title: Malignant progression in two children with multiple osteochondromas.
abstract: Multiple Osteochondromas (MO) is a disease of benign bony growths with a low incidence of malignant transformation. Secondary chondrosarcoma in children is rare even in children with MO. Making a diagnosis of malignancy in low-grade cartilage tumors is challenging and requires consideration of clinical, radiographic, and histopathological factors. We report two cases of skeletally immature patients with MO who presented with rapidly enlarging and radiographically aggressive lesions consistent with malignant transformation. Both underwent allograft reconstruction of the involved site with no signs of recurrence or metastatic disease at a minimum of four-year follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Schmale
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rutledge
authors.forename: Ernest U
authors.initials: EU
authors.lastname: Conrad
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