title: Function of human Rh based on structure of RhCG at 2.1 A.
abstract: In humans, NH(3) transport across cell membranes is facilitated by the Rh (rhesus) family of proteins. Human Rh C glycoprotein (RhCG) forms a trimeric complex that plays an essential role in ammonia excretion and renal pH regulation. The X-ray crystallographic structure of human RhCG, determined at 2.1 A resolution, reveals the mechanism of ammonia transport. Each monomer contains 12 transmembrane helices, one more than in the bacterial homologs. Reconstituted into proteoliposomes, RhCG conducts NH(3) to raise internal pH. Models of the erythrocyte Rh complex based on our RhCG structure suggest that the erythrocytic Rh complex is composed of stochastically assembled heterotrimers of RhAG, RhD, and RhCE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, S412C Genentech Hall, Center for the Structure of Membrane Proteins, and Membrane Protein Expression Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gruswitz
authors.forename: Sarika
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Avner
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schlessinger
authors.forename: Bobak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pezeshki
authors.forename: Chi-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sali
authors.forename: Connie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Westhoff
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Stroud
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C413213:RHCG protein, human; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; D000641:Ammonia
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