Apoptosis induction after herpes simplex virus infection differs according to cell type in vivo.
We compared apoptosis induction in mice following three routes of infection. After intravenous infection, wild-type herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 and US3Delta mutants infected the adrenal gland and caused apoptosis. Corneal infection with wild-type virus resulted in apoptosis in a fraction of infected epithelium cells. Interestingly, many uninfected cells were apoptotic in the retina. Although neurons in the trigeminal ganglion were heavily infected, no apoptotic neurons were observed. Intracranial infection with wild-type virus resulted in HSV-infected cells inside the brain; however, most of the infected neurons escaped apoptosis. In contrast, infection with US3Delta and gamma(1)34.5Delta mutants caused apoptosis in infected neurons. Cleaved caspase-8 and p53 were detected in apoptotic cells in the adrenal gland and the brain; however, phospho-JNK was detected only in apoptotic cells of the brain. These results suggest that the activation of apoptotic signaling proteins differs depending on the host cell type and modulates the induction of apoptosis in HSV-infected cells.
Esaki
Shinichi
S
Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
Goshima
Fumi
F
Katsumi
Sachiyo
S
Watanabe
Daisuke
D
Ozaki
Noriyuki
N
Murakami
Shingo
S
Nishiyama
Yukihiro
Y
D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D003315:Cornea / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009154:Mutation; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms