"Scalp block" during craniotomy: a classic technique revisited.
Local anesthesia of the nerves of the scalp is referred to as "scalp block." This technique was originally introduced more than a century ago, but has undergone a modern rebirth in intraoperative and postoperative anesthetic management. Here, we review the use of "scalp block" during craniotomy with its anatomic basis, historical evolution, current technique, potential advantages, and pitfalls. We also address its current and potential future applications.
Osborn
Irene
I
Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. irene.osborn@mountsinai.org
Sebeo
Joseph
J
D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D000075202:Contraindications; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D005546:Forehead / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D012535:Scalp / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation
D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine