title: Long-term outcome evaluation in young adults following clubfoot surgical release.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of a comprehensive surgical release for congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Gait, strength, segmental foot motion, and outcomes questionnaire data were collected on 24 adults (21.8+/-2.3 y) who were surgically treated for CTEV as infants. These data were statistically compared with of 48-age group matched controls (23.2+/-2.4 y).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clubfoot group was functional in activities of daily living, although most patients did experience foot pain after a day of typical activities, such as walking, standing, using stairs and doing exercise. Lower extremity gait kinematics was similar to the control group. There were differences in segmental foot motion with the hindfoot in a more plantarflexed position relative to the tibia and the forefoot dorsiflexed, and adducted relative to the hindfoot. Ankle plantarflexion and inversion strength and range of motion was reduced in the clubfoot group in association with an increase in hip power generation during the preswing and initial swing phases of the gait cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical correction of CTEV was successful in providing a functional plantigrade foot as the patients reached adulthood. However, limitations included foot pain, limited foot range of motion, and weakness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level III.
authors.affiliation: Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL 60707, USA. agraf@shrinenet.org
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassani
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krzak
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caudill
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eastwood
authors.forename: Ken N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult