title: Improving rigid fiberoptic intubation: a comparison of the Bonfils Intubating Fiberscope with a novel modification.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Bonfils intubating fiberscope has a limited upward tip angle of 40 degrees and requires retromolar entry into the hypopharynx. These factors may make its use less desirable when managing the difficult airway because most anesthesia providers are well versed in midline oral intubation rather than the lateral retromolar approach. The Center for Advanced Technology and Telemedicine at the University of Nebraska Medical Center has developed a novel fiberscope with a more anterior 60 degrees curve to allow for easier midline insertion and intubation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the novel fiberscope, in comparison to the Bonfils intubating fiberscope, in terms of use and function in difficult airway intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two anesthesia providers participated in simulated intubations of a difficult airway mannequin to compare the Bonfils intubating fiberscope with the novel curved Boedeker intubating fiberscope. The intubations were assessed based upon the following variables: recorded Cormack Lehane airway scores, requests for cricoid pressure, time to intubation, number of intubation attempts and success or failure of the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants using the Bonfils fiberscope recorded an average Cormack Lehane (CL) airway score of 1.67 +/- 1.02 (median = 1); with the novel fiberscope, the recorded average airway grade improved to 1.18 +/- 0.50 (median = 1). The difference in airway scores was not statistically significant (p = 0.34; Fishers Exact Test comparing CL grades 1&2 vs. 3&4). There was, however, a statistically significant difference in intubation success rates between the two devices. With the Bonfils fiberscope, 68% (15/22) of participants were successful in intubation compared to a 100% success rate in intubation with the novel fiberscope (22/22) (p = 0.008). After the intubation trial, the majority of participants (95%) indicated a preference for the novel fiberscope (n = 20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With this data, we can infer that the novel fiberscope curvature appears to improve or maintain the quality of an intubation attempt (airway score, cricoid pressure requirement, intubation time, number of attempts, placement success). The data indicate that the novel fiberscope offers a superior intubation experience to currently available best practices. The instrument was well received and would be welcomed by most study participants should the device become clinically available in the future.
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Ben H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Boedeker
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barak-Bernhagen
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linnaus
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction; D004867:Equipment Design; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D008348:Manikins