Gemcitabine combined with gum mastic causes potent growth inhibition and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of gemcitabine combined with gum mastic and the underlying mechanisms in human pancreatic cancer cell lines.


METHODS
Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and propidium iodine staining, respectively. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, NF-kappaB p65 subunit, and IkappaBalpha protein was measured using Western blotting.


RESULTS
Gemcitabine 0.01-100 microg/mL inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in both pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 and COLO 357 cells. Gum mastic 40 microg/mL significantly potentiated the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of gemcitabine 10 microg/mL after 72-h treatment. When cells were treated with gemcitabine in combination with gum mastic, the IkappaBalpha level was increased, whereas NF-kappaB activation was blocked; the expression of Bax protein was substantially increased, but Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated.


CONCLUSIONS
Gemcitabine combined with gum mastic causes potent apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. The combination may be an effective therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
Huang
Xin-yu
XY
Department of Surgery, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China. huangxinyush@hotmail.com
Wang
Hong-cheng
HC
Yuan
Zhou
Z
Li
Ang
A
He
Mei-lan
ML
Ai
Kai-xing
KX
Zheng
Qi
Q
Qin
Huan-long
HL
D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D019254:Genes, bcl-2; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000069997:Mastic Resin; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D012116:Resins, Plant / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D000093542:Gemcitabine
D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; C494826:BAX protein, human; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D000069997:Mastic Resin; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012116:Resins, Plant; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine