title: Formation of chlorinated aromatics in model fly ashes using various copper compounds.
abstract: Various copper compounds found in fly ash are related to the formation of chlorinated aromatics. The formation potentials of chlorinated aromatics in different model fly ashes containing various copper compounds and the chemical behavior of such copper compounds were investigated. In model fly ash with copper metal, hydroxide, carbonate, or oxides, the generated amounts of chlorobenzene (CBz) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the average chlorination numbers were low and at the same level, respectively. The maximum generated amounts of chlorinated aromatics were observed at 300 degrees C. Although X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra indicated that the chemical form of copper compounds changed little, they were found to promote the formation of chlorinated aromatics. Therefore, these copper compounds play the same role as CuO. On the other hand, in model fly ash with copper chloride, the generated amounts of CBz and PCBs were quite high and the average chlorination numbers was high. Dynamic changes were observed in XANES spectra, and the pre-edge peak attributed to monovalent copper compounds appeared at around 300 degrees C. A large difference was observed between these two groups in the amount of CuCl generated and the homologs of chlorinated aromatics present, indicating that CuCl played an important role in the formation of chlorinated aromatics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urban & Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oshita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uruga
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D060729:Coal Ash; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006361:Heating; D017745:Incineration; D008956:Models, Chemical; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D056928:X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
chemical_list: D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D060729:Coal Ash; D052638:Particulate Matter; D002244:Carbon; D003300:Copper; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; C031294:chlorobenzene; C000520:cuprous oxide