An efficient and accurate new method for locating the F3 position for prefrontal TMS applications.
The International 10-20 system is a method for standardized placement of electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes. The 10-20 system correlates external skull locations with the underlying cortical areas. This system accounts for variability in patient skull size by using certain percentages of the circumference and distances between four basic anatomical landmarks. This 10-20 system has recently been used in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) research for locating specific cortical areas. In the treatment of depression (and some types of pain), the desired placement of the TMS coil is often above the left dorsalateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) which corresponds to the F3 location given by the 10-20 system. However, for an administrator with little experience with the 10-20 system, the numerous measurements and calculations can be excessively time-consuming. Additionally, with more measurements comes more opportunity for human error. For this reason we have developed a new, simpler and faster way to find the F3 position using only three skull measurements. In this paper, we describe and illustrate the application of the new F3 location system, provide the formulas used in the calculation of the F3 position, and summarize data from 10 healthy adults. After using both the International 10-20 system and this new method, it appears that the new method is sufficiently accurate; however, future investigations may be warranted to conduct more in dept analyses of the method's utility and potential limitations. This system requires less time and training to find the optimal position for prefrontal coil placement and it saves considerable time compared to the 10-20 EEG system.
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, USA. beamw@musc.edu
William
W
Beam
Jeffrey J
JJ
Borckardt
Scott T
ST
Reeves
Mark S
MS
George
D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*