title: Life-history traits predict species responses to habitat area and isolation: a cross-continental synthesis.
abstract: There is a lack of quantitative syntheses of fragmentation effects across species and biogeographic regions, especially with respect to species life-history traits. We used data from 24 independent studies of butterflies and moths from a wide range of habitats and landscapes in Europe and North America to test whether traits associated with dispersal capacity, niche breadth and reproductive rate modify the effect of habitat fragmentation on species richness. Overall, species richness increased with habitat patch area and connectivity. Life-history traits improved the explanatory power of the statistical models considerably and modified the butterfly species-area relationship. Species with low mobility, a narrow feeding niche and low reproduction were most strongly affected by habitat loss. This demonstrates the importance of considering life-history traits in fragmentation studies and implies that both species richness and composition change in a predictable manner with habitat loss and fragmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Erik.Ockinger@ekol.slu.se
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ockinger
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schweiger
authors.forename: Thomas O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Crist
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Debinski
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuussaari
authors.forename: Jessica D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pöyry
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Settele
authors.forename: Keith S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Summerville
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bommarco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D002080:Butterflies / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D017753:Ecosystem; D016014:Linear Models; D008954:Models, Biological; D009036:Moths / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D012098:Reproduction; D013045:Species Specificity