title: Copeptin is associated with mortality and outcome in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for a high mortality and morbidity. Early prediction of outcome is crucial for optimized care and treatment decision. Copeptin, the C-terminal part of provasopressin, has emerged as a new prognostic marker in a variety of diseases, but its prognostic value in ICH is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 40 consecutive patients who were admitted to the hospital within 72 hours after a spontaneous ICH, the plasma copeptin level was measured with a sandwich immunoassay upon admission. The prognostic value of copeptin to predict 30 day mortality and functional outcome after 90 days was assessed. A favorable outcome was defined as a Barthel score above 85 and a score below 3 on the Modified Rankin Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Copeptin correlated positively with hematoma volume (r = 0.32, p < 0.05) and negatively with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission (r = -0.35, p < 0.05). Copeptin levels were higher in patients who died within 30 days than in 30-day survivors (179.0 pmol/l (IQR 33.7- 566.0) vs. 12.9 pmol/l (IQR 5.2 - 42.8), p = 0.003). Copeptin levels were also higher in patients with an unfavorable functional outcome at 90 days compared to patients with a favorable outcome (32.4 pmol/l (IQR 9.5-97.8) vs. 11.9 pmol/l (IQR 3.2-19.8), p = 0.04). For the prediction of death, receiver-operating-characteristics analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) for copeptin of 0.88 (95%CI 0.75-1.00). The predictive value of the copeptin concentration was thus similar to that of GCS (AUC 0.82 (95%CI 0.59-1.00) p = 0.53), of the ICH Score (AUC 0.89, (95%CI 0.76-1.00), p = 0.94) and the ICH Grading Scale (AUC 0.86 (95%CI 0.69-1.00), p = 0.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Copeptin is a new prognostic marker in patients with an ICH. If this finding can be confirmed in larger studies, copeptin might be an additional valuable tool for risk stratification and decision-making in the acute phase of ICH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zweifel
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katan
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schuetz
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siegemund
authors.forename: Nils G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Morgenthaler
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merlo
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christ-Crain
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006020:Glycopeptides; C048197:copeptins