title: Impairment of fronto-striatal and parietal cerebral networks correlates with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) psychopathology in adults - a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study.
abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, genetically transmitted common childhood-onset disorder with a high rate of persistence in adulthood. Although many studies have shown anatomical and functional abnormalities in children and adolescents, studies with adult patients are rare. Nineteen adults with ADHD (11 ADHD, combined type; 8 ADHD, partially remitted) and 17 controls were included in this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Brain activation was investigated with a continuous performance test (CPT). Impaired activation of a fronto-striatal and a parietal attentional network was observed during the NoGo condition in ADHD subjects. Correlations of reduced activity of the caudate nuclei, the anterior cingulate cortex, and parietal cortical structures, as well as increased activity in the insular cortex, with inattention and impulsivity symptom scores were found. The activation patterns were similar to those known from children and adolescents with ADHD. In conclusion we found not only a widespread dysfunction of brain regions that are involved in cognitive processing in adults with ADHD compared with controls, but also correlations between symptom severity and dysfunction of neuronal systems across adult subjects with a history of ADHD in childhood but whose symptoms did (persistent ADHD) and did not (not persistent ADHD) qualify for a full diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Neurocentre, Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany. MSchneider@GGZNML.NL
authors.forename: Marc F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Christoph M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Krick
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Retz
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hengesch
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Retz-Junginger
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reith
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rösler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D055815:Young Adult