High complete remission rate and durable remissions achieved with rational use of autologous stem-cell transplantation, thalidomide maintenance, and non-myeloablative allogeneic transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma.
Autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) has emerged as the standard approach in patients with multiple myeloma, although it is unlikely to achieve cure. Thalidomide maintenance and non-myeloablative allogeneic transplantation (NST) may increase complete remission (CR) rate and increase overall survival. In this study, 35 ASCT and 10 NST were performed in 33 patients. Patients, who were resistant or relapsed following ASCT, underwent NST if they had an HLA-matched sibling, otherwise treated with a second ASCT. Thalidomide was started as maintenance after ASCT. After first transplantation, three patients underwent second ASCT and 10 patients underwent NST. Following first transplantation, CR rate was 39% and increased to 60% (overall response 93%) with addition of thalidomide, bortezomib, and second transplantation. CR was durable in 14 (42%) patients. During a median follow-up of 24 months, 18 patients progressed and nine patients died. The 100-d transplant-related mortality was <5%. The four-yr progression-free survival (PFS) was 52.4%. In conclusion, ASCT followed by thalidomide and NST in resistant patients can lead to high CR and PFS rates. As a second transplantation has not been performed routinely, patients having durable CR had a chance to avoid or delay a second transplantation without compromising disease control.
Oyan
Basak
B
Section of Medical Oncology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul. basakou@yahoo.com
Koc
Yener
Y
Ozdemir
Evren
E
Kars
Ayse
A
Turker
Alev
A
Tekuzman
Gulten
G
Kansu
Emin
E
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069286:Bortezomib; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012074:Remission Induction; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001897:Boronic Acids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011719:Pyrazines; D013792:Thalidomide; D000069286:Bortezomib