title: Does D3 surgery offer a better survival outcome compared to D1 surgery for gastric cancer? A result based on a hospital population of two decades as taking D2 surgery for reference.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a retrospective study in our hospital in which we compared D1 with D3 through D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer in terms of morbidity, postoperative mortality, long-term survival after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  567 patients who were performed curative intent between 1980 and 2003 were enrolled. 187 in the D1 group, 189 in the D2 group and 191 in the D3 group. Every procedure was verified by pathological analyses. The primary endpoints were 5-year overall survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up periods were 36 months and 60 months for D1 group and D3 group. Overall 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in patients underwent D3 surgery than in those performed D1 surgery (37.4% vs 48.7%; log-rank, p = 0.027). For the cases followed up to 120 months, the 10-year overall survival rate was 29% (95% CI, 22.1% to 35.9%) for the D1 group and 33.7% (95% CI, 26.6% to 40.8%) for the D3 group (log-rank, p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  D1 surgery should be operated only for patients with Borrmann I disease. As D3 gastrectomy is associated with low mortality and adequate survival times when performed in selected institutions that have had sufficient experience with the operation and with postoperative management, we recommend D3 lymphadenectomy for patients with curable gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery Oncology, General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Caigang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Ruonan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shubao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018579:Patient Selection; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome