title: Prevalence and persistence of vitamin D deficiency in biliopancreatic diversion patients: a retrospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) is a form of bariatric surgery that produces substantial and sustained weight loss, improved co-morbidities, and a higher quality of life. However, it does have associated sequelae such as vitamin D deficiency. With limited published data, a comprehensive review of vitamin D levels in BPD patients was warranted.
  
  
  METHODS
  All available 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) levels were assessed from 219 BPD patients. The dates of 25-OH-D levels were compared to each individual patent's surgery date. Data was analyzed according to patient sex, ethnicity, age, and time from surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority (72.3%) of 25-OH-D levels (n = 607) in BPD patients were insufficient (</=30 ng/ml), and 46.8% were deficient (</=20 ng/ml). Statistical analysis revealed that 25-OH-D levels decrease over time with BPD patients (n = 0.0468), and no significant relationship exists with patient sex, ethnicity, or age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study gives evidence that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is prevalent in BPD patients. Despite excess weight loss and oral vitamin D supplementation, the data shows that vitamin D levels continue to decrease over time in BPD patients. Since the current method of vitamin D supplementation is not producing ideal results, other protocol needs to be developed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Birgit N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Khandalavala
authors.forename: Pierce P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Hibma
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015904:Biliopancreatic Diversion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009329:Nebraska / Q000453:epidemiology; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
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