title: The erosive potential of 1% citric acid supplemented by different minerals: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different minerals in combination with 1% citric acid on dental erosion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety enamel samples were randomly allocated to nine groups (G1: pure 1% citric acid solution [control]; G2: with 1 mM Ca; G3: with 0.047 mM F; G4: with 1 mM Fe; G5: with 1 mM P; G6: with 1 mM Ca and 0.047 mM F; G7: with 1 mM Ca and 1 mM P; G8: with 1 mM Fe and 0.047 mM F; G9: with 1 mM Ca, 1 mM P, 0.047 mM F and 1.0 mM Fe). The samples were subjected to six pH cycles, each consisting of immersion in pure or modified 1% citric acid (1 min) followed by storage in artificial saliva (59 min). Enamel wear was assessed using profilometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were analysed using analysis of variance and Tukey test (P < 0.05). Enamel loss (mean + or - SD) amounted to between 0.87 + or - 0.30 and 1.74 + or - 0.74 microm but did not significantly differ among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modification of 1% citric acid with different minerals did not have a protective effect on enamel erosion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, USP-University of Sao Paulo, Al. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Magalhaes
authors.forename: Samanta Mascarenhas
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiegand
authors.forename: Marília Afonso
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buzalaf
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007501:Iron / Q000494:pharmacology; D008903:Minerals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D010710:Phosphates; D019343:Citric Acid; D007501:Iron; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium