title: Epidemiology and survival of the five stages of chronic kidney disease in a systolic heart failure population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The epidemiology of the five stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in systolic heart failure (HF) patients has predominantly been described in hospitalized White patients, with little known about the prevalence in outpatient Blacks and Hispanics. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of the five stages of CKD by race, ethnicity (Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics), and gender in an outpatient systolic HF population and also to evaluate the impact of CKD on mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We conducted a prospective study of 1301 patients recruited from two hospital facilities in Louisiana and Florida, USA. All patients were enrolled in a systolic HF disease management programme (HFDMP), which enrolled patients with an ejection fraction of < or =40% by echocardiography. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation. Patients were classified into five stages of CKD according to the National Kidney Foundation classification system. A total of 338 patients (26%) were found to have CKD. Patients with CKD were older, more likely to be Hispanics, to have less education, New York Heart Association class III, elevated systolic blood pressure, and diabetes. There was no statistical difference in prevalence by gender. Survival was reduced in patients with CKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of CKD in an outpatient systolic HFDMP is high, with over one in four patients affected. CKD patients had significantly lower survival rates compared with patients without CKD.
authors.affiliation: Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1611 NW 12th Avenue, Jackson Memorial Hospital North Wing 210, Miami, FL 33136, USA. khebert1@gmail.com
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hebert
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Maria Carolina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Emiliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tamariz
authors.forename: Dylan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trahan
authors.forename: Brittny
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Major
authors.forename: Lee M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Arcement
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D054143:Heart Failure, Systolic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010045:Outpatients; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People