title: Comparison of the use of conventional, hydrophilic and gel-lubricated catheters with regard to urethral micro trauma, urinary system infection, and patient satisfaction in patients with spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Management of the lower urinary tract is crucially important in patients with spinal cord injuries in order to prevent damage to the upper urinary tract and to preserve renal function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to compare the use of standard polyvinyl chloride (PVC), hydrophilic-coated, and gel-lubricated non-hydrophilic catheters with regard to urethral micro trauma, urinary system infection, and patient satisfaction in patients with spinal cord injuries. Study design. Randomized, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital, inpatient clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five male patients with spinal cord injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were asked to use 3 different types of catheters. The selection of catheter order was determined randomly, and all 3 catheters were used for 6 weeks consecutively. All patients were assessed at the beginning of treatment and at weeks 6, 12, and 18, in terms of urethral cytology, urinalysis, urine culture, and patient satisfaction (Visual Analog Scale, VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients completed the study. Regarding the urethral trauma evaluation, urethral cell counts were reduced with gel-lubricated non-hydrophilic catheter use (P<0.05), increased with PVC catheter use (P<0.05), and showed no change with hydrophilic-coated catheter use (P>0.05). The number of leucocytes in the urine sediment was significantly reduced after gel-lubricated catheter use (P<0.05). There was significantly less microhematuria with hydrophilic-coated and gel-lubricated non-hydrophilic catheter use compared with PVC catheter use (P<0.05). There were no significant differences among catheters with respect to symptomatic urinary tract infection and microbiological analysis of urine culture (P>0.05). The mean VAS was better with the gel-lubricated non-hydrophilic catheter than with the other two catheter types (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hydrophilic-coated catheter and especially the gel-lubricated non-hydrophilic catheter reduce trauma to the urethral surfaces and enable easy and comfortable catheterization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hydrophilic and gel-lubricated catheters represent an attractive alternative to standard PVC catheters for urological rehabilitation in patients with spinal cord injuries.
authors.affiliation: Ege University Medical Faculty Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Bornova/Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarica
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akkoc
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karapolat
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aktug
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057785:Catheters; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014521:Urethra / Q000293:injuries; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005782:Gels; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride