Acute changes in systemic hemodynamics and serum vasopressin after complete cervical spinal cord injury in piglets.
BACKGROUND
Spinal cord injury (SCI) produces acute hemodynamic alterations through disruption of sympathetic output of the autonomic nervous system and places individuals with SCI at high risk of secondary ischemic insult to the spinal cord as well as to other organs. The purpose of this study was to examine hemodynamics and serum vasopressin concentration in the acute period following complete cervical SCI in piglets.


METHODS
We developed a new model of traumatic complete cervical SCI in piglets and measured acute hemodynamic variables and serum arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations at baseline and for 4 h after SCI under fentanyl anesthesia.


RESULTS
Complete cervical SCI caused an immediate tachycardia which lasted for approximately 1 h, immediate hypotension which was sustained for the 4-h duration of the study, decreases in both systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, and a compensatory increase in cardiac output, which resulted initially from an increase in heart rate (HR) but was later sustained after resolution of tachycardia by an increase in cardiac stroke volume. Serum AVP concentration increased significantly after SCI and did not change in the control group. Neurogenic shock did not occur due to the robust increase in cardiac output and cardiac stroke volume.


CONCLUSIONS
Complete cervical SCI produces hemodynamic alterations consistent with the withdrawal of sympathetic tone. Although mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased significantly after SCI, the increase in serum vasopressin may have played a role in maintaining blood pressure and preventing circulatory collapse, a complication which is encountered frequently in patients with cervical and upper thoracic SCI.
Zahra
Michael
M
Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Samdani
Amer
A
Piggott
Kurt
K
Gonzalez-Brito
Manuel
M
Solano
Juan
J
De Los Santo
Roosevelt
R
Buitrago
Juan C
JC
Alam
Farid
F
He
Dansha
D
Gaughan
John P
JP
Betz
Randal
R
Dietrich
Dalton
D
Kuluz
John
J
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance
D001127:Arginine Vasopressin
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