title: Computed tomography measurements of the lumbar spinous processes and interspinous space.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the anatomic proportions of the interspinous space and the spinous processes, considering the optimal placement of an interspinous spacer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2008 and December 2009, 565 patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen for various reasons were collected retrospectively for the study. Using the CT scan data, spinous processes of the lumbar spine L1-5 and the interspinous spaces T12-L5 were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average measured interspinous space was 9.1 ± 2.5 mm. This space became significantly (p < 0.001) smaller from anterior to posterior. Average cortical thickness of all lumbar spinous processes was 2.5 ± 0.5 mm. Cortical thickness decreased significantly (p < 0.001) from anterior to posterior. The cortex of the spinous processes from L2 (2.67 ± 0.45 mm) and L3 (2.66 ± 0.94 mm) was significantly thicker (p < 0.001) than that of the others. The spinous process of L5 had the thinnest (p < 0.001) cortex (2.10 ± 0.41 mm), as well as the smallest (p < 0.001) volume (3.0 ± 1.0 ml) and the shortest (p < 0.001) height (16.6 ± 3.6 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The spinous processes of L2 and L3 are the largest and sturdiest, and that of L5 is the weakest. The L4/5 segment features the smallest interspinous space with the thinnest cortex of all lumbar spinous processes. Because the interspinous space narrows posteriorly and the cortex is thicker anteriorly, it seems that the best anatomic position for a stand alone interspinous spacers is anterior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50924 Cologne, Germany. rolf.sobottke@uk-koeln.de
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sobottke
authors.forename: Timmo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koy
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Röllinghoff
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siewe
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kreitz
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bangard
authors.forename: Peer
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eysel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012016:Reference Values; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult