title: Incidence of downstaging and complete remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk upper tract transitional cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors evaluated the incidence of pathologic downstaging and complete remission (CR) in patients with high-grade ureteral and renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) (upper tract TCC) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised patients with biopsy-demonstrated, high-grade disease who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by nephrouterectomy from 2004 to 2008, during which time patients uniformly were considered for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The control group comprised patients with biopsy-demonstrated, high-grade disease who underwent initial nephroureterectomy from 1993 to 2004, when patients uniformly underwent initial surgery. Multiple clinical and pathologic features were evaluated, and the primary endpoint was pathologic tumor classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred seven patients in the control group underwent initial surgery, and 43 patients in the study group received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Baseline demographics were similar between the groups except for a higher rate of sessile tumor architecture in the study group (72.1% vs 49.5%; P = .018). There was significant downstaging in study group patients compared with the historic control group (P = .004). The incidence of tumors classified as pathologic T2 (pT2) or as pT3 or higher was significantly lower in the study group (pT2, 65.4% vs 48.8%; P = .043; pT3 or higher, 47.7% vs 27.9%; P = .029). Fourteen percent of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a pathologic CR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a 14% CR rate and a significant rate of downstaging. While longer follow-up is awaited for survival data to mature, the current data provide justification for the sustained support of trials using this strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. surmatin@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Surena F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Matin
authors.forename: Vitaly
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Margulis
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamat
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: H Barton
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: Gordon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Colin P N
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Dinney
authors.forename: Randall
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Millikan
authors.forename: Arlene O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Siefker-Radtke
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors