title: Long-term physico-chemical stability of standard parenteral nutritions for neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two ready-to-use parenteral nutritions (PN) have been developed, for the first days of life of the premature newborn, along with syringes of lipid emulsion with or without vitamins. Long-term physico-chemical stability for storage in wards was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physico-chemical stability of PN: visual inspection, particle size, pH, osmolarity measurement, amino acids, glucose, and electrolytes dosages. Physico-chemical stability of lipid emulsion: visual inspection, globule size, peroxide level and vitamins A, E, and C dosages. Stability was studied for 12 weeks on refrigerated (2-8 °C) and room temperature (30 ± 2 °C) samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No precipitation was detected in any PN. A brown coloration was observed in PN stored for four weeks at room temperature but not in the refrigerator. Concentrations of all the nutrients remained constant over the 12 week-study period. Phase separation of the lipid emulsion occurred after three weeks, but particle size complied with the USP limits for 12 weeks. Peroxide content increased only in the samples without vitamins at room temperature. Vitamins remained stable for one week under refrigeration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PN did not present a detectable change of the tested properties when refrigerated for 12 weeks. The lipid emulsion with vitamins is stable for one week when refrigerated.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. lucie.bouchoud@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bouchoud
authors.forename: Farshid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sadeghipour
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klingmüller
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fonzo-Christe
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonnabry
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000592:standards; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage / Q000592:standards*; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000592:standards*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D014815:Vitamins