title: Tissue kallikrein promotes prostate cancer cell migration and invasion via a protease-activated receptor-1-dependent signaling pathway.
abstract: We recently demonstrated that tissue kallikrein (TK) promotes keratinocyte migration through activation of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR(1)) and transactivation of the epi-dermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In this study, we investigated the potential role of PAR(1) in mediating the effect of TK on cancer cell migration, invasion and proliferation. Our results show that TK promotes DU145 prostate cancer cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner, but has no effect on A549 lung cancer cells. Active TK markedly increases DU145 cell migration and invasion, which are blocked by aprotinin but minimally affected by icatibant; kinin treatment has little effect. TK-induced cell migration and invasion are abolished by inhibition of PAR(1) using a pharmacological inhibitor or RNA interference. The effect of TK on cell migration and invasion are also blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C, c-Src, matrix metalloproteinase, EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Moreover, TK stimulates ERK phosphorylation, which is inhibited by an EGFR antagonist. Additionally, TK but not kinin stimulates DU145 cell proliferation through activation of the kinin B2 receptor, but not PAR(1) and EGFR. These results indicate differential signaling pathways mediated by TK in promoting prostate cancer cell migration and invasion via PAR(1) activation, and proliferation via kinin B2 receptor stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Li-Mei
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Karl X
authors.initials: KX
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D007611:Aprotinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007705:Kinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
chemical_list: D007705:Kinins; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1; C065679:icatibant; D007611:Aprotinin; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins; D001920:Bradykinin; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors