title: Genetic evolution of equine influenza viruses isolated in China.
abstract: China experienced an outbreak of equine influenza during 2007-2008. Meanwhile, its neighbor countries, such as Mongolia, India and Japan, have also been affected by various influenza virus strains in each country. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the newly emerging Chinese strains belong to Florida sublineage clade 2, as well as the Indian strain Jammu-Katra/6/08 and the Mongolian strain Mongolia/1/08. All of these strains were derived from European strains of this clade, such as the Newmarket/1/07 and Cheshire/1/07 strains, but these were not related to Japanese strains isolated around the same time (Florida sublineage clade 1) or to Chinese strains isolated in the 1990s (European lineage). Some unique amino acid changes were found in the antigenic sites in Asian strains of Florida sublineage clade 2. Moreover, the loss of a glycosylation site was found in the Liaoning/9/08 strain. From these studies, we have determined that equine influenza viruses in China have evolved with some new characteristics during recent years, and this emphasizes the importance of continued equine influenza virus surveillance in China.
authors.affiliation: Division of Livestock Infectious Diseases, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Wen-Qiang
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hong-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ling-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xiao-Fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Wen-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Xiang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002681:China; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D006736:Horses; D053123:Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins