Autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome: within-syndrome differences and age-related changes.
The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) was used to examine diagnostic profiles and age-related changes in autism symptoms for a group of verbal children and adolescents who had fragile X syndrome, with and without autism. After controlling for nonverbal IQ, we found statistically significant between-group differences for lifetime and current autism symptoms for the Communication and Restricted Interests/Repetitive Behaviors domains, but not the Reciprocal Social Interaction domain. Effect sizes for differences in Reciprocal Social Interaction also were smaller than effect sizes for the other domains, with one exception. Overall, severity of autism symptoms improved with age for all participants, with the least improvement noted for Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behaviors. FMRP did not account for unique variance in autism symptoms over and above nonverbal IQ.
McDuffie
Andrea
A
University of Wisconsin, Waisman Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA. mcduffie@waisman.wisc.edu
Abbeduto
Leonard
L
Lewis
Pamela
P
Kover
Sara
S
Kim
Jee-Seon
JS
Weber
Ann
A
Brown
W Ted
WT
D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003142:Communication; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior