title: Enhanced bioavailability of eicosapentaenoic acid from fish oil after encapsulation within plant spore exines as microcapsules.
abstract: Benefits of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can be enhanced by raising their bioavailability through microencapsulation. Pollen can be emptied to form hollow shells, known as exines, and then used to encapsulate material, such as oils in a dry powder form. Six healthy volunteers ingested 4.6 g of fish oil containing 20% EPA in the form of ethyl ester first alone and then as 1:1 microencapsulated powder of exines and fish oil. Serum bioavailability of EPA was measured by area under curve (AUC(0-24)). The mean AUC(0-24) of EPA from ethyl ester with exine (M = 19.7, SD = 4.3) was significantly higher than ethyl ester without exines (M = 2, SD = 1.4, p < 0.01).The bioavailability of EPA is enhanced by encapsulation by pollen exines.
authors.affiliation: Hull Royal Infirmary, Michael White Diabetes Centre, 220-236 Anlaby Road, HU3 2RW, Hull, UK. ammar.wakil@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ammar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wakil
authors.forename: Grahame
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diego-Taboada
authors.forename: J Gordon
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Atkin
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002214:Capsules; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D032502:Lycopodium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005395:Fish Oils; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid