title: Simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic drugs at neutral sample pH: a novel electro-mediated microextraction approach.
abstract: The simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic analytes from a particular sample is a challenging task. In this work, electromembrane extraction (EME) of acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and basic β-blockers in a single step was carried out for the first time. It was shown that by designing an appropriate compartmentalized membrane envelope, the two classes of drugs could be electrokinetically extracted by a 300 V direct current electrical potential. This method required only a very short 10-min extraction time from a pH-neutral sample, with a small amount (50 μL) of organic solvent (1-octanol) as the acceptor phase. Analysis was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after derivatization of the analytes. Extraction parameters such as extraction time, applied voltage, pH range, and concentration of salt added were optimized. The proposed EME technique provided good linearity with correlation coefficients from 0.982 to 0.997 over a concentration range of 1-200 μg L⁻¹. Detection limits of the drugs ranged between 0.0081 and 0.26 μg L⁻¹, while reproducibility ranged from 6 to 13% (n=6). Finally, the application of the new method to wastewater samples was demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Chanbasha
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Basheer
authors.forename: Jingyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pedersen-Bjergaard
authors.forename: Knut Einar
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Hian Kee
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D020003:1-Octanol / Q000737:chemistry; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D020003:1-Octanol