title: Delayed pre-conditioning by 3-nitropropionic acid prevents 3,4-methylenedioxymetamphetamine-induced 5-HT deficits.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether late pre-conditioning using 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP) prevents the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) deficits caused by the amphetamine derivative 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in the rat. For this purpose we administered 3NP 24 h before MDMA (3 x 5 mg/kg i.p., every 2 h) and rats were killed 7 days later. Pre-treatment of 3NP afforded complete protection against MDMA-induced 5-HT deficits independent of any effect on MDMA-induced hyperthermia or 5-HT transporter activity. To identify the transductional mechanisms responsible for the neuroprotective effect of 3NP, we first examined the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) by using selective inhibitors of all three nitric oxide synthase isoforms. Inhibition of endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase, but not inducible nitric oxide synthase, reversed 3NP-induced pre-conditioning. The NO donor S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicilamine mimicked 3NP effects further suggesting the involvement of NO in mediating 3NP protection. To investigate the involvement of NOS/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/protein kinase G/mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoK(ATP)) signaling pathway we examined the effect of 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), a selective mitoK(ATP) blocker, and 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one, a potent inhibitor of sGC, on 3NP-induced tolerance. 5-hydroxydecanoate, but not 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one, suppressed 3NP-mediated protection suggesting that mitoK(ATP) opening, but not NO-mediated activation of sGC, participates in the mechanism underlying tolerance to MDMA. Our data also showed that the protective effect of 3NP was abolished by cycloheximide, supporting the involvement of de novo protein synthesis. In conclusion, 3NP-induced delayed tolerance against 5-HT deficits caused by MDMA occurs via NO production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puerta
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pastor
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dvoracek
authors.forename: María D M
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: de Saavedra
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goñi-Allo
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jordán
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hervias
authors.forename: Norberto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aguirre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011422:Propionates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012701:Serotonin / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000633:toxicity; D018490:Serotonin Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011422:Propionates; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D018490:Serotonin Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012701:Serotonin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; C015392:3-nitropropionic acid