title: Overexpression of ACL1 (abaxially curled leaf 1) increased Bulliform cells and induced Abaxial curling of leaf blades in rice.
abstract: Understanding the genetic mechanism underlying rice leaf-shape development is crucial for optimizing rice configuration and achieving high yields; however, little is known about leaf abaxial curling. We isolated a rice transferred DNA (T-DNA) insertion mutant, BY240, which exhibited an abaxial leaf curling phenotype that co-segregated with the inserted T-DNA. The T-DNA was inserted in the promoter of a novel gene, ACL1 (Abaxially Curled Leaf 1), and led to overexpression of this gene in BY240. Overexpression of ACL1 in wild-type rice also resulted in abaxial leaf curling. ACL1 encodes a protein of 116 amino acids with no known conserved functional domains. Overexpression of ACL2, the only homolog of ACL1 in rice, also induced abaxial leaf curling. RT-PCR analysis revealed high expressions of ACLs in leaf sheaths and leaf blades, suggesting a role for these genes in leaf development. In situ hybridization revealed non-tissue-specific expression of the ACLs in the shoot apical meristem, leaf primordium, and young leaf. Histological analysis showed increased number and exaggeration of bulliform cells and expansion of epidermal cells in the leaves of BY240, which caused developmental discoordination of the abaxial and adaxial sides, resulting in abaxially curled leaves. These results revealed an important mechanism in rice leaf development and provided the genetic basis for agricultural improvement.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhen-Ying
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ge-Zhi
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xin-Qi
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lin-Sheng
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Jing-Liu
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012275:Oryza / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D010940:Plant Proteins; C036483:T-DNA