title: Exposure to pyrithiamine increases β-amyloid accumulation, Tau hyperphosphorylation, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 activity in the brain.
abstract: Decreased thiamine-dependent enzyme activity and/or thiamine deficiency (TD) have been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we administered pyrithiamine, an anti-thiamine compound, to both APP/PS1 transgenic mice and wild-type littermate control mice; alternatively, we induced TD by thiamine-depleted diet. Pyrithiamine treatment and diet-induced TD impaired the memory of wild-type mice, but had little effect on APP/PS1 mice. Pathophysiologically, pyrithiamine treatment and diet-induced TD aggravated β-amyloid accumulation in the brain. This was demonstrated by increased β-amyloid in the brains of wild-type mice using ELISA and by the number of amyloid plaques in the brains of APP/PS1 transgenic mice using immunochemical staining. Also, enhanced numbers of phosphorylated Tau-positive cells were observed in both APP/PS1 transgenic and wild-type mice. Furthermore, pyrithiamine decreased the phosphorylation rates of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and raised its enzymatic activity, but had little influence on GSK-3α. Diet-induced TD reduced the phosphorylated rates and increased the activities of GSK-3, GSK-3α, and GSK-3β. These results suggest that when sufficient thiamine supplement is administered, pyrithiamine can cause AD-like pathological alterations similar to that of diet-induced TD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital & Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Fenghua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wenxin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chunjiu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011745:Pyrithiamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D011897:Random Allocation; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016875:tau Proteins; D011745:Pyrithiamine; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3