title: Reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with reduced blood pressure: a prospective study among United States adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been associated with an elevated risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type II diabetes mellitus. However, the effects of SSB consumption on blood pressure (BP) are uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between changes in SSB consumption and changes in BP among adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This was a prospective analysis of 810 adults who participated in the PREMIER Study (an 18-month behavioral intervention trial). BP and dietary intake (by two 24-hour recalls) were measured at baseline and at 6 and 18 months. Mixed-effects models were applied to estimate the changes in BP in responding to changes in SSB consumption. At baseline, mean SSB intake was 0.9+/-1.0 servings per day (10.5+/-11.9 fl oz/d), and mean systolic BP/diastolic BP was 134.9+/-9.6/84.8+/-4.2 mm Hg. After potential confounders were controlled for, a reduction in SSB of 1 serving per day was associated with a 1.8-mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.4) reduction in systolic BP and 1.1-mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 1.4) reduction in diastolic BP over 18 months. After additional adjustment for weight change over the same period, a reduction in SSB intake was still significantly associated with reductions in systolic and diastolic BPs (P<0.05). Reduced intake of sugars was also significantly associated with reduced BP. No association was found for diet beverage consumption or caffeine intake and BP. These findings suggest that sugars may be the nutrients that contribute to the observed association between SSB and BP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced consumption of SSB and sugars was significantly associated with reduced BP. Reducing SSB and sugar consumption may be an important dietary strategy to lower BP.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00000616.
authors.affiliation: Program of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. lchen@lsuhsc.edu
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Diane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loria
authors.forename: Pao-Hwa
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Champagne
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Elmer
authors.forename: Jamy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ard
authors.forename: Bryan C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Batch
authors.forename: Cheryl A M
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Appel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D013549:Sweetening Agents