Getting under the skin: the immunopathogenesis of Streptococcus pyogenes deep tissue infections.
Streptococcus pyogenes can cause a variety of diseases in immunocompetent individuals, from pharyngotonsillitis to life-threatening invasive diseases, such as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, and rapidly progressing deep-tissue infections, such as necrotizing fasciitis. Necrotizing fasciitis is often seen in combination with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, which further increases morbidity and mortality. We review here the host-pathogen interactions in the tissue milieu and discuss the use of intravenous immunoglobulin as potential adjunctive therapy in these life-threatening infections.
Johansson
Linda
L
Karolinska Institutet, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
Thulin
Pontus
P
Low
Donald E
DE
Norrby-Teglund
Anna
A
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology; D017192:Skin Diseases, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000502:physiology*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous