title: [Post void residual volume in patients at geriatric ward].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post Void Residual Volume (PVRV) is a known risk factor for urinary infection, incontinence and renal insufficiency. Disposing for the condition is high age, immobility, constipation, neurological and metabolic disease. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and to examine risk factors for high PVRV among geriatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study 100 consecutive patients admitted to a geriatric ward had an ultrasound bladder scan (UB) performed three times during the first two days of stay. The following background parameters were registered: age, gender, Mini Mental-State Examination (MMSE), modified Barthel score, bacteriuria, urinary incontinence and constipation.
  
  
  METHODS
  urinary catheter, incapability of giving informed consent. Patients could only be included once.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 142 patients were screened, among whom 100 were included (81 women and 19 men). The mean age was 83.9 years (range: 65-101 years). Background parameters: constipation 29%, urinary incontinence 41%, bacteriuria 37%. Barthel (maximum score 100): 12% score < 26, 25% score 26-49, 41% score 50-79 and 20% score > 79. MMSE: 12% < 15.37% 15-24 and 39% > 24. UB results: A total of 48 patients had a PVRV < 100 ml in all three UB, and 14 patients had a PVRV > 150 ml in all three UB. In all, 38 patients had a PVRV between 100 and 150 ml or diverging results. Barthel score (p = 0.03) and bacteriuria (p = 0.04) varied significantly between patients with a PVRV > 150 ml and a PVRV < 100 ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PVRV is a common condition in geriatric populations and is positively correlated with bacteriuria and low functional performance. It is feasible to implement UB as a screening procedure in geriatric wards.
authors.affiliation: Roskilde Hospital, Geriatrisk Afdeling, Forskningscenter for Aldring og Osteoporose, Roskilde, Denmark. hannepedersen@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Annie Elena
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Juncher
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Birgitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frølund
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000209:etiology; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology