title: Biocompatibility and mineralization activity of fresh or set white mineral trioxide aggregate, biomimetic carbonated apatite, and synthetic hydroxyapatite.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of apatite formation on tissue contact with white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) and compare this apatite with a synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHAp) in subcutaneous connective tissue of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three Wistar rats were used in this study. Polyethylene tubes filled with WMTA, apatite formed by WMTA (BCAp), and an SHAp along with empty tubes were implanted into dorsal connective tissue of rats for 15, 30, and 60 days. Set MTA covered with BCAp (set MTA/BCAp) was implanted as well. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and von Kossa and evaluated for inflammatory reactions and mineralization through a light microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups evoked a moderate chronic inflammatory reaction at 15 days, which subsided with time. No statistically significant difference was found among the groups (p >.05). BCAp did not stimulate mineralization. WMTA, SHAp, and set MTA/BCAp induced significantly more dystrophic calcification than BCAp (p < .05). WMTA and set MTA/BCAp stimulated the same amount of calcification (p >.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested a possible role of apatite formation on the mineralization induction characteristics of WMTA, which indicated a definite effect on biocompatibility. BCAp produced by WMTA differed from SHAp in mineralization activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tehran Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. fdde44@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Danesh
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tootian
authors.forename: Jahanfar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jahanbani
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rabiee
authors.forename: Simin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fazelipour
authors.forename: Orod
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Taghva
authors.forename: Shahryar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shabaninia
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005355:Fibrosis; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001031:Apatites; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C030782:carboapatite; D017886:Durapatite