Acute maternal social dysfunction, health perception and psychological distress after ultrasonographic detection of a fetal structural anomaly.
OBJECTIVE
To predict acute psychological distress in pregnant women following detection of a fetal structural anomaly by ultrasonography, and to relate these findings to a comparison group.


METHODS
A prospective, observational study.


METHODS
Tertiary referral centre for fetal medicine.


METHODS
One hundred and eighty pregnant women with a fetal structural anomaly detected by ultrasound (study group) and 111 with normal ultrasound findings (comparison group) were included within a week following sonographic examination after gestational age 12 weeks (inclusion period: May 2006 to February 2009).


METHODS
Social dysfunction and health perception were assessed by the corresponding subscales of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Psychological distress was assessed using the Impact of Events Scale (IES-22), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the anxiety and depression subscales of the GHQ-28. Fetal anomalies were classified according to severity and diagnostic or prognostic ambiguity at the time of assessment.


METHODS
Social dysfunction, health perception and psychological distress (intrusion, avoidance, arousal, anxiety, depression).


RESULTS
The least severe anomalies with no diagnostic or prognostic ambiguity induced the lowest levels of IES intrusive distress (P = 0.025). Women included after 22 weeks of gestation (24%) reported significantly higher GHQ distress than women included earlier in pregnancy (P = 0.003). The study group had significantly higher levels of psychosocial distress than the comparison group on all psychometric endpoints.


CONCLUSIONS
Psychological distress was predicted by gestational age at the time of assessment, severity of the fetal anomaly, and ambiguity concerning diagnosis or prognosis.
Kaasen
A
A
Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. a.kaasen@online.no
Helbig
A
A
Malt
U F
UF
Naes
T
T
Skari
H
H
Haugen
G
G
D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D001143:Arousal; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003376:Counseling; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009664:Norway; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D012649:Self Concept; D012934:Social Isolation; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult