title: Three dimensional nanofabrication using surface forces.
abstract: We describe strategies to curve, rotate, align, and bond precisely patterned two-dimensional (2D) nanoscale panels using forces derived from a minimization of surface area of liquefying or coalescing metallic grains. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by discussing variations in template size, patterns, and material composition. The strategy provides a solution path to overcome the limitation of inherently 2D lithographic processes by transforming 2D templates into mechanically robust and precisely patterned nanoscale curved structures and polyhedra with considerable versatility in material composition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
authors.forename: Jeong-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Anum
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azam
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Gracias
mesh_terms: D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010316:Particle Size; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D012825:Silicon