title: Multiple aspects of sexual orientation: prevalence and sociodemographic correlates in a New Zealand national survey.
abstract: Sexual orientation consists of multiple components. This study investigated both sexual identity and same-sex sexual behavior. Data came from the New Zealand Mental Health Survey, a nationally representative community sample of New Zealanders aged 16 years or older, interviewed face-to-face (N = 12,992, 48% male). The response rate was 73.3%. Self-reported sexual identity was 98.0% heterosexual, 0.6% bisexual, 0.8% homosexual, 0.3% "Something else," and 0.1% "Not sure." Same-sex sexual behavior with a partner was more common: 3.2% reported same-sex sexual experience only and 1.9% reported both experience and a relationship. For analysis of childhood and lifecourse, five sexuality groups were investigated: homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual divided into those with no same-sex sexual experience, experience only, and experience and relationship. The non-exclusively heterosexual groups were more likely to have experienced adverse events in childhood. Educational achievement and current equivalized household income did not differ systematically across the sexuality groups. Only 9.4% of the exclusively heterosexual lived alone, compared with 16.7% of bisexuals and 19.0% of homosexuals. Heterosexuals were more likely than bisexuals or homosexuals to have ever married or had biological children, with differences more marked for males than for females. Heterosexuals with no same-sex sexual experience were more likely to be currently married than the other two heterosexual groups. Restricting comparisons to heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual identification ignores the diversity within heterosexuals. Differences between the bisexual and homosexual groups were small compared with the differences between these groups and the exclusively heterosexual group, except for sex (80.8% of bisexuals were female).
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand. elisabeth.wells@otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: J Elisabeth
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Magnus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.forename: Annette L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Beautrais
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D015438:Health Behavior; D020010:Heterosexuality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006716:Homosexuality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology; D012847:Single Person / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult