title: In vitro evaluation of gentamicin- and vancomycin-containing minitablets as a replacement for fortified eye drops.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ocular bioadhesive minitablets containing gentamicin and vancomycin were developed using different powder mixtures of pregelatinized starch and Carbopol (physical or cospray-dried mixtures).
  
  
  METHODS
  Drug content, antimicrobial activity, and radical formation of the powders used for tablet preparation were evaluated immediately and 30 days after gamma sterilization. Tablet properties and in vitro drug release from the sterilized minitablets were determined. Storage stability of vancomycin and gentamicin in sterilized bioadhesive mixtures was examined by LC-UV/MS and a microbiological assay, respectively. A bioadhesive powder mixture containing only vancomycin was irradiated by X electron-magnetic radiation to evaluate vancomycin stability following sterilization through irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antimicrobial activity of gentamicin against Staphylococcus epidermidis was not altered in comparison to nonsterilized formulations. Only after an overkill dose of 50 kGy, the concentration of vancomycin decreases to an extent that was pharmaceutically significant. No significant difference in radiation stability between drug substance and product (i.e., powder mixture) was observed. A shift in stability profile was not observed at 6 weeks after irradiation. All other degradation products were present only in small quantities not exceeding 1.0%. The in vitro drug release from the minitablets prepared with physical powder mixtures of pregelatinized starch and Carbopol® 974P NF (96 : 4) was faster compared to the cospray-dried mixtures of starch with Carbopol® 974P NF (ratio: 95:5 and 85:15). The electron paramagnetic resonance signals of the radicals formed during sterilization were still visible after storage for 30 days. The slug mucosal irritation test indicated mild irritation properties of the bioadhesive powder mixtures although no tissue damage was observed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bozdag
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weyenberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adriaens
authors.forename: M M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Dhondt
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vergote
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vervaet
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Prijck
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Nelis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Spiegeleer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Remon
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000268:Adhesiveness; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D049851:Gastropoda; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry; D013607:Tablets; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005079:Excipients; D005839:Gentamicins; D011145:Polyvinyls; D013607:Tablets; C006912:carboxypolymethylene; D014640:Vancomycin; D013213:Starch