title: Heme biosynthesis is coupled to electron transport chains for energy generation.
abstract: Cellular energy generation uses membrane-localized electron transfer chains for ATP synthesis. Formed ATP in turn is consumed for the biosynthesis of cellular building blocks. In contrast, heme cofactor biosynthesis was found driving ATP generation via electron transport after initial ATP consumption. The FMN enzyme protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (HemG) of Escherichia coli abstracts six electrons from its substrate and transfers them via ubiquinone, cytochrome bo(3) (Cyo) and cytochrome bd (Cyd) oxidase to oxygen. Under anaerobic conditions electrons are transferred via menaquinone, fumarate (Frd) and nitrate reductase (Nar). Cyo, Cyd and Nar contribute to the proton motive force that drives ATP formation. Four electron transport chains from HemG via diverse quinones to Cyo, Cyd, Nar, and Frd were reconstituted in vitro from purified components. Characterization of E. coli mutants deficient in nar, frd, cyo, cyd provided in vivo evidence for a detailed model of heme biosynthesis coupled energy generation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, University Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany.
authors.forename: Kalle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Möbius
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arias-Cartin
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Breckau
authors.forename: Anna-Lena
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hännig
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riedmann
authors.forename: Rebekka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biedendieck
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: Dörte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Becher
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magalon
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jahn
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jahn
mesh_terms: D055162:Biocatalysis; D003573:Cytochrome b Group / Q000378:metabolism; D004579:Electron Transport; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005415:Flavins / Q000378:metabolism; D006418:Heme / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009154:Mutation; D050901:Nitrate Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D050768:Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003573:Cytochrome b Group; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005415:Flavins; D006418:Heme; C493977:HemG protein, E coli; D050768:Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase; D050901:Nitrate Reductase