title: Mobile phone base stations and early childhood cancers: case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the risk of early childhood cancers associated with the mother's exposure to radiofrequency from and proximity to macrocell mobile phone base stations (masts) during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cancer registry and national birth register data in Great Britain.
  
  
  METHODS
  1397 cases of cancer in children aged 0-4 from national cancer registry 1999-2001 and 5588 birth controls from national birth register, individually matched by sex and date of birth (four controls per case).
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of cancers of the brain and central nervous system, leukaemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and all cancers combined, adjusted for small area measures of education level, socioeconomic deprivation, population density, and population mixing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean distance of registered address at birth from a macrocell base station, based on a national database of 76,890 base station antennas in 1996-2001, was similar for cases and controls (1107 (SD 1131) m v 1073 (SD 1130) m, P=0.31), as was total power output of base stations within 700 m of the address (2.89 (SD 5.9) kW v 3.00 (SD 6.0) kW, P=0.54) and modelled power density (-30.3 (SD 21.7) dBm v -29.7 (SD 21.5) dBm, P=0.41). For modelled power density at the address at birth, compared with the lowest exposure category the adjusted odds ratios were 1.01 (95% confidence interval 0.87 to 1.18) in the intermediate and 1.02 (0.88 to 1.20) in the highest exposure category for all cancers (P=0.79 for trend), 0.97 (0.69 to 1.37) and 0.76 (0.51 to 1.12), respectively, for brain and central nervous system cancers (P=0.33 for trend), and 1.16 (0.90 to 1.48) and 1.03 (0.79 to 1.34) for leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (P=0.51 for trend).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no association between risk of early childhood cancers and estimates of the mother's exposure to mobile phone base stations during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG. p.elliott@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Mireille B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Toledano
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: de Hoogh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Briggs
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology