The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act 2008: What clinicians should understand.
OBJECTIVE
To explain the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), what it covers, and what it does not cover to aid primary care practitioners in advising their patients.


METHODS
Governmental agencies, congressional records, and various nongovernmental agencies, press releases, and journal articles.


CONCLUSIONS
The GINA will protect patients from employment and insurance information in multiple ways. However, loopholes exist which will need to be addressed at the next review of the Act in 6 years.


CONCLUSIONS
In order to provide accurate information regarding genetic testing, clinicians need to be familiar with key factors about GINA regarding law, practice, impact on patients and their rights in terms of genetic testing.
Clifton
Jennifer M
JM
College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. jennifer.clifton@nurs.utah.edu
VanBeuge
Susan S
SS
Mladenka
Christine
C
Wosnik
Kelly K
KK
D022126:Access to Information / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004651:Employment / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D030661:Genetic Privacy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D011287:Prejudice; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014481:United States