title: Cell phone recycling experiences in the United States and potential recycling options in Brazil.
abstract: This paper presents an overview of cell phone recycling programs currently available in the United States. At the same time, it also provides analyses of the current recycling situation and possible recycling alternatives for Brazil. Although there are several recycling options in the United States, collection rates are still only 10% of all potential devices because customers are not aware of these possibilities. The whole system is financially based on reselling refurbished cell phones and recycled materials to developing countries which represent an effective and strong market. Several recyclers offer funds to collection partners who are either charities or who work with charities while obtaining the materials that they need in order to run their operations. A mobile phone recycling system for Brazil considering the United States experience and the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) principle is suggested. A deposit/refund/advance-recycling fee is proposed which might be implemented as a voluntary industrial initiative managed by PRO Brazil, a producer responsibility organization. One widespread public-private agreement will integrate all mobile phone stakeholders, and environmental education actions and promotional events will promote citizen's participation.
authors.affiliation: Civil, Architectural, Agricultural, and Environmental Engineering Department (CAAE), North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA. tadeugeraldo@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Geraldo T R
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Shoou-Yuh
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D040421:Cell Phone; D003132:Commerce; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004581:Electronics; D004777:Environment; D055818:Public-Private Sector Partnerships; D059027:Recycling / Q000379:methods*; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States