title: A dose-escalation phase I trial of nimotuzumab, an antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor, in patients with advanced solid malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nimotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody which inhibits the ligand-dependent activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We conducted a phase I trial to assess the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of escalating doses of nimotuzumab administered alone in patients with advanced solid cancers patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were treated with escalating doses of weekly intravenous nimotuzumab at doses ranging between 100 and 800 mg. Tumor and skin biopsies were done before start of treatment and repeated 3 weeks after to assess immunohistochemical expression of EGFR and its downstream components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients were enrolled, including 1 patient never treated. Although 1 dose-limiting-toxicity (DLT) was observed at 100 mg (grade 3 fatigue), nimotuzumab dose was escalated to 800 mg with no other DLT. No grade 4 toxicity was observed. Only 3 patients developed a grade 1 acneiform rash (18.7%). One patient achieved a partial response (6.2%) and 8 patients had stable disease (50.0%). The median TTP was 2.4 months. No significant changes in EGFR, AKT, ERK and Ki67 immuno-stainings were observed between pre- and on-treatment tumor or skin biopsies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nimotuzumab could be safety administered up to 800 mg with manageable toxicity. No relationships were found between pharmacodynamic effects on EGFR downstream signaling pathways and drug efficacy or toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brade
authors.forename: Joao M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Magalhaes
authors.forename: Lillian L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oza
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lovell
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hedley
authors.forename: Leonardo V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Nicacio
authors.forename: Eric X
authors.initials: EX
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008024:Ligands; C501466:nimotuzumab; D066246:ErbB Receptors
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