title: Pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, peumopericardium, and subcutaneous emphysema after colonoscopic examination.
abstract: Colonoscopy is regarded as a relatively safe procedure and is widely performed. However, complications such as bleeding, perforation, and coagulation syndromes can occur during colonoscopy. Although bowel perforation is as rare as 0.4-1.9% of cases, it is the most serious and awful adverse event which can lead to a death. Colon perforation may occur as either intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal, or in combination. Right subdiaphragmatic free air suggests intraperitoneal perforation while pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, and subcutaneous emphysema suggest extraperitoneal perforation. Combined intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal perforation is very rare. Herein, we present a case of combined intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal colon perforation which manifested as pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, and subcutaneous emphysema. The lesion was closed with endoscopic clipping.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Nark-Soon
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Dong Hun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Sun
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Ja Seol
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Hong Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee