title: Evaluating daily exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish oil supplements.
abstract: Fish oil supplements have become a popular means of increasing one's dietary intake of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, there is growing concern that the levels and potential health effects of lipophilic organic contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) may diminish some of the health benefits associated with the daily consumption of fish oil supplements. In this study, ten over-the-counter fish oil supplements available in the United States were analysed for PCBs and PBDEs and daily exposures calculated. Based on manufacturers' recommended dosages, daily intakes of PCBs and PBDEs ranged from 5 to 686 ng day(-1) and from 1 to 13 ng day(-1), respectively. Daily consumption of fish oil supplements expose consumers to PCBs and PBDEs. However, in comparison with fish ingestion, fish supplements may decrease daily PCB exposure and provide a safer pathway for individuals seeking to maintain daily recommended levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Textile and Apparel Product Safety, Philadelphia University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA. ashleyj@philau.edu
authors.forename: J T F
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Schafer
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Stapleton
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Velinsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D005399:Fishes; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017747:Seafood / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential; D005395:Fish Oils; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls