Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors from marine resources: prospects in the pharmaceutical industry.
Hypertension or high blood pressure is one of the major independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (EC 3.4.15.1; ACE) plays an important physiological role in regulation of blood pressure by converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Therefore, the inhibition of ACE activity is a major target in the prevention of hypertension. Recently, the search for natural ACE inhibitors as alternatives to synthetic drugs is of great interest to prevent several side effects and a number of novel compounds such as bioactive peptides, chitooligosaccharide derivatives (COS) and phlorotannins have been derived from marine organisms as potential ACE inhibitors. These inhibitory derivatives can be developed as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals with potential to prevent hypertension. Hence, the aim of this review is to discuss the marine-derived ACE inhibitors and their future prospects as novel therapeutic drug candidates for treat hypertension.
Wijesekara
Isuru
I
Marine Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea. isurumatara@yahoo.com
Kim
Se-Kwon
SK
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015195:Drug Design; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D013634:Tannins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001688:Biological Products; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010455:Peptides; D013634:Tannins