title: Feasibility of using tissue microarray cores of paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue for measurement of gene expression: a proof-of-concept study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether 0.6 mm cores of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, as commonly used to construct immunohistochemical tissue microarrays, may be a valid alternative to tissue sections as source material for quantitative real-time PCR-based transcriptional profiling of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four matched 0.6 mm cores of invasive breast tumour and two 10 microm whole sections were taken from eight FFPE blocks. RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed, and TaqMan assays were performed on the 21 genes of the Oncotype DX Breast Cancer assay. Expression of the 16 recurrence-related genes was normalised to the set of five reference genes, and the recurrence score (RS) was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RNA yield was lower from 0.6 mm cores than from 10 microm whole sections, but was still more than sufficient to perform the assay. RS and single gene data from cores were highly comparable with those from whole sections (RS p=0.005). Greater variability was seen between cores than between sections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FFPE sections are preferable to 0.6 mm cores for RNA profiling in order to maximise RNA yield and to allow for standard histopathological assessment. However, 0.6 mm cores are sufficient and would be appropriate to use for large cohort studies.
authors.affiliation: Royal Marsden Hospital and The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK. suzanne.drury@icr.ac.uk
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Drury
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salter
authors.forename: Frederick L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Baehner
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shak
authors.forename: Mitch
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dowsett
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005404:Fixatives; D005557:Formaldehyde; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D016707:Tissue Fixation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005404:Fixatives; D005557:Formaldehyde; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human