title: Effects of intrathecal fentanyl on quality of spinal anesthesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of intrathecal fentanyl on the characteristics of spinal anesthesia has not been investigated in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the incidence and severity of pain during peritoneal sac traction is decreased by addition of fentanyl to bupivacaine in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair with spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (6-14 years) were randomized into two groups. Group F (n = 25): hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 0.2 microg.kg(-1) of fentanyl. Group P (n = 25): hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 0.9% NaCl (placebo). The dose of bupivacaine was 0.4 mg.kg(-1). The primary variable was the incidence and severity of pain during peritoneal sac traction. Spinal block characteristics, duration of spinal anesthesia assessed by recovery of hip flexion and duration of analgesia were the secondary variables measured, and the side effects were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in incidence of pain and pain scores during sac traction with lower incidence and scores in the fentanyl group (P = 0.009). Two groups were similar regarding the level of sensory block during sac traction and duration of spinal anesthesia. Duration of spinal analgesia was prolonged significantly in the fentanyl group (P = 0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrathecal fentanyl at a dose of 0.2 microg.kg(-1) added to bupivacaine significantly improves the quality of intraoperative analgesia and prolongs postoperative analgesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair with spinal anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ates
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duman
authors.forename: Seza
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Apiliogullari
authors.forename: Ipek
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Duman
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000293:Adolescent; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine