Hypoxia inducible factor-1 mediates expression of galectin-1: the potential role in migration/invasion of colorectal cancer cells.
The expression of galectin-1, one of the most important lectins participating in the malignant tumor development, has been shown to be regulated by hypoxia, but its exact mechanism remains elusive. Here, we find that ectopically expressed hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1alpha protein, an oxygen-sensitive subunit of HIF-1 that is a master factor for cellular response to hypoxia, significantly increases galectin-1 expression in both messenger RNA and protein levels in all four colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines tested. However, hypoxia-induced galectin-1 expression cannot be seen in sentrin/SUMO-specific protease 1 homozygous-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts that fail to accumulate HIF-1alpha protein. Furthermore, silence of HIF-1alpha or HIF-1beta expression by specific short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) antagonizes hypoxia-induced galectin-1 expression. All these results propose that galectin-1 is a direct target of transcriptional factor HIF-1. Applying luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identify that two hypoxia-responsive elements located at -441 to -423 bp upstream to transcriptional start site of galectin-1 gene are essential for HIF-1-mediated galectin-1 expression. Finally, the knockdown of galectin-1 by its specific shRNA can significantly reduce hypoxia-induced invasion and migration of CRC cell line, and the ectopic expression of galectin-1 can remarkably restore invasion and migration abilities of HIF-1alpha-knocked SW620 cells, proposing that galectin-1 mediates the HIF-1-induced migration and invasion of CRC cells during hypoxia. Taken together, our results shed new light for understanding mechanism for hypoxia/HIF-1-mediated migration/invasion of CRC cells.
Zhao
Xu-Yun
XY
Department of Pathophysiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, China.
Chen
Ting-Ting
TT
Xia
Li
L
Guo
Meng
M
Xu
Ying
Y
Yue
Fei
F
Jiang
Yi
Y
Chen
Guo-Qiang
GQ
Zhao
Ke-Wen
KW
D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D017931:DNA Primers; D037483:Galectin 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010957:Plasmids; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection
D017931:DNA Primers; D037483:Galectin 1; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D008156:Luciferases