title: Three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography for endovascular treatment of direct carotid-cavernous fistula -case report-.
abstract: A 63-year-old woman with a direct carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF), manifesting as sudden onset of severe headache and pulsatile tinnitus suffered during coronary angiography, was successfully treated with transarterial embolization based on the anatomical information obtained from volume-rendered three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (3D DSA) images. 3D DSA is useful for understanding the configuration of such fistulas accurately and devising a therapeutic strategy for the endovascular treatment of direct CCFs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endovascular Neurosurgery, Stroke Center, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan. skohyama@saitama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohyama
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Fumitaka
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Ryuzaburo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods*; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome