title: A Y-shaped RNA structure in the 3' untranslated region together with the trans-activator and core promoter of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus RNA2 is required for its negative-strand RNA synthesis.
abstract: Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) is a positive-strand RNA virus with a bipartite genome. RNA1 encodes N-terminally overlapping replication proteins, p27 and p88. RNA2 is replicated efficiently by the replication proteins supplied in trans, whereas RNA1 needs p88 preferentially in cis for its replication. cis-Acting elements required for RNA2 replication have been mapped to the 3' terminal stem-loop structure conserved between RNA1 and RNA2, and to the protein-coding region including the trans-activator. Here, we have identified a Y-shaped RNA structure with three-way RNA junctions predicted in the 3' untranslated region of RNA2 as a novel element required for negative-strand synthesis using an in vitro translation/replication system. We also show that, in addition to the 3' terminal core promoter, several RNA elements including the trans-activator are also required for negative-strand synthesis. Functional roles and structural requirements of these cis-acting elements in RCNMV RNA replication are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Mengnan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Hiro-oki
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Iwakawa
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mine
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaido
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mise
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuno
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019183:Tombusviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014764:Viral Proteins