Expression of anti-cardiolipin antibodies and inflammatory associated factors in patients with schizophrenia.
Numerous studies have implicated a connection between schizophrenia and autoimmune disorders. However, the precise relationship and underlying mechanism are still obscure. To further identify the association between autoimmune disorders and schizophrenia, the mRNA expressions of various cytokines and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in monocytes are examined by using RT-PCR. Additionally, ELISA and zymography were performed to determine the anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCL) and MMP9 activity in serum form schizophrenic patients. Notably, significantly increased interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 mRNA were observed in schizophrenic patients, whereas significant reductions of TLR-3 and TLR-5 mRNA were detected. Moreover, significantly increased levels of aCL antibody and a higher frequency of positive-MMP9 activity were detected in serum from patients with schizophrenia. Meanwhile, no significant association was found between each of the medications and aCL activity. These findings demonstrated autoimmune-related phenomena in schizophrenic patients and further suggested a connection between schizophrenia and autoimmune disorders.
Chang
Sheng-Huang
SH
Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Chiang
Szu-Yi
SY
Chiu
Chun-Ching
CC
Tsai
Chun-Chou
CC
Tsai
Huei-Huang
HH
Huang
Chih-Yang
CY
Hsu
Tsai-Ching
TC
Tzang
Bor-Show
BS
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9