title: HNE-induced 5-LO expression is regulated by NF-{kappa}B/ERK and Sp1/p38 MAPK pathways via EGF receptor in murine macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) has been suggested to be a modulator of atherosclerotic plaque instability and co-exists with 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) in macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. To determine the potential role for HNE in 5-LO expression, the molecular mechanisms of 5-LO expression were evaluated in HNE-stimulated macrophages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A genomic sequence of the promoter 2.0 kb upstream of the transcription initiation site was amplified, and a series of sequentially deleted fragments were then fused to a luciferase reporter gene. The promoter region 213 bp upstream of the transcription start site was responsible for the HNE-enhanced transcriptional activity of 5-LO. Site-directed mutagenesis of this region showed that the transcription factors, including stimulating protein 1 (Sp1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), were associated with up-regulation of HNE-induced 5-LO transcription. Moreover, the role of Sp1 and NF-κB in HNE-induced 5-LO expression was confirmed by siRNA knockdown of Sp1 and NF-κB. The HNE-enhanced Sp1 and NF-κB activities were attenuated by SB203580, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, and PD98059, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, respectively. In addition, the HNE-enhanced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK was inhibited by AG1478, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist, but not by AG1295, a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) antagonist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  5-LO expression by HNE was regulated at the transcriptional level by the EGFR-mediated activation of Sp1/p38 MAPK and NF-κB/ERK pathways in macrophages, which may lead to the development of therapeutic interventions for regulating 5-LO expression in atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and BK21 Medical Science Education Center, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chae E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyo W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Chi D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D034622:RNA Interference; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; C541485:EGFR protein, mouse; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal