title: Efficacy of dietary treatments for epilepsy.
abstract: The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high fat, restricted carbohydrate regime that has been used as a treatment for seizures since the 1920s, when it was designed to induce a similar metabolic response to fasting. A modification of this early classical version of the KD was introduced in the 1970s using medium chain triglycerides as an alternative fat source. More recently, two alternative, less-restrictive dietary treatments have been developed: the modified Atkins diet and the low glycaemic index diet. There are many case reports and observational studies reporting successful use of the KD, and a growing number of studies reporting similar success with the modified Atkins protocol. A recent randomised controlled trial has shown a significant benefit of the KD compared to no change in treatment. The use of these dietary therapies in the UK is supported by literature evidence, although often is limited by a lack of resources; increasing awareness and knowledge is fundamental to ensure availability for those individuals with intractable epilepsy who may benefit from them.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UK. l.neal@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cross
mesh_terms: D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; D055423:Diet, Ketogenic; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000178:diet therapy*; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome