title: Prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence in healthy pregnant Brazilian women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physiological and anatomical changes of pregnancy are risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence (UI) in healthy pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in pregnant Brazilian women who enrolled in the primary health-care system in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil. Face-to-face interview and completion of two-part questionnaire were administered and done which evaluated the presence of LUTS pre- and during pregnancy. The data were analyzed by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred pregnant women were enrolled ranging from first to third trimester. LUTS present in 63.8% in these women; the main associated risk factors were multiparity and prepregnancy LUTS as well as smoking, constipation, and daily coffee intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of UI during pregnancy is high, highlighting the presence of the risk factors associated with UI during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: University of Brasilia (UnB), SQN 210, Bloco B, Apto 517, Asa Norte, Brasília, 70862-020, Brazil. martinsgise@gmail.com
authors.forename: Gisele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Zaida A S G
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: José Antônio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.forename: João Luiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Amaro
authors.forename: Katherine N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult