Pilot study of blood biomarker candidates for detection of pancreatic cancer.
OBJECTIVE
Biomarkers that detect pancreatic cancer at earlier stages could improve the outcome of this deadly disease.


METHODS
We investigated a dozen biomarker candidates for their potential as pancreatic cancer blood biomarkers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.


RESULTS
Among them, the macrophage migration inhibitory factor and osteopontin blood tests were nearly perfect in distinguishing pancreatic cancer cases from healthy controls (100% and 95% sensitivity, respectively, at 100% specificity). Five biomarker candidates were then tested on an expanded set of diseased controls, which included sera from patients with pancreatitis. The sensitivity dropped significantly for all 5 candidate markers.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that biomarker candidates could fail in various steps of biomarker development. Earlier knowledge of candidate biomarker flaws could lead to strategies to overcome the flaw or alternatively lead to earlier termination of biomarkers that are prone to failure in the later phases of validation testing.
Chen
Ru
R
GI Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Crispin
David A
DA
Pan
Sheng
S
Hawley
Sarah
S
McIntosh
Martin W
MW
May
Damon
D
Anton-Culver
Hoda
H
Ziogas
Argyrios
A
Bronner
Mary P
MP
Brentnall
Teresa A
TA
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000097:blood; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012372:ROC Curve
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D053495:Osteopontin
Epidemiology. 2005 Sep;16(5):598-603
16135934
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Jun;1022:286-94
15251974
Hepatogastroenterology. 2003 Sep-Oct;50(53):1669-74
14571813
Br J Cancer. 2008 May 6;98(9):1540-7
18392050
Am J Gastroenterol. 1990 Apr;85(4):350-5
2183589
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 May;16(5):886-91
17507610
Gynecol Oncol. 2004 Oct;95(1):9-15
15385104
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2007 Sep;23(5):508-14
17762556
Ups J Med Sci. 2008;113(1):57-64
18521799
J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2007 Nov;5(10):1034-41
18053427
Oncology. 2005;68(2-3):97-106
15886501
Cancer Biol Ther. 2005 Jul;4(7):740-6
15970685
Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 Aug;6(8):1331-42
17496331
Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2006 Jan-Feb;3(1):1-9
31394637
PLoS Med. 2009 Apr 7;6(4):e1000046
19360088
Mol Cell Proteomics. 2005 Apr;4(4):523-33
15684406
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003 Jun;60(6):1180-99
12861384
Ann Surg. 1986 Jan;203(1):77-81
3942423
PLoS One. 2008 Jul 09;3(7):e2633
18612378
Proteomics Clin Appl. 2007;1(12):1582-1591
18633454
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 Jul 18;93(14):1054-61
11459866
CA Cancer J Clin. 2006 Mar-Apr;56(2):106-30
16514137
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Mar;13(3):487-91
15006928
J Proteome Res. 2009 Feb;8(2):787-97
19105742
Eur J Surg Oncol. 2007 Apr;33(3):266-70
17097848