title: MR-perfusion (MRP) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in prostate cancer: quantitative and model-based gadobenate dimeglumine MRP parameters in detection of prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various MR methods, including MR-spectroscopy (MRS), dynamic, contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have been applied to improve test quality of standard MRI of the prostate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if quantitative, model-based MR-perfusion (MRP) with gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) discriminates between prostate cancer, benign tissue, and transitional zone (TZ) tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  27 patients (age, 65±4 years; PSA 11.0±6.1 ng/ml) with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer underwent standard MRI, 3D MR-spectroscopy (MRS), and MRP with Gd-BOPTA. Based on results of combined MRI/MRS and subsequent guided prostate biopsy alone (17/27), biopsy and radical prostatectomy (9/27), or sufficient negative follow-up (7/27), maps of model-free, deconvolution-based mean transit time (dMTT) were generated for 29 benign regions (bROIs), 14 cancer regions (cROIs), and 18 regions of transitional zone (tzROIs). Applying a 2-compartment exchange model, quantitative perfusion analysis was performed including as parameters: plasma flow (PF), plasma volume (PV), plasma mean transit time (PMTT), extraction flow (EFL), extraction fraction (EFR), interstitial volume (IV) and interstitial mean transit time (IMTT). Two-sided T-tests (significance level p<0.05) discriminated bROIs vs. cROIs and cROIs vs. tzROIs, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PMTT discriminated best between bROIs (11.8±3.0 s) and cROIs (24.3±9.6 s) (p<0.0001), while PF, PV, PS, EFR, IV, IMTT also differed significantly (p 0.00002-0.0136). Discrimination between cROIs and tzROIs was insignificant for all parameters except PV (14.3±2.5 ml vs. 17.6±2.6 ml, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Besides MRI, MRS and DWI quantitative, 2-compartment MRP with Gd-BOPTA discriminates between prostate cancer and benign tissue with several parameters. However, distinction of prostate cancer and TZ does not appear to be reliable.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. michael.scherr@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Scherr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: U G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Müller-Lisse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ingrisch
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Reiser
authors.forename: U L
authors.initials: UL
authors.lastname: Müller-Lisse
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011467:Prostate / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C064572:gadobenic acid; D008536:Meglumine