title: The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act 2008: What clinicians should understand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explain the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), what it covers, and what it does not cover to aid primary care practitioners in advising their patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Governmental agencies, congressional records, and various nongovernmental agencies, press releases, and journal articles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GINA will protect patients from employment and insurance information in multiple ways. However, loopholes exist which will need to be addressed at the next review of the Act in 6 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In order to provide accurate information regarding genetic testing, clinicians need to be familiar with key factors about GINA regarding law, practice, impact on patients and their rights in terms of genetic testing.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. jennifer.clifton@nurs.utah.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Clifton
authors.forename: Susan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: VanBeuge
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mladenka
authors.forename: Kelly K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Wosnik
mesh_terms: D022126:Access to Information / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004651:Employment / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D030661:Genetic Privacy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D011287:Prejudice; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014481:United States