title: Impaired endogenous thrombolysis in acute coronary syndrome patients predicts cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to assess endogenous thrombolytic activity in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and relate this to their likelihood of future adverse cardiovascular events.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Spontaneous lysis of platelet-rich thrombi is an important defense mechanism against lasting occlusion. Despite convincing evidence for the role of endogenous fibrinolysis in ACS, the prognostic value of plasma fibrinolytic markers in assessing risk is limited. We employed a novel global test which, in addition to platelet reactivity, allows assessment of endogenous thrombolytic activity to identify ACS patients who remain at risk of cardiovascular events.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the global thrombosis test (GTT) to assess thrombotic and thrombolytic status in 300 ACS patients receiving dual-antiplatelet therapy. The test assesses the time required to form an occlusive thrombus, the occlusion time (OT), and the time to lyse this, the lysis time (LT). The end point of the study at 12 months' follow-up was the composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The OT and LT were both prolonged in ACS patients compared with normal volunteers (p < 0.001). LT > or =3,000 s occurred in 23% of ACS patients versus none of the normal subjects and was a significant and independent predictor of cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction in a multivariate model adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. LT > or =3,000 s was the optimal cutoff value for predicting 12-month major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.34 to 4.71, p = 0.004) and cardiovascular death (HR: 4.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.13 to 15.62, p = 0.033). HR increased further as LT increased. No association was found between OT and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of endogenous thrombolytic status based on the lysis of platelet-rich thrombi from native blood using the point-of-care GTT can identify ACS patients at risk of future cardiac events.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Smriti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saraf
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christopoulos
authors.forename: Imen Ben
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Salha
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stott
authors.forename: Diana A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gorog
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors