title: Lacosamide: new adjunctive treatment option for partial-onset seizures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting up to 2% of the population worldwide. Studies show that patients with refractory seizures have higher morbidity and mortality rates, as well as a poorer quality of life, than those with controlled seizures. Therefore, treatment that reduces the frequency of seizures may improve patients' quality of life. Lacosamide (LCM) is a recently approved anticonvulsant in Europe and the USA which offers new mechanisms of action and favorable safety profiles. Efficacy data have shown fast onset of anticonvulsant effects and significant reduction of partial-onset seizures as adjunctive therapy at LCM 200 and 400 mg/day, even in a severely refractory population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reviews three pivotal clinical trials of LCM, including its efficacy and tolerability over 7 years. In addition, LCM's key pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics from a search of the literature are reviewed in detail. This article also includes recent publications on the safety and use of intravenous LCM solution for patients with epilepsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This article provides comprehensive review of efficacy and safety information of LCM along with comprehensive pharmacokinetic information, which includes absolute bioavailability, low protein binding, lack of hepatic enzyme induction or inhibition, and low potential for drug-drug interactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the fact that more than 30% of epilepsy patients remain refractory despite various antiepileptic drugs, LCM may provide added benefit to patients with refractory seizures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA. sschung@chw.edu
authors.forename: Steve S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000078334:Lacosamide; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000078334:Lacosamide