title: Obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions in Japanese tourette syndrome subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the current and lifetime frequency and severity of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptom dimensions in Tourette syndrome (TS) patients, and how these dimensions affect clinical characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty TS outpatients (29 males, 11 females) were interviewed with the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS), the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), the Shapiro Tourette Syndrome Severity Scale, and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  OC symptoms were present in 80% of the total sample. The miscellaneous and the symmetry dimensions were the most frequent at the "current" and "lifetime" surveys, respectively. The aggression dimension had the smallest difference between "worst ever" and current ratings among the all OC symptom dimensions. TS patients with the aggression dimension (n=7) had significantly lower scores in the GAF scale and higher frequencies of coprolalia. There were significant correlations between the YGTSS severity scores and specific DY-BOCS dimensions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OC symptoms are frequent in TS subjects and there were differences in the frequency, severity, and course of the OC symptom dimensions. These results emphasize the need for future longitudinal studies using a dimensional approach for the evaluation of OC symptoms in tic disorders.
authors.affiliation: University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan. kano-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: Kurie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shishikura
authors.forename: Chizue
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Maria Conceiçäo
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: do Rosario
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult