Role of parental risk factors in the aetiology of isolated non-syndromic metopic craniosynostosis.
To try and identify potential parental risk factors for isolated non-syndromic metopic craniosynostosis, we did a telephone survey of parents of children who attended the craniofacial centre at Birmingham Children's Hospital (BCH), UK, from 1995 to 2004. We calculated the prevalence of a number of potential risk factors and compared them with those of the general population. A total of 103 children with syndromic or non-syndromic isolated metopic craniosynostosis were seen, of which 81 (79%) had non-syndromic, isolated metopic craniosynostosis (M:F ratio 3:1). The response rate to the telephone survey was 72%. The prevalences of maternal epilepsy and the use of valproate, antenatal maternal complications (hypertension or pre-eclampsia, haemorrhage, and urinary tract infection), and fertility treatment in our sample were significantly higher than among the general population (p=0.01 or less in all cases). The likely roles of maternal epilepsy and taking valproate in the aetiology of isolated non-syndromic metopic craniosynostosis are further consolidated by our study. The finding that antenatal complications are possible risk factors for craniosynostosis has not to our knowledge been published previously.
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary, LS1 3EX, Leeds, UK.
Rabindra Pratap
RP
Singh
Daljit
D
Dhariwal
Nabina
N
Bhujel
Zarina
Z
Shaikh
Paul
P
Davies
Hiroshi
H
Nishikawa
Guirish
G
Solanki
M S
MS
Dover
D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000209:etiology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D014635:Valproic Acid