title: Effectiveness of sodium alginate as a submucosal injection material for endoscopic mucosal resection in animal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although various solutions are being tested for submucosal injection during endoscopic resection, ideal solution has not been established yet. We performed an animal study to evaluate the possibility of sodium alginate as an ideal submucosal injection solution for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).
  
  
  METHODS
  To compare the lesion-lifting properties of different solutions, injection was done to the submucosal layer of porcine stomach. Then the height of mucosal elevation was measured. In addition, EMR was performed after submucosal injection of sodium alginate solution in six dogs. Two were euthanized after 30 minutes of endoscopic observation while the others were euthanized after 1-4 weeks. Retrieved stomachs were examined microscopically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sodium alginate and sodium hyaluronate solutions maintained longer elevation of the submucosal layer than other solutions. There was no significant difference in the height between two solutions. A clear separation of the mucosal layer from the proper muscle layer was achieved by injecting sodium alginate solution. Histological examination of EMR-induced artificial ulcers revealed no apparent tissue damage and showed normal healing process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sodium alginate solution creates a sufficient submucosal fluid cushion without apparent tissue damage. It can be considered as an effective submucosal injection material.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Digestive Research, SoonChunHyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Eun
authors.forename: Joo Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: In Seop
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Bong Min
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Soo Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Chang Beom
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Jin Oh
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Joon Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Moon Sung
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chan Sup
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Boo Sung
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim