title: New treatment modality for maxillary hypoplasia in cleft patients. Protraction facemask with miniplate anchorage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present cleft patients treated with protraction facemask and miniplate anchorage (FM/MP) in order to demonstrate the effects of FM/MP on maxillary hypoplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cases consisted of cleft palate only (12 year 1 month old girl, treatment duration = 16 months), unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (12 year 1 month old boy, treatment duration = 24 months), and unilateral cleft lip and palate (7 year 2 month old boy, treatment duration = 13 months). Curvilinear type surgical miniplates (Martin, Tuttlinger, Germany) were placed into the zygomatic buttress areas of the maxilla. After 4 weeks, mobility of the miniplates was checked, and the orthopedic force (500 g per side, 30 degrees downward and forward from the occlusal plane) was applied 12 to 14 hours per day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, there was significant forward displacement of the point A. Side effects such as labial tipping of the upper incisors, extrusion of the upper molars, clockwise rotations of the mandibular plane, and bite opening, were considered minimal relative to that usually observed with conventional protraction facemask with tooth-borne anchorage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FM/MP can be an effective alternative treatment modality for maxillary hypoplasia with minimal unwanted side effects in cleft patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hak
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Keun-Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D001860:Bone Plates; D002648:Child; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities; D008844:Micrognathism / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015050:Zygoma / Q000601:surgery