title: Tyrosinemia type 1: metastatic hepatoblastoma with a favorable outcome.
abstract: The clinical course of tyrosinemia type 1 is characterized by acute liver failure in infancy or chronic liver dysfunction and renal Fanconi syndrome in late-presenting cases. Dietary treatment may improve liver function but does not prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in late childhood. A new treatment strategy that uses 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC), which prevents the production of toxic/carcinogenic metabolites, has dramatically changed the outcome of the disease by reducing the occurrence of liver cancer, especially in patients who start this treatment before the age of 2 years. We report here the case of a patient with a diagnosis of tyrosinemia type 1 at 5 months of age who was treated with NTBC and dietary restriction and in whom a liver neoplasm with lung metastases, histologically determined to be HCC, was found at the age of 15 months. A conservative approach that consisted of chemotherapy and partial hepatectomy resulted in a 12-year disease-free period. The excellent postchemotherapy course, in sharp contrast to the expected course of HCC, led to histologic reevaluation with reclassification of the neoplasm as hepatoblastoma. A diagnosis of hepatoblastoma would no longer be a mandate for a liver transplant for patients with tyrosinemia type 1 undergoing NTBC treatment. We encourage clinicians to perform more accurate evaluation of liver histology, because a neoplastic mass in a child with tyrosinemia type 1 is not the same as HCC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nobili
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jenkner
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Francalanci
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holme
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Callea
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dionisi-Vici
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003512:Cyclohexanones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods; D018197:Hepatoblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D009579:Nitrobenzoates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020176:Tyrosinemias / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D003512:Cyclohexanones; D009579:Nitrobenzoates; C077073:nitisinone