title: Narghile (water pipe) smoking among university students in Jordan: prevalence, pattern and beliefs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Narghile is becoming the favorite form of tobacco use by youth globally. This problem has received more attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and pattern of narghile use among students in three public Jordanian universities; to assess their beliefs about narghile's adverse health consequences; and to evaluate their awareness of oral health and oral hygiene.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a cross-sectional survey of university students. A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was distributed randomly to university students in three public Jordanian universities during December, 2008. The questionnaire was designed to ask specific questions that are related to smoking in general, and to narghile smoking in specific. There were also questions about oral health awareness and oral hygiene practices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  36.8% of the surveyed sample indicated they were smokers comprising 61.9% of the male students and 10.7% of the female students in the study sample. Cigarettes and narghile were the preferred smoking methods among male students (42%). On the other hand, female students preferred narghile only (53%). Parental smoking status but not their educational level was associated with the students smoking status. Smokers had also significantly poor dental attendance and poor oral hygiene habits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirmed the spreading narghile epidemic among young people in Jordan like the neighboring countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region. Alarming signs were the poor oral health awareness among students particularly smokers.
authors.affiliation: Dept, of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. najla_dar_odeh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Najla S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Dar-Odeh
authors.forename: Faris G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Bakri
authors.forename: Mahmoud K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Al-Omiri
authors.forename: Hamzeh M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Al-Mashni
authors.forename: Hazem A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Eimar
authors.forename: Ameen S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Khraisat
authors.forename: Shatha Mk
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Abu-Hammad
authors.forename: Abdul-Aziz F
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dudeen
authors.forename: Mohamed Nur
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.forename: Samer M Zied
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Alkilani
authors.forename: Louai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Al-Shami
authors.forename: Osama A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Abu-Hammad