title: Transgenic overexpression of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A in murine arterial smooth muscle accelerates atherosclerotic lesion development.
abstract: Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) increases local IGF-I bioavailability through cleavage of inhibitory IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-4 in a variety of systems, including the cardiovascular system. To test the hypothesis that expression of PAPP-A promotes the development of atherosclerotic lesions, we generated transgenic mice that express human PAPP-A in arterial smooth muscle. Four founder lines were characterized for transgenic human PAPP-A mRNA and protein expression, IGFBP-4 protease activity, and tissue specificity. In study I, apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice, a well-characterized mouse model of atherosclerosis, and ApoE KO mice expressing the human PAPP-A transgene at relatively high levels (ApoE KO/Tg) were fed a high-fat diet. At harvest, aortas were dissected and opened longitudinally for en face staining of lipid-rich lesions. Lesion area was increased 3.5-fold in aortas from ApoE KO/Tg compared with ApoE KO mice (P < 0.001), but no significant difference was seen in lesion number. In study II, replacement of PAPP-A expression in arterial smooth muscle of double ApoE KO/PAPP-A KO mice resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in lesion area (P = 0.002), without an effect on lesion number. PAPP-A transgene expression was associated with a significant increase in an IGF-responsive gene (P < 0.001), suggesting increased local IGF-I action. We therefore conclude that expression of human PAPP-A localized to arterial smooth muscle accelerates lesion progression in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. These data provide further evidence for the importance of PAPP-A in the cardiovascular system and suggest PAPP-A as a potential therapeutic target in the control of atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Conover.Cheryl@Mayo.edu
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Conover
authors.forename: Megan A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Laurie K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Bale
authors.forename: Sean C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nyegaard
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oxvig
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Overgaard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D018975:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4; D018975:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C051615:transgelin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A
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