title: Measurement and analysis of electromagnetic fields from trams, trains and hybrid cars.
abstract: Electricity is used substantially and sources of electric and magnetic fields are, unavoidably, everywhere. The transportation system is a source of these fields, to which a large proportion of the population is exposed. Hence, investigation of the effects of long-term exposure of the general public to low-frequency electromagnetic fields caused by the transportation system is critically important. In this study, measurements of electric and magnetic fields emitted from Australian trams, trains and hybrid cars were investigated. These measurements were carried out under different conditions, locations, and are summarised in this article. A few of the measured electric and magnetic field strengths were significantly lower than those found in prior studies. These results seem to be compatible with the evidence of the laboratory studies on the biological effects that are found in the literature, although they are far lower than international levels, such as those set up in the International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Melbourne, Australia. malka.misha@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Malka N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Halgamuge
authors.forename: Chathurika D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Abeyrathne
authors.forename: Priyan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mendis
mesh_terms: D001336:Automobiles; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D011890:Railroads; D014186:Transportation