title: A case of bilateral lacrimal fistula associated with Down syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital lacrimal fistulae are a developmental disorder and can be associated with other hereditary developmental diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient with Down syndrome presented with events of recurrent dacryocystitis and lacrimal fistulation on 1 eye. A DCR surgery with excision of a fistula had been performed 2 years before. The investigation under general anesthesia also revealed a clinically unrecognized lacrimal fistula on the contralateral side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The case report documents a unique case of bilateral congenital lacrimal fistulae in association with Down syndrome. Dacryocystitis in patients with Down syndrome could result from a congenital lacrimal fistula.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. m.keserue@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keserü
authors.forename: Gisbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galambos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D003607:Dacryocystitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000379:methods*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005402:Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome