title: Nicotine replacement therapy use among adolescent smokers seeking cessation treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the correlates of prior nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in an urban sample of adolescent smokers seeking smoking cessation treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents were recruited via radio, TV and print advertisements for participation in treatment studies. Participants completed a structured interview usinga prescreeningquestionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected via a telephone interview by trained research personnel.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample (N=1879) cessation treatment-seeking volunteer boys (38.2%) and girls (61.8%) aged 12 to 17 years, from a diverse ethnic background residing in the Baltimore, Maryland metropolitan area.
  
  
  METHODS
  No interventions were used in this observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Use of NRT in adolescents stratified by age, Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and race/ethnicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample had a mean FTND score of 5.7 (SD = 2.2). About 41% smoked 11 to 20 cigarettes per day. Adolescent smokers who had used NRT were statistically but only marginally older than those who had not (15.9 vs 15.7 years; t-test= -2.60, P=0.01). FTND score, a measure of nicotine dependence, was higher among those who had used NRT (6.0 vs 5.6; t-test= -3.37, P= .001). African American adolescents were less likely to have used NRT than their European American counterparts (33.0% vs 61.2%; chi2=16.09, P<.003). After stepwise logistic regression analyses, age, FTND and race/ethnicity remained predictors of NRT use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show differences in NRT use patterns based on age, FTND, and race/ethnicity. European American youths are more likely than their 'other' counterparts to use NRT, after adjusting for age and smoking severity, whereas, African American youth are less likely than their 'other' counterparts to use NRT. These findings suggest racial/ethnic disparities in accessing smoking cessation modalities among adolescents. Further research is needed to fully elucidate factors contributing to these differences in order to facilitate increased smoking cessation rates among all adolescents.
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Intramural Research Program, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Botello-Harbaum
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Eric T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Moolchan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D015142:Baltimore; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012651:Self Medication; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D014505:Urban Population; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D009538:Nicotine