title: Combined assessment of chronic kidney disease and subclinical peripheral artery disease used to predict future cardiac events.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both the presence of peripheral arterial disease and chronic kidney disease has been reported to be independent risk factors associating with poor prognosis. However, the impact of combination of peripheral arterial disease and chronic kidney disease remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The long-term outcome in 715 consecutive patients who had undergone coronary angiogram for the evaluation of chest pain was analyzed. Patients on haemodialysis were excluded from this analysis. Cohort patients were divided into four groups according to the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI <0.9) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR <60 mL/min per m(2)): group A (n= 498; ABI >0.9, GFR >60); B (n = 65, ABI <0.9, GFR >60); C (n = 99; ABI >0.9, GFR <60); and D (n = 53; ABI <0.9, GFR <60). The mean follow-up period was 620 +/- 270 days and evaluated the major cardiac adverse events included survival, stroke, acute coronary syndrome and heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up period was 620 +/- 270 days. Total long-term event was present in 89 patients (groups A-D were 9.4%, 18.5%, 15.2% and 28.3%, respectively). Long-term event rate was 28.3% for patients with the presence of peripheral arterial disease and chronic kidney disease, compared to 9.4% for those without peripheral arterial disease and chronic kidney disease (P < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier event-free survival curves also showed that the combination of peripheral arterial disease and chronic kidney disease predicted long-term event rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of chronic kidney disease and ABI of less than 0.9 undergoing coronary angiogram is strongly associated with long-term event rate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. qqs86gt9@athena.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itaya
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joki
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors