IL-35, an anti-inflammatory cytokine which expands CD4+CD25+ Treg Cells.
Interleukin 12 (IL 12) p35/p40 is a heterodimeric cytokine which plays a critical role in inflammation, immunity and tissue proliferation, and also plays a relevant function in T helper (Th) cell polarization and Th1 T-cell differentiation. IL-12 family members, IL-12p70, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35, play an important role in influencing helper T-cell differentiation. EBV-induced gene 3 can be associated with the p35 subunit of IL-12 to form the EBI3/p35 heterodimer, also called IL-35. It has been shown that IL-35 has biological activity and able to expand CD4+CD25+ Treg cells, suppress the proliferation of CD4+CD25- effector cells and inhibit Th17 cell polarization. IL-35 has been shown to be constitutively expressed by regulatory T (Treg) cells CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) and suggested to contribute to their suppressive activity. IL-35 is a crucial mediator which provokes CD4+CD25+ T cell proliferation and IL-10 generation, another well-known anti-inflammatory cytokine, along with TGFbeta cytokine. These studies suggest that IL-35, together with other successfully discovered cytokine inhibitors, represents a new potential therapeutic cytokine for chronic inflammation, autoimmunity and other immunological disorders.
Castellani
Maria Luisa
ML
Anogeianaki
A
A
Felaco
P
P
Toniato
E
E
De Lutiis
M A
MA
Shaik
B
B
Fulcheri
M
M
Vecchiet
J
J
Tetè
S
S
Salini
V
V
Theoharides
T C
TC
Caraffa
A
A
Antinolfi
P
P
Frydas
I
I
Conti
P
P
Cuccurullo
C
C
Ciampoli
C
C
Cerulli
G
G
Kempuraj
D
D
D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins; C532417:interleukin-35, human; D018664:Interleukin-12