title: Noninvasive tracking of donor cell homing by near-infrared fluorescence imaging shortly after bone marrow transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many diseases associated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are caused by transplanted hematopoietic cells, and the onset of these diseases occurs after homing of donor cells in the initial phase after BMT. Noninvasive observation of donor cell homing shortly after transplantation is potentially valuable for improving therapeutic outcomes of BMT by diagnosing the early stages of these diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Freshly harvested near-infrared fluorescence-labeled cells were noninvasively observed for 24 h after BMT using a photon counting device to track their homing process. In a congenic BMT model, the homing of Alexa Fluor 750-labeled donor cells in the tibia was detected less than 1 h after BMT. In addition, subsequent cell distribution in an intraBM BMT model was successfully monitored for the first time using this method. In the allogeneic BMT model, T-cell depletion decreased the near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) signals of the reticuloendothelial system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This approach in several murine BMT models revealed that the transplanted cells homed within 24 h after transplantation. NIRF labeling is useful for tracking transplanted cells in the initial phase after BMT, and this approach can contribute to in vivo studies aimed at improving the therapeutic outcomes of BMT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ushiki
authors.forename: Shinae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kizaka-Kondoh
authors.forename: Eishi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ashihara
authors.forename: Shotaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masuko
authors.forename: Hideyo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Yoshifusa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: Taira
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002469:Cell Separation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008954:Models, Biological; D014019:Tissue Donors