title: Effects of nutraceuticals on prevalence of metabolic syndrome and on calculated Framingham Risk Score in individuals with dyslipidemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nutraceuticals (NUTs) are forms of compounds with biological activity and are used to improve health in dosage largely exceeding those obtainable in food.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether addition of NUTs to lifestyle management including diet counseling improves lipid profile and reduces cardiovascular risk and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS).
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand, three hundred and eighty, 18-80-year-old nondiabetic participants with dyslipidemia, with or without MetS not requiring pharmacological therapy were assigned to diet; after 2 weeks, 690 patients were also given NUT combination over other 8 weeks. Fasting plasma glucose and lipid compounds were measured by standard methods. Waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were measured at each visit. MetS was defined according to ATPIII guidelines. Ten-year risk of coronary heart disease was calculated using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, NUT patients were older and more dyslipidemic than placebo, with no difference in other cardiovascular risk factors and prevalence of MetS. After 8 weeks, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was increased and diastolic BP, waist girth, triglycerides, total and non-HDL cholesterol were significantly reduced in NUT than in the placebo group, whereas systolic BP and fasting glucose did not change. Prevalence of MetS was also significantly lower in the NUT (36.1%) than in placebo (48.1%, P < 0.05) and reduction in the FRS greater (73.3 vs. 52%, respectively; P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a large clinical sample of patients with moderate cardiovascular risk, combination of NUT with dietary counseling reduces central obesity, improves lipid profile, diastolic BP and FRS, and decreases prevalence of MetS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Simone
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giudice
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chinali
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trimarco
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trimarco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides