title: Resting-state perfusion in nonmedicated schizophrenic patients: a continuous arterial spin-labeling 3.0-T MR study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether well-described patterns of altered perfusion in schizophrenia can be identified by using continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) with a whole-brain imaging sequence.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was approved by the ethics committee of the local institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. CASL was used to compare cerebral perfusion between 11 nonmedicated patients with schizophrenia and 25 healthy control subjects. Since antipsychotic medication may affect perfusion, only drug-free subjects were examined. Resting-state perfusion, as measured in terms of regional cerebral blood flow, was compared voxel wise by using an analysis of variance design in a statistical parametric mapping program, with patient age and sex as covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the healthy control subjects, the schizophrenic patients had extensive areas of hypoperfusion in the frontal lobes bilaterally, in the anterior and medial cingulate gyri, and in the parietal lobes bilaterally. Increased perfusion was observed in the cerebellum, brainstem, and thalamus of the schizophrenic patients as compared with the perfusion in these areas in the control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CASL in schizophrenia revealed patterns of hypo- and hyperperfusion similar to the perfusion patterns in previously published positron emission tomographic and single photon emission computed tomographic studies. The advantages of CASL, including independence from injected contrast agents, no irradiation, and fast acquisition time, may facilitate intensive perfusion studies of the early recognition of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, as well as longitudinal disease-monitoring research of these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud-Str 25, Bonn, Germany. Lukas.Scheef@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scheef
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manka
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daamen
authors.forename: Kai-Uwe
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jessen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012146:Rest; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013113:Spin Labels; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels