title: Proteomic approaches to Sjögren's syndrome: a clue to interpret the pathophysiology and organ involvement of the disease.
abstract: Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands leading to qualitatively altered and diminished or absent salivary and lachrymal secretion, and by marked B-cell hyperreactivity. Many efforts have been made to define a panel of salivary and lachrymal markers helpful to design diagnostic tests able to replace blood tests and tissue biopsies for the diagnosis of primary and secondary SS. Several proteomic-based studies have indicated that a number of proteins and peptides can be considered SS biomarkers, being 2-3-fold up- or down-regulated compared to normal subject or having an exclusive presence in the saliva or tears of SS patients. Unfortunately, several factors make it difficult to define a comprehensive salivary and lachrymal panel of markers of SS, as the lack of a comprehensive proteomic analysis of human tears and saliva of healthy subjects, the lack of uniform protocols to collect and treat these samples, and the high grade of posttranslational modification of the proteins in these fluids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology - Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Italy. gf.ferraccioli@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferraccioli
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Santis
authors.forename: Giusy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peluso
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inzitari
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fanali
authors.forename: Silvia Laura
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bosello
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iavarone
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castagnola
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers