title: Comparison of allograft bone and titanium cages for vertebral body replacement in the thoracolumbar spine: a biomechanical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When an anterior approach to repair a burst fracture is indicated, several devices can be used to restore spinal stability (eg, bone graft, free-standing titanium cage, and expandable titanium cage).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We compare the biomechanical stability and prices of each of these systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight fresh human cadaver T11 through L3 vertebral specimens were harvested and cleaned of soft tissues. T11-T12 and L2-L3 were fixed by screws. The fixed ends were then set in automotive body filler (Bondo). The prepared specimens were tested in the Biaxial Instron tester (8874, Norwood, MA) after a sequence of the following: intact, after the creation of an anterior corpectomy at L1, and after insertion of both of the 2 different titanium cages and the fibular graft. A titanium screw-and-plate anterolateral system was used to secure the construct (VANTAGE, Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, TN). The conditions of displacement testing were as follows: rotation (+/- 3.5 degrees ), flexion and extension, and left and right bending (+/- 3.5 mm). For each mode of testing, the stiffness was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stiffness data, when statistically analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance (at P = .05 and power > 0.9), indicated no significant differences among these devices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of this biomechanical study, the stiffness of the fibular graft was similar to that of the other metallic devices in this cadaver model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA.
authors.forename: Raul J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cardenas
authors.forename: Vijayakumar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Javalkar
authors.forename: Shashikant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Cruz
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogden
authors.forename: Debi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nanda
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002102:Cadaver; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000379:methods; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000592:standards; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014025:Titanium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium