title: The spermatogenesis and the sperm structure of Terebrantia (Thysanoptera, Insecta).
abstract: Spermatogenesis and the sperm structure of the terebrantian Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall are described. Spermatogenesis consists of two mitotic divisions; the second is characterized by the loss of half of the spermatids, which have pyknotic nuclei. Early spermatids have two centrioles, but when spermiogenesis starts, a third centriole is produced. The three basal bodies give rise to three flagella; later these fuse into a single flagellum which contains three 9+0 axonemes. The basal bodies are surrounded by a large amount of centriole adjunct material. During spermiogenesis this material contributes to the shifting of the three axonemes towards the anterior sperm region parallel to the elongating nucleus, and it is transformed into a dense cylinder. In the mature spermatids the three axonemes amalgamate to create a bundle of 27 doublet microtubules. Near the end of spermiogenesis the dense cylinder of the centriole adjunct lies parallel to the nucleus and the axonemes. It ends where the mitochondrion appears at half-sperm length. We confirm that Terebrantia testes have a single sperm cyst; their sperm are characterized by a cylindrical nucleus, three axonemes fused into one, a small mitochondrion and a short cylindrical centriole adjunct which corresponds to the dense body described in a previous work. The acrosome is lacking. At the midpoint of the anterior half of the sperm the outline of the cross-section is bilobed, with the nucleus contained in a pocket evagination of the plasma membrane. These characters are discussed in light of a comparison between Tubulifera and Terebrantia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paccagnini
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mercati
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giusti
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Romano
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dallai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054468:Axoneme / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005407:Flagella / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007313:Insecta / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008297:Male; D013087:Spermatids / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure