title: High resolution mapping of trypanosomosis resistance loci Tir2 and Tir3 using F12 advanced intercross lines with major locus Tir1 fixed for the susceptible allele.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trypanosomosis is the most economically important disease constraint to livestock productivity in Africa. A number of trypanotolerant cattle breeds are found in West Africa, and identification of the genes conferring trypanotolerance could lead to effective means of genetic selection for trypanotolerance. In this context, high resolution mapping in mouse models are a promising approach to identifying the genes associated with trypanotolerance. In previous studies, using F2 C57BL/6J x A/J and C57BL/6J x BALB/cJ mouse resource populations, trypanotolerance QTL were mapped within a large genomic intervals of 20-40 cM to chromosomes MMU17, 5 and 1, and denoted Tir1, Tir2 and Tir3 respectively. Subsequently, using F6 C57BL/6J x A/J and C57BL/6J x BALB/cJ F6 advanced intercross lines (AIL), Tir1 was fine mapped to a confidence interval (CI) of less than 1 cM, while Tir2 and Tir3, were mapped within 5-12 cM. Tir1 represents the major trypanotolerance QTL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In order to improve map resolutions of Tir2 and Tir3, an F12 C57BL/6J x A/J AIL population fixed for the susceptible alleles at Tir1 QTL was generated. An F12 C57BL/6J x A/J AIL population, fixed for the resistant alleles at Tir1 QTL was also generated to provide an additional estimate of the gene effect of Tir1. The AIL populations homozygous for the resistant and susceptible Tir1 alleles and the parental controls were challenged with T. congolense and followed for survival times over 180 days. Mice from the two survival extremes of the F12 AIL population fixed for the susceptible alleles at Tir1 were genotyped with a dense panel of microsatellite markers spanning the Tir2 and Tir3 genomic regions and QTL mapping was performed. Tir2 was fine mapped to less than 1 cM CI while Tir3 was mapped to three intervals named Tir3a, Tir3b and Tir3c with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 6, 7.2 and 2.2 cM, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mapped QTL regions encompass genes that are vital to innate immune response and can be potential candidate genes for the underlying QTL.
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Joseph K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Nganga
authors.forename: Morris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soller
authors.forename: Fuad A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Iraqi
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D005260:Female; D056426:Genetic Loci / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D014352:Trypanosomiasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*