title: The purinergic P2Y(13) receptor activates the Nrf2/HO-1 axis and protects against oxidative stress-induced neuronal death.
abstract: Although extracellular purines may have both trophic and apoptotic functions in the brain depending on the targeted purine receptor and cell type, little is known about the role of specific purine receptors on neurons. In this study, we demonstrate that both ADP and its stable analogue 2-methyl-thio-ADP (2MeSADP) induce up-regulation of the cytoprotective protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Selective inhibition of 2MeSADP-responsive receptors P2Y(1) and P2Y(13) with their respective antagonists MRS2179 and MRS2211 and the use of pertussis toxin demonstrated a role of the purinergic P2Y(13) receptor in this response. Moreover, luciferase assays demonstrated that ectopic expression of the P2Y(13) receptor in neuroblastoma N2A cells resulted in 2MeSADP-dependent induction of antioxidant response elements from the HO-1 promoter. The transcription factor Nrf2 was critical for HO-1 activation and translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus in response to 2MeSADP. In cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) derived from Nrf2-knockout mice this purine did not activate the Nrf2/HO-1 axis and did not protect against H(2)O(2)-induced cell death. The relevance of HO-1 in 2MeSADP-induced neuroprotection was further demonstrated by the evidence that HO-1 inhibition with tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) prevented protection against H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress and cell death. These observations reveal a previously unrecognized role in protection against oxidative stress by extracellular purines acting on the metabotropic P2Y(13) receptor and provide new perspectives for neuroprotective therapies.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned), Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC. Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Espada
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molina-Jijón
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Rojo
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Sen
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedraza-Chaverri
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Miras-Portugal
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuadrado
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000502:physiology*; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C486689:P2ry13 protein, mouse; C486690:P2ry13 protein, rat; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D013873:Thionucleotides; C002480:methylthio-ADP; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1