title: Pharmacogenetic biomarkers as tools for improved drug therapy; emphasis on the cytochrome P450 system.
abstract: Important interindividual differences in drug pharmacokinetics cause absence of drug response or adverse drug reactions in significant fractions of the populations. The identification of the major enzymes participating, and the elucidation of the genetic basis for this variation in particular among cytochromes P450, provide tools for a personalized medicine treatment, which can make drug therapy much more effective at a lower cost. Much of the pioneering work linking drug metabolizing phenotype to genetic polymorphism among the P450 enzymes has been carried out at Karolinska Institutet. In this review we give a background and description of this work as well as the important implications for future medicine.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. magnus.ingelman-sundberg@ki.se
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ingelman-Sundberg
authors.forename: Sarah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sim
mesh_terms: D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6