title: Small bowel adenocarcinoma: understaged and undertreated?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare, chemoresistant tumor with an aggressive clinical nature. Surgery is the mainstay of therapy, but the extent of lymph node (LN) recovery necessary for optimal care of jejunoileal SBA is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SEER database was queried to identify patients whose primary jejunoileal SBA was diagnosed between 1995 and 2005. Patients were grouped by AJCC stage and number of LNs recovered from the surgical specimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1444 patients with primary SBA, 93 (6.4%), 529 (36.6%), 356 (24.7%), and 466 (32.3%) were initially diagnosed with stage I, II, III, and IV disease, respectively. Five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 59.8%, 39.5%, 27.0%, and 3.2% for patients with stage I, II, III, and IV SBA, respectively. When ≥10 nodes were recovered, OS rate increased nonsignificantly in stage I (73.2% vs. 55.6%) and significantly in stage II (61.8% vs. 32.9%, P < .001) but was unchanged in stage III (27.4% vs. 27.3%, P = .13). Recovery of ≥10 nodes occurred in 26.9%, 23.6%, and 42.1% of patients with stage I, II, and III SBA, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified age, AJCC stage, site of primary tumor, recovery of ≥10 LNs, and number of positive nodes as significant for OS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have found SBA staging is largely inadequate. Our results suggest recovery of ≥10 LNs ensures accurate staging. Improvement in stage II SBA OS after adequate LN may reflect a high degree of understaging in this dataset rather than a therapeutic effect of LAD.
authors.affiliation: John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Nicholl
authors.forename: Vanita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.forename: W Charles
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: Vu D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.forename: Myung-Shin
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Gagandeep
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018426:SEER Program; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome