title: Spectroscopic study of explanted opacified hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a detailed spectroscopic analysis of explanted hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) that were removed because of postoperative opacification of the lens optic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen Hydroview H60M (Bausch & Lomb Surgical) IOLs were explanted from 13 different patients on average 56 months after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. All patients had decreased visual acuity because of a fine granularity of the optical surface of the IOLs. The surface was investigated by gross, microscopic, histochemical and scanning electron microscopic analysis, and the elemental composition of the opacified IOLs was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The spectrograms were compared to three different originally packed and never-implanted hydrophilic acrylic IOLs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Light and scanning electron microscopy of the optical surface of explanted IOLs revealed multiple fine granular deposits varying in size and shape that were positive for alizarin red. XRF confirmed that the explanted IOLs contained not only the previously reported calcium and phosphorous (calcium apatite), chlorine, silicone, sodium, aluminum and magnesium but also iron, sulfur, potassium as well as lesser amounts of iodine, zinc, strontium and yttrium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first spectroscopic analysis determining the content of more than 10 elements of explanted and originally packed never-implanted hydrophilic acrylic IOLs. The possible origin of the different elements obtained from the spectrograms and their implications are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical and Health Science Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary. mfodor@dote.hu
authors.forename: Mariann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fodor
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petrovski
authors.forename: Morten C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Moe
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bíró
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Németh
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dinya
authors.forename: Ildikó
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tornai
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ujvári
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berta
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Facskó
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000473:pathology*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission