Molecular probes for malignant melanoma imaging.
Malignant melanoma represents a serious public health problem and is a deadly disease when it is diagnosed at late stage. Though (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has been widely used clinically for melanoma imaging, other approaches to specifically identify, characterize, monitor and guide therapeutics for malignant melanoma are still needed. Consequently, many probes targeting general molecular events including metabolism, angiogenesis, hypoxia and apoptosis in melanoma have been successfully developed. Furthermore, probes targeting melanoma associated targets such as melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R), melanin, etc. have undergone active investigation and have demonstrated high melanoma specificity. In this review, these molecular probes targeting diverse melanoma biomarkers have been summarized. Some of them may eventually contribute to the improvement of personalized management of malignant melanoma.
Ren
Gang
G
Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5344, USA.
Pan
Ying
Y
Cheng
Zhen
Z
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015335:Molecular Probes; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015335:Molecular Probes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals