title: Analysis of pressure ulcer wound fluid using two-dimensional electrophoresis.
abstract: The incidence rate of pressure ulcers in the USA ranges from 0.4% to 38% in acute care settings and from 2.2% to 23.9% in long-term care settings, and their treatment costs are in the billions of dollars yearly. The proteome of wound fluid may contain early indicators or biomarkers associated with healing in pressure ulcers that would enable treatment regimes to be optimised for each individual. Wound fluid was collected from the interior and periphery of 19 chronic pressure ulcers at 15 time points during 42 days for an analysis of protein expression. Proteins were fractionated using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A comparison of the spot distributions indicates a biochemical difference between the interior and the periphery of wounds. Pressure ulcers that healed show a greater number of spots for interior and peripheral locations combined over time when compared with wounds that did not heal. Using this technique, protein S100A9 was identified as a potential biomarker of wound healing. The identification of differences within the proteome of healing versus non healing pressure ulcers could have great significance in the use of current treatments, as well as the development of new therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Wound Healing Research, Natural and Health Sciences Research Center, Daemen College, Amherst, NY 14226-3592, USA. jwyffels@daemen.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wyffels
authors.forename: Kristin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Fries
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Christa A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lodwig
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Brogan
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shero
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Edsberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011379:Prognosis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D040502:Calgranulin B