The great escape: viral strategies to counter BST-2/tetherin.
The interferon-induced BST-2 protein has the unique ability to restrict the egress of HIV-1, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), Ebola virus, and other enveloped viruses. The observation that virions remain attached to the surface of BST-2-expressing cells led to the renaming of BST-2 as "tetherin". However, viral proteins such as HIV-1 Vpu, simian immunodeficiency virus Nef, and KSHV K5 counteract BST-2, thereby allowing mature virions to readily escape from infected cells. Since the anti-viral function of BST-2 was discovered, there has been an explosion of research into several aspects of this intriguing interplay between host and virus. This review focuses on recent work addressing the molecular mechanisms involved in BST-2 restriction of viral egress and the species-specific countermeasures employed by various viruses.
Douglas
Janet L
JL
Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.
Gustin
Jean K
JK
Viswanathan
Kasinath
K
Mansouri
Mandana
M
Moses
Ashlee V
AV
Früh
Klaus
K
D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014771:Virion / Q000378:metabolism; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2
D015703:Antigens, CD; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C094572:BST2 protein, human; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2