title: A combined RT-PCR and dot-blot hybridization method reveals the coexistence of SJNNV and RGNNV betanodavirus genotypes in wild meagre (Argyrosomus regius).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect the possible coexistence of striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) genotypes in a single fish, a methodology based on the combination of PCR amplification and blot hybridization has been developed and applied in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The degenerate primers designed for the PCR procedure target the T4 region within the capsid gene, resulting in the amplification of both genotypes. The subsequent hybridization of these amplification products with two different specific digoxigenin-labelled probes resulted in the identification of both genotypes separately. The application of the RT-PCR protocol to analyse blood samples from asymptomatic wild meagre (Argyrosomus regius) specimens has shown a 46.87% of viral nervous necrosis virus carriers. The combination of RT-PCR and blot hybridization increases the detection rate up to 90.62%, and, in addition, it has shown the coexistence of both genotypes in 18 out of the 32 specimens analysed (56.25%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reports the coexistence of betanodaviruses belonging to two different genotypes (SJNNV and RGNNV) in wild fish specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report demonstrating the presence of SJNNV and RGNNV genotypes in the same specimen. This study also demonstrates a carrier state in this fish species for the first time.
authors.affiliation: IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lopez-Jimena
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cherif
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia-Rosado
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Infante
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hammami
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Borrego
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Alonso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D005838:Genotype; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D030381:Nodaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Q000379:methods*; D010473:Perciformes / Q000821:virology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers