title: Exploration of disease mechanism in acute kidney injury using a multiplex bead array assay: a nested case-control pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes increased morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the plasma profile of biomarkers potentially involved in AKI development following CPB.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a nested case-control study, plasma levels of 27 biomarkers in 11 AKI cases were compared with 25 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-CPB, plasma levels of epidermal growth factor and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, 2 h following CPB, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), fractalkine and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, and at later time points, sVCAM-1 and interleukin-6 were associated with AKI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biomarkers associated with AKI following CPB may merit further study.
authors.affiliation: Kidney & Dialysis Research Laboratory, St Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. liangos_o@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Orfeas
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Liangos
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Addabbo
authors.forename: Hocine
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tighiouart
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goligorsky
authors.forename: Bertrand L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Jaber
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000097:blood; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000097:blood; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1 / Q000097:blood; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor