Food consumption and nutrient intake in Finnish 1-6-year-old children.
OBJECTIVE
To study food consumption and nutrient intake in Finnish children aged 1-6 years and to assess the effect of age and sex on food consumption and nutrient intake.


METHODS
Cross-sectional samples of children participating in the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) birth cohort study in Finland.


METHODS
The study population comprised healthy children recruited in the nutrition study within the DIPP study in 1998-2003. Three-day food records (2535 in total) from 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-year-old children were kept between the years 2003 and 2005.


RESULTS
The energy-adjusted consumption of fruits and berries, cereal products, infant formulas and meat dishes was higher and the consumption of vegetables, salads, breads, dairy products, fat spreads, drinks, sweets and sugar was lower among 1-year-old children than older age groups (P for all <0.05). The mean daily energy intake increased with age and was higher among boys than girls in all age groups, except among the 2-year-olds (P for all <0.05). The diet of the 2-6-year-old children contained too much saturated fat and sucrose, and too little PUFA compared with the current Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. The intakes of most vitamins and minerals met the recommendations. However, the intakes of vitamin D, E and iron fell below the recommended levels. The nutrient density of the diet decreased after the age of 1 year at the time that the children adapted to the regular family diet.


CONCLUSIONS
In order to improve the diet of young children, it is essential to evaluate the diet of the whole family.
Kyttälä
Pipsa
P
Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland. pipsa.kyttala@uta.fi
Erkkola
Maijaliisa
M
Kronberg-Kippilä
Carina
C
Tapanainen
Heli
H
Veijola
Riitta
R
Simell
Olli
O
Knip
Mikael
M
Virtanen
Suvi M
SM
D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015930:Diet Records; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage
D005227:Fatty Acids; D018977:Micronutrients; D013395:Sucrose