Surgical oncology. Alternatives to surgery after failure of instillation therapy.
Management of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer represents a difficult challenge in clinical practice. the dilemma is to decide between an organ-sparing approach or radical cystectomy with the risk of undertreatment or overtreatment for this group of patients. This issue is especially important for patients who have failed previous intravesical therapy.
Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. christian.weiss@kgu.de
Christian
C
Weiss
Claus
C
Rödel
D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D015653:Cystectomy; D006801:Humans