title: Toxicological evaluation of z24, a novel indolin-2-ketone compound, in cultured human liver cells using toxicogenomic techniques.
abstract: The current study was designed to investigate the toxicity of 3Z-3-[((1)H-pyrrol-2-yl)-methylidene]-1-(1-piperidinylmethyl)-1, 3-2H-indol-2-one (Z24), a novel synthetic indolin-2-ketone small molecule compound, using toxicogenomic techniques (complementary DNA [cDNA] microarray). Bioinformatic analysis suggested that the main functions of genes with altered expression were consistent with liver cell regeneration, apoptosis, metabolism of energy and fat, and the death receptor (DR)-mediated apoptosis-signaling pathway. Death receptor 4, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, caspase 3, and cytochrome C, which are involved in the DR-mediated apoptosis-signaling pathway, were altered after Z24 treatment as determined by Western blotting analysis. When hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2 cells) treated with Z24 at 0.248 mmol/L for 24 hours, DNA fragmentation reached a maximum, and examination of cell morphology showed typical signs of apoptosis. These results indicate that Z24 can initiate apoptosis in hepatocytes, which in turn causes hepatotoxicity. A possible toxicological mechanism is that apoptosis was induced in hepatocytes by initiating the DR-mediated signal transduction pathway. Apoptosis of hepatocytes might lead to impairment of energy and lipid metabolism and provoke hepatocyte necrosis or inflammation, resulting in hepatotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850 PR China.
authors.forename: Quanjun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jianyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Baohua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Chunqi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zhibing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Shouzhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Benli
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mingyang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017931:DNA Primers; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008698:Mesylates / Q000633:toxicity*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000633:toxicity*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C504089:(3Z)-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-methyllidene)-1-(1-(piperidylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one mesylate; D017931:DNA Primers; D008698:Mesylates; D011758:Pyrroles