title: Importance of bone mineral density measurements in evaluating fragility bone fracture risk in Asian Indian men.
abstract: We evaluated the effect of BMD on fracture risk prediction using FRAX® among Asian Indian men when used in conjunction with clinical risk factors. A majority of our subjects were either osteopenic or osteoporotic, and their fracture risk increased when FRAX® was used in conjunction with femur neck T-scores.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Asian Indian men living in the United States may represent a population that is at high and underappreciated risk for fragility bone fractures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of BMD on fracture risk prediction using FRAX® among Asian Indian men when used in conjunction with clinical risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty four Asian Indian men (mean age 64.9 (±8.4) years) who had lived in the United States for an average of 33.6 (±10.6) years underwent BMD measurement at the proximal femur. Subjects were subjected to a general physical exam and history of fracture, hip fracture in a parent, current smoking and alcohol use, and diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis was obtained. Data from each subject were entered into the FRAX® algorithm and 10-year fracture probabilities were calculated using clinical risk factors (CRFs) alone and in combination with femur neck T-scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen subjects (29.5%) had femur neck T-scores ≥ -1.0, 28 (63.6%) T-scores between -1.0 and -2.5, and three (6.8%) T-scores < -2.5. The 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture based on a combination of clinical risk factors and femur neck T-scores was significantly higher than the fracture probability based on clinical risk factors alone (t(43) = 2.58, p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among Asian Indian men, the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture increases when femur neck T-scores are added to clinical risk factors in the FRAX® algorithm, and this population have a high fracture probability even in the absence of clinical risk factors.
authors.affiliation: General Clinical Research Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuruvilla
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Raisz
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kerstetter
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Feinn
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Rajan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D003237:Connecticut / Q000453:epidemiology; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods
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