title: Effects of inverse ratio ventilation with PEEP on kidney function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Positive pressure ventilation influences hemodynamics and impairs renal function. The effects of inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) on hormonal response and renal function need to be investigated because this represents a highly invasive form of positive pressure ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten male patients were treated postoperatively for 60 min using five different ventilation modes. At the end of these periods, hemodynamics, urine production, fractional excretion of sodium (FESo), as well as the hormones, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), were measured in plasma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Central venous pressure (CVP), ADH, and renin with a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 15 cm H(2)O and an inspiration/expiration ratio (I:E) of 1:2 revealed significant increases from baseline, whereas CVP, renin, and FESo showed an increase with an PEEP of 15 cm H(2)O and an I:E ratio of 2:1. Urine production significantly decreased with an PEEP of 15 cm H(2)O and an I:E ratio of 2:1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IRV with PEEP induced clear effects on hemodynamics and hormonal responses (renin) as well as a decrease in urine production in patients with healthy renal and pulmonary systems after an operation. However, all parameters apart from FESo and renin remained within the normal range. Whether pathological values are also observed after longer periods of positive pressure ventilation shall be the subject of other studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, Hospital Wittlich, 54516, Wittlich, Germany. mg.dehne@verbund-krankenhaus.de
authors.forename: Marius G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dehne
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meister
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Röhrig
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katzer
authors.forename: Valesko
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D014554:Urination; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014667:Vasopressins; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000450:Aldosterone; D012964:Sodium