title: Using signage to promote stair use on a university campus in hidden and visible stairwells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study tested the effectiveness of a stair use promotion strategy in visible and hidden stairwells during intervention and post intervention follow up.
  
  
  METHODS
  A quasi-experimental study design was used with a 1 week baseline, a 3 week intervention, and post intervention at 2 and 4 weeks in 4 university buildings in San Antonio, Texas with stairwells varying in visibility. Participants were students, faculty, staff, and visitors to the 4 buildings. A total of 8431 observations were made. The intervention incorporated motivational signs with direction to nearby stairwells placed by elevators to promote stair use. Stair and elevator use was directly observed and recorded. Logistic regression analyses were used to test whether stair versus elevator use varied by intervention phase and stairwell visibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stair use increased significantly (12% units) during the intervention period and remained above baseline levels during post intervention follow-up. At baseline, visible stairs were 4 times more likely to be used than hidden stairs; however, the increase in stair use during intervention was similar in both types of stairwells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Motivational and directional signage can significantly increase stair use on a university campus. Furthermore, stairwell visibility is an important aspect of stair use promotion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Wellness, Arizona State University Polytechnic, Mesa, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Megan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Grimstvedt
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: Sara B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Oswalt
authors.forename: Donovan L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Fogt
authors.forename: Tiffanye M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Vargas-Tonsing
authors.forename: Zenong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009043:Motor Activity; D016017:Odds Ratio; D040241:Social Marketing; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013781:Texas; D014495:Universities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*