title: Effective-medium theory of surfaces and metasurfaces containing two-dimensional binary inclusions.
abstract: The paper extends one-body effective-medium theory to incorporate the correct second-order interactions in a two-dimensional Maxwell-Garnett theory. The two-body inclusion problem is solved using the averaged dipole moments that are induced by the scattering electromagnetic field on the medium/inclusion system. By incorporating the appropriate polarizability factor in the solutions, conventional right-handed media with binary embeddings are analyzed while a different form for the polarizability term allows the study of the effective properties of a metasurface. In both cases, it is shown that the two-body coefficient to second order in the low area fraction of inclusions is exact, while the corresponding results of the Maxwell-Garnett and Bruggeman theories are incorrect. This is especially true in the superconducting and holes limits, respectively. In the study of metasurfaces, the requirement for electromagnetic screening of the inclusions as well as the requirement needed to achieve the Fröhlich condition are stated. Negative permittivity and permeability are presented for strong-scattering showing negative resonances for a given frequency spectrum. It is shown that these resonances disappear when we derive the weak-scattering limit. The possibility of obtaining doubly negative effective permittivity and permeability is discussed by using an appropriate polarization for the applied electromagnetic field propagating in the metasurface. Finally, the potential difference and hence voltage and capacitance between binary inclusions is determined for surfaces/metasurfaces which allows, in the case of metasurfaces, the behavior of split-ring-type resonators to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Electronic Warfare and Radar Division, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, PO Box 1500, Edinburgh, South Australia 5111, Australia. aris.alexopoulos@dsto.defence.gov.au
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alexopoulos