title: An update on Tourette syndrome.
abstract: Recent advances in our understanding of the phenomenology, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of Tourette syndrome are discussed. Tourette syndrome appears to involve dysfunction of limbic and somatosensory "traffic" through the basal ganglia, within corticostriatal-thalamocortical circuits. Dynamic alterations in the balance of these inputs may dictate the manifestations (sensory, motor, affective, and behavioral) of the disorder at any given time. Individualized assessment and treatment are the keys to optimal treatment of this condition.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia. thomas.kimber@health.sa.gov.au
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Kimber
mesh_terms: D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
references.citation: Adv Neurol. 1982;35:377-82
references.pmid: 6756088
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Jun;164(6):955-66
references.pmid: 17541057
references.citation: Neurologist. 2004 Sep;10(5):235-49
references.pmid: 15335441
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;46(1):3-4
references.pmid: 17195723
references.citation: Arch Neurol. 2008 Jul;65(7):952-7
references.pmid: 18625864
references.citation: Pain. 2003 Sep;105(1-2):339-46
references.pmid: 14499452
references.citation: Cortex. 2010 Jun;46(6):750-60
references.pmid: 19733347
references.citation: Am J Hum Genet. 2000 Oct;67(4):1008-13
references.pmid: 10986045
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 2003 Dec;99(6):1094-100
references.pmid: 14705742
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Nov;161(11):2028-37
references.pmid: 15514403
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989 Aug;46(8):722-30
references.pmid: 2665687
references.citation: Neurology. 1997 Feb;48(2):358-62
references.pmid: 9040721
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Apr;60(4):415-24
references.pmid: 12695320
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1998;(35):26-37
references.pmid: 9829024
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2005 Jul;116(1):56-60
references.pmid: 15995031
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985 Aug;42(8):815-20
references.pmid: 3860194
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1984 Mar;23(2):161-73
references.pmid: 6371107
references.citation: Neurology. 2003 Apr 8;60(7):1130-5
references.pmid: 12682319
references.citation: Adv Neurol. 2006;99:89-98
references.pmid: 16536354
references.citation: Mov Disord. 2006 Nov;21(11):1831-8
references.pmid: 16991144
references.citation: Am J Med Genet. 2001 Mar 8;105(2):163-7
references.pmid: 11304830
references.citation: Mov Disord. 2007 Sep 15;22(12):1764-70
references.pmid: 17566124
references.citation: Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci. 1988;237(4):223-9
references.pmid: 2974416
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2008 Jun;11(6):637-9
references.pmid: 18488025
references.citation: J Psychosom Res. 2009 Dec;67(6):575-84
references.pmid: 19913661
references.citation: Mov Disord. 2005 Nov;20(11):1496-9
references.pmid: 16037913
references.citation: Neurology. 2001 Mar 13;56(5):605-10
references.pmid: 11245710
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 May;58(5):427-40
references.pmid: 11343521
references.citation: Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Feb;80(2):265-72
references.pmid: 17304708
references.citation: Brain. 2006 Aug;129(Pt 8):2029-37
references.pmid: 16520330
references.citation: Neurosurgery. 2005 Oct;57(4 Suppl):E403; discussion E403
references.pmid: 16234657
references.citation: Neurology. 1988 Mar;38(3):391-4
references.pmid: 3279337
references.citation: Am J Med Genet A. 2005 Oct 15;138A(3):225-8
references.pmid: 16158425
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;64(11):1281-91
references.pmid: 17984397
references.citation: Neurology. 2005 Oct 25;65(8):1253-8
references.pmid: 16247053
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008 Feb;79(2):136-42
references.pmid: 17846115
references.citation: J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002 Feb;22(1):31-9
references.pmid: 11799340
references.citation: Pediatr Neurol. 2009 Jun;40(6):420-5
references.pmid: 19433274
references.citation: Mov Disord. 2009 Jul 15;24(9):1267-79
references.pmid: 19353683
references.citation: Psychiatr Genet. 2004 Jun;14(2):83-7
references.pmid: 15167693
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1981 Oct;38(10):1091-3
references.pmid: 6945827
references.citation: Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):317-20
references.pmid: 16224024
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Aug;154(8):1057-62
references.pmid: 9247389
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2010 Jul 1;51(3):1184-93
references.pmid: 20188196
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000 Mar;39(3):292-9
references.pmid: 10714048
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 1997 Sep-Oct;31(5):519-30
references.pmid: 9368194
references.citation: Brain. 2009 Jan;132(Pt 1):225-38
references.pmid: 18952678
references.citation: Brain. 2009 Mar;132(Pt 3):765-77
references.pmid: 19136548
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Sep 13;102(37):13307-12
references.pmid: 16131542