title: Solvent-free functionalization of silicone rubber and efficacy of PAAm brushes grafted from an amino-PPX layer against bacterial adhesion.
abstract: Silicone rubber is a frequently employed biomaterial that is prone to bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. In this study, the surface of silicone rubber was solvent-free functionalized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of poly(o-amino-p-xylylene-co-p-xylylene (amino-PPX). Subsequently, the amino groups of the amino-PPX layer were used to introduce the initiator from a vapor phase for atom transfer radical polymerization of acrylamide to form polyacrylamide (PAAm) brushes. The modification steps were verified by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600 and Escherichia coli 3.14 to an amino-PPX-PAAm brush coating in a parallel plate flow chamber was strongly reduced with respect to non-coated silicone rubber - by 93% and 99%, respectively. For E. coli 3.14, this reduction is larger than that obtained for solvent functionalization of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-PAAm brushes due to the higher density of amino groups introduced by the CVD of amino-PPX.
authors.affiliation: Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Polymer Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fundeanu
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klee
authors.forename: Arend J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: Henk J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Busscher
authors.forename: Henny C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: van der Mei
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D007700:Kinetics; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D000099166:Polyacrylamides
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D011108:Polymers; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D012997:Solvents; D000099166:Polyacrylamides; C554824:poly(o-amino-p-xylylene-co-p-xylylene)