[A comparative study of biological indicators of phlegm-heat syndrome and phlegm-dampness syndrome model with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].
OBJECTIVE
To compare phlegm-heat syndrome with phlegm-dampness syndrome of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in regard to inflammatory response, hormone level, lung pathological examination and lung function.


METHODS
Fifty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, including normal control group, AECOPD group, phlegm-heat syndrome of AECOPD group (PHs group), phlegm-dampness syndrome of AECOPD group (PDs group). The level of white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil ratio, free triiodothyronine (FT(3)), free thyroxine (FT(4)), epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), cortisol (COR), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8) in blood, and TNF-alpha, IL-8, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined with radioimmunology. Lung function was tested by whole-body plethysmography.


RESULTS
(1)The count of WBC and neutrophil ratio in PDs group were higher than in PHs group, AECOPD group and normal group, there was significant difference in multiple comparison. The levels of inflammatory mediators in serum and BALF in three model groups were evidently higher than in normal group, and IL-8 [(4.13+/-1.28) microg/L] and CRP [(3.07+/-0.69) microg/L ] in serum in PDs group were higher than those in PHs group [(1.75+/-0.53) microg/L, (1.98+/-0.42) microg/L, both P<0.01]. (2)FT(3) level in blood in both AECOPD group and PHs group [(9.44+/-3.17) pmol/L , (9.95+/-3.68) pmol/L] was significantly higher than that in normal control group [(4.53+/-2.80) pmol/L], FT(3) in PDs group [(2.13+/-1.31) pmol/L] was evidently lower than that in normal group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The level of FT(4) [(2.23+/-0.71) pmol/L], E [(87.27+/-29.32) nmol/L] and NE [(71.69+/-21.24) nmol/L] in PDs group were all obviously lower than those in normal group [FT(4): (4.64+/-1.49) pmol/L, E: (143.94+/-32.90) nmol/L, NE: (100.32+/-27.73) nmol/L, P<0.05 or P<0.01]. There was no significant difference in the above three parameters between AECOPD group and normal group. Each parameter in PHs group was markedly higher than that in AECOPD group. The content of COR in PDs group was higher than in PHs group, in which COR was higher than in AECOPD group, which was equal to that in normal group. (3)The pathological changes in lung included inflammatory cell infiltration , exfoliation of cilia, dilatation of alveolar spaces of lung tissue in AECOPD group, which were more significant in PHs group and PD group. Inflammatory cells infiltration around the bronchi, thickening of interalveolar spaces, and vasodilatation were more pronounced in PHs group and PDs group than in AECOPD group. Inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchi were about the same between PHs and PDs groups. (4)The levels of peak expiratory velocity (PEV), tidal volume (V(T)), minute ventilation (MV) were significantly lower in AECOPD group, PHs group and PDs group than in normal control group, but the levels of frequency (f) and inspiratory resistance (Rin) were evidently higher. Compared with AECOPD group, the levels of PEV, V(T), MV were significantly decreased, the level of respiratory f and Rin evidently increased in PDs group. Compared with PHs group, the levels of PEV, V(T), MV significantly decreased in PDs group, while the level of f and Rin evidently increased. There was no significant difference in the above five parameters between AECOPD group and PHs group.


CONCLUSIONS
The changes in local and systemic inflammatory response, lung histopathological injury in PHs group and PDs group were more evident than changes in AECOPD group. The changes in systemic inflammatory response, decrease in functional indicators of thyroid and adrenal medulla, and decline in lung function were more marked in PDs group than in PHs group.
Li
Jian-sheng
JS
Institute of Senile Medicine of Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, China. li_js8@163.com
Li
Su-yun
SY
Zhang
Yan-xia
YX
Qiao
Cui-xia
CX
Zhou
Hong-yan
HY
D000818:Animals; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein