title: Implementation of water calorimetry in a 180 MeV scanned pulsed proton beam including an experimental determination of kQ for a Farmer chamber.
abstract: Water calorimetric measurements have been performed in a 180 MeV scanned pulsed proton beam and the absorbed dose determined has been compared with the results obtained using two NE2571 Farmer chambers and the IAEA TRS-398 code of practice. The depth of measurement in water corresponded to a residual range of R(res) = 16.5 cm, corresponding to a mean energy of about 150 MeV. Ionization chambers were calibrated in terms of the absorbed dose to water in (60)Co at the Swedish Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory, directly traceable to Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. The present experimental investigation has shown that water calorimetry is feasible in a high-energy scanned pulsed proton beam. When comparing the results obtained with water calorimetry and ionometry, the beam quality correction factor, k(Q), could be determined for the two NE2571 ionization chambers used. The k(Q)-factor was found to be 1.032 +/- 0.013, which is in good agreement with the factor tabulated in IAEA TRS-398 for this chamber type (1.039 +/- 0.018). The present result has also been compared with a previously obtained result in a passively scattered proton beam having similar energy. This comparison yielded a 1.1% deviation, which is not significant considering the combined uncertainties of the two experimental determinations of k(Q). The dominating contribution to the combined uncertainty stems from the correction factor for ion recombination in the scanned proton beam (1%), and further studies are required in order to reduce this uncertainty and reveal any possible differences in the k(Q)-factor between these two proton beam delivery techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden. Joakim.Medin@skane.se
authors.forename: Joakim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Medin
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002151:Calorimetry; D011522:Protons; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D014867:Water