Vaccination response to protein and carbohydrate antigens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis after rituximab treatment.
BACKGROUND
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is frequently complicated with infections. The aim of our study was to evaluate vaccination response in patients with RA after B-cell depletion by using rituximab.


METHODS
Influenza (Afluria) and pneumococcal polysaccharides (Pneumo23) vaccines were given 6 months after rituximab (post-RTX group, n=11) or 6 days before rituximab treatment (pre-RTX group; n=8). RA patients never exposed to RTX composed the control group (n=10). Vaccine-specific cellular responses were evaluated on day 6 after vaccination, and vaccine-specific humoral responses, on day 21.


RESULTS
On day 6 after vaccination, formation of influenza-specific B cells was lower in post-RTX group as compared with the pre-RTX group and controls (P=0.04). Polysaccharide-specific B cells were found in 27% to 50%, being equally distributed between the groups. On day 21, the impairment of humoral responses was more pronounced with respect to influenza as compared with the pneumococcal vaccine and affected both IgG and light-chain production. Total absence of influenza-specific IgG production was observed in 55% of the post-RTX group.


CONCLUSIONS
RTX compromises cellular and humoral vaccine responses in RA patients. However, repeated RTX treatment or previous anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment did not accentuate these defects.
Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, and Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Guldhedsgatan 10A, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden. maria.rehnberg@rheuma.gu.se
Maria
M
Rehnberg
Mikael
M
Brisslert
Sylvie
S
Amu
Kiandoht
K
Zendjanchi
Gunilla
G
Håwi
Maria I
MI
Bokarewa
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000187:drug effects; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000235:genetics; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069283:Rituximab; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000941:Antigens; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069283:Rituximab