title: Immunotherapy for the prevention of myointimal hyperplasia after experimental balloon injury of the rat carotid artery.
abstract: We assessed the effect of novel immunotherapeutic heat-killed bacterial (Actinomycetales) preparations on the development of myointimal hyperplasia (MIH) in a rat carotid balloon trauma model and the effect on the immune response by measuring the expression of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma; (Th1) and interleukin 4 (IL-4; Th2). There was a significant reduction (P < .001) in intima/media ratios (mean +/- SEM) in the rats treated by immunomodulation (0.52 +/- 0.03 Gordonia bronchialis, 0.60 +/- 0.03 Rhodococcus coprophilus, 0.43 +/- 0.03 Tsukamurella inchonensis, 0.37 +/- 0.03 Mycobacterium vaccae), in comparison with untreated controls (0.91 +/- 0.05). Postballoon trauma G bronchialis increased messenger RNA (mRNA) IFN-gamma (P < .02) and reduced mRNA IL-4 (P < .05). R coprophilus, T inchonensis, and M vaccae significantly increased production of mRNA IFN-gamma (P < .001). R coprophilus and M vaccae also decreased production of mRNA IL-4 (P < .05, P < .01). Treatment with heat-killed Actinomycetales inhibits MIH through a combination of enhanced Th1 and attenuated Th2 response. Immunomodulation may provide a novel therapeutic option to prevent restenosis.
authors.affiliation: James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hansrani
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bottasso
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stansby
mesh_terms: D000192:Actinomycetales / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005352:Fibromuscular Dysplasia / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D033601:Gordonia Bacterium / Q000276:immunology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012240:Rhodococcus / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; C080550:Mycobacterium w vaccine; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma