title: Implementation and evaluation of carousel dispensing technology in a university medical center pharmacy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The implementation of carousel dispensing technology (CDT) at a university medical center pharmacy and the associated changes in drug distribution are described.
  
  
  METHODS
  An evaluation of CDT was conducted in three phases: before implementation, during implementation, and after implementation. The preimplementation phase consisted of data collection and facility planning leading up to the physical installation. The implementation phase included the physical installation, carousel medication assignment, and user training. The postimplementation phase included data collection and analysis. The data collected were used to compare preimplementation and postimplementation time studies, labor requirements, inventory turns, and accuracy rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated labor savings comparing the preimplementation and postimplementation time studies for automated dispensing cabinet (ADC) refills, first-dose requests, supplemental cart fill, and medication procurement totaled 2.6 full-time equivalents (FTEs). After departmental reorganization, a net reduction of 2.0 technician FTEs was achieved. The average turnaround time for stat medication requests using CDT was 7.19 minutes, and the percentage of doses filled in less than 20 minutes was 95.1%. After implementing CDT, the average accuracy rate for all dispense requests increased from 99.02% to 99.48%. The inventory carrying cost was reduced by $25,059.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CDT improved the overall efficiency and accuracy of medication dispensing in a university medical center pharmacy. Workflow efficiencies achieved in ADC refill, first-dose dispensing, supplemental cart fill, and the medication procurement process allowed the department to reduce the amount of technician labor required to support the medication distribution process, as well as reallocate technician labor to other areas in need.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA. jtemple@uwhealth.org
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Temple
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ludwig
mesh_terms: D006284:Health Plan Implementation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008510:Medication Systems, Hospital; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000379:methods*