Selective inhibition of ADAM12 catalytic activity through engineering of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2).
The disintegrin and metalloprotease ADAM12 has important functions in normal physiology as well as in diseases, such as cancer. Little is known about how ADAM12 confers its pro-tumorigenic effect; however, its proteolytic capacity is probably a key component. Thus selective inhibition of ADAM12 activity may be of great value therapeutically and as an investigative tool to elucidate its mechanisms of action. We have previously reported the inhibitory profile of TIMPs (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases) against ADAM12, demonstrating in addition to TIMP-3, a unique ADAM-inhibitory activity of TIMP-2. These findings strongly suggest that it is feasible to design a TIMP mutant selectively inhibiting ADAM12. With this purpose, we characterized the molecular determinants of the ADAM12-TIMP complex formation as compared with known molecular requirements for TIMP-mediated inhibition of ADAM17/TACE (tumour necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme). Kinetic analysis using a fluorescent peptide substrate demonstrated that the molecular interactions of N-TIMPs (N-terminal domains of TIMPs) with ADAM12 and TACE are for the most part comparable, yet revealed strikingly unique features of TIMP-mediated ADAM12 inhibition. Intriguingly, we found that removal of the AB-loop in N-TIMP-2, which is known to impair its interaction with TACE, resulted in increased affinity to ADAM12. Importantly, using a cell-based epidermal growth factor-shedding assay, we demonstrated for the first time an inhibitory activity of TIMPs against the transmembrane ADAM12-L (full-length ADAM12), verifying the distinctive inhibitory abilities of N-TIMP-2 and engineered N-TIMP-2 mutants in a cellular environment. Taken together, our findings support the idea that a distinctive ADAM12 inhibitor with future therapeutic potential can be designed.
Kveiborg
Marie
M
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jacobsen
Jonas
J
Lee
Meng-Huee
MH
Nagase
Hideaki
H
Wewer
Ulla M
UM
Murphy
Gillian
G
D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000072199:ADAM12 Protein; D002384:Catalysis; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D011485:Protein Binding; D015202:Protein Engineering; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000378:metabolism
C587883:HBEGF protein, human; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000072199:ADAM12 Protein; C000606480:ADAM12 protein, human