title: Anti-inflammatory subtilase cytotoxin up-regulates A20 through the unfolded protein response.
abstract: We recently reported that subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) has the potential to attenuate experimental models of inflammatory diseases [3]. Currently, little is known about underlying mechanisms involved in this therapeutic effect. In the present report, we show that SubAB induces A20, the endogenous negative regulator of NF-kappaB, in vitro and in vivo. This stimulatory effect occurred at the transcriptional level, and SubAB induced activation of the A20 promoter. We found that, in the early phase, SubAB triggered activation of NF-kappaB in a dose-dependent manner. Blockade of NF-kappaB abrogated expression of A20 by SubAB. SubAB rapidly triggered the unfolded protein response (UPR), and induction of the UPR by other agents (thapsigargin and A23187) mimicked the stimulatory effects of SubAB, both on NF-kappaB and on A20. The induction of A20 by thapsigargin was correlated with activation of the A20 promoter, which was not observed in the kappaB-mutated A20 promoter. Furthermore, induction of A20 by SubAB was substantially attenuated by treatment with different chemical chaperones. These results elucidated for the first time that the anti-inflammatory SubAB has the potential to induce A20 through the UPR-NF-kappaB-dependent pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Signaling, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
authors.forename: Shotaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Yukinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Johno
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Adrienne W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Paton
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Paton
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013381:Subtilisins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000072598:Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-Induced Protein 3; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C000602677:TNFAIP3 protein, rat; D000072598:Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-Induced Protein 3; D013381:Subtilisins; C527234:subtilase cytotoxin, E coli