The association between change in body mass index and upper aerodigestive tract cancers in the ARCAGE project: multicenter case-control study.
Previous studies reported an inverse relationship between body mass index (BMI) and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers. Examining change in BMI over time may clarify these previous observations. We used data from 2,048 cases and 2,173 hospital- and population-based controls from ten European countries (alcohol-related cancers and genetic susceptibility in Europe study) to investigate the relationship with BMI and adult change in BMI on UADT cancer risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for associations between BMI at three time intervals and BMI change on UADT cancer development, adjusting for center, age, sex, education, fruit and vegetable intake, smoking and alcohol consumption. We found an inverse relationship between UADT cancers and BMI at time of interview and 2 years before interview. No association was found with BMI at 30 years of age. Regarding BMI change between age 30 and 2 years before interview, BMI decrease (BMI change <-5%) vs. BMI stability (-5% ≤ BMI change <5%) showed no overall association with UADT cancers (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.89, 1.49). An increase in BMI (BMI change ≥+5%) was inversely associated with UADT cancers (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.62, 0.89). BMI gain remained inversely associated across all subsites except for esophageal cancer. When stratified by smoking or by drinking, association with BMI gain was detected only in drinkers and smokers. In conclusion, BMI gain is inversely associated with UADT cancers. These findings may be influenced by smoking and/or drinking behaviors and/or the development of preclinical UADT cancers and should be corroborated in studies of a prospective nature.
Park
Sungshim Lani
SL
Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Lee
Yuan-Chin Amy
YC
Marron
Manuela
M
Agudo
Antonio
A
Ahrens
Wolfgang
W
Barzan
Luigi
L
Bencko
Vladimir
V
Benhamou
Simone
S
Bouchardy
Christine
C
Canova
Cristina
C
Castellsague
Xavier
X
Conway
David I
DI
Healy
Claire M
CM
Holcátová
Ivana
I
Kjaerheim
Kristina
K
Lagiou
Pagona
P
Lowry
Raymond J
RJ
Macfarlane
Tatiana V
TV
Macfarlane
Gary J
GJ
McCartan
Bernard E
BE
McKinney
Patricia A
PA
Merletti
Franco
F
Pohlabeln
Hermann
H
Richiardi
Lorenzo
L
Simonato
Lorenzo
L
Sneddon
Linda
L
Talamini
Renato
R
Trichopoulos
Dimitrios
D
Znaor
Ariana
A
Brennan
Paul
P
Hashibe
Mia
M
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking