title: NFkappaB-dependent regulation of urokinase plasminogen activator by proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract: effect on invasion by prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Tumor invasion and metastasis present major obstacles to successful control of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Cell migration is a fundamental aspect of cancer cell metastasis. Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system is implicated in cell migration and cancer metastasis and has potential to be developed as therapeutic target. In recent years, efficacy of dietary nutrients in preventing and curing cancer has gained increasing attention. One such promising candidate is proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract (GSE). We investigated the efficacy of GSE in regulating uPA expression and cell migration using highly metastatic androgen-independent PC3 prostate cancer cells as a model. GSE down-regulated uPA as a function of concentration. Additional studies showed that GSE inhibited DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB), which in turn decreased NFkappaB-dependent uPA transcription. Invasion assays revealed the inhibitory effect of GSE on PC3 cell migration. These in-vitro experiments demonstrate the therapeutic property of GSE as an antimetastatic agent by targeting uPA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.forename: Radha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madhyastha
authors.forename: Harishkumar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Madhyastha
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhungana
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Sayuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.forename: Masugi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maruyama
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D016328:NF-kappa B; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C013221:proanthocyanidin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator