title: An integrated evidence rating to frame comparative effectiveness assessments for decision makers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An important challenge facing the research community is how to make comparative effectiveness reviews "fit for purpose"--how to translate the results into a format that can provide actionable guidance for all stakeholders trying to improve the quality and value of health care.
  
  
  METHODS
  To communicate transparently the overall judgments on the findings from a comparative effectiveness review, the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) uses an integrated evidence rating that combines separate ratings of comparative clinical effectiveness and comparative value. These integrated ratings look somewhat like bond ratings, and are suited to foster more direct consideration by all decision makers for potential application to patient information, clinical guidelines, and value-based coverage and payment policies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ICER Integrated Evidence Ratings have supported coverage decision-making processes in a limited number of public and private payers, and demonstration efforts are underway to link reviews to patient information and revised payment policies. Several important challenges to rating have been encountered and addressed. Early feedback has suggested that the rating format helps decision makers understand the key issues underlying judgments about the comparative effectiveness of alternative interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decision makers need comparative effectiveness reviews to be objective and rigorous; they also need key judgments regarding the evidence to be translated so all stakeholders can understand and consider them fully. A rating format that captures key judgments about comparative clinical effectiveness and comparative value could prove an effective method for helping ensure that comparative effectiveness reviews are understandable and useful to all stakeholders.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER), Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Technology Assessment, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ollendorf
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pearson
mesh_terms: D057186:Comparative Effectiveness Research / Q000379:methods*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data