Development of an oligo DNA microarray for the European sea bass and its application to expression profiling of jaw deformity.
BACKGROUND
The European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a marine fish of great importance for fisheries and aquaculture. Functional genomics offers the possibility to discover the molecular mechanisms underlying productive traits in farmed fish, and a step towards the application of marker assisted selection methods in this species. To this end, we report here on the development of an oligo DNA microarray for D. labrax.


RESULTS
A database consisting of 19,048 unique transcripts was constructed, of which 12,008 (63%) could be annotated by similarity and 4,692 received a GO functional annotation. Two non-overlapping 60mer probes were designed for each unique transcript and in-situ synthesized on glass slides using Agilent SurePrint technology. Probe design was positively completed for 19,035 target clusters; the oligo microarray was then applied to profile gene expression in mandibles and whole-heads of fish affected by prognathism, a skeletal malformation that strongly affects sea bass production. Statistical analysis identified 242 transcripts that are significantly down-regulated in deformed individuals compared to normal fish, with a significant enrichment in genes related to nervous system development and functioning. A set of genes spanning a wide dynamic range in gene expression level were selected for quantitative RT-PCR validation. Fold change correlation between microarray and qPCR data was always significant.


CONCLUSIONS
The microarray platform developed for the European sea bass has a high level of flexibility, reliability, and reproducibility. Despite the well known limitations in achieving a proper functional annotation in non-model species, sufficient information was obtained to identify biological processes that are significantly enriched among differentially expressed genes. New insights were obtained on putative mechanisms involved on mandibular prognathism, suggesting that bone/nervous system development might play a role in this phenomenon.
Ferraresso
Serena
S
Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology, and Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
Milan
Massimo
M
Pellizzari
Caterina
C
Vitulo
Nicola
N
Reinhardt
Richard
R
Canario
Adelino V M
AV
Patarnello
Tomaso
T
Bargelloni
Luca
L
D000818:Animals; D001492:Bass / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000235:genetics*; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D006257:Head; D007569:Jaw Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D011786:Quality Control; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger