title: Gene expression patterns of dengue virus-infected children from nicaragua reveal a distinct signature of increased metabolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infection with dengue viruses (DENV) leads to a spectrum of disease outcomes. The pathophysiology of severe versus non-severe manifestations of DENV infection may be driven by host responses, which could be reflected in the transcriptional profiles of peripheral blood immune cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We conducted genome-wide microarray analysis of whole blood RNA from 34 DENV-infected children in Nicaragua collected on days 3-6 of illness, with different disease manifestations. Gene expression analysis identified genes that are differentially regulated between clinical subgroups. The most striking transcriptional differences were observed between dengue patients with and without shock, especially in the expression of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins associated with protein biosynthesis. In the dengue hemorrhagic fever patients, one subset of differentially expressed genes encode neutrophil-derived anti-microbial peptides associated with innate immunity. By performing a meta-analysis of our dataset in conjunction with previously published datasets, we confirmed that DENV infection in vivo is associated with large changes to protein and nucleic acid metabolism. Additionally, whereas in vitro infection leads to an increased interferon signature, this was not consistently observed from in vivo patient samples, suggesting that the interferon response in vivo is relatively transient and was no longer observed by days 3-6 of illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data highlight important differences between different manifestations of severity during DENV infection as well as identify some commonalities. Compilation of larger datasets in the future across multiple studies, as we have initiated in this report, may well lead to better prediction of disease manifestation via a systems biology approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America. png.loke@nyumc.org
authors.forename: P'ng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Loke
authors.forename: Samantha N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sajeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.forename: Crisanta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balmaseda
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003715:Dengue / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003716:Dengue Virus; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007372:Interferons / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009527:Nicaragua; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D007372:Interferons