title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) proteins of different bat species confer variable susceptibility to SARS-CoV entry.
abstract: The discovery of SARS-like coronavirus in bats suggests that bats could be the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV. However, previous studies indicated the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein, a known SARS-CoV receptor, from a horseshoe bat was unable to act as a functional receptor for SARS-CoV. Here, we extended our previous study to ACE2 molecules from seven additional bat species and tested their interactions with human SARS-CoV spike protein using both HIV-based pseudotype and live SARS-CoV infection assays. The results show that ACE2s of Myotis daubentoni and Rhinolophus sinicus support viral entry mediated by the SARS-CoV S protein, albeit with different efficiency in comparison to that of the human ACE2. Further, the alteration of several key residues either decreased or enhanced bat ACE2 receptor efficiency, as predicted from a structural modeling study of the different bat ACE2 molecules. These data suggest that M. daubentoni and R. sinicus are likely to be susceptible to SARS-CoV and may be candidates as the natural host of the SARS-CoV progenitor viruses. Furthermore, our current study also demonstrates that the genetic diversity of ACE2 among bats is greater than that observed among known SARS-CoV susceptible mammals, highlighting the possibility that there are many more uncharacterized bat species that can act as a reservoir of SARS-CoV or its progenitor viruses. This calls for continuation and expansion of field surveillance studies among different bat populations to eventually identify the true natural reservoir of SARS-CoV.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yuxuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhenggang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lin-Fa
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhengli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D000818:Animals; D002685:Chiroptera; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053586:Virus Internalization
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C578557:spike glycoprotein, SARS-CoV; C578553:spike protein, mouse hepatitis virus; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C000705307:ACE2 protein, human; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2