title: Breast enlargement in an HIV-infected man on combined antiretroviral therapy: what if it was carcinoma?
abstract: We describe a case of an HIV-infected man on effective combined antiretroviral therapy, presenting with bilateral gynaecomastia revealing breast carcinoma. Gynaecomastia was first considered to be related to efavirenz and/or didanosine. Although breast carcinoma is rare among HIV-infected men, it should be considered as a potential cause of breast enlargement.
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahali
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bichet
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Delfraissy
authors.forename: Jade
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ghosn
mesh_terms: D000480:Alkynes; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D016049:Didanosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000209:etiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine; C098320:efavirenz; D016049:Didanosine