title: Identification of abnormal neuromagnetic signatures in the motor cortex of adolescent migraine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the functional abnormalities of the motor cortices in children with migraine using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a finger-tapping task.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Cortical hyperexcitability has been reported in adults with migraine using MEG. Many children with migraine report difficulty with motor functioning. There is no report on motor-evoked magnetic activation in children with migraine using MEG and the latest signal processing methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten children with migraine (all female, 9 right-handed and 1 left-handed, aged 13-17 years) and 10 age- and gender-matched healthy children were studied with a 275-channel MEG system. After hearing a unilateral, randomly presented sound cue (500 Hz, 30 milliseconds square tone), each subject immediately performed a brisk index finger tapping with either the right or the left index finger. The auditory stimuli consisted of 200 trials of square tone, 100 trials per ear, randomly distributed. The latency and amplitude of neuromagnetic responses were analyzed with averaged waveforms. Neuromagnetic sources were estimated using synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM). SAM images were normalized for each participant for group comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with healthy children, children with migraine had prolonged latency of motor-evoked magnetic response in the right hemispheres during left finger movement (62.33 +/- 34.55 milliseconds vs 34.9 +/- 17.29 milliseconds, P < .05). In addition, children with migraine had stronger activation in the motor cortex during right finger movement (8097.46 +/- 5168.99 vs 4697.54 +/- 3194.74, P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that there are neurophysiological changes in the motor cortices of children with migraine that can be measured with neuromagnetic imaging techniques. The findings expand the ability to study the cerebral mechanisms of migraine using MEG and may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies in migraine treatment via alterations in cortical excitability.
authors.affiliation: MEG Center, Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoshan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pardos
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korostenskaja
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Marielle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kabbouche
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hershey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted