title: Effects of IL-6 and AG490 on regulation of Stat3 signaling pathway and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is a member of the Janus-activated kinase(Jak)/Stat signaling pathway. Abnormal activation of Stat3 plays a critical role in metastasis and invasion in varieties of human tumors including pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of activation and blocking of the Stat3 signaling pathway and its effects on invasion and metastasis of human pancreatic cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Jak inhibitor AG490 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were added to the culture media of human pancreatic cancer cells SW1990 and Capan-2, respectively. Cell growth was measured by MTT assays. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry were performed to detect phosphorylated Stat3 (p-Stat3) protein, while VEGF and MMP-2 mRNA and protein expression were examined with fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The invasion ability of SW1990 and Capan-2 cells was determined by cell invasion assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stat3 was activated by IL-6 in Capan-2 cells; protein expression of p-Stat3 was increased significantly in Capan-2 cells. IL-6 remarkably promoted the growth of Capan-2 cells (P < 0.05), and VEGF and MMP-2 mRNA and protein expression were increased significantly. Also, IL-6 increased the invasion ability of Capan-2 cells. AG490 inhibited Stat3 activation in SW1990 cells. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry analysis showed that p-Stat3 protein expression was decreased significantly with AG490 treatment in SW1990 cells. AG490 remarkably inhibited the growth of Capan-2 cells (P < 0.05), and VEGF and MMP-2 mRNA and protein expression was decreased significantly. And AG490 decreased the invasion ability of SW1990 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal activation of Stat3 plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Activation and blocking of the Stat3 signaling pathway can affect invasion ability and expression of the VEGF and MMP-2 genes in pancreatic cancer cells. The Stat3 signaling pathway may provide a novel therapeutic target for treatment of pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Kejian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Zhengjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D020032:Tyrphostins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D020032:Tyrphostins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C095512:alpha-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2