title: Effects of extracellular acidic-alkaline stresses on trigeminal ganglion neurons in the mouse embryo in vivo.
abstract: Acidic-alkaline stresses caused by ischemia and hypoglycemia induce neuronal cell death resulting from intracellular pH disturbance. The effects of acidic-alkaline disturbance on the trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons of the embryonic mouse were investigated by caspase-3-immunohistochemistry and Nissl staining. TG neurons exhibited apoptosis in 3.08 ± 0.55% of neurons in intact embryos at day 16. Intraperitoneal injection of alkaline solution (pH 8.97; 0.005-0.1 M K₂HPO₄ or 0.01-0.04 M KOH) into the embryo at embryonic day 15 significantly increased the number of apoptotic neurons in the TG at embryonic day 16 with dependence on concentration (3.40-6.05 and 2.93-5.55%, respectively). On the other hand, acidic solutions (pH 4.4; 0.01-0.2 M KH₂PO₄ slightly, but not significantly, increased the number of apoptotic cells (3.64-5.15%, without dependence on concentration). Neutral solutions (pH 7.4; 0.01-0.2 M potassium phosphate buffer) had no effect on neuronal survival in the TG (2.89-3.48%). The results indicated that alkaline stress significantly increased apoptosis in the developing nervous system, but acidic stress did not.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, Course of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Biosciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano 598-8531, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Saburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuo
mesh_terms: D000137:Acid-Base Imbalance / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000138:Acidosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D000471:Alkalosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3