title: Creatinine increases after intravenous contrast administration: incidence and impact.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of creatinine increases after intravenous contrast (postcontrast creatinine increases, PCCI) is controversial, ranging from 0% to >25%. We sought to determine what factors influenced these divergent estimates of PCCI incidence. Where possible, the association of PCCI with long-term adverse outcomes was also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both observational studies and prospective randomized trials were reviewed. Definitions of clinically significant PCCI, incidence of PCCI, and its association with baseline kidney function, the setting in which intravenous contrast was administered, and the short- and long-term consequences of PCCI were extracted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline renal function impairment and inpatient versus outpatient status are the major risk factors for PCCI. PCCI is possibly associated with clinically significant short- and long-term adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCCI occurs despite a number of potential confounding issues. The incidence is increased as kidney function at baseline is diminished and for inpatients. There is limited data on long-term outcomes following PCCI in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fletcher Allen Health Care, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003404:Creatinine