title: Actinic lesions in fishermen's lower lip: clinical, cytopathological and histopathologic analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Actinic cheilitis (AC) is considered to be a pre-malignant lesion or an incipient and superficial form of lip squamous cell carcinoma. It is commonly found in individuals whose occupational activities are related to chronic sun exposure and the definitive diagnosis is performed with biopsy. Although Exfoliative cytology has been used as a screening procedure to evaluate cancer of the oral cavity no studies have proposed the use of exfoliative cytologic analysis to evaluate and diagnose AC.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate lower lip lesions on fishermen related to chronic solar exposure using clinical, cytologic and histopathologic analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Smears taken from the vermilion of the lower lips of 125 fishermen and 30 control individuals were subjected to cytologic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The harvested cells were sufficient for cytologic analysis in 83.2% of the samples. Sixteen fishermen exhibited prominent lower lip lesions that justified biopsy and histological studies. In total, 4 specimens were malignant (3.2%), and 12 displayed epithelial dysplasia, demonstrating that the prevalence of epithelial dysplasia and malignant lesions was high among the fishermen population. These conditions were strongly associated with infiltration and blurring of the vermilion margin of the lower lip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cytologic analysis was not useful for detecting epithelial dysplasia or malignant alterations.
authors.affiliation: General Pathology Department, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, SC, Brazil. karine.pinera@unisul.br
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Piñera-Marques
authors.forename: Silvia Vanessa
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Lorenço
authors.forename: Luiz Fernando Ferraz da
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Mirian Nacagami
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sotto
authors.forename: Paulo Campos
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Carneiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D001938:Brazil; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D002613:Cheilitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000473:pathology*; D008048:Lip Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects
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