title: Exposure to naphthalene induces naphthyl-keratin adducts in human epidermis in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: We observed naphthyl-keratin adducts and dose-related metabolic enzyme induction at the mRNA level in reconstructed human epidermis in vitro after exposure to naphthalene. Immunofluorescence detection of 2-naphthyl-keratin-1 adducts confirmed the metabolism of naphthalene and adduction of keratin. We also observed naphthyl-keratin adducts in dermal tape-strip samples collected from naphthalene-exposed workers at levels ranging from 0.004 to 6.104 pmol adduct microg(-1) keratin. We have demonstrated the ability of the human skin to metabolize naphthalene and to form naphthyl-keratin adducts both in vitro and in vivo. The results indicate the potential use of keratin adducts as biomarkers of dermal exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Juei-Chuan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kang-Sickel
authors.forename: Vandy P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Stober
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: Leena A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Nylander-French
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004817:Epidermis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006838:Hydrocarbons; C098607:JP8 aviation fuel; D009281:Naphthalenes; D012313:RNA; D007633:Keratins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System