title: Both vascular endothelial growth factor and soluble Flt-1 are increased in type 2 diabetes but not in impaired fasting glucose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inadequate vascular remodeling is contributory to increased cardiovascular events in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its regulatory molecule soluble Flt-1(sFlt-1) play important roles in atherogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured fasting plasma concentrations of VEGF and sFlt-1 in 11 nondiabetic (ND) (aged 46.1 +/- 2.1 years; body mass index [BMI], 26.1 +/- 0.9 kg/m; glucose, 5.0 +/- 0.1 mM), 15 IFG (aged 52.9 +/- 1.8 years; BMI, 32.7 +/- 1.3 kg/m; glucose, 6.4 +/- 0.1 mM), and 8 DM (aged 55.8 +/- 3.2 years; BMI, 30.0 +/- 1.0 kg/m; glucose, 9.3 +/- 0.5 mM) subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma VEGF (42.1 +/- 4.0 vs 24.2 +/- 0.9 vs 29.4 +/- 3.8 pg/mL, respectively) and sFlt-1 (119.4 +/- 4.9 vs 58.9 +/- 3.2 vs 56.7 +/- 1.2 pg/mL, respectively) concentrations were higher (P < 0.04) in DM than IFG and ND subjects. Whereas VEGF concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in IFG than in ND subjects, sFlt-1 concentrations did not differ between the IFG and ND subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although plasma VEGF concentrations were higher (35%) in DM than in ND subjects, VEGF action on vascular remodeling was likely attenuated by higher sFlt-1 concentrations in DM. In contrast, IFG subjects did not have major perturbations in either VEGF or sFlt-1 levels. Further studies defining the roles of these mediators in DM and IFG are necessary to extend these observations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Debashis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nandy
authors.forename: Debabrata
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.forename: Ananda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basu
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012995:Solubility; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C501162:FLT1 protein, human; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1