title: Anti-inflammatory effects of limonene from yuzu (Citrus junos Tanaka) essential oil on eosinophils.
abstract: Yuzu (Citrus junos Tanaka) has been used as a traditional medicine in Japan. We investigated in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of limonene from yuzu peel on human eosinophilic leukemia HL-60 clone 15 cells. To examine anti-inflammatory effects of limonene on the cells, we measured the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), nuclear factor (NF) kappa B, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). We found that low concentration of limonene (7.34 mmol/L) inhibited the production of ROS for eotaxin-stimulated HL-60 clone 15 cells. 14.68 mmol/L concentration of limonene diminished MCP-1 production via NF-kappa B activation comparable to the addition of the proteasomal inhibitor MG132. In addition, it inhibited cell chemotaxis in a p38 MAPK dependent manner similar to the adding of SB203580. These results suggest that limonene may have potential anti-inflammatory efficacy for the treatment of bronchial asthma by inhibiting cytokines, ROS production, and inactivating eosinophil migration.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan. hirotar@kochi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Ngatu Nlandu
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Roger
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hee-Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.forename: Narufumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suganuma
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D000077222:Limonene; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013729:Terpenes; D000077222:Limonene; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases