title: Breaking bad news in inpatient clinical settings: role of the nurse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is a report of an exploration of the role of the nurse in the process of breaking bad news in the inpatient clinical setting and the provision of education and support for nurses carrying out this role.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The term 'breaking bad news' is mostly associated with the moment when negative medical information is shared with a patient or relative. However, it can also be seen as a process of interactions that take place before, during and after bad news is broken. Little research has been conducted exploring the role of the nurse in the process of breaking bad news in the inpatient clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was developed using Likert scales and open text questions. Data collection took place in 2007. Fifty-nine inpatient areas took part in the study; 335 questionnaires were distributed in total and 236 were completed (response rate 70%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurses engaged in diverse breaking bad news activities at many points in care pathways. Relationships with patients and relatives and uncontrolled and unplanned events shaped the context in which they provided this care. Little formal education or support for this work had been received.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Guidance for breaking bad news should encompass the whole process of doing this and acknowledge the challenges nurses face in the inpatient clinical area. Developments in education and support are required that reflect the challenges that nurses encounter in the inpatient care setting.
authors.affiliation: Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK. clare.warnock@sth.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Warnock
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tod
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soreny
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000592:standards; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014342:Truth Disclosure