title: The pathobiology and mechanisms of infection of HPV.
abstract: There are more than 120 types of low-risk and high-risk human papillomaviruses, all of which are epitheliotropic. HPV infection may be latent, or active in a subclinical form or a symptomatic form, the latter manifesting as benign or malignant neoplasms. In basal cells with non-productive HPV infection some early HPV proteins are expressed independently of cell maturation: the productive cycle of HPV replication depends upon specific cellular factors of the maturation of the infected keratinocytes. In HPV-mediated oncogenesis, the combined pathobiological effects of E6 and E7 oncoproteins of high-risk HPV culminate in cellular genomic instability and transformation of persistently infected cells, that progress to the development of a malignant phenotype. In this article we provide insights into the stages of HPV infection, and into the viral genomic organization and replicative cycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Oral Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, South Africa.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: R A G
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Khammissa
authors.forename: U M E
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Chikte
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meyerov
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lemmer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feller
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000821:virology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000821:virology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000821:virology; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053586:Virus Internalization; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins