title: 3-D analysis of facial asymmetry in children with hip dysplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether facial asymmetry existed in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects consisted of children between ages 5 and 10 years having DDH, and treated by the Von Rosen splint method. Three-dimensional (3-D) facial photographs were taken on all subjects using the 3dMDface system. Using RF6 PP2 software, anthropometric landmarks were plotted and used to calculate asymmetry based on 3-D coordinates in a reference framework.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total of 60 subjects with a mean age of 8 years (SD, 1.4 years), 30 had dysplasia of the left hip; 13, of the right; and 17 were bilateral. Twenty-seven subjects had upper face (UF) dominance values of 2 mm or more; of those, 26 were right-side dominant. Twenty-four subjects (40%) had a chin-point (CP) deviation of 2 mm or more; of those, 21 had right-side deviations. Statistically, UF and CP deviations were not significantly independent of each other (P > .05). Thirty percent of subjects had a posterior dental crossbite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that facial asymmetry exists in patients with DDH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Shane Rex
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Tolleson
authors.forename: Chung How
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kau
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeryl D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: English
authors.forename: Virpi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Harila
authors.forename: Pertti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pirttiniemi
authors.forename: Marita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valkama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D023861:Photography, Dental / Q000379:methods*