title: Extra-oral fistula caused by a dental implant.
abstract: Dental implantation has become an important procedure for both dental treatment and head and neck reconstructive surgery. However, this useful technique sometimes results in peri-implantitis. We describe a rare complication of peri-implantitis in the maxilla which extended to the soft tissue and caused an extra-oral fistula above the alar region. The patient underwent the placement of dental implants in the maxilla 8 years earlier. Radiography showed osteolysis of the maxilla and implant exposure. After the implants were removed, the patient was fitted with a conventional fixed partial denture. Such unfavorable outcomes are caused by failed endodontic and apicoectomy procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan. mfujioka@nmc.hosp.go.jp
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Riko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yakabe
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Endoh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017577:Cutaneous Fistula / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D003751:Dental Fistula / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008439:Maxillary Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants