Chromatin remodeling regulation by small molecules and metabolites.
The eukaryotic genome is a highly organized nucleoprotein structure comprising of DNA, histones, non-histone proteins, and RNAs, referred to as chromatin. The chromatin exists as a dynamic entity, shuttling between the open and closed forms at specific nuclear regions and loci based on the requirement of the cell. This dynamicity is essential for the various DNA-templated phenomena like transcription, replication, and repair and is achieved through the activity of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes and covalent modifiers of chromatin. A growing body of data indicates that chromatin enzymatic activities are finely and specifically regulated by a variety of small molecules derived from the intermediary metabolism. This review tries to summarize the work conducted in many laboratories and on different model organisms showing how ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are regulated by small molecules and metabolites such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and inositol polyphosphates (IPs).
Burgio
Giosalba
G
Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
Onorati
Maria C
MC
Corona
Davide F V
DF
D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000502:physiology*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000502:physiology; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism*; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology
D002843:Chromatin; D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D009243:NAD; D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004247:DNA