title: Cost-effectiveness of the addition of rituximab to CHOP chemotherapy in first-line treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a population-based observational cohort in British Columbia, Canada.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has primarily been treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and predisone (CHOP) chemotherapy since the 1970s. Recently, the addition of rituximab to CHOP (CHOP-R) has been found to improve survival and trial-based results have suggested that it is a cost-effective alternative to CHOP.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective in this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of CHOP-R relative to CHOP in first-line treatment of DLBCL in a population-based setting in British Columbia, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  We created a patient-level simulation model describing potential pathways for DLBCL patients initiating treatment with either CHOP or CHOP-R. Model parameters were populated with statistical analyses of individual-level treatment and effectiveness data and published cost estimates. All results were stratified by age at treatment initiation (<60 years vs. ≥60 years). The base-case scenario was based on a 15-year time horizon and a 3% discount rate. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed. All costs are reported as 2006 $CDN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the base-case scenario, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for younger individuals ranged from $11,965 per disease-free life-year gained to $19,144 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. For older individuals, estimated ICERs for all health outcomes were below $10,000 per unit outcome gained for a 15-year time horizon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using population-based data, CHOP-R was found to be a cost-effective alternative to CHOP, particularly for individuals aged 60 years and older. Results from this Canadian observational data source were consistent with international clinical trial-based studies. The use of CHOP-R as a first-line treatment for DLBCL is recommended, with respect to both clinical and cost-effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (ARCC), British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Karissa M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Carlo A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Marra
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Connors
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Najafzadeh
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sehn
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Peacock
mesh_terms: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D001955:British Columbia; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D000069283:Rituximab; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000069283:Rituximab; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011241:Prednisone