title: Two adult siblings with atypical cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome due to a novel M299V mutation in NLRP3.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The NALP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that triggers caspase 1-mediated interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) release. Mutations in the gene encoding NALP3 (NLRP3) underlie the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). The aim of this study was to report a novel NLRP3 mutation in 2 siblings of Swedish descent in whom symptoms first presented in adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mutation analysis of NLRP3 was performed on DNA from patients with CAPS and 100 control subjects. For assessment of caspase 1 and IL-1beta, blood was collected from patients and age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Genetic constructs containing mutant or wild-type NLRP3 were transduced into THP-1 cells, followed by assessment of IL-1beta levels in cell supernatant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both siblings carried a novel M299V mutation in NLRP3, which was not present in the control population. The samples obtained from the patients displayed increased caspase 1 activity and elevated IL-1beta levels at basal conditions as compared with healthy control subjects. THP-1 cells expressing mutated M299V revealed almost 10-fold higher IL-1beta production compared with the wild-type construct.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  M299V is an activating mutation in NLRP3 resulting in elevated spontaneous caspase 1 activity and IL-1beta levels. The classic CAPS phenotype was lacking in these adult siblings. Whereas one sibling displayed a milder phenotype that has so far responded satisfactorily to oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in combination with low-dose corticosteroids, the inflammatory symptoms in the sibling with the more severe case responded well to IL-1beta blockade. Understanding the pathogenic mechanism underlying such disorders can be helpful for the physician. Our study reinforces the importance of genetic testing and laboratory investigations in combination with careful phenotypic evaluation for the diagnosis of such patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. deepti.verma@liu.se
authors.forename: Deepti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Berolla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sahdo
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ejdebäck
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Särndahl
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Söderkvist
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000097:blood; D056587:Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D009154:Mutation; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D035781:Siblings; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; C453881:NLRP3 protein, human; D020170:Caspase 1