title: A new approach for chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurement at high salinity and low organic matter samples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is used as a discharge standard parameter in wastewater treatment plant design, environmental modelling and many other applications. Chloride interference is an important problem of COD measurement for wastewaters containing low organic matter and high chloride concentrations. In case of chloride concentrations up to 2,000 mg/L, mercury sulphate addition at a ratio of 10:1 (HgSO(4):Cl(-)) can adequately mask the interference. When chloride concentration exceeds 2,000 mg/L, this ratio becomes ineffective to hinder the interference. At this point, it is proposed to use a greater and constant ratio of mercury sulphate addition. However, this application sometimes results in extra mercury sulphate addition which is not necessary. Even in some cases, greater addition of mercury sulphate alone is not a solution to erroneous measurement results. The purpose of the study is to determine optimum HgSO(4):Cl(-) ratios according to the chloride concentrations of the samples and to show the importance of the strength of the digestion solution for the correct determination of the COD parameter.
  
  
  METHODS
  CODs of the synthetic samples containing varying COD and chloride concentrations were measured by closed reflux colorimetric method using three digestion solutions having different strengths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It is indicated in this study that a constant ratio of mercury sulphate can only prevent chloride interference up to a specific chloride concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Achieving high precision results in case of low organic matter and high chloride concentration can only be possible by both decreasing the concentration of oxidant and adding mercury sulphate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University Civil Engineering Faculty, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
authors.forename: Necati
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kayaalp
authors.forename: Mustafa Evren
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ersahin
authors.forename: Hale
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozgun
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koyuncu
authors.forename: Cumali
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kinaci
mesh_terms: D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D017669:Mercury Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D054712:Salinity; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D017669:Mercury Compounds; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013431:Sulfates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C028430:mercuric sulfate; D010100:Oxygen