title: Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema: items that need to be addressed in practice parameter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare, autosomal dominant (AD) disorder caused by a C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-inh) deficiency or qualitative defect. Treatment of HAE in many parts of the world fall short and certain items need to be addressed in future guidelines.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify those individuals who should be on long-term prophylaxis for HAE. Additionally, to determine if prodromal symptoms are sensitive and specific enough to start treatment with C-1 INH and possibly other newly approved therapies. Also, to discuss who is appropriate to self-administer medications at home and to discuss training of such patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review (PubMed and Google) was performed and articles published in peer-reviewed journals, which addressed HAE prophylaxis, current HAE treatments, prodromal symptoms of HAE and self-administration of injected home medications were selected, reviewed and summarized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals whom have a significant decrease in QOL or have frequent or severe attacks and who fail or are intolerant to androgens should be considered for long-term prophylaxis with C1INH. Prodromal symptoms are sensitive, but non-specific, and precede acute HAE attacks in the majority of patients. Although the treatment of prodromal symptoms could lead to occasional overtreatment, it could be a viable option for those patients able to adequately predict their attacks. Finally, self-administration, has been shown to be feasible, safe and effective for patients who require IV therapy for multiple other diseases to include, but not limited to, hemophilia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prophylactic therapy, treatment at the time of prodromal symptoms and self-administration at home all should allow a reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with HAE.
authors.affiliation: Section of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. tcraig@psu.edu.
authors.forename: Callie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dagen
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Craig