title: Thyroid hormones and D-aspartic acid, D-aspartate oxidase, D-aspartate racemase, H2O2, and ROS in rats and mice.
abstract: Total concentrations of thyroid hormones T(3) and T(4), and of their free forms, FT(3) and FT(4), D-aspartic acid (D-Asp), D-aspartate oxidase (D-AspO), D-aspartate racemase, H(2)O(2), and ROS (reactive oxygen species) were determined in rats and mice. T(3) and T(4) were 1 and 50 ng/ml, respectively, in serum, and 750 and 40000 ng/g, respectively, in thyroid. Concentrations of the free forms FT(3) and FT(4) were ca. 250 times lower than their respective total concentrations. The endogenous content of D-Asp in thyroid gland was ca. 100 nmol/g tissue, whereas the activity of D-AspO was ca. 80 units/mg thyroid, and that of D-aspartate racemase was ca. 15 units/mg thyroid. H(2)O(2) Concentration in rat and mouse thyroid gland was ca. 290 pmol/g thyroid, and the concentration of ROS was ca. 10 pmol/DCF/min/mg protein. H(2)O(2) is essential for the iodination of the tyrosyl residues to produce mono- and diiodotyrosine that are the precursors for the synthesis of T(3) and T(4). Production of H(2)O(2) in thyroid glands occurs by oxidation of endogenous D-Asp by D-AspO (D-Asp+O(2)+H(2)O-->alpha-oxaloacetate+NH(3)+H(2)O(2)). D-Aspartate racemase catalyzes the in vivo production of D-Asp from L-Asp. Thus, interaction of endogenous D-Asp, D-AspO, and D-aspartate racemase in thyroid gland constitutes an additional biochemical pathway for the production of H(2)O(2) and consequently for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Evolution, Zoological Station Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, I-80121 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Enza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Topo
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sorricelli
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Errico
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Usiello
authors.forename: Antimo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Aniello
mesh_terms: D000591:Amino Acid Isomerases / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D003605:D-Amino-Acid Oxidase / Q000032:analysis; D050804:D-Aspartate Oxidase / Q000032:analysis*; D026603:D-Aspartic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D026603:D-Aspartic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D050804:D-Aspartate Oxidase; D003605:D-Amino-Acid Oxidase; D000591:Amino Acid Isomerases; C019749:aspartate racemase