title: IL-2 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms are associated with respiratory tract infection and may modulate the effect of vitamin E on lower respiratory tract infections in elderly nursing home residents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin E supplementation may be a potential strategy to prevent respiratory tract infections (RIs) in the elderly. The efficacy of vitamin E supplementation may depend on individual factors including specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at immunoregulatory genes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether the effect of vitamin E on RIs in the elderly was dependent on genetic backgrounds as indicated by SNPs at cytokine genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data and DNA from a previous vitamin E intervention study (200 IU vitamin E or a placebo daily for 1 y) in elderly nursing home residents to examine vitamin E-gene interactions for incidence of RI. We determined the genotypes of common SNPs at IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma in 500 participants. We used negative binomial regression to analyze the association between genotype and incidence of infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect of vitamin E on lower RI depended on sex and the SNP at IL-10 -819G-->A (P = 0.03 for interaction for lower RI). Furthermore, we observed that subjects with the least prevalent genotypes at IL-2 -330A-->C (P = 0.02 for upper RI), IL-10 -819G-->A (P = 0.08 for upper RI), and IL-10 -1082C-->T (P < 0.001 for lower RI in men) had a lower incidence of RI independent of vitamin E supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies that evaluate the effect of vitamin E on RIs should consider both genetic factors and sex because our results suggest that both may have a significant bearing on the efficacy of vitamin E. Furthermore, common SNPs at cytokine genes may contribute to the individual risk of RIs in the elderly. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00758914.
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Belisle
authors.forename: Davidson H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hamer
authors.forename: Lynette S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Leka
authors.forename: Gerard E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Dallal
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delgado-Lista
authors.forename: Basil C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovas
authors.forename: Simin Nikbin
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Meydani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010919:Placebos; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D010919:Placebos; D016753:Interleukin-10; D014810:Vitamin E; D004247:DNA