Safety and toxicological evaluation of a novel chromium(III) dinicocysteinate complex.
Chromium(III) is an essential trace element required for normal protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. It also helps in energy production and increasing lean body mass. Chromium(III) dinicocysteinate (CDNC) is a unique form of bioavailable chromium(III). This study was focused on determining the broad spectrum safety of CDNC. Acute oral, acute dermal, primary dermal and eye irritation studies, Ames' bacterial reverse mutation assay, mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, and a 90-day dose-dependent oral toxicity study were conducted. Acute oral and dermal LD(50) of CDNC was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley rats. A primary skin irritation study in New Zealand Albino rabbits demonstrated CDNC as slightly irritating. An eye irritation study exhibited that CDNC is moderately irritating. Ames' bacterial reverse mutation assay and mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test demonstrated CDNC as non-mutagenic. A dose-dependent 90-day oral toxicity study demonstrated no significant toxicity of CDNC. Body weight, food and water consumption, selected organ weights (expressed as percentages of body or brain weights), ocular health, hematology, blood chemistry, and histopathology showed no abnormal changes. Clinical and histopathological evaluation of CDNC identified a dose level of 5.7 mg/kg/day as the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). Overall, these results demonstrate the broad spectrum safety of CDNC.
University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, Laramie, WY, USA.
Nair
N
Sreejayan
Palma Ann
PA
Marone
Francis C
FC
Lau
Taharat
T
Yasmin
Manashi
M
Bagchi
Debasis
D
Bagchi
D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002857:Chromium / Q000633:toxicity*; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity*; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012737:Sex Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic
D002857:Chromium; D003545:Cysteine