title: Successful treatment of bipolar disorder II and ADHD with a micronutrient formula: a case study.
abstract: Bipolar disorder with co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a challenge to treat. Ten previous reports have shown potential benefit of a micronutrient treatment (consisting mainly of vitamins and minerals) for various psychiatric symptoms, including mood and ADHD. This case study aimed to investigate the longer term impact of the micronutrients on both psychiatric and neurocognitive functioning in an off-on-off-on (ABAB) design with 1 year follow-up. A 21-year-old female with bipolar II disorder, ADHD, social anxiety, and panic disorder entered an open-label trial using a nutritional treatment following a documented 8 year history of on-going psychiatric symptoms not well managed by medications. After 8 weeks on the formula she showed significant improvements in mood, anxiety, and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Blood test results remained normal after 8 weeks on the formula. She did not report any adverse side effects associated with the treatment. She then chose to come off the formula; after 8 weeks her depression scores returned to baseline, and anxiety and ADHD symptoms worsened. The formula was reintroduced, showing gradual improvement in all psychiatric symptoms. This case represents a naturalistic ABAB design showing on-off control of symptoms. After 1 year, the patient is now in remission from all mental illness. Neurocognitive changes mirrored behavioral changes, showing improved processing speed, consistency in response speed, and verbal memory. A placebo response and expectancy effects cannot be ruled out although previous poor response to treatment and the duration of the current positive response decrease the likelihood that other factors better explain change. These consistently positive outcomes alongside an absence of side effects indicate that further research, particularly larger and more controlled trials, is warranted using this multinutrient approach.
authors.affiliation: University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. julia.rucklidge@canterbury.ac.nz
authors.forename: Julia J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rucklidge
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients