title: Exercise effects on motor and affective behavior and catecholamine neurochemistry in the MPTP-lesioned mouse.
abstract: This study used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice to determine if exercise improves behavior and dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) content. Male C57BL/6 mice received MPTP (4 x 20mg/kg) or saline. They remained sedentary or exercised by treadmill or voluntary running wheel for 6 weeks (n=8/group). Saline-treated mice ran significantly faster on running wheels (22.8+/-1.0m/min) than on treadmill (8.5+/-0.5m/min), and MPTP lesion did not reduce voluntary exercise (19.3+/-1.5m/min, p>0.05). There was a significant effect of both lesion and exercise on overall Rotarod performance (ORP): MPTP lesion reduced ORP, while treadmill exercise increased ORP vs sedentary mice (p<0.05). MPTP increased anxiety in the marble-burying test: sedentary lesioned mice buried more marbles (74.0+/-5.2%) than sedentary controls (34.8+/-11.8%, p<0.05). Conversely, exercise reduced anxiety on the elevated plus maze. Among saline-treated mice, those exposed to voluntary wheel-running showed an increased percent of open arm entries (49.8+/-3.5%, p<0.05) relative to sedentary controls (36.2+/-4.0%, p<0.05). Neither MPTP nor exercise altered symptoms of depression measured by sucrose preference or tail suspension. MPTP significantly reduced DA in striatum (in sedentary lesioned mice to 42.1+/-3.0% of saline controls), and lowered 5HT in amygdala and striatum (in sedentary lesioned mice to 86.1+/-4.1% and 66.5+/-8.2% of saline controls, respectively); exercise had no effect. Thus, exercise improves behavior in a model of DA depletion, without changes in DA or 5HT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Lori M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gorton
authors.forename: Marta G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Vuckovic
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vertelkina
authors.forename: Giselle M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Petzinger
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Jakowec
authors.forename: Ruth I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D003863:Depression / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D045442:Rotarod Performance Test; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D004298:Dopamine; D003345:Corticosterone
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1999 Jan;276(1):R152-61
references.pmid: 9887189
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Jun 1;563(1-3):155-9
references.pmid: 17368614
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2007 Oct;26(7):1902-11
references.pmid: 17883413
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Jun;991:1-14
references.pmid: 12846969
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1991 Feb;148(2):274
references.pmid: 1987832
references.citation: Postgrad Med J. 2001 Feb;77(904):89-93
references.pmid: 11161073
references.citation: Exp Neurol. 2007 May;205(1):207-13
references.pmid: 17341420
references.citation: Neurology. 2002 May 28;58(10):1501-4
references.pmid: 12034786
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004 Nov;29(11):2007-17
references.pmid: 15266352
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1974 Oct;31(4):447-54
references.pmid: 4420562
references.citation: Physiol Behav. 2008 Mar 18;93(4-5):697-705
references.pmid: 18164736
references.citation: J Neural Transm. 1984;60(3-4):199-203
references.pmid: 6084705
references.citation: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2008 Aug;90(2):198-207
references.pmid: 18035407
references.citation: Brain Res. 1992 Feb 14;572(1-2):224-31
references.pmid: 1611516
references.citation: Psychosom Med. 2000 Sep-Oct;62(5):633-8
references.pmid: 11020092
references.citation: Brain Res. 2008 Mar 14;1199:148-58
references.pmid: 18267317
references.citation: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000 Jul;81(7):849-52
references.pmid: 10895994
references.citation: J Neurosci Res. 2010 Feb 15;88(3):650-68
references.pmid: 19746427
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2000 Jun;105(11):1631-9
references.pmid: 10841522
references.citation: Endocrinology. 1984 May;114(5):1546-9
references.pmid: 6143656
references.citation: Neurology. 2005 Feb 22;64(4):664-9
references.pmid: 15728289
references.citation: Endocrinology. 2007 Dec;148(12):6026-39
references.pmid: 17823259
references.citation: Behav Genet. 1995 Nov;25(6):557-68
references.pmid: 8540894
references.citation: J Neurosci Methods. 1998 Sep 1;83(2):165-75
references.pmid: 9765130
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2007 Oct 12;149(1):28-37
references.pmid: 17869432
references.citation: Nat Protoc. 2007;2(2):322-8
references.pmid: 17406592
references.citation: Mol Chem Neuropathol. 1989 Jun;10(3):185-200
references.pmid: 2504173
references.citation: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2002 Mar;57(2):P124-32
references.pmid: 11867660
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1990 Feb;147(2):217-20
references.pmid: 2301664
references.citation: Mov Disord. 2008 Jan;23(1):1-11
references.pmid: 17894327
references.citation: Mov Disord. 2006 Feb;21(2):148-58
references.pmid: 16211591
references.citation: Prog Brain Res. 2008;167:257-61
references.pmid: 18037021
references.citation: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Jul;89(7):1221-9
references.pmid: 18534554
references.citation: Neurology. 1994 Mar;44(3 Pt 1):376-8
references.pmid: 8145901
references.citation: J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2004 Sep;17(3):120-6
references.pmid: 15312275
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2005;29(4-5):571-625
references.pmid: 15890404
references.citation: Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2007 Sep;13 Suppl:S2-7
references.pmid: 17681839
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 2003;(417):38-50
references.pmid: 12950435
references.citation: Eur J Neurol. 2008 Apr;15 Suppl 1:21-5
references.pmid: 18353133
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1985;85(3):367-70
references.pmid: 3923523
references.citation: Brain Res Bull. 1982 Jun;8(6):609-12
references.pmid: 6890398
references.citation: J Neurosci Res. 2004 Aug 1;77(3):378-90
references.pmid: 15248294
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 2004 Oct 5;154(2):375-83
references.pmid: 15313025
references.citation: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1996 May;54(1):21-30
references.pmid: 8728535
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2003;119(3):899-911
references.pmid: 12809709
references.citation: Acta Neurol Scand. 2005 Feb;111(2):95-101
references.pmid: 15644068
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999 Oct;67(4):492-6
references.pmid: 10486397
references.citation: Circulation. 2001 Jun 12;103(23):2839-44
references.pmid: 11401942
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994 Jan;51(1):8-19
references.pmid: 8279933
references.citation: J Neural Transm (Vienna). 1996;103(8-9):987-1041
references.pmid: 9013391
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2005;133(3):853-61
references.pmid: 15896913
references.citation: Brain Res Brain Res Protoc. 1997 Dec 1;2(1):75-84
references.pmid: 9438075
references.citation: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1981 Nov;15(5):695-9
references.pmid: 6118883
references.citation: BMC Neurosci. 2009 Jan 20;10:6
references.pmid: 19154608
references.citation: J Behav Med. 2005 Aug;28(4):385-94
references.pmid: 16049630
references.citation: J Nucl Med. 2000 Aug;41(8):1352-6
references.pmid: 10945526
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1997 Jul;132(2):107-24
references.pmid: 9266608
references.citation: Prev Med. 2006 Apr;42(4):273-9
references.pmid: 16439008
references.citation: Lancet Neurol. 2006 Mar;5(3):235-45
references.pmid: 16488379
references.citation: Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):979-80
references.pmid: 6823561
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 1999 Oct 25;159(19):2349-56
references.pmid: 10547175
references.citation: Neurobiol Dis. 2008 Nov;32(2):319-27
references.pmid: 18718537
references.citation: Brain Res Bull. 1992 Mar;28(3):355-64
references.pmid: 1350496
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 2005 Sep 8;163(2):159-67
references.pmid: 15941598
references.citation: Curr Protoc Neurosci. 2001 May;Chapter 8:Unit 8.10A
references.pmid: 18428536
references.citation: Neurodegeneration. 1995 Sep;4(3):257-69
references.pmid: 8581558
references.citation: J Neurochem. 1986 Jun;46(6):1865-76
references.pmid: 2422325
references.citation: Recent Prog Horm Res. 1987;43:113-73
references.pmid: 2819993
references.citation: Chem Senses. 2001 Sep;26(7):925-33
references.pmid: 11555487
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2002 Jul 15;22(14):6282-9
references.pmid: 12122087
references.citation: Comp Med. 2004 Oct;54(5):497-513
references.pmid: 15575363
references.citation: Eur J Neurol. 2008 Apr;15 Suppl 1:14-20
references.pmid: 18353132
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 2006 Mar 15;168(1):47-55
references.pmid: 16290283
references.citation: Neuron. 2003 Sep 11;39(6):889-909
references.pmid: 12971891
references.citation: Curr Protoc Neurosci. 2004 May;Chapter 8:Unit 8.3
references.pmid: 18428606
references.citation: Bull Exp Biol Med. 2008 Jul;146(1):52-5
references.pmid: 19145349
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2007 May 16;27(20):5291-300
references.pmid: 17507552
references.citation: Neurosci Res. 2005 Mar;51(3):265-74
references.pmid: 15710490
references.citation: Brain Res. 1987 Mar 3;405(1):26-38
references.pmid: 2882814
references.citation: Phys Ther. 2008 Jan;88(1):63-76
references.pmid: 17940108
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 2005 Jul 1;162(1):127-34
references.pmid: 15922073
references.citation: Neurobiol Aging. 2005 Dec;26 Suppl 1:119-23
references.pmid: 16223547
references.citation: Mov Disord. 2000 Nov;15(6):1112-8
references.pmid: 11104193
references.citation: PLoS One. 2008 Sep 17;3(9):e3221
references.pmid: 18797507
references.citation: Brain Res. 1997 Feb 28;749(2):188-99
references.pmid: 9138718
references.citation: J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1996 Fall;8(4):383-92
references.pmid: 9116473
references.citation: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1991 Jan;38(1):63-7
references.pmid: 2017455
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 1998 Apr 10;245(3):151-4
references.pmid: 9605478