title: Effect of repeated refrigerant spray applications using various carriers on pulpal temperature change.
abstract: This study sought to determine how repeated applications of a refrigerant spray on various cotton carriers affected the change in pulpal temperature. A thermocouple was placed at the roof of the pulp chamber of a human maxillary canine and connected to a thermometer logging at one-second intervals while the root was immersed in a water bath at 37 degrees C. Four different carrier types were used: large cotton pellets, small cotton pellets, cotton-tip applicators, and cotton rolls. Each carrier was sprayed with 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and placed on the crown for five seconds. Pulpal temperature change was recorded after each five second application of the same carrier to the tooth until a total of six consecutive sprays and applications of the carrier were applied. Each carrier group consisted of 10 performances of the six sets of readings (n = 10). The difference between baseline and the low temperature reading was calculated to determine the temperature change (in degrees C) in the pulp chamber per application. When the refrigerant spray was used, the large cotton pellet carrier generally produced the largest decrease in pulpal temperature at each repeated application compared to the other types of carriers. However, the same large cotton pellet should not be sprayed with the refrigerant more than two times before it is replaced.
authors.affiliation: Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Garza
authors.forename: Kraig S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Vandewalle
authors.forename: Kent A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sabey
authors.forename: Garrett J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Chol H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chong
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000335:Aerosol Propellants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000336:Aerosols; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001831:Body Temperature; D003080:Cold Temperature; D032561:Cotton Fiber; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000502:physiology*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000502:physiology; D003791:Dental Pulp Test / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004980:Ethane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D000335:Aerosol Propellants; D000336:Aerosols; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; C063006:norflurane; D004980:Ethane; D005466:Fluorocarbons