title: Management of the throwing shoulder: cuff, labrum and internal impingement.
abstract: Repetitive throwing or other overhead activity places great stress on the shoulder. As a result, the shoulder is a common site of injury in athletes. Addressing throwing-related injuries requires an understanding of throwing biomechanics and pathology. Nonoperative treatment is directed at restoring strength, flexibility, and neuromuscular control to the entire kinetic chain. Surgery is indicated when nonoperative treatment fails, and is directed at correcting labral, capsular, and rotator cuff pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine, Columbia-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, PH-11-Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: R Michael
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Greiwe
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D001484:Baseball / Q000293:injuries*; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D019534:Shoulder Impingement Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology