Millimeter wave treatment promotes chondrocyte proliferation by upregulating the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cyclin A.
We investigated the effects of millimeter wave treatment on the expression of the cell cycle regulating proteins cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and cyclin A in chondrocytes. Knee articular cartilage from SD rats was used to establish cultured primary chondrocytes. After identification using toluidine blue staining, passage 2 chondrocytes were randomly divided into different groups and treated with nocodazole or millimeter wave. The RNA expression of CDK2 and cyclin A was measured using RT-PCR, and their protein levels were detected by Western blotting. Cell cycle analysis showed that nocodazole treatment significantly increased the number of G0/G1 and G2/M stage chondrocytes and decreased the amount of S phase cells. In contrast, millimeter wave treatment significantly decreased the number of G0/G1 and G2/M chondrocytes and increased the number of S phase cells. The mRNA and protein levels of CDK2 and cyclin A consistently demonstrated a reverse trend, with the lowest levels in the chondrocytes treated with nocodazole. The expression of CDK2 and cyclin A was higher in chondrocytes receiving millimeter wave treatment than in untreated cells. In conclusion, millimeter wave treatment induces CDK2 and cyclin A expression, accelerates S-phase entry and G2/M transition and promotes chondrocyte cell cycle progression.
Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Town, Minhou Shangjie, Fujian 350108, PR China.
Xihai
X
Li
Min
M
Du
Xianxiang
X
Liu
Wenlie
W
Chen
Mingxia
M
Wu
Jiumao
J
Lin
Guangwen
G
Wu
D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019925:Cyclin A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D011827:Radiation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050257:Tubulin Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects
D019925:Cyclin A; D050257:Tubulin Modulators; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D015739:Nocodazole