Effect on dental stain occurrence by chewing gum containing sodium tripolyphosphate--a double-blind six-week trial.
OBJECTIVE
A six-week controlled double-blind clinical study was conducted to assess and to measure the efficacy of a sugar-free chewing gum containing sodium tripolyphosphate (1%) on dental stain occurrence versus a placebo sugar-free chewing gum.


METHODS
One-hundred and eleven subjects who had a Lobene Modified Index for stain extent score between 0.33 and 1.5 in their frontal teeth joined this study. Each subject entered in the test or the control group using a random table which allowed for an equal distribution of smokers and habitual tea users. Participants agreed to chew two gums (two grams each) three times per day, after meals, for ten minutes over six weeks. All received the same dentifrice containing only fluoride as the active agent. After six weeks, participants were scored for dental stain with the Lobene Modified Index. Data were scored by the same blinded operator for all measurements. Comparisons between the groups with respect to baseline scores were performed using an unpaired t-test, and inside the groups with a paired t-test (alpha = 0.05).


RESULTS
One-hundred and eight subjects completed the trial; three left, but none reported problems linked to sodium tripolyphosphate. The mean difference for stain extent index after the six-week trial was 0.04 (+/- 0.08) in the control group, and -0.05 (+/- 0.08) in the test group (p < 0.001). A statistically significant reduction was also reported for intensity and composite indexes. The initial mean for stain extent index in the test group was 0.8 (+/- 0.34), and at six weeks was 0.74 (+/- 0.33; p < 0.001). The initial mean for extent index in the control group was 0.78 (+/- 0.3), and at six weeks was 0.81 (+/- 0.32; p < 0.005).


CONCLUSIONS
This trial showed a reduction in dental stain by a chewing gum containing sodium tripolyphosphate after six weeks.
Porciani
Pier Francesco
PF
University of Siena Dental School, Siena, Italy. piercateadsl@libero.it
Perra
Caterina
C
Grandini
Simone
S
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002638:Chewing Gum; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012907:Smoking; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013662:Tea; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000145:classification / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
D002638:Chewing Gum; D010919:Placebos; D011122:Polyphosphates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013662:Tea; C005692:triphosphoric acid