title: Statin-associated muscle-related adverse effects: a case series of 354 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the properties and natural history of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin)-associated muscle-related adverse effects (MAEs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient-targeted postmarketing adverse-effect surveillance approach coupling survey design with an open-ended narrative.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated health care system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred fifty-four patients (age range 34-86 yrs) who self-reported muscle-related problems associated with statin therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with perceived statin-associated MAEs completed a survey assessing statin drugs and dosages; characteristics of the MAEs; time course of onset, resolution, or recurrence; and impact on quality of life (QOL). Cases were assessed for putative drug adverse-effect causality by using the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale criteria and were evaluated for inclusion in groups for which mortality benefit with statins has been shown. Patients reported muscle pain (93%), fatigue (88%), and weakness (85%). Three hundred patients (85%) met literature criteria for probable or definite drug adverse-effect causality. Ninety-four percent of atorvastatin usages (240/255) generated MAEs versus 61% of lovastatin usages (38/62, p<0.0001). Higher potency statins reproduced MAEs in 100% of 39 rechallenges versus 73% (29/40) with lower potency rechallenges (p<0.01). Time course of onset after statin initiation varied (median 14 wks); some MAEs occurred after long-term symptom-free use. Recurrence with rechallenge had a significantly shorter latency to onset (median 2 wks). The MAEs adversely affected all assessed functional and QOL domains. Most patients with probable or definite MAEs were in categories for which available randomized controlled trial evidence shows no trend to all-cause mortality benefit with statin therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study complements available information on the properties and natural history of statin-associated MAEs, affirming dose dependence and strong QOL impact. The data indicating a dose-dependent relationship between MAE risk and recurrence suggest lower potency statins or discontinuation may bear consideration for ameliorating symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0995, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cham
authors.forename: Marcella A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Julie O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Denenberg
authors.forename: Beatrice A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Golomb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D011788:Quality of Life; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors