title: Pulp response to resin-modified glass ionomer and calcium hydroxide cements in deep cavities: A quantitative systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantitatively determine whether the pulp response to resin-modified glass ionomer cements placed in deep cavities differs from that generated by calcium hydroxide cement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five databases were searched for articles up to 31 May 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  titles/abstracts relevant to topic; published in English; two-arm longitudinal in vivo trial; containing computable dichotomous datasets for test and control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  not all entered subjects accounted for at the end of the trial; subjects of both groups not followed up in the same way; trial on animal tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  One randomized and five non-randomized control trials, reporting on 1 and 17 datasets, respectively, were accepted. From non-randomized trials, the Relative Risk with 95% Confidence Interval of 13 datasets showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) and 4 showed a statistically significant difference between both materials. Meta-analysis of datasets from these trials found no difference between the inflammatory cell response after 30 days (0.87; 95%CI 0.59-1.26; p=0.46); 38% less inflammatory cell response with calcium hydroxide after 60 days (0.62; 95%CI 0.50-0.76; p<0.00001); higher number of intact odontoblasts beneath restored cavities after 381 days (0.56; 95%CI 0.38-0.82; p=0.0008). The results from the randomized control trial (1.40; 95%CI 0.92-2.14; p=0.11) indicated no difference in clinically identifiable pulp symptoms after two years. All trials showed limited internal validity due to selection bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No conclusive statement about the superiority of either type of material can yet be made. Further high-quality randomized control trials are needed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Oral Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa. neem@global.co.za
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mickenautsch
authors.forename: Veerasamy
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yengopal
authors.forename: Avijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banerjee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000628:therapy; D003736:Dental Cavity Lining; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects*; D003785:Dental Pulp Capping / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide