title: DNA damage and effects on glutathione-S-transferase activity induced by atrazine exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: This study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-S-triazine) on the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and DNA damage in males and females of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were exposed to control and three treatments (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/L) of atrazine for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days. The results indicated that, for males, the GST activity at lower atrazine concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 mg/L) was markedly higher than that of the controls throughout the duration of the experiment while there was a significant inhibition of the GST activity at 1 mg/L atrazine at days 5 and 20. For females, a significant increase was detected at 0.1 mg/L on the days 5 and 15 and at 0.01 mg/L on day 20. The DNA damage in zebrafish was evaluated using the comet assay; the olive tail moments obtained for hepatopancreas were enhanced after treatment with different concentrations of atrazine on days 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25. The DNA damage increased with increasing atrazine concentrations, indicating that genotoxicity of atrazine and significant differences was found compared to the controls. In conclusion, these findings provide further evidence of the effects of atrazine on aquatic ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China. lushzhu@sdau.edu.cn
authors.forename: Lusheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Changwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine / Q000633:toxicity*; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D043143:Hepatopancreas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D001280:Atrazine