Crystal structure of fatty acid amide hydrolase bound to the carbamate inhibitor URB597: discovery of a deacylating water molecule and insight into enzyme inactivation.
The endocannabinoid system regulates a wide range of physiological processes including pain, inflammation, and cognitive/emotional states. URB597 is one of the best characterized covalent inhibitors of the endocannabinoid-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Here, we report the structure of the FAAH-URB597 complex at 2.3 A resolution. The structure provides insights into mechanistic details of enzyme inactivation and experimental evidence of a previously uncharacterized active site water molecule that likely is involved in substrate deacylation. This water molecule is part of an extensive hydrogen-bonding network and is coordinated indirectly to residues lining the cytosolic port of the enzyme. In order to corroborate our hypothesis concerning the role of this water molecule in FAAH's catalytic mechanism, we determined the structure of FAAH conjugated to a urea-based inhibitor, PF-3845, to a higher resolution (2.4 A) than previously reported. The higher-resolution structure confirms the presence of the water molecule in a virtually identical location in the active site. Examination of the structures of serine hydrolases that are non-homologous to FAAH, such as elastase, trypsin, or chymotrypsin, shows a similarly positioned hydrolytic water molecule and suggests a functional convergence between the amidase signature enzymes and serine proteases.
Mileni
Mauro
M
Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Kamtekar
Satwik
S
Wood
David C
DC
Benson
Timothy E
TE
Cravatt
Benjamin F
BF
Stevens
Raymond C
RC
D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002219:Carbamates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D014867:Water; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases
D000581:Amidohydrolases; D001549:Benzamides; D002219:Carbamates; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014867:Water; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases; C500528:cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester