title: Effects of morroniside isolated from Corni Fructus on renal lipids and inflammation in type 2 diabetic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of morroniside isolated from Corni Fructus on renal lipids and inflammation provoked by hyperglycaemia were investigated using type 2 diabetic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morroniside was administered orally to db/db mice at 20 or 100 mg/kg daily for 8 weeks, and its effects were compared with those in vehicle-treated db/db and m/m (non-diabetic) mice. Serum and renal biochemical factors and protein expression related to lipid homeostasis and inflammation were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morroniside produced significant dose-dependent reductions in serum triglyceride and renal glucose and lipid levels. Morroniside altered the abnormal protein expression of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP-1 and SREBP-2). In addition, the formation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation were inhibited in the morroniside-treated db/db mouse group, and the ratio of reduced glutathione to the oxidised form was significantly elevated. These results suggest that morroniside alleviated oxidative stress in the kidneys of db/db mice. Furthermore, 100 mg/kg morroniside down-regulated the expression of nuclear factor-kappaBp65, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase augmented in db/db mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morroniside may inhibit abnormal lipid metabolism and inflammation due to reactive oxygen species in the kidneys in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Chan Hum
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jeong Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokozawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D029768:Cornus / Q000737:chemistry*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006027:Glycosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006027:Glycosides; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014280:Triglycerides; C488401:morroniside; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496321:Nos1 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D005947:Glucose