title: Enhanced growth of lactobacilli in soymilk upon immobilization on agrowastes.
abstract: Cell immobilization is an alternative to microencapsulation for the maintenance of cells in a liquid medium. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of agrowastes from durian (Durio zibethinus), cempedak (Artocarpus champeden), and mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) as immobilizers for lactobacilli grown in soymilk. Rinds from the agrowastes were separated from the skin, dried, and ground (150 microm) to form powders and used as immobilizers. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that lactobacilli cells were attached and bound to the surface of the immobilizers. Immobilized cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus FTDC 1331, L. acidophilus FTDC 2631, L. acidophilus FTDC 2333, L. acidophilus FTDC 1733, and L. bulgaricus FTCC 0411 were inoculated into soymilk, stored at room temperature (25 degrees C) and growth properties were evaluated over 168 h. Soymilk inoculated with nonimmobilized cells was used as the control. Utilization of substrates, concentrations of lactic and acetic acids, and changes in pH were evaluated in soymilk over 186 h. Immobilized lactobacilli showed significantly better growth (P < 0.05) compared to the control, accompanied by higher production of lactic and acetic acids in soymilk. Soymilk containing immobilized cells showed greater reduction of soy sugars such as stachyose, raffinose, sucrose, fructose, and glucose compared to the control (P < 0.05).
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Univ. Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sue-Siang
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.forename: Rosma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Wan-Nadiah
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Wan-Abdullah
authors.forename: Min-Tze
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Liong
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000383:Agriculture / Q000191:economics; D031622:Artocarpus; D035161:Bombacaceae; D018914:Cells, Immobilized; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005524:Food Technology / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit; D029762:Garcinia mangostana; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D050296:Microbial Viability; D019936:Probiotics / Q000378:metabolism; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods; D041942:Soy Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019342:Acetic Acid