title: A prospective evaluation of the durability of palliative interventions for patients with metastatic breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although systemic therapy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) continues to evolve, there are scant data to guide physicians and patients when symptoms develop. In this article, the authors report the frequency and durability of palliative procedures performed in the setting of MBC.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2002 to June 2003, 91 patients with MBC underwent 109 palliative procedures (operative, n=76; IR n=39, endoscopic n=3). At study entry, patients had received a mean of 6 prior systemic therapies for metastatic disease. System-specific symptoms included neurologic (33%), thoracic (23%), musculoskeletal (22%) and GI (14%). The most common procedures were thoracostomy with or without pleurodesis (27%), craniotomy with resection (19%) and orthopedic open reduction/internal fixation (19%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptom improvement at 30 days and 100 days was reported by 91% and 81% of patients, respectively, and 70% reported continued benefit for duration of life. At a median interval of 75 days from intervention (range, 8-918 days), 23 patients (25%) underwent 61 additional procedures for recurrent symptoms. The durability of palliation varied with system-specific symptoms. Patients with neurologic or musculoskeletal symptoms were least likely to require additional maintenance procedures (P<.0002). The 30-day complication rate was 18% and there were no procedure-related deaths. At a median survival of 37.4 mos from MBC diagnosis (range, 1.6-164 months) and 8.4 months after intervention (range, 0.2-73 months), 7 of 91 patients remained alive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Palliative interventions for symptoms of MBC are safe and provide symptom control for the duration of life in 70% of patients. Definitive surgical treatment of neurologic or musculoskeletal symptoms provided the most durable palliation; interventions for other symptoms frequently require subsequent procedures. The longer median survival for patients with MBC highlights the need to optimize symptom control to maintain quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morrogh
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Miner
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jenckes
authors.forename: Mithat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonen
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Jaques
authors.forename: Tari A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010166:Palliative Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome