title: Rac1 regulates neuronal polarization through the WAVE complex.
abstract: Neuronal migration and axon growth, key events during neuronal development, require distinct changes in the cytoskeleton. Although many molecular regulators of polarity have been identified and characterized, relatively little is known about their physiological role in this process. To study the physiological function of Rac1 in neuronal development, we have generated a conditional knock-out mouse, in which Rac1 is ablated in the whole brain. Rac1-deficient cerebellar granule neurons, which do not express other Rac isoforms, showed impaired neuronal migration and axon formation both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, Rac1 ablation disrupts lamellipodia formation in growth cones. The analysis of Rac1 effectors revealed the absence of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) complex from the plasma membrane of knock-out growth cones. Loss of WAVE function inhibited axon growth, whereas overexpression of a membrane-tethered WAVE mutant partially rescued axon growth in Rac1-knock-out neurons. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of the WAVE complex effector Arp2/3 also reduced axon growth. We propose that Rac1 recruits the WAVE complex to the plasma membrane to enable actin remodeling necessary for axon growth.
authors.affiliation: Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tahirovic
authors.forename: Farida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hellal
authors.forename: Dorothee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neukirchen
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hindges
authors.forename: Boyan K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Garvalov
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Theresia E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Stradal
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chrostek-Grashoff
authors.forename: Cord
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brakebusch
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bradke
mesh_terms: D000091302:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 2; D000075802:Angiopoietin-like Proteins; D042682:Angiopoietins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D051338:Cofilin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D020439:Growth Cones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D034622:RNA Interference / Q000502:physiology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods; D051300:Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family / Q000378:metabolism*; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000091302:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 2; D000075802:Angiopoietin-like Proteins; D042682:Angiopoietins; C485793:Angptl2 protein, mouse; D051338:Cofilin 1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C495774:Wasf1 protein, mouse; D051300:Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine