title: Reconstruction of normal sounding speech for laryngectomy patients through a modified CELP codec.
abstract: Whispered speech can be useful for quiet and private communication, and is the primary means of unaided spoken communication for many people experiencing voice-box deficiencies. Patients who have undergone partial or full laryngectomy are typically unable to speak anything more than hoarse whispers, without the aid of prostheses or specialized speaking techniques. Each of the current prostheses and rehabilitative methods for post-laryngectomized patients (primarily oesophageal speech, tracheo-esophageal puncture, and electrolarynx) have particular disadvantages, prompting new work on nonsurgical, noninvasive alternative solutions. One such solution, described in this paper, combines whisper signal analysis with direct formant insertion and speech modification located outside the vocal tract. This approach allows laryngectomy patients to regain their ability to speak with a more natural voice than alternative methods, by whispering into an external prosthesis, which then, recreates and outputs natural-sounding speech. It relies on the observation that while the pitch-generation mechanism of laryngectomy patients is damaged or unusable, the remaining components of the speech production apparatus may be largely unaffected. This paper presents analysis and reconstruction methods designed for the prosthesis, and demonstrates their ability to obtain natural-sounding speech from the whisper-speech signal using an external analysis-by-synthesis processing framework.
authors.affiliation: School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798. hami0003@ntu.edu.sg
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Sharifzadeh
authors.forename: Ian V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: McLoughlin
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D007831:Larynx, Artificial; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013060:Speech; D013071:Speech, Alaryngeal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods