title: Restless legs syndrome is frequent in narcolepsy with cataplexy patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the occurrence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study assessing the frequency of comorbidity of RLS and NC in three European sleep disorder centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three sleep research centers recruited 184 NC patients and 235 age-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NC patients and controls underwent a face-to-face interview investigating demographics, medical and drug history, sleep habits, and sleep disorders, in particular RLS based on the 4 international criteria and on a frequency > or =2 times/week, with a detailed description of RLS symptoms when present. RLS was significantly more prevalent among NC patients (14.7%) than in controls (3.0%). The age at onset of RLS in NC patients fits with the age at onset in idiopathic RLS, and RLS appeared more than 10 years after NC onset. Unlike idiopathic RLS, RLS in NC subjects was not more prevalent in women and was less familial (15.4% of cases). Lastly, NC patients with RLS showed a moderate disease severity and an almost daily occurrence of symptoms, which were also diurnal in 35% of cases. Older age, higher blood ferritin levels, and sleep paralysis seem to have a predictive value for RLS in NC. The higher ferritin levels indicate that different pathophysiological mechanisms underlie secondary RLS associated with NC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the association between RLS and NC. The nature of this association is still investigational, but it does indicate that RLS must be addressed in the evaluation and management of nocturnal sleep impairment in NC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. giuseppe.plazzi@unibo.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Plazzi
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Antelmi
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bayard
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franceschini
authors.forename: Filomena I I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Cosentino
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abril
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spruyt
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Provini
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Montagna
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dauvilliers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D020188:Sleep Paralysis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005293:Ferritins
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