Quiescent haematopoietic stem cells are activated by IFN-gamma in response to chronic infection.
Lymphocytes and neutrophils are rapidly depleted by systemic infection. Progenitor cells of the haematopoietic system, such as common myeloid progenitors and common lymphoid progenitors, increase the production of immune cells to restore and maintain homeostasis during chronic infection, but the contribution of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to this process is largely unknown. Here we show, using an in vivo mouse model of Mycobacterium avium infection, that an increased proportion of long-term repopulating HSCs proliferate during M. avium infection, and that this response requires interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) but not interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) signalling. Thus, the haematopoietic response to chronic bacterial infection involves the activation not only of intermediate blood progenitors but of long-term repopulating HSCs as well. IFN-gamma is sufficient to promote long-term repopulating HSC proliferation in vivo; furthermore, HSCs from IFN-gamma-deficient mice have a lower proliferative rate, indicating that baseline IFN-gamma tone regulates HSC activity. These findings implicate IFN-gamma both as a regulator of HSCs during homeostasis and under conditions of infectious stress. Our studies contribute to a deeper understanding of haematological responses in patients with chronic infections such as HIV/AIDS or tuberculosis.
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Megan T
MT
Baldridge
Katherine Y
KY
King
Nathan C
NC
Boles
David C
DC
Weksberg
Margaret A
MA
Goodell
D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002452:Cell Count; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000172:deficiency / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma