The cardiopulmonary continuum systemic inflammation as 'common soil' of heart and lung disease.
Coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic heart failure (CHF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) occur commonly in the presence of each other and are associated with similar systemic inflammatory reactions. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. C-reactive protein (CRP) could represent the sentinel biomarker to all chronic diseases. Also, interleukin (IL)-6 may play a causal role in systemic inflammatory diseases. These complex interactions between heart and lung can be denoted as 'cardiopulmonary continuum'. Common risk factors induce systemic inflammatory processes which lead to progression of atherosclerotic diseases as well as COPD.
Ukena
Christian
C
Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany. Electronic address: Christian.Ukena@UKS.eu.
Mahfoud
Felix
F
Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Kindermann
Michael
M
Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Kindermann
Ingrid
I
Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Bals
Robert
R
Klinik für Innere Medizin V, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Voors
Adriaan A
AA
University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
van Veldhuisen
Dirk J
DJ
University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Böhm
Michael
M
Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
D000818:Animals; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology