title: Long-term response to calcium-channel blockers in non-idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the acute vasodilator response and long-term response to calcium-channel blockers (CCB) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with associated conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response to acute vasodilator testing [>20% decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and total pulmonary resistance] was assessed in 663 consecutive PAH patients with connective tissue disease (CTD; n = 168), portal hypertension (PoPH; n = 153), anorexigen use (n = 127), human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV; n = 124), congenital heart disease (CHD; n = 50), and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease or capillary haemangiomatosis (PVOD/PCH; n = 41). An acute vasodilator response was observed in 13.4% of PAH-anorexigen patients, 12.2% of PVOD/PCH, 10.1% of CTD, 1.6% of HIV, 1.3% of PoPH, and was absent in CHD. A long-term response to CCB (marked haemodynamic improvement at 3-4 months and New York Heart Association functional class I or II after 1 year) was reported in 9.4% of PAH-anorexigen patients but was rare in HIV, PoPH, CTD (1.6, 0.7, and 0.6%, respectively) and absent in PVOD/PCH. All patients with a long-term CCB response were alive after 5 years; two deaths not related to PAH occurred after this time. Recent criteria for acute response based on the fall in mPAP to <40 mmHg are more specific to detect long-term responders to CCB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A long-term CCB response was reported in patients with PAH associated with anorexigen use, but was rare in patients with PoPH or HIV and absent in PVOD/PCH, CHD, and the vast majority of CTD. The prognosis of long-term responders was favourable and related to the underlying cause of PAH.
authors.affiliation: Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Montani
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Savale
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Natali
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jaïs
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herve
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Humbert
authors.forename: Gérald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonneau
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sitbon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001067:Appetite Depressants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001067:Appetite Depressants; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014665:Vasodilator Agents