title: Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy by on-line hemodiafiltration: a case series study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is thought that a good survival rate of patients with acute liver failure can be achieved by establishing an artificial liver support system that reliably compensates liver function until the liver regenerates or a patient undergoes transplantation. We introduced a new artificial liver support system, on-line hemodiafiltration, in patients with acute liver failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case series study was conducted from May 2001 to October 2008 at the medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care academic medical center. Seventeen consecutive patients who admitted to our hospital presenting with acute liver failure were treated with artificial liver support including daily on-line hemodiafiltration and plasma exchange.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 4.9 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- SD) on-line hemodiafiltration sessions, 16 of 17 (94.1%) patients completely recovered from hepatic encephalopathy and maintained consciousness for 16.4 +/- 3.4 (7-55) days until discontinuation of artificial liver support (a total of 14.4 +/- 2.6 [6-47] on-line hemodiafiltration sessions). Significant correlation was observed between the degree of encephalopathy and number of sessions of on-line HDF required for recovery of consciousness. Of the 16 patients who recovered consciousness, 7 fully recovered and returned to society with no cognitive sequelae, 3 died of complications of acute liver failure except brain edema, and the remaining 6 were candidates for liver transplantation; 2 of them received living-related liver transplantation but 4 died without transplantation after discontinuation of therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On-line hemodiafiltration was effective in patients with acute liver failure, and consciousness was maintained for the duration of artificial liver support, even in those in whom it was considered that hepatic function was completely abolished.
authors.affiliation: Critical Care and Emergency Center and Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Minami-ku, Japan. s_arata@yokohama-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinju
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arata
authors.forename: Katsuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moriwaki
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Mitsugi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D017583:Hemodiafiltration / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D055815:Young Adult