title: [Diabetes in pregnancy: cord blond insulin level and neonatal outcome in relation to maternal glycated haemoglobin A1c in last trimester of pregnancy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pattern of the complications observed in the foetus and newborn of diabetic mothers has been changed owing to improvement of care and treatment. Due to the introduction of the Saint Vincent Declaration goals, the improvement in prognosis of diabetic mothers has been noted. The goals are being pursued in our country. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether there is an association between maternal glycated haemoglobin, cord blood insulin level and general condition in infants of diabetic mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the study 158 newborns of diabetic mothers (86 G1, 56 G2, 16 P) and 171 newborns of the healthy mothers were evaluated. In the newborns of diabetic mothers venous cord blood samples were collected at delivery and analyzed for insulin and fructosamine level in relation to the maternal glycated haemoglobin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean birth weight was significantly different between the control group 2885 +/- 905 g and the diabetic group 3199 +/- 617 g. The positive correlation between cord blood insulin level and birth weight in the diabetic group was observed; that indicates the higher fetal insulinemia influence on increased birth weight. Neither the correlation between birth weight and fructosamine nor birth weight and glycated haemoglobin were found. The mean glycated hemoglobin level was 5.17% (G1 5.15%, G2 5.18%, P 5.30%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an association between cord blood insulin level in infants of diabetic mothers and birth weight. Increased insulin level is correlated with hypoglycemia. The incidence of cesarean section, macrosomia, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia in the study group was not different in comparison to control subject.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Pediatrii, Endokrynologii, Diabetologii, Chorób Metabolicznych i Kardiologii Wieku Rozwojowego Pomorskiej AM w Szczecinie. grazynad61@gmail.com
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dawid
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horodnicka-Józwa
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petriczko
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biczysko-Mokosa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin