Toll-like receptor signaling pathways and the evidence linking toll-like receptor signaling to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in innate immune defenses. After activation by foreign pathogens or host-derived molecules, TLRs signal via overlapping or distinct signaling cascades and eventually induce numerous genes involved in a variety of cellular responses. A growing body of evidence suggests that TLR signaling also plays an important role in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. We review our current understanding of the TLR signaling pathways and their roles in the pathophysiology of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, as well as discuss several mechanisms for TLR activation and regulation.
Wang
Yue
Y
Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
Abarbanell
Aaron M
AM
Herrmann
Jeremy L
JL
Weil
Brent R
BR
Poynter
Jeffrey
J
Manukyan
Mariuxi C
MC
Crisostomo
Paul R
PR
Meldrum
Daniel R
DR
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D051193:Toll-Like Receptors