title: Surgical management of acute cholecystitis at a tertiary care center in the modern era.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The advent of laparoscopy has changed the paradigm of surgical training and care delivery for the treatment of patients with acute cholecystitis (AC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective data collection and analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of AC at a tertiary care center from January 1, 2002, to January 1, 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the study period, 923 patients were admitted with a primary diagnosis of AC. One hundred fourteen patients were excluded from the study because of missing data, medical management, incomplete operative notes or documents, or metastatic gastrointestinal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient demographics, preoperative morbidity, procedures (medical and surgical), and postoperative outcomes were statistically analyzed using chi(2) test, t test, and analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight hundred nine patients (87.6%) with a primary diagnosis of AC underwent surgery by 44 surgeons. Procedures included 663 laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LCs) (82.0%), 9 open cholecystectomies (1.1%), 51 conversions from LC to open cholecystectomy (6.3%), and 86 cholecystostomy tube placements (10.6%). During the study period, cholecystostomy tube placements increased, while open cholecystectomies and conversions from LC to open cholecystectomy decreased (P < .05). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was associated with significantly better outcomes, including shorter postsurgical stay (2.2 vs 6.3 days for other modalities) and fewer complications (8.5% vs 17.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on 5-year results from a tertiary care center, LC was performed with a low conversion rate to open surgery and was associated with decreased morbidity and mortality compared with other surgical modalities to treat AC. Our data confirm the benefits and widespread use of LC in the modern era, reflecting changes in the training paradigm and learning curve for laparoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Surgery Outcomes Analysis and Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
authors.forename: Jason T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wiseman
authors.forename: Maia N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sharuk
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cahan
authors.forename: Demetrius E M
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Litwin
authors.forename: Jennifer F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Shimul A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D041881:Cholecystitis, Acute / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002767:Cholecystostomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007440:Intubation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States