Adaptive changes in pancreatic beta cell fractional area and beta cell turnover in human pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to establish the extent and basis for adaptive changes in beta cell numbers in human pregnancy.


METHODS
Pancreas was obtained at autopsy from women who had died while pregnant (n = 18), post-partum (n = 6) or were not pregnant at or shortly before death (controls; n = 20). Pancreases were evaluated for fractional pancreatic beta cell area, islet size and islet fraction of beta cells, beta cell replication (Ki67) and apoptosis (TUNEL), and indirect markers of beta cell neogenesis (insulin-positive cells in ducts and scattered beta cells in pancreas).


RESULTS
The pancreatic fractional beta cell area was increased by approximately 1.4-fold in human pregnancy, with no change in mean beta cell size. In pregnancy there were more small islets rather than an increase in islet size or beta cells per islet. No increase in beta cell replication or change in beta cell apoptosis was detected, but duct cells positive for insulin and scattered beta cells were increased with pregnancy.


CONCLUSIONS
The adaptive increase in beta cell numbers in human pregnancy is not as great as in most reports in rodents. This increase in humans is achieved by increased numbers of beta cells in apparently new small islets, rather than duplication of beta cells in existing islets, which is characteristic of pregnancy in rodents.
Butler
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AE
Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 900 Veteran Ave, 24-130 Warren Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7073, USA.
Cao-Minh
L
L
Galasso
R
R
Rizza
R A
RA
Corradin
A
A
Cobelli
C
C
Butler
P C
PC
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D002452:Cell Count; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048429:Cell Size; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy
D007328:Insulin