title: Sexual dimorphic evolution of metabolic programming in non-genetic non-alimentary mild metabolic syndrome model in mice depends on feed-back mechanisms integrity for pro-opiomelanocortin-derived endogenous substances.
abstract: Previously, we showed that our post-natal handling model induces pro-opiomelanocortin-derived (POMC) endogenous systems alterations in male mice at weaning. These alterations last up to adult age, and are at the basis of adult hormonal and metabolic conditions similar to mild metabolic syndrome/type-2 diabetes. Here, we evaluate how sex influences post-natal programming in these metabolic conditions. Subjects are adult control (non-handled) female (NHF) and male (NHM) CD-1 mice; adult post-natal handled female (HF) and male (HM) mice. Handling consists of daily maternal separation (10 min) plus sham injection, from birth to weaning (21 days). In adult handled males (90-days old) we find not only POMC-derived hormones alterations (enhanced basal plasma corticosterone (+91%) and ACTH (+109%)) but also overweight (+5.4%), fasting hyperglycemia (+40%), hypertriglyceridemia (+21%), enhanced brain mRNA expression of hydroxysteroid(11-beta)dehydrogenase type-1 (HSD11B1) (+49%), and decreased mRNA-HSD11B2 (-39%). Conversely, uric acid, creatinine, HDL(C), total cholesterol, glucose and insulin incremental area under-the-curve are not affected. In females, post-natal handling does not produce both hormonal and dysmetabolic diabetes-like changes; but handling enhances n3- and n6-poly-unsaturated, and decreases saturated fatty acids content in erythrocyte membrane composition in HF versus NHF. In conclusion, for the first time we show that female sex in mice exerts effective protection against the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal homeostasis disruption induced by our post-natal handling model on POMC cleavage products; endocrine disruption is in turn responsible for altered metabolic programming in male mice. The role of sex hormones is still to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, via Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy. stefano.loizzo@iss.it
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loizzo
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vella
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loizzo
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fortuna
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Biase
authors.forename: Serafina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salvati
authors.forename: Giovanni V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Frajese
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Agrapart
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramirez Morales
authors.forename: Santi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spampinato
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Campana
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capasso
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galietta
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guarino
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carta
authors.forename: Ciriaco
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carru
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zinellu
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ghirlanda
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seghieri
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Renzi
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Franconi
mesh_terms: D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043209:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; D043209:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2; D003345:Corticosterone