title: Molecular monolayers on silicon as substrates for biosensors.
abstract: (111) silicon surfaces can be controlled down to atomic level and offer a remarkable starting point for elaborating nanostructures. Hydrogenated surfaces are obtained by oxide dissolution in hydrofluoric acid or ammonium fluoride solution. Organic species are grafted onto the hydrogenated surface by a hydrosilylation reaction, providing a robust covalent Si-C bonding. Finally, probe molecules can be anchored to the organic end group, paving the way to the elaboration of sensors. Fluorescence detection is hampered by the high refractive index of silicon. However, improved sensitivity is obtained by replacing the bulk silicon substrate by a thin layer of amorphous silicon deposited on a reflector. The development of a novel hybrid SPR interface by the deposition of an amorphous silicon-carbon alloy is also presented. Such an interface allows the subsequent linking of stable organic monolayers through Si-C bonds for a plasmonic detection. On the other hand, the semiconducting properties of silicon can be used to implement field-effect label-free detection. However, the electrostatic interaction between adsorbed species may lead to a spreading of the adsorption isotherms, which should not be overlooked in practical operating conditions of the sensor. Atomically flat silicon surfaces may allow for measuring recognition interactions with local-probe microscopy.
authors.affiliation: Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France. larbi.touahir@polytechnique.edu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Touahir
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allongue
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aureau
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boukherroub
authors.forename: J-N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Chazalviel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galopin
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gouget-Laemmel
authors.forename: C Henry
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: de Villeneuve
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moraillon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niedziółka-Jönsson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozanam
authors.forename: J Salvador
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Andresa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sam
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szunerits
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D055672:Static Electricity; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C024822:ammonium fluoride; D002244:Carbon; D006859:Hydrogen; D005459:Fluorides; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid; D012825:Silicon