Insight into the inflammasome and caspase-activating mechanisms.
Inflammasomes are recently discovered molecular complexes that can sense danger signals and specifically activate caspase-1 and -5 and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta and IL-18). Upon signaling, the inflammasome complex forms around a NOD-like receptor family member that serves both as a danger sensor and as a recruiting platform. The number of known triggers that stimulate inflammasomes is rapidly rising, ranging from genetic mutations to microbial products, gout crystals, ultraviolet light and adjuvant chemicals. As a result of this surprising diversity, the inflammasome may have a significant impact on most medical fields. A good understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its activation/regulation is essential today, as several therapeutic and diagnostic tools have already reached the bedside, and more are sure to come.
Gaide
Olivier
O
Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Geneva University Medical Center, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. olivier.gaide@medecine.unige.ch
Hoffman
Hal M
HM