title: Racial disparities in primary and reactivation tuberculosis in a rural community in the southeastern United States.
abstract: METHODS
  A rural section of a county in central Florida.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Racial disparities in tuberculosis disease (TB) are substantial in the United States.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if TB was attributable to primary infection, reactivation or both.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based survey of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), a case-control analysis of TB, and a cluster analysis of TB isolates were performed between 1997 and 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 447 survey participants, 135 (30%) had LTBI. Black race was strongly associated with LTBI among US-born (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.3-5.5) and foreign-born subjects (OR 4.3, 95%CI 2.2-8.4). Risk factors for TB included human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; OR 27.4, 95%CI 10.1-74.1), drug use (OR 4.6, 95%CI 1.7-12.4) and Black race (OR 3.4, 95%CI 1.2-9.6). The population risk of TB attributable to Black race was 64%, while that attributable to HIV was 46%. Cluster analysis showed 67% of TB cases were clustered, but Blacks were not at a significantly increased risk of having a clustered isolate (OR 2.1, 95%CI 0.12-36.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both reactivation TB and recent TB transmission were increased among Blacks in this community. Therefore, LTBI screening and intensive contact tracing, both followed by LTBI treatment, will be needed to reduce TB in Blacks.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. modonn@bu.edu
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chamblee
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: von Reyn
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Ellerbrock
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Moreland
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Horsburgh
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D044469:Racial Groups; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012424:Rural Population; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000382:microbiology