title: Inferior nasal turbinate wound healing after submucosal radiofrequency tissue ablation and monopolar electrocautery: histologic study in a sheep model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study differences in inferior nasal turbinate (INT) mucosal and submucosal wound-healing histology after radiofrequency tissue ablation (RTA) and monopolar electrocautery (MEC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study in sheep. Using hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections, stromal fibrosis, submucosal interstitial space volume (ISV), mucosal epithelial cell necrosis, submucosal inflammation, and vascularization in inferior turbinate samples were compared after RTA and MEC. Twelve turbinate samples were studied for each technique after 1, 3, and 8 weeks postoperatively (four samples at each time point) and there were five samples of controls. A 4-point semiquantitative histologic grading scale (0 = absence, 1 = mild, 2 = medium, 3 = pronounced) was used to assess changes. Comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney test and the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At postoperative week 8, the RTA group had more extensive fibrosis (P = .061) and ISV reduction (P = .127), less epithelial cell necrosis (P = .131), and significantly less submucosal inflammation (P = .036) and vascularization (P = .011) compared with the MEC group. Epithelial cell necrosis and submucosal inflammation at week 8 did not differ significantly between RTA and control group (P = 1.000 and P = .356, respectively). A significant decrease in submucosal layer vascularization in RTA-treated INTs has been observed (P = .003 compared with controls).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RTA is more effective (although not significantly) and less invasive than MEC for INT volume reduction. Tissue damage and wound healing were dominated by inflammation and associated epithelial cell necrosis in MEC and by a disturbance in the INT submucosal microcirculation in RTA in the studied sheep model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Haralampos
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gouveris
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nousia
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giatromanolaki
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riga
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katotomichelakis
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ypsilantis
authors.forename: Efthimios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sivridis
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Danielides
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009336:Necrosis; D011182:Postoperative Care; D012756:Sheep; D014420:Turbinates / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*