title: Exit from the Golgi is required for the expansion of the autophagosomal phagophore in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: The delivery of proteins and organelles to the vacuole by autophagy involves membrane rearrangements that result in the formation of large vesicles called autophagosomes. The mechanism underlying autophagosome biogenesis and the origin of the membranes composing these vesicles remains largely unclear. We have investigated the role of the Golgi complex in autophagy and have determined that in yeast, activation of ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf)1 and Arf2 GTPases by Sec7, Gea1, and Gea2 is essential for this catabolic process. The two main events catalyzed by these components, the biogenesis of COPI- and clathrin-coated vesicles, do not play a critical role in autophagy. Analysis of the sec7 strain under starvation conditions revealed that the autophagy machinery is correctly assembled and the precursor membrane cisterna of autophagosomes, the phagophore, is normally formed. However, the expansion of the phagophore into an autophagosome is severely impaired. Our data show that the Golgi complex plays a crucial role in supplying the lipid bilayers necessary for the biogenesis of double-membrane vesicles possibly through a new class of transport carriers or a new mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomembranes, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aniek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Vaart
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reggiori
mesh_terms: D020823:ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D000071190:Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C113757:ATG8 protein, S cerevisiae; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000071190:Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family; C102475:GEA1 protein, S cerevisiae; C121632:GEA2 protein, S cerevisiae; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C066755:Sec7 guanine nucleotide exchange factors; C116686:ARF2 protein, S cerevisiae; D020823:ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1; D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors; D020123:Sirolimus
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