title: Role of fluorescence in situ hybridization in bladder cancer surveillance of patients with negative cytology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical utility of urine markers in urothelial cancer (UC) surveillance is not established. We previously evaluated the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in managing patients with atypical cytology at risk for UC. This study evaluates its role in patients with negative cytology with a history of UC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 2007 and January 2009, every patient with a history of UC who underwent cystoscopy and cytology with UroVysion test were identified. A comprehensive chart review was performed on each patient with negative cytology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The population comprised 142 patients undergoing cancer surveillance; 111 patients with negative cystoscopy, 19 with equivocal cystoscopy, and 12 with positive cystoscopy. In patients with negative cystoscopy, there was cancer in only 1 of 111 patients. UroVysion could detect the only patient with UC with sensitivity of 100% and had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. In patients with equivocal cystoscopy, it detected 2 tumors that would be missed by cytology. There were 4 false negative results (sensitivity 33.3% and NPV 66.7%). In patients with obvious lesion on cystoscopy, there were 9 false negative results (sensitivity 10% and NPV 18.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few patients with negative cystoscopy and negative cytology have cancer. Patients with equivocal and positive cystoscopy and negative cytology frequently have cancer and the UroVysion FISH assay was not helpful in these cases. The cost-effectiveness of the FISH assay needs to be assessed prior to widespread use in patients with negative cytology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Ramy F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Schlomer
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Arthur I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Sagalowsky
authors.forename: Raheela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ashfaq
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lotan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D003584:Cytological Techniques / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology