Clinical manifestations and treatment of the pediatric rheumatoid patient.
The management goal of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is to achieve early diagnosis and treatment so that arthritis can be resolved at an early stage, which avoids long-term damage and provides a good outcome of the affected inflammatory joints. This article describes presentation, classification, evaluation, and treatment of JRA as it relates to the foot and ankle. Because the course of JRA is complex and the optimal management is highly variable in each patient, this article can only offer recommendations. Actual treatment should be individualized to meet the conditions of each patient.
Haber
Lawrence
L
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA. lhaber@orthopedics.umsmed.edu
Womack
Erika
E
Zimmerman
Catherine
C
Hughes
Joshua
J
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005531:Foot Deformities, Acquired / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D017746:Joint Capsule / Q000601:surgery; D008487:Medical History Taking; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D010808:Physical Examination; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D000074402:Synovectomy; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers