Dual roles for the variable domain in protein trafficking and host-specific recognition of Heterodera glycines CLE effector proteins.
*Soybean cyst nematodes (Heterodera glycines) produce secreted effector proteins that function as peptide mimics of plant CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE)-like peptides probably involved in the developmental reprogramming of root cells to form specialized feeding cells called syncytia. *The site of action and mechanism of delivery of CLE effectors to host plant cells by the nematode, however, have not been established. In this study, immunologic, genetic and biochemical approaches were used to reveal the localization and site of action of H. glycines-secreted CLE proteins in planta. *We present evidence indicating that the nematode CLE propeptides are delivered to the cytoplasm of syncytial cells, but ultimately function in the apoplast, consistent with their proposed role as ligand mimics of plant CLE peptides. We determined that the nematode 12-amino-acid CLE motif peptide is not sufficient for biological activity in vivo, pointing to an important role for sequences upstream of the CLE motif in function. *Genetic and biochemical analysis confirmed the requirement of the variable domain in planta for host-specific recognition and revealed a novel role in trafficking cytoplasmically delivered CLEs to the apoplast in order to function as ligand mimics.
Wang
Jianying
J
Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Lee
Chris
C
Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Replogle
Amy
A
Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Joshi
Sneha
S
Informatics Institute, Department of Computer Science and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Korkin
Dmitry
D
Informatics Institute, Department of Computer Science and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Hussey
Richard
R
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Baum
Thomas J
TJ
Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Davis
Eric L
EL
Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Wang
Xiaohong
X
USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health and Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Mitchum
Melissa G
MG
Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
D000818:Animals; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D009348:Nematoda / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases; D010940:Plant Proteins; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013025:Glycine max / Q000469:parasitology
D010455:Peptides; D010940:Plant Proteins