title: Chronic lateral ankle instability surgical repairs: the long term prospective.
abstract: The present study sought to assess the clinical and radiological results and long-term joint impact of different techniques of lateral ankle ligament reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter retrospective review was performed on 310 lateral ankle ligament reconstructions, with a mean 13-year-follow-up (minimum FU: 5 years). Male subjects (53%) and sports trauma (78%) predominated. Mean duration of instability was 92 months; mean age at surgery was 28 years. Twenty-eight percent of cases showed subtalar joint involvement. Four classes of surgical technique were distinguished: C1, direct capsular ligamentous complex reattachment; C2, augmented repair; C3, ligamentoplasty using part of the peroneus brevis tendon and C4, ligamentoplasty using the whole peroneus brevis tendon. Clinical and functional assessment used Karlsson and Good-Jones-Livingstone scores; radiologic assessment combined centered AP and lateral views, hindfoot weight-bearing Méary views and dynamic views (manual technique, Telos or self-imposed varus).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of results (92%) were satisfactory. The mean Karlsson score of 90 [19-100] (i.e., 87% good and very good results) correlated with the subjective assessment, and did not evolve over time. Postoperative complications (20%), particularly when neurologic, were associated with poorer results. Control X-ray confirmed the very minor progression in degenerative changes, with improved stability; there was, however, no correlation between functional result and residual laxity on X-ray. Unstable and painful ankles showed poorer clinical results and more secondary osteoarthritis. Analysis by class of technique found poorer results in C4-type plasties and poorer control of laxity on X-ray in C1-type tension restoration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results confirm the interest of lateral ankle ligamentoplasty in the management of instability and protection against secondary osteoarthritis, and of precise lesion assessment (CT-scan/MRI) to adapt surgery to the ligamentary and associated lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV. Retrospective therapeutic study.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic and Traumatologic Surgery Department, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges, France. ch-mabit@unilim.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mabit
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tourné
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Besse
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonnel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toullec
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giraud
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Proust
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khiami
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaussard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Genty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017844:Lateral Ligament, Ankle / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome