Vitamin D deficiency and frailty in older Americans.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the relation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and frailty. Frailty is a multidimensional phenotype that describes declining physical function and a vulnerability to adverse outcomes in the setting of physical stress such as illness or hospitalization. Low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are known to be associated with multiple chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, in addition to all cause mortality.


METHODS
Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III), we evaluated the association between low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and frailty, defined according to a set of criteria derived from a definition previously described and validated.


METHODS
Nationally representative survey of noninstitutionalized US residents collected between 1988 and 1994.


RESULTS
25-Hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, defined as a serum concentration <15 ng mL(-1), was associated with a 3.7-fold increase in the odds of frailty amongst whites and a fourfold increase in the odds of frailty amongst non-whites. This association persisted after sensitivity analyses adjusting for season of the year and latitude of residence, intended to reduce misclassification of persons as 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficient or insufficient.


CONCLUSIONS
Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with frailty amongst older adults.
Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. ewilhelm@stanford.edu
E R
ER
Wilhelm-Leen
Y N
YN
Hall
I H
IH
Deboer
G M
GM
Chertow
D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012621:Seasons; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D014807:Vitamin D