title: Comparisons of trabecular and cortical bone in late adolescent black and white females.
abstract: Few childhood studies have investigated racial differences in volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone geometry, and bone strength indices measured by three-dimensional bone imaging. The purpose of this study was to compare trabecular and cortical bone parameters at the radius and tibia between late adolescent white and black females using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (QCT). White (n = 25) and black females (n = 25), 18-19 years of age, were pair-matched for age, height, and fat-free soft tissue mass. Peripheral QCT scans were obtained at the 4% (trabecular bone), 20% (cortical bone), and 66% [muscle cross-sectional area (CSA)] sites from the distal metaphyses. Bone strength was determined from vBMD and bone geometry to calculate bone strength index (BSI; trabecular site) and polar strength-strain index (SSI; cortical site). Radial SSI was not different between groups; however, blacks had greater radial BSI (P = 0.02) than whites. After adjustment for the longer forearm in blacks, the greater radial BSI in blacks no longer remained. At the tibia, blacks versus whites had greater bone strength at the trabecular and cortical bone sites (BSI, P = 0.03; SSI, P = 0.04, respectively). When controlling for differences in tibial length and muscle CSA, the higher estimates of bone strength persisted in blacks versus whites (BSI, P = 0.01; SSI, P = 0.02). Our data suggest that when differences in body size are considered, late adolescent black versus white females have a stronger bone profile, due to greater bone geometry and vBMD, at the trabecular and cortical regions of the tibia but not at the radius.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. NPOLLOCK@mail.mcg.edu
authors.forename: Norman K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: Emma M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Laing
authors.forename: Ruth G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Clifton A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Baile
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hamrick
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D044383:Black People; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Bone. 1993 Jul-Aug;14(4):595-608
references.pmid: 8274302
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Jan;86(1):97-103
references.pmid: 11231984
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 2003 Jun;14(4):345-52
references.pmid: 12730737
references.citation: Epidemiology. 1994 Jan;5(1):42-7
references.pmid: 8117781
references.citation: J Clin Densitom. 2009 Jul-Sep;12(3):330-6
references.pmid: 19577939
references.citation: Pediatr Nephrol. 1998 Jun;12(5):420-9
references.pmid: 9686965
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 Aug;75(2):624-31
references.pmid: 1639961
references.citation: J Biomech. 1991;24 Suppl 1:79-88
references.pmid: 1842337
references.citation: Calcif Tissue Int. 1996 Jun;58(6):395-7
references.pmid: 8661478
references.citation: Bone. 1998 Jan;22(1):1-6
references.pmid: 9437507
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Dec;20(12):2075-81
references.pmid: 16294260
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jun;92(6):2087-99
references.pmid: 17311856
references.citation: J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2005 Jul-Sep;5(3):213-24
references.pmid: 16172512
references.citation: J Exp Biol. 1999 Dec;202(Pt 23):3285-94
references.pmid: 10562511
references.citation: J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2002 Dec;2(6):527-8
references.pmid: 15758384
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Apr;95(4):1681-9
references.pmid: 20157194
references.citation: Pediatr Res. 2001 Sep;50(3):309-14
references.pmid: 11518815
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Feb;20(2):185-94
references.pmid: 15647811
references.citation: Bone. 2000 Aug;27(2):319-26
references.pmid: 10913929
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Feb;88(2):642-9
references.pmid: 12574194
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1991 Dec 5;325(23):1597-600
references.pmid: 1944449
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 May;83(5):1420-7
references.pmid: 9589632
references.citation: Am J Dis Child. 1989 Nov;143(11):1346-9
references.pmid: 2816864
references.citation: J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2005 Jul-Sep;5(3):232-8
references.pmid: 16172514
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Feb;82(2):429-34
references.pmid: 9024231
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Mar;85(3):1095-8
references.pmid: 10720045
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 2003 Oct;18(10):1766-74
references.pmid: 14584886
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Dec;84(12):4702-12
references.pmid: 10599739
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1997 Nov;12(11):1922-35
references.pmid: 9383697
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Dec;16(12):2291-7
references.pmid: 11760844
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 1994 Feb;48 Suppl 1:S150-8; discussion S158-60
references.pmid: 8005082
references.citation: Bone. 2009 May;44(5):970-5
references.pmid: 19442622
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jul;87(7):3047-50
references.pmid: 12107199
references.citation: Anat Rec. 1987 Sep;219(1):1-9
references.pmid: 3688455
references.citation: JAMA. 1992 Nov 4;268(17):2403-8
references.pmid: 1404797
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 May;83(5):1414-9
references.pmid: 9589631
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Nov;86(5):1530-8
references.pmid: 17991669
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1991 Jul;6(7):719-23
references.pmid: 1950675
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Aug;35(8):1374-80
references.pmid: 12900693
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Nov;122(5):794-804
references.pmid: 3876763
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1998 May;13(5):871-82
references.pmid: 9610752
references.citation: Bone. 1999 Mar;24(3):163-9
references.pmid: 10071907
references.citation: J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2005 Jul-Sep;5(3):225-31
references.pmid: 16172513
references.citation: J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2008 Oct-Dec;8(4):401-9
references.pmid: 19147978
references.citation: Epidemiology. 1996 Nov;7(6):612-8
references.pmid: 8899387
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2006 May 25;354(21):2250-61
references.pmid: 16723616
references.citation: J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2008 Jul-Sep;8(3):217-26
references.pmid: 18799854
references.citation: J Clin Densitom. 2008 Jan-Mar;11(1):59-74
references.pmid: 18442753
references.citation: Bone. 1995 Apr;16(4 Suppl):311S-315S
references.pmid: 7626320
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2002 Nov;110(5):911-9
references.pmid: 12415029