title: Conservative interventions provide short-term relief for non-specific neck pain: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Which interventions for non-specific neck pain are effective in reducing pain or disability?
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults with non-specific neck pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  All interventions for neck pain that were evaluated in trials with a placebo, minimal- or no-intervention control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain and disability outcomes (0-100 scale) at the conclusion of a course of treatment (short term), and in the medium (3 to 9 months) and long (> 9 months) term.
  
  
  RESULTS
  33 trials were identified. The interventions with significant short-term effects on pain were manipulation (MD -22, 95% CI -32 to -11), multimodal intervention (MD -21, 95% CI -34 to -7), specific exercise (MD -12, 95% CI -22 to -2), combination orphenadrine/paracetamol (MD -17, 95% CI -32 to -2), and manual therapy (MD -12, 95% CI -16 to -7). There was a significant short-term effect on disability for acupuncture (MD -8, 95% CI -13 to -2) and manual therapy (MD -6, 95% CI -11 to -2). Treatment with laser therapy resulted in better pain outcomes at medium-term follow-up but not at short-term follow-up. No other intervention demonstrated medium- or long-term effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some conservative interventions for neck pain are effective in the short term. Few interventions that have been investigated have shown longer term effects that are better than placebo or minimal intervention.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. andrew.leaver@sydney.edu.au
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leaver
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Refshauge
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: McAuley
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008280:Magnetics; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012064:Relaxation Therapy