title: Warm-up in a virtual reality environment improves performance in the operating room.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of warm-up on laparoscopic performance in the operating room (OR).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Implementation of simulation-based training into clinical practice remains limited despite evidence to show that the improvement in skills is transferred to the OR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a short virtual reality warm-up training program on laparoscopic performance in the OP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies were performed by 8 surgeons in the OR. Participants were randomized to a group which received a preprocedure warm-up using a virtual reality simulator and no warm-up group. After the initial laparoscopic cholecystectomy all surgeons served as their own controls by performing another procedure with or without preoperative warm-up. All OR procedures were videotaped and assessed by 2 independent observers using the generic OSATS global rating scale (from 7 to 35).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significantly better surgical performance on the laparoscopic Cholecystectomy following preoperative warm-up, median 28.5 (range = 18.5-32.0) versus median 19.25 (range = 15-31.5), P = 0.042. The results demonstrated excellent reliability of the assessment tool used (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed a significant beneficial impact of warm-up on laparoscopic performance in the OP. The suggested program is short, easy to perform, and therefore realistic to implement in the daily life in a busy surgical department. This will potentially improve the procedural outcome and contribute to improved patient safety and better utilization of OR resources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery D, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calatayud
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kruglikova
authors.forename: Svend
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Funch-Jensen
authors.forename: Teodor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grantcharov
mesh_terms: D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000193:education*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D014584:User-Computer Interface