Functional and structural effect of intravitreal indocyanine green, triamcinolone acetonide, trypan blue, and brilliant blue g on rat retina.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and structural damage of the retina after intravitreal injections of four different dyes in the rat.


METHODS
Rats were injected intravitreally with indocyanine green (ICG), trypan blue, triamcinolone acetonide, or brilliant blue G in the right eye. The other eye was injected with saline and served as a control. Simultaneous bilateral electroretinograms were recorded before injection and 7 and 28 days after injection. Histology and immunohistochemistry analyses with antibodies recognizing glial fibrillary acidic protein and protein kinase C were performed 28 days after the initial injection on both eyes.


RESULTS
Seven days after dye injection, the electroretinogram response of the treated eyes was altered in each group. At 1 month, eyes injected with triamcinolone acetonide, trypan blue, or brilliant blue G fully recovered, whereas eyes treated with ICG had A-wave and B-wave reduction of 65% and 63%, respectively. The inner nuclear layer thickness was statistically decreased in the ICG group (P = 0.003) but not with other dyes. Protein kinase C staining was decreased in the ICG group only, but no abnormal qualitative staining was found with either glial fibrillary acidic protein or protein kinase C antibodies with any dye.


CONCLUSIONS
Among the four tested dyes, only ICG led to functional and structural retinal damage.
Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon, France. garcher@chu-dijon.fr
Catherine
C
Creuzot-Garcher
Niyazi
N
Acar
Marie
M
Passemard
Samuel
S
Bidot
Alain
A
Bron
Lionel
L
Bretillon
D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000633:toxicity*; D007267:Injections; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000633:toxicity*; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000633:toxicity*; D014343:Trypan Blue / Q000633:toxicity*; D014822:Vitreous Body
D004396:Coloring Agents; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; D014343:Trypan Blue; D007208:Indocyanine Green; C004692:coomassie Brilliant Blue