Biomechanical characteristics of 9 arthroscopic knots.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the optimal arthroscopic slipknot through comparison of ease of placement, loop security, knot security, and amount of suture material needed using a new suture material.


METHODS
Nine commonly used arthroscopic knots (Dines, Field, Nicky, Hu, San Diego, Snyder, Tennessee slider, Triad, and Tuckahoe) were tested by use of modern suture material, FiberWire (Arthrex, Naples, FL), with the Instron materials testing machine (Instron, Norwood, MA) for ease of knot placement (forward and backward sliding), loop security, and knot security. The amount of suture material needed to create the knot was compared by use of the knot weight. Analysis of variance with Kruskal-Wallis analysis and Bonferroni correction (alpha < .01) was used to compare different knots.


RESULTS
The Tennessee slider knot sustained the greatest force at failure (269 N), the greatest knot resistance (32 N), and the smallest mass (8.5 mg). The Dines was the only knot superior in all 3 knot placement categories. The Nicky held the most loop force (66 N), and the Tuckahoe had the greatest loop resistance (20 N) (P < .01 for all except mass [P < .05]).


CONCLUSIONS
Our study comprehensively presents ease-of-placement and security characteristics of 9 common and new arthroscopic knots using modern FiberWire suture. The Tennessee slider knot showed superior characteristics in knot security and knot mass. The Dines knot was the most ideal knot to place. However, the surgeon will need to review the individual knot characteristics and select the knot most suited to application.


CONCLUSIONS
This study analyzed 9 arthroscopic knots with modern suture material and identified those with superior characteristics.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, U.S.A.
Kevin A
KA
Dahl
Daniel J
DJ
Patton
Qiang
Q
Dai
Montri D
MD
Wongworawat
D001182:Arthroscopy; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004868:Equipment Failure; D008422:Materials Testing; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013537:Sutures; D016474:Weight-Bearing