title: Characterisation of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) varieties using microsatellite markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sugar beet is an obligate outcrossing species. Varieties consist of mixtures of plants from various parental combinations. As the number of informative morphological characteristics is limited, this leads to some problems in variety registration research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have developed 25 new microsatellite markers for sugar beet. A selection of 12 markers with high quality patterns was used to characterise 40 diploid and triploid varieties. For each variety 30 individual plants were genotyped. The markers amplified 3-21 different alleles. Varieties had up to 7 different alleles at one marker locus. All varieties could be distinguished. For the diploid varieties, the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.458 to 0.744. The average inbreeding coefficient F(is) was 0.282 +/- 0.124, but it varied widely among marker loci, from F(is) = +0.876 (heterozygote deficiency) to F(is) = -0.350 (excess of heterozygotes). The genetic differentiation among diploid varieties was relatively constant among markers (F(st) = 0.232 +/- 0.027). Among triploid varieties the genetic differentiation was much lower (F(st) = 0.100 +/- 0.010). The overall genetic differentiation between diploid and triploid varieties was F(st) = 0.133 across all loci. Part of this differentiation may coincide with the differentiation among breeders' gene pools, which was Fst = 0.063.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on a combination of scores for individual plants all varieties can be distinguished using the 12 markers developed here. The markers may also be used for mapping and in molecular breeding. In addition, they may be employed in studying gene flow from crop to wild populations.
authors.affiliation: Plant Research International, Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen, The Netherlands. rene.smulders@wur.nl
authors.forename: Marinus J M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Smulders
authors.forename: G Danny
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Esselink
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Everaert
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Riek
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vosman
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D018745:Genome, Plant; D005838:Genotype; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D011003:Ploidies