Effect of sulfadiazine on abundance and diversity of denitrifying bacteria by determining nirK and nirS genes in two arable soils.
Sulfadiazine (SDZ) is an antibiotic frequently used in agricultural husbandry. Via manuring of excrements of medicated animals, the drug reaches the soil and might impair important biochemical transformation processes performed by microbes, e.g., the nitrogen turnover. We studied the effect of pig manure and SDZ-spiked pig manure on denitrifying bacteria by quantifying nirK and nirS nitrite reductase genes in two arable soils. Addition of manure entailed mainly an increase of nirK-harboring denitrifiers in both soils, whereas in the SDZ-amended treatments, primarily the nirS denitrifiers increased in abundance after the bioavailable SDZ had declined. However, the community composition of nirS nitrite reducers investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis did not change despite the observed alterations in abundance.
Kleineidam
Kristina
K
Department of Terrestrial Ecogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. kristina.kleineidam@helmholtz-muenchen.de
Sharma
Shilpi
S
Kotzerke
Anja
A
Heuer
Holger
H
Thiele-Bruhn
Sören
S
Smalla
Kornelia
K
Wilke
Berndt-Michael
BM
Schloter
Michael
M
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D044822:Biodiversity; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009572:Nitrite Reductases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009573:Nitrites; D012987:Soil; D019155:Veterinary Drugs; D013411:Sulfadiazine; D009572:Nitrite Reductases