Neoadjuvant and adjuvant imatinib treatment in gastrointestinal stromal tumor: current status and recent developments.
OBJECTIVE
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract and is a paradigm of targeted therapy for solid tumors. Elucidation of the biology of GIST enabled use of imatinib, which revolutionized the prognosis of advanced GIST. Whereas surgical resection continues to be the standard of care for primary GIST, judicious and individualized use of adjuvant and neoadjuvant imatinib may enhance the potential for cure in select patients.


RESULTS
Prospective trials utilizing adjuvant and neoadjuvant imatinib have established the safety and efficacy of these modalities adjunct to surgical resection. Correlative tissue studies derived from these trials have examined gene expression patterns, metabolic and radiographic response, and apoptosis during the first few days of imatinib therapy. As appropriate use of adjuvant and neoadjuvant imatinib requires proper patient selection, development of a predictive nomogram, and advances in mutational analysis represent progress toward individualized care.


CONCLUSIONS
Imatinib is well tolerated and beneficial as adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy, but its utility in these settings continues to be refined. The greatest benefit will derive from an individualized approach that considers multiple patient, drug, and tumor characteristics to assess risk and likelihood of benefit for each patient.
Reynoso
David
D
Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Trent
Jonathan C
JC
D001549:Benzamides; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001549:Benzamides; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate