title: Reconstruction of hypopharynx and cervical oesophagus for treatment of advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma and recurrent laryngeal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review our treatment strategy and outcomes in reconstructing the hypopharynx and cervical oesophagus with five techniques for advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma and recurrent laryngeal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one patients treated between 1996 and 2007 were analysed retrospectively. Defects of the hypopharynx and cervical oesophagus were reconstructed using the remaining laryngeal mucosa flap, pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, forearm free flap, jejunal free flap or latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were treated successfully. Postoperative pharyngocutaneous fistulas occurred in four patients, one of whom died from haemorrhage of carotid artery 1 month after surgery, and the other three resolved spontaneously. Dysphagia occurred in three patients, which was caused by food mass occlusion, or oesophageal stricture and stoma stricture. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 59.3% and 43.5%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A consensus treatment strategy for reconstructing the defect following hypopharyngectomy and cervical oesophagectomy has not been established. Every technique has its advantages and disadvantages. The treatment of choice depends upon the location and size of the carcinoma as well as the patient's characteristics and the doctor's experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Guo-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Shi-Xun
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Su-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007013:Hypopharynx / Q000601:surgery*; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps