title: Budget impact of managing cow milk allergy in the Netherlands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the resource implications and budget impact of managing cow milk allergy (CMA) in the Netherlands from the perspective of the healthcare insurers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A model was constructed depicting the management of CMA in the Netherlands using information obtained from interviews with youth healthcare doctors (n = 14), general practitioners (n = 6) and paediatricians (n = 11) with relevant clinical experience of managing CMA. The model was used to estimate the expected level of healthcare resource use and corresponding cost (at 2007/08 prices) attributable to managing 4,382 new CMA sufferers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expected cost of healthcare resource use attributable to managing 4,382 new CMA sufferers up to 1 year of age following initial consultation with a community-based physician at a mean 3 months of age was estimated to be €11.28 (95% CI: €7.82; €14.33) million. Clinical nutrition preparations emerged as the primary cost driver accounting for 91% of the total cost and clinician visits collectively accounted for a further 5%. The time taken for CMA sufferers to be put on an appropriate diet and achieve symptom resolution was estimated to be 30 (95% CI: 27; 32) days. Sensitivity analysis showed that the costs would increase by approximately 16% if all new CMA sufferers were to undergo a double-blind placebo-controlled cow milk challenge in a hospital setting, as is currently being proposed. It is not clear how this proposal would affect time to symptom resolution since this would depend on the efficiency of hospitals being able to deal with the increased workload.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intolerance rates were derived from a 1-year follow-up study among 1,000 infants with CMA in the UK, healthcare resource use was not collected prospectively and the study period was censured at 1 year of age and does not consider the impact of CMA in subsequent years. However, most children outgrow this form of allergy during their second year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the model's limitations, CMA imposes a substantial burden on the Dutch healthcare system. Moreover, initiating a double-blind placebo-controlled cow milk challenge for all CMA sufferers will potentially increase clinicians' workload and use of limited resources within paediatric hospital departments in the Netherlands.
authors.affiliation: Catalyst Health Economics Consultants, Northwood, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: Erikas
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sladkevicius
authors.forename: Julian F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Guest
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006296:Health Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D018803:Models, Economic; D009426:Netherlands