title: Potential of self-organizing nanogel with acetylated chondroitin sulfate as an anti-cancer drug carrier.
abstract: In order to obtain feasibility data regarding the possibility of using chondroitin sulfate (CS) in an anti-cancer drug delivery system, CS was chemically modified by a one-step process with acetic anhydride. Although 3 samples with different degrees of acetylation were synthesized, only the sample with the highest degree of acetylation (AC-CS3) was tested as a nanogel because the others (AC-CS1 and 2) dissolved in distilled water (DW) in the test range (1-10 mg/ml). The AC-CS3 nanogel was characterized by fluorescence probe and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. Its critical aggregation concentration (CAC) was <2.0 x 10(-2) mg/ml at 25 degrees C. The partition equilibrium constant, K(v), of the nanogel (7.88 x 10(5)) was similar to that of polymeric micelles, which means that the acetyl group may act as a hydrophobic core controlling pharmacokinetic behavior. The higher surface charge value in the nanogel, above - 40 due to carboxyl and sulfate groups in CS, explains its good stability. The anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) loading efficiency of the AC-CS3 nanogel was also superior, at above 90%. Changes in the size of the polydispersion index (PDI) of nanogels loaded with DOX over a 3-week period were negligible. The nanogels interacted with HeLa cells and were internalized together with the entrapped drug within the cytoplasm, probably via an endocytic mechanism exploited by sugar receptors. Based on these results, the AC-CS3 nanogel is expected to prove useful as an anti-cancer drug carrier for chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokkok2-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, South Korea.
authors.forename: Wooram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sin-jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Na
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation / Q000187:drug effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005453:Fluorescence; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D000080385:Nanogels; D010316:Particle Size; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D000080385:Nanogels; C413692:polyethylene glycol polyethyleneimine nanogel; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D004317:Doxorubicin; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates