title: Resveratrol suppresses IGF-1 induced human colon cancer cell proliferation and elevates apoptosis via suppression of IGF-1R/Wnt and activation of p53 signaling pathways.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity is a global phenomenon and is associated with various types of cancer, including colon cancer. There is a growing interest for safe and effective bioactive compounds that suppress the risk for obesity-promoted colon cancer. Resveratrol (trans-3, 4', 5,-trihydroxystilbene), a stilbenoid found in the skin of red grapes and peanuts suppresses many types of cancers by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis through a variety of mechanisms, however, resveratrol effects on obesity-promoted colon cancer are not clearly established.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the anti-proliferative effects of resveratrol on HT-29 and SW480 human colon cancer cells in the presence and absence of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1; elevated during obesity) and elucidated the mechanisms of action using IGF-1R siRNA in HT-29 cells which represents advanced colon carcinogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resveratrol (100-150 microM) exhibited anti-proliferative properties in HT-29 cells even after IGF-1 exposure by arresting G0/G1-S phase cell cycle progression through p27 stimulation and cyclin D1 suppression. Treatment with resveratrol suppressed IGF-1R protein levels and concurrently attenuated the downstream Akt/Wnt signaling pathways that play a critical role in cell proliferation. Targeted suppression of IGF-1R using IGF-1R siRNA also affected these signaling pathways in a similar manner. Resveratrol treatment induced apoptosis by activating tumor suppressor p53 protein, whereas IGF-1R siRNA treatment did not affect apoptosis. Our data suggests that resveratrol not only suppresses cell proliferation by inhibiting IGF-1R and its downstream signaling pathways similar to that of IGF-1R siRNA but also enhances apoptosis via activation of the p53 pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the first time, we report that resveratrol suppresses colon cancer cell proliferation and elevates apoptosis even in the presence of IGF-1 via suppression of IGF-1R/Akt/Wnt signaling pathways and activation of p53, suggesting its potential role as a chemotherapeutic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 226 Gifford Building, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, USA. Jairam.Vanamala@colostate.edu
authors.forename: Jairam
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vanamala
authors.forename: Lavanya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reddivari
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tarver
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077185:Resveratrol; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; C530104:CCND1 protein, human; C436291:CDKN1B protein, human; C499517:FOXO3 protein, human; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D013267:Stilbenes; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D019938:Cyclin D1; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D000077185:Resveratrol