The pharmacotherapy of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: a cross-sectional study in 18 homes for the elderly in Berlin.
BACKGROUND
The neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia, including aggressiveness, agitation, depression, and apathy are often treated with psychotropic drugs and are a frequent reason for hospitalization, placing an economic burden on the health care system. International guidelines recommend syndrome-specific pharmacotherapy. We studied the question whether drug-prescribing practices are, in fact, syndrome-specific.


METHODS
In a cross-sectional study in 18 homes for the elderly in Berlin, we used syndrome-specific scales to determine the prevalence of apathy, depression, and aggressiveness and the quantity of psychotropic drugs prescribed, in defined daily dosages (DDD), among 304 demented inhabitants. The diagnosis of dementia was ascertained by chart review and confirmed by administration of a mini mental status test.


RESULTS
More than 90% of the demented patients had neuropsychiatric symptoms, most commonly apathy (78%). 52% were treated with neuroleptic drugs, 30% with antidepressants and 17% with anti-dementia agents. There was no significant difference between the frequency of neuroleptic treatment given to apathetic and depressed patients and that given to aggressive patients (chi(2) = 7.03; p = 0.32).


CONCLUSIONS
Although our sample of patients was not representative, these findings suggest that neuropsychiatric symptoms in demented patients are not being treated in syndrome-specific fashion. This is troubling, because neuroleptic medications administered to demented patients can have serious adverse effects, including an elevated mortality. The German guidelines for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disturbances were recently published; the findings presented here suggest that their implementation would be advantageous.
Majic
Tomislav
T
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
Pluta
Jan-Paul
JP
Mell
Thomas
T
Aichberger
Marion C
MC
Treusch
Yvonne
Y
Gutzmann
Hans
H
Heinz
Andreas
A
Rapp
Michael A
MA
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055656:Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D011619:Psychotropic Drugs