title: Short-term type 1 diabetes alters the mechanism of endothelium-dependent relaxation in the rat carotid artery.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of an early stage of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the mechanism(s) of endothelium-dependent relaxation. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (48 mg/kg iv), and the ACh-induced relaxation of rat carotid arteries was examined 6 wk later. A diabetes-induced increase in superoxide levels, determined by L-012-induced chemiluminescence, from carotid arteries was associated with endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and increased catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase expression. The sensitivity and maximum response to ACh were similar in normal and diabetic rats despite a decrease in NO release detected by 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein. In normal rats, N-nitro-l-arginine (100 microM) plus 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (10 microM), to inhibit NOS and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), respectively, abolished ACh-induced relaxation, whereas in diabetic rats, the maximum relaxation to ACh was attenuated (maximum relaxation: 25 + or - 5%), but not abolished, by that treatment. The remaining ACh-induced relaxation was abolished by NO scavengers, cupric chloride (to degrade nitrosothiols), or blockers of endothelial K(+) channels. Western blot analysis of the carotid arteries indicated that diabetes significantly increased the expression of eNOS but decreased the proportion of eNOS expressed as the dimer. These findings demonstrate that in early diabetes, ACh-induced relaxation is maintained but is resistant to NOS inhibition. In early diabetes, nitrosothiol-mediated opening of K(+) channels may act in conjunction with NO stimulation of sGC to maintain endothelium-dependent relaxation despite the increase in vascular superoxide levels.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, RMIT Univ., PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Leo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Woodman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols / Q000378:metabolism; D000071756:Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase; D013997:Time Factors; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C495537:Cav1 protein, rat; D051242:Caveolin 1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; C500593:Cybb protein, rat; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D000071756:Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase