A numerical guide to the solution of the bi-domain equations of cardiac electrophysiology.
Simulation of cardiac electrical activity using the bi-domain equations can be a massively computationally demanding problem. This study provides a comprehensive guide to numerical bi-domain modelling. Each component of bi-domain simulations--discretization, ODE-solution, linear system solution, and parallelization--is discussed, and previously-used methods are reviewed, new methods are proposed, and issues which cause particular difficulty are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the choice of stimulus currents, compatibility conditions for the equations, the solution of singular linear systems, and convergence of the numerical scheme.
Pathmanathan
Pras
P
Oxford University Computing Laboratory, Wolfson Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX13QD, UK. pras@comlab.ox.ac.uk
Bernabeu
Miguel O
MO
Bordas
Rafel
R
Cooper
Jonathan
J
Garny
Alan
A
Pitt-Francis
Joe M
JM
Whiteley
Jonathan P
JP
Gavaghan
David J
DJ
D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular