title: Determining the operative line of resection for image-guided emphysema surgery using a laser scanner and non-rigid registration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although many diseases such as emphysema are diagnosed with preoperative imaging modalities, this information is rarely utilized in the operating room. A method that relates the preoperative images to the non-rigid organ in physical space would aid a surgeon to determine the line of resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner to obtain intraoperative images of the lung and overlayed it with preoperative CT images, using a non-rigid image registration method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The non-overlapping registration error of the system was 1.91 +/- 0.28% without organ deformation and 2.69 +/- 0.28% with 9% organ deformation. When 83% of the organ was visible, the registration error was 2.99 +/- 0.42%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel image overlay system using a 3D laser scanner and a non-rigid registration method was implemented and its accuracy evaluated. By using the proposed system, we successfully related the preoperative images with an open organ in the operating room.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
authors.forename: Jong-Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chang-Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marchetti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004646:Emphysema; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine