title: Fractionation and identification of organic nitrogen species from bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge.
abstract: Pyrolysis of sewage sludge was performed at 500 degrees C and a sweeping gas flow rate of 300 cm(3)/min in a drop tube furnace. Liquid fraction (i.e., bio-oil) from the sewage sludge pyrolysis was separated by silica-gel column chromatography (SGCC) with different solvents, including mixed solvents, as eluants. A series of alkanenitriles (C(13)-C(18)), oleamide, alkenenitrile, fatty acid amides and aromatic nitrogen species were fractionated from the bio-oil by SGCC and analyzed with a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Most of the GC/MS-detectable organic nitrogen species (ONSs) are lactams, amides and N-heterocyclic compounds, among which acetamide is the most abundant. N-heterocyclics with 1-3 rings, including pyrrole, pyridine, indole, benzoimidazole, carbazole, norharman and harman, were observed. The lactams detected include pyrrolidin-2-one, succinimide, phathalimide, glutarimide, piperidin-2-one and 3-isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, all of which should be formed via decarboxylation and cyclization of gamma- and delta-amino acids. Such a procedure provides an effective approach to fractionation and identification of ONSs from bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan. beyondcao@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jing-Pei
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: Xian-Yong
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takarada
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000032:analysis; D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009570:Nitriles / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D056804:Biofuels; D009570:Nitriles; D009821:Oils; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012722:Sewage; D009584:Nitrogen