title: A questionnaire study of cervical cancer screening beliefs and practices of Chinese and Caucasian mother-daughter pairs living in Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Papanicolaou (Pap) testing rates among Chinese women remain low compared with their Caucasian counterparts despite extensive efforts to raise awareness of the importance of regular screening. We examined three potential predictors of Pap testing behaviour in Chinese women: acculturation, cervical cancer screening belief accuracy, and intergenerational transmission.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caucasian (n = 78) and Chinese (n = 93) female university students and their mothers completed questionnaires concerning acculturation, Pap testing beliefs, and behaviours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethnic group comparisons revealed that Chinese daughters and mothers had lower Pap testing rates and less accurate beliefs regarding cervical cancer screening. Among women who had had at least one Pap test, there was no ethnic difference in the proportion of women who adhered to the recommended screening frequency. Among the Chinese women, lower heritage acculturation was correlated with higher cancer screening belief accuracy in both the daughters and their mothers. Maternal Pap testing behaviour was predicted by level of cancer screening belief accuracy, whereas daughters' Pap testing behaviour was predicted by previous experience of sexual intercourse and heritage acculturation. No intergenerational transmission of Pap testing beliefs or behaviours was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accuracy of cancer screening beliefs, level of acculturation and experience of sexual intercourse may be predictors of Pap testing behaviour in Chinese women. Contrary to our prediction, we found no support for intergenerational transmission, suggesting that Pap testing beliefs and behaviours of Chinese women are independent of the beliefs and behaviours of their mothers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC.
authors.forename: Sabrina C H
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jane S T
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Boris B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Gorzalka
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brotto
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D002170:Canada; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009679:Nuclear Family; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D044465:White People