title: Chromium(III) and chromium(VI) surface treated galvanized steel for outdoor constructions: environmental aspects.
abstract: The long-term degradation of chromium(III) (Zn-Cr(III)) and chromium(VI)-based (Zn-Cr(VI)) surface treatments on galvanized steel and their capacities to hinder the release of zinc induced by atmospheric corrosion at nonsheltered urban and marine exposure conditions for 2 years are investigated. Compared to bare zinc sheet, both surface treatments revealed high corrosion protection abilities and capacities to hinder the release of zinc, still evident after 2 years of exposure. The zinc barrier properties of the thinner Zn-Cr(VI) (10 nm) treatment were during the first 100 days of urban exposure slightly improved compared with Zn-Cr(III) (35 nm). However, their long-term protection capacities were inverse. Released concentrations of total chromium correspond to annual release rates less than 0.000032 (Zn-Cr(III)) and 0.00014 g Cr m(-2) yr(-1) (Zn-Cr(VI)) after 1 year of urban exposure. Aging by indoor storage of the surface treatments prior to outdoor exposure reduced the released Cr concentrations from the surface treatments. No Cr(VI) was released from the aged surfaces but from the freshly exposed Zn-Cr(VI). Marine exposure conditions resulted in a faster reduction of chromate to chromium(III)oxide compared with urban conditions, and a significantly lower amount of both chromium(III) and chromium(VI) released from Zn-Cr(VI) at the marine site compared with the urban site.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Drottning Kristinas, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hedberg
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Odnevall Wallinder
mesh_terms: D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013232:Steel; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D002857:Chromium; D013232:Steel