In vitro assessment of chemical activation efficiency during in-office dental bleaching.
OBJECTIVE
This study compared five types of chemical catalyzing agents added to 35% hydrogen peroxide gel, with regard to their capacity of intensifying in-office dental bleaching results.


METHODS
One-hundred and twenty bovine incisors were used, of which the crowns and roots were cut in the incisor-apical direction, to acquire the dimensions of a human central incisor. The specimens were sectioned in the mesiodistal direction by means of two longitudinal cuts, the lingual halves being discarded. The vestibular halves received prophylaxis with a bicarbonate jet, ultrasound cleaning and acid etching on the dentinal portion. Next, the specimens were stored in receptacles containing a 25% instant coffee solution for two weeks. After the darkening period, initial measurement of the shade obtained was taken with the Easy Shade appliance, which allowed it to be quantified by the CIELab method. The samples were divided into six groups, corresponding to the chemical activator used: a) none (CON); b) ferric chloride (CF); c) ferrous sulphate (SF); d) manganese gluconate (GM); e) manganese chloride (CM); f) mulberry root extract (RA). Each group received three 10-minute applications of the gels containing the respective activating agents. Next, a new shade measurement was made.


RESULTS
The Analysis of Variance and Tukey tests (alpha = 5%) showed statistically significant differences for the shade perception values (p = 0.002). Groups GM, CM and RA showed significantly higher means than the control group.


CONCLUSIONS
The presence of some chemical activators is capable of resulting in a significant increase in tooth shade variation.
Restorative Dentistry Department, São José dos Campos School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, SP, Brazil.
Alessandro Caldas
AC
Travassos
Carlos
C
Rocha Gomes Torres
Alessandra Buhler
AB
Borges
Daphne Câmara
DC
Barcellos
D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D002417:Cattle; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D003069:Coffee; D003116:Color; D003777:Dental Prophylaxis; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D005942:Gluconates / Q000737:chemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D031625:Morus; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots; D011897:Random Allocation; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013997:Time Factors; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000628:therapy; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy
D002712:Chlorides; D003069:Coffee; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D005609:Free Radicals; D005942:Gluconates; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D016877:Oxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; C020748:ferrous sulfate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C025340:manganese chloride; C030691:gluconic acid; C024555:ferric chloride