title: Quantitative mapping of aqueous microfluidic temperature with sub-degree resolution using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.
abstract: The use of a water-soluble, thermo-responsive polymer as a highly sensitive fluorescence-lifetime probe of microfluidic temperature is demonstrated. The fluorescence lifetime of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) labelled with a benzofurazan fluorophore is shown to have a steep dependence on temperature around the polymer phase transition and the photophysical origin of this response is established. The use of this unusual fluorescent probe in conjunction with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) enables the spatial variation of temperature in a microfluidic device to be mapped, on the micron scale, with a resolution of less than 0.1 degrees C. This represents an increase in temperature resolution of an order of magnitude over that achieved previously by FLIM of temperature-sensitive dyes.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, UK.
authors.forename: Emmelyn M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: A Prasanna
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Silva
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Magennis
authors.forename: Anita C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000178:Acrylamides / Q000737:chemistry; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000737:chemistry; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D048588:Benzoxazines; D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; C067295:N-isopropylacrylamide