title: Sex estimation of the Cretan humerus: a digital radiometric study.
abstract: Sex estimation based on measurements of unidentified skeletal remains recovered in crime and death scenes can be accomplished with accuracy. In mass disasters, however, the remains are often fleshed, burned, and/or commingled. As a result, osteometric methods are difficult to apply. In such cases, radiography can be of great use during the examination process. A total of 101 (53 males and 48 females) adult humeri were radiographed using digital equipment (Technix TCA 4R PLUS). Specific measurements were taken on the radiographs and then analyzed. Multivariate discriminant function analysis was applied, and the results showed up to 89.1% classification accuracy. Single variables performed equally well for both epiphyses reaching 86.1% correct group membership. The method proposed here is successful, offering an alternative sex estimation technique applicable to the identification of deceased individuals whose remains are semi-fleshed, burned, mutilated, or otherwise unrecognizable. Specifically, this method is extremely useful when maceration of the remains is not an option.
authors.affiliation: Department of Archaeology, School of History, Classics and Archaeology, The University of Edinburgh, Old High School, 12 Infirmary Str, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. elena.kranioti@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Elena F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Kranioti
authors.forename: Despoina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nathena
authors.forename: Manolis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michalodimitrakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D004838:Epiphyses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D054881:Sex Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data