title: Transpulmonary thermodilution using femoral indicator injection: a prospective trial in patients with a femoral and a jugular central venous catheter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advanced hemodynamic monitoring using transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) is established for measurement of cardiac index (CI), global end-diastolic volume index (GEDVI) and extra-vascular lung water index (EVLWI). TPTD requires indicator injection via a central venous catheter (usually placed via the jugular or subclavian vein). However, superior vena cava access is often not feasible due to the clinical situation. This study investigates the conformity of TPTD using femoral access.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study involved an 18-month trial at a medical intensive care unit at a university hospital. Twenty-four patients with both a superior and an inferior vena cava catheter at the same time were enrolled in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TPTD-variables were calculated from TPTD curves after injection of the indicator bolus via jugular access (TPTDjug) and femoral access (TPTDfem). GEDVIfem and GEDVIjug were significantly correlated (rm = 0.88; P < 0.001), but significantly different (1,034 +/- 275 vs. 793 +/- 180 mL/m2; P < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated a bias of +241 mL/m2 (limits of agreement: -9 and +491 mL/m2). GEDVIfem, CIfem and ideal body weight were independently associated with the bias (GEDVIfem-GEDVIjug). A correction formula of GEDVIjug after femoral TPTD, was calculated. EVLWIfem and EVLWIjug were significantly correlated (rm = 0.93; P < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a bias of +0.83 mL/kg (limits of agreement: -2.61 and +4.28 mL/kg). Furthermore, CIfem and CIjug were significantly correlated (rm = 0.95; P < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated a bias of +0.29 L/min/m2 (limits of agreement -0.40 and +0.97 L/min/m2; percentage-error 16%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TPTD after femoral injection of the thermo-bolus provides precise data on GEDVI with a high correlation, but a self-evident significant bias related to the augmented TPTD-volume. After correction of GEDVIfem using a correction formula, GEDVIfem shows high predictive capabilities for GEDVIjug. Regarding CI and EVLWI, accurate TPTD-data is obtained using femoral access.
authors.affiliation: II Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Str 22, 81675 München, Germany. bernd.saugel@lrz.tu-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saugel
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umgelter
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Veit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Phillip
authors.forename: Roland M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huber
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005268:Femoral Vein; D005858:Germany; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013815:Thermodilution / Q000379:methods; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents