A 17beta-estradiol-utilizing bacterium, Sphingomonas strain KC8: part I - characterization and abundance in wastewater treatment plants.
A 17beta-estradiol-utilizing bacterium, Sphingomonas strain KC8, was characterized in terms of its utilization kinetics toward 17beta-estradiol, estrone, and testosterone. The maximum specific substrate utilization rates (q(m)) are 0.37, 0.50, and 0.17 mg-substrate/mg-protein/day for 17beta-estradiol, estrone, and testosterone, respectively. The half-velocity constants (K(s)) are 1.9 mg/L for 17beta-estradiol, 2.7 mg/L for estrone, and 2.4 mg/L for testosterone. Strain KC8 can grow on testosterone, glucose, sodium succinate, and sodium acetate, but not on phenol. Also, strain KC8 cannot degrade two common wastewater micropollutants, bisphenol A (a plasticizer) and triclosan (an antimicrobial agent). Unlike Novosphingobium sp. ARI-1 (a known estrogen-degrader) that would lose its degradation ability toward estrone after growing on a nutrient-rich estrogen-free medium for 7 days, strain KC8 was still able to degrade both 17beta-estradiol and estrone after growing on the same medium for 15 days. Strains KC8 and ARI-1 were molecularly detected in activated sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operating under solid retention times of 2-30 days. The concentrations of strain KC8 were 2-3 orders higher than those of strain ARI-1 in the WWTPs, suggesting that strain KC8 is ubiquitous in WWTPs and might play an important role in estrogen removal.
Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843-3136, USA.
Hyungkeun
H
Roh
Kung-Hui
KH
Chu
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002947:Cities; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D019346:Sodium Acetate / Q000737:chemistry; D020578:Sphingomonas / Q000378:metabolism*; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D013739:Testosterone / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D014260:Triclosan / Q000032:analysis; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004958:Estradiol; D004967:Estrogens; D005947:Glucose; D019800:Phenol; D010636:Phenols; D019346:Sodium Acetate; D019802:Succinic Acid; D013739:Testosterone; D014260:Triclosan; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds