title: Ethanol sclerotherapy of superficial venous malformation: a new procedure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Superficial venous malformations (SVM) are the most frequent vascular malformations. Outpatient percutaneous treatment with ethanol injection has rarely been described.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the results from treating SVM patients with ethanol sclerotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  81 patients were followed up prospectively over a median period of 18 months. 47 were female and 34 were male with a median age of 21 years. Most of the lesions were located in the limbs and the main symptom reported was pain. Each patient underwent fortnightly alcohol injection sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lesions and the symptoms completely disappeared or improved in 77 patients. There were no complications in 64 patients, while 11 presented a small skin ulcer, 3 hyperpigmentation and 3 paresthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethanol sclerotherapy for SVM patients was effective, with a low complication rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Hospital A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Luiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.forename: Jose Guilherme Mendes Pereira
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Caldas
authors.forename: Heloisa Galvão do Amaral
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishinari
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wolosker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D002648:Child; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D000431:Ethanol