title: Effect of ramosetron on shivering during spinal anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shivering associated with spinal anesthesia is uncomfortable and may interfere with monitoring. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ramosetron, a serotonin-3 receptor antagonist, on the prevention of shivering during spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 52 patients who were ASA I or II and who had undergone knee arthroscopy under spinal anesthesia. Warmed (37 degrees ) lactated Ringer's solution was infused over 15 minutes before spinal anesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated to a control group (group S, N = 26) or study group (group R, N = 26). Spinal anesthesia was performed with a 25-G Quincke-type spinal needle between the lumbar 3-4 interspace with 2.2 ml 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. For patients allocated in groups S and R, 2 ml 0.9% saline and 0.3 mg ramosetron, respectively, was intravenously injected immediately before intrathecal injection at identical times. Shivering and spinal block levels were assessed immediately after the completion of subarachnoid injection, as well as 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after spinal anesthesia. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation were also recorded. Core temperatures were measured by tympanic thermometer and recorded before and during spinal anesthesia at 30-minute intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shivering was observed in 2 patients in group R and 9 patients in group S (P = 0.038, odds ratio = 6.14, 95% C.I. = 1.08-65.5). The difference in core temperature between the groups was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to control, ramosetron is an effective way to prevent shivering during spinal anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Jun Heum
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yon
authors.forename: Sangseok
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee