title: Effect of family history of cancers and environmental factors on risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Guangdong, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Family history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an established risk factor for this cancer, but the contributions of family history of other types of cancer and its interaction with environmental factors have not been well characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1845 incident cases of NPC and 2275 matched controls from Guangdong, China were included in this study. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from logistic regression models adjusted for smoking, consumption of alcohol, salted fish consumption, and demographic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant association between the risk of NPC and family history of any cancers in first degree relatives was observed, and higher number of affected family member was related to a higher risk (P(trend)<0.01). Family history of NPC was the strongest predictor for NPC (OR: 3.35, 95% CI: 2.46-4.55 for all first degree relatives). The risk of NPC was also positively associated with history of head and neck cancer among parents and lung and breast cancers among siblings. The combination of family history of cancer, especially NPC, and the consumption of salt-preserved fish significantly increased the risk for NPC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm that the risk for NPC increases with family history of NPC and suggest that lung and breast cancer contribute to risk for NPC. A possible interaction between family history of cancer, especially NPC, and consumption of salt-preserved fish in the development of NPC was also identified.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology, South China, China.
authors.forename: Ze-Fang
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Wen-Sheng
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hai-De
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Ya-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Dan-Dan
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Qi-Sheng
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Li-Zhen
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiao-Ou
authors.initials: XO
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Yi-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Wei-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D005519:Food Preservation; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult