title: Digital subtraction radiography of panoramic radiographs to evaluate maxillary central incisor root resorption after orthodontic treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantitatively assess the extent of morphologic changes of the apical root area and root length of maxillary central incisors after orthodontic treatment using digital subtraction radiography (DSR) and to investigate possible contributing parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subtracted images of panoramic radiographs of 21 patients before and after orthodontic treatment were evaluated using I/RAS C and Image J software. The retrieved data were analyzed by means of SPSS statistical software, and the method's error was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a small but significant decrease of the root dimensions of the maxillary central incisors at the end of orthodontic treatment. The amount of root resorption was not significantly influenced by sex, age, dentition, malocclusion classification, extraction, overjet, overbite, elastic wear, and number of teeth with resorption as measured by DSR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DSR of pre- and posttreatment panoramic radiographs was able to confirm minor root resorption of the maxillary central incisors after orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioulia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ioannidou-Marathiotou
authors.forename: Moschos A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: Athina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondylidou-Sidira
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kokkas
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karagiannis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007180:Incisor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000628:therapy; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000145:classification; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation; D057887:Overbite / Q000628:therapy; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055815:Young Adult