The silkworm Green b locus encodes a quercetin 5-O-glucosyltransferase that produces green cocoons with UV-shielding properties.
In the silkworm Bombyx mori, dietary flavonoids are metabolized and accumulate in cocoons, thereby causing green coloration. Classical genetic studies suggest that more than seven independent loci are associated with this trait; however, because of the complex inheritance pattern, none of these loci have been characterized molecularly, and a plausible and comprehensive model for their action has not been proposed. Here, we report the identification of the gene responsible for the Green b (Gb) locus involving the green cocoon trait. In +(Gb) animals, glucosylation at the 5-O position of dietary quercetin did not occur, and the total amount of flavonoids in tissues and cocoons was dramatically reduced. We performed positional cloning of Gb and found a 38-kb deletion in a UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT) gene cluster associated with the +(Gb) allele. RT-PCR and biochemical studies suggested that deletion of Bm-UGT10286 (UGT) is responsible for Gb and Bm-UGT10286 is virtually the sole source of UGT activity toward the 5-O position of quercetin. Our data show that the regiospecific glucosylation of flavonoids by the quercetin 5-O-glucosyltransferase can greatly affect the overall bioavailability of flavonoids in animals. Furthermore, we provide evidence that flavonoids increase the UV-shielding activity of cocoons and thus could confer an increased survival advantage to insects contained in these cocoons. This study will lead to greater understanding of mechanisms for metabolism, uptake, and transport of dietary flavonoids, which have a variety of biological activities in animals and beneficial effects on human health.
Daimon
Takaaki
T
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
Hirayama
Chikara
C
Kanai
Masatoshi
M
Ruike
Yoshinao
Y
Meng
Yan
Y
Kosegawa
Eiichi
E
Nakamura
Masatoshi
M
Tsujimoto
Gozoh
G
Katsuma
Susumu
S
Shimada
Toru
T
D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D012831:Bombyx / Q000378:metabolism*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D031625:Morus; D005810:Multigene Family; D011794:Quercetin / Q000737:chemistry; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D019476:Insect Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011794:Quercetin; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C550925:quercetin 5-O-glucosyltransferase, Bombyx mori