Functional food targeting the regulation of obesity-induced inflammatory responses and pathologies.
Obesity is associated with a low-grade systemic chronic inflammatory state, characterized by the abnormal production of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines. It has been found that immune cells such as macrophages can infiltrate adipose tissue and are responsible for the majority of inflammatory cytokine production. Obesity-induced inflammation is considered a potential mechanism linking obesity to its related pathologies, such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, type-2 diabetes, and some immune disorders. Therefore, targeting obesity-related inflammatory components may be a useful strategy to prevent or ameliorate the development of such obesity-related diseases. It has been shown that several food components can modulate inflammatory responses in adipose tissue via various mechanisms, some of which are dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), whereas others are independent on PPARgamma, by attenuating signals of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and/or c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK). In this review, we introduce the beneficial effects of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals that can help prevent obesity-induced inflammatory responses and pathologies.
Hirai
Shizuka
S
Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
Takahashi
Nobuyuki
N
Goto
Tsuyoshi
T
Lin
Shan
S
Uemura
Taku
T
Yu
Rina
R
Kawada
Teruo
T
D054392:Adipokines / Q000276:immunology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D055951:Functional Food; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
D054392:Adipokines; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts