title: Irrational Beliefs in Employees with an Adjustment, a Depressive, or an Anxiety Disorder: a Prospective Cohort Study.
abstract: It remains unclear if patients with different types of common mental disorders, such as adjustment, anxiety and depressive disorders, have the same irrational ideas. The aim of this prospective cohort study (n = 190) is to investigate differences in level and type of irrational beliefs among these groups and to examine whether a change in irrational beliefs is related to symptom recovery. Irrational beliefs (IBI) and symptoms were measured at four points in time: at baseline, after 3, 6 and 12 months. Results showed that diagnostic groups differed in their level of irrational beliefs and this effect remained over time. Highest levels of irrationality were observed in the double diagnosis group, followed by the anxiety disorder group and the depression group. Participants with adjustment disorders showed the lowest levels of irrationality, comparable to a community sample. We did not find differences in the type of irrational beliefs between diagnostic groups. The level of irrationality declined over time for all diagnostic groups. No differences in decrease were observed between diagnostic groups. The magnitude and direction of change in irrational beliefs were related to the magnitude of recovery of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms over time. These results support the application of general cognitive interventions, especially for patients with a depressive or an anxiety disorder.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuijsen
authors.forename: Jos H A M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Verbeek
authors.forename: Angela G E M
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Roland W B
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Blonk
authors.forename: Frank J H
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Dijk
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 1995 Mar;33(3):335-43
references.pmid: 7726811
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1996 Aug;169(2):181-8
references.pmid: 8871794
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 1993 Jun;83(6):896-8
references.pmid: 8498632
references.citation: Occup Environ Med. 2003 Jun;60 Suppl 1:i77-82
references.pmid: 12782751
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 1993 Jul-Sep;27(3):247-52
references.pmid: 8295157
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 1991;29(3):293-300
references.pmid: 1679324
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2001 Dec;179:479-81
references.pmid: 11731347
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Nov;154(11):1593-8
references.pmid: 9356570
references.citation: Percept Mot Skills. 2006 Feb;102(1):187-96
references.pmid: 16671619
references.citation: Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 1997;10(3):283-95
references.pmid: 9524406
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 1997 Jan;35(1):79-89
references.pmid: 9009048
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 1985;23(3):365-9
references.pmid: 2860893
references.citation: J Clin Psychol. 1998 Feb;54(2):137-42
references.pmid: 9467757
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993 Dec;61(6):1083-90
references.pmid: 8113487
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1980 Jun;48(3):366-74
references.pmid: 7381096