Household-based sero-epidemiologic survey after a yellow fever epidemic, Sudan, 2005.
From September through early December 2005, an outbreak of yellow fever (YF) occurred in South Kordofan, Sudan, resulting in a mass YF vaccination campaign. In late December 2005, we conducted a serosurvey to assess YF vaccine coverage and to better define the epidemiology of the outbreak in an index village. Of 552 persons enrolled, 95% reported recent YF vaccination, and 25% reported febrile illness during the outbreak period: 13% reported YF-like illness, 4% reported severe YF-like illness, and 12% reported chikungunya-like illness. Of 87 persons who provided blood samples, all had positive YF serologic results, including three who had never been vaccinated. There was also serologic evidence of recent or prior chikungunya virus, dengue virus, West Nile virus, and Sindbis virus infections. These results indicate that YF virus and chikungunya virus contributed to the outbreak. The high prevalence of YF antibody among vaccinees indicates that vaccination was effectively implemented in this remotely located population.
Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA. efarnon@cdc.gov
Eileen C
EC
Farnon
L Hannah
LH
Gould
Kevin S
KS
Griffith
Magdi S
MS
Osman
Amgad El
AE
Kholy
Maria-Emanuela
ME
Brair
Amanda J
AJ
Panella
Olga
O
Kosoy
Janeen J
JJ
Laven
Marvin S
MS
Godsey
William
W
Perea
Edward B
EB
Hayes
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015004:Yellow Fever / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult