title: Symptoms and treatment-seeking responses in women experiencing acute coronary syndrome for the first time.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many women do not recognize their risk for coronary heart disease, or identify and respond to cardiac symptoms by seeking medical assistance when symptoms occur. These factors contribute to delays in presentation at hospital, which means that women then have fewer treatment options. This study aimed to describe women's symptom experiences and treatment-seeking responses to first-time acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten women who had experienced their first ACS event, and who had undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention within 24 hours of presentation, consented to participate in semistructured interviews that focused on their experiences. These women's narratives of their symptoms and treatment-seeking responses were thematically analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women described several issues that contributed to quite complex, multifaceted decision-making processes, from symptom onset to treatment-seeking response, which often contributed to delays. These issues included the occurrence of sometimes intermittent early-warning or prodromal symptoms, the diversity of their symptom experience, beliefs in low vulnerability to coronary heart disease by the women themselves, and health professionals' responses, which did not always match their needs. Lack of awareness may be particularly important in first-time ACS event. Effective strategies need to be developed to address these issues, including public-education campaigns, and specific education regarding women for health professionals.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery, and Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Robyn.Gallagher@uts.edu.au
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Andrea P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Murray J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008875:Middle Aged; D033262:Narration; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors