title: Projections of the effects of climate change on allergic asthma: the contribution of aerobiology.
abstract: Climate change is unequivocal and represents a possible threat for patients affected by allergic conditions. It has already had an impact on living organisms, including plants and fungi with current scenarios projecting further effects by the end of the century. Over the last three decades, studies have shown changes in production, dispersion and allergen content of pollen and spores, which may be region- and species-specific. In addition, these changes may have been influenced by urban air pollutants interacting directly with pollen. Data suggest an increasing effect of aeroallergens on allergic patients over this period, which may also imply a greater likelihood of the development of an allergic respiratory disease in sensitized subjects and exacerbation of symptomatic patients. There are a number of limitations that make predictions uncertain, and further and specifically designed studies are needed to clarify current effects and future scenarios. We recommend: More stress on pollen/spore exposure in the diagnosis and treatment guidelines of respiratory and allergic diseases; collection of aerobiological data in a structured way at the European level; creation, promotion and support of multidisciplinary research teams in this area; lobbying the European Union and other funders to finance this research.
authors.affiliation: Interdepartmental Centre of Bioclimatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. lorenzo.cecchi@unifi.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cecchi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Amato
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ayres
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forastiere
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Forsberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerritsen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Behrendt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akdis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Annesi-Maesano
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000276:immunology; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D005060:Europe; D005658:Fungi / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D063245:Plant Development; D010944:Plants / Q000276:immunology; D011058:Pollen / Q000276:immunology*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000485:Allergens