title: Effects of temporal heterogeneity of water supply on the growth of Perilla frutescens depend on plant density.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Plants respond to the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of a resource supply. However, their responses will depend on intraspecific competition for resource acquisition. Although plants are subject to various intensities of intraspecific competition, most studies of resource heterogeneity have been carried out under a single density so that the effects of intraspecific competition on plant responses to resource heterogeneity are largely unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  A growth experiment was performed to investigate plant responses to the temporal heterogeneity of water supply and nutrient levels under multiple plant densities. The annual plant Perilla frutescens was grown using different combinations of frequency of water supply, nutrient level and density, while providing the same total amount of water under all conditions. The effects of the treatments on biomass, allocation to roots and intensity of competition were analysed after 48 d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biomass and allocation to roots were larger under homogeneous than under heterogeneous water supply, and the effects of water heterogeneity were greater at high density than at low density. The effects of water heterogeneity were greater at high nutrient level than at low level for biomass, while the effects were greater at low nutrient level than high level for allocation to roots. Competition was severer under homogeneous than under heterogeneous water supply.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Competition for water probably makes plants more sensitive to the water heterogeneity. In addition, the intensity of intraspecific competition can be affected by the temporal patterns of water supply. Because both resource heterogeneity and intraspecific competition affect resource acquisition and growth of plants, their interactive effects should be evaluated more carefully under future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan. yousuke-hagiwara@ed.tmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yousuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kachi
authors.forename: Jun-Ichirou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D031344:Perilla frutescens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D014867:Water