title: Creation of a bacterial cell controlled by a chemically synthesized genome.
abstract: We report the design, synthesis, and assembly of the 1.08-mega-base pair Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0 genome starting from digitized genome sequence information and its transplantation into a M. capricolum recipient cell to create new M. mycoides cells that are controlled only by the synthetic chromosome. The only DNA in the cells is the designed synthetic DNA sequence, including "watermark" sequences and other designed gene deletions and polymorphisms, and mutations acquired during the building process. The new cells have expected phenotypic properties and are capable of continuous self-replication.
authors.affiliation: The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: John I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lartigue
authors.forename: Vladimir N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Noskov
authors.forename: Ray-Yuan
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Mikkel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Algire
authors.forename: Gwynedd A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Benders
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Montague
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Monzia M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moodie
authors.forename: Chuck
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Merryman
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vashee
authors.forename: Radha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krishnakumar
authors.forename: Nacyra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Assad-Garcia
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andrews-Pfannkoch
authors.forename: Evgeniya A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Denisova
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Zhi-Qing
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Segall-Shapiro
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Calvey
authors.forename: Prashanth P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Parmar
authors.forename: Clyde A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.forename: Hamilton O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J Craig
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Venter
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D001483:Base Sequence; D057005:Bioengineering; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D045623:Mycoplasma capricolum / Q000235:genetics*; D009176:Mycoplasma mycoides / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010641:Phenotype; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial