title: [The peripheral and intracardiac venous system of the heart in chronic heart failure].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cardiac venous system (CVS) and its changes in chronic heart failure (CHF), by applying noninvasive studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  CVS was studied by Doppler echocardiography in 160 patients and by multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) in 41. For evaluation of the peripheral venous system (PVS), a Wildman apparatus was used to measure peripheral venous pressure. According to the stage of CHF, all the patients with this condition were divided into 3 groups. The cardiac venous sinus and cardiac veins were evaluated in control and CHF groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In CHF, PVS and CVS substantially change and significantly depend on the stage of CHF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These investigations give more insight into the pathogenesis of CHF. On treating a patient with CHF, the CVS should be studied thoroughly and by all available techniques.
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Akaemova
authors.forename: Ia I
authors.initials: IaI
authors.lastname: Kots
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Sinitsyn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D014680:Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014690:Venous Pressure / Q000502:physiology