title: Are ACE-inhibitors or ARB's still needed for cardiovascular prevention in high risk patients? Insights from profess and transcend.
abstract: The HOPE and EUROPA clinical studies have shown that treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, ramipril and perindopril, may reduce the occurrence of major cardiovascular events in patients with proven atherosclerotic disease. The recently published results of the PRoFESS and TRANSCEND trials completed the much needed information concerning the use of an angiotensin receptor blocker for patients at high risk of cardiovascular events. PROFESS compared a therapy of telmisartan 80 mg daily with placebo in patients with a recent ischemic stroke. The difference in the primary outcome of first recurrent stroke was not statistically significant between telmisartan and placebo. The secondary outcome of major cardiovascular events showed a relative risk reduction (RRR) of 7% in favour of telmisartan. This tended to be significant (p = 0.06) despite a rather short follow-up period of only 28 months. In TRANSCEND 5926 patients at high risk for cardiovascular events were randomized to a treatment with telmisartan 80 mg daily or placebo for a mean duration of follow-up of 56 months. The primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke or hospitalization for heart failure showed a non-significant 8% RRR in favour of the telmisartan treated patients. The main secondary outcome of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction or stroke as used in the HOPE trial showed a non-significant RRR of 13% in favour of telmisartan treated patients (p = 0.068 adjusted for multiplicity of comparisons). In comparing the Kaplan-Meier curves for the endpoint of major cardiovascular events used in HOPE, EUROPA, TRANSCEND and PRoFESS, the trends are similar. Results of most of the recently published trials have been neutral.This could partly be explained by major improvements in the optimal background therapy of the patients included. Nevertheless, the results of PRoFESS and TRANSCEND do not contradict the results from previous studies with theACE inhibitors ramipril and perindopril and the ARB telmisartan.
authors.affiliation: Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk Department of Cardiology Oude Postbaan, 60 B-3600 Genk. Walter.VanMieghem@zol.be
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Van Mieghem
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Billiouw
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brohet
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gazagnes
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Krzesinski
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Missault
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Persu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piérard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rottiers
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vanhooren
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vervaet
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Herman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020913:Perindopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017257:Ramipril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000077333:Telmisartan; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001565:Benzoates; D017257:Ramipril; D000077333:Telmisartan; D020913:Perindopril