Male gender as a risk factor for complications in uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the role of baseline factors in long-term development of ocular complications in uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).


METHODS
Retrospective nonrandomized interventional case series.


METHODS
Data of 117 affected eyes (65 patients) with JIA-associated uveitis with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were obtained. Development of complications was analyzed univariately and multivariately in relation to gender, age of onset of uveitis (<7 years or >7 years), and initial manifestation of JIA (as uveitis or as arthritis).


RESULTS
Female-to-male ratio was 3:1 and follow-up for uveitis ranged from 1.1 to 27.5 years (median 7.6 years). Time interval between arthritis and uveitis was shorter in boys (median 0.3 year) than in girls (median 1.0 year) (P < .01). At 5 years of follow-up boys suffered more frequently from cystoid macular edema (CME) (50% vs 4%; P < .01) and papillitis (31% vs 2%; P < .01), and needed more cataract surgery (59% vs 32%; P = .02). At 5 years of follow-up children with initial uveitis had more posterior synechiae, band keratopathy, and CME (all P <or= .02), but less glaucoma (P = .03). In multivariate analysis male gender appeared to be independently associated with cataract surgery (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 4.33; P < .01), CME (HR = 4.59; P = .01), and papillitis (HR = 4.10; P = .01). Development of posterior synechiae was independently associated with initial uveitis (HR = 3.21; P < .01).


CONCLUSIONS
Male gender and uveitis as initial manifestation of JIA were independently associated with a complicated course of JIA-associated uveitis. Age of onset of JIA-associated uveitis does not seem to have independent prognostic value for the course of this ocular disorder.
Kalinina Ayuso
Viera
V
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. v.kalininaayuso@umcutrecht.nl
Ten Cate
Hermine Adriana Theodore
HA
van der Does
Patricia
P
Rothova
Aniki
A
de Boer
Joke Helena
JH
D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000209:etiology*; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007499:Iris Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013285:Strabismus / Q000209:etiology*; D014606:Uveitis, Anterior / Q000209:etiology*