title: Comparison of hesperetin and its metabolites for cholesterol-lowering and antioxidative efficacy in hypercholesterolemic hamsters.
abstract: This study was performed to compare the hypolipidemic and antioxidant efficacy of hesperetin and its metabolites in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. The hamsters were fed a high-fat (10% coconut oil and 0.2% cholesterol, wt/wt) diet or a high-fat diet supplemented with hesperetin (0.02%) or hesperetin metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (DHPP) (0.012%) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (ferulic acid) (0.013%), for 12 weeks. Dietary DHPP and ferulic acid were found to have significantly decreased the levels of the plasma total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein B, hepatic lipids, and cholesterol-regulating enzymes compared to the control group. In particular, ferulic acid was more potent with respect to raising HDL-C/total cholesterol ratio and paraoxonase levels while decreasing atherogenic index values. Hesperetin and its metabolites seemed to enhance antioxidant capacity by lowering the hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxide (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substrates) levels. Among the hesperetin metabolites tested, the relative potency of ferulic acid for reducing the risks of atherosclerosis in hamsters was found to be greater.
authors.affiliation: Foods R&D, CJ Cheiljedang Corp, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seon-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yun-Young
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Eun-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jin Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Myung-Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D003373:Coumaric Acids; C000995:3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid; D002784:Cholesterol; C004999:ferulic acid; D006569:Hesperidin; C013015:hesperetin