A structural equation modelling approach to the complex path from postural stability to morale in elderly people with fear of falling.
OBJECTIVE
To test a model of the path from Activity Limitation (postural instability) to participation (morale), taking account of the influence of psychological variables of appraisal, emotion and self-efficacy. Also to attempt to define whether elderly people with fear of falling are fearful because they are posturally unstable or because they are generally anxious.


METHODS
Elderly inpatients (n = 153, age: 67-95, 31% men) were assessed shortly before their discharge home. They were invited to complete tests of postural stability and questionnaires about consequences of falling, previous experience of falls, subjective unsteadiness, emotional state, balance confidence, concern and fear about falling and morale. Results were treated with Pearson correlations and structural equation modelling.


RESULTS
All variables related to morale, the highest correlation being with anxiety and depression. However, there was no direct path from postural instability to morale. Balance confidence and fear of falling formed separate end points, neither affecting morale.


CONCLUSIONS
Morale alone is not an adequate outcome of rehabilitation. Increased balance confidence and reduced fear of falling need to be addressed in their own right and assessed independently of morale in elderly rehabilitation.
Division of Clinical and Developmental Sciences, University of London, St. Georges, London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
John D
JD
Valentine
Janet
J
Simpson
Christian
C
Worsfold
Keren
K
Fisher
D000058:Accidental Falls; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009013:Morale; D004856:Postural Balance; D011788:Quality of Life; D020377:Self Efficacy