Human T-lymphotropic virus type I or II (HTLV-I/II) associated with recurrent longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM): two case reports.
We describe two patients with recurrent longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) associated with human T-lymphotropic virus type I or II (HTLV-I/II) exposure, and with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in one case. HTLV-I/II are well known retroviral agents of myelopathy and B-cell dysfunction in humans. NMO is an autoimmune, demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), also linked to B-cell dysfunction. Therefore, the immunopathogenesis of NMO may in some cases be linked to human HTLV exposure. Awareness of a possible association with human retroviral exposure will contribute to the optimal diagnosis and management of patients presenting with LETM or NMO.
Delgado
Silvia R
SR
Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33101, USA. sdelgado1@med.miami.edu
Sheremata
William A
WA
Brown
Andrew D
AD
McCarthy
Micheline
M
D001284:Atrophy; D005260:Female; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D015491:HTLV-II Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; D015367:Human T-lymphotropic virus 2; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009188:Myelitis, Transverse / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
Ann Neurol. 2004 Jul;56(1):10-9
15236397
Neurology. 1996 Apr;46(4):1016-21
8780082
J Neurol Sci. 1991 Nov;106(1):41-9
1779238
Ann Neurol. 2005 Apr;57(4):526-34
15786444
Int MS J. 2006 May;13(2):42-50
16635421
Arch Neurol. 2003 Jun;60(6):873-6
12810493
Lancet. 1989 Nov 18;2(8673):1184-7
2572904
Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2008 Jan;10(1):55-66
18325300
J Infect Dis. 2002 Dec 1;186 Suppl 2:S187-92
12424696
Neurologist. 2007 Jan;13(1):2-11
17215722
J Neurol Sci. 1995 Nov;133(1-2):102-11
8583211
Lancet Neurol. 2007 Sep;6(9):805-15
17706564
Ann Neurol. 1993 Apr;33(4):411-4
8489213
Lancet. 2004 Dec 11-17;364(9451):2106-12
15589308
J Neurovirol. 2007 Jun;13(3):260-7
17613716
Ann Neurol. 1993 Apr;33(4):392-6
8489210
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2007 Dec;23(12):1499-504
18160007
Jpn J Cancer Res. 1992 Mar;83(3):236-9
1582883
Front Biosci. 2004 Sep 01;9:2527-39
15353305
Arch Neurol. 1992 Nov;49(11):1113-8
1444875
Lancet. 1987 Aug 15;2(8555):404
2886866
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 Jun;68(6):795-6
10877625
Lancet Neurol. 2006 Dec;5(12):1068-76
17110288
Intern Med. 2009;48(13):1157-9
19571450