title: Rescue therapy using a rifabutin-based regimen is effective for cure of Helicobacter pylori infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of rescue therapy using rifabutin, amoxicillin and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients who have failed at least one course of PPI-based triple therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was a single-centre case series of 16 consecutive patients who had received at least one course of standard eradication therapy. Pretreatment evaluation included endoscopy with biopsies for histology and culture for H pylori infection. Treatment consisted of a one-week regimen containing a PPI twice daily, amoxicillin (A) 1 g twice daily and rifabutin (R) 300 mg once daily (PPI-AR). Post-treatment evaluation consisted of a repeat endoscopy with biopsy for histology and culture, or a validated urea breath test at least four weeks after treatment was completed. Pretreatment antibiotic susceptibility to metronidazole, clarithromycin and A was evaluated using a validated epsilometer test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 16 patients, four had previously received one course of triple therapy, 10 had received two courses and two had received more than two courses. The overall success rate of PPI-AR was 63% (10 of 16). Resistance to A was 0% (0 of 13), metronidazole 77% (10 of 13), clarithromycin 70% (seven of 10), and both metronidazole and clarithromycin 60% (six of 10). There was no correlation between resistance patterns and cure rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An R-containing regimen such as PPI-AR is a viable option as rescue therapy for H pylori infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton Centre, Edmonton, Alberta. vanzanten@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Sander Veldhuyzen
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: van Zanten
authors.forename: Snehal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cooper-Lesins
authors.forename: Dickran
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malatjalian
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haldane
authors.forename: Kevork
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peltekian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005756:Gastritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017828:Rifabutin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D017828:Rifabutin; D000658:Amoxicillin; D009853:Omeprazole