Assessment of interventricular and right-intraventricular dyssynchrony in patients with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot by two-dimensional speckle tracking.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to assess interventricular and right-intraventricular dyssynchrony in patients after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair by two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking and to identify factors associated with dyssynchrony.


RESULTS
Forty-two patients after TOF repair with a mean age of 19.8 years and 42 age-matched healthy controls were studied. Longitudinal myocardial deformation (strain) and time-to-peak intervals were assessed by 2D speckle tracking and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in an apical four-chamber view. Dyssynchrony was defined as delay above 3 standard deviations of mean values in the control group. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for evaluation of ventricular function. Using 2D speckle tracking, 22 patients (52%) showed interventricular dyssynchrony and 16 (38%) had right-intraventricular dyssynchrony. The interventricular delay correlated significantly with right ventricular (RV) strain (r = 0.687, P < 0.001), RV systolic pressure (r = 0.535, P = 0.001), QRS duration (r = 0.466, P = 0.002), RV end-diastolic (r = 0.377, P = 0.018), and RV end-systolic volumes (r = 0.452, P = 0.004) as well as RV ejection fraction (r = -0.378, P = 0.018). Similarly, the right-intraventricular delay correlated significantly with RV strain (r = 0.534, P < 0.001), QRS duration (r = 0.428, P = 0.005), RV end-systolic volume (r = 0.34, P = 0.038), and RV systolic pressure (r = 0.413, P = 0.015). In multivariate regression analysis, reduced RV strain and prolonged QRS duration remained the main determinant factors predicting dyssynchrony. Moreover, 2D speckle tracking and TDI showed a significant correlation in the assessment of the interventricular (r = 0.738, P < 0.001) and right-intraventricular delay (r = 0.747, P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Interventricular and right-intraventricular dyssynchrony are detectable in patients after TOF repair by 2D speckle tracking. Reduced RV myocardial deformation and QRS prolongation are the main factors associated with the observed dyssynchrony.
Mueller
Matthias
M
Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrberger Straße, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Rentzsch
Axel
A
Hoetzer
Kai
K
Raedle-Hurst
Tanja
T
Boettler
Petra
P
Stiller
Brigitte
B
Lemmer
Julia
J
Sarikouch
Samir
S
Beerbaum
Philipp
P
Peters
Brigitte
B
Vogt
Manfred
M
Vogel
Michael
M
Abdul-Khaliq
Hashim
H
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*