title: Intermittent claudication as a predictor of outcome in patients with ischaemic systolic heart failure: analysis of the Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in Heart Failure trial (CORONA).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between baseline intermittent claudication and outcomes in patients enrolled in the Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in Heart Failure trial (CORONA). Intermittent claudication is an independent predictor of worse outcome in coronary heart disease, but its prognostic importance in heart failure (HF) is unknown. Patients aged >or=60 years with NYHA class II-IV, low ejection fraction HF of ischaemic aetiology were enrolled in CORONA. Rosuvastatin did not reduce the primary outcome or all-cause mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To determine whether intermittent claudication was an independent predictor of clinical outcomes, a three-step multivariable model was built: (i) demographic/clinical variables, (ii) biochemical measures added, (iii) high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic-peptide added. Of the 5011 patients, 637 (12.7%) had intermittent claudication at baseline. Patients with intermittent claudication were more likely to be male (83 vs. 75%), be a current smoker (19 vs. 9%), and have diabetes mellitus (36 vs. 29%) relative to those without intermittent claudication. Over a median 33-month follow-up, 2168 patients died or were hospitalized for HF. Patients with intermittent claudication had an increased risk of death (any cause) (adjusted hazard ratio 1.36, 95% CI 1.19-1.56, P < 0.0001), death from worsening HF (1.35, 1.03-1.77, P = 0.028), sudden death (1.24, 1.00-1.54, P = 0.05), and risk of non-fatal or fatal myocardial infarction (time to first event 1.67, 1.24-2.27, P < 0.001). In the full multivariable model, intermittent claudication remained an independent predictor of most outcomes evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intermittent claudication is a relatively common symptom in ischaemic HF and an independent predictor of worse outcome.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT00206310-http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00206310?term=corona&rank=2.
authors.affiliation: BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
authors.forename: Sally C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Inglis
authors.forename: John J V
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McMurray
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schaufelberger
authors.forename: Dirk J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: van Veldhuisen
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dunselman
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjalmarson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kjekshus
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Waagstein
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wedel
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wikstrand
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D054143:Heart Failure, Systolic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis