title: The effectiveness of a neuromuscular prevention strategy to reduce injuries in youth soccer: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soccer is a leading sport for participation and injury in youth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effectiveness of a neuromuscular prevention strategy in reducing injury in youth soccer players.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster-randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Calgary soccer clubs (male or female, U13-U18, tier 1-2, indoor soccer).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two soccer teams were approached for recruitment. Players from 60 teams completed the study (32 training (n=380), 28 control (n=364)).
  
  
  METHODS
  The training programme was a soccer-specific neuromuscular training programme including dynamic stretching, eccentric strength, agility, jumping and balance (including a home-based balance training programme using a wobble board). The control programme was a standardised warm-up (static and dynamic stretching and aerobic components) and a home-based stretching programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Previously validated injury surveillance included injury assessment by a study therapist. The injury definition was soccer injury resulting in medical attention and/or removal from a session and/or time loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The injury rate in the training group was 2.08 injuries/1000 player-hours, and in the control group 3.35 injuries/1000 player-hours. Based on Poisson regression analysis, adjusted for clustering by team and covariates, the incidence rate ratios (IRR) for all injuries and acute onset injury were 0.62 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.99) and 0.57 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.91). Point estimates also suggest protection of lower extremity, ankle and knee sprain injuries (IRR=0.68 (95% CI 0.42 to 1.11), IRR=0.5 (95% CI 0.24 to 1.04) and IRR=0.38 (95% CI 0.08 to 1.75)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A neuromuscular training programme is protective of all injuries and acute onset injury in youth soccer players.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Medicine Centre, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada. caemery@ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Meeuwisse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000416:Alberta; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D016896:Treatment Outcome