title: Series of transcatheter valve-in-valve implantations in high-risk patients with degenerated bioprostheses in aortic and mitral position.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report our experience with transcatheter valve-in-valve implantations in patients with degenerated bioprostheses in aortic and mitral position.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Xenograft degeneration is a potential problem after biological valve replacement. Reoperation remains the gold standard with very good short- and long-term results. In selected patients not suitable for surgery however, interventional techniques for valve implantation and repair may be valuable alternative treatment options with regard to the good results of transcatheter valve implantation for native aortic valve stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients presented with significant xenograft degeneration 15.4 ± 5.2 years after aortic (n = 4) and mitral (n = 1) valve replacement. Mean patient age was 82.0 ± 6.5 years and predicted operative mortality was 55.8% ± 18.9% (logistic EuroSCORE). Transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation was performed successfully through a transapical access in all patients. A 23-mm Edwards Sapien valve was deployed into the degenerated valve prosthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean transvalvular gradients were reduced from 31.2 ± 17.4 to 19.0 ± 12.4 mm Hg in aortic and from 9 to 3 mm Hg in mitral position without significant regurgitation in any of these patients. Two patients died within 30 days due to low cardiac output and acute hemorrhage, respectively, one of whom presented with a EuroSCORE of 88.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With growing need for reoperative valve replacement in elderly patients with disproportional operative risks, transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation in aortic and mitral position offers an alternative treatment option. Although valve function after transcatheter implantation was good in all patients, two high risk patients died in the postoperative period due to their significant comorbidities, underscoring the bail-out character of this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Germany. m.seiffert@uke.de
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seiffert
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Franzen
authors.forename: Lenard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Conradi
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baldus
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schirmer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meinertz
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reichenspurner
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Treede
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome