title: Transthoracic tissue Doppler assessment of left atrial appendage contraction and relaxation: their changes with aging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed left atrial appendage (LAA) function using transthoracic tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE), and examined the influence of aging on LAA contraction and relaxation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 45 consecutive patients with heart disease and 110 healthy individuals. LAA wall motion velocity (LAAWV) at the tip of the LAA was measured using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and/or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We successfully recorded and measured LAAWV using TTE in 105 (95%) of the 110 healthy subjects. When angle correction was applied for the Doppler beam in TTE, LAAWV during contraction (LAAWVc) measured by TTE closely correlated with that measured by TEE (r = 0.97), and LAAWV during relaxation (LAAWVr) measured by TTE closely correlated with that measured by TEE (r = 0.95). LAAWVc and LAAWVr measured by TTE correlated significantly with the LAA flow velocities during LAA contraction and LAA relaxation measured by TEE (r = 0.64, P < 0.001; r = 0.53, P = 0.001). In healthy subjects, although LAAWVc remained unchanged with aging, LAAWVr significantly declined with aging (r =-0.48, P < 0.001) and had a significant negative correlation with left atrial dimension and a significant positive correlation with transmitral flow and annulus velocity during early diastole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transthoracic TDE can provide information on LAA function. LAA relaxation may be impaired with aging and may be accompanied by early diastolic left ventricular dysfunction and chronic overload to the left atrium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan. n_yoshida0210@ybb.ne.jp
authors.forename: Naoyasu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Mitsunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Kiyomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nanba
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshizumi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D020517:Atrial Appendage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity