A non-traumatic Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis model in pigs.
BACKGROUND
The propensity for bacterial localization within bones of juvenile pigs is similar to the situation in humans, where haematogenously based osteomyelitis most commonly occurs in infants and children. In both pigs and humans, Staphylococcus aureus is a dominant cause of pyaemic lesions including osteomyelitis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pig as a model for the development of osteomyelitis following haematogenous spread of S. aureus.


METHODS
Twelve animals were challenged intravenously once or twice with 1x10(8) bacteria/kg body weight and euthanased consecutively from 6 h to 48 h after challenge. Following euthanasia, tissues were sampled from the lungs and bones for histology and immunohistochemical staining of vessels, different inflammatiory cells, apoptosis cells, and S. aureus.


RESULTS
Disseminated microabscesses developed within the lungs by 6 h but had disappeared at 48 h. Within the metaphyseal area of bones, microabscesses developed after 12 h and progressed until 48 h after challenge. Within bones, lesions were localized in separate foci from where the infection progressed towards the growth plate, which was in some cases bypassed due to bacterial spread through transphyseal vascular channels. Often, bone lesions resulted in trabecular osteosis, in which apoptotic cells were sometimes present.


CONCLUSIONS
The model revealed a pattern of development and presence of lesions similar to the frequently occurring osteomyelitic lesions, especially in pre-pubertal children following haematogenous spread of S. aureus. Therefore, this model can be reliably applied in studies of this disease with respect to pathophysiology, pathomorphology, impact of strain virulence, and therapy.
Jensen
Henrik Elvang
HE
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. elvang@life.ku.dk
Nielsen
Ole Lerberg
OL
Agerholm
Jørgen Steen
JS
Iburg
Tine
T
Johansen
Louise Kruse
LK
Johannesson
Eleonora
E
Møller
Maiken
M
Jahn
Line
L
Munk
Liselotte
L
Aalbaek
Bent
B
Leifsson
Pall Skuli
PS
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011884:Radius / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014774:Virulence