title: Enhanced tumorigenesis of forestomach tumors induced by N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in rats with hypoinsulinemic diabetes.
abstract: Hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in prediabetic and diabetic patients are thought to increase the risk of developing neoplasms because insulin is a growth factor with pre-eminent metabolic but also mitogenic effects. To determine the effect of hypoinsulinemic diabetic conditions on carcinogenesis, we examined N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced forestomach carcinogenesis in hypoinsulinemic diabetic WBN/Kob rats aged about 45 weeks (DM) compared with non-diabetic younger WBN/Kob rats (C1), non-diabetic Wistar rats age-matched to DM (C2), and non-diabetic Wistar rats age-matched to C1 (C3). All rats were treated with MNNG by gavage and were killed at 40 weeks after dosing. Various-sized tumors were disseminated throughout the forestomach of all rats, and the ratio of the area of tumors to the whole forestomach area was 23.3% in the DM group and was higher than in the C1-3 (4.2-14.3%) groups. The incidence of carcinoma was much higher in the DM group (36.8%) than in the C1-3 (7.1-16.7%) groups, and the incidence of papilloma was also significantly higher in the DM group (84.2%) than in the C1-3 (28.5-50.0%) groups. The average thickness of the squamous epithelium in the non-neoplastic mucosa was significantly greater in the DM group (50.8 mum) than in the C1-3 (29.6-37.9 microm) groups. Immunohistochemically, the Ki-67-positive index in the non-tumorous mucosa of the DM group (42.0%) was significantly higher than that of the C1-3 groups (18.8-33.3%). These results suggest that prolonged hyperglycemic conditions without hyperinsulinemia enhance tumorigenesis of MNNG-induced tumors by enhanced proliferative activity of the squamous epithelium in the rat forestomach.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Kiyokazu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Narama
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000172:deficiency*; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine / Q000633:toxicity*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000473:pathology; D010212:Papilloma / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013270:Stomach / Q000473:pathology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D007328:Insulin; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine