title: Potency trends of Δ9-THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated cannabis preparations from 1993 to 2008.
abstract: The University of Mississippi has a contract with the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) to carry out a variety of research activities dealing with cannabis, including the Potency Monitoring (PM) program, which provides analytical potency data on cannabis preparations confiscated in the United States. This report provides data on 46,211 samples seized and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) during 1993-2008. The data showed an upward trend in the mean Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC) content of all confiscated cannabis preparations, which increased from 3.4% in 1993 to 8.8% in 2008. Hashish potencies did not increase consistently during this period; however, the mean yearly potency varied from 2.5-9.2% (1993-2003) to 12.0-29.3% (2004-2008). Hash oil potencies also varied considerably during this period (16.8 ± 16.3%). The increase in cannabis preparation potency is mainly due to the increase in the potency of nondomestic versus domestic samples.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Zlatko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mehmedic
authors.forename: Suman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Desmond
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Slade
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Denham
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Amit S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Samir A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Ikhlas A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mahmoud A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: ElSohly
mesh_terms: D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002188:Cannabis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005410:Flame Ionization; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D010938:Plant Oils; D013759:Dronabinol