title: Comparing muscle temperature during static and dynamic squatting with and without whole-body vibration.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of shallow dynamic squatting (DS) versus static squatting (SS) with or without concurrent side-to-side alternating whole-body vibration (WBV) on vastus lateralis temperature and cardiovascular stress as indicated by heart rate (HR). Ten participants (five men, five women) participated in four interventions [DS with WBV (DS+), DS without WBV (DS-), SS with WBV (SS+), SS without WBV (SS-)] 48 h apart, in a randomized order. The interventions were preceded by a approximately 20-min rest period, consisted of 10 mins with or without WBV (26 or 0 Hz) with SS (40 degrees of knee flexion) or DS (55 degrees of knee flexion, at a cadence of 50 bpm) where SS+ and DS- were metabolically matched. Muscle (T(m)), core (T(c)), skin temperature (T(sk)), HR and VO(2) were recorded during each intervention. For T(m), there was a time (P<0.01) and WBV (P<0.01) effect but no squat effect was evident, and there was time xWBV interaction effect (P<0.01). In all four interventions, the work load was too low to cause cardiovascular stress. Instead normal, moderate physiological effects of exercise on autonomic control were observed as indicated by HR; there were no significant increases in T(sk) or T(c). There appears to be no benefit in performing an unloaded, shallow DS+ at a tempo of 50 bpm as T(m,) HR, VO(2) are likely to be increased by the same amount and rate without WBV. However, combining SS with WBV could be advantageous to rapidly increasing soft tissue temperature prior to performing rehabilitation exercises when dynamic exercise cannot be performed.
authors.affiliation: Sport Management and Coaching, Department of Management, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. D.Cochrane@massey.ac.nz
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Stannard
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Firth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rittweger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001831:Body Temperature; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000502:physiology*; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration