title: Nanobacteria: a possible etiology for type III prostatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nanobacteria are thought to be a pathopoiesis bacterium in urological disease. We observed pathological changes in nanobacteria infected prostates in Sprague-Dawley(R) rats and investigated the possible etiological relationships of nanobacteria and type III prostatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomized 40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats each to the control and model groups. Rat prostate infection models were reproduced by infusing nanobacteria suspension transurethrally. Rats were sacrificed 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks later, respectively. Prostatic pathology, and the cytokines interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were assessed. Nanobacteria isolation, culture and characterization were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In model rats we observed prostatic acute inflammatory changes 1 to 2 weeks after nanobacteria infusion and chronic inflammatory changes after 4 weeks. At 8 weeks we noted microcalculous formation in the prostatic glandular cavity in 7 of the 10 model rats, which was not seen in controls. Interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in prostatic tissues were higher in model rats than in controls at different time points (p <0.01). In model rats interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were higher 2 weeks after infusion than at 1, 4 and 8 weeks (p <0.05). Prostatic tissue was nanobacteria positive in 35 model rats and in 0 controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nanobacteria may be an important etiological factor for type III prostatitis.
authors.affiliation: Urological Research Institute of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuecheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhansong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha