title: Phytotoxicity and naphthenic acid dissipation from oil sands fine tailings treatments planted with the emergent macrophyte Phragmites australis.
abstract: During reclamation the water associated with the runoff or groundwater flushing from dry stackable tailings technologies may become available to the reclaimed environment within an oil sands lease. Here we evaluate the performance of the emergent macrophyte, common reed (Phragmites australis), grown in chemically amended mature fine tailings (MFT) and simulated runoff/seepage water from different MFT drying treatments. The present study also investigated the phytotoxicity of the concentration of oil sands naphthenic acids (NAs) in different MFT drying chemical treatments, in both planted and unplanted systems. We demonstrate that although growth was reduced, the emergent macrophyte common reed was capable of growing in diluted unamended MFT runoff, as well as in diluted runoff from MFT amended with either 0.25% lime and gypsum or 0.5% gypsum. Common reed can thus assist in the dewatering process of oil sands MFT. However, simulated runoff or seepage waters from chemically amended and dried MFT were phytotoxic, due to combined levels of salts, naphthenic acids and pH. Phytoremediation of runoff water/ground water seepage from dry-land applied MFT will thus require pre-treatment in order to make conditions more favorable for plant growth.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Headley
authors.forename: Kerry M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Peru
authors.forename: Randy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mikula
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Germida
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010578:Petroleum; D006109:Poaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010087:Oxides; D010578:Petroleum; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C016538:lime; D002133:Calcium Sulfate; C046170:naphthenic acid