title: [1400W blocks death pathway of LPS-induced activated-microglia to preOLs].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the efficacy of inductible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor 1400W in vivo in blocking the death pathway of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activated-microglia to preoligodendrocytes (preOLs) in neonatal rats with infective-type periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) induced by LPS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-day-old neonatal rats were randomly divided into: a sham-operated group, an untreated PVL group, and four 1400W-treated PVL groups that were subcutaneously administrated with 20 mg/kg of 1400W at 0 h, 8 hrs, 16 hrs, and 24 hrs after LPS induction, respectively. The brain specimens were obtained 5 days after LPS induction. The pathological assessment of cerebral white matter was performed under a light microscope. Concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) were measured by nitric acid-deoxidize colorimetry. Synthesis of iNOS was determined by Western blot analysis. Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) level and the amount of preOLs were determined by immunocytochemistry. RETHODS: The obvious injuries of periventricular white matter, massive loss of positive O4-labelled preOLs, and increased levels of NO, ONOO(-) and iNOS were observed in neonatal rats with PVL. Compared to the untreated PVL group, the use of 1400W at 0 h, 8 hrs and 16 hrs after LPS induction significantly improved white matter injuries, reduced the levels of NO, ONOO(-) and iNOS, and increased the amount of O4-labelled preOLs. However, the use of 1400W at 24 hrs after LPS induction did not result in the improvements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  iNOS inhibitor 1400W can effectively block the toxicity of LPS-activated microglia to preOLs and protect cerebral white matter through inhibiting iNOS and reducing the production of NO and ONOO(-). The use of 1400W within 16 hrs after LPS induction may provide cerebral protections in neonatal rats with PVL.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Hui-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Long-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Guan-Yi
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology*; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D000578:Amidines; D001596:Benzylamines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C104820:N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II