[Diagnostic and therapeutic approach in patients with urinary calculi].
The natural history of urolithiasis includes the risk of recurrence and of the development of chronic kidney and/or bone disease, which is why a thorough clinical and metabolic evaluation of these patients is of the utmost importance at disease onset. This paper is aimed at identifying the type of urolithiasis, the related risk factors, and the corresponding treatment options. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach described here includes 1) accurate history taking to detect secondary nephrolithiasis and screen for the main risk factors for kidney and bone disease; 2) metabolic evaluation graded according to different complexity levels based on the severity of the disease and the presence of risk factors; 3) carrying out appropriate imaging procedures. The resulting information allows to plan treatment based either on general rules of lifestyle and diet, or on selected medical intervention, if necessary. This report, which is based on current guidelines, was produced by the Gruppo Italiano di Studio Multidisciplinare per la Calcolosi Renale. It is addressed to all professionals involved in the management of patients suffering from nephrolithiasis, first of all general practitioners, who often become involved immediately at the onset of the disease.
Medico di Medicina Generale ASL 10, Firenze, Specialista in Nefrologia e Professore A.C. Università degli Studi, Firenze.
Emanuele
E
Croppi
Adamasco
A
Cupisti
Marco
M
Lombardi
Martino
M
Marangella
Roberto
R
Sanseverino
Francesco
F
Carrano
Emanuele
E
Croppi
Adamasco
A
Cupisti
Alessandro
A
D'Addessi
Francesco Maria
FM
Drudi
Giovanni
G
Gambaro
Marco
M
Lombardi
Salvatore
S
Micali
Pier Giorgio
PG
Simeoni
Andrea
A
Tasca
Maurizio
M
Terribile
Filiberto
F
Zattoni
Bruno
B
Baggio
Giampaolo
G
Bianchi
Renata
R
Caudarella
Elisa
E
Cicerello
Sergio
S
Cosciani-Cunico
Anna Rita
AR
D'angelo
Martino
M
Marangella
Giuseppe
G
Mossetti
Giovanni
G
Muto
Antonio
A
Novenne
Maurizio
M
Prampolini
Roberto
R
Sanseverino
Pasquale
P
Strazzullo
Alberto
A
Trinchieri
Giuseppe
G
Vezzoli
D006801:Humans; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*