Guam's influenza epidemic(s) of 2009.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize syndromic and laboratory surveillance for influenza on Guam during 2009, including the relation of cases to the timing of swine flu-related stories published in a local newspaper.


METHODS
Data utilized in the study included clinical diagnoses of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in the Emergency Department log of Guam's only civilian hospital (syndromic surveillance) and laboratory confirmed cases of Influenza A (rapid test) and novel 2009 H1N1 influenza virus (RT-PCR subtyping) from both civilian and military sources. In addition, the number of "swine flu" stories appearing weekly in a local paper were tallied.


RESULTS
What initially appeared to be an epidemic occurring in 2 distinct waves was shown to be separate epidemics of "seasonal flu" and "swine flu." There was a strong correlation between the timing of "swine flu" stories appearing in local media and the diagnosis of ARI.


CONCLUSIONS
Syndromic surveillance is useful for the early detection of disease outbreaks but laboratory results may be necessary in order to gain a clear epidemiologic picture of a disease incident.
Haddock
Robert L
RL
Office of Epidemiology and Research, Guam Department of Public Health and Social Services, Mangilao, Guam 96913. robhad@yahoo.com
Damian
Yvonne S N
YS
Duguies
Lourdes A
LA
Paulino
Yvette C
YC
D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D058872:Epidemics; D006141:Guam / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D009524:Newspapers as Topic; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
D007252:Influenza Vaccines