Bottlenecks of blood processing in Uganda.
OBJECTIVE
To identify where and why delays occur in Uganda blood banks.


BACKGROUND
The timely provision and supply of safe and efficacious blood components to hospitals depends on sound systems in the processing blood banks. Poorly managed systems lead to apparent blood shortages in hospitals and increase discard rates due to expiry before dispatch.


METHODS
We reviewed records of 4126 units of whole blood delivered by the mobile collection teams to a major regional blood bank, in the period 1 March 2009 to 30 June 2009, to ascertain the time intervals between the critical steps in the blood processing chain. This was followed by interviews with staff in two blood banks to establish the causes of process delays.


RESULTS
The average duration between blood collection and final labelling (release from quarantine for final storage) was 15·4 (SD 10·8) days. In timeline, the step between matrix generation and grouping was (median duration 8 days) the longest, whereas grouping to labelling was the shortest (median duration 2 days). Blood expiry had the highest discard rate (0·17%) among the non-transfusion transmissible infection marker causes. A minimally facilitated small staff contributed to the process flaws.


CONCLUSIONS
A considerable amount of blood does not reach hospitals because of process delays between collection and ultimate dispatch. This is caused by a thin staff working with inadequate materials, out-of-date methods and in an overcrowded environment. Provision of adequate staff and improved financial allocations to the Uganda Blood Transfusion Services will mitigate this situation.
Kajja
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Department of Orthopedics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda. kajja133@gmail.com
Kyeyune
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Bimenya
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Sibinga
C T S
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D001771:Blood Banks / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D006801:Humans; D013997:Time Factors; D014454:Uganda; D000078329:Workforce