Imbalance between thyroid hormones and the dopaminergic system might be central to the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome: a hypothesis.
Data collected from medical literature indicate that dopaminergic agonists alleviate Restless Legs Syndrome symptoms while dopaminergic agonists antagonists aggravate them. Dopaminergic agonists is a physiological regulator of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Dopaminergic agonists infusion diminishes the levels of thyroid hormones, which have the ability to provoke restlessness, hyperkinetic states, tremors, and insomnia. Conditions associated with higher levels of thyroid hormones, such as pregnancy or hyperthyroidism, have a higher prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome symptoms. Low iron levels can cause secondary Restless Legs Syndrome or aggravate symptoms of primary disease as well as diminish enzymatic activities that are involved in dopaminergic agonists production and the degradation of thyroid hormones. Moreover, as a result of low iron levels, dopaminergic agonists diminishes and thyroid hormones increase. Iron therapy improves Restless Legs Syndrome symptoms in iron deprived patients. Medical hypothesis. To discuss the theory that thyroid hormones, when not counterbalanced by dopaminergic agonists, may precipitate the signs and symptoms underpinning Restless Legs Syndrome. The main cause of Restless Legs Syndrome might be an imbalance between the dopaminergic agonists system and thyroid hormones.
Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil.
Jose Carlos
JC
Pereira
Marcia
M
Pradella-Hallinan
Hugo de
Hd
Lins Pessoa
D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000502:physiology; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000502:physiology
D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; C464825:cytochrome P-450 CYP121; D013972:Thyrotropin; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D007501:Iron; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase