title: Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Sativex (nabiximols), on spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of Sativex (USAN: nabiximols) in the alleviation of spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results from three randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel group studies were combined for analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  666 patients with multiple sclerosis and spasticity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 0-100 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, transformed to a 0-10 scale) or a 0-10 Numerical Rating Scale (0-10 NRS) was used to measure spasticity. Patients achieving a > or =30% improvement from baseline in their spasticity score were defined as 'responders'. Global impression of change (GIC) at the end of treatment was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient populations were similar. The adjusted mean change of the numerical rating scale from baseline in the treated group was -1.30 compared with -0.97 for placebo. Using a linear model, the treatment difference was -0.32 (95% CI -0.61, -0.04, p = 0.026). A statistically significant greater proportion of treated patients were responders (odds ratio (OR) = 1.62, 95% CI 1.15, 2.28; p = 0.0073) and treated patients also reported greater improvement: odds ratio 1.67 (95% CI 1.05, 2.65; p = 0.030). High numbers of subjects experienced at least one adverse event, but most were mild to moderate in severity and all drug-related serious adverse events resolved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The meta-analysis demonstrates that nabiximols is well tolerated and reduces spasticity.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Enablement, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK. derick.wade@noc.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Derick T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Collin
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stott
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duncombe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002185:Cannabidiol; D013759:Dronabinol; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002185:Cannabidiol; D013759:Dronabinol; C587251:nabiximols