title: Kiwifruit EIL and ERF genes involved in regulating fruit ripening.
abstract: Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is a climacteric fruit sensitive to low concentrations of ethylene. To investigate the transcriptional mechanisms underlying kiwifruit ethylene response, transcription factors encoding four EIN3-Like (EILs) and 14 Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs) were cloned from kiwifruit. Expression of these transcription factors was examined during fruit development. The expression of transcripts of most AdERFs was higher during early fruit development, with the exception of AdERF3, which increased with maturity. Several AdERFs were apparently down-regulated by ethylene, as they were affected by the ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene and by antisense suppression of ACO (for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase) in the fruit. In contrast, AdEILs were constitutively expressed during fruit development and ripening. The transcription factors AdEIL2 and AdEIL3 activated transcription of the ripening-related genes AdACO1 and AdXET5 (xyloglucan endotransglycosylase gene) and, when overexpressed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), stimulated ethylene production. The potential repressor AdERF9 suppressed this promoter activity. These results support a role for kiwifruit EILs and ERFs in transcriptional regulation of ripening-related genes and in the regulation of kiwifruit fruit-ripening processes.
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Xue-Ren
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: Kun-song
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ian B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D029042:Actinidia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005638:Fruit / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D010940:Plant Proteins; C036216:ethylene
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