title: Hepatocyte growth factor is a significant risk factor for white matter lesions in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of white matter lesions (WML) is an important prognostic factor for the development of stroke. Elevated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels are associated with a high mortality rate in type 2 diabetic patients. The preliminary study was therefore designed to test the hypothesis that the presence of WML correlates with HGF and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients not receiving insulin treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on brain magnetic resonance imaging, 92 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into two groups: WML-positive group (age 60 +/- 5 years, mean +/- SD, n = 35) and WML-negative group (age 59 +/- 6 years, mean +/- SD, n = 57. The level of blood glucose was assessed by fasting plasma glucose, fasting immunoreactive insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The body mass index was higher in the WML-positive group than that in the WML-negative group (P < 0.005). Plasma levels of triglycerides were higher while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in the WML-positive group than in the WML-negative group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.0001 respectively). Fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.0001), insulin concentrations (P < 0.0001), HOMA index (P < 0.0001) and HGF (< 0.0001) levels were higher in the WML-positive group than in the WML-negative group. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that WML was independently predicted by the high HGF and insulin resistance (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this preliminary study indicate that the presence of WML was associated with the high HGF and insulin resistance in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Oita Red Cross Hospital, Oita, Japan. anan-f@med.oita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anan
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Kimiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jikumaru
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwao
authors.forename: Nobuoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eshima
authors.forename: Tetsunori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saikawa
authors.forename: Hronobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshimatsu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D007564:Japan; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor