title: Lupus genes at the interface of tolerance and autoimmunity.
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and heterogeneous autoimmune disease of unclear etiology. However, it is widely accepted that the pathogenesis of SLE has a strong genetic component. Over the past 30 years, studies in mice and humans have uncovered many genes that are thought to be implicated in SLE development. Despite its heterogeneity, SLE is characterized primarily by high titers of autoantibodies to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. Over the years, this feature has led investigators to conclude that SLE develops, in part, as a consequence of a generalized loss of immune tolerance. This article reviews the genetics of SLE in the context of a breach of immune tolerance.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology) and Immunology, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. sergio.calixto@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Sergio M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Calixto
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mohan