title: In vivo expansion of naive and activated CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cell populations in interleukin-2-treated HIV patients.
abstract: HIV-1 infection is characterized by a progressive decline in CD4(+) T cells leading to a state of profound immunodeficiency. IL-2 therapy has been shown to improve CD4(+) counts beyond that observed with antiretroviral therapy. Recent phase III trials revealed that despite a sustained increase in CD4(+) counts, IL-2-treated patients did not experience a better clinical outcome [Abrams D, et al. (2009) N Engl J Med 361(16):1548-1559]. To explain these disappointing results, we have studied phenotypic, functional, and molecular characteristics of CD4(+) T cell populations in IL-2-treated patients. We found that the principal effect of long-term IL-2 therapy was the expansion of two distinct CD4(+)CD25(+) T cell populations (CD4(+)CD25(lo)CD127(lo)FOXP3(+) and CD4(+)CD25(hi)CD127(lo)FOXP3(hi)) that shared phenotypic markers of Treg but could be distinguished by the levels of CD25 and FOXP3 expression. IL-2-expanded CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells suppressed proliferation of effector cells in vitro and had gene expression profiles similar to those of natural regulatory CD4(+)CD25(hi)FOXP3(+) T cells (Treg) from healthy donors, an immunosuppressive T cell subset critically important for the maintenance of self-tolerance. We propose that the sustained increase of the peripheral Treg pool in IL-2-treated HIV patients may account for the unexpected clinical observation that patients with the greatest expansion of CD4(+) T cells had a higher relative risk of clinical progression to AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Fabrice A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Letimier
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carriere
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maiella
authors.forename: Vladimira
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Donkova-Petrini
authors.forename: Brice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Targat
authors.forename: Arndt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benecke
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rogge
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018450:Disease Progression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit