Cotinine-assessed second-hand smoke exposure and risk of cardiovascular disease in older adults.
OBJECTIVE
To examine whether second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure measured by serum cotinine is associated with increased coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke risk among contemporary older British adults.


METHODS
Prospective population-based study with self-reported medical history and health behaviours. Fasting blood samples were analysed for serum cotinine and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers.


METHODS
Primary care centres in 25 British towns in 1998-2001.


METHODS
8512 60-79-year-old men and women selected from primary care registers.


METHODS
Fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI; n=445) and stroke (n=386) during median 7.8-year follow-up.


METHODS
Observational study of serum cotinine assayed from fasting blood sample using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method, and self-reported smoking history.


RESULTS
Among 5374 non-smokers without pre-existing CVD, geometric mean cotinine was 0.15 ng/ml (IQR 0.05-0.30). Compared with non-smokers with cotinine < or =0.05 ng/ml, higher cotinine levels (0.06-0.19, 0.2-0.7 and 0.71-15.0 ng/ml) showed little association with MI; adjusted HRs were 0.92 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.35), 1.07 (0.73 to 1.55) and 1.09 (0.69 to 1.72), p(trend)=0.69. Equivalent HRs for stroke were 0.82 (0.55 to 1.23), 0.74 (0.48 to 1.13) and 0.69 (0.41 to 1.17), p(trend)=0.065. The adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioural and CVD risk factors had little effect on the results. The HR of MI for smokers (1-9 cigarettes/day) compared with non-smokers with cotinine < or =0.05 ng/ml was 2.14 (1.39 to 3.52) and 1.03 (0.52 to 2.04) for stroke.


CONCLUSIONS
In contemporary older men and women, SHS exposure (predominantly at low levels) was not related to CHD or stroke risks, but we cannot rule out the possibility of modest effects at higher exposure levels.
Jefferis
B J
BJ
UCL Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL Medical School, London, UK. b.jefferis@ucl.ac.uk
Lawlor
D A
DA
Ebrahim
S
S
Wannamethee
S G
SG
Feyerabend
C
C
Doig
M
M
McMeekin
L
L
Cook
D G
DG
Whincup
P H
PH
D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis
D015415:Biomarkers; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine