title: Geographic and ethnic differences in childhood leukaemia and lymphoma survival: comparisons of Philippine residents, Asian Americans and Caucasians in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood cancer survival estimates from developing nations are rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the US SEER and the Manila and Rizal Cancer Registry databases in the Philippines, 5-year survival for childhood leukaemia and lymphoma in 2001-2005 among Asian Americans were compared with both Filipinos and Caucasians in the United States. Estimates for patients in the United States in earlier time periods were compared with that of Philippine residents to estimate delay in achievements of comparable levels of survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Childhood leukaemia and lymphoma relative survival was much lower in Filipinos living in the Philippines (32.9 and 47.7%) than in Asian Americans (80.1 and 90.5%) and Caucasians (81.9 and 87%). Achievement of comparable survival rates of Philippine residents lagged behind by 20 to >30 years compared with patients in the United States.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The large differences in survival estimates of US populations and Philippine residents highlight the deficiencies of paediatric cancer care delivery in the Philippines. The long survival lag underlines the need for major improvements in access to diagnostic and treatment facilities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Bergheimer Str 20, Heidelberg D-69115, Germany.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Redaniel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laudico
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mirasol-Lumague
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Alcasabas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pulte
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brenner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001213:Asian; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007938:Leukemia / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D010679:Philippines; D018426:SEER Program; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People