title: Influence of bisphosphonates in orthodontic therapy: Systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this paper was to analyse the effects of bisphosphonates and their influence on orthodontic therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The literature was systematically reviewed using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Ebsco Host, Scirus and Cochrane databases up to December 31, 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were independently selected by two different researchers based on previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria, finding a good concordance (kappa index of 0.862). The methodological quality of the reviewed papers was assessed. The search strategy identified 205 titles. Thirteen articles were selected after application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and only one of these had a high methodological quality. Bisphosphonate applications in orthodontic therapy were divided between two main groups: tooth movement and skeletal relapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical or systemic application of bisphosphonates decreases orthodontic tooth movement and reduces orthodontic tooth movement relapse and skeletal relapse after maxillary expansion or mandibular distraction and similar procedures. Further longer-term studies are required to assess possible adverse effects after bisphosphonate treatment for these purposes.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain. aiglesiaslinares@gmail.com
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iglesias-Linares
authors.forename: Rosa-María
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Yáñez-Vico
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Solano-Reina
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Torres-Lagares
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: González Moles
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D019186:Mandibular Advancement; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000517:prevention & control; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates