title: Diffusion tensor imaging of heterotopia: changes of fractional anisotropy during radial migration of neurons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diffusion tensor imaging provides better understanding of pathophysiology of congenital anomalies, involving central nervous system. This study was aimed to specify the pathogenetic mechanism of heterotopia, proved by diffusion tensor imaging, and establish new findings of heterotopia on fractional anisotropy maps.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diffusion-weighted imaging data from 11 patients (M : F = 7 : 4, aged from 1 to 22 years, mean = 12.3 years) who visited the epilepsy clinic and received a routine seizure protocol MRI exam were retrospectively analyzed. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were generated from diffusion tensor imaging of 11 patients with heterotopia. Regions of interests (ROI) were placed in cerebral cortex, heterotopic gray matter and deep gray matter, including putamen. ANOVA analysis was performed for comparison of different gray matter tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heterotopic gray matter showed signal intensities similar to normal gray matter on T1 and T2 weighted MRI. The measured FA of heterotopic gray matter was higher than that of cortical gray matter (0.236 +/- 0.011 vs. 0.169 +/- 0.015, p < 0.01, one way ANOVA), and slightly lower than that of deep gray matter (0.236 +/- 0.011 vs. 0.259 +/- 0.016, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased FA of heterotopic gray matter suggests arrested neuron during radial migration and provides better understanding of neurodevelopment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea. slee@yuhs.ac
authors.forename: Seung-Koo
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jinna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016880:Anisotropy; D002465:Cell Movement; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D054081:Malformations of Cortical Development, Group II / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*