title: Increasing negative emotions by reappraisal enhances subsequent cognitive control: a combined behavioral and electrophysiological study.
abstract: To what degree do cognitively based strategies of emotion regulation impact subsequent cognitive control? Here, we investigated this question by interleaving a cognitive task with emotion regulation trials, where regulation occurred through cognitive reappraisal. In addition to obtaining self-reports of emotion regulation, we used the late positive potential (LPP) of the event-related brain potential as an objective index of emotion regulation. On each trial, participants maintained, decreased, or increased their emotional response to an unpleasant picture and then responded to a Stroop stimulus. Results revealed that (1) the magnitude of the LPP was decreased with reappraisal instructions to decrease negative emotion and were enhanced with reappraisal instructions to increase negative emotion; (2) after cognitive reappraisal was used to increase the intensity of negative emotion, RT interference in the subsequent Stroop trial was significantly reduced; and (3) increasing negative emotions by reappraisal also modulated the cognitive control-related sustained potential. These results suggest that increasing negative emotions by cognitive reappraisal heightens cognitive control, which may be sustained for a short time after the regulation event.
authors.affiliation: University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA. jmoser@msu.edu
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Steven B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Most
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Simons
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D057190:Stroop Test; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult