title: Seronegative HIV-1 infection: a review of the literature.
abstract: HIV-1-specific antibodies can be detected in HIV-1-positive patients within weeks of primary infection. Rare cases have been reported of patients who are persistently seronegative despite evidence of HIV-1 infection. We present a retrospective review of the clinical, virologic and immunologic characteristics of 25 persistently seronegative patients whose cases have been published to date and postulate a biologic mechanism for this phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Spivak
authors.forename: Emily R M
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Sydnor
authors.forename: Joel N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Blankson
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gallant
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D018023:HIV Seronegativity / Q000276:immunology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies