title: Features of Stroop and reverse-Stroop interference: analysis by response modality and evaluation.
abstract: Stroop interference (the Stroop effect) is the phenomenon observed when naming the color of an incongruent stimulus, such as the word "red" printed in blue ink; typically, this color incongruence causes slower naming compared to a neutral stimulus, such as a blue square patch. Reverse-Stroop interference occurs when reading the stimulus takes longer than reading the neutral stimulus. Features of Stroop and reverse-Stroop interference were examined, focusing on the difference between the response modalities--oral response and manual response--and the difference between methods of evaluating performance (time or correct responses) and the interference score. Participants were 47 students (30 women, 17 men; M age=20.8 yr., range=19-29). The results were as follows: (1) the performance of the reverse-Stroop condition was higher than that of the Stroop condition for both oral and manual responses; (2) the Stroop interference score was significantly greater with the oral response than with the manual response; and (3) the reverse-Stroop interference score was constant regardless of the response modality. The results were discussed with respect to differences in processing speeds of verbal and sensory information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Needs Education, Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Nukuikita-machi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan. m091207w@u-gakugei.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okuzumi
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kokubun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003118:Color Perception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012660:Semantics; D057190:Stroop Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D055815:Young Adult