title: A new method for alveolar bone repair using extracted teeth for the graft material.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the clinical field of jawbone formation, the use of autogenous bone as the graft material is the gold standard. However, there are some problems with this technique, such as risk of infection on the donor side, the limited amount of available bone mass, and marked resorption of the grafted bone. We investigated the potential for using teeth as a bone graft material for jawbone formation because the dental pulp contains stem cells, including undifferentiated neural crest-derived cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alveolar bone defects were created in Wistar rats, and the defects were filled with either tooth or iliac bone graft material, or left as controls. The potential for using teeth as a bone graft material for jawbone formation was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction, microcomputed tomography, and histologic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polymerase chain reaction revealed that the expressions of P75, P0, nestin, and musashi-1 were significantly higher in teeth than in mandibular bone and iliac bone grafts. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and microcomputed tomography showed that at 8 weeks, tooth graft material produced a similar amount of new bone compared to iliac bone graft material. Osteopontin was expressed in both the tooth and iliac bone graft material at 6 and 8 weeks after surgery. Dentin sialoprotein was expressed in the tooth graft material in the new bone at 6 weeks only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that teeth may be an alternative material to autogenous bone for treating alveolar bone defects by grafting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nampo
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watahiki
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Haruhisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Gou
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Tarou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Tetsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tachikawa
authors.forename: Koutaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maki
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014070:Tooth / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D053495:Osteopontin; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein