title: Preliminary evidence of ethnic divergence in associations of putative genetic variants for methamphetamine dependence.
abstract: Research into the biological processes that increase susceptibility to methamphetamine dependence has been conducted primarily in Asian populations. Using a case-control design this study's purpose was to explore, among a population of methamphetamine-dependent Caucasians, six putative single nucleotide polymorphisms previously found to be associated with methamphetamine dependence in Asian populations. A total of 193 non-psychotic males (117 methamphetamine-dependent and 76 controls) were genotyped for variants located in six genes (AKT1, ARRB2, BDNF, COMT, GSTP1, OPRM1). Genotypic and allelic frequencies, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. None of the putative gene associations was significantly replicated in our sample of Caucasian men. Effect size comparisons suggest a trend toward allelic divergence for arrestin beta 2 (ARRB2) and glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) and allelic convergence for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Results provide preliminary support for further exploration and validation of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for methamphetamine (METH) dependence reported among Asian populations across other ethnic/ancestral groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA. cbousman@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Chad A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bousman
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Glatt
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cherner
authors.forename: J Hampton
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Ming T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tsuang
authors.forename: Ian P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Everall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D019390:Arrestins / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People; D000071560:beta-Arrestin 2; D000071557:beta-Arrestins
chemical_list: C000605254:ARRB2 protein, human; D019390:Arrestins; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D000071560:beta-Arrestin 2; D000071557:beta-Arrestins; D008694:Methamphetamine; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi