title: Night driving simulation in a randomized prospective comparison of Visian toric implantable collamer lens and conventional PRK for moderate to high myopic astigmatism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare changes in simulated night driving performance after Visian Toric Implantable Collamer Lens (TICL; STAAR Surgical) implantation and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for the correction of moderate to high myopic astigmatism.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, randomized study consisted of 43 eyes implanted with the TICL (20 bilateral cases) and 45 eyes receiving conventional PRK (VISX Star S3 excimer laser) with mitomycin C (22 bilateral cases) for moderate to high myopia (-6.00 to -20.00 diopters[D] sphere) measured at the spectacle plane and 1.00 to 4.00 D of astigmatism. As a substudy, 27 eyes of 14 TICL patients and 41 eyes of 21 PRK patients underwent a simulated night driving test. The detection and identification distances of road signs and hazards with the Night Driving Simulator (Vision Sciences Research Corp) were measured with and without a glare source before and 6 months after each procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was noted in the pre- to postoperative Night Driving Simulator in detection distances with and without the glare source between the TICL and PRK groups. The differences in identification distances without glare were significantly better for business and traffic road signs and pedestrian hazards in the TICL group relative to the PRK group whereas with glare, only the pedestrian hazards were significantly better. A clinically relevant change of Night Driving Simulator performance (>0.5 seconds change in ability to identify tasks postoperatively) was significantly better in the TICL group (with and without glare) for all identification tasks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TICL performed better than conventional PRK in the pre- to postoperative Night Driving Simulator testing with and without a glare source present.
authors.affiliation: Optical Express, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schallhorn
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tanzer
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Mitch
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Sandor E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kaupp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001334:Automobile Driving; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D019466:Glare; D006801:Humans; D054018:Lasers, Excimer / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D054120:Phakic Intraocular Lenses; D018903:Photorefractive Keratectomy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology