title: The metabolic transition during disease following infection of Arabidopsis thaliana by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.
abstract: The outcome of bacterial infection in plants is determined by the ability of the pathogen to successfully occupy the apoplastic space and deliver a constellation of effectors that collectively suppress basal and effector-triggered immune responses. In this study, we examined the metabolic changes associated with establishment of disease using analytical techniques that interrogated a range of chemistries. We demonstrated clear differences in the metabolome of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves infected with virulent Pseudomonas syringae within 8 h of infection. In addition to confirmation of changes in phenolic and indolic compounds, we identified rapid alterations in the abundance of amino acids and other nitrogenous compounds, specific classes of glucosinolates, disaccharides, and molecules that influence the prevalence of reactive oxygen species. Our data illustrate that, superimposed on defence suppression, pathogens reconfigure host metabolism to provide the sustenance required to support exponentially growing populations of apoplastically localized bacteria. We performed a detailed baseline study reporting the metabolic dynamics associated with bacterial infection. Moreover, we have integrated these data with the results of transcriptome profiling to distinguish metabolomic pathways that are transcriptionally activated from those that are post-transcriptionally regulated.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Plant and Microbial Metabolomics, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UKDivision of Biology, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UKInstitute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UKSchool of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
authors.forename: Jane L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Forcat
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Sonia J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Nathaniel D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: Cornelia P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Vermeer
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Wanchang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Truman
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Draper
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mansfield
authors.forename: Murray
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055432:Metabolomics; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D059467:Transcriptome