title: Biomarkers in neonatal infection.
abstract: Infected newborn infants are often difficult to differentiate from patients suffering from noninfective diseases. Whilst delaying treatment with antibiotics of infected infants may be fatal, widespread indiscriminate use in all cases with suspected bacterial infection could lead to both drug-induced complications and the development of multidrug-resistant organisms. Conventional biomarkers, such as blood cell counts and morphology, have serious limitations. Investigators in this area of research have, therefore, made strenuous efforts to discover more reliable biomarkers with superior diagnostic utilities and clinically relevant characteristics to help neonatal clinicians differentiate between infected and noninfected infants. The major classes of biomarkers in neonatal infection of recent interest will be discussed, including: acute phase reactants, cytokines, chemokines and leukocyte surface antigens. The application of these biomarkers to derive prognostic information useful to neonatal clinicians will also be considered.
authors.affiliation: The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Paediatrics, 6/F Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Hugh S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Pak C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ng