High diversity and abundance of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from humans and farm animal hosts in Jeonnam Province, South Korea.
The spread of antibiotics resistance among bacteria is a threat to human health. Since South Korea uses approximately 1.5 times more antibiotics than do other OECD countries, this is likely to impact the numbers and types of antibiotic-resistant bacteria found in the environment. In this study we examined feces from domesticated animals and humans for the diversity and abundance of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. Abundant antibiotic-resistant E. coli were isolated from all the tested animals and humans and were examined by horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced, rep-PCR (HFERP) DNA fingerprint analysis. A total of 793 unique, non-clonal, E. coli isolates were obtained from the 513 human and animal hosts examined. Antibiotic resistance analysis, done using 14 antibiotics, indicated that 72.3% of the isolates (573 of 793) were found resistant to more than one antibiotic. The E. coli isolated from swine were resistant to the greatest number of antibiotics. Tetracycline resistant E. coli were routinely isolated from all animal hosts (36 to 77% per host), except for dairy cattle (9.3%). Twenty nine E. coli isolates from all hosts, except for duck, were resistant to more than 10 antibiotics. Gene transfer and southern hybridization studies revealed that resistance to 13 of the antibiotics was self-transmissible, and likely mediated by plasmids and integrons. Since genetically diverse and numerically abundant antibiotic-resistant E. coli were consistently recovered from chicken, swine and other domesticated animals in South Korea, our results suggest that the use of sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotics for disease prophylaxis and growth promotion should be curtailed.
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea.
Tatsuya
T
Unno
Dukki
D
Han
Jeonghwan
J
Jang
Sun-Nim
SN
Lee
Joon Ha
JH
Kim
Gwangpyo
G
Ko
Bong Gyu
BG
Kim
Joong-Hoon
JH
Ahn
Robert A
RA
Kanaly
Michael J
MJ
Sadowsky
Hor-Gil
HG
Hur
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044822:Biodiversity; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004372:Ducks / Q000382:microbiology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents