title: Long-term effects of spinal cord stimulation on angina symptoms and quality of life in patients with refractory angina pectoris--results from the European Angina Registry Link Study (EARL).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long-term effect of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on angina symptoms and quality of life in patients with refractory angina pectoris defined as severe angina due to coronary artery disease resistant to conventional pharmacological therapy and/or revascularisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  During 2003-2005, all patients with refractory angina referred for SCS treatment at 10 European centres were consecutively included in the European registry for refractory angina (European Angina Registry Link, EARL), a prospective, 3-year follow-up study. In the present study, the SCS-treated patients were followed-up regarding angina symptoms and quality of life assessed was with a generic (Short Form 36, SF-36) and a disease-specific (Seattle Angina Questionnaire, SAQ) quality of life questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 235 patients were included in the study. After screening, 121 patients were implanted and followed up 12.1 months after implantation. The implanted patients reported fewer angina attacks (p<0.0001), reduced short-acting nitrate consumption (p<0.0001) and improved Canadian Cardiovascular Society class (p<0.0001). Furthermore, quality of life was significantly improved in all dimensions of the SF-36 and the SAQ. Seven (5.8%) of the implanted patients died within 1 year of follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCS treatment is associated with symptom relief and improved quality of life in patients with refractory angina pectoris suffering from severe coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden. paulin.andrell@paincenter.se
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andréll
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gersbach
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gillberg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pehrsson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ståhle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mannheimer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000401:mortality / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome