title: Effect of an individualized physical training program on resting cortisol and growth hormone levels and fat oxidation during exercise in obese children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to characterize the resting levels of cortisol and growth hormone (GH), and the substrate profile during exercise of obese children before and after an individualized training program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two obese children (13.1 ± 0.8 yrs) were included in the study. Twelve individuals (six boys and six girls; 31.1 ± 1.1 kg/m², VO₂(peak)=1.92 ± 0.16l/min) participated in a two-month endurance training program and 10 individuals (five boys and five girls; 30.9 ± 1.7 kg/m², VO₂(peak)=1.98 ± 0.12l/min) served as controls. Training was individualized and targeting at the point were fat oxidation was maximal (Lipox(max)). Substrate oxidation was evaluated by indirect calorimetry. To determine plasma cortisol and GH concentrations, blood was collected at rest before and after the two-month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before the program, no significant differences were detected between the training group and the control group for any of the measured anthropometric, metabolic or hormonal variables. At the end of the two-month program, training group showed an increase in VO₂(peak) and fat oxidation during exercise. After the program, resting levels of GH and cortisol were significantly increased in the training group (+0.9 ± 0.3 ng/mL and +55.4 ± 10.3 ng/mL respectively, p < 0.01). Following the two-month period, there was no change in any variables measured in control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data show that an individualized endurance training program targeting Lipox(max) improves fat oxidation during exercise and increases resting levels of GH and cortisol.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des adaptations cardio-circulatoires, respiratoires, métaboliques et hormonales à l'exercice musculaire, faculté de médecine, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia. omar.oda@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ben Ounis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elloumi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zouhal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Makni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lac
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tabka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amri
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone