title: Dose-response effect of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon-γ on the in vitro production of epithelial neutrophil activating peptide-78 (ENA-78), IL-8, and IL-6 by human endometrial stromal cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The production of epithelial neutrophil activating peptide-78 (NA-78) and the interleukins IL-8 and IL-6 by endometrial stromal cells is stimulated by pro-inflammatory interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). IL-8 is suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, and in these women the peritoneal fluid concentrations of ENA-78 and IL-8 are increased. TNF-α has been tested together with interferon-γ because of their cooperative stimulation of IL-6. The release of IL-8, however, is inhibited with increasing interferon levels. The aim of the study was the analysis of the production of ENA-78, IL-6 and IL-8 by cultured human endometrial stromal cells in the presence of varying concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, and interferon-γ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eutopic endometrial tissue was obtained from seven cycling, endometriosis-free women undergoing laparoscopy for reasons of infertility or pain. The release of ENA-78, IL-8 and IL-6 by the isolated and monolayer cultured stromal cell fraction in the presence of IL-1β (0.08 to 50 ng/mL), TNF-α, and interferon-γ (both 20 to 500 ng/mL) was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1β stimulated the production of IL-8, IL-6, and ENA-78 dose dependently from 0.08 to 2.0 ng/mL (ENA-78) or to 10 ng/mL (IL-8, IL-6); at 50 ng/mL a decrease in release was observed for IL-8 and IL-6. TNF-α stimulation yielded a plateau between 20 and 100 ng/mL. Interferon-γ stimulated IL-6 and inhibited IL-8 production above 20 ng/mL. ENA-78 release was largely unaffected by interferon-γ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-1β and TNF-α stimulate stromal cytokine production cumulatively with different dose-response curves. The presence of interferon-γ has opposite effects on IL-8 and IL-6. TNF-α and interferon-γ should be investigated separately in future in vitro studies with endometrial cells and explants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland. nick.bersinger@dkf.unibe.ch
authors.forename: Nick A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Bersinger
authors.forename: Andreas R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Günthert
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McKinnon
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johann
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C486263:CXCL5 protein, human; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5; C508585:IL1B protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma