title: The nodular form of hepatic tuberculosis: contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings with pathologic correlation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to describe the ultrasonographic findings in hepatic tuberculosis (TB) after administration of a second-generation sulfur hexafluoride-filled microbubble contrast agent and to correlate these findings with pathologic characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four hepatic TB lesions in 15 patients were studied with conventional ultrasonography (CUS) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). Pathologic characteristics of the lesions were evaluated and were then correlated with enhancement patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The appearance of hepatic TB on CUS was variable and nonspecific with respect to the shape, echogenicity, and boundary of the lesions. The diameters of the lesions obtained from CEUS were statistically larger than those from CUS, with largest diameters +/- SD of 4.2 +/- 1.8 and 3.1 +/- 1.9 cm, respectively. During the arterial phase, 13 of 24 lesions (54.2%) showed a rapidly and markedly enhanced rim with a hypoenhanced or nonenhanced center; 9 of 24 lesions (37.5%) showed transient enhancement of the whole lesion with inconsistent intensities. During the portal phase, most lesions showed distinct wash-out of the contrast agent and maintained a hypoechoic appearance. Pathologic studies confirmed that the different appearances of hepatic TB on CEUS were related to the different pathologic stages of the lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings of hepatic TB on CEUS may be helpful in differentiating the diagnosis from other hepatic focal lesions. Correlation with pathologic findings would enrich the understanding of CEUS findings in hepatic TB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Chinese People's Liberation Army 309th Hospital, 17 Heshanhu Rd, 100091 Beijing, China. caobs1021@sina.com
authors.forename: Bing-Sheng
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Xiao-Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhong-Yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010743:Phospholipids; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride; D014386:Tuberculosis, Hepatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010743:Phospholipids; C420843:contrast agent BR1; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride