title: Genotypic testing for HIV-1 drug resistance using dried blood samples.
abstract: In third-world countries, dried blood samples (DBS) are a convenient alternative to plasma for monitoring viral load during HIV-1 therapy. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using DBS to perform HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping in a ViroSeq assay in which the protease and reverse transcriptase regions of the pol gene are analyzed. Fifty-seven antiretroviral genotypes from plasma samples were tested, and drug resistance genotypes were determined. Only 38.6% paired DBS samples were sequenced. Failure to amplify DNA from DBS samples generally correlated with plasma viral loads below log(10) 5.1. The majority of the mutations identified in plasma pol sequences were also found in their DBS counterpart, with a concordance in genotype interpretation of 96.4%. Several factors were identified that could potentially improve both the sensitivity and the quality of genotype data, such as sample storage conditions and sequence analysis. Therefore, DBS sampling is useful to determine viral load and drug resistance genotypes in HIV patients.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatria, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegacion Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico. rolica36@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lira
authors.forename: Hilda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Valdez-Salazar
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vazquez-Rosales
authors.forename: Othon
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rojas-Montes
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Tachiquin
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torres-Ibarra
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cano-Dominguez
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maldonado-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Onofre
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Ma-Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; D005260:Female; D015751:Genes, pol / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia / Q000821:virology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral