title: Idiopathic paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia in Malaysia, a multi-racial Southeast Asian country.
abstract: Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia is a rare disorder, and there are few reports of Asian patients with this condition. We reviewed the clinical features of all patients with idiopathic paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) seen at a major neurological centre in Malaysia. The charts of 11 patients with idiopathic PKD seen between 1995 and 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. The male:female ratio was 9:2. Ten patients were of Chinese ethnicity, and one was Malay. Three patients (from two families) had a family history of PKD. The involuntary movement was dystonia in 73% of patients. In one patient, attacks were precipitated by vestibular stimulation. One patient had generalized epilepsy. Another patient who did not have epilepsy demonstrated epileptiform discharges. Only slightly over one-quarter of patients had a positive family history. Males, and people of Chinese ancestry, seem to be affected more frequently by PKD in certain Asian populations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. sharon@ummc.edu.my
authors.forename: Mei-Ling Sharon
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Shen-Yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Chong Tin
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D002819:Chorea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male