Building and maintaining the axon initial segment.
The axon initial segment is a unique neuronal subregion involved in the initiation of action potentials and in the control of axonal identity. Recent work has helped our understanding of how this specialised structure develops, not least in identifying possible mechanisms leading to the localisation of the AIS's master organiser protein, ankyrin-G. The most exciting current work, however, focuses on later aspects of AIS function and plasticity. Recent studies have shown that the AIS is subdivided into distinct structural and functional domains, have demonstrated how the AIS acts as a cytoplasmic barrier for axonal transport, and have discovered that the AIS can be surprisingly plastic in its responses to alterations in neuronal activity.
MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, 4th Floor, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. matthew.grubb@kcl.ac.uk
Matthew S
MS
Grubb
Juan
J
Burrone
D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D017487:Ankyrins / Q000378:metabolism; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D013049:Spectrin / Q000378:metabolism
D017487:Ankyrins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D015222:Sodium Channels; C013065:cell aggregation factors; D013049:Spectrin