title: Nanomechanics of multiple units in the erythrocyte membrane skeletal network.
abstract: Erythrocytes undergo deformations when they transport O(2) and CO(2) across the membrane, yet the 3D nanomechanics of the skeletal network remains poorly understood. Expanding from our previous single isolated unit, we now simulate networks consisting of 1-10 concentric rings of repeating units in equibiaxial deformation. The networks are organized with (1) a 3D model for a single unit, (2) a wrap-around mode between Sp and actin protofilament in the intra-unit interaction, and (3) a random inter-unit connectivity. These assumptions permit efficient five-degrees-of-freedom (5DOF) simulations when up to 30 pN of radial forces are applied to the boundary spectrin (Sp) and the center and other units are analyzed. As 6 Sp balance their tensions, hexagonal units become irregular. While actin protofilaments remain tangent to the network, their yaw (Phi) angles change drastically with addition of neighboring units or an Sp unfolding. It is anticipated that during deformation, transmembrane complexes associated with the network move laterally through the lipid bilayer and increase the diffusion of molecules across the membrane. When protofilament/Sp sweeps under the lipid bilayer, they mix up the submembrane concentration gradient. Thus, the nanomechanics of actin protofilaments and Sp may enhance the transport of molecules during erythrocyte deformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vera
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valdez
authors.forename: Yasha
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Skelton
authors.forename: Lanping Amy
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability / Q000502:physiology*; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D013049:Spectrin / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D013049:Spectrin