title: Effect of the addition of vasopressin or vasopressin plus nitroglycerin to epinephrine on arterial blood pressure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infusion of a vasopressor during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in humans increases end decompression (diastolic) arterial blood pressure, and consequently increases vital organ perfusion pressure and survival. Several vasoactive drugs have been tested alone or in combination, but their hemodynamic effects have not been investigated clinically in humans.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that epinephrine (1 mg) co-administered with vasopressin (40 IU) ± nitroglycerin (300 μg) results in higher diastolic blood pressure than epinephrine alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, double-blinded controlled trial in the prehospital setting. The study included 48 patients with witnessed cardiac arrest. Patients received either epinephrine alone (E alone) or epinephrine plus vasopressin (E+V) or epinephrine plus vasopressin plus nitroglycerin (E+V+N). A femoral arterial catheter was inserted for arterial pressure measurement.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary end point was diastolic blood pressure during CPR, 15 min after the first drug administration (T = 15 min).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After exclusions, a total of 44 patients were enrolled. Diastolic blood pressures (mm Hg) at T = 15 min were not statistically different between groups (median [interquartile range]: 20 [10], 15 [6], and 15 [13] for E alone, E+V, and E+V+N, respectively. The rate of return of spontaneous circulation was 63% (n = 10) in the epinephrine group, 43% (n = 6) in the epinephrine plus vasopressin group, and 36% (n = 5) in the triple therapy group (NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of vasopressin or vasopressin plus nitroglycerin to epinephrine did not increase perfusion blood pressure compared to epinephrine alone in humans in cardiac arrest, suggesting the absence of benefit in using these drug combination(s).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Lariboisière University Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ducros
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vicaut
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soleil
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Guen
authors.forename: Papa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gueye
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Poussant
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mebazaa
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Payen
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Plaisance
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000379:methods; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010297:Paris; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014667:Vasopressins; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D004837:Epinephrine