title: Meat standards and grading: a world view.
abstract: This paper addresses the principles relating to meat standards and grading of beef and advances the concept that potential exists to achieve significant desirable change from adopting more consumer focused systems within accurate value-based payment frameworks. The paper uses the definitions that classification is a set of descriptive terms describing features of the carcass that are useful to those involved in the trading of carcasses, whereas grading is the placing of different values on carcasses for pricing purposes, depending on the market and requirements of traders. A third definition is consumer grading, which refers to grading systems that seek to define or predict consumer satisfaction with a cooked meal. The development of carcass classification and grading schemes evolved from a necessity to describe the carcass using standard terms to facilitate trading. The growth in world trade of meat and meat products and the transition from trading carcasses to marketing individual meal portions raises the need for an international language that can service contemporary needs. This has in part been addressed by the United Nations promoting standard languages on carcasses, cuts, trim levels and cutting lines. Currently no standards exist for describing consumer satisfaction. Recent Meat Standards Australia (MSA) research in Australia, Korea, Ireland, USA, Japan and South Africa showed that consumers across diverse cultures and nationalities have a remarkably similar view of beef eating quality, which could be used to underpin an international language on palatability. Consumer research on the willingness to pay for eating quality shows that consumers will pay higher prices for better eating quality grades and generally this was not affected by demographic or meat preference traits of the consumer. In Australia the MSA eating quality grading system has generated substantial premiums to retailers, wholesalers and to the producer. Future grading schemes which measure both carcass yield and eating quality have the potential to underpin the development and implementation of transparent value-based payment systems which will encourage improved production efficiency throughout the supply chain.
authors.affiliation: Marrinya Pty Ltd, Wuk Wuk, Victoria 3875, Australia. rod.polkinghorne@gmail.com
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Polkinghorne
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003258:Consumer Behavior / Q000191:economics; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D008462:Meat-Packing Industry / Q000191:economics* / Q000639:trends; D011786:Quality Control; D012677:Sensation; D009626:Terminology as Topic