title: Surveillance and modification of immunosuppression minimizes BK virus nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infection of a transplanted kidney with the polyomavirus, BK, is associated with poor allograft survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an attempt to prevent this transplant complication, we studied 144 consecutive transplant recipients for the presence of BK infection with plasma and urine PCR testing at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months. Viruria alone was followed by serial studies. If plasma PCR became positive at >2.6 log copies, mycophenolate was reduced until there was no detectable plasma viral load.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urine PCR was positive in 34 (24%), while plasma PCR turned positive in 22 cases (15%). No patients developed viremia with <6.8 log copies in the urine. Viremia resolved within 3 months or less in 20 of 22 patients after reduction of immunosuppression. Surveillance biopsies at 2 and 6 months revealed no BK nephropathy. Eight patients had acute rejection during reduced immunosuppression; however, all of these reversed with pulse steroids. Patient and graft survival at 1 year was 99 and 98%, respectively. Use of the cell-mediated immunity assay (ImmuKnow, Columbia, Md., USA) was not useful in identifying infected patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Active surveillance for BK virus by urine/plasma PCR with prompt reduction in immunosuppression can prevent BK nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Transplant Services, Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center, Portland, OR 97210, USA. bennettw@lhs.org
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ridenour
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Batiuk
mesh_terms: D001739:BK Virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000652:urine; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000652:urine; D019562:Viral Load / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents