title: The usefulness of fast-spin-echo T2-weighted MR imaging in Nutcracker syndrome: a case report.
abstract: Nutcracker syndrome occurs when the left renal vein (LRV) is compressed between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta, and this syndrome is often characterized by venous hypertension and related pathologies. However, invasive studies such as phlebography and measuring the reno-caval pressure gradient should be performed to identify venous hypertension. Here we present a case of Nutcracker syndrome where the LRV and intra-renal varicosities appeared homogeneously hyperintense on magnetic resonance (MR) fast-spin-echo T2-weighted imaging, which suggested markedly stagnant intravenous blood flow and the presence of venous hypertension. The patient was diagnosed and treated without obtaining the reno-caval pressure gradient. The discomfort of the patient lessened after treatment. Furthermore, on follow-up evaluation, the LRV displayed a signal void, and this was suggestive of a restoration of the normal LRV flow and a decrease in LRV pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Heong-Ieng
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Heong-Leng
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Matt Chiung-Yu
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Cgek-Siung
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Kuo-An
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Cheng-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Mei-Jui
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Huei-Lung
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Huay-Ben
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015607:Stents; D013577:Syndrome; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
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