Drug screening to identify suppressors of GFAP expression.
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the major intermediate filament protein of astrocytes in the vertebrate central nervous system. Increased levels of GFAP are the hallmark feature of gliosis, a non-specific response of astrocytes to a wide variety of injuries and disorders of the CNS, and also occur in Alexander disease where the initial insult is a mutation within the coding region of GFAP itself. In both settings, excess GFAP may cause or exacerbate astrocyte dysfunction. With the goal of finding drugs that reduce the expression of GFAP, we have devised screens to detect changes in GFAP promoter activity or protein levels in primary cultures of mouse astrocytes in a 96-well format. We have applied these screens to libraries enriched in compounds that are already approved for human use by the FDA. We report that several compounds are active at micromolar levels in suppressing the expression of GFAP. Treatment of mice for 3 weeks with one of these drugs, clomipramine, causes nearly 50% reduction in the levels of GFAP protein in brain.
Cho
Woosung
W
Waisman Center and Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Brenner
Michael
M
Peters
Noel
N
Messing
Albee
A
D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors
D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D000639:Amitriptyline; D008156:Luciferases; D002997:Clomipramine