title: Refractive surgery after corneal transplant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ametropia and astigmatism following successful penetrating keratoplasty can seriously impact a patient's quality of vision. Similar limitations can result following anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK) and Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK). These patients often suffer from aniseikonia and can be intolerant of spectacles and contact lenses. Refractive surgery can correct both ametropia and astigmatism following corneal transplantation and improve a patient's final visual outcome. The same methods used to correct naturally occurring refractive errors are being used with increasing success in patients who have undergone corneal transplants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many refractive options are available to treat ametropia following penetrating keratoplasty. Incisional keratotomies have been employed to treat high amounts of astigmatism. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) are also used to treat myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. LASIK has been shown to have an overall better outcome compared to PRK; however, the use of mitomycin-C with PRK has improved results. Phakic and pseudophakic piggyback intraocular lenses are also being used to treat high degrees of ametropia and astigmatism; however, the long-term results are somewhat limited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Refractive surgery can improve the final visual outcome of patients who have undergone successful corneal transplantation. Currently available modalities provide many options for patients who are intolerant of spectacles and contact lenses. Continued advances and research will enable surgeons to optimize visual quality in postkeratoplasty patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10467, USA.
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuryan
authors.forename: Prabjot
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Channa
mesh_terms: D016039:Corneal Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D011182:Postoperative Care; D054140:Refractive Surgical Procedures