Pegfilgrastim appears equivalent to daily dosing of filgrastim to treat neutropenia after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
BACKGROUND
Filgrastim decreases the time to neutrophil recovery after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). We hypothesized that single-dose pegfilgrastim would mimic multiple daily doses of filgrastim, resulting in an equivalent shortening of post-PBSCT neutropenia.


METHODS
Patients who were eligible for PBSCT and aged >or= 18 years were identified before high-dose chemotherapy, after the harvesting and cryopreservation of peripheral blood progenitor cells (ie, > 2.5 x 10(6) CD34-positive cells/kg). Eligible patients received either standard carmustine/etoposide/cytarabine/melphalan (BEAM) or carmustine/etoposide/cytarabine/cyclophosphamide (BEAC) high-dose chemotherapy. Before high-dose chemotherapy, patients were randomly assigned to receive pegfilgrastim 6 mg on day 1 (arm A) or weight-based, dose-adjusted filgrastim beginning on day 1 (arm B) after transplantation until neutrophil engraftment.


RESULTS
One-hundred and one patients were enrolled between April 2003 and April 2007. Three patients were not treated. Demographics were well-balanced in terms of stage at diagnosis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, histology, and lines of previous therapy. Results (arm A/arm B) pertained to mean doses received (1.0/12.6), mean absolute neutrophil count recovery days (9.3/9.8), red blood cell transfusions (1.7/1.9), red blood cell transfusion units (3.1/3.8), platelet transfusions (3.1/2.8), positive blood culture rate (18%/29.2%), febrile neutropenia (FN; 18%/16.7%), and duration of FN (days; 7.1/6.9). Transplantation-related mortality and grade 3 or 4 adverse events were comparable between arms.


CONCLUSIONS
Pegfilgrastim after PBSCT appears equivalent to multiple daily doses of filgrastim. This approach might be considered in lieu of filgrastim, thus obviating the need for multiple daily injections.
Rifkin
Robert
R
Blood and Marrow Transplant Network, US Oncology Research, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA. robert.rifkin@usoncology.com
Spitzer
Gary
G
Orloff
Gregory
G
Mandanas
Romeo
R
McGaughey
Dean
D
Zhan
Feng
F
Boehm
Kristi A
KA
Asmar
Lina
L
Beveridge
Roy
R
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002330:Carmustine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D003561:Cytarabine; D005047:Etoposide; D005260:Female; D000069585:Filgrastim; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011034:Podophyllotoxin; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D055815:Young Adult
D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003561:Cytarabine; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; C455861:pegfilgrastim; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D005047:Etoposide; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011034:Podophyllotoxin; D000069585:Filgrastim; D008558:Melphalan; D002330:Carmustine