title: Paradigm shifts in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm: trends in 721 patients between 1996 and 2008.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated longitudinal trends in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) management after later-generation endografts became available.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed non-suprarenal AAA repairs between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2008, performed at a single institution. Patients were stratified by endovascular AAA repair (EVAR) or open repair and the presence or absence of rupture. Thirty-day mortality rates were compared with the Fisher exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a 13-year period, 721 patients underwent AAA repair, comprising 410 (56.9%) with EVAR and 311 (43.1%) with open repair. A bimodal distribution of EVAR usage was observed, with initial escalation in the 1990s to 70%. A nadir of EVAR occurred in the early 2000s (40%), correlating with more conservative EVAR use after the limitations of first-generation endografts were understood. Between 2005 and 2008, average EVAR use increased to 84%. The overall 30-day mortality rate for the entire cohort, including ruptured AAA, was 3.8%: 2.0% (8 of 410) for EVAR and 6.1% (19 of 311) for open repair (P < .05). Ruptured AAA had a mortality rate of 0% (0 of 8) for EVAR vs 31% (9 of 29) for open (P = .16). Non-ruptured AAA mortality was 2.0% (8 of 402) for EVAR vs 3.6% (10 of 282) for open (P = .23). EVAR and open repair both had reductions in mortality in the latter half of the series, combining to provide a significant decrease in overall mortality to 1.8% for patients treated from 2003 to 2008 compared with 4.9% for 1996 to 2002 (P < .05). Open AAA repair became more complex during the study period. The average rate for juxtarenal open AAA repair was 17.7% (range, 6.5%-34.6%) between 1996 and 2002 compared with 55.6% (range, 29.6%-100%) between 2003 and 2008 (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AAA treatment has undergone a profound and sustained paradigm shift, now averaging 84% of repairs performed with EVAR between 2005 and 2008. Overall mortality from AAA repair, including ruptures, was reduced 64% (from 4.9% to 1.8%) during the 13-year study period. Although EVAR and open repair both had improved mortality in the latter half of the series, the primary driver in reduced mortality for AAA repair has been the shift to EVAR.
authors.affiliation: Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Francisco C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.forename: Britt H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Tonnessen
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Noll
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cires
authors.forename: Jason K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: W Charles
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Sternbergh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001019:Aortic Rupture / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001027:Aortography / Q000379:methods; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis / Q000639:trends; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000401:mortality / Q000639:trends*; D019992:Databases as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000401:mortality / Q000639:trends*