Effects of a composition containing lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase on oral malodor and salivary bacteria: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
We report a clinical trial of the effects of test tablets containing bovine lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase on oral malodor and salivary bacteria. Fifteen subjects with volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in mouth air above the olfactory threshold (H(2)S >1.5 or CH(3)SH >0.5 ng/10 ml) as detected by gas chromatography were enrolled in the trial. Either a test or a placebo tablet was ingested twice at 1-h intervals in two crossover phases. Mouth air was monitored for VSC levels at the baseline before ingestion of a tablet, 10 min after the first ingestion, 1 h (just before the second ingestion), and 2 h after the first ingestion. Whole saliva was analyzed at the baseline and at 2 h for bacterial numbers. At 10 min, the level of CH(3)SH was significantly lower in the test group (median [interquartile range] = 0.28 [0.00-0.68] ng/10 ml) compared to that in the placebo group (0.73 [0.47-1.00] ng/10 ml; P = 0.011). The median concentration of CH(3)SH in the test group was below the olfactory threshold after 10 min until 2 h, whereas the level in the placebo group was above the threshold during the experimental period. No difference in the numbers of salivary bacteria was detected by culturing or quantitative PCR, but terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism detected one fragment with a significantly lower copy number at 2 h in the test group (mean ± standard error, 4.89 ± 0.11 log(10) copies/10 µl) compared to that in the placebo group (5.38 ± 0.15 log(10) copies/10 µl; P = 0.033). These results indicate a suppressive effect of the test composition on oral malodor and suggest an influence on oral bacteria.
Shin
Kouichirou
K
Food Science & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, 228-8583 Kanagawa, Japan.
Yaegaki
Ken
K
Murata
Takatoshi
T
Ii
Hisataka
H
Tanaka
Tomoko
T
Aoyama
Izumi
I
Yamauchi
Koji
K
Toida
Tomohiro
T
Iwatsuki
Keiji
K
D000328:Adult; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002417:Cattle; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006209:Halitosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000032:analysis; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007784:Lactoperoxidase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis
D010919:Placebos; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C005231:methylmercaptan; D007784:Lactoperoxidase; D007781:Lactoferrin; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide