title: Clinical manifestations and treatment of the pediatric rheumatoid patient.
abstract: The management goal of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is to achieve early diagnosis and treatment so that arthritis can be resolved at an early stage, which avoids long-term damage and provides a good outcome of the affected inflammatory joints. This article describes presentation, classification, evaluation, and treatment of JRA as it relates to the foot and ankle. Because the course of JRA is complex and the optimal management is highly variable in each patient, this article can only offer recommendations. Actual treatment should be individualized to meet the conditions of each patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA. lhaber@orthopedics.umsmed.edu
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Haber
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Womack
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005531:Foot Deformities, Acquired / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D017746:Joint Capsule / Q000601:surgery; D008487:Medical History Taking; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D010808:Physical Examination; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D000074402:Synovectomy; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers