title: Structural elements and allosteric mechanisms governing regulation and catalysis of CSK-family kinases and their inhibition of Src-family kinases.
abstract: C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) and CSK-homologous kinase (CHK) are endogenous inhibitors constraining the activity of the oncogenic Src-family kinases (SFKs) in cells. Both kinases suppress SFKs by selectively phosphorylating their consensus C-terminal regulatory tyrosine. In addition to phosphorylation, CHK can suppress SFKs by a unique non-catalytic inhibitory mechanism that involves tight binding of CHK to SFKs to form stable complexes. In this review, we discuss how allosteric regulators, phosphorylation, and inter-domain interactions interplay to govern the activity of CSK and CHK and their ability to inhibit SFKs. In particular, based upon the published results of structural and biochemical analysis of CSK and CHK, we attempt to chart the allosteric networks in CSK and CHK that govern their catalysis and ability to inhibit SFKs. We also discuss how the published three-dimensional structure of CSK complexed with an SFK member sheds light on the structural basis of substrate recognition by protein kinases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Kim K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ia
authors.forename: Ryan D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Mohammed I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Khai-Chew
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Boonyarin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jarasrassamee
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Jorissen
authors.forename: Heung-Chin
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002384:Catalysis; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019061:src-Family Kinases