title: Differences in the dietary intake habits by diabetes status for African American adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  African Americans (AA) are 1.8 times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than non-Hispanic Whites. This increased diabetes risk has been linked to high rates of obesity and poor dietary habits; therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify how the nutrient intake profiles of AA adults differ by diabetes status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary intakes of AA adults (aged > or =18 years; n=2,589) were examined from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Individuals were stratified into three groups (normoglycemia, pre-diabetes, and diabetes) based on self-reported previous diagnosis, blood glucose and use of glucose-lowering medications. Dietary intakes were collected using 24-hour recalls; energy-adjusted nutrients intake were compared across diabetes status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk for pre-diabetes was 4% higher for every one year increase in age, while the risk for diabetes was 7% higher. Those with diabetes consumed significantly less energy (P=.03) and significantly more energy-adjusted protein (P=.011) and dietary fiber (P<.001) compared to those with normal blood glucose. Mean consumption of carbohydrates were nearly two and a half times the estimated average requirement regardless of diabetes status. Individuals with diabetes had significantly higher intakes of several B-vitamins including thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate and B-6 compared to individuals who had normal blood glucose values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identifies opportunities for improvement in the dietary habits of African Americans and supports the development of culturally-appropriate diabetes prevention and treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health, Wellness and Medical Dietetics, The Ohio State University, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McDougle
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwirian
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000208:ethnology; D014481:United States