title: Suppression of inflammatory cytokines during ex vivo lung perfusion with an adsorbent membrane.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung grafts can be perfused ex vivo for 2 hours without edema formation; however, prolonged ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) eventually induces lung injury. This study evaluated the change in proinflammatory cytokines of the perfusate during EVLP and investigated the effect of cytokine removal using an adsorbent membrane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Porcine heart-lung blocks were harvested after electrically induced cardiac arrest and underwent 12-hour EVLP with an adsorbent membrane (membrane group: n = 5) and without an adsorbent membrane (control group: n = 6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control group, both tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 8 levels were elevated in the perfusate 2 hours after perfusion. Although tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 8 levels were significantly lower in the membrane group than in the control group during the EVLP period, there was no significant difference in oxygenation, pulmonary vascular resistance, edema formation, or myeloperoxidase activity between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 8 levels of the perfusate were elevated during EVLP. Although adverse effects of these inflammatory cytokines were anticipated, removal of inflammatory cytokines by the adsorbent membrane did not improve lung function during prolonged EVLP. Factors other than the cytokines may play a major role in causing lung injury during EVLP. Further research is needed to investigate the real mechanism of lung graft injury during prolonged EVLP and to establish longer EVLP duration for graft treatment. This strategy could contribute to the salvage of potentially damaged lungs, especially from cardiac death donors, and to expansion of the donor pool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kakishita
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oto
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Kentaroh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: Sumiharu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Naohisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Waki
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Masaomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toyooka
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis*; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010477:Perfusion; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha