title: A 12-week supplementation with quercetin does not affect natural killer cell activity, granulocyte oxidative burst activity or granulocyte phagocytosis in female human subjects.
abstract: Quercetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, is a strong antioxidant with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and immune-modulating properties. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of long-term quercetin supplementation on innate immune function and inflammation in human subjects. Female subjects (n 120; aged 30-79 years) were recruited from the community and randomised to one of three groups, with supplements administered using double-blinded procedures: 500 mg quercetin/d (n 38), 1000 mg quercetin/d (n 40) or placebo (n 42). Subjects ingested two soft chew supplements twice daily during the 12-week study period. Fasting blood samples were obtained pre- and post-study and were analysed for plasma quercetin, IL-6, TNF-alpha and leucocyte subset cell counts. Natural killer cell activity (NKCA) and lymphocyte subsets were assessed in a subset of seventy-four subjects. Granulocyte oxidative burst activity (GOBA) and phagocytosis were assessed in sixty-four subjects. Eighteen subjects had overlapping data. Quercetin supplementation at two doses compared with placebo increased plasma quercetin (interaction effect; P < 0.001) but had no significant influence on blood leucocyte subsets, plasma IL-6 or TNF-alpha concentration, NKCA, GOBA or phagocytosis. NKCA was inversely correlated with BMI (r - 0.25; P = 0.035) and body fat percentage (r - 0.38; P = 0.001), and positively correlated with self-reported physical fitness level (r 0.24; P = 0.032). In summary, results from the present double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised trial indicated that quercetin supplementation at 500 and 1000 mg/d for 12 weeks significantly increased plasma quercetin levels but had no influence on measures of innate immune function or inflammation in community-dwelling adult females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Serena A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.forename: Dru A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Henson
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Nieman
authors.forename: Melanie D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: Fuxia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000276:immunology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011794:Quercetin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011794:Quercetin