title: Clinical, biochemical, and pathological characteristics of clevudine-associated myopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to define the clinical, biochemical, and pathological characteristics of myopathy developed during clevudine therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively enrolled 36 consecutive myopathy patients who were receiving clevudine therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We evaluated patients with a complete medical history, neurologic examination with a questionnaire on neuromuscular diseases, laboratory tests, electrophysiology studies, and muscle biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median duration of clevudine therapy was 18.0 months (ranging from 9 to 24 months). The chief complaint was weakness of the lower extremities in 30 patients (83.3%) and asthenia in five patients (13.9%). One patient (2.8%) had only persistently elevated serum muscle enzyme without any symptoms. Weakness of the lower extremity mainly involved proximal muscle group of the lower extremity, characterized by difficulty in climbing stairs (83.3%), a decrease in exercise capacity (75.0%) and difficulty in walking (55.6%). All patients showed an elevation of more than two of serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lactate levels. Muscle biopsies performed in 23 patients revealed myopathic features with abnormal mitochondria in 21 patients, and nonspecific myositis in two patients. Motor weakness gradually improved after discontinuation of clevudine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myopathy associated with clevudine is characterized by a weakness in proximal muscles of the lower extremities with elevated muscle enzymes and presumably caused by mitochondrial toxicities. Careful medical and serologic examinations are essential for the early detection and management of this potential adverse reaction in CHB patients under clevudine therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea. wytak@knu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Won Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Tak
authors.forename: Soo Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chang Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Min Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Seong Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Young Oh
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Kweon
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yoon Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Sohn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001086:Arabinofuranosyluracil / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007773:Lactates; D001086:Arabinofuranosyluracil; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; C034935:clevudine