title: Application of rotatable central composite design in the preparation and optimization of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for controlled delivery of paclitaxel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polymeric carrier systems of paclitaxel (PCT) offer advantages over only available formulation Taxol® in terms of enhancing therapeutic efficacy and eliminating adverse effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present study was to prepare poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles containing PCT using emulsion solvent evaporation technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critical factors involved in the processing method were identified and optimized by scientific, efficient rotatable central composite design aiming at low mean particle size and high entrapment efficiency. Twenty different experiments were designed and each formulation was evaluated for mean particle size and entrapment efficiency. The optimized formulation was evaluated for in vitro drug release, and absorption characteristics were studied using in situ rat intestinal permeability study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amount of polymer and duration of ultrasonication were found to have significant effect on mean particle size and entrapment efficiency. First-order interactions of amount of miglyol with amount of polymer were significant in case of mean particle size, whereas second-order interactions of polymer were significant in mean particle size and entrapment efficiency. The developed quadratic model showed high correlation (R(2) > 0.85) between predicted response and studied factors. The optimized formulation had low mean particle size (231.68 nm) and high entrapment efficiency (95.18%) with 4.88% drug content. The optimized formulation showed controlled release of PCT for more than 72 hours. In situ absorption study showed faster and enhanced extent of absorption of PCT from nanoparticles compared to pure drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles containing PCT may be of clinical importance in enhancing its oral bioavailability.
authors.affiliation: Formulation Development & Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Sivacharan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kollipara
authors.forename: Girish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bende
authors.forename: Snehalatha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Movva
authors.forename: Ranendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D053758:Nanoparticles; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000737:chemistry; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D012997:Solvents; D014280:Triglycerides; C433530:miglyol 810; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D017239:Paclitaxel