title: Determination of malachite green and crystal violet in processed fish products.
abstract: This paper presents analysis of malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV) residues in processed fish products. Samples were homogenized and extracted with ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile. The extracted residues were partitioned into dichloromethane, in situ oxidized to chromic forms with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, and cleaned up on neutral alumina and propylsulfonic acid cation-exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. MG and CV were determined at 618 and 588 nm using HPLC with a visible detector (LC-VIS) and confirmed by LC-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The recoveries were as follows: MG (74.8-83.8%), LMG (80.0-88.4%), CV (68.6-73.9%), and LCV (85.5-90.0%). The method modified in this study has been evaluated by application in-house to a survey of 253 processed fish products. As a result of monitoring, MG and CV were positive in one shrimp and one eel sample, respectively. Our results showed that regular monitoring of these antibiotic residues is recommended for protection of public health.
authors.affiliation: Imported Food Analysis Division, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Incheon 402-835, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Bae
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hee Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Sung Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Mi Sun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyun Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soon Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Meehye
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005396:Fish Products / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005511:Food Handling; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods*; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C005095:malachite green; C475159:leucocrystal violet; C015320:leucomalachite green; D005840:Gentian Violet