title: A preliminary study of chemo- and cytokine responses in rabies vaccine recipients of intradermal and intramuscular regimens.
abstract: Plasma from 10 patients who had received rabies vaccine either intradermally (ID) or intramuscularly (IM) was examined for 20 chemo- and cytokines. Plasma samples were withdrawn on days 0, 3 and 7 after vaccination. These chemo- and cytokines and sampling days were chosen based on data collected from a protein array analysis of 122 cytokines conducted on one recipient of vaccine administered IM and one recipient of vaccine administered ID. Although eotaxin, interleukin (IL)-5 in the ID and IL-1 beta in the IM group were the only chemo- and cytokines that reached statistical significance (p<0.05), the overall trends may suggest bias on Th1 or Th2 according to vaccination routes. IL-1 alpha, -2, and -6, hemofiltrate cysteine-cysteine chemokine (HCC-4), glucocorticoid induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related apoptosis inducing ligand-receptor (TRAIL-R3) had some degree of elevation in the ID group. TNF-alpha, gamma-interferon, granulocytes/macrophages - colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, lymphotactin and pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (PARC) were elevated, although not to a significant level, in the IM group. IL-12, interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractrant (I-TAC) and sertoli cell factor (SCF) were not significantly elevated in both groups whereas IL-4 and -10 were unchanged. Further studies are required to determine whether the presence of specific chemokines, such as eotaxin, is responsible for the production of high levels of rabies virus neutralizing antibody after administration of the dose-sparing ID regimen.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, Rama 4 Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Abhinbhen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saraya
authors.forename: Supaporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wacharapluesadee
authors.forename: Pakamatz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khawplod
authors.forename: Saowaluck
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tepsumethanon
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: Thanin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asawavichienjinda
authors.forename: Thiravat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hemachudha
mesh_terms: D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D011819:Rabies Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D011819:Rabies Vaccines