Creation of a bacterial cell controlled by a chemically synthesized genome.
We report the design, synthesis, and assembly of the 1.08-mega-base pair Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0 genome starting from digitized genome sequence information and its transplantation into a M. capricolum recipient cell to create new M. mycoides cells that are controlled only by the synthetic chromosome. The only DNA in the cells is the designed synthetic DNA sequence, including "watermark" sequences and other designed gene deletions and polymorphisms, and mutations acquired during the building process. The new cells have expected phenotypic properties and are capable of continuous self-replication.
Gibson
Daniel G
DG
The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Glass
John I
JI
Lartigue
Carole
C
Noskov
Vladimir N
VN
Chuang
Ray-Yuan
RY
Algire
Mikkel A
MA
Benders
Gwynedd A
GA
Montague
Michael G
MG
Ma
Li
L
Moodie
Monzia M
MM
Merryman
Chuck
C
Vashee
Sanjay
S
Krishnakumar
Radha
R
Assad-Garcia
Nacyra
N
Andrews-Pfannkoch
Cynthia
C
Denisova
Evgeniya A
EA
Young
Lei
L
Qi
Zhi-Qing
ZQ
Segall-Shapiro
Thomas H
TH
Calvey
Christopher H
CH
Parmar
Prashanth P
PP
Hutchison
Clyde A
CA
Smith
Hamilton O
HO
Venter
J Craig
JC
D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D001483:Base Sequence; D057005:Bioengineering; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D045623:Mycoplasma capricolum / Q000235:genetics*; D009176:Mycoplasma mycoides / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010641:Phenotype; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial