title: SPROUTY-2 and E-cadherin regulate reciprocally and dictate colon cancer cell tumourigenicity.
abstract: SPROUTY-2 (SPRY2) regulates receptor tyrosine kinase signalling and therefore cell growth and differentiation. In this study, we show that SPRY2 expression in colon cancer cells is inhibited by the active vitamin D metabolite 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) through E-cadherin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In turn, SPRY2 represses both basal and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced E-cadherin expression. In line with this, SPRY2 induces ZEB1 RNA and protein, but not that of other epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition inducers that repress the CDH1/E-cadherin promoter. Consistently, SPRY2 and E-cadherin protein levels inversely correlate in colon cancer cell lines and xenografted tumours. Moreover, SPRY2 knockdown by small hairpin RNA increases CDH1/E-cadherin expression and, reciprocally, CDH1/E-cadherin knockdown increases that of SPRY2. In colon cancer patients, SPRY2 is upregulated in undifferentiated high-grade tumours and at the invasive front of low-grade carcinomas. Quantification of protein expression in 34 tumours confirmed an inverse correlation between SPRY2 and E-cadherin. Our data demonstrate a tumourigenic action of SPRY2 that is based on the repression of E-cadherin, probably by the induction of ZEB1, and a reciprocal regulation of SPRY2 and E-cadherin that dictates cell phenotype. We propose SPRY2 as a candidate novel marker for high-grade tumours and a target of therapeutic intervention in colon cancer.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbáchano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ordóñez-Morán
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Larriba
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Landolfi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonilla
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Pálmer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D019073:HT29 Cells; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D000071799:Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C485561:SPRY2 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; C486307:ZEB1 protein, human; D000071799:Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1; D002117:Calcitriol