title: Intravenous delivery of the plasma fraction of stored packed erythrocytes promotes pancreatic cancer growth in immunocompetent mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perioperative blood transfusion in pancreatic cancer patients has been linked to decreased survival; however, a causal mechanism has not been determined. During the processing and storage of packed erythrocytes, biologically active molecules accumulated in the acellular plasma fraction; therefore, the authors hypothesized that the plasma fraction of stored packed erythrocytes promoted tumor progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proliferation and migration of murine pancreatic cancer and control cells were determined in vitro in response to the plasma fraction from leukocyte and nonleukocyte-reduced fresh versus stored packed erythrocytes. Last, an immunocompetent murine model was used to assess the effect of the plasma fraction of stored and processed packed erythrocytes on pancreatic cancer progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incubation of pancreatic cancer cells with the plasma fraction of packed erythrocytes increased proliferation and migration. Intravenous delivery of the acellular plasma fraction to mice with pancreatic cancer significantly increased the tumor weight in both leukocyte-reduced and nonleukocyte-reduced packed-erythrocyte groups (P<.01), although tumor growth and morbidity were greatest in the nonleukocyte-reduced group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The plasma fraction of stored packed erythrocytes promoted murine pancreatic cancer proliferation and migration in vitro and when administered intravenously, significantly augmented pancreatic cancer growth in immunocompetent mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado 80204-0206, USA. carlton.barnett@dhha.org
authors.forename: Carlton C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Adam W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Shane E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: Marguerite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kehler
authors.forename: Marie K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Schluterman
authors.forename: Rolf A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Brekken
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Silliman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016913:Blood Component Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D051379:Mice; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry*