title: Leukocyte pyruvate kinase expression is reduced in normal human pregnancy but not in pre-eclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Emerging evidence suggests that metabolism influences immune cell signaling and immunoregulation. To examine the immunoregulatory role of glycolysis in pregnancy, we evaluated the properties of pyruvate kinase in leukocytes from non-pregnant women and those with normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated pyruvate kinase expression in lymphocytes and neutrophils from non-pregnant, pregnant, and pre-eclampsia patients using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Leukocyte pyruvate kinase activity and pyruvate concentrations were also evaluated. To study pyruvate's effect on signaling, we labeled Jurkat T cells with Ca(2+) dyes and measured cell responses in the presence of agents influencing intracellular pyruvate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of pyruvate kinase is reduced in lymphocytes and neutrophils from normal pregnant women in comparison with those of non-pregnant women and pre-eclampsia patients. Similarly, the activity of pyruvate kinase and the intracellular pyruvate concentration are reduced in leukocytes of normal pregnant women in comparison with non-pregnant women and women with pre-eclampsia. Using Jurkat cells as a model of leukocyte signaling, we have shown that perturbations of intracellular pyruvate influence Ca(2+) signals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normal pregnancy is characterized by reduced pyruvate kinase expression within lymphocytes and neutrophils. We speculate that reduced pyruvate kinase expression modifies immune cell responses due to reduced pyruvate concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Sally A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Madsen-Bouterse
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elfline
authors.forename: Aiping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Howard R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Petty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015200:Fluoroimmunoassay; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase