title: Estimating tuberculosis case detection rate in resource-limited countries: a capture-recapture study in Egypt.
abstract: METHODS
  Most countries endemic and highly endemic for tuberculosis (TB) still do not have reliable TB surveillance systems. Indirect estimation of TB incidence is needed to monitor the performance of the National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) in the context of the World Health Organization implementation and impact targets for TB control.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the case detection rate (CDR) of all TB cases and sputum smear-positive TB cases in Egypt in 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Record linkage and three-source capture-recapture analysis of data collected through active prospective longitudinal surveillance within the public and private non-NTP sector in four Egyptian governorates selected by stratified cluster random sampling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all TB cases, the estimated CDR of NTP surveillance and completeness of case ascertainment after record linkage was respectively 55% (95%CI 46-68) and 62% (95%CI 52-77). For sputum smear-positive TB cases, these proportions were respectively 66% (95%CI 55-75) and 72% (95%CI 60-82).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study shows that representative sampling, prospective surveillance in the non-NTP sector, record linkage and capture-recapture analysis can improve CDR estimation. For global, standardised and reliable use, this methodology should be further developed. Until then, all resource-limited countries should strengthen their national surveillance systems in the context of the Stop TB strategy.
authors.affiliation: Stop TB Unit, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt. bassilia@emro.who.int
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bassili
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: El-Mohgazy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galal
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Glaziou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seita
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abubakar
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bierrenbach
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Crofts
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: van Hest
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008498:Medical Record Linkage / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult