Proportion of refractive errors in a Polish immigrant population in Chicago.
OBJECTIVE
This retrospective record review was conducted to investigate the proportion of patients with refractive error in a Polish immigrant population residing in an urban environment. Illinois has more than 1 million people of Polish descent as citizens, and Chicago is considered to have the second largest population of Polish descent in the world, outside of Warsaw, Poland.


METHODS
Six hundred seventy-five records (271 men/404 women) of Polish immigrants were reviewed from a practice with >92% Polish immigrants in the patient base. The patients ranged in age from 3 to 94 years. Refractive status for each eye, and the existence of any strabismus or amblyopia, was recorded.


RESULTS
The proportion of myopia [spherical equivalent at least -0.75 diopter (D)] was found to be 35.1%, whereas the proportion of hyperopia (spherical equivalent > or =+0.75 D) was found to be 38.4%. Fifteen percent of the patients exhibited astigmatism > or =1.00 D. Amblyopia was present in 9% of the patients, whereas the prevalence of strabismus was found to be 3%, with 76% of the strabismics exhibiting esotropia. In the 0- to 18-year age range and the 19- to 45-year age range, the most common refractive error was low myopia (43.9 and 36.9%), whereas in the patients >45 years of age, it was low hyperopia (31.2%).


CONCLUSIONS
Refractive error data are presented for a population base that has not been previously reported, although Polish Americans comprise 3% of the US population. Myopia is more common in young Polish patients than in the general US population. The strong hyperopic shift in older patients may either be normal aging or the product of increased near work in the young. The high rates of amblyopia call for more aggressive education and treatment.
Illinois College of Optometry, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA. callison@ico.edu
Christine L
CL
Allison
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D013285:Strabismus / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult