title: Low-dose irradiation improves microbial quality and shelf life of fresh mint (Mentha piperita L.) without compromising visual quality.
abstract: The effects of low-dose irradiation (0.25 to 2 kGy) and postirradiation storage (at 4 degrees C) on microbial and visual quality, color values (L*, a*, b*, chroma, and hue [ degrees ]), and chlorophyll content (Chl a, Chl b, and total Chl) of fresh mint were evaluated. Samples inoculated with E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and MS2 bacteriophage were irradiated and evaluated. E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella populations were reduced by 2 to 2.4, 3.5, and 5.8 log CFU/g, respectively, 1 d after treatment with 0.25, 0.60, and 1 kGy, respectively, and were completely eliminated at 2 kGy. None of the irradiation doses (P < 0.0001) reduced MS2 bacteriophage populations by more than 0.60 log PFU/g. Irradiation doses did not affect visual quality and samples remained of excellent to good quality (score 7.75 to 9) for up to 9 d of storage. Irradiation at 0.60, 1, and 2 kGy increased (P < 0.0001) Chl a, Chl b, and total Chl. Both total Chl and Chl a decreased significantly after 3 d of storage. Significant decreases in Chl b were not observed until day 12 of storage. Color values (L*, b*, and chroma) were not significantly different until day 6 of storage and hue ( degrees ) remained unchanged (179 degrees ) for the entire storage period of 12 d. Overall, irradiation did not change L*, a*, b*, or chroma. These results demonstrate that irradiation of fresh mint at 2 kGy has the potential to improve its microbial quality and extend its shelf life without compromising its visual quality and color.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mints and other raw fresh herbs are widely used for flavoring as well as garnish in a variety of dishes without further cooking. However, mint is one considered as one of the high-risk herbs when it comes to microbial contamination. We have evaluated the use of gamma irradiation treatment at very low doses ranging from 0 to 2 kGy to eliminate seeded Salmonella spp, E. coli O157:H7, and MS2 bacteriophage, a surrogate of hepatitis A virus. We found that low-dose irradiation (1.0 to 2.0 kGy) appears to be a promising method for improving the microbiological quality of fresh mint without compromising its visual and color attributes. This method may be applied to many popular fresh culinary herbs that are commonly used as garnishes in Asian cuisine.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0310, USA.
authors.forename: Wei-Yea
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Amarat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simonne
authors.forename: Pongphen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jitareerat
authors.forename: Maurice R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000032:analysis / Q000528:radiation effects; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects; D005511:Food Handling; D005514:Food Irradiation / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D005720:Gamma Rays; D030041:Hepatitis A virus / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D017909:Levivirus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects; D036142:Mentha piperita / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000528:radiation effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011786:Quality Control; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects; D012677:Sensation; D013997:Time Factors; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay
chemical_list: D002734:Chlorophyll