title: A geothermal-linked biological oasis in Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.
abstract: Hundreds of active and dormant geothermal vents have been located on the floor of Yellowstone Lake, although characterization of the associated biology (macro or micro) has been extremely limited. Herein, we describe an aquatic moss (Fontinalis) colony closely associated with vent emissions that considerably exceeded known temperature maxima for this plant. Vent waters were supersaturated with CO(2), likely accommodating a CO(2) compensation point that would be expected to be quite elevated under these conditions. The moss was colonized by metazoa, including the crustaceans Hyalella and Gammarus, a segmented worm in the Lumbriculidae family, and a flatworm specimen tentatively identified as Polycelis. The presence of these invertebrates suggest a highly localized food chain that derives from the presence of geothermal inputs and thus is analogous to the deep marine vents that support significant biodiversity.
authors.affiliation: Eastern Oceanics, West Redding, CT, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lovalvo
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Clingenpeel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McGinnis
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Macur
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Varley
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Inskeep
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glime
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nealson
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: McDermott
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000254:growth & development*; D000818:Animals; D019068:Bryopsida / Q000254:growth & development*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D020387:Food Chain; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis; D045482:Hot Springs / Q000469:parasitology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000254:growth & development*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014419:Turbellaria / Q000254:growth & development*; D014959:Wyoming
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide