title: Detection of lipid-lysine amide-type adduct as a marker of PUFA oxidation and its applications.
abstract: Research into lipid peroxidation-induced protein modification has been ongoing for many years. Recent studies on lipo-oxidation shows the occurrence of another type of protein modification, amide-type adduct formation by lipid hydroperoxide, as well as classical aldehyde-derived protein modifications. The amide-type modifications can be either classified as alkylamide and carboxyalkylamide according to the formed structures. As an alkylamide-type adduct, Nepsilon-(hexanoyl)lysine can be formed by the reaction of peroxidized n-6 fatty acid with lysine. Nepsilon-(propanoyl)lysine is considered to be generated from oxidation of n-3 fatty acid with lysine. The generation pattern of both might be useful for classification of which fatty acids are more involved in oxidation in vivo. Since the alkylamide type-adducts are relatively stable and detectable from biological specimens like urine, these adducts, especially Nepsilon-(hexanoyl)lysine, are used as reliable markers for not only oxidative stress evaluation but also development of functional food.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Himeji 670-0092, Japan. yojikato@shse.u-hyogo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osawa
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055951:Functional Food; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D015415:Biomarkers; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; C120589:N(epsilon)-hexanoyllysine; C545748:propanoyllysine; D008239:Lysine