title: Image presentation. The nipple-areolar complex: a pictorial review of common and uncommon conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this presentation is to show the radiologic findings of normal variants and benign and malignant diseases that affect the nipple-areolar complex.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the imaging findings of nipple-areolar complex lesions, using multiple breast imaging modalities including mammography, sonography, galactography, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiologic features of nipple-areolar complex lesions, including Montgomery tubercles, nipple inversion, benign calcifications, inflammation, duct dilatations, intraductal papillomas, fibroadenomas, neurofibromatosis, dermatosis of the nipple, and breast malignancy, have been illustrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A clinical examination is essential and an appropriate imaging evaluation with multiple modalities is often necessary to accurately diagnose an underlying abnormality of the nipple-areolar complex. Given the limitations of conventional mammography, supplemental mammographic views often are needed, and sonography may be performed to further characterize a mammographic or clinical finding. Also, contrast-enhanced MRI may be useful for additional evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Kyu Soon
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: In Kyu
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Keum Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hak Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008327:Mammography; D009558:Nipples / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media