Intralesional bovine papillomavirus DNA loads reflect severity of equine sarcoid disease.
BACKGROUND
Sarcoids are nonmetastasising, yet locally aggressive skin tumours that constitute the most frequent neoplasm in equids. Infection by bovine papillomaviruses types 1 and 2 (BPV-1, BPV-2) has been recognised as major causative factor in sarcoid pathogenesis, but a possible correlation of intralesional virus load with disease severity has not been established thus far.


OBJECTIVE
Given the pathogenic role of BPV-1 and BPV-2 in sarcoid disease, we suggest that intralesional viral DNA concentration may reflect the degree of affection.


METHODS
Severity of disease was addressed by recording the tumour growth kinetics, lesion number and tumour type for 37 sarcoid-bearing horses and one donkey. Viral load was estimated via quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) of the E2, E5, L1 and L2 genes from the BPV-1/-2 genome for one randomly selected lesion per horse and correlated with disease severity.


RESULTS
Quantitative PCR against E2 identified viral DNA concentrations ranging from 0-556 copies/tumour cell. Of 16 horses affected by quiescent, slowly growing single tumours or multiple mild-type lesions, 15 showed a viral load up to 1.4 copies per cell. In stark contrast, all equids (22/22) bearing rapidly growing and/or multiple aggressive sarcoids had a viral load between 3 and 569 copies per cell. Consistent results were obtained with qPCR against E5, L1 and L2.


CONCLUSIONS
While tumours of the same clinical type carried variable virus load, confirming that viral titre does not determine clinical appearance, we identified a highly significant correlation between intralesional viral load and disease severity.


CONCLUSIONS
The rapid determination of BPV viral load will give a reliable marker for disease severity and may also be considered when establishing a therapeutic strategy.
Haralambus
R
R
Department of Biotechnology in Animal Production, IFA-Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
Burgstaller
J
J
Klukowska-Rötzler
J
J
Steinborn
R
R
Buchinger
S
S
Gerber
V
V
Brandt
S
S
D000818:Animals; D052688:Bovine papillomavirus 1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D006736:Horses; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load
D004279:DNA, Viral