title: Antioxidative characteristics and inhibition of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated melanogenesis of vanillin and vanillic acid from Origanum vulgare.
abstract: The antioxidant activities of vanillin and vanillic acid isolated from Origanum vulgare are investigated. These compounds may serve as agents for antimelanogenesis. Vanillic acid is a stronger antioxidant than vanillin, in terms of free radical scavenging activity, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The inhibition of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H(2)O(2)-treated BNLCL2 cells by vanillic acid exceeds that of ascorbic acid (AA) or trolox. In B16F0 cells stimulated with alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), vanillic acid reduced cellular tyrosinase activity, DOPA oxidase and melanin contents, as well as down-regulated expressions of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related proteins 2 (TRP-2) and TRP-1. Vanillin did not express inhibition of tyrosinase activity. These results supported that vanillic acid is a significantly stronger antioxidant than vanillin and exhibited stronger antimelanogenesis performance because of the structural presence of the carboxyl group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzung-Han
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Hsiou-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Wei Jing
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Chia-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D023421:Models, Animal; D031341:Origanum; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014641:Vanillic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D008543:Melanins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D000521:alpha-MSH; C100058:vanillin; D014641:Vanillic Acid