title: Regulation of plasticity of glutamate synapses by endocannabinoids and the cyclic-AMP/protein kinase A pathway in midbrain dopamine neurons.
abstract: Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are lipid signalling molecules which play a key role in the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity in the central nervous system. Previous studies have reported that eCBs are released 'on demand' in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a brain region critical for reward learning. However, their role in modulating the long-term plasticity of glutamate synapses of VTA dopamine (DA) neurons remains unknown. In the present study, we showed that low frequency afferent stimulation paired with moderate postsynaptic depolarization elicited an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-independent long-term depression (LTD) at glutamate synapses of VTA DA neurons. This form of LTD was caused by a decrease in the probability of glutamate release. Examination of the mechanisms underlying this form of LTD revealed that it was mediated by retrograde eCB signalling. In addition, we found that inhibition of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol biosynthesis blocked LTD induction, suggesting that 2-arachidonoyl glycerol is the most likely retrograde eCB messenger mediating LTD. The eCB-LTD induced at glutamate synapses of VTA DA neurons also required the inhibition of the presynaptic cAMP/PKA pathway. Taken together, these results reveal a critical role of eCBs in controlling the long-term plasticity of glutamate synapses in VTA DA neurons.
authors.affiliation: University at Buffalo, Research Institute on Addictions, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA. dahmane@ria.buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haj-Dahmane
authors.forename: Roh-Yu
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000502:physiology; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000502:physiology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D005989:Glycerides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D036881:Long-Term Synaptic Depression / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000502:physiology; D013569:Synapses / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005989:Glycerides; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C094503:glyceryl 2-arachidonate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D009543:Nifedipine; D004298:Dopamine