title: Peripheral vessel leakage (PVL): a new angiographic finding in diabetic retinopathy identified with ultra wide-field fluorescein angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the relationship between peripheral vessel leakage and other angiographic features of diabetic retinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, consecutive case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive ultra wide-field angiographs obtained at a single institution for diabetic retinopathy were graded for angiographic characteristics including macular edema, retinal neovascularization, retinal vascular perfusion abnormalities, and retinal vascular staining and leakage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angiographic characteristics of 264 eyes of 143 patients were evaluated. Findings included focal and diffuse angiographic macular edema (150/264, 57%), neovascularization (107/264, 41%), late peripheral vascular leakage (PVL) (107/264, 41%), and peripheral non-perfusion (142/264, 54%). Amongst all subjects untreated peripheral non-perfusion was associated with anterior neovascularization (78% vs. 48%, p = 0.0001, Fisher exact test) and posterior neovascularization (78% vs. 43%, p < 0.0001), but not with macular edema (p = 0.71). PVL was associated with peripheral non-perfusion (78% vs. 38%, p < 0.0001) and posterior neovascularization (53% vs. 35%, p = 0.01), but not with macular edema (p = 0.449). However, focal macular edema was strongly associated with PVL (33% vs. 13%, p = 0.008) in eyes without peripheral non-perfusion. Amongst untreated eyes with non-proliferative retinopathy and macular edema, there was a trend for association between macular edema and peripheral non-perfusion (p = 0.065).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Untreated peripheral non-perfusion and late peripheral vascular leakage detected using ultra wide-field FA are associated with neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy. PVL may be associated with focal diabetic macular leakage in this cohort.
authors.affiliation: The Retina Division, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Scott C N
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D002199:Capillary Permeability; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies