Going up in flames: necrotic cell injury and inflammatory diseases.
Recent evidence indicates that cell death can be induced through multiple mechanisms. Strikingly, the same death signal can often induce apoptotic as well as non-apoptotic cell death. For instance, inhibition of caspases often converts an apoptotic stimulus to one that causes necrosis. Because a dedicated molecular circuitry distinct from that controlling apoptosis is required for necrotic cell injury, terms such as "programmed necrosis" or "necroptosis" have been used to distinguish stimulus-dependent necrosis from those induced by non-specific traumas (e.g., heat shock) or secondary necrosis induced as a consequence of apoptosis. In several experimental models, programmed necrosis/necroptosis has been shown to be a crucial control point for pathogen- or injury-induced inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate programmed necrosis/necroptosis and its biological significance in pathogen infections, drug-induced cell injury, and trauma-induced tissue damage.
Challa
Sreerupa
S
Department of Pathology, Immunology and Virology Program Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
Chan
Francis Ka-Ming
FK
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death; D002477:Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D009336:Necrosis; D015398:Signal Transduction
D020169:Caspases