title: Feasibility study of oral cyclophosphamide salvage therapy for the treatment of heavily pretreated patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with relapsed ovarian cancer, the objectives of salvage therapy are considered to be maintenance of quality of life and prolongation of patient survival. Chemotherapy using oral agents could be a good choice for salvage therapy. We reassessed the usefulness of oral cyclophosphamide (CPA) salvage therapy for heavily pretreated patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the effects and toxicities of 100 mg oral dose (50 mg twice a day) of CPA for 14 patients who had undergone an average of 3 chemotherapy treatments before enrolling in our study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient showed partial response and 8 developed stable diseases. Median time to progression was 3 months (range 1-13 months) and median survival was 7 months (range 2-28 months). Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 3/4 adverse effects were leukopenia (7.1%), neutropenia (14.3%), thrombocytopenia (7.1%), and nausea/vomiting (21.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although moderate gastrointestinal toxicity was observed, oral CPA therapy contributed to improving the survival of heavily pretreated patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. A well-designed phase II trial in this regard is awaited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan. watanabe@med.kindai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Tomomaro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Etoh
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Wei-Min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshiai
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D003520:Cyclophosphamide