title: Measuring benefits and patients' satisfaction when glasses are not needed after cataract and presbyopia surgery: scoring and psychometric validation of the Freedom from Glasses Value Scale (FGVS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to reduce the number of items, create a scoring method and assess the psychometric properties of the Freedom from Glasses Value Scale (FGVS), which measures benefits of freedom from glasses perceived by cataract and presbyopic patients after multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 21-item FGVS, developed simultaneously in French and Spanish, was administered by phone during an observational study to 152 French and 152 Spanish patients who had undergone cataract or presbyopia surgery at least 1 year before the study. Reduction of items and creation of the scoring method employed statistical methods (principal component analysis, multitrait analysis) and content analysis. Psychometric properties (validation of the structure, internal consistency reliability, and known-group validity) of the resulting version were assessed in the pooled population and per country.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One item was deleted and 3 were kept but not aggregated in a dimension. The other 17 items were grouped into 2 dimensions ('global evaluation', 9 items; 'advantages', 8 items) and divided into 5 sub-dimensions, with higher scores indicating higher benefit of surgery. The structure was validated (good item convergent and discriminant validity). Internal consistency reliability was good for all dimensions and sub-dimensions (Cronbach's alphas above 0.70). The FGVS was able to discriminate between patients wearing glasses or not after surgery (higher scores for patients not wearing glasses). FGVS scores were significantly higher in Spain than France; however, the measure had similar psychometric performances in both countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FGVS is a valid and reliable instrument measuring benefits of freedom from glasses perceived by cataract and presbyopic patients after multifocal IOL surgery.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Eurmea, Alcon Laboratories, 4, rue Henri Sainte-Claire Deville, 92563 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berdeaux
authors.forename: Juliette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meunier
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arnould
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viala-Danten
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000601:surgery*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*