Biomarkers of oxidative stress and smoking in cancer patients.
BACKGROUND
Increased oxidative stress is a significant part of pathogenesis of smoking-related cancer.


OBJECTIVE
The study aims to investigate changes in antioxidant status induced by chronic cigarette smoking in cancer patients and healthy subjects.


METHODS
We examined the venous blood samples of 54 healthy subjects, both smokers (25) and non-smokers and of 50 patients with smoking-related cancer, both smokers (34) and non-smokers.


METHODS
We measured the activities of five antioxidant (AO) enzymes: glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase (GST), glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the blood of 50 cancer patients and 54 healthy persons. Damage to cellular structures (level of malonic dialdehyde, micro viscosity of erythrocyte membranes, number of leukocyte DNA breaks) was determined. Statistical analysis of results obtained was performed using conventional and multi-factorial statistical methods.


RESULTS
Statistically significant increase in GST activity and DNA breaks, but decrease of membranes micro viscosity in cancer patients, compared with healthy subjects were obtained. In the cancer patients, no influence of smoking on studied parameters was found. Correlations of parameters within cancer patients and healthy subjects group did not coincide with each other.


CONCLUSIONS
Changes of AO status parameters and oxidative damages in cell structures are related to tumor processes indicating the augmentation of oxidative stress in human blood. This study demonstrated potential applicability of a statistical model based on the evaluated biomarkers of oxidative stress to determine a smoking-induced harm of cancer incidence in healthy subjects.
Burlakova
Elena B
EB
Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Zhizhina
Galina P
GP
Gurevich
Svetlana M
SM
Fatkullina
Lyudmila D
LD
Kozachenko
Antonina I
AI
Nagler
Lena G
LG
Zavarykina
Tatiana M
TM
Kashcheev
Viktor V
VV
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D053960:DNA Breaks; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000473:pathology; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000097:blood; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood
D000975:Antioxidants; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase