title: Laparoscopic cystotomy for removal of a large bladder polyp in a juvenile alpaca with polypoid cystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a method for laparoscopic cystotomy in an alpaca.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female alpaca.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 8-month-old female alpaca was admitted with a 6-week history of straining to urinate and vulvar swelling. Transrectal ultrasound examination revealed a 1.5 x 1.5 x 2 cm polyp within the bladder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mass was excised using laparoscopic cystotomy. Leakage from the cystotomy site resolved over 12 days using a Foley catheter. The alpaca was healthy and urinating normally at 9 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimally invasive surgery by laparoscopic cystotomy can be used to remove large urinary polyps in alpacas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary bladder polyps should be considered as differential diagnosis in alpacas with stranguria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA. danderso@vet.ksu.edu
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Kara M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Marjolaine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rousseau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002161:Camelids, New World; D003556:Cystitis / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D053715:Cystotomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000662:veterinary; D011127:Polyps / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome