title: Paired and LIM class homeodomain proteins coordinate differentiation of the C. elegans ALA neuron.
abstract: The ancient origin of sleep is evidenced by deeply conserved signaling pathways regulating sleep-like behavior, such as signaling through the Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In Caenorhabditis elegans, a sleep-like state can be induced at any time during development or adulthood through conditional expression of LIN-3/EGF. The behavioral response to EGF is mediated by EGFR activity within a single cell, the ALA neuron, and mutations that impair ALA differentiation are expected to confer EGF-resistance. Here we describe three such EGF-resistant mutants. One of these corresponds to the LIM class homeodomain (HD) protein CEH-14/Lhx3, and the other two correspond to Paired-like HD proteins CEH-10/Chx10 and CEH-17/Phox2. Whereas CEH-14 is required for ALA-specific gene expression throughout development, the Prd-like proteins display complementary temporal contributions to gene expression, with the requirement for CEH-10 decreasing as that of CEH-17 increases. We present evidence that CEH-17 participates in a positive autoregulatory loop with CEH-14 in ALA, and that CEH-10, in addition to its role in ALA differentiation, functions in the generation of the ALA neuron. Similarly to CEH-17, CEH-10 is required for the posterior migration of the ALA axons, but CEH-14 appears to regulate an aspect of ALA axon outgrowth that is distinct from that of the Prd-like proteins. Our findings reveal partial modularity among the features of a neuronal differentiation program and their coordination by Prd and LIM class HD proteins.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Buskirk
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Sternberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D066246:ErbB Receptors