title: Gout and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between gout and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects were participants in a health-screening programme at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from 2000 to 2006. Subjects were classified into eight groups based on serum urate (SU) level and gout status (≤ 4.9, 5.0-6.9, 7.0-8.9, and ≥ 9.0 mg/dL, without and with gout). The association between gout and NAFLD was assessed by multiple logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among a total of 54 325 subjects, 1930 (3.6%) had gout and 6169 (11.3%) had NAFLD. The prevalence of NAFLD was significantly higher in subjects with gout (23.1%, n = 445) than in those without gout (10.9%, n = 5724, p < 0.001). Among subjects with NAFLD, the severity of NAFLD was higher in gout patients. Gout was associated with an increased risk for NAFLD [odds ratio (OR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-1.60, p < 0.001], after adjustment for age, sex, presence of metabolic syndrome, and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). With SU ≤ 4.9 mg/dL in the absence of gout as reference, the ORs (95% CI) for NAFLD, after adjustment for age, sex, presence of metabolic syndrome, and low eGFR, were, respectively, 2.16 (1.94-2.41), 3.98 (3.55-4.46), and 5.99 (5.19-6.90) for SU levels 2-4 in those without gout and 2.61 (1.39-4.91), 2.87 (2.04-4.04), 4.53 (3.70-5.56), and 6.31 (5.12-7.77) for SU levels 1-4 in those with gout.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was an independent association between gout and the risk for NAFLD. In addition, there was a dose-response relationship between SU and NAFLD in subjects with and without gout.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: S-F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: C-T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Y-S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: J-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: W-Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: H-W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L-C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: See
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006073:Gout / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid