Phylogeny and resistance profiles of HIV-1 POL sequences from rectal biopsies and blood.
The phylogeny and resistance profiles of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) sequences were compared among six patients with HIV-1 who had received numerous treatments. RNA and DNA fractions were obtained from concurrent blood and rectal biopsy samples. Phylogenetic trees and resistance profiles showed that the rectal mucosa and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) harbored different HIV-1 strains. The resistance-associated mutations found in each strain corresponded to the treatment history of the patients. The resistance mutations acquired during earlier treatment regimens were detected in the sequences obtained from the rectal samples and in the PBMCs in several of the patients. Also, differences in the resistance profiles were observed between anatomical sites and between RNA and DNA fractions. Thus, a single sample probably will not be representative of the HIV-1 archived in different sites. Both the resistance profile and phylogeny of HIV-1 often differed in sequences obtained from RNA and DNA from the same site. These findings suggest that additional information regarding the antiviral resistance profile of the patient might be obtained by testing different anatomical sites.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
T L
TL
Katzenstein
A B
AB
Petersen
M
M
Storgaard
N
N
Obel
S
S
Jensen-Fangel
C
C
Nielsen
L B
LB
Jørgensen
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D003106:Colon / Q000821:virology; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D015751:Genes, pol; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000821:virology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D016415:Sequence Alignment
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease; C514803:p16 protease, Human immunodeficiency virus 1