An improved red blood cell additive solution maintains 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and adenosine triphosphate levels by an enhancing effect on phosphofructokinase activity during cold storage.
BACKGROUND
Current additive solutions (ASs) for red blood cells (RBCs) do not maintain constant 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels during cold storage. We have previously shown that with a new AS called phosphate-adenine-glucose-guanosine-gluconate-mannitol (PAGGGM), both 2,3-DPG and ATP could be maintained throughout storage for 35 days.


METHODS
In this study, the mechanism underlying the effect of PAGGGM on RBC storage was studied in more detail. By using double-erythrocytapheresis units (leukoreduced), a direct comparison could be made between the current AS saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (SAGM) and the experimental solution PAGGGM. During cold storage, several in vitro characteristics were analyzed.


RESULTS
In agreement with our previous findings with single RBCs, PAGGGM maintained 2,3-DPG and ATP levels for 35 days of cold storage. Furthermore, glucose consumption and lactate production were higher in PAGGGM units during the first 21 days of cold storage. Fructose-1,6-diphophate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate levels were also increased during the first 21 days of storage in PAGGGM units.


CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that it is likely that phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity is enhanced in PAGGGM units relative to SAGM units. After 21 days, PFK activity also decreases in PAGGGM units, but sufficient metabolic reserve in these units prevents depletion of 2,3-DPG and ATP.
Burger
Patrick
P
Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. p.burger@sanquin.nl
Korsten
Herbert
H
De Korte
Dirk
D
Rombout
Eva
E
Van Bruggen
Robin
R
Verhoeven
Arthur J
AJ
D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D005942:Gluconates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006151:Guanosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D025502:Phosphofructokinase-1, Type C / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D012996:Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*
D005942:Gluconates; D010710:Phosphates; D012996:Solutions; D006151:Guanosine; D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate; D008353:Mannitol; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D025502:Phosphofructokinase-1, Type C; D005947:Glucose; D000241:Adenosine; C030691:gluconic acid; D011188:Potassium