title: The role of dopamine in symptoms and treatment of apathy in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a number of serious and debilitating behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The most common of these BPSD is apathy, which represents a major source of morbidity and premature institutionalization in the AD population. Many studies have identified discrete changes to the dopaminergic (DAergic) system in patients with AD. The DAergic system is closely related to the brain reward system (BRS) and some studies have suggested that dysfunction in the DAergic system may account for symptoms of apathy in the AD population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes to the dopamine (DA) system in AD will be reviewed, and evidence supporting the involvement of the DAergic system in the development of apathy will be examined. Additionally, some pharmacological interventions with DA activity have been identified. The utility of these treatments in the AD population will be reviewed, with a focus on apathy as an outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence presented in this review suggests that DA dysfunction in discrete brain areas is an important correlate of apathy in AD and that the DAergic system may be a rational target for pharmacological treatment of apathy.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychopharmacology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Krista L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lanctôt
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D057565:Apathy / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D004298:Dopamine