title: Development, implementation, and multicenter clinical validation of the TeleDICOM--advanced, interactive teleconsultation system.
abstract: There is a need to make medical diagnosis available to critically ill patients on-site, without the necessity of time-consuming and risky transportation to larger reference hospitals. The teleconsultation of medical images is possible with the use of Internet-based TeleDICOM software developed in Krakow, Poland. Interactive consultation between two or more centers offers real-time voice communication, visualization of synchronized Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine images, and use of interactive pointers and specific calculation tools. If direct interaction between physicians is not needed, the system can also be used in "offline" mode. In 2006, TeleDICOM was successfully deployed in the John Paul II Hospital in Krakow as well as a dozen other cooperating medical centers throughout southeast Poland. It is used for routine referral for cardiosurgical procedures. Aims of the study were to evaluate the image quality, software stability, constant availability, data transmission speed, and quality of real-time synchronized viewing of the images during the TeleDICOM teleconsultation; to evaluate the clinical utility of the TeleDICOM system; and to analyze the compatibility of TeleDICOM with the storage data formats of various imaging machine manufacturers. The analysis of angiographic offline teleconsultations was based on 918 patients referred remotely for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The echocardiographic teleconsultations were performed during 63 live interactive consultations, several of them were presented to live during medical conferences. Measurement tools of the TeleDICOM software were tested against original measurement tools of echocardiographic machines from four different manufacturers. As a result of TeleDICOM consultation, a CABG decision was made in 806 of 918 patients consulted (87.8%). In remaining 12 patients, medical therapy or percutaneous angioplasty was recommended. CABG was performed in 98.6% of the admitted patients. Treatment decisions were changed after admission in 1.4% of patients-however, in all cases, it was not related to analysis of angiography data but rather to the change of clinical condition of the patients. All medical personnel involved in both offline and interactive teleconsultations judged the system positively in all assessed aspects. Lesser scores were observed only in the centers connected by slower networks. Measurements performed in the ECHO-TeleDICOM module were accurate as compared with those performed on a standard echo-machine (correlation r > 0.980, p < 0.001), independently of the echocardiograph model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that telemedicine can improve patients' management using a clinically effective teleconsultation system. The TeleDICOM system is suited for professional use in the field of cardiovascular disease. It is also prepared for remote live demonstrations of clinical cases during large medical meetings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Disease, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University, Pradnicka 80, Kraków, Poland. agackowski@gmail.com
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gackowski
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Czekierda
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chrustowicz
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cała
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadowski
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Podolec
authors.forename: Mieczysław
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pasowicz
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zieliński
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland; D011873:Radiology Information Systems / Q000592:standards*; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019112:Teleradiology / Q000592:standards*