title: Feeding purified glycerol from biodiesel to CBA/CA mice: effects on Gadd45a and Nfkappab1 expressions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The turn towards renewable energy sources has increased the production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil, leaving glycerol as a valuable by-product. Several studies have evaluated this product in feed for poultry, swine and ruminants. We investigated the effect of these glycerol products on the expression of DNA damage-inducible genes in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  CBA/CA mice were administered two different purified glycerol products (SZME2, SZME3) for 3, 6 and 24 hours. After dietary exposure, gene expressions of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells 1 (NFkb1) and growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 alpha (Gadd45a) were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SZME2 induced a down-regulation of the two genes in all investigated organs, including the bone marrow in both genders. After administration of SZME3, up-regulation of the two genes was observed in bone marrow in males, and the up-regulation of Gadd45a in liver, also in males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based upon our data, SZME3, which contains glycerol of higher purification, did not induce down-regulation in genes which are involved in apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Szigeti str. 12., 7624 Hungary. eszter.szele@gmail.com
authors.forename: Eszter
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szele
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gombos
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ember
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D056804:Biofuels; D001681:Biological Assay; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002273:Carcinogens; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005990:Glycerol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D002273:Carcinogens; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D005990:Glycerol; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C499072:Gadd45a protein, mouse; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins