title: Dietary intake of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and coronary events in Norwegian patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Consumption of fish and n-3 (omega-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) has been associated with reduced risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to examine the relation between dietary intake of n-3 LCPUFAs or fish and risk of future coronary events or mortality in patients with well-characterized CAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a substudy of 2412 participants in the Western Norway B Vitamin Intervention Trial with a median follow-up time of 57 mo. Patients aged >18 y diagnosed with CAD (81% men) completed a food-frequency questionnaire at baseline, from which daily intakes of eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids as well as fish were estimated on the basis of diet and intakes of supplements including fish and cod liver oils. The main endpoint was a composite of coronary events, including coronary death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, and unstable angina pectoris.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (+/-SD) intakes of n-3 LCPUFAs in quartiles 1-4 were 0.58 +/- 0.29, 0.83 +/- 0.30, 1.36 +/- 0.44, and 2.64 +/- 1.18 g/d, respectively. We found no dose-response relation between quartiles of n-3 LCPUFAs (based on intake as percentage of total energy) or fish and coronary events or separate endpoints. A post hoc additive proportional hazards model showed a slightly increased risk of coronary events at an intake of n-3 LCPUFAs < approximately 0.30 g/d.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among Norwegian patients with CAD consuming relatively high amounts of n-3 LCPUFAs and fish, there were no significant trends toward a reduced risk of coronary events or mortality with increasing intakes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00354081.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Mari S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Manger
authors.forename: Elin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebbing
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Refsum
authors.forename: Jan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nordrehaug
authors.forename: Dennis W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Nilsen
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Drevon
authors.forename: Grethe S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Tell
authors.forename: Oyvind
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bleie
authors.forename: Stein E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Vollset
authors.forename: Eva R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Ottar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nygård
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010743:Phospholipids