title: Nutritional, physical, and sensory evaluation of hydroponic carrots (Daucus carota L.) from different nutrient delivery systems.
abstract: Carrot (Daucus carota L.) has the highest carotenoid content among foods and is consumed in large quantities worldwide, while at the same time its market demand continues to increase. Carotenoids have also been associated with protective effects against cancer and other chronic diseases. The most predominant carotenoids in carrots are beta- and alpha-carotenes. Moisture, ash, fat, texture, color, carotene content, and consumer acceptance of carrots grown in a hydroponic system with nutrient film technique (NFT) and microporous tube membrane system (MTMS) were evaluated. The moisture contents of the NFT- and MTMS-grown carrots ranged from 86.8 +/- 0.13% to 92.2 +/- 2.25% and 80.9 +/- 0.31% to 91.6 +/- 1.01%, respectively. Fat and ash contents of the carrots were negligible. NFT-grown Oxheart had the most beta-carotene (9900 +/- 20 microg/100 g) while Juwaroot had the least (248 +/- 10 microg/100 g). However, the beta-carotene content of Juwaroot from the NFT batch II carrots was 3842 +/- 6 microg/100 g. MTMS-grown carrots had less variation in the total beta-carotene contents (2434 +/- 89 to 10488 +/- 8 microg/100 g) than those from NFT. Overall, Nantes Touchan (4.8 +/- 2.3) and Nevis-F (7 +/- 1.4) from NFT were the least and most preferred by consumers. Mignon was also acceptable to consumers, and significantly (P < 0.05) more preferred than the other carrots in that NFT batch. MTMS-grown Kinko and Paramex, which were significantly (P < 0.05) more preferred than Nandrin-F and the commercial field-grown carrot, were equally liked by consumers. Nevis-F, Mignon (NFT), Paramex, and Kinko (MTMS) are potentially good cultivars to be included in NASA's food system.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, 204 Campbell Hall, Tuskegee Univ., Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA.
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Gichuhi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mortley
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bromfield
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bovell-Benjamin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D018527:Hydroponics / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D008875:Middle Aged; D010858:Pigmentation; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry*; D012621:Seasons; D012677:Sensation; D033081:Shear Strength; D013045:Species Specificity; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene; D014867:Water; D002338:Carotenoids; C041635:alpha-carotene