title: Association of serum cystatin C with pulse wave velocity, but not pressure wave reflection, in subjects with normal renal function or mild chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted to clarify whether serum cystatin C levels might be associated with not only arterial stiffness, but also the pressure wave reflection, in middle-aged Japanese subjects with normal renal function or mild chronic kidney disease (CKD) (stage 1 or 2 CKD) (i.e., creatinine-based estimate of the glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr) > or =60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) plus a result of the urine dipstick test for proteinuria of <1+).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2,904 Japanese subjects (45 +/- 9 years old), the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), radial augmentation index adjusted to a heart rate of 75 beats/min (rAI75), and serum cystatin C levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that the serum cystatin C levels were significantly correlated with the baPWV (standardized coefficient = 0.04, P < 0.01) even after adjustments for confounding variables, but not with the AI75 (standardized coefficient = 0.01, P = 0.71). adjusted values of the baPWV, but not those of rAI75, were higher in subjects with serum cystatin C levels in the highest tertile than in those with serum cystatin levels in the intermediate or lowest tertile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In middle-aged Japanese subjects with normal renal function or mild CKD (stage 1 or 2 CKD) (eGFRcr >60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) plus a result of the urine dipstick test for proteinuria of <1+), the serum cystatin C levels may reflect facet of cardiovascular risk associated with arterial stiffness, but not that associated with the pressure wave reflection.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Odaira
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomiyama
authors.forename: Chisa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Jiko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiina
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamashina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D055316:Cystatin C; D003404:Creatinine