title: Natural killer T cells regulate the development of asthma.
abstract: Studies in mice, monkeys and humans suggest that invariant natural killer (iNK) T cells play a very important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, a heterogeneous disease associated with airway inflammation and airway hyper-reactivity. The requirement for iNK T cells in multiple mouse models of asthma is novel and surprising, challenging the prevailing dogma that CD4(+) T cells responding to environmental allergens are the key cell type in asthma. In this article, we examine the recent studies of iNK T cells and asthma, and discuss how different subsets of NK T cells function in different forms of asthma, including forms that are independent of adaptive immunity and Th2 cells. Together, these studies suggest that iNK T cells, which can interact with many other cell types including Th2 cells, eosinophils and neutrophils, provide a unifying pathogenic mechanism for many distinct forms of asthma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology and Allergy, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. muriel.pichavant@childrens.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pichavant
authors.forename: Ponpan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matangkasombut
authors.forename: Rosemarie H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Dekruyff
authors.forename: Dale T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Umetsu