A longitudinal study of serum lipoproteins in relation to endogenous reproductive hormones during the menstrual cycle: findings from the BioCycle study.
BACKGROUND
Exogenous estrogens have been shown to affect the lipid profile, leading to the hypothesis that endogenous estrogens may have similar effects.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between endogenous estrogen and serum lipoproteins across the menstrual cycle.


METHODS
This was a prospective cohort study.


METHODS
The study was conducted at the University at Buffalo, 2005-2007.


METHODS
Participants included 259 healthy, regularly menstruating women aged 18-44 yr.


METHODS
Serum levels of total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides measured up to eight times per cycle for up to two cycles were measured.


RESULTS
Total and LDL cholesterol were lower during the luteal phase as compared with the follicular phase (P < 0.001), and HDL levels were highest around ovulation (P < 0.001). More women were classified above the desirable range (LDL > or =130 mg/dl or total cholesterol > or =200 mg/dl) when measured during the follicular phase. Estradiol was positively associated with HDL in acute effects models [beta = 0.019, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.015, 0.022] and inversely associated with total (beta = -0.017, 95% CI -0.020, -0.014) and LDL cholesterol (beta = -0.023, 95% CI -0.027, -0.018) and triglycerides (beta = -0.041, 95% CI -0.054, -0.029) in persistent effects models.


CONCLUSIONS
Endogenous estrogen, like exogenous estrogen, appears to have beneficial effects on the lipid profile. Because lipoprotein cholesterol levels vary across the menstrual cycle, cyclic variations in lipoprotein levels may need to be considered in the design and interpretation of studies in reproductive-age women and in the clinical management of women's cholesterol.
Mumford
Sunni L
SL
Epidemiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
Schisterman
Enrique F
EF
Siega-Riz
Anna Maria
AM
Browne
Richard W
RW
Gaskins
Audrey J
AJ
Trevisan
Maurizio
M
Steiner
Anne Z
AZ
Daniels
Julie L
JL
Zhang
Cuilin
C
Perkins
Neil J
NJ
Wactawski-Wende
Jean
J
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides