title: The association between oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphisms and affective temperaments, as measured by TEMPS-A.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxytocin is associated with social interaction, trust, and affectivity. Affective temperaments are traits based on Kraepelin's typological definition of the "fundamental states" of manic-depressive illness. These states can be measured by the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire version (TEMPS-A). The objective of this study is to assess the association between oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphisms and affective temperaments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants consisted of 493 genetically unrelated, non-clinical Japanese subjects (307 males and 186 females). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to screen and exclude those who had a lifetime diagnosis of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders. Fifteen OXTR tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using TaqMan® or direct sequencing. The Haploview 4.1. software determined the haplotype block structure. Haplotype-based quantitative trait association analysis with Bonferroni correction using PLINK 1.06 software was used to assess the association between haplotypes and the following affective temperaments: depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable, and anxious.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two haplotype blocks were identified on the OXTR. The depressive temperament was significantly associated with the most frequent haplotype GGGTGTC (rs11131149/rs2243370/rs2243369/rs13316193/rs2254298/rs2268493/rs2268491) (corrected P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study consisted of participants from a corporation and the effect sizes were small.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that an OXTR haplotype is associated with a discrete depressive temperament. Clarification of the biological basis of this temperamental trait may help to elucidate the pathophysiology of depressive disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan. yoshiya-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Xiaoxi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otowa
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kakiuchi
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umekage
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Hagop S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Akiskal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003527:Cyclothymic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011594:Psychometrics; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin / Q000235:genetics*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013694:Temperament
chemical_list: D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin