title: Wogonin potentiates the antitumor effects of low dose 5-fluorouracil against gastric cancer through induction of apoptosis by down-regulation of NF-kappaB and regulation of its metabolism.
abstract: Traditional Chinese medicines have been recognized as a new source of anticancer drugs or chemotherapy adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and to ameliorate the side effects. Wogonin (WOG) has a potential for therapeutic use in the treatment of antitumor and chemoprophylaxis. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a key systemic chemotherapy drug and widely use in the treatment of solid tumors. In this study, we found that combination of WOG and 5-FU inhibited the viability of MGC-803 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and exhibited a synergistic anticancer effect (CI<1) when 5-FU was used at relatively low concentrations. The pro-apoptotic activity of two-drug combination was much stronger than single. Furthermore, WOG could decrease the mRNA levels of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the metabolic enzymes of 5-FU. WOG could inhibit the NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and I-kappaB phosphorylation. Moreover, combined treatment caused significantly growth inhibition of human tumor xenografts. In addition, WOG markedly enhanced the antitumor activity of low dose 5-FU (i.p. 10mg/kg/day), however there is no toxicity and influence on diet consumption in experimental animals. Taken together, our data's showed that WOG increased 5-FU retention for a prolonged catabolism by modulating 5-FU metabolic enzymes and sensitized the MGC-803 cells to 5-FU induced apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. The anti-gastric cancer effect of two-drug combination was much stronger than that of WOG or 5-FU alone. These results may be relevant to design new clinical therapeutic strategies against gastric cancer in future.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention (China Pharmaceutical University), Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mei-Juan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiang
authors.forename: Jing-Jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Qi-Dong
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Qing-Long
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D044950:Flavanones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D044950:Flavanones; D016328:NF-kappa B; C085514:wogonin; D005472:Fluorouracil