title: Undergraduate educational environment, perceived preparedness for postgraduate clinical training, and pass rate on the National Medical Licensure Examination in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the views of newly graduating physicians on their preparedness for postgraduate clinical training, and evaluated the relationship of preparedness with the educational environment and the pass rate on the National Medical Licensure Examination (NMLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from 2429 PGY-1 physicians-in-training (response rate, 36%) using a mailed cross-sectional survey. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) inventory was used to assess the learning environment at 80 Japanese medical schools. Preparedness was assessed based on 6 clinical areas related to the Association of American Medical Colleges Graduation Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 17% of the physicians-in-training felt prepared in the area of general clinical skills, 29% in basic knowledge of diagnosis and management of common conditions, 48% in communication skills, 19% in skills associated with evidence-based medicine, 54% in professionalism, and 37% in basic skills required for a physical examination. There were substantial differences among the medical schools in the perceived preparedness of their graduates. Significant positive correlations were found between preparedness for all clinical areas and a better educational environment (all p < 0.01), but there were no significant associations between the pass rate on the NMLE and perceived preparedness for any clinical area, as well as pass rate and educational environment (all p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different educational environments among universities may be partly responsible for the differences in perceived preparedness of medical students for postgraduate clinical training. This study also highlights the poor correlation between self-assessed preparedness for practice and the NMLE.
authors.affiliation: Mito Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. tokuyasu@orange.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Otaki
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Omata
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obara
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soejima
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohde
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Tsuguya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukui
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003479:Curriculum; D003625:Data Collection; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004522:Educational Status; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008007:Licensure, Medical; D010465:Perception; D012577:Schools, Medical; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires