6 months. Multiple complications were seen in 23.9% of the cases. The mean shunt duration was 18.05 months. Positive correlations existed between the presence of a shunt complication and patient age, shunt duration and the number of complications developed. These correlations were, however, neither strong nor statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reports the highest frequencies of shunt obstruction and migration ever recorded in the literature. The high rate of development of multiple shunt failures coupled with a short shunt duration calls for a closer monitoring of patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. pmaseghe@gmail.com
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mwachaka
authors.forename: Nchafatso G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Obonyo
authors.forename: Ben K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Mutiso
authors.forename: Simeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ranketi
authors.forename: Nimrod
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mwang'ombe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D016080:Arachnoid Cysts / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000453:epidemiology; D006408:Hematoma, Subdural / Q000453:epidemiology; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*