title: Ring1B compacts chromatin structure and represses gene expression independent of histone ubiquitination.
abstract: How polycomb group proteins repress gene expression in vivo is not known. While histone-modifying activities of the polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) have been studied extensively, in vitro data have suggested a direct activity of the PRC1 complex in compacting chromatin. Here, we investigate higher-order chromatin compaction of polycomb targets in vivo. We show that PRCs are required to maintain a compact chromatin state at Hox loci in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). There is specific decompaction in the absence of PRC2 or PRC1. This is due to a PRC1-like complex, since decompaction occurs in Ring1B null cells that still have PRC2-mediated H3K27 methylation. Moreover, we show that the ability of Ring1B to restore a compact chromatin state and to repress Hox gene expression is not dependent on its histone ubiquitination activity. We suggest that Ring1B-mediated chromatin compaction acts to directly limit transcription in vivo.
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
authors.forename: Ragnhild
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eskeland
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leeb
authors.forename: Graeme R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.forename: Clémence
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kress
authors.forename: Shelagh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Duncan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sproul
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Arthur I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Skoultchi
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wutz
authors.forename: Wendy A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Bickmore
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D015536:Down-Regulation; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008745:Methylation; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D054875:Ubiquitination
chemical_list: C107275:Eed protein, mouse; D006657:Histones; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; C489842:Rnf2 protein, mouse; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
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