title: Suboptimal adherence to darunavir/ritonavir has minimal effect on efficacy compared with lopinavir/ritonavir in treatment-naive, HIV-infected patients: 96 week ARTEMIS data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine how treatment adherence differences in ARTEMIS (96 week analysis) affected clinical outcome, and to assess factors impacting adherence.
  
  
  METHODS
  ARTEMIS is a Phase III trial, in HIV-1-infected treatment-naive patients, comparing efficacy and safety of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir (800/100 mg) versus lopinavir/ritonavir (800/200 mg total daily dose), each with a fixed-dose background tenofovir and emtricitabine regimen. Self-reported treatment adherence was assessed using the Modified Medication Adherence Self-Report Inventory (M-MASRI). In post-hoc analyses, mean adherence from weeks 4-96 was used to assess overall adherence for each patient, and transformed into a binary variable (>95% , adherent; < or = 95% , suboptimally adherent).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall adherence was high: 83% of darunavir/ritonavir-treated patients and 78% of lopinavir/ritonavir-treated patients were >95% adherent. The difference in virological response rate for adherent versus suboptimally adherent patients was smaller for darunavir/ritonavir (6% difference: 82% versus 76%, P = 0.3312) than for lopinavir/ritonavir (25% difference: 78% versus 53%, P < 0.0001). In suboptimally adherent patients, a higher virological response rate was seen with darunavir/ritonavir (76%) versus lopinavir/ritonavir (53%) (P < 0.01). Suboptimally adherent patients (both treatment groups) reported more adverse events (AEs), including gastrointestinal AEs, than adherent patients. Darunavir/ritonavir had a lower rate of AEs, including gastrointestinal AEs, than lopinavir/ritonavir, in adherent and suboptimally adherent patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suboptimal adherence had no significant effect on the virological response rate with once-daily darunavir/ritonavir treatment. In contrast, the lopinavir/ritonavir response rate was significantly reduced in suboptimally adherent patients compared with adherent patients. Once-daily darunavir/ritonavir resulted in a higher virological response rate in suboptimally adherent patients compared with lopinavir/ritonavir.
authors.affiliation: Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK. mark.nelson@chelwest.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Pierre-Marie
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Demasi
authors.forename: Liddy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smets
authors.forename: Vanitha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sekar
authors.forename: Ludo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lavreys
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000069454:Darunavir; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D061466:Lopinavir; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D013449:Sulfonamides; D061466:Lopinavir; D019438:Ritonavir; D000069454:Darunavir