title: HLJ1 is a novel caspase-3 substrate and its expression enhances UV-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma.
abstract: Carcinogenesis is determined based on both cell proliferation and death rates. Recent studies demonstrate that heat shock proteins (HSPs) regulate apoptosis. HLJ1, a member of the DnaJ-like Hsp40 family, is a newly identified tumor suppressor protein closely related to relapse and survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, its role in apoptosis is currently unknown. In this study, NSCLC cell lines displaying varying HLJ1 expression levels were subjected to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, followed by flow cytometry. Interestingly, the percentages of apoptotic cells in the seven cell lines examined were positively correlated with HLJ1 expression. Enforcing expression of HLJ1 in low-HLJ1 expressing highly invasive cells promoted UV-induced apoptosis through enhancing JNK and caspase-3 activation in NSCLC. Additionally, UV irradiation led to reduced levels of HLJ1 predominantly in apoptotic cells. The pan-caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk and caspase-3-specific inhibitor, DEVD-fmk, prevented UV-induced degradation of HLJ1 by the late stage of apoptosis. Further experiments revealed a non-typical caspase-3 cleavage site (MEID) at amino acid 125-128 of HLJ1. Our results collectively suggest that HLJ1 is a novel substrate of caspase-3 during the UV-induced apoptotic process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sheng-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chi-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hsueh
authors.forename: Sung-Liang
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chih-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Weng-Yoon
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Shum
authors.forename: Kuan-Chuan
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Gee-Chen
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jeremy J W
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050956:HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: C494650:DNAJB4 protein, human; D050956:HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D053148:Caspase 3