title: Prevalence of sexual dysfunction and impact of contraception in female German medical students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a very common disorder, with an estimated prevalence of having at least one sexual dysfunction of about 40%.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence and types of FSD and the relationship between hormonal contraception (HC) and FSD in female German medical students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) with additional questions on contraception, sexual activity, and other factors that may influence sexual function.
  
  
  METHODS
  An online questionnaire based on the FSFI was completed by students from six medical schools. Obtained data were screened for inconsistencies by programmed algorithms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,219 completed questionnaires were received, and 1,086 were included in the analyses after screening. The mean total FSFI score was 28.6 +/- 4.5. 32.4% of women were at risk for FSD according to FSFI definitions. Based on domain scores, 8.7% for were at risk for FSD concerning orgasm, 5.8% for desire, 2.6% for satisfaction, 1.2% for lubrication, 1.1% for pain and 1.0% for arousal. The method of contraception and smoking were factors with significant effect on the total FSFI score whereby hormonal contraception was associated with lower total FSFI scores and lower desire and arousal scores than no contraception and non-hormonal contraception only. Other variables such as stress, pregnancy, smoking, relationship and wish for children had an important impact on sexual function as expected according to earlier studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of students at high risk for FSD was consistent with the literature although domain subscores differed from samples previously described. The contraception method has a significant effect on the sexual functioning score and women using contraception, especially hormonal contraception, had lower sexual functioning scores. Stress and relationship among other variables were found to be associated with sexual function and may thus provide insight into the etiology of sexual disorders.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of OB/GYN, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wallwiener
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: lmwallwiener@gmx.net.
authors.forename: Lisa-Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wallwiener
authors.affiliation: Dept. of OB/GYN, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seeger
authors.affiliation: Dept. of OB/GYN, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Alfred O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Mück
authors.affiliation: Dept. of OB/GYN, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bitzer
authors.affiliation: Dept. of OB/GYN, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wallwiener
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods*; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007989:Libido / Q000187:drug effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal