title: Ca(2+) channel blocker benidipine promotes coronary angiogenesis and reduces both left-ventricular diastolic stiffness and mortality in hypertensive rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The beneficial cardiac effects of some Ca(2+) channel blockers have been attributed to blood pressure reduction, but these pleiotropic effects require further investigation. We compared the effects of benidipine, which has beneficial cardiac effects, and nitrendipine, which does not, in an animal model of hypertensive diastolic heart failure (DHF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed a high-salt diet from age 7 weeks to induce hypertension and were either vehicle or orally administered benidipine (3 mg/kg daily) or nitrendipine (10 mg/kg daily) from age 10 to 18 weeks. Control rats were maintained on a low-salt diet. In vehicle-treated rats, left-ventricular (LV) fractional shortening was preserved but LV end-diastolic pressure was increased, indicative of DHF. Benidipine and nitrendipine had similar antihypertensive effects and reduced both LV weight and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Benidipine reduced LV diastolic stiffness and mortality to a greater extent than did nitrendipine. Benidipine, but not nitrendipine, also reduced lung weight. The extent of interstitial fibrosis and the abundance of mRNAs for prohypertrophic, profibrotic, or proinflammatory genes in the left ventricle were reduced by benidipine and nitrendipine. Benidipine, but not nitrendipine, increased capillary density and restored the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the left ventricle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benidipine reduced LV diastolic stiffness and increased survival, effects likely attributable predominantly to promotion of coronary angiogenesis rather than to attenuation of interstitial fibrosis. Benidipine may thus be more effective than purely L-type Ca(2+) channel blockers in preventing hypertensive DHF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Xian Wu
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Zhehu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Kohzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirashiki
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Kyosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Izawa
authors.forename: Guo-Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuzuya
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Toyoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murohara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D009568:Nitrendipine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D020303:Rats, Inbred Dahl
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; C061004:benidipine; D009568:Nitrendipine