title: Butyrate stimulates IL-32alpha expression in human intestinal epithelial cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of butyrate on interleukin (IL)-32alpha expression in epithelial cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The human intestinal epithelial cell lines HT-29, SW480, and T84 were used. Intracellular IL-32alpha was determined by Western blotting analyses. IL-32alpha mRNA expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acetate and propionate had no effects on IL-32alpha mRNA expression. Butyrate significantly enhanced IL-32alpha expression in all cell lines. Butyrate also up-regulated IL-1beta-induced IL-32alpha mRNA expression. Butyrate did not modulate the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), a mediator of IL-32alpha expression. Like butyrate, trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, also enhanced IL-1beta-induced IL-32alpha mRNA expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Butyrate stimulated IL-32alpha expression in epithelial cell lines. An epigenetic mechanism, such as histone hyperacetylation, might be involved in the action of butyrate on IL-32alpha expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobori
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bamba
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imaeda
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsujikawa
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiyama
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andoh
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D019073:HT29 Cells; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; C496971:IL32 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C012589:trichostatin A; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt