[Autoimmune epilepsy].
There is increasing recognition of an autoimmune origin of pharmacoresistant epileptic disorders. Besides the paraneoplastic limbic encephalopathies (LE), reports of syndromes of non-paraneoplastic LE are increasingly reported in the last 5-10 years. Three antibodies are now relatively well described: Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKC), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-(NMDA) antibodies. We review clinical syndromes, associated imaging and laboratory findings. While most reports arise from adult populations, children and adolescents are also concerned as evidenced by increasing observations. Early recognition is mandatory, since early immunomodulatory treatment appears to be related to significantly better outcome.
Seeck
M
M
Service de neurologie, HUG, 1211 Genève 14. margitta.seeck@hcuge.ch
Zacharia
A
A
Rossetti
A O
AO
D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020363:Limbic Encephalitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000097:blood; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase