Use of monoclonal antibodies against Hendra and Nipah viruses in an antigen capture ELISA.
BACKGROUND
Outbreaks of Hendra (HeV) and Nipah (NiV) viruses have been reported starting in 1994 and 1998, respectively. Both viruses are capable of causing fatal disease in humans and effecting great economical loss in the livestock industry.


RESULTS
Through screening of hybridomas derived from mice immunized with gamma-irradiated Nipah virus, we identified two secreted antibodies; one reactive with the nucleocapsid (N) protein and the other, the phosphoprotein (P) of henipaviruses. Epitope mapping and protein sequence alignments between NiV and HeV suggest the last 14 amino acids of the carboxyl terminus of the N protein is the target of the anti-N antibody. The anti-P antibody recognizes an epitope in the amino-terminal half of P protein. These monoclonal antibodies were used to develop two antigen capture ELISAs, one for virus detection and the other for differentiation between NiV and HeV. The lower limit of detection of the capture assay with both monoclonal antibodies was 400 pfu. The anti-N antibody was used to successfully detect NiV in a lung tissue suspension from an infected pig.


CONCLUSIONS
The antigen capture ELISA developed is potentially affordable tool to provide rapid detection and differentiation between the henipaviruses.
Chiang
Cheng-Feng
CF
Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Lo
Michael K
MK
Rota
Paul A
PA
Spiropoulou
Christina F
CF
Rollin
Pierre E
PE
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D045404:Hendra Virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D045464:Henipavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D045405:Nipah Virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins