title: Targeted ultrasound contrast imaging of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in ischemia-reperfusion rat model: ex vivo and in vivo studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that post-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) remodeling associated matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP(2)) activation could be detected by using novel MMP(2) targeted ultrasound imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  We study the combination of MMP(2)-targeted microbubbles (TMB(2)) and control microbubbles with myocardium in 1 week post-I/R rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In in vitro studies, TMB(2) significantly bound within the risk area (RA) of 1-week post-I/R myocardial sections while rare binding was observed in the control area (CA). In in vivo studies, increased focal retention of TMB(2) was observed within the RA, with the higher myocardial video intensity (RA 42.85 ± 20.12 dB versus CA 25.85 ± 13.40 dB, p < 0.01). However, there was no difference of control microbubble retention in both CA and RA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A targeted ultrasound contrast imaging approach that employs novel TMB(2) has the potential to provide a less-invasive, higher-resolution technique for in vivo localization of MMP(2) activation and tracking of MMP-mediated post-I/R remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Med University, Xi'an, Shann Xi, China. suhaili@fmmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Haili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Yongfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Yunqiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Yujin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Zhangrui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000915:Antibody Affinity / Q000187:drug effects; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D003287:Contrast Media; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D045423:Microbubbles; D055806:Microvessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000379:methods*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003287:Contrast Media; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2