title: Economic burden of privately insured non-vertebral fracture patients with osteoporosis over a 2-year period in the US.
abstract: This study assesses the costs of non-vertebral osteoporosis-related fractures patients compared with osteoporosis patients without fractures, focusing on the second year following a fracture. Since fracture patients remained more costly in the second year, their economic burden extends beyond the year in which the fracture occurs.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study is to examine the comorbidity profile, resource use, and direct costs of patients who incur osteoporosis-related non-vertebral (NV) fractures in the United States during the 2 years following an incident fracture, focusing on the second year following a fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Osteoporosis patients (ICD-9-CM: 733.0) with a NV fracture (hip, femur, pelvis, lower leg, upper arm, forearm, rib, and multiple sites) were selected from a privately insured health insurance claims database (>8 million lives, ages 18-64, 1999-2006). These NV fracture patients were randomly matched 1:1 on age, gender, employment status, and geographic region to controls with osteoporosis but without a fracture history. Year-by-year and month-by-month rates of comorbidities, resource use, and direct costs were calculated for the matched sample (N = 3,781).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comorbidity rates and resource use remained significantly higher among NV fracture patients during second year following an NV fracture compared with controls, although absolute rates of comorbidities and service utilization declined. Mean direct excess costs for NV fracture patients fell from $5,267 in the first year to $2,072 in the second year after a fracture, but remained statistically significant (p < 0.01). Patients with fractures of the pelvis, hip, and femur had the highest excess costs in the second year ($5,121, $3,930, and $3,828, respectively). Although hip fractures had highest excess costs over both years, non-vertebral, non-hip fracture patients made up a larger proportion of the sample and were significantly more costly than controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with osteoporosis-related NV fractures have substantial excess costs beyond the first year in which the fracture occurs.
authors.affiliation: Analysis Group, Inc., 111 Huntington Avenue, 10th Floor, Boston, MA 02199, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Birnbaum
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Swallow
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Burge
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Edgell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult