title: Muscle variants of the upper and lower limb (with anatomical correlation).
abstract: Several accessory muscles in the upper and lower limb have been described in the medical literature. Most are asymptomatic and represent incidental findings at imaging. In some instances, however, these muscles may become clinically relevant producing palpable swelling, entrapment of neurovascular structures, or exercise-related pain. The diagnosis of accessory muscles is based on recognition of their typical location and on cross-sectional imaging features. Familiarity with their most common location and knowledge of the possible clinical syndromes caused by these supernumerary structures may aid in diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Radiologia-DISC, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy. carlo.martinoli@libero.it
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinoli
authors.forename: Maribel Miguel
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Padua
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Capaccio
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Altafini
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tagliafico
mesh_terms: D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*