title: The effect of diet on total antioxidant status, ceruloplasmin, transferrin and ferritin serum levels in phenylketonuric children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of diet on total antioxidative status (TAS), transferrin, ferritin and ceruloplasmin serum levels in phenylketonuric (PKU) children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen poorly controlled PKU children underwent clinical and laboratory examinations before, 'off diet', and 60 days after adhering to their special diet 'on diet', whereas controls (N = 24) were examined once. Blood chemistry was performed with the appropriate methodologies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phenylalanine levels differed significantly among the examined groups. Lipids and lipoproteins were higher in 'off diet' than in 'on diet' group, except of high density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein AI that remained unaffected. Total antioxidative status (386 ± 30 vs 204 ± 23 μmol/L, p < 0.001), ferritin (48.2 ± 2.3 vs 33.0 ± 2.8 μg/L, p < 0.001) and ceruloplasmin (40.02 ± 2.5 vs 25.5 ± 2.8 mg/dL, p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in 'on diet' patients' group compared to 'off diet' one. The low lipoprotein and the high TAS and ferritin levels in patients with PKU 'on diet' may be related to the vegetarian diet and the rich in iron formula supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low ferritin levels found in 'off diet' patients with PKU may be attributed to a decreased liver production of ceruloplasmin, which evaluation may be a useful tool for the follow-up of patients with PKU.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Health Research Centre, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Kleopatra H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Schulpis
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papastamataki
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stamou
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papassotiriou
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Margeli
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002570:Ceruloplasmin / Q000032:analysis; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000097:blood; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000097:blood; D014168:Transferrin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014168:Transferrin; D010649:Phenylalanine; D003300:Copper; D005293:Ferritins; D002570:Ceruloplasmin