Essential role of vitamin C and zinc in child immunity and health.
With the progressive elimination of dietary protein-energy deficits, deficiencies of micronutrients are emerging as the limiting factors in ensuring children's optimal health. Data from several countries in Asia and Latin America indicate that deficiencies of vitamin C and zinc continue to be at alarming levels. This article reviews the roles of vitamin C and zinc in supporting children's growth and development, with a particular focus on the complementary roles they play in supporting immune functions and combating infections. The contemporary relevance of vitamin C and zinc deficiency in the Asian and Latin American regions, both undergoing a rapid nutritional transition, are also discussed. Overall, there is increasing evidence that deficiency of vitamin C and zinc adversely affects the physical and mental growth of children and can impair their immune defences. Nutrition should be the main vehicle for providing these essential nutrients; however, supplementation can represent a valid support method, especially in developing regions.
Bayer Consumer Care Ltd, Basel, Switzerland. silvia.maggini.sm@bayer.ch
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Maggini
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Wenzlaff
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Hornig
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001208:Asia; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000494:pharmacology; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000975:Antioxidants; D014131:Trace Elements; D015032:Zinc; D001205:Ascorbic Acid