A comparative study of wound healing following incision with a scalpel, diode laser or Er,Cr:YSGG laser in guinea pig oral mucosa: A histological and immunohistochemical analysis.
OBJECTIVE
This study compared wound healing following incisions with either a scalpel, a diode laser or an Er,Cr:YSGG laser in guinea pig oral mucosa.


METHODS
Three types of wound were made randomly with either a stainless-steel scalpel, a diode laser or an Er,Cr:YSGG laser in the buccal mucosa of 24 guinea pigs. Five guinea pigs were sacrificed on each of Days 1, 3, 5 and 7 post-surgery. Four guinea pigs were sacrificed on Day 14 post-surgery. Biopsy samples from each oral mucosa wound were examined using light microscopy and the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The expression of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 was evaluated by calculating the percentage of positively stained cells and immunostaining intensity was evaluated using a scale ranging from 0 to 3.


RESULTS
Infiltration of inflammatory cells decreased rapidly at Day 5 post-surgery in all three groups of animals. The highest level of TNF-alpha expression was found at Day 1 post-surgery for the diode laser wounds. The intensity of TNF-alpha immunostaining was highest at Day 3 post-surgery and lowest at Day 7 post-surgery for all three groups of animals. For the scalpel wounds, a lower level of TGF-beta1 expression was seen until Day 3 post-surgery and a higher level from Day 7 post-surgery compared to laser wounds. The intensity of TGF-beta1 immunostaining was highest at Day 1 post-surgery for the diode laser wounds.


CONCLUSIONS
The diode laser is considered a good cutting device for oral mucosa; however, more tissue damage occurs than with the use of a scalpel or an Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Larger studies will be needed before fully endorsing the widespread use of the diode laser.
Jin
Jae-Yong
JY
Practice in Tower Dental Clinic, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
Lee
Sang-Hwa
SH
Yoon
Hyun-Joong
HJ
D000818:Animals; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000601:surgery*; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011897:Random Allocation; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha