Plasma procalcitonin is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome.
BACKGROUND
Procalcitonin, a well-known biomarker of sepsis and bacterial infections, is produced by adipose tissue and has potential as a marker for chronic low-grade inflammation.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to investigate whether plasma procalcitonin levels in the normal range are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome (MS) in the general population.


METHODS
Plasma procalcitonin (0.006-0.1 ng/ml) was measured in 3197 men and 3638 women (aged 28-75 yr) of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study using an ultrasensitive immunoluminometric assay. MS was defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.


RESULTS
Median (interquartile range) plasma procalcitonin was 0.018 (0.015-0.022) ng/ml in men and 0.014 (0.012-0.017) ng/ml in women (P < 0.001). Plasma procalcitonin was positively associated with body mass index and waist circumference. In both sexes, cross-sectional associations of plasma procalcitonin with insulin resistance and components of the MS remained significant after adjustment for age, body mass index, waist circumference, and other covariates. The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for MS was 3.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.5-4.2) in men and 4.1 (95% CI = 3.0-5.5) in women, when comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of plasma procalcitonin. The multivariate-adjusted OR for MS was 1.9 (95% CI = 1.4-2.6) in men and 2.3 (95% CI = 1.6-3.3) in women. The multivariate-adjusted OR for insulin resistance was 3.3 (95% CI = 2.4-4.3) in men and 2.5 (95% CI = 1.9-3.4) in women.


CONCLUSIONS
Elevated plasma procalcitonin levels in the normal range are associated with measures of obesity, insulin resistance, and MS in the general population.
Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands. a.abbasi@epi.umcg.nl
Ali
A
Abbasi
Eva
E
Corpeleijn
Douwe
D
Postmus
Ron T
RT
Gansevoort
Paul E
PE
de Jong
Rijk O B
RO
Gans
Joachim
J
Struck
Hans L
HL
Hillege
Ronald P
RP
Stolk
Gerjan
G
Navis
Stephan J L
SJ
Bakker
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
D015415:Biomarkers; C000606589:CALCA protein, human; D011498:Protein Precursors; D002116:Calcitonin; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide