title: Synergism between Wnt3a and heparin enhances osteogenesis via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/RUNX2 pathway.
abstract: A new strategy has emerged to improve healing of bone defects using exogenous glycosaminoglycans by increasing the effectiveness of bone-anabolic growth factors. Wnt ligands play an important role in bone formation. However, their functional interactions with heparan sulfate/heparin have only been investigated in non-osseous tissues. Our study now shows that the osteogenic activity of Wnt3a is cooperatively stimulated through physical interactions with exogenous heparin. N-Sulfation and to a lesser extent O-sulfation of heparin contribute to the physical binding and optimal co-stimulation of Wnt3a. Wnt3a-heparin signaling synergistically increases osteoblast differentiation with minimal effects on cell proliferation. Thus, heparin selectively reduces the effective dose of Wnt3a needed to elicit osteogenic, but not mitogenic responses. Mechanistically, Wnt3a-heparin signaling strongly activates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway and requires the bone-related transcription factor RUNX2 to stimulate alkaline phosphatase activity, which parallels canonical beta-catenin signaling. Collectively, our findings establish the osteo-inductive potential of a heparin-mediated Wnt3a-phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt-RUNX2 signaling network and suggest that heparan sulfate supplementation may selectively reduce the therapeutic doses of peptide factors required to promote bone formation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biology, Immunos, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dombrowski
authors.forename: Kin Mun
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Foong
authors.forename: Larisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Haupt
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nurcombe
authors.forename: Andre J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Wijnen
authors.forename: Simon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cool
mesh_terms: D019870:1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060508:Wnt3 Protein; D060509:Wnt3A Protein
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human; C555510:WNT3A protein, human; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D060508:Wnt3 Protein; D060509:Wnt3A Protein; C555511:Wnt3a protein, mouse; D006493:Heparin; D019870:1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt