title: Are coronary revascularization and myocardial infarction a homogeneous combined endpoint in hypertension trials? The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Construction of prognostically relevant endpoints for clinical trials in hypertension has increasingly included coronary revascularization with myocardial infarction (MI) as manifestations of coronary artery disease. However, whether coronary revascularization and MI predict other cardiovascular events similarly is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined risks of cardiovascular death, all-cause death, and stroke following MI or coronary revascularization in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) enrolled in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE). We studied 9113 patients after excluding those who died within 7 days after MI or underwent coronary revascularization within 24 h after MI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate Cox regression adjusting for participating countries, time-varying systolic blood pressure, and Framingham risk score, hazard ratios for cardiovascular death, all-cause death, and stroke were, respectively, 4.5 (P<0.0001), 2.9 (P<0.0001), and 1.9 (P=0.003) in 321 patients with MI as first event. In similar models, coronary revascularization as first event (n=202) was not associated with increased risks of cardiovascular death, all-cause death, and stroke (P=0.06-0.86).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During follow-up of hypertensive patients with LVH, occurrence of MI but not coronary revascularization as first cardiovascular event significantly increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular death, all-cause death, and stroke. In view of differences in prognostic implications, when the goal is to have a prognostically relevant composite endpoint for trials in hypertensive patients, caution should be used in combining coronary revascularization with MI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cicala
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Simone
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gerdts
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dahlöf
authors.forename: Lars H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: Sverre E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kjeldsen
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devereux
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019808:Losartan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D019808:Losartan