title: Bifid condyle: review of the literature of the last 10 years and report of two cases.
abstract: Bifid mandibular condyle is a rare anomaly; there are several theories about its etiology, and it has been studied in both prehistoric and historic skulls, as well as in living human beings. It is a frequent, although unexpected, finding in asymptomatic individuals during radiological treatment. Presented here is a review of the literature over the past 10 years and two new cases of unilateral bifid condyle. Computerized tomography is usually considered the test of choice for establishing the differential diagnosis, although in certain cases, its use seems questionable. The distinction between bifid condyle and condylar notch or cleft has been described in the literature, it is proposed a criteria for defining bifid condyle depending on the level of the two heads. It is suggested that further testing such as MRI or CT be carried out only in cases where the therapeutic approach involves an active treatment. It is proposed that bifid condyle is described as that which presents two condylar heads emerging from the neck of the condyle or further down.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-López
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ayuso-Montero
authors.forename: Enric Jané
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Roselló-Llabrés
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017090:Occlusal Splints; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed