Colorectal adenomas and cancer link to chromosome 13q22.1-13q31.3 in a large family with excess colorectal cancer.
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death. Fewer than 5% of colon cancers arise in the presence of a clear hereditary cancer condition; however, current estimates suggest that an additional 15-25% of colorectal cancers arise on the basis of unknown inherited factors.


OBJECTIVE
To identify additional genetic factors responsible for colon cancer.


METHODS
A large kindred with excess colorectal cancer was identified through the Utah Population Database and evaluated clinically and genetically for inherited susceptibility.


RESULTS
A major genetic locus segregating with colonic polyps and cancer in this kindred was identified on chromosome 13q with a non-parametric linkage score of 24 (LOD score of 2.99 and p=0.001). The genetic region spans 21 Mbp and contains 27 RefSeq genes. Sequencing of all candidate genes in this region failed to identify a clearly deleterious mutation; however, polymorphisms segregating with the phenotype were identified. Chromosome 13q is commonly gained and overexpressed in colon cancers and correlates with metastasis, suggesting the presence of an important cancer progression gene. Evaluation of tumours from the kindred revealed a gain of 13q as well.


CONCLUSIONS
This identified region may contain a novel gene responsible for colon cancer progression in a significant proportion of sporadic cancers. Identification of the precise gene and causative genetic change in the kindred will be an important next step to understanding cancer progression and metastasis.
Neklason
Deborah W
DW
Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. deb.neklason@hci.utah.edu
Tuohy
Thérèse M
TM
Stevens
Jeffery
J
Otterud
Brith
B
Baird
Lisa
L
Kerber
Richard A
RA
Samowitz
Wade S
WS
Kuwada
Scott K
SK
Leppert
Mark F
MF
Burt
Randall W
RW
D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002882:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D005190:Family; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D014589:Utah
D005819:Genetic Markers