title: Quantitative analysis of toxic and essential elements in human hair. Clinical validity of results.
abstract: Over the last three decades, there has been an increasing awareness of environmental and occupational exposures to toxic or potentially toxic trace elements. The evolution of biological monitoring includes knowledge of kinetics of toxic and/or essential elements and adverse health effects related to their exposure. The debate whether a hair is a valid sample for biomonitoring or not is still attracting the attention of analysts, health care professionals, and environmentalists. Although researchers have found many correlations of essential elements to diseases, metabolic disorders, environmental exposures, and nutritional status, opponents of the concept of hair analysis object that hair samples are unreliable due to the influence of external factors. This review discusses validity of hair as a sample for biomonitoring of essential and toxic elements, with emphasis on pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical factors influencing results.
authors.affiliation: Department of The President's Affairs, Management of Scientific Centers and Presidential Camels, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. melita.kosanovic@gmail.com
authors.forename: Melita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosanovic
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jokanovic
mesh_terms: D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances