title: Circadian rhythms in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Circadian rhythms with regard to time of symptom onset for patients with acute myocardial infarction have been observed, although their relationship to outcomes has been debated. We evaluated these rhythms in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction as a function of the 24-hour circadian cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relationship between onset of symptoms during the 24-hour circadian cycle and prehospital delays from symptom onset to hospital arrival, timeliness of reperfusion, and in-hospital death was assessed in 2143 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction presenting from 2004-2008 at 1 of 3 tertiary-care healthcare ST-elevation myocardial infarction systems. There was a significant association between time of onset and the circadian cycle, with the greatest percentage (39%) of patients experiencing onset between 8 AM and 3 PM (P<0.001). Time of onset was associated with prehospital delay and timeliness of reperfusion. Patients with onset from 12 AM to 5:59 AM had median prehospital delays of 121 minutes versus 70 minutes from 12 PM to 5:59 PM (P<0.001). Patients with onset time from 12 AM to 5:59 AM had median door-to-balloon times of 75 minutes versus 60 minutes from 6 AM to 11:59 AM (P<0.001). Using multivariable modeling to control for baseline patient characteristics, prehospital delay, and timeliness of reperfusion, there was no significant association between time of symptom onset with in-hospital death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction exhibit significant circadian patterns in symptom onset, prehospital delay, and timeliness of reperfusion. Patients who develop symptoms from 12 AM to 5:59 AM present with longer prehospital delays and have longer door-to-balloon times. After multivariable adjustment, there was no significant association between circadian patterns of time of onset and in-hospital death.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. holmes.david@mayo.edu
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Frank V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Aguirre
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aplin
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nestler
authors.forename: Malcolm R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Charanjit S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rihal
authors.forename: Henry H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ting
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017130:Angioplasty; D053840:Brugada Syndrome; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy