title: Influence of short-interval intracortical inhibition on short-interval intracortical facilitation in human primary motor cortex.
abstract: Using the paired-pulse paradigm, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has revealed much about the human primary motor cortex (M1). A preceding subthreshold conditioning stimulus (CS) inhibits the excitability of the motor cortex, which is named short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). In contrast, facilitation is observed when the first pulse (S1) is followed by a second one at threshold (S2), named short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF). SICI and SICF have been considered to be mediated by different neural circuits within M1, but more recent studies reported relations between them. In this study, we performed triple-pulse stimulation consisting of CS-S1-S2 to further explore putative interactions between these two effects. Three intensities of CS (80-120% of active motor threshold: AMT) and two intensities of S2 (120 and 140% AMT) were combined. The SICF in the paired-pulse paradigm exhibited clear facilitatory peaks at ISIs of 1.5 and 3 ms. The second peak at 3 ms was significantly suppressed by triple-pulse stimulation using 120% AMT CS, although the first peak was almost unaffected. Our present results obtained using triple-pulse stimulation suggest that each peak of SICF is differently modulated by different intensities of CS. The suppression of the second peak might be ascribed to the findings in the paired-pulse paradigm that CS mediates SICI by inhibiting later I waves such as I3 waves and that the second peak of SICF is most probably related to I3 waves. We propose that CS might inhibit the second peak of SICF at the interneurons responsible for I3 waves.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neurology, Div. of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. yshirota-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirota
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohminami
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furubayashi
authors.forename: Setsu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakatani-Enomoto
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ugawa
authors.forename: Ritsuko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanajima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods