title: Developing an instrument to measure heart failure disease management program intensity and complexity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comparing disease management programs and their effects is difficult because of wide variability in program intensity and complexity. The purpose of this effort was to develop an instrument that can be used to describe the intensity and complexity of heart failure (HF) disease management programs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specific composition criteria were taken from the American Heart Association (AHA) taxonomy of disease management and hierarchically scored to allow users to describe the intensity and complexity of the domains and subdomains of HF disease management programs. The HF Disease Management Scoring Instrument (HF-DMSI) incorporates 6 of the 8 domains from the taxonomy: recipient, intervention content, delivery personnel, method of communication, intensity/complexity, and environment. The 3 intervention content subdomains (education/counseling, medication management, and peer support) are described separately. In this first test of the HF-DMSI, overall intensity (measured as duration) and complexity were rated using an ordinal scoring system. Possible scores reflect a clinical rationale and differ by category, with zero given only if the element could potentially be missing (eg, surveillance by remote monitoring). Content validity was evident as the instrument matches the existing AHA taxonomy. After revision and refinement, 2 authors obtained an inter-rater reliability intraclass correlation coefficient score of 0.918 (confidence interval, 0.880 to 0.944, P<0.001) in their rating of 12 studies. The areas with most variability among programs were delivery personnel and method of communication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HF-DMSI is useful for describing the intensity and complexity of HF disease management programs.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104-4217, USA. briegel@nursing.upenn.edu <briegel@nursing.upenn.edu>
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riegel
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sochalski
mesh_terms: D000572:American Heart Association; D019468:Disease Management; D018450:Disease Progression; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006282:Health Personnel; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012107:Research Design; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014481:United States