title: Transcutaneous vaccination using a hydrogel patch induces effective immune responses to tetanus and diphtheria toxoid in hairless rat.
abstract: Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) targeting the Langerhans cells (LCs) of the epidermal layer is a promising needle-free, easy-to-use, and non-invasive vaccination method. We developed a hydrogel patch formulation to promote the penetration of antigenic proteins into the stratum corneum. Here, we investigated the characteristics of the immune responses induced by this vaccination method and the vaccine efficacy of TCI using a hydrogel patch containing tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. Our TCI system induced toxoid-specific IgG production in an antigen dose-, patch area-, and application period-dependent manner. Moreover, IgG subclass analysis indicated that our TCI predominantly elicited a Th2-type immune response rather than a Th1-type immune response. Importantly, our TCI system induced antigen-specific immune memory based on the booster effect and showed potent efficacy, comparable to that of subcutaneous immunization in toxin-challenge experiments. On the basis of these results, we are now performing translational research to apply TCI for tetanus and diphtheria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Ying-Shu
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kamiyama
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Shinsaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin / Q000276:immunology; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D020100:Hydrogels; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D051381:Rats; D054772:Rats, Hairless; D013744:Tetanus Toxin / Q000276:immunology; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D057968:Transdermal Patch; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004167:Diphtheria Toxin; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D020100:Hydrogels; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D013744:Tetanus Toxin; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid