Self-reported activity in tortured refugees with long-term sequelae including pain and the impact of foot pain from falanga--a cross-sectional study.
OBJECTIVE
To describe activity limitations in tortured refugees referred for rehabilitation, particularly the impact of neuropathic pain resulting from falanga (beatings under the feet).


METHODS
Physiotherapists assessed 103 consecutively referred torture victims with a long history of sequelae, among them pain and mobility problems. All had been subjected to various forms of physical and psychological torture and 71 victims had also suffered falanga. Main outcome measures used were: the Disability Rating Index (DRI; 12 items) to assess self-reported capacity to carry out daily activities; for falanga victims, a specific foot assessment of sensory function in the feet.


RESULTS
All patients perceived clear activity limitations according to the DRI. The falanga victims' feet were categorised according to the type of foot pain: stimulus-independent pain; stimulus-evoked pain; no pain. The two groups with foot pain displayed sensory dysfunction and suffered more extensive activity limitations. After correction for confounding factors, these two groups reported significantly more activity limitations in 7 out of 12 DRI items than those who were not exposed to falanga.


CONCLUSIONS
In this group of victims who had chronic pain for at least 5 years after torture, all perceived activity limitations, but pain from falanga had a greater overall impact on disability assessed in terms of daily activities.
Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims, Copenhagen, Denmark. kp@rct.dk
Karen
K
Prip
Ann L
AL
Persson
Bengt H
BH
Sjölund
D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012016:Reference Values; D012036:Refugees / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014104:Torture; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation