title: Neuroprotection and enhanced neurogenesis by tetramethylpyrazine in adult rat brain after focal ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on neural cell proliferation and differentiation in brain of rat after focal cerebral ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The focal cerebral ischemia of rat was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Infarction volume was evaluated by TTC staining method. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify proliferating and differentiating cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TMP protected brain from damage by reducing volume of infarction, neuronal loss and water content. TMP not only increased the number of BrdU positive cell in SVZ, but also stimulated the cell differentiation after ischemia. The nNOS expression in cortex and dentate gyrus was reduced by treatment of TMP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that TMP could protect ischemic brain damage, and promote cell proliferation and differentiation stimulated by ischemia, which might be related to the reduction of nNOS expression after treatment with TMP in rat cerebral ischemia model.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurobiology, Environment and Genes Related to Diseases Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, State Key Subject for Physiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Xinli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Cunfang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Xinlin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jianshui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Pengbo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001834:Body Water; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D055153:Stem Cell Niche / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011719:Pyrazines; C017953:tetramethylpyrazine