title: Mood reactivity to daily events in patients with remitted bipolar disorder.
abstract: Information about mood reactions to naturally occurring stress in remitted bipolar patients may help elucidate the mechanism by which stressors influence the propensity to manic or depressive relapse in these patients. Using the experience sampling method (ESM), we therefore investigated negative and positive mood states and their reactivity to daily hassles and uplifts in 38 outpatients with remitted bipolar disorder and 38 healthy volunteers. Multilevel regression analyses confirmed that mean levels of negative affect (NA) were higher and positive affect (PA) lower in bipolar patients. Reactivity of NA and PA to hassles and uplifts in bipolar patients was similar to controls and was unrelated to the number of previous episodes. Bipolar patients with subsyndromal depressive symptoms, however, showed particularly large NA responses to daily hassles, which they also rated as more stressful. Subsyndromal depressive symptoms in patients with remitted bipolar disorder thus appear to increase sensitivity to everyday stressors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. r.havermans@mondriaan.eu
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Havermans
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nicolson
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berkhof
authors.forename: Marten W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: deVries
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis