title: Hypoparathyroidism in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus coexisted with ankylosing spondylitis: a case report and review of literature.
abstract: Hypoparathyroidism is rare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here we describe a case of SLE coexisted with hypoparathyroidism and ankylosing spondylitis with definite diagnosis, and also give a review of past five cases of SLE with hypoparathyroidism. We find that hypoparathyroidism is easily ignored by subtle manifestations despite of its significant complications. More attention should be paid to clues to hypocalcemia, symptoms of central nervous system and prolonged QT interval on electrocardiogram. The three diseases may be coexistent of genetically determined markers. The cause of hypoparathyroidism in SLE patient is not clear. It may be independent of SLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, no. 180, Road Fenglin, Shanghai 200032, China. zsh-rheum@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Lindi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D007011:Hypoparathyroidism / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D001379:Azathioprine; D011241:Prednisone; D008775:Methylprednisolone