title: Hippocampal volume change in schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with schizophrenia show reductions in hippocampal volume. However, the time course of these changes is still unresolved. The aim of this study is to examine the extent to which hippocampal volume change in patients with schizophrenia is confounded by effects of age and/or antipsychotic medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 2003, two structural magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were acquired from 96 patients with DSM-IV-diagnosed schizophrenia and 113 healthy subjects within an interval of approximately 5 years. Hippocampal volume change was measured and related to age and cumulative medication intake during the scan interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls demonstrated significantly different age-related trajectories of hippocampal volume change. Before the age of 26 years, patients with schizophrenia showed increased volume loss relative to controls. In contrast, after the age of 40 years, controls showed larger volume loss than patients with schizophrenia. Higher exposure to atypical antipsychotic medication was related to a smaller decrease in hippocampal volume over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest progressive hippocampal volume loss in the early course of the illness in patients with schizophrenia but not in the more chronic stages of the illness. The relationship between larger exposure to atypical antipsychotic medication and smaller hippocampal volume loss during the interval may suggest neuroprotective effects of these agents on hippocampal volume.
authors.affiliation: Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, A.01.126, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85060, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. koolschijnpcmp@fsw.leidenuniv.nl
authors.forename: P Cédric M P
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Koolschijn
authors.forename: Neeltje E M
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: van Haren
authors.forename: Wiepke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cahn
authors.forename: Hugo G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Schnack
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Floris
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Klumpers
authors.forename: Hilleke E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Hulshoff Pol
authors.forename: René S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents