title: The NO cascade, eNOS location, and microvascular permeability.
abstract: The nitric oxide (NO) cascade and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) are best known for their role in endothelium-mediated relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Activation of eNOS by certain inflammatory stimuli and enhanced NO release have also been shown to promote increased microvascular permeability. However, it is not entirely clear why activation of eNOS by certain vasodilatory agents, like acetylcholine, does not affect microvascular permeability, whereas activation of eNOS by other inflammatory agents that increase permeability, like platelet-activating factor, does not cause vasodilation. In this review, we discuss the evidence demonstrating the role of eNOS in the elevation of microvascular permeability. We also examine the relative importance of eNOS phosphorylation and localization in its function to promote elevated microvascular permeability as well as emerging topics with regard to eNOS and microvascular permeability regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101-1709, USA. duran@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Walter N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Durán
authors.forename: Jerome W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Breslin
authors.forename: Fabiola A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Sánchez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism*; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D055806:Microvessels / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D021381:Protein Transport; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
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