title: Treatment of plagiocephaly with helmet molding therapy: do actual results mimic perception?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Actual and perceived improvements from helmet molding therapy for deformational plagiocephaly are demonstrated here. Effective communication of these data by craniofacial teams can help avoid unrealistic expectations and inform parents of expected outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of 61 patients with plagiocephaly were asked to rate their children's head shape and ear position before and after helmet therapy (a score of 1 being abnormal and 10 being normal). Topographic laser head scans for an aged-matched cohort of 91 patients with deformational plagiocephaly were acquired. Cephalic ratio, overall symmetry ratio, radial symmetry index, ear offset, and left and right oblique were recorded before and after molding. The cranial vault asymmetry index (CVSI) score was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parent ratings before and after molding, respectively, were head shape 2.99 ± 1.50 (mean ± SD) versus 7.88 ± 1.64 (p < .0001) and ear position 3.75 ± 2.5 versus 7.73 ± 2.34 (p < 0.0001). Measurements before and after molding were cephalic ratio 0.89 ± 0.07 versus 0.87 ± 0.08 (p < .0001), overall symmetry index 0.87 ± 0.05 versus 0.90 ± 0.04 (p < .0001), radial symmetry index 59.9 ± 26.9 mm versus 46.3 ± 25.1 mm (p < .0001), CVSI 7.2 ± 3.75 versus 4.8 ± 2.8 (p < .0001), and ear offset 5.7 versus 5.5 mm (p  =  .58).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Helmet molding produces reproducible changes in head shape. Despite relatively small actual changes on topographic laser imaging, parents perceive a large correction in head shape and ear position following helmet molding. Craniofacial teams can use these data and head scans before helmet molding to provide parents with realistic expectations for the outcome of their child's helmet molding therapy.
authors.forename: Evan B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Katzel
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Koltz
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sbitany
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Girotto
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D059041:Plagiocephaly / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome