title: Massively parallel sequencing of exons on the X chromosome identifies RBM10 as the gene that causes a syndromic form of cleft palate.
abstract: Micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate comprise one of the most common malformation sequences, Robin sequence. It is a component of the TARP syndrome, talipes equinovarus, atrial septal defect, Robin sequence, and persistent left superior vena cava. This disorder is X-linked and severe, with apparently 100% pre- or postnatal lethality in affected males. Here we characterize a second family with TARP syndrome, confirm linkage to Xp11.23-q13.3, perform massively parallel sequencing of X chromosome exons, filter the results via a number of criteria including the linkage region, use a unique algorithm to characterize sequence changes, and show that TARP syndrome is caused by mutations in the RBM10 gene, which encodes RNA binding motif 10. We further show that this previously uncharacterized gene is expressed in midgestation mouse embryos in the branchial arches and limbs, consistent with the human phenotype. We conclude that massively parallel sequencing is useful to characterize large candidate linkage intervals and that it can be used successfully to allow identification of disease-causing gene mutations.
authors.affiliation: National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4472, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Jamie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Teer
authors.forename: Praveen F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Cherukuri
authors.forename: Nancy F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Stacie K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Loftus
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mullikin
authors.forename: Leslie G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Biesecker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: C512260:RBM10 protein, human; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins
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