title: The visualisation of vitreous using surface modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles.
abstract: AIMS To demonstrate the potential use of in vitro poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles in comparison with triamcinolone suspension to aid visualisation of vitreous during anterior and posterior vitrectomy. METHODS PLGA microparticles (diameter 10-60 microm) were fabricated using single and/or double emulsion technique(s) and used untreated or following the surface adsorption of a protein (transglutaminase). Particle size, shape, morphology and surface topography were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compared with a standard triamcinolone suspension. The efficacy of these microparticles to enhance visualisation of vitreous against the triamcinolone suspension was assessed using an in vitro set-up exploiting porcine vitreous. RESULTS Unmodified PLGA microparticles failed to adequately adhere to porcine vitreous and were readily washed out by irrigation. In contrast, modified transglutaminase-coated PLGA microparticles demonstrated a significant improvement in adhesiveness and were comparable to a triamcinolone suspension in their ability to enhance the visualisation of vitreous. This adhesive behaviour also demonstrated selectivity by not binding to the corneal endothelium. CONCLUSION The use of transglutaminase-modified biodegradable PLGA microparticles represents a novel method of visualising vitreous and aiding vitrectomy. This method may provide a distinct alternative for the visualisation of vitreous whilst eliminating the pharmacological effects of triamcinolone acetonide suspension.
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
authors.forename: David Y S
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: Naing L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Tint
authors.forename: Russell J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Collighan
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Harminder S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Dua
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Shakesheff
authors.forename: Felicity R A J
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D006016:Glycolates / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D014221:Triamcinolone; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000379:methods; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D006016:Glycolates; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D014221:Triamcinolone; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid
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