title: Mold-sensitivity in children with moderate-severe asthma is associated with HLA-DR and HLA-DQ.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several epidemiologic studies in the United States and Europe have linked Alternaria sensitivity to both persistence and severity of asthma. In this study, we examined T cell responses and HLA class II alleles in children with moderate-severe asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six children with moderate-severe asthma were compared to 90 children with mild asthma. HLA class II genotyping was performed to determine HLA allelic frequencies. Th1/Th2 Alternaria-specific T cell cytokine responses were determined by the use of Alternaria-stimulated cultures. HLA class II restriction was examined by inhibition of Alternaria-stimulated lymphoproliferative responses with blocking anti-HLA class II monoclonal antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with moderate-severe asthma had significantly increased sensitivities to Aspergillus fumigatus; sensitivities to Alternaria were similar in both moderate-severe and mild asthmatics. The frequency of HLA-DRB1*13 alleles were increased in mold-sensitive moderate-severe asthmatic children. HLA-DRB1*03 tended to be increased in mold-sensitive moderate-severe asthmatics. The frequency of HLA-DQB1*03 alleles was significantly decreased in mold and Alternaria-sensitive moderate-severe asthma. HLA class II blocking monoclonal antibodies demonstrated HLA-DR restriction. Alternaria-stimulated IL-5 and IL-13 synthesis was significantly increased in moderate-severe asthmatics. IL-5 and IL-13 synthesis was significantly increased in Alternaria-stimulated lymphocyte cultures of HLA-DQB1*03- asthmatics compared to HLA-DQB1*03+ asthmatics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children with Alternaria-sensitive moderate-severe asthma, there was increased Th2 sensitivity to Alternaria stimulation. This was associated with HLA-DR restriction and with increased frequency of HLA-DRB1*13 and HLA-DRB1*03. There was decreased frequency of HLA-DQB1*03 in Alternaria-sensitive moderate-severe asthma, suggesting HLA-DQB1*03 may be protective of the development of Alternaria-sensitive severe asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA. knutsenm@slu.edu
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Knutsen
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Vijay
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kariuki
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Graff
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wofford
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005658:Fungi / Q000276:immunology*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens