title: Racial and ethnic differences in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: findings from the Get With the Guidelines-Coronary Artery Disease program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Racial/ethnic differences in cardiovascular care have been well documented. We sought to determine whether racial/ethnic differences in evidence-based acute myocardial infarction care persist among hospitals participating in a national quality improvement program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed 142 593 acute myocardial infarction patients (121 528 whites, 10 882 blacks, and 10 183 Hispanics) at 443 hospitals participating in the Get With the Guidelines-Coronary Artery Disease (GWTG-CAD) program between January 2002 and June 2007. We examined individual and overall composite rates of defect-free care, defined as the proportion of patients receiving all eligible performance measures. In addition, we examined temporal trends in use of performance measures according to race/ethnicity by calendar quarter. Overall, individual performance measure use was high, ranging from 78% for use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors to 96% for use of aspirin at discharge. Use of each of these improved significantly over the 5 years of study. Overall, defect-free care was 80.9% for whites, 79.5% for Hispanics (adjusted odds ratio versus whites 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.94 to 1.06, P=0.94), and 77.7% for blacks (adjusted odds ratio versus whites 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.87 to 0.98, P=0.01). A significant gap in defect-free care was observed for blacks mostly during the first half of the study, which was no longer present during the remainder of the study. Overall, progressive improvements in defect-free care were observed regardless of race/ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among hospitals engaged in a national quality monitoring and improvement program, evidence-based care for acute myocardial infarction appeared to improve over time for patients irrespective of race/ethnicity, and differences in care by race/ethnicity care were reduced or eliminated.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA. mgcohen@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Mauricio G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Gregg C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fonarow
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moscucci
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Adrian F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Robert O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Bonow
authors.forename: Sidney C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000572:American Heart Association; D044383:Black People / Q000208:ethnology; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000639:trends*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000639:trends; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology; D001741:Black or African American