title: Accuracy and complications using computer-designed stereolithographic surgical guides for oral rehabilitation by means of dental implants: a review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the last decade several stereolithographic guided surgery systems were introduced to the market. In this context, scientific information regarding accuracy of implant placement and surgical and prosthodontical complications is highly relevant as it provides evidence to implement this surgical technique in a clinical setting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review data on accuracy and surgical and prosthodontical complications using stereolithographical surgical guides for implant rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed database was searched using the following keywords: "three dimensional imaging,""image based surgery,""flapless guided surgery,""customized drill guides,""computer assisted surgery,""surgical template," and "stereolithography." Only papers in English were selected. Additional references found through reading of selected papers completed the list.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total 31 papers were selected. Ten reported deviations between the preoperative implant planning and the postoperative implant locations. One in vitro study reported a mean apical deviation of 1.0 mm, three ex vivo studies a mean apical deviation ranging between 0.6 and 1.2 mm. In six in vivo studies an apical deviation between 0.95 and 4.5 mm was found. Six papers reported on complications mounting to 42% of the cases when stereolithographic guided surgery was combined with immediate loading.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substantial deviations in three-dimensional directions are found between virtual planning and actually obtained implant position. This finding and additionally reported postsurgical complications leads to the conclusion that care should be taken whenever applying this technique on a routine basis.
authors.affiliation: Tandkliniek Sint-Lievens-Houtem, Sint-Lievens-Houtem, Belgium. jdhaese@base.be
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: D'haese
authors.forename: Tommie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van De Velde
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Komiyama
authors.forename: Margaretha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hultin
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: De Bruyn
mesh_terms: D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D061827:Dimensional Measurement Accuracy; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D023861:Photography, Dental; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015050:Zygoma / Q000601:surgery