title: Parental postoperative pain management: attitudes, assessment, and management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies suggested that parents frequently do not adequately treat postoperative pain that is experienced at home. Reasons for these parental practices have not been extensively studied. Aims of this study were to examine parental postoperative pain assessment and management practices at home as well potential attitudinal barriers to such pain practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a longitudinal study involving 132 parents of children who were aged 2 to 12 years and undergoing elective outpatient surgery. Parental attitudes about pain assessment and management were assessed preoperatively, and children's pain severity and analgesic administration were assessed postoperatively for the first 48 hours after discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although postoperative parental ratings indicated significant pain, parents provided a median of only 1 dose of analgesics (range: 0-3) during the first 48 hours after surgery. In the attitudinal survey, parents' responses have indicated significant barriers. For example, 52% of parents indicated that analgesics are addictive, and 73% reported worries concerning adverse effects. Also, 37% of parents thought that "the less often children receive analgesics, the better they work." Regression analysis demonstrated that, overall, more preoperative attitudinal barriers to pain management were significantly associated with provision of fewer doses of analgesics by parents (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents detected pain in their children yet provided few doses of analgesics. Parents may benefit from interventions that provide them with information that addresses individual barriers regarding assessing and treating pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. yaffazisk@gmail.com
authors.forename: Rachel Yaffa Zisk
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Rony
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fortier
authors.forename: Jill MacLaren
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chorney
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perret
authors.forename: Zeev N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Kain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics