title: Norepinephrine spillover during exercise as a novel parameter to evaluate the severity of heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The washout rate (WR) of (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is now widely used for assessing the severity of heart failure. Although the WR of MIBG is usually measured at rest, the assessment of WR of MIBG during exercise might have a different clinical relevance. In this study, we measured the WR rate of MIBG during low-grade exercise and studied the clinical importance of this novel index.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were enrolled in this study. Planar images were obtained 20 minutes after MIBG injection (first image) and after 270 minutes (second image); the third image was obtained after 15 minutes of low-grade (10 W) bicycle ergometer exercise (300 minutes after MIBG injection). The decay of the specific counts was calculated from the first two images. The estimated third counts were calculated from the resting decay and were compared with the actual third counts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, we set a 10% decrease from the estimated counts as a cut-off value for severe heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] Class IIm or worse). In 15 patients, the actual third count value was within 10% of the estimated count (N-group). In nine patients, the WR during exercise was high, and the actual third count values showed more than a 10% decrease from the estimated count value (H-group). In the H-group, 78% of the patients were in NYHA class IIm or III. In contrast, in the N-group, no patient had NYHA class III, and only 20% of the patients were in class IIm. The brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level was significantly higher in the H-group than in the N-group (525 ± 263 pg/mL vs 176 ± 144 pg/mL; P < .01). No significant differences were observed in heart/mediastinal (H/M) activity ratio, the regular WR, and left ventricular ejection fraction values between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The WR of MIBG during exercise may be an independent prediction variable, with a clinical relevance different from that of the WR at rest. This measurement could be used as a new index for assessing the severity of heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hino
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yasuma
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Masunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
mesh_terms: D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D009638:Norepinephrine