title: Effects of temperature and wave conditions on chemical dispersion efficacy of heavy fuel oil in an experimental flow-through wave tank.
abstract: The effectiveness of chemical dispersants (Corexit 9500 and SPC 1000) on heavy fuel oil (IFO180 as test oil) has been evaluated under different wave conditions in a flow-through wave tank. The dispersant effectiveness was determined by measuring oil concentrations and droplet size distributions. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model indicated that wave type and temperature significantly (p<0.05) affected the dynamic dispersant effectiveness (DDE). At higher temperatures (16 degrees C), the test IFO180 was effectively dispersed under breaking waves with a DDE of 90% and 50% for Corexit 9500 and SPC 1000, respectively. The dispersion was ineffective under breaking waves at lower temperature (10 degrees C), and under regular wave conditions at all temperatures (10-17 degrees C), with DDE<15%. Effective chemical dispersion was associated with formation of smaller droplets (with volumetric mean diameters or VMD < or = 200 microm), whereas ineffective dispersion produced large oil droplets (with VMD > or = 400 microm).
authors.affiliation: COOGER, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. Zhengkai.Li@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
authors.forename: Zhengkai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Michel C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boufadel
authors.forename: Albert D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Venosa
mesh_terms: D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005648:Fuel Oils / Q000032:analysis*; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005648:Fuel Oils; D008055:Lipids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C470995:corexit 9500