Prevalence of depression symptoms among adolescents aged 12-17 years in California and the role of overweight as a risk factor.
BACKGROUND
Literature documentation of the health consequences of obesity among adolescents continues to grow and includes the psychosocial consequences of obesity on this population.


OBJECTIVE
The specific aim of this study was to identify prevalence of depression in adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years, and to identify the role of overweight as a risk factor for depression.


METHODS
Secondary data analysis of the adolescent version of the 2005 California Health Interview Survey. Symptoms of depression were measured with a reduced version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Weight status was determined using the Centers for Disease Control definitions and those recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics.


RESULTS
The sample was nearly half male (50.6%). The majority of the adolescents in the sample were White (47.2%) followed by Latino (33.5%). Approximately 10% of the adolescents reported more than 10 depression symptoms. Based on BMI, 16.5% of the sample were at-risk of being overweight, and 14.7% were overweight. However, 24.4% of sample thought they were 'slightly overweight or very overweight. We did not find any statistically significant association between weight status and symptoms of depression, but at the bivariate level we did find a statistically significant association between perception of one's weight and depression, P < .001. We also found that sex (OR 3.10; CI 2.07-4.51), perceived health (OR 2.25; CI 1.53-3.31), smoking (OR 1.8; CI 1.30-2.69), and alcohol use (OR 2.06; CI 1.44-2.95) were independently associated with depression symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
Even though we were unable to prove the proposed association, our findings are noteworthy given that the association between these variables are less clear in the literature. Future studies that attempt to examine the relationship between these two variables may benefit from longitudinal design, inclusion of multi-item risk and protective predictors, inclusion of social-context related variables, perceived weight, and family history of obesity.
Bazargan-Hejazi
Shahrzad
S
Department of Psychiatry, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA. shahrzadbazargan@cdrewu.edu
Alvarez
Griselda
G
Teklehaimanot
Senait
S
Nikakhtar
Nehzat
N
Bazargan
Mohsen
M
D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors