title: Three-dimensional imaging of the macular retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the three-dimensional (3D), spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (3D,SD-OCT) imaging of the macular retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in eyes with glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 38 eyes of 38 patients with glaucoma and 38 normal eyes of 38 volunteers. With a 3D raster scan SD-OCT protocol, 512 × 128 axial scans were acquired over a 6-mm(2) area of the macula. Findings on 3D,SD-OCT images were compared with those on color and red-free fundus photographs and time-domain (TD) OCT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen (30.4%) more RNFL defects were detected on 3D,SD-OCT images than on color fundus photographs. Of these 14, 12 were detected in 10 (90.9%) of 11 eyes with tessellated fundi (P < 0.0001). On 3D,SD-OCT images, complete loss of the RNFL reflectivity was seen in 63.0% of the RNFL defects and thinning of the RNFL in the rest. On TD-OCT cpRNFL analysis, RNFL defects that appeared on 3D,SD-OCT as a complete loss of RNFL reflectivity were detected more often (P = 0.012) than those that appeared as thinning of the RNFL. Inter-rater agreement was better for RNFL defects on 3D,SD-OCT (0.85) than for those on color (0.62-0.64) or red-free (0.68-0.70) fundus photographs. However, 3D,SD-OCT macular RNFL thickness measurements were substantially reproducible but not as reproducible as macular retinal thickness measurements, and neither was as sensitive as TD-OCT cpRNFL thickness measurements for detecting glaucoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D,SD-OCT imaging of the macular RNFL is an effective means of detecting macular RNFL defects and their severity in eyes with glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hangai
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nukada
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kotera
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Nagahisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D057066:Low Tension Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010781:Photography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields