title: The effects of Tai Chi on fall prevention, fear of falling and balance in older people: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tai Chi (TC) is an exercise training that is becoming increasingly popular as an intervention for single fall prevention. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of TC on fall rate, fear of falling and balance in older people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trials published between 1988 and January 2009 were included. In the Netherlands (2009) we used random effects models for the analyses, with data reported as incidence rate ratios (IRR) for falls and standardized mean differences (SMD) for fear of falling and balance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine trials (representing 2203 participants) were included in the analyses. Compared with exercise controls, TC participants showed significant improvements in fall rates (2 trials included, IRR: 0.51, 95% CI 0.38-0.68) and static balance (2 trials included, SMD: 0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.72). Compared with non-exercise controls, no improvement was found for TC participants in fall rates (5 trials, IRR: 0.79, 95% CI 0.60-1.03) or static balance (2 trials, SMD: 0.30, 95% CI -0.50-1.10), but a significant improvement was found for fear of falling (SMD: 0.37, 95% CI=0.03-0.70).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Currently there is insufficient evidence to conclude whether TC is effective in fall prevention, decreasing fear of falling and improving balance in people over age 50 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. i.logghe@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Inge H J
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Logghe
authors.forename: Arianne P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.forename: Arno C H J
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rademaker
authors.forename: Sita M A
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bierma-Zeinstra
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Rossum
authors.forename: Marjan J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: Bart W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Koes
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000368:Aged; D015982:Bias; D005239:Fear; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D004856:Postural Balance; D026302:Tai Ji