title: Differences in postoperative outcomes, function, and cosmesis: open versus robotic thyroidectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Robotic thyroidectomy using a gasless transaxillary approach, first described in 2008, has become popular. This study compared outcomes, including postoperative distress and patient satisfaction, for patients undergoing robotic thyroidectomy with those for patients treated by conventional open thyroidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 84 prospectively enrolled patients, 41 underwent robotic thyroidectomy (the robot group), and 43 received conventional open thyroidectomy (the open group). All the patients were followed up for at least 3 months after surgery. Videolaryngostroboscopic examinations were performed preoperatively and after 1 week and after 3 months postoperatively. Postoperative pain and discomfort were evaluated using a symptom scale. Subjective voice and swallowing changes were assessed by questionnaires; and satisfaction with cosmetic outcome was measured by verbal response at 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were similar in age, gender, type of operation, and final pathologic diagnosis. Although the mean operating time was significantly longer with the robotic technique than with open surgery, there were no between-group differences in postoperative pain or duration of hospital stay. No patient in either group experienced any major postoperative complication. Postoperative discomfort in the neck and swallowing disturbances were significantly more frequent in the open group than in the robot group, both at 1 week and at 3 months after surgery. However, there was no significant between-group difference in subjective voice parameters. At 3 months, the mean cosmetic satisfaction score was significantly higher in the robotic than in the open group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although postoperative pain levels and complications were comparable in the two groups, conventional open thyroidectomy requires a shorter operative time. The robotic technique, however, offers several distinct advantages including very good to excellent cosmetic results, reduced postoperative neck discomfort, and fewer adverse swallowing symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, San 5, Wonchon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea. jandee@ajou.ac.kr
authors.forename: Jandee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kuk Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Nah
authors.forename: Ra Mi
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yeun Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Euy-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Soh
authors.forename: Woong Youn
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012371:Robotics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome