title: Texture analysis of MR images of patients with mild traumatic brain injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our objective was to study the effect of trauma on texture features in cerebral tissue in mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Our hypothesis was that a mild trauma may cause microstructural changes, which are not necessarily perceptible by visual inspection but could be detected with texture analysis (TA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We imaged 42 MTBI patients by using 1.5 T MRI within three weeks of onset of trauma. TA was performed on the area of mesencephalon, cerebral white matter at the levels of mesencephalon, corona radiata and centrum semiovale and in different segments of corpus callosum (CC) which have been found to be sensitive to damage. The same procedure was carried out on a control group of ten healthy volunteers. Patients' TA data was compared with the TA results of the control group comparing the amount of statistically significantly differing TA parameters between the left and right sides of the cerebral tissue and comparing the most discriminative parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were statistically significant differences especially in several co-occurrence and run-length matrix based parameters between left and right side in the area of mesencephalon, in cerebral white matter at the level of corona radiata and in the segments of CC in patients. Considerably less difference was observed in the healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TA revealed significant changes in texture parameters of cerebral tissue between hemispheres and CC segments in TBI patients. TA may serve as a novel additional tool for detecting the conventionally invisible changes in cerebral tissue in MTBI and help the clinicians to make an early diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. kirsi.holli@tut.fi
authors.forename: Kirsi K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Holli
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Prasun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dastidar
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wäljas
authors.forename: Suvi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liimatainen
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luukkaala
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ohman
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soimakallio
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eskola
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
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