title: Chronic administration of sildenafil modified the impaired VEGF system and improved the erectile function in rats with diabetic erectile dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Men frequently develop diabetic erectile dysfunction (DMED), as a result of endothelial dysfunction. DMED patients often have reduced efficacy with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether chronic sildenafil administration can modify the impaired vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system and improve the erectile function in rats with diabetic erectile dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of Sprague Dawley rats (n = 30) with DMED were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) and screened by subcutaneous injection of Apomorphine (100 mg/kg). They were then exposed to either vehicle or sildenafil (prescribed in our hospital, 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively) for 10 weeks. An additional nondiabetic and age-matched control group (n = 10) was also allocated and given the routine diet for the same period. Assessments were performed to both groups at 36 hours after the last dose of sildenafil. Penile intracavernous pressure (ICP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), penile tissue morphology, immunohistologic analysis, and Western blot analysis of VEGF, VEGFR1, and eNOS were determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional, morphological, and proteomical changes on penile structures by the chronic Sildenafil (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively) administration were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase of ICP, ICP/MAP ratio, and area under the curve were observed in the both groups treated by sildenafil (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively), compared with the DMED rats without receiving Sildenafil. Immunohistochemical staining of their penile tissue showed a decrease in VEGF, VEGFR1, and eNOS staining in the controlled group compared with an improvement in the chronic sildenafil administration group. Western blot analysis demonstrated exactly the same results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that daily sildenafil administration can restore the impaired VEGF system in the penis of DMED rats and progressively improve both erectile function and endothelial function, suggesting a potential general mechanism of improved signaling through the VEGF/eNOS signaling cascade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Guihua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiangzhou
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Fufu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Daohu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D010413:Penis / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor