title: Very low levels of vitamin D in systemic sclerosis patients.
abstract: Vitamin D displays many extraosseous immunomodulatory effects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of vitamin D in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to analyze the associations between the concentration of the vitamin and clinical manifestations. In March-April 2009, 65 consecutive SSc patients underwent evaluation of vitamin D concentrations by the LIAISON immunoassay (normal 30-100 ng/ml). Serum levels between 10 and 30 ng/ml were classified as vitamin D insufficiency, while concentrations <10 ng/ml as vitamin D deficiency. None of the patients were receiving vitamin D supplementation at the time of or during the year prior to study entry. The mean level of vitamin D was 15.8 ± 9.1 ng/ml. Only three cases showed normal values; vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were found in 43 and 19 cases, respectively. Patients with vitamin D deficiency showed longer disease duration (13.1 ± 6.8 versus 9.4 ± 5.5 years, P = 0.026), lower diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (63.7 ± 12.4 versus 76.4 ± 20.2, P = 0.014), higher estimated pulmonary artery pressure (28.9 ± 9.9 versus 22.8 ± 10.4, P = 0.037) and higher values of ESR (40 ± 25 versus 23 ± 13 mm/h, P = 0.001) and of CRP (7 ± 7 and 4 ± 2 mg/l, P = 0.004) in comparison with patients with vitamin D insufficiency; moreover, late nailfold videocapillaroscopic pattern was more frequently found (52.6% versus 18.6%, P = 0.013). None of the patients showed evidence of overt mal-absorption. Low levels of vitamin D are very frequent in patients with SSc. Intestinal involvement is not likely the cause of vitamin D deficit; other factors such as skin hyperpigmentation and reduced sun exposition for psychological and social reasons may be implicated. Patients with vitamin D deficiency showed more severe disease in comparison with patients with vitamin D insufficiency, above all concerning lung involvement. Further trials are awaited to determine whether vitamin D could represent a modifiable factor able to interfere with SSc evolution.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy. paola.caramaschi@ospedaleuniverona.it
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caramaschi
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalla Gassa
authors.forename: Orazio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ruzzenente
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ravagnani
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tinazzi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barausse
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bambara
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Biasi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D
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