title: The use of race as a demographic variable in clinical research.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Researchers continue to categorise demograpic variables according to racial lines despite the fact that the definition of race has no scientific or anthropological validity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article is to discuss the scientific rationale for using race as a demographic variable in clinical research and to explore other suitable alternatives such as ethnicity, genetics and the nasal index in rhinology research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is consensus that research subjects should not be classified along racial lines. However, there is evidence that this practice remains prevalent. Ethnicity is not a good substitute for race. Whilst genomics is an objective measure of variation, it does not measure the impact of socioeconomic status, exposure to health risk factors and the availability of health- care on populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to define the population demographics in any study, but race appears to be a category without any scientific basis. Other parameters that may be important such as ethnicity and genetics are still not fully developed to be useful. At present there is no generally accepted way of describing and classifying the subjects. The nasal index may be a suitable discriminator of variation for studies in rhinology but more studies are required to define its clinical relevance.
authors.affiliation: Common Cold Centre and Healthcare Clinical Trials, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eccles
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D003710:Demography; D005006:Ethnicity; D006801:Humans; D044469:Racial Groups