title: Mortality from cancer among US hemodialysis patients, 1995-2005.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Concern has emerged that erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) may decrease survival for cancer patients; many patients beginning dialysis have previous cancer diagnoses. As ESA doses have more than tripled in the USA since ESAs were introduced, we aimed to compare annual trends in cancer-specific mortality rates among incident maintenance hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This national, retrospective, incident cohort study included 873,493 patients aged > or =20 years who initiated hemodialysis between 1995 and 2005. Cancer-specific mortality rates were adjusted for baseline characteristics, determined from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medical Evidence Report (form CMS-2728). Follow-up extended to December 31, 2006. Cause of death was ascertained from the Death Notification (form CMS-2746).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Crude first-year cancer-specific mortality rates, per 1,000 patient-years, 1995-2005, were as follows: 13.8, 13.7, 14.2, 14.9, 13.8, 15.4, 15.4, 16.5, 16.4, 15.8, 15.2. Mortality rates remained stable year to year within subsequent follow-up intervals; for the first and last annual cohorts, mortality rates by follow-up interval were: year 2, 9.1 and 8.7; year 3, 8.6 and 8.3; years 4-5, 7.9 and 6.8. Annual comparisons were similar after adjustment for patient characteristics at dialysis initiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cancer-specific mortality rates remained stable among US hemodialysis patients between 1995 and 2005.
authors.affiliation: Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA. RFoley@cdrg.org
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Tricia L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Jiannong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Gilbertson
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Arneson
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dunning
authors.forename: Allan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology