title: Lack of association between human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 infections and female lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A carcinogenic role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in lung cancer development has been suggested through both clinical and laboratory research during the last two decades.
  
  
  METHODS
  We did a population-based case-control study nested within the Finnish Maternity Cohort to assess the role of HPV16/18 infections in female lung carcinogenesis. The Finnish Maternity Cohort containing samples from more than 600,000 subjects were linked with nationwide cancer registries (1973-2006). Serum samples were retrieved from 311 women who developed lung cancer and 930 matched controls. The samples were analyzed for antibodies to HPV types 16 and 18 and cotinine (a biomarker of tobacco exposure). Conditional logistic regression-based estimates of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for cotinine levels were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, there was no evidence of increased risk of lung cancer associated with HPV 16 and 18 type-specific infections among nonsmokers and smokers, assessed via cotinine levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The question of HPV etiologic effect on lung carcinoma deserves further longitudinal studies using different HPV detection methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results bring new insights into female HPV lung cancer research.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-50 University Terrace, 8303-112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2T4, Canada. kapeu_aline@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simen-Kapeu
authors.forename: Heljä-Marja
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Surcel
authors.forename: Pentti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koskela
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pukkala
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehtinen
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking