title: Use of a fermented dairy probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei (DN-114 001) to decrease the rate of illness in kids: the DRINK study. A patient-oriented, double-blind, cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate whether a fermented dairy drink containing the probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 could reduce the incidence of common infectious diseases (CIDs) and the change of behavior because of illness in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled allocation concealment clinical trial in the Washington, DC metropolitan area. Participants were 638 children 3-6 years old in daycare/schools. The intervention was a fermented dairy drink containing a specific probiotic strain or matching placebo with no live cultures for 90 consecutive days. Two primary outcomes were assessed: incidence of CIDs and change of behavior because of illness (both assessed by parental report).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of change of behavior because of illness was similar among active and control groups. However, the incidence rate for CIDs in the active group (0.0782) is 19% lower than that of the control group (0.0986) (incidence rate ratio=0.81, 95% CI: 0.65, 099) P=0.046.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily intake of a fermented dairy drink containing the probiotic strain L. casei DN-114 001 showed some promise in reducing overall incidence of illness, but was primarily driven by gastrointestinal infections and there were no differences in change of behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA. djm23@georgetown.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Merenstein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fokar
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nsouli
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Niborski
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tondu
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Shara
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D003611:Dairy Products; D004219:District of Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei; D008297:Male; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*