title: Utilization of interventional oncology treatments in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on the recent national trends in utilization of interventional oncology (IO) treatments, assess the use of these techniques relative to the utilization of alternative oncologic treatments, and provide an assessment of which specialties are providing these services.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Physicians/Supplier Procedure Summary Master Files from 2002 through 2008 and Limited Data Set Standard Analytical Files from 2002 through 2007 were used to determine utilization rates of ablative therapies and transarterial embolizations for malignant neoplasms and comparable surgical procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2008, 10,045 IO treatments were performed in the Medicare population, or 29 per 100,000 Medicare enrollees. IO treatments of the liver constituted the largest component, at 64%, followed by the kidneys at 23%. Over a period of 6 years, growth was seen in all IO procedures except for transarterial embolizations for renal tumors. Radiologists performed 91% of all IO procedures in 2008.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IO utilization is modest in volume, but growing. IO treatments comprised the majority of oncologic treatments in the liver but only a small part of treatments in the kidneys and lungs. Radiologists are currently providing the vast majority of IO treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Rm M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. sharon.kwan@radiology.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Sharon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kerlan
authors.forename: Jonathan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sunshine
mesh_terms: D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy*; D015995:Prevalence; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014600:Utilization Review