title: Association of environmental toxic elements in biological samples of myocardial infarction patients at different stages.
abstract: The exposure of toxic elements may directly or indirectly associate with different pathogenesis of heart diseases. In the present study, the association of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) in biological samples (whole blood and urine) and mortality from myocardial infarction (MI) patients at first, second, and third heart attacks was carried out. Both biological samples of 130 MI patients (77 male and 53 female), with ages ranging from 45 to 60 years, and 61 healthy persons (33 male and 28 female) of the same age group were collected. The elements in biological samples were assessed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer, prior to microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity of methodology was checked by the biological certified reference materials. During this study, 78% of 32 patients aged above 50 years, registered after third MI attack, died. In these subjects, the levels of As, Cd, Co, Ni, and Pb in blood samples were higher in MI patients as compared with referents (p < 0.05), while increased by 11.7%, 12.2%, 5.55%, and 7.2%, respectively, in the blood samples of those patients who tolerated the third MI attack (p = 0.12). The high level of understudied toxic elements may play a role in the mortality of MI patients.
authors.affiliation: National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hassan Imran
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Afridi
authors.forename: Tasneem Gul
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: Ghulam Abbas
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kandhro
authors.forename: Jameel Ahmed
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.forename: Mohammad Khan
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jamali
authors.forename: Mohammad Balal
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Arain
authors.forename: Abdul Qadir
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Faheem
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Sumaira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Nida Fatima
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Kolachi
mesh_terms: D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements