title: Potential roles of fibroblast growth factor-9 in the benzo(a)pyrene-induced invasion in vitro and the metastasis of human lung adenocarcinoma.
abstract: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-9 belongs to the FGF family which modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and motility. Benzo(a)pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and ubiquitous environmental carcinogen present in automobile exhaust, cigarette smoke, and foods. The major purposes of this study were to explore the roles of FGF-9 in the benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung cancer invasion in vitro and the metastatic development of lung adenocarcinoma in human. The data of RT-PCR analysis indicated that treatments of human lung adenocarcinoma CL5 cells with benzo(a)pyrene and a PAH mixture motorcycle exhaust particulate (MEP) extracts increased FGF-9 mRNA expression. The increased expression was blocked by cotreatments with a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB202190 and an extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor PD98059. The results of immunoblot analysis and Matrigel assay showed that benzo(a)pyrene and MEP extracts produced a concomitant induction of FGF-9 protein and invasive ability of CL5 cells. The benzo(a)pyrene- and MEP-induced invasion was suppressed by FGF-9 neutralizing antibodies. The results of immunohistochemistry analysis of human lung adenocarcinoma specimens showed that FGF-9 protein was detected in the adenocarcinoma cells but not in normal epithelium. FGF-9 staining intensity was positively correlated with status of disease and degree of lymph node metastasis in these lung adenocarcinomas. These present findings suggest that FGF-9 has potential roles in benzo(a)pyrene-induced CL5 cell invasion and human lung adenocarcinoma metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. thueng@ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Tzuu-Huei
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ueng
authors.forename: Yih-Leong
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yi-Ya
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Jen-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Ping-Kun
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Jin-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Yung-Chie
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yee-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Min-Liang
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000633:toxicity*; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D051525:Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D051525:Fibroblast Growth Factor 9; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene