title: Cellular density evaluation for malignant lymphoma using equivalent cross-relaxation rate imaging - initial experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Equivalent cross-relaxation rate (ECR) imaging is an MRI technique used to evaluate quantitatively a change in the protein-water interaction. We aimed to evaluate retrospectively the usefulness of ECR imaging for the histologic classification of malignant lymphoma (ML).
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional Review Board approval was obtained and all patients provided informed consent. The study subjects included 15 patients with untreated ML who were histologically diagnosed with follicular lymphoma (FL; n = 8) or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n = 7). All patients underwent ECR imaging and the offset frequency was set at 7 ppm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median ECR values were 71% (range; 60.7 to 75.5) in FL and 54% (50.8 to 59.4) in DLBCL (p = 0.001). The median cellular density was 1.5 +/- 0.17 x 10(6) / mm(2) in FL and 1.0 +/- 0.70 x 10(6) / mm(2) in DLBCL (p = 0.001). The correlation coefficient between the ECR values and cellular density in ML was 0.88 (p = 0.001). In FL and DLBCL, assuming ECR value cut-off points of 60%, both sensitivity and specificity were 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A strong correlation between ECR and cellular density in ML is demonstrated and the ECR may be a useful technique to differentiate between FL and DLBCL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan. nishiofukuhideyuki@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishiofuku
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaura
authors.forename: Yozo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishima
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kichikawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002452:Cell Count; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008224:Lymphoma, Follicular / Q000473:pathology*; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D012189:Retrospective Studies
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