Lipid-activated nuclear receptors and sepsis.
It is now clear that several members of the nuclear receptor superfamily are co-expressed by macrophages, lymphocytes and other cell types that are involved in the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and nuclear liver X receptors (LXR) are members of this family known to be activated by lipid derived endogenous ligands (such as fatty acids, eicosanoids and cholesterol) and pharmacological ones. Here we review the biology of these nuclear receptors and highlight recent work that show that their activation can ameliorate inflammatory conditions, especially due to their effect on macrophage functions. The data discussed herein show the potential beneficial effect of targeting these nuclear receptors in order to improve the outcome of septic patients.
de Lima-Salgado
Thais Martins
TM
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, CEP 05508-900, SP, Brazil. thais@emercli.fm.usp.br
Cruz
Luiz Monteiro
LM
Souza
Heraldo Possolo
HP
D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000276:immunology*; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors