title: Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.): extraction of shikimic acid coupled to dilute acid pretreatment.
abstract: Liquidambar styraciflua L., also known as sweetgum, is an understory hardwood species that has widespread distribution in the southeast USA, especially in pine plantations. In addition to being a possible biorefinery feedstock, sweetgum contains shikimic acid, which is a precursor for the drug Tamiflu. Sweetgum bark was extracted with 65 degrees C water and yielded 1.7 mg/g of shikimic acid, while sweetgum de-barked wood yielded 0.2 mg/g of shikimic acid. Because shikimic acid can be extracted with water, the coupling of the phytochemical hot water extraction with dilute acid pretreatment was examined. The addition of a 65 degrees C shikimic acid extraction step coupled to pretreatment with 0.98% H(2)SO(4) at 130 degrees C for 50 min resulted in 21% and 17% increases in xylose percent recovery from bark and de-barked wood, respectively. These results indicate that, in addition to recovering a high value product, the 65 degrees C wash step also increases xylose recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duke
authors.forename: Mathew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pelkki
authors.forename: Edgar C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.forename: Danielle Julie
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Carrier
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D031317:Liquidambar / Q000737:chemistry*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012765:Shikimic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012765:Shikimic Acid