title: Fluid-Structure Interactions of the Mitral Valve and Left Heart: Comprehensive Strategies, Past, Present and Future.
abstract: The remodeling that occurs after a posterolateral myocardial infarction can alter mitral valve function by creating conformational abnormalities in the mitral annulus and in the posteromedial papillary muscle, leading to mitral regurgitation (MR). It is generally assumed that this remodeling is caused by a volume load and is mediated by an increase in diastolic wall stress. Thus, mitral regurgitation can be both the cause and effect of an abnormal cardiac stress environment. Computational modeling of ischemic MR and its surgical correction is attractive because it enables an examination of whether a given intervention addresses the correction of regurgitation (fluid-flow) at the cost of abnormal tissue stress. This is significant because the negative effects of an increased wall stress due to the intervention will only be evident over time. However, a meaningful fluid-structure interaction model of the left heart is not trivial; it requires a careful characterization of the in-vivo cardiac geometry, tissue parameterization though inverse analysis, a robust coupled solver that handles collapsing Lagrangian interfaces, automatic grid-generation algorithms that are capable of accurately discretizing the cardiac geometry, innovations in image analysis, competent and efficient constitutive models and an understanding of the spatial organization of tissue microstructure. In this manuscript, we profile our work toward a comprehensive fluid-structure interaction model of the left heart by reviewing our early work, presenting our current work and laying out our future work in four broad categories: data collection, geometry, fluid-structure interaction and validation.
authors.affiliation: Biological Monitoring & Modeling, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. { daniel.einstein@pnl.gov , andrew.kuprat@pnl.gov , james.carson@pnl.gov.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Einstein
authors.forename: Facundo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Del Pin
authors.forename: Xiangmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kuprat
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Karyn S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kunzelman
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.forename: Julius M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guccione
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ratcliffe
references.citation: J Heart Valve Dis. 2005 May;14(3):393-9
references.pmid: 15974535
references.citation: J Biomech. 2003 Mar;36(3):421-30
references.pmid: 12594990
references.citation: J Biomech Eng. 2000 Apr;122(2):109-17
references.pmid: 10834150
references.citation: Protein Pept Lett. 2004 Oct;11(5):433-42
references.pmid: 15544564
references.citation: Circulation. 1996 Nov 1;94(9 Suppl):II159-63
references.pmid: 8901738
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Oct;293(4):H2377-84
references.pmid: 17604331
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Jan;26(1):69-77
references.pmid: 16293796
references.citation: Dis Mon. 1994 Feb;40(2):41-113
references.pmid: 8306847
references.citation: J Biomech Eng. 2005 Feb;127(1):134-47
references.pmid: 15868796
references.citation: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008 Jul;136(1):10-8
references.pmid: 18603046
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Jul;89(1):314-22
references.pmid: 10904067
references.citation: Cardiovasc Eng. 2007 Dec;7(4):140-55
references.pmid: 18026835
references.citation: Circulation. 1987 Jul;76(1):44-51
references.pmid: 3594774
references.citation: Biomech Model Mechanobiol. 2005 Nov;4(2-3):100-17
references.pmid: 16133588
references.citation: Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2008 Sep 28;366(1879):3411-34
references.pmid: 18603525
references.citation: Ann Biomed Eng. 2001 May;29(5):406-13
references.pmid: 11400721
references.citation: J Cardiol. 1995 Jun;25(6):329-34
references.pmid: 7595859
references.citation: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2007 Aug 29;362(1484):1489-503
references.pmid: 17569640
references.citation: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006 Mar;131(3):579-586.e3
references.pmid: 16515908
references.citation: J Heart Valve Dis. 2005 May;14(3):376-85
references.pmid: 15974533
references.citation: Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2006;2006:5311-4
references.pmid: 17946694
references.citation: Circ Res. 2005 Apr 1;96(6):626-34
references.pmid: 15731464
references.citation: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 Feb;129(2):382-90
references.pmid: 15678050
references.citation: Med Biol Eng Comput. 2004 Nov;42(6):832-46
references.pmid: 15587476
references.citation: ASAIO J. 1997 Sep-Oct;43(5):M387-92
references.pmid: 9360067
references.citation: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2007 Aug 29;362(1484):1445-57
references.pmid: 17569641
references.citation: Circ Res. 2004 Oct 15;95(8):841-7
references.pmid: 15375006
references.citation: J Biomech. 1997 Oct;30(10):1071-5
references.pmid: 9391876
references.citation: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2007 Aug 29;362(1484):1393-406
references.pmid: 17581809
references.citation: J Comput Phys. 2009 Feb 20;228(3):619-640
references.pmid: 19784397
references.citation: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008 May;135(5):1094-102, 1102.e1-2
references.pmid: 18455590
references.citation: J Biomech Eng. 1993 Feb;115(1):82-90
references.pmid: 8445902
references.citation: Biophys J. 2004 Sep;87(3):2074-85
references.pmid: 15345582
references.citation: Circulation. 2000 Nov 7;102(19 Suppl 3):III62-9
references.pmid: 11082364
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1995 Oct;269(4 Pt 2):H1319-27
references.pmid: 7485564
references.citation: J Biomech Eng. 1996 Nov;118(4):529-37
references.pmid: 8950657
references.citation: J Biomech Eng. 2008 Aug;130(4):041010
references.pmid: 18601452
references.citation: Ann Biomed Eng. 2007 Jan;35(1):1-18
references.pmid: 17111210
references.citation: Mol Cell Biomech. 2007 Sep;4(3):159-76
references.pmid: 18320902
references.citation: Dis Mon. 1980 Jun;26(9):1-47
references.pmid: 6901509
references.citation: J Heart Valve Dis. 1993 May;2(3):326-40
references.pmid: 8269128
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2004 Oct 14;351(16):1627-34
references.pmid: 15483281
references.citation: J Biomech. 2003 Jan;36(1):103-12
references.pmid: 12485644
references.citation: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997 Feb;113(2):292-300; discussion 300-1
references.pmid: 9040623
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1981 Dec;241(6):H795-801
references.pmid: 7325246
references.citation: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000 Apr;119(4 Pt 1):753-63
references.pmid: 10733765
references.citation: Int J Numer Methods Eng. 2009 Aug 20;79(8):907-945
references.pmid: 20161102
references.citation: Int J Artif Organs. 2007 Jul;30(7):640-8
references.pmid: 17674341
references.citation: Circulation. 2006 Dec 12;114(24):2627-35
references.pmid: 17130342
references.citation: Inf Process Med Imaging. 2007;20:408-20
references.pmid: 17633717
references.citation: J Biomech. 2006;39(1):158-69
references.pmid: 16271600
references.citation: Ann Biomed Eng. 2008 Oct;36(10):1668-80
references.pmid: 18663577
references.citation: Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng. 2005 Nov 15;194(48-49):5083-5106
references.pmid: 19777144
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 Mar;33(3):843-53
references.pmid: 10080490
references.citation: J Neurosci Methods. 2006 Sep 30;156(1-2):84-100
references.pmid: 16580732
references.citation: PLoS Comput Biol. 2005 Sep;1(4):e41
references.pmid: 16184189
references.citation: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2007 May;26(5):728-44
references.pmid: 17518066
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Aug;289(2):H692-700
references.pmid: 15778283
references.citation: J Biomech. 1979;12(3):223-7
references.pmid: 422588
references.citation: J Biomech. 2007;40(3):613-26
references.pmid: 16584739
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1963 Aug;205:385-92
references.pmid: 14058122
references.citation: J Vasc Surg. 2005 Feb;41(2):321-31
references.pmid: 15768016
references.citation: Front Biosci. 2005 May 01;10:1985-2000
references.pmid: 15769679
references.citation: Ann Thorac Surg. 1998 Dec;66(6 Suppl):S155-61
references.pmid: 9930439
references.citation: J Heart Valve Dis. 2003 Nov;12(6):781-9
references.pmid: 14658821
references.citation: J Biomech Eng. 1998 Feb;120(1):38-47
references.pmid: 9675679
references.citation: Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2004 Jun;7(3):139-46
references.pmid: 15512757
references.citation: ASAIO Trans. 1991 Jul-Sep;37(3):M447-8
references.pmid: 1751231
references.citation: J Biomech. 2003 May;36(5):699-712
references.pmid: 12695000
references.citation: Inhal Toxicol. 2005 Apr;17(4-5):217-24
references.pmid: 15804939
references.citation: J Biomech. 2007;40(10):2283-90
references.pmid: 17161842
references.citation: J Artif Organs. 2007;10(2):96-103
references.pmid: 17574512
references.citation: ASAIO J. 1995 Jul-Sep;41(3):M754-62
references.pmid: 8573908
references.citation: Med Biol Eng Comput. 1985 Jan;23(1):95-8
references.pmid: 3974329
references.citation: Ann Biomed Eng. 2005 May;33(5):567-76
references.pmid: 15981858
references.citation: Ann Biomed Eng. 2005 Dec;33(12):1819-30
references.pmid: 16389530
references.citation: J Heart Valve Dis. 1994 Sep;3(5):491-6
references.pmid: 8000582
references.citation: J Heart Valve Dis. 1996 Jul;5(4):365-75
references.pmid: 8858500