title: Intervention effects of information and self-regulation on eating fruits and vegetables over two years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study tested whether an intervention that combined information with self-regulation strategies had a better effect on eating fruits and vegetables than an information-only intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women between age 30 and 50 (N = 255) participated in a 24-month randomized controlled trial comparing two brief interventions: All participants received the same information intervention; participants in the information plus self-regulation group additionally learned a self-regulation technique that integrates mental contrasting with implementation intentions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants reported in daily diaries how many servings of fruits and vegetables they ate per day during 1 week at baseline, and in the first week, 1, 2, 4, and 24 months after intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in both groups ate more fruits and vegetables (0.47 to 1.00 daily servings) than at baseline during the first 4 months after intervention. Two years later, participants in the information plus self-regulation group maintained the higher intake, whereas participants in the information group returned to baseline levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding self-regulation training to an information intervention increased its effectiveness for long-term behavior change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Columbia University, Psychology Department, 1190 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA. stadler@psych.columbia.edu
authors.forename: Gertraud
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oettingen
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gollwitzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001245:Association Learning; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology*; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005638:Fruit; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D014675:Vegetables