title: Multi-laboratory validation of a standard method for quantifying proanthocyanidins in cranberry powders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to validate an improved 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) colorimetric method using a commercially available standard (procyanidin A2), for the standard method for quantification of proanthocyanidins (PACs) in cranberry powders, in order to establish dosage guidelines for the uropathogenic bacterial anti-adhesion effect of cranberry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Commercially available cranberry samples were obtained (five from U.S. sources and six from European sources) for PAC quantification in five different analytical laboratories. Each laboratory extracted and analyzed the samples using the improved DMAC method. Within-laboratory variation (mean +/- SD) was 4.1 +/- 1.7% RSD (range, 2.3-6.1% RSD) and the between laboratory variability was 16.9 +/- 8.5% RSD (range, 8-32% RSD). For comparative purposes, the cranberry samples were alternatively quantified using weights of extracted PACs (gravimetric). The correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.989.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This improved DMAC method provides a simple, robust and relatively specific spectrophotometric assay for total PACs in cranberry samples using commercially available procyanidin A2 dimer as a standard. DMAC is most useful within a given type of food such as cranberries, but may not be appropriate for comparing concentrations across different food types, particularly in those cases where large differences exist among the relative amounts of each oligomer and polymer.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA. priorronaldl@uams.edu
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Prior
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Hongping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nio
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Jess
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D002138:Calibration; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000737:chemistry; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D011208:Powders; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000032:analysis*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D056689:Uropathogenic Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002934:Cinnamates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011208:Powders; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C018523:4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde