title: Autologous bone marrow cell implantation attenuates left ventricular remodeling and improves heart function in porcine myocardial infarction: an echocardiographic, six-month angiographic, and molecular-cellular study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the potential benefits and the underlying mechanisms of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BMDMNC) implantation in a porcine model of acute anterior wall myocardial infarction (AAWMI) by studying 6-month left ventricular (LV) function and LV remodeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  After being aspirated from the iliac crest and cultured for 1 week, BMDMNCs were implanted immediately after AAWMI induction through the left anterior descending artery ligation. Thirty male mini-pigs (16-18 kg) were equally divided into group 1 [AAWMI plus saline injection into infarct-ischemia area (IA)], group 2 (AAWMI plus 3.0 × 10⁷ BMDMNC transplantation into non-IA), group 3 (AAWMI plus 3.0 × 10⁷ BMDMNC transplantation into IA), group 4 (sham control plus 3.0 × 10⁷ BMDMNC transplantation into LV myocardium), and group 5 (normal control).
  
  
  RESULTS
  By day 90, echocardiography demonstrated an increased LV end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions but reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF) in groups 1 and 2 than in other groups (all p < 0.01). Six-month angiographic study showed a lower LVEF and wall motion score but a higher mitral regurgitation in groups 1 and 2 than in other groups (all p < 0.01). In IA and peri-infarct area, the number of small vessels and mRNA expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Bcl-2, interleukin (IL)-10, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α were lower, whereas the number of apoptotic nuclei, caspase-3, Bax, endothelin-1, IL-8, and matrix metalloproteinase was higher in groups 1 and 2 than in other groups (all p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autologous BMDMNC transplantation into IA rather non-IA improves LV function and reduces LV remodeling via eliciting a broad-spectrum of molecular-cellular defensive mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leu
authors.forename: Cheuk-Kwan
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jiunn-Jye
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Li-Teh
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chun-Man
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Chiang-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Sheung-Fat
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Sung-Nan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: Chiung-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hon-Kan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yip
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004452:Echocardiography; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*