Neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosis from symptom to outcome.
OBJECTIVE
Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis is a rare disease with severe neurological sequelae. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to investigate the clinical course, possible risk factors, and outcome of a cohort of neonatal patients with sinovenous thrombosis and, second, to estimate the incidence in The Netherlands.


METHODS
From January 1999 to March 2009, a review of all neonatal patients with sinovenous thrombosis from 6 tertiary neonatal intensive care units was performed. Population characteristics, clinical presentation, (prothrombotic) risk factors, neuroimaging, interventions, and neurodevelopment were evaluated. An estimated incidence was calculated based on the Netherlands Perinatal Registry.


RESULTS
Fifty-two neonates were included (39 boys) with a median gestational age of 39 weeks (range, 30 to 42 weeks; 5 preterm). An assisted or complicated delivery occurred in 32 of 52. Presenting symptoms developed at a median postnatal age of 1.5 days (range, 0 to 28 days) and consisted mainly of seizures (29 of 52). All sinovenous thrombosis cases were confirmed with MRI/MR venography. Multisinus thrombosis was most common followed by superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. FII G20210A mutation was present in 2 of 18 tested neonates (11%). Anticoagulation therapy (in 22 of 52) did not result in hemorrhagic complications. At follow-up (median age, 19 months; range, 3 to 72 months), moderate to severe neurological sequelae were present in 38%. The mortality was 10 of 52 (19%). A variable, although high yearly incidence of 1.4 to 12 per 100 000 term newborns was found.


CONCLUSIONS
Neonatal sinovenous thrombosis is a multifactorial disease. The estimated incidence in The Netherlands seems higher than reported elsewhere.
Berfelo
Florieke J
FJ
Department of Neonatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Kersbergen
Karina J
KJ
van Ommen
C H Heleen
CH
Govaert
Paul
P
van Straaten
H L M Irma
HL
Poll-The
Bwee-Tien
BT
van Wezel-Meijler
Gerda
G
Vermeulen
R Jeroen
RJ
Groenendaal
Floris
F
de Vries
Linda S
LS
de Haan
Timo R
TR
D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D020767:Intracranial Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012851:Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*