title: Endoscopic management of biliary ductal stones.
abstract: Bile duct stone management has greatly changed in the past 2 decades. Open surgical techniques have mostly been replaced by transoral endoscopic techniques. Routine common bile duct stones can be managed by standard biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy and extraction. Various advanced transoral techniques can also manage most difficult ductal stones. In skilled centers, laparoscopic ductal stone management has assumed a back-up role.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University Hospital, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Kyo-Sang
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Glen A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lehman
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000379:methods; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome