Transnasal TOE: An alternate approach in the setting of difficult probe placement for seated spinal surgery.
Transnasal transoesophageal echocardiography may be an effective alternative approach when difficulty is encountered while placing a probe for patients with severe kyphoscoliosis. We describe a successful approach in a patient presenting for orthopaedic fixation and review the current literature.
Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bosten, USA.
Michael G
MG
Fitzsimons
Brinda
B
Kamdar
Johnica
J
Eyvazzadeh
B
B
Heidi