title: Multiple mesodermal lineage differentiation of Apodemus sylvaticus embryonic stem cells in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Embryonic stem (ES) cells have attracted significant attention from researchers around the world because of their ability to undergo indefinite self-renewal and produce derivatives from the three cell lineages, which has enormous value in research and clinical applications. Until now, many ES cell lines of different mammals have been established and studied. In addition, recently, AS-ES1 cells derived from Apodemus sylvaticus were established and identified by our laboratory as a new mammalian ES cell line. Hence further research, in the application of AS-ES1 cells, is warranted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Herein we report the generation of multiple mesodermal AS-ES1 lineages via embryoid body (EB) formation by the hanging drop method and the addition of particular reagents and factors for induction at the stage of EB attachment. The AS-ES1 cells generated separately in vitro included: adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and cardiomyocytes. Histochemical staining, immunofluorescent staining and RT-PCR were carried out to confirm the formation of multiple mesodermal lineage cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The appropriate reagents and culture milieu used in mesodermal differentiation of mouse ES cells also guide the differentiation of in vitro AS-ES1 cells into distinct mesoderm-derived cells. This study provides a better understanding of the characteristics of AS-ES1 cells, a new species ES cell line and promotes the use of Apodemus ES cells as a complement to mouse ES cells in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Frank Fuxiang
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Wenyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Weiqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Zifei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lirong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jinli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Xiuming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bruce T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Lahn
authors.forename: Andy Peng
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Xiang
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051189:Murinae / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation