Characterization and effect on skin hydration of engkabang-based emulsions.
Formulations containing engkabang fat and engkabang fat esters, F10 and E15 respectively were prepared using a high-shear homogenizer, followed by a high-pressure homogenizer. Both formulations were stable at room temperature, at 45 degrees C, and after undergoing freeze-thaw cycles. The particle sizes of F10 and E15 after high pressure were 115.75 nm and 148.41 nm respectively. The zeta potentials of F10 and E15 were -36.4 mV and -48.8 mV respectively, while, the pH values of F10 and E15 were 5.59 and 5.81 respectively. The rheology of F10 and E15 showed thixotropy and pseudoplastic behavior respectively. There were no bacteria or fungal growths in the samples. The short-term moisturizing effect on 20 subjects analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), gave p-values of 7.35 x 10(-12) and 2.77 x 10(-15) for F10 and E15 respectively. The hydration of the skins increased after application of F10 and E15 with p-value below 0.05.
Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Siti Salwa
SS
Abd Gani
Mahiran
M
Basri
Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul
MB
Rahman
Anuar
A
Kassim
Raja Noor Zaliha Raja
RN
Abd Rahman
Abu Bakar
AB
Salleh
Zahariah
Z
Ismail
D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D053958:Dipterocarpaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010316:Particle Size; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D012212:Rheology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012871:Skin Diseases; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests; D013499:Surface Properties
D004655:Emulsions; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts