Effects of various saccharides on the masking of epitope sites and uptake in the gut of cedar allergen Cry j 1-saccharide conjugates by a naturally occurring Maillard reaction.
A major allergen of Japanese cedar, Cry j 1, was conjugated with galactomannan (M(w) of 15 kDa), dextran (M(w) of 12 kDa), xyloglucan (M(w) of 1.4 kDa), and various monosaccharides through the Maillard reaction by dry-heating in 65% relative humidity. The Cry j 1-galactomannan conjugate completely masked the epitopes of the allergen in Cry j 1. The Cry j 1-dextran conjugate also masked the epitopes of Cry j 1. The small size of oligosaccharide (xyloglucan) and various monosaccharides cannot mask the epitopes of allergen Cry j 1. This suggests that the higher molecular size of attached saccharides is important to mask sterically the epitope sites. The Cry j 1-galactomannan and Cry j 1-mannose conjugates were effectively trafficked in the gut and co-localized with immune cells, such as dendritic cells in the gut, suggesting that Cry j 1-saccharide conjugates are phagocytosed via the mannose receptor in immune cells. These results suggest that the Cry j 1-galactomannan conjugate is suitable for masking the epitope sites of Cry j 1 and trafficking to immune cells in gut lumen.
Aoki
Reiko
R
Department of Biological Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
Saito
Akira
A
Azakami
Hiroyuki
H
Kato
Akio
A
D000485:Allergens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D032485:Cryptomeria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D000939:Epitopes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000276:immunology*; D015416:Maillard Reaction; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000276:immunology*
D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D002241:Carbohydrates; C065290:Cry j I protein, Cryptomeria japonica; D000939:Epitopes; D010940:Plant Proteins