title: Influence of chronic hormone replacement therapy on left ventricular mass and serum-ACE activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on left ventricular mass (LVM) and serum-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity (S-ACE) in well controlled hypertensive postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, randomized, crossover, double-blind trial we studied 20 well controlled hypertensive postmenopausal women who received 6 months of HRT and 6 months of placebo on top of antihypertensive treatment. Two-dimensional M-mode, office blood pressure, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABPM), S-estradiol and S-ACE activity were investigated at baseline, after 6 and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LVM was significantly influenced by HRT (analysis of variance, ANOVA, p<0.01). However, the order in randomization of HRT and placebo had an impact on the analysis of LVM reduction (baseline - HRT - placebo: ns; baseline - placebo - HRT: p<0.01 ANOVA). Only the women lacking blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) as antihypertensive treatment (n=10) experienced a reduction in LVM and a tendency of decreased S-ACE activity in response to HRT compared with baseline (p< 0.05 and p= 0.06 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six months of HRT resulted in significant reduction of LVM without any change in ABPM. HRT may reduce LVM through interaction with the RAAS, since hypertensive women without RAAS blockade exhibited an effect of HRT on LVM and S-ACE activity, which was not seen in women on RAAS blockade.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Department of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manhem
authors.forename: Bachar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ghanoum
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Milsom
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood*; D017698:Postmenopause; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A