title: BEX2 has a functional interplay with c-Jun/JNK and p65/RelA in breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously demonstrated that BEX2 is differentially expressed in breast tumors and has a significant role in promoting cell survival and growth in breast cancer cells. BEX2 expression protects breast cancer cells against mitochondrial apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest. In this study we investigated the transcriptional regulation of BEX2 and feedback mechanisms mediating the cellular function of this gene in breast cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a marked induction of BEX2 promoter by c-Jun and p65/RelA using luciferase reporter assays in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, we confirmed the binding of c-Jun and p65/RelA to the BEX2 promoter using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Importantly, transfections of c-Jun or p65/RelA in MCF-7 cells markedly increased the expression of BEX2 protein. Overall, these results demonstrate that BEX2 is a target gene for c-Jun and p65/RelA in breast cancer. These findings were further supported by the presence of a strong correlation between BEX2 and c-Jun expression levels in primary breast tumors. Next we demonstrated that BEX2 has a feedback mechanism with c-Jun and p65/RelA in breast cancer. In this process BEX2 expression is required for the normal phosphorylation of p65 and IkappaB alpha, and the activation of p65. Moreover, it is necessary for the phosphorylation of c-Jun and JNK kinase activity in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, using c-Jun stable lines we showed that BEX2 expression is required for c-Jun mediated induction of cyclin D1 and cell proliferation. Importantly, BEX2 down-regulation resulted in a significant increase in PP2A activity in c-Jun stable lines providing a possible underlying mechanism for the regulatory effects of BEX2 on c-Jun and JNK.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that BEX2 has a functional interplay with c-Jun and p65/RelA in breast cancer. In this process BEX2 is a target gene for c-Jun and p65/RelA and in turn regulates the phosphorylation/activity of these proteins. These suggest that BEX2 is involved in a novel feedback mechanism with significant implications for the biology of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane Qld 4102, Australia. a.naderi@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naderi
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hughes-Davies
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015870:Gene Expression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C530662:BEX2 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4