Th 17 cells interplay with Foxp3+ Tregs in regulation of inflammation and autoimmunity.
T helper 17 cells (Th17) are a new CD4+ T helper subset that has been implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Th17, along with CD4(+)CD25(high) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and other new T helper subsets, have expanded the Th1-Th2 paradigm. Although this new eight-subset paradigm significantly improved our understanding on the differentiation and regulation of CD4+ T helper subsets, many questions remain to be answered. Here we will briefly review the following issues: a) Old Th1-Th2 paradigm versus new multi-subset paradigm; b) Structural features of IL-17 family cytokines; c) Th17 cells; d) Effects of IL-17 on various cell types and tissues; e) IL-17 receptor and signaling pathways; f) Th17-mediated inflammations; and g) Protective mechanisms of IL-17 in infections. Lastly, we will examine the interactions of Th17 and Treg in autoimmune diseases and inflammation: Th17 cells interplay with Tregs. Regulation of autoimmunity and inflammation lies in the interplays of the different T helper subsets, therefore, better understanding of these subsets' interactions would greatly improve our approaches in developing therapy to combat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Mai
Jietang
J
Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Wang
Hong
H
Yang
Xiao-Feng
XF
D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D020381:Interleukin-17