title: Long-term safety and effectiveness of lopinavir/ritonavir in antiretroviral-experienced HIV-1-infected children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in a population-based cohort of HIV-1-infected children.
  
  
  METHODS
  All children enrolled in the Swiss Mother and Child HIV Cohort Study, treated with LPV/r-based combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) between November 2000 and October 2008, were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  88 children (25 (28%) protease inhibitor (PI)-naive, 16 (18%) ART-naive) were analysed (251 patient-years on LPV/r). After 48 weeks on LPV/r, 70 children had a median (interquartile range (IQR)) decrease in HIV-1 viral load of 4.25 log (5.45-3.17; PI-naive, n=17) and 2.53 (3.68-1.38; PI-experienced, n=53). Median (IQR) increase in CD4 count was 429 (203-593; PI-naive) and 177 (21-331; PI-experienced) cells/microl. These effects remained stable throughout 192 weeks for 25 children. Treatment was stopped for viral rebound in seven and suspected toxicity in 12 children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term treatment with LPV/r-based cART is safe and effective in HIV-1-infected children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, University Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. christoph.rudin@unibas.ch
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rudin
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolbers
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nadal
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rickenbach
authors.forename: Heiner C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Bucher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D061466:Lopinavir; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D061466:Lopinavir; D019438:Ritonavir