Morbidity and mortality associated with the restrictive spirometric pattern: a longitudinal study.
BACKGROUND
Recent studies have suggested that a restrictive pattern assessed with a single spirometric test is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study was undertaken to determine demographic, clinical and mortality profiles of subjects with either a recurrent or an inconsistent restrictive spirometric pattern assessed prospectively.


METHODS
Data from 2048 adult participants in the population-based TESAOD study were analysed. Normal (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FEV(1)/FVC) ratio >or=70% and FVC >or=80% predicted), restrictive (FEV(1)/FVC >or=70% and FVC <80% predicted) and obstructive (FEV(1)/FVC <70%) patterns were assessed at the enrollment survey in 1972 and in 11 subsequent follow-up surveys up to 1996. Demographic and clinical characteristics were measured at enrollment and vital status and cause of death were assessed at January 2005.


RESULTS
Overall, 12% of participants had a restrictive spirometric pattern at enrollment. They were less likely to be male, to smoke and to have asthma, and had lower IgE levels than subjects in the obstructive group. Among subjects with a restrictive pattern at enrollment, 38% developed an obstructive pattern during follow-up. The remaining 62% had either a recurrent (restrictive pattern >or=50% of follow-up surveys) or inconsistent (restrictive pattern <50% of follow-up surveys) longitudinal restrictive pattern. The recurrent and inconsistent restrictive groups had increased mortality risk for all-cause (adjusted HR 1.7 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.3) and 1.9 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.6), respectively), heart disease (2.0 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.1) and 2.7 (95% CI 1.7 to 4.3)), stroke (2.4 (95% CI 0.9 to 6.3) and 3.5 (95% CI 1.2 to 9.8)) and diabetes (8.0 (95% CI 2.9 to 21.8) and 6.0 (95% CI 1.9 to 19.2)).


CONCLUSIONS
The restrictive spirometric pattern identifies a pulmonary condition that is distinguishable from obstructive lung disease and is associated with an increased risk of life-threatening comorbidities.
Guerra
Stefano
S
Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5030, USA. sguerra@arc.arizona.edu
Sherrill
Duane L
DL
Venker
Claire
C
Ceccato
Christina M
CM
Halonen
Marilyn
M
Martinez
Fernando D
FD
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D013147:Spirometry; D014797:Vital Capacity; D055815:Young Adult
D007073:Immunoglobulin E