title: Prevalence and factors associated with tinnitus: a community-based study of Japanese elders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of tinnitus is reported to be high in older Western populations, and several risk factors have been suggested. However, community-based evidence on prevalence is limited and, to our knowledge, there is no such information from older non-Western populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with tinnitus in community-dwelling Japanese elders.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this community-based cross-sectional study, 1320 residents of Kurabuchi Town aged 65 years or older (584 men and 736 women; participation proportion = 98.7%) were interviewed at home in 2006, and information on tinnitus and factors associated with tinnitus was collected. We estimated the prevalence of tinnitus by age group and sex and used a logistic regression model to investigate associated factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of tinnitus was 18.6% (men: 18.0%; women: 19.0%); there were no statistically significant differences by age group or sex. Hearing difficulty, depressive mood, prescribed medication, past/current history of coronary heart disease, and knee joint pain requiring medical consultation were associated with tinnitus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that tinnitus is common in Japanese aged over 65 years. Because the factors associated with tinnitus in this cross-sectional study are potentially modifiable, they should be thoroughly investigated in a longitudinal study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Michikawa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizutari
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000453:epidemiology*