title: Contributions of dry and wet depositions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans to a contaminated site resulting from a penetachlorophenol manufacturing process.
abstract: The soils at a factory for manufacturing pentachlorophenol were heavily contaminated by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). In order to verify the contributions of dry and wet deposition of PCDD/Fs from the ambient air, the concentration of PCDD/Fs in ambient air and soil were measured, the partition of particle- and gas-phases of atmospheric PCDD/Fs was calculated, and the annual fluxes of total dry and wet PCDD/F depositions were modeled. Average atmospheric PCDD/F concentration was 1.24 ng Nm(-3) (or 0.0397 ng I-TEQ Nm(-3)). Moreover, over 92.8% of total PCDD/Fs were in the particle phase, and the dominant species were high chlorinated congeners. The total PCDD/F fluxes of dry and wet deposition were 119.5 ng m(-2) year(-1) (1.34 ng I-TEQ m(-2) year(-1)) and 82.0 ng m(-2) year(-1) (1.07 ng I-TEQ m(-2) year(-1)), respectively. By scenario simulation, the total fluxes of dry and wet PCDD/F depositions were 87.1 and 68.6 ng I-TEQ, respectively. However, the estimated PCDD/F contents in the contaminated soil were 839.9 μ g I-TEQ. Hence, the contributions of total depositions of atmospheric PCDD/F were only 0.02%. The results indicated that the major sources of PCDD/F for the contaminated soil could be attributed to the pentachlorophenol manufacturing process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hwang J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shizoom
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ya F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hsing W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lin C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D010416:Pentachlorophenol; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; C023614:dibenzofuran; D010416:Pentachlorophenol