title: Adjuvant radiotherapy following total mesorectal excision for stage IIA rectal cancer: is it beneficial?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with stage IIA (T3N0) rectal cancer following total mesorectal excision (TME) is controversial. We evaluated the effect of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) versus chemotherapy (CT) alone on the local recurrence and survival of patients with stage IIA rectal cancer after TME.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1996 and 2004, patients with stage IIA rectal cancer who received adjuvant CT (n = 29) or CRT (n = 122) following TME were enrolled. Oncologic outcomes were compared between groups, and risk factors for local recurrence and overall survival rates were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up period was 78 months. No significant differences were observed in the 5-year local recurrence (3.4% versus 9.0%; P = 0.348) or 5-year overall survival rates (86.2% versus 80.3%; P = 0.924) between CT and CRT. However, involvement of the circumferential resection margin and age >60 years were associated with adverse oncologic outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional postoperative radiotherapy did not alter local recurrence or survival after TME in patients with stage IIA rectal cancer. Postoperative radiation may be an overtreatment as an adjuvant therapy in patients with stage IIA rectal cancer if they had no other risk factors. However, randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm this suggestion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Nam Kyu
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung Soh
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Hyuk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Joong Bae
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Ki Chang
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Keum
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis