Extra- and intramuscular nerve distribution patterns of the muscles of the ventral compartment of the forearm.
OBJECTIVE
This study describes the extra- and intramuscular nerve branching of muscles of the ventral compartment of forearm, thereby providing critical information on determining the points for botulinum toxin injections that would be effective at reducing muscular spasticity.


METHODS
Twenty-three Korean and French cadavers were dissected and subjected to Modified Sihler's staining to investigate nerve entry points and intramuscular nerve arborization patterns. Nerve entry point and abundant arborizing area of each muscle were analyzed on 20 segments with reference to transverse lines obtained by dividing the forearm into ten equal divisions and a vertical line bisecting the medial and lateral halves of the forearm.


RESULTS
The nerve entry points of the first and second layers of forearm muscles were located at medial levels 3 and 2, respectively. The entry points of the median and ulnar nerves innervating the flexor digitorum profundus (third layer) were located at medial levels 4 and 3, respectively. The intramuscular regions of abundant arborization in each muscle were located one level distal to the nerve entry point.


CONCLUSIONS
This study has yielded a map of nerve entry and abundant arborization of motor nerves innervating each muscle of the ventral compartment of the forearm.
Won
Sung-Yoon
SY
Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
Hur
Mi-Sun
MS
Rha
Dong-Wook
DW
Park
Hyun-Do
HD
Hu
Kyung-Seok
KS
Fontaine
Christian
C
Kim
Hee-Jin
HJ
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation*; D014459:Ulnar Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology