title: 3-Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid loaded-polymeric nanomicelles for topical anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to develop 3-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA)-loaded polymeric nanomicelles for topical anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymeric nanomicelles of AKBA were developed by a radical polymerization method using N-isopropylacrylamide, vinylpyrrolidone and acrylic acid. The polymeric nanomicelles obtained were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In-vitro and in-vivo evaluations of AKBA polymeric nanomicelles gel were carried out for enhanced skin permeability and anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TEM and DLS results demonstrated that polymeric nanomicelles were spherical with a mean diameter approximately 45 nm. FTIR data indicated a weak interaction between polymer and AKBA in the encapsulated system. The release of drug in aqueous buffer (pH 7.4) from the polymeric nanomicelles was 23 and 55% after 2 and 8 h, respectively, indicating sustained release. In-vitro skin permeation studies through excised abdominal skin indicated a threefold increase in skin permeability compared with AKBA gel containing the same amount of AKBA as the AKBA polymeric nanomicelles gel. The AKBA polymeric nanomicelle gel showed significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity compared with the AKBA gel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggested that AKBA polymeric nanomicelle gel significantly enhanced skin permeability, and anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity.
authors.affiliation: Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, CIPL campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. radhamit2006@gmail.com
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Farhan Jalees
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Raman Mohan
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Gyanendra Nath
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D005782:Gels; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008823:Micelles; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005782:Gels; D008823:Micelles; D014315:Triterpenes; C094432:acetyl-11-ketoboswellic acid