Optical extinction combined with phase measurements for probing DNA-small-molecule interactions using an evanescent waveguide biosensor.
We demonstrate the use of both optical extinction and phase measurements for probing the interactions between DNA and small molecules by dual polarization interferometry. On binding to DNA at the interface, mitoxantrone (MTX) and methylene blue (MB) induced reversible concentration-dependent optical extinction due to light absorption, which clearly revealed the association and dissociation of small molecules with DNA in real time. The binding constants of MTX-DNA and MB-DNA determined from the masses derived from optical extinction are 1.8 x 10(5) and 4.2 x 10(4) M(-1), respectively, and shown to be buffer salt concentration-dependent. Apart from optical extinction, phase measurements reflected the overall change of the interaction; namely, a combined result of the binding of small molecules and any changes in DNA structure. The masses derived from phase could be very different from those derived from optical extinction. The structural changes detected by phase measurements showed a contraction and densification of DNA upon intercalation by MTX or MB. The combination of optical extinction and phase measurements allows a detailed understanding of the interaction process.
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
Juan
J
Wang
Paul D
PD
Coffey
Marcus J
MJ
Swann
Fan
F
Yang
Jian R
JR
Lu
Xiurong
X
Yang
D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000737:chemistry; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000737:chemistry*; D007364:Intercalating Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000737:chemistry; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000737:chemistry; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation
D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D015342:DNA Probes; D007364:Intercalating Agents; D004247:DNA; D008751:Methylene Blue; D008727:Methotrexate