Efficacy of intrathecal morphine with epidural ropivacaine infusion for postcesarean analgesia.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the analgesia following cesarean delivery and the frequency of side effects of intrathecal morphine when combined with a continuous epidural infusion.


METHODS
Randomized, double-blinded study.


METHODS
University hospital.


METHODS
76 ASA physical status I and II term parturients undergoing cesarean delivery with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.


METHODS
Patients were randomized to one of three groups to receive 0, 50, or 100 microg (Group 0, Group 50, and Group 100, respectively) intrathecal morphine in addition to 8 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine. Each patient received a continuous epidural infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine at the rate of 6 mL/hr.


METHODS
24-hour visual analog pain scores (VAPS), number of patients who requested rescue analgesics, frequency of requests for rescue analgesics per patient, and time interval before the first request for rescue analgesics were recorded. Frequency of pruritus and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were also recorded.


RESULTS
Group 50 and Group 100 patients exhibited lower VAPS and longer time intervals before the first request for rescue analgesics, and they requested rescue analgesics less frequently than Group 0 patients. The frequency of pruritus was significantly higher in Group 100 than Group 0. The groups did not differ with regard to PONV.


CONCLUSIONS
50 microg and 100 microg of intrathecal morphine improve analgesia when combined with a continuous epidural infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine (6 mL/hr) after cesarean delivery. 50 microg of intrathecal morphine is associated with a low frequency of side effects such as pruritus and PONV.
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan. subetenakusitamamani@yahoo.co.jp
Ikuomi
I
Mikuni
Hiroyasu
H
Hirai
Yuki
Y
Toyama
Osamu
O
Takahata
Hiroshi
H
Iwasaki
D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D013997:Time Factors
D000577:Amides; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009020:Morphine; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine