title: The glutamate release inhibitor Riluzole decreases migration, invasion, and proliferation of melanoma cells.
abstract: The goal of this study was to examine the effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor-1 (GRM1) blockade on melanoma anchorage-independent growth and invasion. We performed colony and invasion assays using GRM1-expressing melanoma lines and the GRM1-negative UACC930 line. Using the glutamate-release inhibitor Riluzole or the non-competitive GRM1 antagonist BAY 36-7620 we were able to induce considerable inhibition of colony formation and invasion in GRM1-expressing melanoma lines. Neither pharmacological agent induced significant reduction in colony formation or invasion in the GRM1-negative melanoma line, UACC930. Additionally we assessed the efficacy of these inhibitors to inhibit the growth of fresh melanoma tumor samples cultured on a 74-mum nylon mesh. Both Riluzole and BAY 36-7620 significantly inhibited tumor cell growth into the interstitial spaces of the mesh. When repeated with normal mole samples both inhibitors were much less effective in preventing the outgrowth of cells. These experiments show that a specific antagonist of GRM1 (BAY 36-7620) or an inhibitor of glutamate release (Riluzole) can significantly suppress melanoma migration, invasion and colony formation as well as inhibit the proliferation of fresh melanoma cells. These findings, added to our previous work, strengthen the case that GRM1 is a valid therapeutic target in patients with melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Maithao N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Joseph L-K
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Nabatian
authors.forename: Kim T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Merrigan
authors.forename: Karine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cohen-Solal
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Goydos
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D019782:Riluzole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C425484:BAY36-7620; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D009281:Naphthalenes; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; C104077:metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D019782:Riluzole; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases