title: Ischaemic nephropathy secondary to atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis: clinical and histopathological correlates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advanced renal artery stenosis (RAS) may cause progressive deterioration in renal function. We correlated the histopathological findings and clinical characteristics in selected patients with atherosclerotic RAS who underwent nephrectomy of their small kidneys for resistant renovascular hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 62 patients who underwent nephrectomy of a small kidney for uncontrolled hypertension between 1990 and 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patient age was 65.4 ± 9.6 years; 28 (45%) were men. Significant tubulointerstitial atrophy with relative glomerular sparing was the predominant pattern of injury in 44 (71%) patients. In 14 (23%) patients, diffuse global glomerulosclerosis was present. The severity of tubulointerstitial atrophy and the extent of glomerulosclerosis were both associated with smaller kidney size (P = 0.002). Three patterns of vascular involvement were present: atheroembolic, atherosclerotic and hypertensive vascular changes, which were documented in 39, 98 and 52% of subjects, respectively. The presence and severity of these vascular changes positively correlated with both atherosclerotic risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and renal insufficiency, and cardiovascular morbidity, including abdominal aortic aneurysm and myocardial infarction. Patients on statin therapy were noted to have less evidence of renal fibrosis as measured by transforming growth factor-beta staining (P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The severity of renal histopathological findings in patients who underwent nephrectomy for resistant hypertension correlated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease, a greater degree of renal dysfunction and more severe dyslipidaemia. Statin therapy may affect development of intra-renal injury by slowing the progression of fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. keddis.mira@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Mira T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Keddis
authors.forename: Vesna D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Garovic
authors.forename: Kent R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Yassaman
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Raissian
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Grande
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000473:pathology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000150:complications*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta