title: Incremental cholesterol reduction with ezetimibe/simvastatin, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in UK General Practice (IN-PRACTICE): randomised controlled trial of achievement of Joint British Societies (JBS-2) cholesterol targets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare ezetimibe/simvastatin combination therapy with intensified statin monotherapy as alternative treatment strategies to achieve the Joint British Societies (JBS)-2 and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target of < 2 mmol/l for secondary prevention or JBS-2 LDL-C target of < 2 mmol/l for primary prevention in high-risk patients who have failed to reach target with simvastatin 40 mg.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective, double-blind study conducted in 34 UK primary care centres; 1748 patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes or high risk of CVD who had been taking simvastatin 40 mg for > or = 6 weeks were screened and 786 (45%) with fasting LDL-C > or = 2.0 mmol/l (and < 4.2 mmol/l) at screening and after a further 6-week run-in period on simvastatin 40 mg were randomised to ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/40 mg (as a combination tablet; n = 261), atorvastatin 40 mg (n = 263) or rosuvastatin 5 mg (n = 73) or 10 mg (n = 189) once daily for 6 weeks. Rosuvastatin dose was based on UK prescribing instructions. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients achieving LDL-C < 2 mmol/l at the end of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of patients (adjusted for baseline differences) achieving LDL-C < 2 mmol/l was 69.4% with ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/40 mg, compared with 33.5% for atorvastatin 40 mg [odds ratio 4.5 (95% CI: 3.0-6.8); p < 0.001] and 14.3% for rosuvastatin 5 or 10 mg [odds ratio 13.6 (95% CI: 8.6-21.6); p < 0.001]. Similar results were observed for achievement of total cholesterol < 4.0 mmol/l. All study treatments were well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately 45% of patients screened had not achieved LDL-C < 2 mmol/l after > or = 12 weeks of treatment with simvastatin 40 mg. In this group, treatment with ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/40 mg achieved target LDL-C levels in a significantly higher proportion of patients during a 6-week period than switching to either atorvastatin 40 mg or rosuvastatin 5-10 mg.
authors.affiliation: Whitby Group Practice, Spring Vale Medical Centre, Whitby, UK. tesmcc@aol.com
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McCormack
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaunt
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Allgar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chipperfield
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D001384:Azetidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000379:methods; D000069438:Ezetimibe; D005260:Female; D005464:Fluorobenzenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D058006:General Practice; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001384:Azetidines; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005464:Fluorobenzenes; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011758:Pyrroles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D019821:Simvastatin; D000069438:Ezetimibe