title: Effect of alpha1-adrenergic antagonists on lower ureteral stones with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficiency of alpha1-adrenergic antagonists on stone clearance after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in patients with lower ureteral stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 107 patients with solitary lower ureteral stones and who underwent single ESWL sessions were divided into two groups. Group 1 received our standard medical therapy, and group 2 was treated with 0.4 mg/day tamsulosin for a maximum of 2 weeks. All patients were re-evaluated with plain film radiography and ultrasound each week during treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four of the 52 patients in group 1 (46.2%) and 41 of 55 patients in group 2 (74.5%) (p =0.002) were found to be stone-free. Among patients with stones 10-15 mm in diameter, the stone-free rate was 36.4% in group 1 and 73.0% in group 2 (p = 0.003). Average stone expulsion time was 11.6 days and 8.1 days in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.000). Ureteral colic occurred in 10 patients (19.2%) in group 1 but only 3 patients (5.5%) in group 2 (p = 0.043). The only side effect of tamsulosin was slight dizziness in 2 of the 55 (3.6%) patients in group 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjunctive therapy with alpha1-adrenergic antagonists after ESWL is more effective than, and equally as safe as lithotripsy alone in the treatment of patients with lower ureteral stones. The use of alpha1-adrenergic antagonists is more useful for stones with a large dimension, and can also reduce stone expulsion time and episodes of ureteral colic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, China. urowanghj@yahoo.cn
authors.forename: Huijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Hanzhong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077409:Tamsulosin; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000077409:Tamsulosin