title: Monitoring and evaluation of refractive error and presbyopia for Vision 2020.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop output and outcome indicators for the correction of refractive error and presbyopia to a level comparable with those advocated by Vision 2020 for cataract.
  
  
  METHODS
  World Health Organization, Vision 2020 and published eye care intervention literature were searched to find evidence of best practice. This information was used to construct a suite of indicators for monitoring the correction of refractive error and presbyopia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indicators for the monitoring and evaluation of refractive error and presbyopia correction were proposed, addressing refraction and spectacle dispensing outputs and rates, and refractive error correction and presbyopia correction coverage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using data collection that should be occurring in everyday clinical practice, the proposed indicators would provide more comprehensive information than those currently suggested by Vision 2020. As such, they would be more useful in the monitoring and evaluation of the correction of refractive error and presbyopia in the context of Vision 2020.
authors.affiliation: The Fred Hollows Foundation New Zealand. gbrian@hollows.org.nz
authors.forename: Garry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brian
authors.forename: Rènée
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: du Toit
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramke
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palagyi
mesh_terms: D002386:Cataract / Q000503:physiopathology; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005139:Eyeglasses; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009216:Myopia / Q000601:surgery; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014944:World Health Organization