title: Soluble isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor are predictors of response to sunitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiogenesis is the target of several agents in the treatment of malignancies, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). There is a real need for surrogate biomarkers that can predict selection of patients who may benefit from antiangiogenic therapies, prediction of disease outcome and which may improve the knowledge regarding mechanism of action of these treatments. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have proven efficacy in metastatic RCC (mRCC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical response to these drugs remain unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present study aimed to identify molecular biomarkers associated with the response to sunitinib, a Tyrosine kinase inhibitor. To evaluate this relationship, primary tumors from 23 metastatic RCC patients treated by sunitinib were analyzed for a panel of 16 biomarkers involved in tumor pathways targeted by sunitinib, using real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. Nine of the 23 patients (39%) responded to sunitinib. Among transcripts analyzed, only the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) soluble isoforms (VEGF(121) and VEGF(165)) were associated with the response to sunitinib (P = 0.04 for both). Furthermore, the ratio of VEGF soluble isoforms (VEGF(121)/VEGF(165)) was significantly associated with prognosis (P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study provides a promising tool that might help in the management of metastatic RCC, and could be extended to other tumors treated by TKI.
authors.affiliation: Inserm, UMRS 940, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paule
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bastien
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deslandes
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cussenot
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Podgorniak
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Allory
authors.forename: Benyoussef
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Naïmi
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Porcher
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de La Taille
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menashi
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mourah
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility / Q000187:drug effects; D000077210:Sunitinib; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011758:Pyrroles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000077210:Sunitinib