Active site plasticity revealed from the structure of the enterobacterial N-ribohydrolase RihA bound to a competitive inhibitor.
BACKGROUND
Pyrimidine-preferring N-ribohydrolases (CU-NHs) are a class of Ca2+-dependent enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond in pyrimidine nucleosides. With the exception of few selected organisms, their physiological relevance in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is yet under investigation.


RESULTS
Here, we report the first crystal structure of a CU-NH bound to a competitive inhibitor, the complex between the Escherichia coli enzyme RihA bound to 3, 4-diaminophenyl-iminoribitol (DAPIR) to a resolution of 2.1 A. The ligand can bind at the active site in two distinct orientations, and the stabilization of two flexible active site regions is pivotal to establish the interactions required for substrate discrimination and catalysis.


CONCLUSIONS
A comparison with the product-bound RihA structure allows a rationalization of the structural rearrangements required for an enzymatic catalytic cycle, highlighting a substrate-assisted cooperative motion, and suggesting a yet overlooked role of the conserved His82 residue in modulating product release. Differences in the structural features of the active sites in the two homologous CU-NHs RihA and RihB from E. coli provide a rationale for their fine differences in substrate specificity. These new findings hint at a possible role of CU-NHs in the breakdown of modified nucleosides derived from RNA molecules.
Biocrystallography Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases - Scientific Institute S. Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan - Italy.
Gianpiero
G
Garau
Laura
L
Muzzolini
Paola
P
Tornaghi
Massimo
M
Degano
D001667:Binding, Competitive; D055162:Biocatalysis; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004583:Electrons; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D050113:Imino Furanoses / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011741:Pyrimidine Nucleosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012255:Ribitol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013379:Substrate Specificity
C552727:3,4-diaminophenyliminoribitol; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D050113:Imino Furanoses; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D011741:Pyrimidine Nucleosides; C089322:phenyliminoribitol; D012255:Ribitol; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; C422987:RihA protein, E coli