title: Alar soft-tissue techniques in rhinoplasty: algorithmic approach, quantifiable guidelines, and scar outcomes from a single surgeon experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe various techniques, including alar base reduction, alar flaring reduction, and alar hooding reduction and present a decision-making treatment algorithm and quantifiable guidelines for soft-tissue excision, along with scar outcomes from a single-surgeon practice. The soft tissue of the nasal tip, ala, and nostrils is important in overall nasal tip dynamics. Excisional alar contouring is an essential part of many successful cosmetic rhinoplasty outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The various soft-tissue excision techniques are described in detail and an algorithm is provided. Quantitative analysis of excision parameters was performed using statistical analysis. Finally, qualitative scar analysis was performed and scar outcomes were statistically derived.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-four patients were female and 26 were male. Of the procedures reviewed, 47% involved alar soft-tissue excision. Alar base reduction was performed in 46 patients (46%). Alar flare reduction was performed in 16 patients (16%). Alar hooding reduction was performed in 2 patients (2%). Mean scar outcome scores ranged from 0.55 to 0.69.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alar soft-tissue techniques are often necessary to achieve a balanced outcome and superior results when performing rhinoplasty surgery. Therefore, they should be an integral part of every rhinoplasty evaluation and surgical plan as indicated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, 150 Bloor St W, Ste M110, Toronto, ON M5S 2X9, Canada. jpwmd1@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jeremy P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Adamson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002921:Cicatrix; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome