title: Exploring posttraumatic stress disorder symptom profile among pregnant women.
abstract: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more prevalent in perinatal than general samples of women (6-8% vs. 4-5%). To explore potential causes, we examined the symptom profiles of women belonging to two separate samples: a perinatal clinic sample (n = 1581) and a subsample of women in a similar age range from the U. S. National Women's Study (NWS) (n = 2000). Within the perinatal sample, risk ratios were higher for all 17 PTSD symptoms among women with current PTSD compared with unaffected women, suggesting that higher rates are not likely due to measurement error. The younger age and greater social disadvantage in the perinatal clinic sample contributed only a small proportion of variance in symptom levels compared with extent of trauma exposure and pre-existing PTSD. Compared with the national study sample's symptom profile, the perinatal sample had higher rates of occurrence of five symptoms: detachment, loss of interest, anger and irritability, trouble sleeping, and nightmares. This analysis confirms that PTSD rates are higher in perinatal samples, which is likely due to exacerbation of pre-existing PTSD among women of a younger age and greater social disadvantage. Further elucidation is warranted, including identifying triggers and determining if there are needs for pregnancy-specific interventions.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109 1290, USA. jseng@umich.edu
authors.forename: Julia S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Seng
authors.forename: Sheila A M
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: Caroline D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: Melnee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muzik
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abelson
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Liberzon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires