The decisive role of the patient-side surgeon in robotic surgery.
BACKGROUND
Minimally invasive technology literature is mainly concerned about the feasibility of the robotic procedures and the performance of the console surgeon. However, few of these technologies could be applied without a well-trained team. Our goal was to demonstrate that robotic surgery depends more on the patient-side assistant surgeon's abilities than has been previously reported.


METHODS
In our department, 280 interventions in digestive, thoracic, and gynecological surgery were performed since the acquisition of the robotic equipment. There are three teams trained in robotic surgery with three console surgeons and four certified patient-side surgeons. Four more patient-side assistants were trained at our center. Trocar placement, docking and undocking of the robot, insertion of the laparoscopic instruments, and hemostatic maneuvers with various devices were quantified and compared.


RESULTS
Assistants trained by using animal or cadaver surgery are more comfortable with the robotic instruments handling and with docking and undocking of the robot. Assistants who finalized their residency or attend their final year are more accurate with the insertion of the laparoscopic instrument to the targeted organ and more skillful with LigaSure or clip applier devices. Interventions that require vivid participation of the assistants have shorter assistant-depending time intervals at the end of the learning curve than at the beginning.


CONCLUSIONS
Robotic surgery is a team effort and is greatly dependant on the performance of assistant surgeons. Interventions that have the benefit of a trained team are more rapid and secure.
Sgarbura
Olivia
O
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. olivia.sgarbura@gmail.com
Vasilescu
Catalin
C
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010819:Physician's Role; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012371:Robotics; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative