Reduction mammaplasty using bipedicled dermoglandular flaps and free-nipple transplantation.
BACKGROUND
Secondary revisions due to deflation, flattening, and ptosis have been the major concerns after free-nipple breast reduction procedures. This study used a new modification of the standard technique known as the "bipedicled dermoglandular flap method" to reduce reoperation rates.


METHODS
A total of 24 patients were treated with the bipedicled dermoglandular free-nipple method between the years 2004 and 2008. The mean patient age was 45.6 years, and the average body mass index (BMI) was calculated as 27.8 kg/m². In contrast to the standard technique, the superior dermoglandular flap was fixed as backfolded, whereas the inferior flap was fixed directly to the pectoralis fascia together with the superior flap with polydiaxanone sutures. An average breast tissue volume of 1,736 g was removed.


RESULTS
One case of seroma and one case of partial nipple graft loss (8%) were observed in the follow-up period. The patients were followed for an average of 32.4 months. Complications such as deflation, flattening, and Regnault's mild (1st degree), moderate (2nd degree), and severe (3rd degree) ptosis were not observed. However minimal glandular ptosis was observed in four cases (16.6%). Central peripheral minimal hypopigmentation was observed in five cases. None of these complications required reoperation.


CONCLUSIONS
Bipedicled dermaglandular flap modification of conventional free-nipple reduction mammaplasty is a new option for reducing the probable complications of the standard technique.
Güven
Erdem
E
Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul University, Turkey.
Aydin
Hülya
H
Başaran
Karaca
K
Aydin
Utkan
U
Kuvat
Samet Vasfi
SV
D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000601:surgery*; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult