title: Patients with coronary, cerebrovascular or peripheral arterial obstructive disease differ in risk for new vascular events and mortality: the SMART study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atherosclerosis causes coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD) or peripheral arterial obstructive disease (PAOD). The risk of new vascular events and mortality is high. Direct comparisons of vascular event rates are scarce.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vascular risk factors and outcome events of 3563 patients from a university hospital presenting with nondisabling CAD, CVD or PAOD were compared with regression analyses, adjusted for age and sex (median follow-up, 3.9 years). The primary outcome was the composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and vascular death. The risk among the three groups of outcomes was compared using the Cox regression analysis. At baseline, CAD patients were the most obese; PAOD patients smoked the most and suffered more often from hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. The average rate of vascular events was 2.5% per year; the hazard ratio (HR) of CVD/CAD was 1.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-2.2] and PAOD/CAD was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.5-2.0). PAOD patients had a higher risk for coronary events than CAD (HR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.1). Patients with CVD or PAOD had a higher risk for major bleeding than CAD patients (HR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4-3.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with a recent CVD or PAOD have almost twice the risk for future vascular events than those with CAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sefanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Achterberg
authors.forename: Maarten J M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: L Jaap
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kappelle
authors.forename: Gert Jan
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: de Borst
authors.forename: Frank L J
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Visseren
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van der Graaf
authors.forename: Ale
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Algra
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012008:Recurrence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors