title: Nonlinear mixed effects models applied to cumulative concentration-response curves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In experimental pharmacology, drug effect studies currently establish and analyse cumulative concentration-response curves (CCRC) under repeated measurements designs. Usually the CCRC parameters are estimated using the Hill's function in a nonlinear regression for independent data. The two-way analysis of variance is generally used to identify a statistical difference between the responses for two treatments but that analysis does not take into account the nonlinearity of the model and the heteroscedasticity (uneven distribution) of the data. We presently tested the possibility of finding a statistical solution for the nonlinear response in repeated measurements data using the nonlinear mixed effects (nlme) models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental data sets, originating from studies on beta-adrenoceptor-induced relaxation in rat thoracic aorta ring, were analysed using the nlme methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison with classical methods showed the superiority of the nlme models approach. For each pharmacological parameter (E(m), n, pD(2)), a point estimate, a standard error and a confidence interval are returned by the nlme procedures respecting the assumption of independency and normality of the residuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the method presently described, it is now possible to detect significant differences for each pharmacological parameter estimated in different situations, even for designs with small samples size (i.e. at least six complete curves).
authors.affiliation: UPSP 5304 de Physiopathologie Animale et Pharmacologie Fonctionnelle, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes Atlantique, ONIRIS, Nantes, France. chantal.thorin@oniris-nantes.fr
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thorin
authors.forename: Mohamed Yassine
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Mallem
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noireaud
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gogny
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Desfontis
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010600:Pharmacology / Q000379:methods*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000502:physiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta