title: Systematics of the subfamily Danioninae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae).
abstract: The members of the cyprinid subfamily Danioninae form a diverse and scientifically important group of fishes, which includes the zebrafish, Danio rerio. The diversity of this assemblage has attracted much scientific interest but its monophyly and the relationships among its members are poorly understood. The phylogenetic relationships of the Danioninae are examined herein using sequence data from mitochondrial cytochrome b, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I, nuclear opsin, and nuclear recombination activating gene 1. A combined data matrix of 4117 bp for 270 taxa was compiled and analyzed. The resulting topology supports some conclusions drawn by recent studies on the group and certain portions of the traditional classification, but our results also contradict key aspects of the traditional classification. The subfamily Danioninae is not monophyletic, with putative members scattered throughout Cyprinidae. Therefore, we restrict Danioninae to the monophyletic group that includes the following genera: Amblypharyngodon, Barilius, Cabdio, Chela, Chelaethiops, Danio, Danionella, Devario (including Inlecypris), Esomus, Horadandia, Laubuca, Leptocypris, Luciosoma, Malayochela, Microdevario, Microrasbora, Nematabramis, Neobola, Opsaridium, Opsarius, Paedocypris, Pectenocypris, Raiamas, Rasbora (including Boraras and Trigonostigma), Rasboroides, Salmostoma, Securicula, and Sundadanio. This Danioninae sensu stricto is divided into three major lineages, the tribes Chedrini, Danionini, and Rasborini, where Chedrini is sister to a Danionini-Rasborini clade. Each of these tribes is monophyletic, following the restriction of Danioninae. The tribe Chedrini includes a clade of exclusively African species and contains several genera of uncertain monophyly (Opsarius, Raiamas, Salmostoma). Within the tribe Rasborini, the species-rich genus Rasbora is rendered non-monophyletic by the placement of two monophyletic genera, Boraras and Trigonostigma, hence we synonymize those two genera with Rasbora. In the tribe Danionini, the miniature genus Danionella is recovered as the sister group of Danio, with D. nigrofasciatus sister to D. rerio.
authors.affiliation: Saint Louis University, Department of Biology, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA. tangkl@slu.edu
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Agnew
authors.forename: M Vincent
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Hirt
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sado
authors.forename: Leah M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freyhof
authors.forename: Zohrah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: Chavalit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vidthayanon
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miya
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Mayden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial