title: Determination of fluoroquinolone residues in poultry muscle in Portugal.
abstract: A total of 98 poultry samples, including chicken and turkey muscle, were analysed, using a sensitive and reliable analytical method based on liquid chromatography (LC) with spectrofluorimetric detection, for simultaneous determination of four fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics, namely enrofloxacin (ENRO), ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), norfloxacin (NOR), and sarafloxacin (SARA). The method involved extraction with 0.15 mol L(-1) HCl and clean-up by solid-phase extraction using Oasis HLB cartridges. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C(18) TSK gel column, in isocratic mode, with 0.025 mol L(-1) H(3)PO(4) solution, adjusted to pH 3.0 with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide-methanol (78:22) as mobile phase. Good linearity over the investigated concentration range was observed, with mean values of correlation coefficients higher than 0.9989 for all the analytes studied. The limits of quantification (LOQ), expressed as the lowest fortification level with acceptable precision were 15 microg kg(-1) for ENRO, CIPRO, and NOR, and 30 microg kg(-1) for SARA; these values are in compliance with requirements for monitoring of maximum residues levels (MRLs). Overall recoveries from spiked samples ranged from 80% to 92% with relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 6.1%. Of the chicken and turkey samples analysed, 44.2% and 37.8%, respectively, were contaminated. The levels found in the analysed poultry samples, collected from markets of Oporto and Coimbra, located in the north and central zones of Portugal, respectively, were lower than 114.2 and 87.6 microg kg(-1) in chicken and turkey muscle samples, respectively. One positive chicken sample was contaminated with ENRO at levels higher than the MRL.
authors.affiliation: Group of Health Surveillance, CEF, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal. apena@ff.uc.pt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: L J G
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meisel
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D011174:Portugal; D011200:Poultry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones