title: Incidence of metabolic syndrome according to combinations of lifestyle factors among middle-aged Japanese male workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine a combination of healthy lifestyles on the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) to inform future interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1897 men aged 35-60 years participated in an annual health check-up in 2002 and 2005. MetS was defined by AHA/NCEP criteria. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate age- and BMI-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of MetS incidence for each healthy lifestyle (regular physical activity, adherence to healthy eating behaviors, not current smoking, and maintaining a stable weight since one's mid-twenties), separately (Model 1) and simultaneously (Model 2). A points system was developed to derive 3-year risk of MetS incidence by assigning a specific point to each healthy lifestyle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MetS developed in 285 (15.0%) subjects after the follow-up. The ORs of MetS for each healthy lifestyle ranged from 0.42 to 0.64 (Model 2). Three-year risk of MetS incidence was predicted to differ from 1% to 60% according to the individual point total of the points system. The population-attributable fraction of MetS in subjects whose point total was not in the highest quartile was 71%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adherence to healthy lifestyles was associated with a lower risk of MetS among apparently healthy middle-aged Japanese male workers.
authors.affiliation: Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuanying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yatsuya
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iso
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D004032:Diet; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors