title: [Primary brain tumors and brain metastases. Symptomatic epilepsy and driving ability - systematic review and expert opinion].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary brain tumors and metastases are common causes of symptomatic epilepsy. Seizures, neurological and neuropsychological deficits can interfere with driving ability. The present paper aims to systematically review the incidence of epileptic seizures in brain tumor patients and to discuss driving ability in the context of the current German guidelines and expert opinions.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the incidence of epileptic seizures which occur at the beginning and in the course of the disease, we performed a systematic literature research in PubMed from 1960 to 2007. Additionally on the basis of this data we performed a survey collecting expert opinions regarding the driving ability of brain tumor patients from members of the German working groups "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für prächirurgische Epilepsiediagnostik und operative Epilepsietherapie" (Working Group for Presurgical Epilepsy Diagnostics and Operative Epileptic Therapy) and "Neuroonkologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft" (Neuro-oncological Working Group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of epileptic seizures depends on the entity, dignity and localization of the tumor. The driving ability of brain tumor patients is not explicitly regulated in Germany. Of the interviewed experts 72% judged the guidelines to be precise enough and 44% did not want to deprive the patients of their driving ability without a first seizure, independent of the individual risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The available studies are methodologically insufficient and show that a further evaluation is necessary to assess the driving ability. Possible restrictions of the driving ability in patients with a high risk of seizures in the course of the disease have to take into account the balance between individual rights and the interests of the general public.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsiezentrum Marburg, Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Standort Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Straße 8, 35039, Marburg.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Reif
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strzelczyk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rüegg
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haag
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hermsen
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sure
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knake
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hamer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Strik
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Engenhart-Cabilic
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosenow
mesh_terms: D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000556:secondary*; D015897:Comorbidity; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors