title: Effects of palladium nanoparticles on the cytokine release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of non-atopic women.
abstract: The object of this study is to determine the cytokine release from PBMCs exposed to Pd model nanoparticles emitted from catalytic converters. PBMCs of 8 healthy non-atopic women were incubated in the presence of Pd nanoparticles (5-10 nm) or salt (potassium hexa-chloropalladate) 10-5 and 10-6 M. Release of cytokines in supernatant of PBMCs was then determined. In cultures without LPS, IL-10 and IL-17 release from PBMCs was inhibited by Pd salt, while Pd nanoparticles inhibited TNF-alpha and IL-17 release. In LPS-stimulated cultures, release of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and IL-17 was inhibited by Pd salt, whereas IFN-gamma release was enhanced and TNF-alpha and IL-17 release was inhibited by Pd nanoparticles. In conclusion, Pd salt inhibits cytokine release, whereas Pd nanoparticles exert modulatory effects enhancing the release of IFN-gamma, a Th1 cytokine typical of delayed allergic reactions. This result is interesting considering the increase of allergic contact dermatitis to Pd in people exposed to Pd nanoparticles in urban environments.
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Occupational Medicine of the University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Pescara, Italy. boscolo@unich.it
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boscolo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bellante
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leopold
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Giampaolo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonucci
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iavicoli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tobia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paoletti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montalti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petrarca
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sabbioni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Gioacchino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010165:Palladium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018579:Patient Selection; D012016:Reference Values; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015848:Interleukin-5; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D010165:Palladium; D007371:Interferon-gamma