title: African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES): III. Ancestry differences in visual function in healthy eyes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate differences in visual function between the healthy eyes of people of African (AD) and European descent (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual function was assessed in 393 AD and 367 ED participants selected from the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study and the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study. Participants had normal appearance of the optic disc and intraocular pressure of less than 22 mm Hg. Each participant had 2 reliable 24-2 standard automated perimetry tests, and most had short-wavelength automated perimetry and frequency-doubling technology tests. The generalized estimating equation was used to adjust for intereye correlations. Results were adjusted for age, vertical cup-disc ratio, disc size, central corneal thickness, and presence of high blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AD participants were younger (mean [SD] age, 46.2 [13.2] years) than the ED participants (age, 49.5 [16.6] years) (P = .003). The AD participants had worse mean deviation and pattern standard deviation and more points triggered as abnormal on the total and pattern deviation plots compared with ED participants on all tests (P < .05). A larger percentage of AD participants had confirmed abnormal glaucoma hemifield test results on standard automated perimetry only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  People of AD have significantly worse performance than people of ED on all tests of visual function. Additional research using longitudinal data is needed to determine the cause of these small but significant ancestry differences in visual function.
authors.affiliation: Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA. lracette@glaucoma.ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Lyne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Racette
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Liebmann
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Girkin
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Zangwill
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Lida M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Becerra
authors.forename: Felipe A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bowd
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Weinreb
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boden
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sample
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*; D044465:White People
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