title: Bioinformatic prediction, deep sequencing of microRNAs and expression analysis during phenotypic plasticity in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes can be operated through microRNA (miRNAs) mediated gene silencing. MiRNAs are small (18-25 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs that play crucial role in regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. In insects, miRNAs have been shown to be involved in multiple mechanisms such as embryonic development, tissue differentiation, metamorphosis or circadian rhythm. Insect miRNAs have been identified in different species belonging to five orders: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Orthoptera.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We developed high throughput Solexa sequencing and bioinformatic analyses of the genome of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum in order to identify the first miRNAs from a hemipteran insect. By combining these methods we identified 149 miRNAs including 55 conserved and 94 new miRNAs. Moreover, we investigated the regulation of these miRNAs in different alternative morphs of the pea aphid by analysing the expression of miRNAs across the switch of reproduction mode. Pea aphid microRNA sequences have been posted to miRBase: http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk/sequences/.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study has identified candidates as putative regulators involved in reproductive polyphenism in aphids and opens new avenues for further functional analyses.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1099 BiO3P, Domaine de la Motte, F-35653 Le Rheu, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Legeai
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rizk
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Owain
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lavenier
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leterme
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Méreau
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tagu
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaubert-Possamai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
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