Population genetics as a tool to select tsetse control strategies: suppression or eradication of Glossina palpalis gambiensis in the Niayes of Senegal.
BACKGROUND
The Government of Senegal has initiated the "Projet de lutte contre les glossines dans les Niayes" to remove the trypanosomosis problem from this area in a sustainable way. Due to past failures to sustainably eradicate Glossina palpalis gambiensis from the Niayes area, controversies remain as to the best strategy implement, i.e. "eradication" versus "suppression." To inform this debate, we used population genetics to measure genetic differentiation between G. palpalis gambiensis from the Niayes and those from the southern tsetse belt (Missira).


RESULTS
Three different markers (microsatellite DNA, mitochondrial CO1 DNA, and geometric morphometrics of the wings) were used on 153 individuals and revealed that the G. p. gambiensis populations of the Niayes were genetically isolated from the nearest proximate known population of Missira. The genetic differentiation measured between these two areas (theta = 0.12 using microsatellites) was equivalent to a between-taxa differentiation. We also demonstrated that within the Niayes, the population from Dakar - Hann was isolated from the others and had probably experienced a bottleneck.


CONCLUSIONS
The information presented in this paper leads to the recommendation that an eradication strategy for the Niayes populations is advisable. This kind of study may be repeated in other habitats and for other tsetse species to (i) help decision on appropriate tsetse control strategies and (ii) find other possible discontinuities in tsetse distribution.
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)/Centre International de Recherche pour l'Elevage en zones Subhumides (CIRDES), UMR 177 IRD-Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), CIRDES 01 BP 454, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. solano@ird.bf
Philippe
P
Solano
Dramane
D
Kaba
Sophie
S
Ravel
Naomi A
NA
Dyer
Baba
B
Sall
Marc J B
MJ
Vreysen
Momar T
MT
Seck
Heather
H
Darbyshir
Laetitia
L
Gardes
Martin J
MJ
Donnelly
Thierry
T
De Meeûs
Jérémy
J
Bouyer
D000818:Animals; D001699:Biometry; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004199:Disease Vectors; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012675:Senegal; D014370:Tsetse Flies / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology
D019476:Insect Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV