title: Fungal inactivation by Mexican oregano (Lippia berlandieri Schauer) essential oil added to amaranth, chitosan, or starch edible films.
abstract: Edible films can incorporate antimicrobial agents to provide microbiological stability, since they can be used as carriers of a wide number of additives that can extend product shelf life and reduce the risk of pathogenic bacteria growth on food surfaces. Addition of antimicrobial agents to edible films offers advantages such as the use of low antimicrobial concentrations and low diffusion rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate inhibition of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp. by selected concentrations of Mexican oregano (Lippia berlandieri Schauer) essential oil added to amaranth, chitosan, or starch edible films. Oregano essential oil was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Amaranth, chitosan, and starch edible films were formulated with essential oil concentrations of 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1%, 2%, and 4%. Mold radial growth was evaluated inoculating spores in 2 ways: edible films were placed over inoculated agar, Film/Inoculum mode (F/I), or the edible films were first placed in the agar and then films were inoculated, Inoculum/Film mode (I/F). The modified Gompertz model adequately described growth curves. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in growth parameters between the 2 modes of inoculation. Antifungal effectiveness of edible films was starch > chitosan > amaranth. In starch edible films, both studied molds were inhibited with 0.50% of essential oil. Edible films added with Mexican oregano essential oil could improve the quality of foods by controlling surface growth of molds.
authors.affiliation: Dept. de Ingeniería Química y Alimentos, Univ. de las Américas Puebla, Cholula, Pue 72820, Mexico.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Avila-Sosa
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernández-Zamoran
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: López-Mendoza
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palou
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Jiménez Munguía
authors.forename: Guadalupe Virginia
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Nevárez-Moorillón
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Malo
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D027721:Amaranthus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D000081007:Cymenes; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005433:Flour; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000295:instrumentation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D032411:Lippia / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry*; D013943:Thymol / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D013943:Thymol; D013213:Starch; D048271:Chitosan; C073316:carvacrol