title: Postural instability is associated with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment in the elderly: the J-SHIPP study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mobility impairment in older adults has been suggested to be a marker of subclinical structural and functional brain abnormalities. We investigated a possible association between static postural instability and brain abnormalities and cognitive decline.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects were 390 community residents without definitive dementia (67 +/- 7 years old) and 21 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain atrophy was measured by MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mobility of the posturography-measured center of gravity (COG) was positively associated with the temporal horn area (THA; r = 0.260; p < 0.001). Subjects who could not stand on one leg for >40 s (n = 102) showed a significantly larger THA (22 +/- 18 vs. 14 +/- 11 x 10(-2) cm(2); p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis identified COG path length (beta = 0.118; p = 0.032) and one-leg standing time (beta = 0.176; p = 0.001) as independent determinants of THA. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects (n = 61) had a significantly enlarged THA compared to that of normal cognitive subjects (22 +/- 16 vs. 16 +/- 13 x 10(-2) cm(2); p = 0.002). AD patients showed a more enlarged THA (78 +/- 55 x 10(-2) cm(2)). Subjects with cognitive decline showed a significantly shorter one-leg standing time (normal: 50 +/- 17 s; MCI: 42 +/- 21 s; AD: 18 +/- 20s; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced postural stability was an independent marker of brain atrophy and pathological cognitive decline in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tōn City, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabara
authors.forename: Michiya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igase
authors.forename: Namiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uetani
authors.forename: Tokihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors