title: T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase attenuates STAT3 and insulin signaling in the liver to regulate gluconeogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-instigated JAK/STAT3-signaling pathways in the liver inhibit the expression of gluconeogenic genes to decrease hepatic glucose output. The insulin receptor (IR) and JAK1 tyrosine kinases and STAT3 can serve as direct substrates for the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP). Homozygous TCPTP-deficiency results in perinatal lethality prohibiting any informative assessment of TCPTP's role in glucose homeostasis. Here we have used Ptpn2+/- mice to investigate TCPTP's function in glucose homeostasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed insulin sensitivity and gluconeogenesis in chow versus high-fat-fed (HFF) Ptpn2+/- and Ptpn2+/+ mice and insulin and IL-6 signaling and gluconeogenic gene expression in Ptpn2+/- and Ptpn2+/+ hepatocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HFF Ptpn2+/- mice exhibited lower fasted blood glucose and decreased hepatic glucose output as determined in hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps and by the decreased blood glucose levels in pyruvate tolerance tests. The reduced hepatic glucose output coincided with decreased expression of the gluconeogenic genes G6pc and Pck1 and enhanced hepatic STAT3 phosphorylation and PI3K/Akt signaling in the fasted state. Insulin-induced IR-beta-subunit Y1162/Y1163 phosphorylation and PI3K/Akt signaling and IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation were also enhanced in isolated Ptpn2+/- hepatocytes. The increased insulin and IL-6 signaling resulted in enhanced suppression of G6pc and Pck1 mRNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver TCPTP antagonises both insulin and STAT3 signaling pathways to regulate gluconeogenic gene expression and hepatic glucose output.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galic
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fam
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wiede
authors.forename: Michel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: Sofianos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andrikopoulos
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tiganis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010766:Phosphorylation; D054578:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D054578:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2; C516653:Ptpn2 protein, mouse; D005947:Glucose