title: Excessive TV viewing and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents. The AVENA cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Excessive television (TV) viewing might play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to examine the independent associations between TV viewing and CVD risk factors in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 425 adolescents, aged 13- to 18.5-year-old, was included in this study. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-1, apo B-100, and lipoprotein(a) levels were determined. A composite CVD risk score was computed based on age-, sex-, sexual maturation- and race-standardized triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and glucose. TV viewing was self-reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and twenty-five adolescents (53%) who spent >3 hrs/day watching TV were considered as the "high TV viewing" group. Ninety-nine adolescents (23%) from the total sample were classified as overweight according to International age- and sex-specific BMI values. The high TV viewing group had significantly less favorable values of HDL-cholesterol, glucose, apo A1 and CVD score, independent of age, sex, sexual maturation, race and weight status. There was a significant interaction effect of TV viewing x weight status (P = 0.002) on WC, and the negative influence of TV viewing on WC persisted in the overweight group (P = 0.031) but was attenuated in non-overweight adolescents (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excessive TV viewing seems to be related to an unfavorable CVD risk factors profile in adolescence. Reducing TV viewing in overweight adolescents might be beneficial to decrease abdominal body fat.
authors.affiliation: Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frio, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martinez-Gomez
authors.forename: J Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rey-López
authors.forename: Palma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chillón
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gómez-Martínez
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vicente-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martín-Matillas
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia-Fuentes
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Oscar L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Veiga
authors.forename: Joey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Eisenmann
authors.forename: Ascension
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013690:Television; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol