title: Reindeer bone extract can heal the critical-size rat femur defect.
abstract: Bone extract from reindeer induces new ectopic bone formation (BF) in muscle pouches, but its feasibility in experimental bone lesions has not been evaluated. We investigated the effects of implants, containing 2, 5, 15, 20 or 50 mg of reindeer bone extract in a collagen carrier, on the healing of 8-mm femur defects in 78 rats. We used 30 µg of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in a collagen carrier, collagen and untreated defects as controls. Bone healing was evaluated with radiographs, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), biomechanics and histology. In comparison with empty defects, the groups receiving bone extracts showed more BF at three weeks and had better bone union (BU), larger mean cross-sectional bone area at the defect site in groups receiving higher doses of extract, showed greater torsional stiffness of the bones and higher maximum breaking load of bones at six weeks. In comparison to all other groups, in the rhBMP-2 group, BF and BU were best at the three- and six-week follow-up, bone area was largest and mechanical test results were best. Although rhBMP-2 is superior for new bone regeneration, native reindeer bone extract is also effective in the six-week follow-up period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. hanna.tolli@bbs-artebone.fi
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tölli
authors.forename: Sauli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kujala
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jämsä
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jalovaara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D003094:Collagen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008297:Male; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012053:Reindeer; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D003094:Collagen
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