title: Earthquake impact in a remote South Asian population: psychosocial factors and posttraumatic symptoms.
abstract: Although previous studies have documented the psychological impact of earthquakes, less is known about potentially protective characteristics associated with healthier outcomes. In the present study, 2 samples of survivors were recruited from remote villages in Northwestern Pakistan, 7 and 19 months after the devastating October 2005 earthquake. Female gender, lower education, and closer proximity to the epicenter predicted significantly higher posttraumatic symptom levels. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, distance from the epicenter, and death of close relatives, higher dispositional optimism and higher scores on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were significantly associated with lower symptom levels. The authors' findings in a previously unstudied population suggest that certain potentially protective mechanisms, such as optimism, may be universal regardless of culture of origin.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, New York University, New York, NY 10065, USA. samoon.ahmad@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Samoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feder
authors.forename: Elisa J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Southwick
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schlackman
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buchholz
authors.forename: Angelique
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Dennis S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Charney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001208:Asia; D055866:Earthquakes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012424:Rural Population; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult