title: One-year treatment with exenatide vs. insulin glargine: effects on postprandial glycemia, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of one-year treatment with exenatide or Insulin Glargine, followed by a 5-week off-drug period, on postprandial lipidaemia, glycaemia and measures of oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes were randomised (using apermuted block randomisation scheme stratified by site and baseline HbA(1c) stratum (< or = 8.5% or >8.5%) of which 60 completed (exenatide n=30; Insulin Glargine n=30) the pre-treatment and on-drug meal test. Postprandial glucose, lipids and lipoproteins, and oxidative stress markers were studied at week -1, 51, and after a 5-week off-drug period following a breakfast and lunch mixed-meal containing 50 g fat, 75 g carbohydrates, and 35 g protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  51-Week exenatide treatment resulted in a significant reduction of prandial glucose, triglycerides, apo-B48, calculated VLDL-C, FFA and MDA excursions whereas Insulin Glargine predominantly reduced fasting glucose, FFA and MDA. Changes in markers of oxidative stress were related to changes in postprandial glucose and triglyceride excursions, independent of treatment arm. All postprandial measures returned to pre-treatment values in both groups after 5-week cessation of study treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exenatide showed beneficial effects on postprandial glycaemia and lipidaemia, and these effects were related to changes in the oxidative stress markers MDA and oxLDL during one year of treatment as compared to Insulin Glargine. Following cessation of both exenatide and Insulin Glargine measures returned to pre-treatment values, suggesting that ongoing treatment is necessary to maintain the beneficial effects of either therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mathijs C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bunck
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cornér
authors.forename: Bjorn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eliasson
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: Rimma M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Shaginian
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Hannele
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yki-Järvinen
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diamant
authors.forename: Marja-Riitta
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Taskinen
mesh_terms: D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48 / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005060:Europe; D000077270:Exenatide; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D019518:Postprandial Period; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014688:Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D000077270:Exenatide; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008055:Lipids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D010455:Peptides; D014280:Triglycerides; D014688:Venoms; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein