title: Dimensional accuracy of computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufactured orbital prostheses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this research was to assess the dimensional accuracy of orbital prostheses based on reversed images generated by computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) using computed tomography (CT) scans.
  
  
  METHODS
  CT scans of the faces of 15 adults, men and women older than 25 years of age not bearing any congenital or acquired craniofacial defects, were processed using CAD software to produce 30 reversed three-dimensional models of the orbital region. These models were then processed using the CAM system by means of selective laser sintering to generate surface prototypes of the volunteers' orbital regions. Two moulage impressions of the faces of each volunteer were taken to manufacture 15 pairs of casts. Orbital defects were created on the right or left side of each cast. The surface prototypes were adapted to the casts and then flasked to fabricate silicone prostheses. The establishment of anthropometric landmarks on the orbital region and facial midline allowed for the data collection of 31 linear measurements, used to assess the dimensional accuracy of the orbital prostheses and their location on the face.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The comparative analyses of the linear measurements taken from the orbital prostheses and the opposite sides that originated the surface prototypes demonstrated that the orbital prostheses presented similar vertical, transversal, and oblique dimensions, as well as similar depth. There was no transverse or oblique displacement of the prostheses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From a clinical perspective, the small differences observed after analyzing all 31 linear measurements did not indicate facial asymmetry. The dimensional accuracy of the orbital prostheses suggested that the CAD/CAM system assessed herein may be applicable for clinical purposes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthesis and Traumatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila Galzo
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Marafon
authors.forename: Beatriz Silva Câmara
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Mattos
authors.forename: Antonio Carlos Lorenz
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sabóia
authors.forename: Pedro Yoshito
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Noritomi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D017233:Orbit Evisceration; D020273:Orbital Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry; D012984:Software; D013499:Surface Properties; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D012826:Silicone Elastomers; C078082:silastic 4-4210