[Ways of urban sanitary and epidemiological well-being management].
The scientific rationale for preventive measures based on sanitary-and-epidemiological surveillance on environmental objects is considered. The sizes of functional zones and space for various types of communal services and amenities and leisure are regulated to ensure good urban vital activities. Multistorey housing causes an increase in the number of negative factors per area units and in their impact on health. A proposal has been made for the standardization of the ranges of urban population upsurge and size, by using the sanitary-and-hygienic rules and norms rather than climatic parameters. A criterion system for assessing the data of statistical observations has been substantiated and 5 levels of analysis and managerial decision-making have been proposed. Cause-and-effect relations may be determined for the parameters of the second level; models of program-oriented studies for the third level, only sanitary-and-epidemiological surveillance is possible for the fourth and fifth levels. The space planning scheme must provide for water supply reserves, generation areas for pure air coming into the town, and waste disposal areas. The general layout may use statistical observation parameters characterizing the second level of occurrence of negative phenomena. The statistical observation parameters characterizing the third and fourth levels of occurrence of negative phenomena may be used for municipal improvements and sanitary maintenance. These characterizing the fourth and fifth level may be used for prevention in therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions.
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D018876:Environmental Illness / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011634:Public Health / Q000592:standards*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012499:Sanitation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012800:Siberia / Q000453:epidemiology