title: Rational design of an orthogonal tryptophanyl nonsense suppressor tRNA.
abstract: While a number of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS):tRNA pairs have been engineered to alter or expand the genetic code, only the Methanococcus jannaschii tyrosyl tRNA synthetase and tRNA have been used extensively in bacteria, limiting the types and numbers of unnatural amino acids that can be utilized at any one time to expand the genetic code. In order to expand the number and type of aaRS/tRNA pairs available for engineering bacterial genetic codes, we have developed an orthogonal tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase and tRNA pair, derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the process of developing an amber suppressor tRNA, we discovered that the Escherichia coli lysyl tRNA synthetase was responsible for misacylating the initial amber suppressor version of the yeast tryptophanyl tRNA. It was discovered that modification of the G:C content of the anticodon stem and therefore reducing the structural flexibility of this stem eliminated misacylation by the E. coli lysyl tRNA synthetase, and led to the development of a functional, orthogonal suppressor pair that should prove useful for the incorporation of bulky, unnatural amino acids into the genetic code. Our results provide insight into the role of tRNA flexibility in molecular recognition and the engineering and evolution of tRNA specificity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
authors.forename: Randall A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ellington
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012364:RNA, Transfer, Trp / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D013489:Suppression, Genetic; D046249:Transfer RNA Aminoacylation; D014369:Tryptophan-tRNA Ligase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D012364:RNA, Transfer, Trp; D014369:Tryptophan-tRNA Ligase