A novel possible strategy based on self-assembly approach to achieve complete periodontal regeneration.
Limitations of current regeneration modalities underscore the importance of restoring the three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment of periodontal development, which is able to elicit the intrinsic capacity of mesenchymal stem cells to proceed to engage in a redevelopment-like program. With increased attention for the potential therapeutic applications of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in periodontal regeneration, it has been proposed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are very likely another cell source of physiological repair of periodontal tissues. With this in mind, enlightened from the research targeting the fabrication of laminar structures such as liver and kidney with heterotypic stratification of cell sheets, we proposed a novel possible strategy based on self-assembly approach, which is akin to the physiological phenomenon that occurs during organogenesis, to enhance complete reconstruction of functional complex periodontium-organ systems. We assumed that in this strategy, using the intrinsic capacity of monodispersed cells to self-assemble into a microtissue such as a 3D spheroid, bilayered cell pellet constructs comprising calcified bone-forming cell pellets (i.e., BMMSCs) and cementum/PDL-forming cell pellets (i.e., PDLSCs) would be fabricated in vitro in a tissue-mimicking way and then implanted into periodontal defects. We hypothesize that this novel strategy might open new options to reconstruct extended periodontal defects and then achieve the ultimate goal of predictable and complete regeneration of the periodontium.
Yang
Zhen-Hua
ZH
Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Jin
Fang
F
Zhang
Xiao-Jun
XJ
Liu
Xin
X
Zhang
Yun-Fei
YF
Liu
Jia-Qiang
JQ
Duan
Yin-Zhong
YZ
Jin
Yan
Y
D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology*; D010519:Periodontium / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D012038:Regeneration; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*