title: Risk assessment for buccal gingival recession defects in an adult population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about systemic, environmental, and periodontal risk factors of gingival recessions. This study identifies variables related to buccal gingival recessions in an adult French population; this study uses data collected in the First National Periodontal and Systemic Examination Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional survey includes 2,074 subjects (age range: 35 to 65 years) from a nationally representative sample obtained by a quota method stratified by age, gender, socioeconomic status, and geographic areas. The subjects had undergone a full-mouth periodontal examination, assessment of missing teeth, laboratory tests, and questionnaires. In the present analysis, the buccal gingival recession status of each subject was the outcome of interest and was assessed by criteria based on the severity and extent of gingival recessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 84.6% of the sample had at least one gingival recession. A multivariate linear regression model with backward selection showed that age (P >0.001), gender (P = 0.003), plaque index (P <0.001), and tobacco consumption (P <0.001) were associated with the extent of gingival recession. In addition to these variables, the number of missing teeth (P <0.001) and the gingival bleeding index (P = 0.010) were also associated with the severity of gingival recession.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that the risk factors for gingival recessions are similar to the traditional risk factors for periodontitis. However, the present model indicates that diabetes, increase of the body mass index, and alcohol intake are not associated with gingival recessions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Public Health - Paris Hospitals, Paris 7 – Denis Diderot University, Formation and Research Unit of Odontology, Paris, France. phbouch@noos.fr
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarfati
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bourgeois
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katsahian
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bouchard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires