title: Shear bond strength of composite bonded with three adhesives to Er,Cr:YSGG laser-prepared enamel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess in vitro the shear bond strength of a nanohybrid composite resin bonded with three adhesive systems to enamel surfaces prepared with acid and Er,Cr:YSGG laser etching.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty extracted caries- and restoration-free human maxillary central incisors were used. The teeth were sectioned 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction. The crowns were embedded in autopolymerizing acrylic resin with the labial surfaces facing up. The labial surfaces were prepared with 0.5-mm reduction to receive composite veneers. Thirty specimens were etched with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. This group was also divided into three subgroups, and the following three bonding systems were then applied on the laser groups and the other three unlased groups: (1) 37% phosphoric acid etch + Bond 1 primer/adhesive (Pentron); (2) Nano-bond self-etch primer (Pentron) + Nano-bond adhesive (Pentron); and (3) all-in-one adhesive-single dose (Futurabond NR, Voco). All of the groups were restored with a nanohybrid composite resin (Smile, Pentron). Shear bond strength was measured with a Zwick universal test device with a knife-edge loading head. The data were analyzed with two-factor ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in shear bond strength between self-etch primer + adhesive and all-in-one adhesive systems for nonetched and laser-etched enamel groups (P > .05). However, bond strength values for the laser-etched + Bond 1 primer/adhesive group (48.00 +/- 13.86 MPa) were significantly higher than the 37% phosphoric acid + Bond 1 primer/adhesive group (38.95 +/- 20.07 MPa) (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Er,Cr:YSGG laser-powered hydrokinetic system etched the enamel surface more effectively than 37% phosphoric acid for subsequent attachment of composite material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Marmara, Istanbul, Turkey. caferturkmen@marmara.edu.tr
authors.forename: Cafer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Türkmen
authors.forename: Hesna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sazak-Oveçoğlu
authors.forename: Mahir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Günday
authors.forename: Gülşad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Güngör
authors.forename: Meral
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durkan
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oksüz
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: C115611:BOND-1 adhesive; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; C514426:Nano-Bond primer dual-cure adhesive; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C512545:futurabond NR; C030242:phosphoric acid