title: A novel injectable chlorhexidine thermosensitive hydrogel for periodontal application: preparation, antibacterial activity and toxicity evaluation.
abstract: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the application potential of CS-HTCC/GP-0.1%Chx thermosensitive hydrogel which was synthesized using chitosan (CS), quaternized CS, and alpha,beta-glycerophosphate (alpha,beta-GP) loading with 0.1% chlorhexidine (Chx) (w/v) for periodontal treatment. An aqueous solution of CS-HTCC/GP-0.1%Chx was transformed into hydrogel at 6 min when the temperature was increased to 37 degrees C. The scan electron microscopy (SEM) image of the gel was a porous, loose and crosslinked network. In vitro, Chx released over 18 h from the CS-HTCC/GP thermosensitive hydrogel in artificial saliva pH 6.8. Release rate could be controlled through adjustment of alpha,beta-GP or Chx concentration. CS-HTCC/GP-0.1%Chx thermosensitive hydrogel exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against primary periodontal pathogens. CS-HTCC/GP-0.1%Chx thermosensitive hydrogel had no acute toxicity; the maximum tolerated dose in rats was 400 mg/ml. All results indicated that CS-HTCC/GP-0.1%Chx thermosensitive hydrogel is a strong candidate as a local drug delivery system for periodontal treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China. jqx_1@163.com
authors.forename: Qiu Xia
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Qing Sheng
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lü
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004355:Drug Stability; D005260:Female; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008954:Models, Biological; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D013696:Temperature; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004337:Drug Carriers; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D002710:Chlorhexidine