title: The effect of South Asian ethnicity on satisfaction with primary cleft lip and or palate repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of South Asian ethnicity on satisfaction with cleft lip and or palate repair, post-primary repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  All data were gathered from patients attending the adult cleft service in the West Midlands. Subjects had unilateral or bilateral cleft lip with, or without, palatal involvement. Patients were aged between 16 and 65. Clefts were non-syndromic. 15 South Asian and 95 Caucasian subjects were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Satisfaction with cleft repair was assessed using the Satisfaction with Appearance scale (SWA), which is a scale of 0-100. Data gathered were analysed using multiple linear regression with ethnicity, age, gender, cleft type and deprivation score as independent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  South Asians were found to be less satisfied with many aspects of their cleft surgery. Satisfaction with nose and speech were found to be significantly less in the South Asian group compared with the Caucasian group (mean difference >20, p<0.01). Multiple linear regression showed that ethnicity was still significant when adjusted for age, gender, cleft type and deprivation score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found significant differences in levels of satisfaction between South Asian and Caucasian groups, despite a small sample size. These findings highlight the need for further clinically orientated research in this field.
authors.affiliation: NHS Grampian, UK. thomas.reekie@nhs.net
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reekie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D044466:Asian People; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000208:ethnology*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D006113:United Kingdom; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult