title: Effect of different topical fluoride applications on the surface roughness of a colored compomer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of neutral sodium fluoride (NNaF) gel and acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel on the surface roughness of colored compomer (Twinky Star), conventional compomer (Compoglass F) and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) (Photac-Fil).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 45 standardized disc-shaped specimens were prepared for each material. After 24 h, finishing and polishing of specimens were done with aluminum oxide disc. Surface treatments with topical fluoride agents or distilled water (control) were performed four times, and interspersed with 8 pH cycles, simulating high cariogenic challenges. After the treatment, the surface roughness (Ra) was determined using a profilometer. In each group, specimens with Ra closest to the mean were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at x1,000 and x3,500 magnifications. Two-way ANOVA was used to evaluate Ra measurements, and the differences in Ra values between subgroups for each material and each topical applications were compared by Tukey's highly significant difference pairwise comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant difference in Ra between the Twinky Star and Compoglass F was found. However, Photac Fil showed significantly higher Ra than these materials after all surface treatments. There was a general trend of Ra increase from controls to NNaF and APF gels for all materials. SEM observations revealed that the surface micromorphology of Twinky-Star did not differ significantly from that of Compoglass F.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the compomers and the RMGIC showed significantly higher surface roughness when subjected to APF gel application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey. aysunavsar@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Aysun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avşar
authors.forename: Nuray
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tuloglu
mesh_terms: D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003116:Color; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D005782:Gels; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D020770:Compomers; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D005782:Gels; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride; D012969:Sodium Fluoride