title: Hypoxia and perfusion labeling during photodynamic therapy.
abstract: The development of tumor hypoxia during illumination for photodynamic therapy (PDT) can negatively affect treatment outcome. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of this hypoxia may impact the balance between tumor cell damage and vascular damage as mechanisms of photodynamic effect. The hypoxia markers EF3 [(2-(2-nitroimidazol-1 [H]-yl)-N-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)acetamide)] or EF5 [(2-(2-nitroimidazol-1 [H]-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)acetamide)] can provide a quantitative description of the intratumor distribution of hypoxia during PDT. In vivo perfusion labeling coupled with immunohistochemical staining for vascular structure can provide accompanying information on the status of tumor blood flow at treatment conclusion. Taken together these data can be used to access the relative spatial distributions of hypoxia and perfusion during PDT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Theresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Busch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001775:Blood Circulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D017323:Dihematoporphyrin Ether / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D009593:Nitroimidazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016707:Tissue Fixation
chemical_list: C438056:2-(2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)-N-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-acetamide; D015415:Biomarkers; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D017323:Dihematoporphyrin Ether