title: Signaling from axon guidance receptors.
abstract: Determining how axon guidance receptors transmit signals to allow precise pathfinding decisions is fundamental to our understanding of nervous system development and may suggest new strategies to promote axon regeneration after injury or disease. Signaling mechanisms that act downstream of four prominent families of axon guidance cues--netrins, semaphorins, ephrins, and slits--have been extensively studied in both invertebrate and vertebrate model systems. Although details of these signaling mechanisms are still fragmentary and there appears to be considerable diversity in how different guidance receptors regulate the motility of the axonal growth cone, a number of common themes have emerged. Here, we review recent insights into how specific receptors for each of these guidance cues engage downstream regulators of the growth cone cytoskeleton to control axon guidance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. gbashaw@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Greg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bashaw
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D051379:Mice; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2004 Jul 14;24(28):6248-57
references.pmid: 15254079
references.citation: Science. 1996 Aug 30;273(5279):1227-31
references.pmid: 8703057
references.citation: Development. 2005 Apr;132(8):1983-94
references.pmid: 15790972
references.citation: Cell. 2007 Aug 24;130(4):742-53
references.pmid: 17719550
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 6;279(32):33199-205
references.pmid: 15187088
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2008 Oct 24;283(43):28969-79
references.pmid: 18713744
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2003 Feb 15;23(4):1360-71
references.pmid: 12598624
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2006 Oct;9(10):1257-64
references.pmid: 16964251
references.citation: Nature. 2001 Sep 13;413(6852):174-9
references.pmid: 11557983
references.citation: EMBO J. 2006 Mar 22;25(6):1242-52
references.pmid: 16511561
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2004 Jul 28;24(30):6639-49
references.pmid: 15282266
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2002 Apr;9(4):725-37
references.pmid: 11983165
references.citation: Development. 2008 Jul;135(13):2277-87
references.pmid: 18539923
references.citation: J Neurochem. 2008 Feb;104(4):1081-90
references.pmid: 17995930
references.citation: Development. 2000 May;127(9):1991-2000
references.pmid: 10751187
references.citation: Neuron. 2003 Jan 9;37(1):53-65
references.pmid: 12526772
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2005 Feb;8(2):179-86
references.pmid: 15643427
references.citation: Science. 2000 Aug 25;289(5483):1360-5
references.pmid: 10958785
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2007 Mar;10(3):301-10
references.pmid: 17310244
references.citation: Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2007;23:375-404
references.pmid: 17944572
references.citation: Neuron. 2009 May 14;62(3):349-62
references.pmid: 19447091
references.citation: Neuron. 2005 Aug 18;47(4):515-28
references.pmid: 16102535
references.citation: Mech Dev. 2001 Aug;106(1-2):25-36
references.pmid: 11472832
references.citation: Neuron. 2004 Dec 16;44(6):909-16
references.pmid: 15603734
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 Mar 1;26(9):2419-23
references.pmid: 16510719
references.citation: Science. 2000 Aug 25;289(5483):1365-7
references.pmid: 10958786
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2002 Oct;5(10):955-62
references.pmid: 12352982
references.citation: Neuron. 2005 Apr 21;46(2):205-17
references.pmid: 15848800
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2000 Apr 17;149(2):263-70
references.pmid: 10769020
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Apr;28(7):2314-23
references.pmid: 18212043
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2005 Mar 23;25(12):3132-41
references.pmid: 15788770
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 1;282(22):16155-63
references.pmid: 17428795
references.citation: Neuron. 2009 Feb 12;61(3):359-72
references.pmid: 19217374
references.citation: Neuron. 2000 Apr;26(1):107-18
references.pmid: 10798396
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2003 Oct;5(10):869-78
references.pmid: 12973358
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1997 Aug 15;17(16):6256-63
references.pmid: 9236236
references.citation: Development. 2008 Aug;135(14):2361-71
references.pmid: 18550718
references.citation: Cell. 2001 Oct 19;107(2):209-21
references.pmid: 11672528
references.citation: Neuron. 2009 Feb 26;61(4):556-69
references.pmid: 19249276
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2007 May 23;27(21):5643-53
references.pmid: 17522309
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2004 Sep 1;18(17):2161-71
references.pmid: 15342493
references.citation: Nature. 1999 Sep 2;401(6748):69-73
references.pmid: 10485706
references.citation: Trends Cell Biol. 2004 Jun;14(6):320-30
references.pmid: 15183189
references.citation: Development. 2005 Dec;132(23):5161-72
references.pmid: 16251208
references.citation: Neuron. 2002 Jul 3;35(1):51-63
references.pmid: 12123608
references.citation: Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1515-8
references.pmid: 9727979
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Oct 9;104(41):16347-52
references.pmid: 17911252
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Oct 12;407(6805):747-50
references.pmid: 11048721
references.citation: Nature. 2002 Mar 28;416(6879):438-42
references.pmid: 11919634
references.citation: Neuron. 2003 Sep 25;40(1):113-27
references.pmid: 14527437
references.citation: Neuron. 2007 Sep 6;55(5):756-67
references.pmid: 17785182
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 26;104(52):20973-8
references.pmid: 18093944
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Feb;7(2):115-25
references.pmid: 16429121
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2004 Nov;7(11):1213-21
references.pmid: 15494734
references.citation: Mol Cell Neurosci. 2002 Jan;19(1):1-17
references.pmid: 11817894
references.citation: Mol Neurodegener. 2006 Jun 12;1:2
references.pmid: 16930449
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Jun 26;423(6943):990-5
references.pmid: 12827203
references.citation: Neuron. 2007 Sep 6;55(5):768-78
references.pmid: 17785183
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 15;278(33):30425-8
references.pmid: 12840034
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Apr 29;29(17):5690-700
references.pmid: 19403835
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Jan 6;403(6765):93-8
references.pmid: 10638760
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Apr 9;28(15):3920-4
references.pmid: 18400890
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2002 Apr 1;16(7):836-45
references.pmid: 11937491
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2004 Nov 22;167(4):687-98
references.pmid: 15557120
references.citation: Neuron. 2005 Apr 21;46(2):191-204
references.pmid: 15848799
references.citation: Development. 2008 Sep;135(17):2855-64
references.pmid: 18653556
references.citation: Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1204-7
references.pmid: 14976319
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Nov 26;28(48):12700-12
references.pmid: 19036963
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2005 Jun;8(6):730-5
references.pmid: 15880110
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Mar 18;29(11):3404-18
references.pmid: 19295147
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2008 Jul;11(7):762-71
references.pmid: 18536712
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Apr 26;277(17):15207-14
references.pmid: 11844789
references.citation: Neuron. 2001 Oct 11;32(1):39-51
references.pmid: 11604137
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2008 Jan;11(1):28-35
references.pmid: 18066058
references.citation: Cell. 2005 Oct 21;123(2):291-304
references.pmid: 16239146
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2007 Jan 24;27(4):957-68
references.pmid: 17251438
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2007 Feb;10(2):161-8
references.pmid: 17237777
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Mar 22;102(12):4613-8
references.pmid: 15755809
references.citation: Neuron. 2008 Jun 12;58(5):694-707
references.pmid: 18549782
references.citation: Neuron. 2002 Aug 29;35(5):907-20
references.pmid: 12372285
references.citation: Nature. 2005 Apr 14;434(7035):898-904
references.pmid: 15758951
references.citation: Cell. 1996 Jul 12;86(1):35-46
references.pmid: 8689685
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2005 Feb 9;25(6):1540-9
references.pmid: 15703408
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2004 Nov;7(11):1222-32
references.pmid: 15494732
references.citation: Neuron. 2000 Aug;27(2):237-49
references.pmid: 10985345
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Jan 6;403(6765):89-93
references.pmid: 10638759
references.citation: Nature. 1997 Jul 17;388(6639):275-9
references.pmid: 9230436
references.citation: Cell. 1997 Jul 25;90(2):271-80
references.pmid: 9244301
references.citation: Neuron. 2006 Nov 22;52(4):595-607
references.pmid: 17114045
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2007 Feb;10(2):169-76
references.pmid: 17237778
references.citation: Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Feb;2(2):a001818
references.pmid: 20182621
references.citation: Cell. 2000 Apr 28;101(3):283-94
references.pmid: 10847683
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 Mar 22;26(12):3192-205
references.pmid: 16554470
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2004 Mar 24;24(12):3040-50
references.pmid: 15044543
references.citation: Dev Biol. 2000 Dec 15;228(2):151-65
references.pmid: 11112321
references.citation: Genes Dev. 1999 Dec 1;13(23):3125-35
references.pmid: 10601038
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2002 Jul 15;22(14):6019-28
references.pmid: 12122063
references.citation: Dev Biol. 2009 Mar 1;327(1):4-11
references.pmid: 19121301
references.citation: Neuron. 2008 Sep 11;59(5):746-58
references.pmid: 18786358
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2009 Mar;12(3):268-76
references.pmid: 19182796
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2002 Aug 1;22(15):6659-69
references.pmid: 12151545
references.citation: Science. 2001 Mar 9;291(5510):1976-82
references.pmid: 11239160
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2007 Jan 31;27(5):973-80
references.pmid: 17267551
references.citation: Nature. 2005 Apr 14;434(7035):894-8
references.pmid: 15758952
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2005 Dec;8(12):1712-9
references.pmid: 16286926
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2004 Nov;7(11):1204-12
references.pmid: 15494733