title: Dietary quercetin combining intratumoral doxorubicin injection synergistically induces rejection of established breast cancer in mice.
abstract: Dietary ingredients can decrease the risk of a variety of human cancers. Quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) has a long history of consumption as part of the normal human diet and is able to induce growth inhibition in multiple cancer cells. In an attempt to generate more potent therapeutic effect for breast cancer, we have designed a combinative regimen of dietary quercetin with intratumoral doxorubicin injection and evaluated their anti-tumor activity in established breast cancer mouse model. Interestingly, dietary quercetin combining intratumoral doxorubicin injection synergistically induced potent rejection of 4T1 breast cancer and led to long-term, tumor-free survival in mice bearing established breast tumor, whereas quercetin or doxorubicin alone failed to cure tumor-bearing mice. Treatment with quercetin promoted lymphocyte proliferation and regulated Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance. Combination of quercetin and intratumoral doxorubicin injection further induced a persistent T-cell tumor-specific responses. Based on these results, the combination of quercetin as a food supplement adjunctive with intratumoral doxorubicin chemotherapy may represent a novel and highly effective strategy for inducing immune responses against tumors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, 475001, Kaifeng, Henan, China; Kaifeng Institute of Oncology, 475001 Kaifeng, Henan, China. dugangjun@henu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Gangjun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Haihong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xianchuang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011794:Quercetin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004317:Doxorubicin; D011794:Quercetin