title: Kinetics of ERK1/2 activation determine sensitivity of acute myeloid leukaemia cells to the induction of apoptosis by the novel small molecule ingenol 3-angelate (PEP005).
abstract: The novel small molecule ingenol 3-angelate (PEP005) has been shown previously to induce apoptosis in leukaemic cell lines and primary AML cells, an effect that requires the expression of protein kinase C-delta (PKCdelta). Here we have investigated signalling events downstream of PKCdelta that determine sensitivity of AML cells to PEP005. We show that activation of ERK1/2 MAP kinase occurred in both sensitive and resistant cells and that induction of apoptosis required sustained signalling through the ERK1/2 pathway. Inhibition of ERK1/2 signalling using the MEK inhibitor PD98059 inhibited PEP005-induced apoptosis and activation of ERK1/2 was shown to occur downstream of PKC activation. The data show that PEP005-induced apoptosis is both PKC and ERK1/2 dependent and indicate that chronic activation of ERK1/2 in leukaemic cells delivers a pro-apoptotic rather than a proliferative or survival signal.
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Birmingham University Medical School, UK. p.hampson@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hampson
authors.forename: Keqing
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Milverton
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ersvaer
authors.forename: Oystein
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bruserud
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lord
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000378:metabolism*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C486592:3-ingenyl angelate; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one