Suggestibility, expectancy, trance state effects, and hypnotic depth: I. Implications for understanding hypnotism.
This paper reviews the relationships between trance or altered state effects, suggestibility, and expectancy as these concepts are defined in the theorizing of Weitzenhoffer (2002), Holroyd (2003), Kirsch (1991), and others, for the purpose of demonstrating how these concepts can be assessed with the PCI-HAP (Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory: Hypnotic Assessment Procedure; Pekala, 1995a, b). In addition, how the aforementioned variables may relate to the nature of hypnosis/hypnotism as a function of self-reported hypnotic depth are discussed, along with how the PCI-HAP may be used as a means to measure hypnotic responsivity from a more phenomenological state perspective, in contrast to more traditional behavioral trait assessment instruments like the Harvard, the Stanford C, or the HIP. A follow-up paper (Pekala, Kumar, Maurer, Elliott-Carter, Moon, & Mullen, 2010) will present research data on the PCI-HAP model and how this model can be useful for better understanding hypnotism.
Pekala
Ronald J
RJ
Coatesville VA Medical Center, Coatesville, PA 19320, USA. Ronald.Pekala@va.gov
Kumar
V K
VK
Maurer
Ronald
R
Elliott-Carter
Nancy
N
Moon
Edward
E
Mullen
Karen
K
D001290:Attitude; D001364:Awareness; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis / Q000379:methods*; D007092:Imagination; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012718:Set, Psychology; D013404:Suggestion