Prevalence and predictors of persistent suicide ideation, plans, and attempts during college.
BACKGROUND
Suicide is the second-leading cause of death among college students in the U.S. and is preventable. Approximately 1100 college students die by suicide each year. This study examined the prevalence and predictors of one-time and persistent suicide ideation, plans, and attempts reported during college.


METHODS
Data were gathered prospectively over four years. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1253 first-year college students at one large mid-Atlantic university. Risk factors were measured in Year 1.


RESULTS
An estimated 12%(wt) of individuals experienced suicide ideation at some point during college, and of those individuals, 25% had more than one episode of ideation (persistent ideation; 2.6%(wt) of the overall sample). Ten individuals had a plan or attempt during college (0.9%(wt) of the sample). Risk factors for persistent suicide ideation included low social support, childhood or adolescent exposure to domestic violence, maternal depression, and high self-reported depressive symptoms. Persistent ideators differed from one-time ideators only by higher levels of depression (p=.027). Persistent ideators were no more likely than one-time ideators to have made a suicide plan or attempt during college (8% vs. 9%, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Although the sample size is large, only a small percentage of participants had persistent ideation, suicide plans or attempts during college.


CONCLUSIONS
These results have implications for programs aimed at identifying college students at risk for suicide. The accurate identification of college students at risk for suicide is an important step toward suicide prevention.
Wilcox
Holly C
HC
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
Arria
Amelia M
AM
Caldeira
Kimberly M
KM
Vincent
Kathryn B
KB
Pinchevsky
Gillian M
GM
O'Grady
Kevin E
KE
D000293:Adolescent; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009042:Motivation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
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