title: TRial of an Educational intervention on patients' knowledge of Atrial fibrillation and anticoagulant therapy, INR control, and outcome of Treatment with warfarin (TREAT).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with a high risk of stroke are recommended anticoagulation with warfarin. However, the benefit of warfarin is dependent upon time spent within the target therapeutic range (TTR) of their international normalised ratio (INR) (2.0 to 3.0). AF patients possess limited knowledge of their disease and warfarin treatment and this can impact on INR control. Education can improve patients' understanding of warfarin therapy and factors which affect INR control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial of an intensive educational intervention will consist of group sessions (between 2-8 patients) containing standardised information about the risks and benefits associated with OAC therapy, lifestyle interactions and the importance of monitoring and control of their International Normalised Ratio (INR). Information will be presented within an 'expert-patient' focussed DVD, revised educational booklet and patient worksheets. 200 warfarin-naïve patients who are eligible for warfarin will be randomised to either the intervention or usual care groups. All patients must have ECG-documented AF and be eligible for warfarin (according to the NICE AF guidelines). Exclusion criteria include: aged < 18 years old, contraindication(s) to warfarin, history of warfarin USE, valvular heart disease, cognitive impairment, are unable to speak/read English and disease likely to cause death within 12 months. Primary endpoint is time spent in TTR. Secondary endpoints include measures of quality of life (AF-QoL-18), anxiety and depression (HADS), knowledge of AF and anticoagulation, beliefs about medication (BMQ) and illness representations (IPQ-R). Clinical outcomes, including bleeding, stroke and interruption to anticoagulation will be recorded. All outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and 1, 2, 6 and 12 months post-intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More data is needed on the clinical benefit of educational intervention with AF patients receiving warfarin.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ISRCTN93952605.
authors.affiliation: University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK.
authors.forename: Danielle E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Christian Borg
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Xuereb
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Pattison
authors.forename: Gregory Y H
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
authors.forename: Deirdre A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin