Coming home: health status and homelessness risk of older pre-release prisoners.
BACKGROUND
Older adults comprise an increasing proportion of the prison and homeless populations. While older age is associated with adverse post-release health events and incarceration is a risk factor for homelessness, the health status and homelessness risk of older pre-release prisoners are unknown. Moreover, most post-release services are geared towards veterans; it is unknown whether the needs of non-veterans differ from those of veterans.


OBJECTIVE
To assess health status and risk of homelessness of older pre-release prisoners, and to compare veterans with non-veterans.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study of 360 prisoners (≥ 55 years of age) within 2 years of release from prison using data from the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities.


METHODS
Veteran status, health status (based on self-report), and risk of homelessness (homelessness before arrest).


RESULTS
Mean age was 61 years; 93.8% were men and 56.5% were white. Nearly 40% were veterans, of whom 77.2% reported likely VA service eligibility. Veterans were more likely to be white and to have obtained a high school diploma or GED. Overall, 79.1% reported a medical condition and 13.6% reported a serious mental illness. There was little difference in health status between veterans and non-veterans. Although 1 in 12 prisoners reported a risk factor for homelessness, the risk factors did not differ according to veteran status.


CONCLUSIONS
Older pre-release prisoners had a high burden of medical and mental illness and were at risk for post-release homelessness regardless of veteran status. Reentry programs linking pre-release older prisoners to medical and psychiatric services and to homelessness prevention programs are needed for both veterans and non-veterans.
Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. brie.williams@ucsf.edu
Brie A
BA
Williams
James
J
McGuire
Rebecca G
RG
Lindsay
Jacques
J
Baillargeon
Irena Stijacic
IS
Cenzer
Sei J
SJ
Lee
Margot
M
Kushel
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*