Enhanced algorithm for glucose estimation using the continuous glucose monitoring system.
BACKGROUND
The CGMS Gold continuous glucose monitor presents a problem of lack of accuracy, especially in the lower range, sometimes leading to missed or false alarms. The new algorithm aims to improve the measurement accuracy and hypoglycemia detection.


METHODS
Twenty-one patients with type 1 diabetes were monitored for 3 days (1 day at the hospital and 2 at home) using the CGMS Gold. For these patients, blood glucose samples were taken every 15 minutes for 2 hours after meals and every half hour otherwise during the first day. A new calibration algorithm was developed and implemented using CGMS Gold intensity readings and capillary glucose.


RESULTS
After 1 day, a comparison of results from either the CGMS Gold algorithm and the proposed algorithm, compared with results from blood (2450 points), showed an increase of data in zone A with the proposed algorithm (4.4% in the Clarke error grid analysis (EGA) and 5.0% in the Consensus EGA). After comparing for 3 days, a reduction of 24.7%, p<0.05, in the overall median relative absolute difference (RAD) was also obtained. In the hypoglycemic range, a significant decrease in median RAD was observed (64.4%, p<0.05). Furthermore, the undetected hypoglycemia events in capillary samples by the proposed algorithm were reduced by 59.8% compared to the CGMS Gold algorithm.


CONCLUSIONS
The performance as measured with clinical and numerical accuracy criteria illustrates the improved accuracy of the proposed algorithm in comparison with the CGMS Gold algorithm. A significant improvement in hypoglycemia detection was observed.
Leal
Yenny
Y
Institute of Informatics and Applications, University of Girona, Girona, Spain. yennyteresa.leal@udg.edu
Garcia-Gabin
Winston
W
Bondia
Jorge
J
Esteve
Eduardo
E
Ricart
Wifredo
W
Fernández-Real
Jose-Manuel
JM
Vehí
Josep
J
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002138:Calibration; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
D005947:Glucose