Effects on titanium implant surfaces of chemical agents used for the treatment of peri-implantitis.
The treatment of peri-implantitis, which causes tissue deterioration surrounding osseointegrated implants, involves surface decontamination and cleaning. However, chemical cleaning agents may alter the structure of implant surfaces. We investigated three such cleaning solutions. Commercially pure (grade 4) machined titanium discs (CAMLOG Biotechnologies AG, Switzerland) were treated with 3% H(2)O(2) (5 min), saturated citric acid (pH = 1) (1 min) or chlorhexidine gel (5 min), and their surface properties were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Human epithelial cell attachment (24-h observation) and proliferation (72-h observation) were investigated via dimethylthiazolyl-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein content assays. AFM revealed no significant difference in roughness of the three treated surfaces. XPS confirmed the constant presence of typical surface elements and an intact TiO(2) layer on each surface. The XPS peaks after chlorhexidine gel treatment demonstrated C-O and/or C=O bond formation, due to chlorhexidine digluconate infiltrating the surface. MTT and BCA assays indicated similar epithelial cell attachments in the three groups; epithelial cell proliferation being significantly higher after H(2)O(2) than after chlorhexidine gel treatment (not shown by BCA assays). These agents do not harm the Ti surface. Cleaning with H(2)O(2) slightly enhances human epithelial cell growth, in contrast to chlorhexidine gel.
Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt.64, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
Krisztina
K
Ungvári
István K
IK
Pelsöczi
Bernadett
B
Kormos
Albert
A
Oszkó
Zoltán
Z
Rakonczay
Lajos
L
Kemény
Márta
M
Radnai
Katalin
K
Nagy
András
A
Fazekas
Kinga
K
Turzó
D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010000:Osteitis / Q000209:etiology*; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium