title: Synergistic effects of NAT2 slow and GSTM1 null genotypes on carcinogen DNA damage in the lung.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polymorphisms in carcinogen detoxification enzymes, NAT2 and GSTM1, have been suggested as susceptibility factors for DNA damage and lung cancer. However, little information is available on DNA adduct burden in the lung tissue and polymorphisms in NAT2 and GST genes. We investigated the independent and combined effects of the metabolic gene polymorphisms of NAT2 and GSTs on DNA adduct formation in different tissues (lung and blood) in lung cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA adducts were measured in lung and blood by the (32)P-postlabeling assay. Multiple regression models were used to assess adjusted percent change in DNA adduct levels associated with GST and NAT2 genotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for potential confounders, as well as for other GST gene variants, lung adduct levels significantly increased by 150.3% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 35.4-362.6%] for the GSTM1 null and by 73.9% (95% CI, -3.2% to 212.4%) for the NAT2 slow acetylator genotype, respectively. No association was seen with polymorphisms of other GST genes such as GSTT1 and GSTP1. The high-risk group, the combined GSTM1 null plus NAT2 slow, had significantly enhanced levels of lung adducts by 295% (95% CI, 72.7-803.5%) over those associated with single genes, suggesting a synergistic effect on DNA damage in the target lung tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in DNA adduct levels in lung is associated with the GSTM1 null and NAT2 slow genotypes alone or in combination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that GSTM1 and NAT2 genotypes play an independent and interactive role in the formation of carcinogen DNA adduct in the lung.
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Mi-Sun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Christiani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; D018736:DNA Adducts; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human