title: Differentiation of metallicolous and non-metallicolous Salix caprea populations based on phenotypic characteristics and nuclear microsatellite (SSR) markers.
abstract: The Salicaceae family comprises a large number of high-biomass species with remarkable genetic variability and adaptation to ecological niches. Salix caprea survives in heavy metal contaminated areas, translocates and accumulates Zn/Cd in leaves. To reveal potential selective effects of long-term heavy metal contaminations on the genetic structure and Zn/Cd accumulation capacity, 170 S. caprea isolates of four metal-contaminated and three non-contaminated middle European sites were analysed with microsatellite markers using Wright's F statistics. The differentiation of populations North of the Alps are more pronounced compared to the Southern ones. By grouping the isolates based on their contamination status, a weak but significant differentiation was calculated between Northern metallicolous and non-metallicolous populations. To quantify if the contamination and genetic status of the populations correlate with Zn/Cd tolerance and the accumulation capacity, the S. caprea isolates were exposed to elevated Cd/Zn concentrations in perlite-based cultures. Consistent with the genetic data nested anova analyses for the physiological traits find a significant difference in the Cd accumulation capacity between the Northern and Southern populations. Our data suggest that natural populations are a profitable source to uncover genetic mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation and biomass production, traits that are essential for improving phytoextraction strategies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil Science, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puschenreiter
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences.
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Türktaş
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil Science, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil Science, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences.
authors.forename: Gerlinde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wieshammer
authors.affiliation: Department of Landscape, Spatial and Infrastructure Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laaha
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil Science, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences.
authors.forename: Walter W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences.
authors.forename: Marie-Theres
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hauser
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000483:Alleles; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018744:DNA, Plant; D005060:Europe; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000187:drug effects; D005828:Genetics, Population; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D018515:Plant Leaves; D032107:Populus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D032108:Salix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D018744:DNA, Plant; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D015032:Zinc
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