title: Acquiring human immunodeficiency virus during pregnancy and mother-to-child transmission in New York: 2002-2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure and factors associated with mother-to-child HIV transmission.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort analysis of HIV-exposed births in New York State from 2002 to 2006 was undertaken using routinely collected public health surveillance and regulatory data, including Newborn Screening HIV antibody results, pediatric HIV diagnostic test results, and maternal and pediatric medical record abstractions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between January 2002 and December 2006, we identified 3,396 HIV-exposed neonoates. Subsequent analysis of 3,102 (91%) birth events showed that mother-to-child HIV transmission was presumed or confirmed to have occurred in 65 neonates (2.1%) born to 63 mothers. On multivariable analysis, the following significant associations with transmission were identified: maternal HIV diagnosis at or after delivery (odds ratio [OR] 3.24, 95% [CI] 1.15-8.15), maternal acquisition of HIV during pregnancy (OR 15.19, 95% CI 3.98-56.30), illicit substance use during pregnancy (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.33-5.27), 0-2 prenatal care visits (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.11-4.91), and neonatal birth weight less than 2,500 g (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.26-4.74).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acquisition of HIV during pregnancy is a significant risk factor for mother-to-child HIV transmission and must be addressed along with other known risks to reduce mother-to-child transmission to the greatest extent possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: From New York State Department of Health, Office of Public Health and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York; New York State Department of Health, Center for Community Health, Albany, New York; New York State Department of Health, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Institute, New York; New York State Department of Health, AIDS Institute, Albany, New York; New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York; and New York State Department of Health, Center for Community Health and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Guthrie S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Birkhead
authors.forename: Wendy P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Pulver
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hackel
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Lou
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology