title: Start-up and stabilization of an Anammox process from a non-acclimatized sludge in CSTR.
abstract: Development of an Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process using non-acclimatized sludge requires a long start-up period owing to the very slow growth rate of Anammox bacteria. This article addresses the issue of achieving a shorter start-up period for Anammox activity in a well-mixed continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) using non-acclimatized anaerobic sludge. Proper selection of enrichment conditions and low stirring speed of 30 +/- 5 rpm resulted in a shorter start-up period (82 days). Activity tests revealed the microbial community structure of Anammox micro-granules. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were found on the surface and on the outer most layers of granules while nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and Anammox bacteria were present inside. Fine-tuning of influent NO2(-)/NH4+ ratio allowed Anammox activity to be maintained when mixed microbial populations were present. The maximum nitrogen removal rate achieved in the system was 0.216 kg N/(m(3) day) with a maximum specific nitrogen removal rate of 0.434 g N/(g VSS day). During the study period, Anammox activity was not inhibited by pH changes and free ammonia toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Wastewater Technology Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Nagpur 440020, India.
authors.forename: Samik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bagchi
authors.forename: Rima
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: Tapas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nandy
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012722:Sewage
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites; D012722:Sewage; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen