title: Decreased prevalence and age-specific risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies in The Netherlands between 1995/1996 and 2006/2007.
abstract: To estimate the change in the seroprevalence and risk factors for toxoplasmosis in The Netherlands, a study was conducted in the general population in 2006/2007, similarly designed as a previous study in 1995/1996. Testing 5541 sera for IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii showed a marked decrease of the overall seroprevalence to 26·0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 24·0-28·0], compared to 40·5% (95% CI 37·5-43·4) in 1995/1996. In women of reproductive age the seroprevalence decreased from 35·2% (95% CI 32·9-38·6) in 1995/1996 to 18·5% (95% CI 16·2-20·7) in 2006/2007, leaving the majority of pregnant women susceptible to primary infection with T. gondii and their babies to congenital toxoplasmosis. In participants aged ≥20 years, Toxoplasma seropositivity was associated with living in the Northwest, living in urban areas, low educational level, consumption of raw pork, keeping a cat, and not having occupational contact with clients or patients. For younger participants, risk factors were keeping sheep or cattle, consumption of raw unwashed vegetables and putting sand in the mouth.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofhuis
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Pelt
authors.forename: Y T H P
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: van Duynhoven
authors.forename: C D M
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Nijhuis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mollema
authors.forename: F R M
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: van der Klis
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Havelaar
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kortbeek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G