[Cellular signal transduction pathways in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure].
Cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure are characterized by significant changes of expression and function of many proteins. These changes are responsible for arrhythmias and haemodynamic disturbances. They are initiated by increased cardiac load, detected by cellular mechanoreceptors, and by activation of sarcolemmal chemoreceptors in myocytes and fibroblasts. In the present paper the authors describe the structure and function of molecular cellular pathways for transmission of the information generated by receptors to the nucleus, where it modifies the expression of genes coding for cellular proteins. The authors describe in detail: structure and function of Z-discs and integrins working as mechanoreceptors, calcineurin/NFAT pathways, MAP kinases pathways, pathway activated by AT1 receptors: protein kinase C pathways, AKT/mTHOR kinase pathway and EGRF/ERK1,2 pathway. Functional relationships between pathways mentioned and the results of studies analysing their role in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure are also presented.
Lewartowski
Bohdan
B
Zakład Fizjologii Klinicznej, Centrum Medyczne Kształcenia Podyplomowego, Warszawa. blew@cmkp.edu.pl
Mackiewicz
Urszula
U
D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000378:metabolism*; D054974:Costameres / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000378:metabolism; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D016023:Integrins; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D019703:Calcineurin