title: Immunologic and microbiologic profiles of chronic and aggressive periodontitis subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study determines the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-gamma and elastase activity in inflamed shallow and deep periodontal sites from patients with generalized chronic (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), and to compare them to shallow sites from subjects with gingivitis. A secondary aim analyzes the microbiologic profile of these subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional clinical data were obtained from 20 GCP, 17 GAgP, and 10 gingivitis subjects. GCF samples were collected with paper strips and the levels of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, and IFN-gamma were measured using a multiplexed bead immunoassay. Elastase activity was assessed by an enzymatic assay. Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Significance of differences among groups for immunologic and microbiologic data was examined using Kruskal-Wallis adjusting for multiple comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean clinical parameters and GCF volumes were higher in patients with GCP and GAgP compared to the gingivitis group. Higher levels of IL-1 beta and higher elastase activity were found in deep sites compared to shallow sites in both periodontitis groups (P <0.05). The microbiologic data showed significantly higher levels of the red complex species in patients with GCP and GAgP compared to gingivitis (P <0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in levels of GCF biomarkers and in levels of subgingival bacterial species between subjects with GCP and GAgP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no statistically significant differences in the measured immunologic and microbiologic parameters between subjects with GCP and GAgP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rescala
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rosalem
authors.forename: Ricardo P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Teles
authors.forename: Ricardo G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Anne D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Haffajee
authors.forename: Sigmund S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Socransky
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Carlos Marcelo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Figueredo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D012907:Smoking; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007378:Interleukins; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase