title: Epidemiology of uninvestigated gastrointestinal symptoms in adolescents: a population-based study applying the Rome II questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in early life contribute to a lower quality of life and more persistent GI symptoms during the rest of life. Epidemiologic data on adolescence GI disorders are scarce. We aimed to perform a population-based study to assess the prevalence of GI symptoms in adolescents and their relation to sex, age, and socioeconomic status.
  
  
  METHODS
  : A multistage random sample of Tehran middle and high school students (ages 14-19 years) was selected. A validated Persian version of the Rome II questionnaire was used to measure the frequency of different GI disorders as well as demographic socioeconomic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : A total of 1436 participants were enrolled in the study, 736 (51.3%) of whom were men. Mean (SD) age was 16.9 (1.8) years. The frequency of at least 1 GI symptom was 32.4%. The 4 most prevalent GI symptoms were bloating (16.9%), heartburn (4.9%), incontinence (4.3%), and irritable bowel syndrome (4.1%). Bloating, irritable bowel syndrome, and proctalgia fugax were significantly more common in girls (P < 0.05). Incontinence was significantly more prevalent in lower socioeconomic status levels (P = 0.01). In logistic regression, age was a risk factor for abdominal bloating and dysphagea and a protective factor for incontinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Our study indicates that GI symptoms are common among adolescents. Girls are more prone to these disorders. Special psychological and medical interventions are necessary for high-risk groups.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. snouraie@howard.edu
authors.forename: Sahand
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sohrabi
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nouraie
authors.forename: Hooman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khademi
authors.forename: Somayyeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baghizadeh
authors.forename: Siavosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nasseri-Moghaddam
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malekzadeh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005740:Gases; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006356:Heartburn / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000502:physiology; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005740:Gases