title: Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate: inflammation and arthritis. [corrected].
abstract: A number of factors including inflammation and oxidative stress are believed to play a role in the development of chronic joint diseases. Green tea has become a popular drink and is consumed throughout the world. Extracts of green tea and polyphenols present therein have been shown to inhibit the inflammatory responses in vitro in different cell types and the development of arthritis in animal model studies. There is considerable evidence that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the predominant green tea polyphenol which mimic its effects, inhibits enzyme activities and signal transduction pathways that play important roles in inflammation and joint destruction in arthritis. After oral consumption EGCG become bioavailable and proteomic studies suggest that EGCG may directly interact with a large set of protein targets and alter the physiological response of the cells. Taken together these and other studies identify and support the use of EGCG as a possible chemopreventive agent with a potential to inhibit the development of arthritis. Here we review the biological effects of EGCG in an attempt to understand its pivotal molecular targets that directly affect the inflammation and joint destruction process for prevention and/or for the development of new therapeutics for arthritis in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.forename: Tariq M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Haqqi
mesh_terms: D001168:Arthritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002392:Catechin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059808:Polyphenols; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D013662:Tea; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate
references.citation: Connect Tissue Res. 2002;43(2-3):520-3
references.pmid: 12489208
references.citation: Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Sep;52(3):465-72
references.pmid: 9281609
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 2001 Sep;28(9):1952-9
references.pmid: 11550959
references.citation: J Nutr Biochem. 2002 Feb;13(2):103-111
references.pmid: 11834226
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2006 Aug 15;41(4):549-56
references.pmid: 16863987
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Oct 15;33(8):1097-105
references.pmid: 12374621
references.citation: Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):579-82
references.pmid: 7725107
references.citation: J Dermatol Sci. 2005 Dec;40(3):195-204
references.pmid: 16102944
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 20;276(16):13322-30
references.pmid: 11278274
references.citation: Planta Med. 2006 Jun;72(8):697-702
references.pmid: 16739069
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Sep 23;105(38):14692-7
references.pmid: 18796608
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2002 Nov;110(10):1419-27
references.pmid: 12438440
references.citation: FEBS J. 2008 Sep;275(18):4463-70
references.pmid: 18662303
references.citation: Clin Ther. 2009 Nov;31(11):2618-27
references.pmid: 20110006
references.citation: Life Sci. 2007 May 1;80(21):1957-65
references.pmid: 17379255
references.citation: J Int Med Res. 2003 Mar-Apr;31(2):88-101
references.pmid: 12760312
references.citation: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Oct 1;216(1):11-9
references.pmid: 16797629
references.citation: J Assoc Physicians India. 1994 Oct;42(10):775-6
references.pmid: 7876045
references.citation: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2005 Sep;2(3):301-8
references.pmid: 16136208
references.citation: Mutat Res. 2010 Aug 7;690(1-2):139-44
references.pmid: 20067801
references.citation: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000 Apr 15;376(2):338-46
references.pmid: 10775421
references.citation: J Appl Toxicol. 2007 Sep-Oct;27(5):472-81
references.pmid: 17299831
references.citation: Phytomedicine. 2010 Jan;17(1):3-13
references.pmid: 19959000
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2009 May;60(5):1282-93
references.pmid: 19404960
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 Mar 15;44(6):1032-41
references.pmid: 18206666
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Dec;158(7):1705-12
references.pmid: 19912233
references.citation: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2000 Oct;64(10):2218-20
references.pmid: 11129598
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Aug;54(8):2393-401
references.pmid: 16869002
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Oct;58(10):3145-56
references.pmid: 18821707
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996 Jan;50(1):28-32
references.pmid: 8617188
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Jun;113(6):1211-7
references.pmid: 15208607
references.citation: Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(3):R71
references.pmid: 19445683
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 5;268(4):2513-24
references.pmid: 8428929
references.citation: Matrix Biol. 2004 Jun;23(3):163-9
references.pmid: 15296944
references.citation: Rheumatol Int. 2010 Jul;30(9):1197-203
references.pmid: 19777241
references.citation: Br J Rheumatol. 1993 Jul;32(7):562-7
references.pmid: 8393361
references.citation: Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(19):2395-415
references.pmid: 19601788
references.citation: Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Jan;77(1):17-25
references.pmid: 19828731
references.citation: Front Biosci. 2006 Sep 01;11:3081-95
references.pmid: 16720377
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Sep 1;47(5):636-43
references.pmid: 19501156
references.citation: Gut. 2003 Jan;52(1):144-51
references.pmid: 12477778
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 1996 Apr;39(4):648-56
references.pmid: 8630116
references.citation: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 Jan 15;397(2):424-9
references.pmid: 11795903
references.citation: Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2007;142(4):335-44
references.pmid: 17135765
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2000 Nov;43(11):2501-12
references.pmid: 11083274
references.citation: Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Mar;49(3):467-79
references.pmid: 20032224
references.citation: Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2008 Nov;33(22):2678-82
references.pmid: 19216171
references.citation: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Dec;315(3):1172-80
references.pmid: 16123309
references.citation: Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2004 Apr;11(4):380-1
references.pmid: 15024383
references.citation: Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1911-2
references.pmid: 12471242
references.citation: Fen Zi Xi Bao Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 2009 Jun;42(3-4):179-85
references.pmid: 19697699
references.citation: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2001 Oct 15;176(2):110-7
references.pmid: 11601887
references.citation: J Am Coll Nutr. 2006 Apr;25(2):79-99
references.pmid: 16582024
references.citation: Lancet. 2001 Sep 15;358(9285):903-11
references.pmid: 11567728
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Aug;46(8):2079-86
references.pmid: 12209512
references.citation: Phytomedicine. 2010 Jan;17(1):14-8
references.pmid: 19819682
references.citation: Eur J Biochem. 2003 Jun;270(11):2394-403
references.pmid: 12755694
references.citation: J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1997 Dec;43(6):679-84
references.pmid: 9530620
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Jul 16;51(15):4427-35
references.pmid: 12848521
references.citation: J Nutr. 2004 May;134(5):1039-44
references.pmid: 15113942
references.citation: J Nutr. 2003 Oct;133(10):3275S-84S
references.pmid: 14519826
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 1988 Apr;15(4):670-7
references.pmid: 3397978
references.citation: Chem Biol Interact. 2007 Apr 25;167(2):85-98
references.pmid: 17368440
references.citation: Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Dec 15;54(12):1281-6
references.pmid: 9393670
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1996 Jun 28;271(26):15703-7
references.pmid: 8663189
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Aug 15;43(4):546-56
references.pmid: 17640565
references.citation: Am J Manag Care. 2009 Sep;15(8 Suppl):S236-43
references.pmid: 19817510
references.citation: Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2004 Aug;4(4):423-8
references.pmid: 15251139
references.citation: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009 Jun;53(6):716-25
references.pmid: 19437482
references.citation: Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1999 Apr;220(4):203-9
references.pmid: 10202389
references.citation: J Immunol. 2004 Nov 1;173(9):5794-800
references.pmid: 15494532
references.citation: Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2006 Feb;20(1):3-25
references.pmid: 16483904
references.citation: Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2008 Nov 1;4(4):246
references.pmid: 20165551
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Apr 13;96(8):4524-9
references.pmid: 10200295
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Dec;46(12):3143-50
references.pmid: 12483717
references.citation: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004 Apr;3(4):330-9
references.pmid: 15060528
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Apr;46(4):1298-307
references.pmid: 18226437
references.citation: Inflamm Res. 2008 Jul;57(7):306-13
references.pmid: 18545934
references.citation: Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2006 Jul;18(4):419-26
references.pmid: 16763464
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Dec;46(12):3151-8
references.pmid: 12483718
references.citation: J Invest Dermatol. 2008 Oct;128(10):2429-41
references.pmid: 18463684
references.citation: Nat Rev Genet. 2003 Aug;4(8):638-49
references.pmid: 12897775
references.citation: Free Radic Res. 1999 May;30(5):395-405
references.pmid: 10342332
references.citation: Clin Rheumatol. 2010 Jun;29(6):619-24
references.pmid: 20101426
references.citation: Rheumatol Int. 2008 Nov;29(1):23-9
references.pmid: 18496696
references.citation: Scand J Rheumatol. 2010 Mar;39(2):132-40
references.pmid: 20059371
references.citation: Arthritis Res Ther. 2007;9(5):220
references.pmid: 18001488
references.citation: Immunology. 2003 Jul;109(3):415-25
references.pmid: 12807488
references.citation: Mutat Res. 2003 Feb-Mar;523-524:119-25
references.pmid: 12628509
references.citation: Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1996 Feb;25(4):254-72
references.pmid: 8834014
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 2002 Dec;40(12):1745-50
references.pmid: 12419687
references.citation: Cells Tissues Organs. 2003;174(1-2):34-48
references.pmid: 12784040
references.citation: Inflamm Res. 2001 Sep;50(9):435-41
references.pmid: 11603847
references.citation: Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Sep;27(9):1353-8
references.pmid: 15340218
references.citation: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 Jan 1;397(1):84-90
references.pmid: 11747313
references.citation: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Jul 1;415(1):126-32
references.pmid: 12801521
references.citation: Talanta. 2002 May 16;57(2):307-16
references.pmid: 18968631
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Oct 1;47(7):1028-38
references.pmid: 19607912
references.citation: Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009 Apr;15(4):341-6
references.pmid: 19431221
references.citation: Brain Behav Immun. 2009 Aug;23(6):721-31
references.pmid: 19258034
references.citation: J Med Chem. 2009 Aug 13;52(15):4757-73
references.pmid: 19606871
references.citation: Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2005 Nov;1(1):31-9
references.pmid: 16932625
references.citation: Free Radic Res. 1998 Oct;29(4):351-8
references.pmid: 9860050
references.citation: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2000 May;3(3):205-11
references.pmid: 10871236
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Feb 20;379(4):1033-7
references.pmid: 19150340
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2007 Mar 23;282(12):8632-40
references.pmid: 17255106
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:163-96
references.pmid: 11244034
references.citation: Cancer Res. 1999 Sep 15;59(18):4610-7
references.pmid: 10493515
references.citation: J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Jul;21(7):659-64
references.pmid: 19616927
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Jan;58(1):26-35
references.pmid: 18163497
references.citation: Curr Drug Targets. 2007 Feb;8(2):305-13
references.pmid: 17305508
references.citation: Biorheology. 2002;39(1-2):119-24
references.pmid: 12082274
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 1996;21(6):895-902
references.pmid: 8902534
references.citation: J Am Coll Nutr. 2002 Feb;21(1):1-13
references.pmid: 11838881
references.citation: FASEB J. 2004 Oct;18(13):1621-3
references.pmid: 15319365
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Nov;973:435-7
references.pmid: 12485906
references.citation: Anal Sci. 2002 Mar;18(3):313-8
references.pmid: 11918191
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Jul;60(7):1957-65
references.pmid: 19565503
references.citation: Cancer Lett. 2008 Oct 8;269(2):269-80
references.pmid: 18501505
references.citation: Clin Chim Acta. 2003 Dec;338(1-2):123-9
references.pmid: 14637276
references.citation: Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 Jun;29(6):1120-5
references.pmid: 16755003
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2008 Jun;134(7):1972-80
references.pmid: 18549879
references.citation: Shock. 2000 May;13(5):346-60
references.pmid: 10807009
references.citation: Biosci Rep. 2008 Feb;28(1):33-48
references.pmid: 18269348
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Oct 16;388(2):350-4
references.pmid: 19665000
references.citation: Biorheology. 2000;37(1-2):109-16
references.pmid: 10912183
references.citation: Ann Rheum Dis. 1992 Nov;51(11):1219-22
references.pmid: 1466599
references.citation: J Immunol. 2003 Apr 15;170(8):4335-41
references.pmid: 12682270
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18:621-63
references.pmid: 10837071
references.citation: Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2009 Mar;5(3):128-9
references.pmid: 19252516
references.citation: Proteomics. 2006 Feb;6(4):1351-61
references.pmid: 16404724
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 2010 Jan;37(1):167-74
references.pmid: 19884267
references.citation: Cell Physiol Biochem. 2009;24(5-6):503-10
references.pmid: 19910690
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1997 Oct 20;139(2):541-52
references.pmid: 9334355
references.citation: Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Sep;60(3):528-33
references.pmid: 11502884
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Jan;58(1):15-25
references.pmid: 18163481
references.citation: Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Mar;63(3):233-9
references.pmid: 14962955
references.citation: Life Sci. 2008 May 7;82(19-20):1012-7
references.pmid: 18407296
references.citation: Ann Rheum Dis. 2003 Nov;62 Suppl 2:ii43-7
references.pmid: 14532148
references.citation: FASEB J. 2001 May;15(7):1309-11
references.pmid: 11344123
references.citation: Am Fam Physician. 2009 Apr 1;79(7):591-4
references.pmid: 19378876
references.citation: Acta Orthop Scand. 2003 Apr;74(2):190-5
references.pmid: 12807328
references.citation: Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Jan;69(1):270-5
references.pmid: 19279017
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 2005 Oct;32(10):1958-67
references.pmid: 16206353
references.citation: J Nutr. 1998 Dec;128(12):2334-40
references.pmid: 9868178
references.citation: Springer Semin Immunopathol. 2006 Jun;27(4):391-408
references.pmid: 16738952
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Jul;58(7):2012-8
references.pmid: 18576345
references.citation: Phytochemistry. 2000 Feb;53(3):391-4
references.pmid: 10703063
references.citation: Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1999 Sep;7(5):439-40
references.pmid: 10489315
references.citation: Horm Metab Res. 2008 Oct;40(10):674-8
references.pmid: 18500674
references.citation: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Feb;308(2):767-73
references.pmid: 14600251
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2006 May;54(5):1662-72
references.pmid: 16646038
references.citation: Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1998 Mar;6(2):146-9
references.pmid: 9692069
references.citation: J Cell Biochem. 2007 Apr 1;100(5):1146-53
references.pmid: 17031857
references.citation: Prev Med. 1994 May;23(3):377-84
references.pmid: 8078860
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Jun;50(6):2014-23
references.pmid: 15188379
references.citation: J Orthop Res. 2003 Jan;21(1):102-9
references.pmid: 12507586
references.citation: Int J Pharm. 2010 Apr 15;389(1-2):207-12
references.pmid: 20083179