title: The unique hypusine modification of eIF5A promotes islet beta cell inflammation and dysfunction in mice.
abstract: In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, pancreatic islet dysfunction results in part from cytokine-mediated inflammation. The ubiquitous eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), which is the only protein to contain the amino acid hypusine, contributes to the production of proinflammatory cytokines. We therefore investigated whether eIF5A participates in the inflammatory cascade leading to islet dysfunction during the development of diabetes. As described herein, we found that eIF5A regulates iNOS levels and that eIF5A depletion as well as the inhibition of hypusination protects against glucose intolerance in inflammatory mouse models of diabetes. We observed that following knockdown of eIF5A expression, mice were resistant to beta cell loss and the development of hyperglycemia in the low-dose streptozotocin model of diabetes. The depletion of eIF5A led to impaired translation of iNOS-encoding mRNA within the islet. A role for the hypusine residue of eIF5A in islet inflammatory responses was suggested by the observation that inhibition of hypusine synthesis reduced translation of iNOS-encoding mRNA in rodent beta cells and human islets and protected mice against the development of glucose intolerance the low-dose streptozotocin model of diabetes. Further analysis revealed that hypusine is required in part for nuclear export of iNOS-encoding mRNA, a process that involved the export protein exportin1. These observations identify the hypusine modification of eIF5A as a potential therapeutic target for preserving islet function under inflammatory conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogihara
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Trace
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tersey
authors.forename: Reiesha D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Swarup K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.forename: Craig S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Nunemaker
authors.forename: Natalie D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Stull
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Dondero
authors.forename: Eli C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dinarello
authors.forename: Jerry L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nadler
authors.forename: Raghavendra G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Mirmira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism*; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097574:Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5A
chemical_list: D008239:Lysine; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D000097574:Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5A; C100028:hypusine