title: Berberine inhibits cell growth and mediates caspase-independent cell death in human pancreatic cancer cells.
abstract: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies with an increasing incidence worldwide. In addition to the poor survival rates, combinations using gemcitabine as a backbone have failed to show any benefit beyond monotherapy. These facts underscore an urgent need for novel therapeutic options and motivated us to study the effect of berberine on pancreatic cancer cells. Here, we undertook an mRNA-based gene expression profiling study in order to get deeper insight into the molecular targets mediating the growth inhibitory effects of berberine on pancreatic cancer cells compared to normal ones. Twenty-four hours after treatment, berberine showed preferential selectivity toward pancreatic cancer cells compared to normal ones. Moreover, expression profiling and Ingenuity pathway analysis results showed that the cytotoxicity of berberine was accompanied with an activation of BRCA1-mediated DNA damage response, G1/S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoint regulation, and P53 signalling pathways. The activation of these signalling pathways might be explained by the fact that berberine intercalates DNA and induces DNA strand break through inhibition of topoisomerases and induction of DNA lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pinto-Garcia
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Efferth
authors.forename: Amada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Jörg D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hoheisel
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Youns
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001599:Berberine / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D001599:Berberine; D020169:Caspases