title: The performance of junior doctors in applying clinical pharmacology knowledge and prescribing skills to standardized clinical cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies suggest a worryingly high proportion of final year medical students and new doctors feel unprepared for effective and safe prescribing. Little research has been undertaken on UK junior doctors to see if these perceptions translate into unsafe prescribing practice. We aimed to measure the performance of foundation year 1 (FY1) doctors in applying clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) knowledge and prescribing skills using standardized clinical cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A subject matter expert (SME) panel constructed a blueprint, and from these, twelve assessments focusing on areas posing high risk to patient safety and deemed as essential for FY1 doctors to know were chosen. Assessments comprised six extended matching questions (EMQs) and six written unobserved structured clinical examinations (WUSCEs) covering seven CPT domains. Two of each assessment types were administered over three time points to 128 FY1 doctors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The twelve assessments were valid and statistically reliable. Across seven CPT areas tested 51-75% of FY1 doctors failed EMQs and 27-70% failed WUSCEs. The WUSCEs showed three performance trends; 30% of FY1 doctors consistently performing poorly, 50% performing around the passing score, and 20% performing consistently well. Categorical rating of the WUSCEs revealed 5% (8/161) of scripts contained errors deemed as potentially lethal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that a large proportion of FY1 doctors failed to demonstrate the level of CPT knowledge and prescribing ability required at this stage of their careers. We identified areas of performance weakness that posed high risk to patient safety and suggested ways to improve the prescribing by FY1 doctors.
authors.affiliation: Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth PL4 8 AA, UK. sharding.jb@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: Nicky
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Britten
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bristow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D010601:Pharmacology, Clinical; D010820:Physicians; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D006113:United Kingdom