title: Stimulus control of lingual predatory luring and related foraging tactics of mangrove saltmarsh snakes (Nerodia clarkii compressicauda).
abstract: Knowledge of the various cues that elicit natural behavior is important to our understanding of why and when animals behave as they do. In order to gain insight into the behavior and ecology of Nerodia clarkii compressicauda, a piscivorous snake that uses a unique form of predatory luring as a foraging tactic, we observed 22 juvenile subjects in the presence of visual and chemical prey stimuli in a repeated-measures design. The use of video playback as a visual stimulus in this experiment permitted complete isolation from tactile and chemical cues. Snakes were more sedentary and used lingual luring more when both cue types were present than when none or only one of the cues was available. Subjects also attacked more often in the presence of both stimuli. Predatory attacks by prey-naïve subjects directed to video cues when only visual prey stimuli were available demonstrated that snakes can identify prey visually without prior experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. khansknecht@lander.edu
authors.forename: Kerry A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hansknecht
authors.forename: Gordon M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Burghardt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D012911:Snakes; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception