title: In vitro potential of Ascophyllum nodosum phenolic antioxidant-mediated alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibition.
abstract: Ascophyllum nodosum is a brown seaweed that grows abundantly in the Northeast coastal region. In this study, the potential of A. nodosum for type 2 diabetes management through antioxidant-mediated alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibition was investigated. After the initial screening of 4 locally harvested seaweeds, A. nodosum was chosen for its highest phenolic content and was subjected to water extraction. Among extraction ratios of 50 g to 100 to 1000 mL at room temperature, 50 g/400 mL yielded the highest phenolic content of 4.5 mg/g wet weight. For evaluation of extraction temperature ranging from 20 to 80 degrees C, 50 g/400 mL was chosen as a minimum amount of extractant. Among temperatures studied, extraction at 80 degrees C resulted in the highest total phenolic contents (4.2 mg/g wet weight). All extracts had similar levels of antioxidant activity in the range of 60% to 70% in terms of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. The 80 degrees C extract had the highest alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity with IC(50) of 0.24 and 1.34 microg phenolics, respectively, compared to the IC(50) of acarbose, reference inhibitor, being 0.37 and 0.68 microg. The results show that fresh A. nodosum has strong alpha-glucosidase and mild alpha-amylase inhibitory activities that correlated with phenolic contents. This study suggests a nutraceutical potential of A. nodosum based on phytochemical antioxidant and antihyperglycemia activities.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Science & Nutrition Research Center, Univ. of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA. emanos@mail.uri.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Apostolidis
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D044646:Ascophyllum / Q000737:chemistry*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000628:therapy; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D006358:Hot Temperature; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D055292:Pancreatic alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D010636:Phenols; D055292:Pancreatic alpha-Amylases