title: Efficient inhibition of lung cancer in murine model by plasmid-encoding VEGF short hairpin RNA in combination with low-dose DDP.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  VEGF is a well-validated target for antiangiogenic intervention in cancer. To date, RNAi technology has been proven to be a promising approach for targeted therapy. DDP is frequently used as a first-line drug in chemotherapy for lung cancer but usually causes severe toxicity. In this study, we investigated a novel strategy of administering and combining RNAi mediated VEGF-targeted therapy with DDP for treatment of lung cancer, with the aim of increasing efficacy and decreasing toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, a plasmid encoding VEGF shRNA was constructed to knockdown VEGF both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, specificity and potency of the targeting sequence were validated in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells by RT-PCR and ELISA assays. In vivo, therapy experiments were conducted on nude mice bearing A549 xenograft tumors. The VEGF shRNA expressing plasmids were administered systemically in combination with low-dose DDP on a frequent basis. The tumor volume and weight were measured. MVD, the number of apoptotic cells and proliferation index in tumor tissues were assessed by CD31, TUNEL and PCNA immunostaining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VEGF shRNA was highly effective in attenuating VEGF expression both in vitro and in vivo. The treatment with the VEGF shRNA alone reduced the mean tumor weight by 49.40% compared with the blank control (P < 0.05). The treatment with the VEGF shRNA plus DDP yielded maximal benefits by reducing the mean tumor weight by 83.13% compared with the blank control (P < 0.01). The enhanced antitumor efficacy was associated with decreased angiogenesis and increased induction of apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated synergistic antitumor activity of combined VEGF shRNA expressing plasmids and low-dose DDP with no overt toxicity, suggesting potential applications of the combined approach in the treatment of lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yong P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yu Q
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Hong X
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D002945:Cisplatin