title: Total ankle arthroplasty in France.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After more than 10 years' experience in France, the French Foot Surgery Association (Association française de chirurgie du pied [AFCP]) presents an update on mobile-bearing ankle prostheses, based on a multicenter study. META-ANALYSIS - BIOMECHANICS - ASSESSMENT AND INDICATIONS: A preliminary comparative meta-analysis of the literature studies on ankle and prosthesis biomechanics, reviews validated indications and contra-indications, and details clinical and radiological outcomes assessment protocols.
  Sixty-three surgeons (95% AFCP members) answered a professional online survey, by email or regular post: 70% performed total ankle replacement (TAR), 39% of them at least two per year and 16% more than 10 per year, resulting in 317 TARs per year or 50% of the French activity and 312 arthrodeses per year or 17% of the French activity - which gave the survey considerable power. In 2004-2005, 46% of the TARs implanted were AES, 38% Salto and 9% Hintegra.
  This study included two series of patients (15 in Brussels and six in Paris) with laboratory gait analysis preoperatively and at 6 months' and 1 year's FU. Following TAR, speed, cadence and strides increased and mean total work approximated normal values. These two independent studies quantified the advantages of TAR over arthrodesis.
  This retrospective study had a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Results were not distinguished between the four types of prosthesis (approved by the French Healthcare Agency [HAS]) involved. Inclusion criteria for operators were: AFCP membership, and experience of more than 20 prostheses of a given type. Twelve out of 15 centers responded and undertook to include continuous series. Data were centralized on a dedicated anonymous online site. Five hundred and ninety-two TARs (388 Salto, 173 AES, 22 Hintegra, nine Star) in 555 patients (mean age, 56.4 years; range 17-84 yrs) were included. Indications were post-traumatic arthritis (48%), arthritis associated with laxity (15%), inflammatory arthropathy (20%), primitive arthritis (9%), prosthetic revision (2%), and miscellaneous (5%). Sixty-one percent of operations included associated procedures: 208 Achilles lengthenings, 45 subtalar arthrodeses, nine calcaneal osteotomies and 45 lateral ligament reconstructions. Complications comprised 53 malleolar fractures, and 39 cutaneous and seven infections (9%). At a mean 37 months' FU, 87.5% of patients were satisfied or very satisfied; mean functional score was 82.1/100; radiographic mobility, 23.2 degrees ; and total SF 36 score (on the Short Form Health Survey), 66. X-ray found stable anchorage in 98% of cases, cysts in 15%, and calcification in 4%.
  Overall cumulated survivorship was 88% at 71 months: 22 patients underwent arthrodesis (61% satisfied), and 10 implant replacement (50% satisfied).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This multioperator, multi-implant series of 592 patients confirmed literature data. Prospective follow-up of the cohorts managed in these expert centers is essential, in order to make available long-term data.
authors.affiliation: INRETS, LBMC UMRT 9406, Lyon 1 University, Lyon-Sud Hospital, 69495 Pierre-Bénite cedex, France. jean-luc.besse@chu-lyon.fr
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Besse
authors.forename: J-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Colombier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Asencio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonnin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gaudot
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jarde
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Judet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maestro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lemrijse
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toullec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007595:Joint Prosthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012086:Reoperation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome