title: Neuroinflammation and demyelination in multiple sclerosis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) on the brains of persons with and without multiple sclerosis (MS) by means of postmortem histopathological examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postmortem histopathology, case studies, and case-control studies. Patients Four patients with MS who died at a median of 4.5 months (range, 3-9 months) after allo-HSCT for a concomitant hematologic malignant neoplasm; 5 patients without MS who died at a median of 10.0 months (1-29 months) after allo-HSCT; and 5 control subjects without MS who did not undergo allo-HSCT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Referral centers. Intervention Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morphological features and immunohistochemical features, including the quantitative measures of chronic inflammatory cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demyelinating and inflammatory activities of MS persisted after allo-HSCT in all of the patients with MS. Active and chronic active MS lesions exhibited significantly higher numbers of CD3+ T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and significantly higher scores of CD68+ microglia/macrophages than did chronic inactive lesions or normal-appearing white matter. The normal-appearing brains of allo-HSCT recipients who did not have MS were found to have significantly higher numbers of CD3+ T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and higher scores of CD68+ microglia/macrophages compared with the controls; however, no demyelination was identified in these non-MS samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Allo-HSCT fails to halt the demyelination and inflammation of MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Jian-Qiang
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Storek
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Luanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Metz
authors.forename: Arthur W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Edward S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: V Wee
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Yong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000378:metabolism; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D015703:Antigens, CD