Effects of weight-related literal and metaphorical suggestions about the forearms during hypnosis.
During hypnosis, the authors tested repeated weight-related, literal and metaphorical suggestions about the heaviness of the subjects' arms. The purpose was to determine if linguistically varied hypnotic suggestions produced significantly different motor reactions--involuntary pressure forces of the forearms--as assessed by a linguistic biomechanical system. Classic, literal (L) suggestions such as "your right arm is heavy" were used, as well as metaphorical (M) suggestions, such as "your right arm is made of lead." A specific effect on the progressive increase of pressure forces only in the temporal sequence L-M for each forearm (literal suggestions followed by metaphorical suggestions) was found. This effect, termed crescendo image metaphor effect, conceptualized within context-limited simulation theory, explains the findings.
Laboratoire de psychopathologie et de neuropsychologie (EA 2027), University of Paris 8, Saint-Denis, Cedex, France. asantarpia@yahoo.it
Alfonso
A
Santarpia
Alain
A
Blanchet
Giuseppe
G
Mininni
Frank
F
Andrasik
Fabrice
F
Kwiatkowski
Jean François
JF
Lambert
D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D008037:Linguistics; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011312:Pressure; D013404:Suggestion; D055815:Young Adult