Stage 4 compressive-extension injury of the cervical spine: a theoretical stage?
METHODS
Case reports of stage 4 compressive-extension injury (CES-4).


OBJECTIVE
To present CES-4, which has been known as a theoretical stage.


BACKGROUND
Compressive-extension stage 3 and 4 lesion has been considered as theoretical stages between the mild and advanced lesions of the compressive-extension phylogeny.


METHODS
Clinical and radiologic details are presented documenting the CES-4 injury.


RESULTS
The authors have encountered 2 cases of CES-4 injury and in this study report the radiographic findings and describe the surgical treatment of the cases.


CONCLUSIONS
CES-4 is not a theoretical stage.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyung-Hee University College of Medicine, Dongdamun-ku, Seoul, Korea. sks111@khmc.or.kr
Kyung-Soo
KS
Suk
Ki-Tack
KT
Kim
Jung-Hee
JH
Lee
Sang-Hun
SH
Lee
Jin-Soo
JS
Kim
Jae-Hyung
JH
Eoh
D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult