title: One-week prevalence of depressive symptoms and psychotropic drug treatments among old people with different levels of cognitive impairment living in institutional care: changes between 1982 and 2000.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dementia and depression are common in advanced age, and often co-exist. There are indications of a decreased prevalence of depressive symptoms among old people in recent years, supposedly because of the manifold increase in antidepressant treatment. Whether the prevalence of depressive symptoms has decreased among people in different stages of dementia disorders has not yet been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparison was undertaken of two cross-sectional studies, conducted in 1982 and 2000, comprising 6864 participants living in geriatric care units in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale (MDDAS), and the cognitive score was measured with Gottfries' cognitive scale. Drug data were obtained from prescription records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant decrease in depressive symptom score between 1982 and 2000 in all cognitive function groups except for the group with moderate cognitive impairment. Antidepressant drug use increased in all cognitive function groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of depressive symptoms decreased between 1982 and 2000, in all levels of cognitive impairment except moderate cognitive impairment. This might possibly be explained by the depressive symptoms having different etiologies in different stages of a dementia disorder, which in turn might not be equally susceptible to antidepressant treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. hugo.lovheim@germed.umu.se
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lövheim
authors.forename: Ellinor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bergdahl
authors.forename: Per-Olof
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Sandman
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Yngve
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gustafson
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012112:Residential Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs