title: Functional overlap but differential expression of CSF-1 and IL-34 in their CSF-1 receptor-mediated regulation of myeloid cells.
abstract: CSF-1 is broadly expressed and regulates macrophage and osteoclast development. The action and expression of IL-34, a novel CSF-1R ligand, were investigated in the mouse. As expected, huIL-34 stimulated macrophage proliferation via the huCSF-1R, equivalently to huCSF-1, but was much less active at stimulating mouse macrophage proliferation than huCSF-1. Like muCSF-1, muIL-34 and a muIL-34 isoform lacking Q81 stimulated mouse macrophage proliferation, CSF-1R tyrosine phosphorylation, and signaling and synergized with other cytokines to generate macrophages and osteoclasts from cultured progenitors. However, they respectively possessed twofold and fivefold lower affinities for the CSF-1R and correspondingly, lower activities than muCSF-1. Furthermore, muIL-34, when transgenically expressed in a CSF-1-dependent manner in vivo, rescued the bone, osteoclast, tissue macrophage, and fertility defects of Csf1(op)/(op) mice, suggesting similar regulation of CSF-1R-expressing cells by IL-34 and CSF-1. Whole-mount IL34 in situ hybridization and CSF-1 reporter expression revealed that IL34 mRNA was strongly expressed in the embryonic brain at E11.5, prior to the expression of Csf1 mRNA. QRT-PCR revealed that compared with Csf1 mRNA, IL34 mRNA levels were lower in pregnant uterus and in cultured osteoblasts, higher in most regions of the brain and heart, and not compensatorily increased in Csf1(op/op) mouse tissues. Thus, the different spatiotemporal expression of IL-34 and CSF-1 allows for complementary activation of the CSF-1R in developing and adult tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Suwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Sayan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nandi
authors.forename: Violeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chitu
authors.forename: Yee-Guide
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Wenfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Minmei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lewis T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Haishan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: E Richard
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Stanley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C529076:IL34 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C552364:interleukin-34, mouse; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases