title: [Diseases of the outer eye in rheumatoid arthritis].
abstract: Eye involvement is a frequent finding in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and may represent the leading clinical manifestation of disease. In this context, all components of the visual organ might be affected. The main spectrum of eye involvement comprises keratoconjunctivitis sicca, episcleritis and scleritis as well as ulcerative keratitis. As with the underlying disease, autoimmune reactions based on a patient's genetic predisposition are assumed to be of significance in disease pathogenesis. Emerging evidence also points to additional morphological and physiological ocular characteristics in the pathogenesis of the various ocular pathologies. This article gives an overview of clinical aspects, pathogenetic background as well as therapeutic options for ocular involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Feist
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pleyer
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D000075202:Contraindications; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007638:Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D015423:Scleritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D001323:Autoantibodies; D016207:Cytokines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions