Cancer/testis antigen CAGE exerts negative regulation on p53 expression through HDAC2 and confers resistance to anti-cancer drugs.
The role of the cancer/testis antigen CAGE in drug resistance was investigated. The drug-resistant human melanoma Malme3M (Malme3M(R)) and the human hepatic cancer cell line SNU387 (SNU387(R)) showed in vivo drug resistance and CAGE induction. Induction of CAGE resulted from decreased expression and thereby displacement of DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1) from CAGE promoter sequences. Various drugs induce expression of CAGE by decreasing expression of DNMT1, and hypomethylation of CAGE was correlated with the increased expression of CAGE. Down-regulation of CAGE in these cell lines decreased invasion and enhanced drug sensitivity resulting from increased apoptosis. Down-regulation of CAGE also led to decreased anchorage-independent growth. Down-regulation of CAGE led to increased expression of p53, suggesting that CAGE may act as a negative regulator of p53. Down-regulation of p53 enhanced resistance to drugs and prevented drugs from exerting apoptotic effects. In SNU387(R) cells, CAGE induced the interaction between histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and Snail, which exerted a negative effect on p53 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that CAGE, through interaction with HDAC2, exerted a negative effect on p53 expression in Malme3M(R) cells. These results suggest that CAGE confers drug resistance by regulating expression of p53 through HDAC2. Taken together, these results show the potential value of CAGE as a target for the development of cancer therapeutics.
Kim
Youngmi
Y
School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea.
Park
Hyunmi
H
Park
Deokbum
D
Lee
Yun-Sil
YS
Choe
Jongseon
J
Hahn
Jang-Hee
JH
Lee
Hansoo
H
Kim
Young-Myeong
YM
Jeoung
Dooil
D
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2; C454199:DDX53 protein, human; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases