title: Identification and characterization of Bmi-1-responding element within the human p16 promoter.
abstract: Bmi-1, the first functionally identified polycomb gene family member, plays critical roles in cell cycle regulation, cell immortalization, and cell senescence. Bmi-1 is involved in the development and progression of carcinomas and is a potent target for cancer therapy. One important pathway regulated by Bmi-1 is that involving two cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p16(Ink4a) and p19(Arf), as Bmi-1 represses the INK4a locus on which they are encoded. A close correlation between the up-regulation of Bmi-1 and down-regulation of p16 has been demonstrated in various tumors; however, how Bmi-1 regulates p16 expression is not clear. In this study, we revealed that Bmi-1 regulates the expression of p16 by binding directly to the Bmi-1-responding element (BRE) within the p16 promoter. The BRE resided at bp -821 to -732 upstream of the p16 ATG codon. BRE alone was sufficient to allow Bmi-1-mediated regulation of the CMV promoter. Bmi-1 typically functions by forming a complex with Ring2; however, regulation of p16 was independent of Ring2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing of Bmi-1-precipitated chromatin DNA revealed that 1536 genes were targeted by Bmi-1, including genes involved in tissue-specific differentiation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. By analyzing the binding sequences of these genes, we found two highly conserved Bmi-1-binding motifs, which were required for Bmi-1-mediated p16 promoter regulation. Taken together, our results revealed the molecular mechanism of Bmi-1-mediated regulation of the p16 gene, thus providing further insights into the functions of Bmi-1 as well as a sensitive high-throughput platform with which to screen Bmi-1-targeted small molecules for cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
authors.forename: Meili
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
authors.forename: Quancang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
authors.forename: Rudan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Network Information Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: liud@im.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. Electronic address: hongkui_deng@pku.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongkui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China. Electronic address: luzg@szpku.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D056426:Genetic Loci / Q000502:physiology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020218:Response Elements / Q000502:physiology*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C400134:BAP1 protein, human; C069077:BMI1 protein, human; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase