title: NF1 inactivation in adult acute myelogenous leukemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to identify novel genes with importance to the biology of adult acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed DNA from highly purified AML blasts and paired buccal cells from 95 patients for recurrent genomic microdeletions using ultra-high density Affymetrix single nucleotide polymorphism 6.0 array-based genomic profiling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Through fine mapping of microdeletions on 17q, we derived a minimal deleted region of approximately 0.9-Mb length that harbors 11 known genes; this region includes Neurofibromin 1 (NF1). Sequence analysis of all NF1 coding exons in the 11 AML cases with NF1 copy number changes identified acquired truncating frameshift mutations in two patients. These NF1 mutations were already present in the hematopoetic stem cell compartment. Subsequent expression analysis of NF1 mRNA in the entire AML cohort using fluorescence-activated cell sorting sorted blasts as a source of RNA identified six patients (one with a NF1 mutation) with absent NF1 expression. The NF1 null states were associated with increased Ras-bound GTP, and short hairpin RNA-mediated NF1 suppression in primary AML blasts with wild-type NF1 facilitated colony formation in methylcellulose. Primary AML blasts without functional NF1, unlike blasts with functional NF1, displayed sensitivity to rapamycin-induced apoptosis, thus identifying a dependence on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling for survival. Finally, colony formation in methylcellulose ex vivo of NF1 null CD34+/CD38- cells sorted from AML bone marrow samples was inhibited by low-dose rapamycin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NF1 null states are present in 7 of 95 (7%) of adult AML and delineate a disease subset that could be preferentially targeted by Ras or mammalian target of rapamycin-directed therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Parkin
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ouillette
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Whitney
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roulston
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Purkayastha
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dressel
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bockenstedt
authors.forename: Ammar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Zoubi
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talpaz
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kujawski
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kerby
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shedden
authors.forename: Sajid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakhan
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erba
authors.forename: Sami N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Malek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002469:Cell Separation; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D018628:Gene Dosage; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020868:Gene Silencing; D016514:Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018631:ras Proteins