Effect of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) in both nitrite- and nitrosamine-induced cell death, production of reactive oxygen species, and DNA damage by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE): does it have any protective effect on HepG2 cells?
The current study was designed to investigate possible protective effect of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) in nitrite- and nitrosamine-treated human hepatoma cells (HepG2) with the evaluation by cytotoxic effects and genotoxic effects determined by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). Allyl isothiocyanate treatment enhanced cell viability and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in both nitrite- and nitrosamine-treated cells significantly. In SCGE, when compared to untreated control cells, all of the treated groups caused increases in the tail intensity (%) such as nitrite at 17%, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) at 279%, N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) at 324%, and N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) at 288%. Allyl isothiocyanate reduced the tail intensity caused by nitrite 36%, by NDMA 36%, by NDEA 49%, and by NMOR 32%, respectively, when compared to each individual toxic compound-treated group. In conclusion, AITC protected HepG2 cells against cytotoxic and genotoxic effects caused by nitrite and the nitrosamines.
Erkekoğlu
Pinar
P
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. erkekp@yahoo.com
Baydar
Terken
T
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D009573:Nitrites / Q000633:toxicity*; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000633:toxicity*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
D000975:Antioxidants; D003603:Cytotoxins; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D009153:Mutagens; D009573:Nitrites; D009602:Nitrosamines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C004471:allyl isothiocyanate