title: Adolescent diet and subsequent serum hormones, breast density, and bone mineral density in young women: results of the Dietary Intervention Study in Children follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescent diet is hypothesized to influence breast cancer risk. We evaluated the long-term effects of an intervention to lower fat intake among adolescent girls on biomarkers that are related to breast cancer risk in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A follow-up study was conducted on 230 girls who participated in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC), in which healthy, prepubertal, 8 to 10 year olds were randomly assigned to usual care or to a behavioral intervention that promoted a reduced fat diet. Participants were 25 to 29 years old at follow-up visits. All tests of statistical significance are two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In analyses that did not take account of diet at the time of the follow-up visit, the only statistically significant treatment group difference was higher bone mineral content in intervention group participants compared with usual care group participants; their mean bone mineral contents were 2,444 and 2,377 g, respectively. After adjustment for current diet, the intervention group also had statistically significantly higher bone mineral density and luteal phase serum estradiol concentrations. Serum progesterone concentrations and breast density did not differ by treatment group in unadjusted or adjusted analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results do not support the hypothesis that consumption of a lower fat diet during adolescence reduces breast cancer risk via effects on subsequent serum estradiol and progesterone levels, breast density, or bone mineral density. It remains unclear, however, if the results are specific to the DISC intervention or are more broadly applicable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modest reductions in fat intake during adolescence are unlikely to lower later breast cancer risk via long-term effects on the biomarkers measured.
authors.affiliation: Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA. joanne.dorgan@fccc.edu
authors.forename: Joanne F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dorgan
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klifa
authors.forename: Nola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hylton
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: Frank Z
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Stanczyk
authors.forename: Linda G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Snetselaar
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Horn
authors.forename: Victor J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.forename: Peter O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Kwiterovich
authors.forename: Norman L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Lasser
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Himes
authors.forename: Kelley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pettee Gabriel
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kriska
authors.forename: Elizabeth H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ruder
authors.forename: Carolyn Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Barton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D001940:Breast / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D042341:Gonadal Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D042341:Gonadal Hormones; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol