Medication error prevalence.
OBJECTIVE
Healthcare risk epidemiology identifies medication error as the commonest cause of adverse effects on patients. Medication error can occur at any phase of the complex medication process so prevalence rates need to be estimated at each drug treatment phase: prescription, transcription and administration along with their clinical repercussions. This paper aims to investigate this issue.


METHODS
Medication errors were recorded on an ad hoc sheet and staff were observed handling medications. Recorded errors were later classified and their clinical repercussions determined by experts.


RESULTS
In total 757 inpatients and 5466 drug prescriptions were studied. The prescription error rate was 4.79 percent (95 percent CI 4.21-5.36). The most frequent error in this phase was failing to observe international prescribing standards. The highest error rate was found in transcription (14.61 percent, 95 percent CI 13.67-15.54). Almost 1900 dose administrations were observed. There was a 9.32 percent error rate (95 percent CI 7.98-10.67). The commonest error in this phase was omission. Most were transcription errors, which were detected before harm wasdone.


CONCLUSIONS
The dispensation phase is absent.


CONCLUSIONS
Errors can be reduced if they are understood. Education and training based on the study's findings can reduce medication errors.


CONCLUSIONS
The paper highlights ways to reduce errors in the medication process.
Jiménez Muñioz
Ana Belén
AB
Hospital General, Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. abjimenez.hgugm@salud.madrid.org
Muiño Miguez
Antonio
A
Rodriguez Pérez
Maria Paz
MP
Escribano
María Dolores Vigil
MD
Durán Garcia
María Esther
ME
Sanjurjo Saez
María
M
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006739:Hospital Administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008510:Medication Systems, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration