Maxillary sinus augmentation using prehydrated corticocancellous porcine bone: hystomorphometric evaluation after 6 months.
BACKGROUND
Insufficient alveolar bone height often prevents the placement of standard dental implants in the posterior part of edentulous maxilla. In order to increase adequately the vertical dimension of the reabsorbed alveolar process, a sinus lift procedure is often necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate histologic results of a prehydrated corticocancellous porcine bone used in maxillary sinus augmentation.


METHODS
Patients (age 18-70 years) with a residual bone height requiring a maxillary sinus augmentation procedure to place dental implants were eligible for this study. All patients were treated with the same surgical technique consisting of sinus floor augmentation via a lateral approach. The space obtained by elevation of the mucosa wall was grafted with prehydrated and collagenated corticocancellous porcine bone. Biopsies were harvested 6 months after the augmentation procedures.


RESULTS
Twenty-four patients were enrolled. The mean percentage of new formed bone was 43.9 ± 18.6% (range 7.5-100%), whereas the mean percentage of residual graft material was 14.2 ± 13.6% (range 0-41.9%). The new bone/residual graft material ratio in the maxillary sinuses was 3.1. The mean soft tissues percentage was 41.8 ± 22.7% (range 0-92.5%).


CONCLUSIONS
The present study suggested that porcine bone showed excellent osteoconductive properties and could be used successfully for sinus augmentation. Moreover, the porcine bone showed a high percentage of reabsorption after 6 months; this might be because of the presence of collagen and the porosity of the graft material.
Barone
Antonio
A
Department of Bio-Physical Medical and Dental Sciences and Technologies, University of Genova, Italy. barosurg@gmail.com
Ricci
Massimiliano
M
Covani
Ugo
U
Nannmark
Ulf
U
Azarmehr
Iman
I
Calvo-Guirado
Josè Luis
JL
D000042:Absorption; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003094:Collagen; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D016062:Porosity; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D055815:Young Adult
D018786:Bone Substitutes; D003094:Collagen