Ethyl acetate fraction of adlay bran ethanolic extract inhibits oncogene expression and suppresses DMH-induced preneoplastic lesions of the colon in F344 rats through an anti-inflammatory pathway.
Adlay ( Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is a grass crop and was reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity and an antiproliferative effect in cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of an adlay bran ethanolic extract (ABE-Ea) on colon carcinogenesis in an animal model and investigate its mechanism. Male F344 rats received 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and consumed different doses of ABE-Ea. The medium-dose group (17.28 mg of ABE-Ea/day) exhibited the best suppressive effect on colon carcinogenesis and prevented preneoplastic mucin-depleted foci (MDF) formation. Moreover, RAS and Ets2 oncogenes were significantly down-regulated in this group compared to the negative control group, whereas Wee1, a gene involved in the cell cycle, was up-regulated. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression was significantly suppressed in all colons receiving the ABE-Ea, indicating that ABE-Ea delayed carcinogenesis by suppressing chronic inflammation. ABE-Ea included considerable a proportion of phenolic compounds, and ferulic acid was the major phenolic acid (5206 microg/g ABE-Ea) on the basis of HPLC analysis. Results from this study suggest that ABE-Ea suppressed DMH-indued preneoplastic lesions of the colon in F344 rats and that ferulic acid may be one of the active compounds.
Chung
Cheng-Pei
CP
Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, Center for Food and Biomolecules, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
Hsu
Hsin-Yi
HY
Huang
Din-Wen
DW
Hsu
Hsing-Hua
HH
Lin
Ju-Tsui
JT
Shih
Chun-Kuang
CK
Chiang
Wenchang
W
D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine / Q000009:adverse effects; D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D031742:Coix / Q000737:chemistry*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D050787:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
D000085:Acetates; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C494071:Ets2 protein, rat; D010936:Plant Extracts; D050787:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-2; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C007650:ethyl acetate; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras); D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine