title: Psychosocial working conditions and exhaustion in a working population sample of Swedish middle-aged men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exhaustion is a concept of interest for both occupational health research and stress-disease theory research. The aim of the present study was to explore associations between chronic stressors, in terms of psychosocial working conditions, and exhaustion in a Swedish middle-aged population sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  A vocationally active population sample of the Malmö Shoulder and Neck Study cohort, comprising 2555 men and 2466 women between 45 and 64 years of age, was used. Psychosocial working conditions, assessed by means of the demand-control-support model, were measured longitudinally with a 1-year interval. Exhaustion was assessed by the SF-36 vitality scale and measured at follow-up, yielding a cross-sectional study design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exhaustion was twice as common in women as in men. High psychological job demands, low job control and low job support were independently associated with exhaustion in both men and women. These associations remained after controlling for a variety of potential confounders and mediators, including socio-demographic factors, lifestyle factors, musculoskeletal pain, disease, other work-related factors (including physical workload) and non-work-related factors. High demands in combination with low control (job strain), and job strain combined with low job support (iso-strain), increased the risk for exhaustion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychosocial working conditions seem to contribute to exhaustion in middle-aged men and women. Future research should include exploration of exhaustion as a possible mediator between work stress and disease, as well as exploration of other chronic stressors, including non-work-related stressors, regarding their effects on exhaustion in men and women.
authors.affiliation: Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. sara.lindeberg@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Sara I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Lindeberg
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosvall
authors.forename: Bongkyoo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Canivet
authors.forename: Sven-Olof
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Isacsson
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karasek
authors.forename: Per-Olof
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Ostergren
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005221:Fatigue; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013548:Sweden; D014937:Work / Q000523:psychology*; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000523:psychology*; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*