title: Muscle injury of the chest wall and upper extremity.
abstract: Most muscle trauma more commonly involves the lower extremity, but injury to the chest wall, particularly the pectoralis major, is well recognized. Trauma to the upper limb muscle-tendon unit is preserved. Development of complications from muscle injury is also discussed. This article systematically reviews the clinical features, pathogenesis, imaging findings, and management for upper limb and chest wall muscle injuries. Imaging modalities focus on magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in specific situations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Melanie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hopper
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tirman
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries*; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000293:injuries; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D035441:Thoracic Wall / Q000293:injuries*