title: Replication of lung cancer susceptibility loci at chromosomes 15q25, 5p15, and 6p21: a pooled analysis from the International Lung Cancer Consortium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genome-wide association studies have identified three chromosomal regions at 15q25, 5p15, and 6p21 as being associated with the risk of lung cancer. To confirm these associations in independent studies and investigate heterogeneity of these associations within specific subgroups, we conducted a coordinated genotyping study within the International Lung Cancer Consortium based on independent studies that were not included in previous genome-wide association studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotype data for single-nucleotide polymorphisms at chromosomes 15q25 (rs16969968, rs8034191), 5p15 (rs2736100, rs402710), and 6p21 (rs2256543, rs4324798) from 21 case-control studies for 11 645 lung cancer case patients and 14 954 control subjects, of whom 85% were white and 15% were Asian, were pooled. Associations between the variants and the risk of lung cancer were estimated by logistic regression models. All statistical tests were two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Associations between 15q25 and the risk of lung cancer were replicated in white ever-smokers (rs16969968: odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21 to 1.32, P(trend) = 2 x 10(-26)), and this association was stronger for those diagnosed at younger ages. There was no association in never-smokers or in Asians between either of the 15q25 variants and the risk of lung cancer. For the chromosome 5p15 region, we confirmed statistically significant associations in whites for both rs2736100 (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.20, P(trend) = 1 x 10(-10)) and rs402710 (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.19, P(trend) = 5 x 10(-8)) and identified similar associations in Asians (rs2736100: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.35, P(trend) = 2 x 10(-5); rs402710: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.27, P(trend) = .007). The associations between the 5p15 variants and lung cancer differed by histology; odds ratios for rs2736100 were highest in adenocarcinoma and for rs402710 were highest in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinomas. This pattern was observed in both ethnic groups. Neither of the two variants on chromosome 6p21 was associated with the risk of lung cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this international genetic association study of lung cancer, previous associations found in white populations were replicated and new associations were identified in Asian populations. Future genetic studies of lung cancer should include detailed stratification by histology.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon Cedex 08, France. Brennan@iarc.fr
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mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002884:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15; D002895:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011786:Quality Control; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000235:genetics; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*