title: Broccoli-derived by-products--a promising source of bioactive ingredients.
abstract: The regular dietary intake of broccoli on a weekly basis has been related to better health, but industrial use of broccoli by-products (crop remains) is negligible. Adding value to broccoli by-products in a country such as Spain, one of the main broccoli producers for the EU, is of scientific and economic interest. The present article is focused on the bioactive compounds (glucosinolates, phenolic acids, and flavonoids) and nutrients (vitamin C, minerals, and trace elements), as well as the in vitro radical-scavenging capacity (DPPH. test), of the broccoli products (harvest remains) resulting from greenhouse cultivation using 80 mM NaCl treatment, representative of the currently available irrigation water in the production areas of Murcia (SE Spain). The bioactive compounds and nutrient contents varied according to the cultivar, organ (leaves or stalks), and the saline stress (80 mM NaCl), in the cultivars Marathon, Nubia, and Viola. Cultivar Nubia was not affected dramatically by 80 mM NaCl and the contents of phytochemicals and nutrients in the by-products of Nubia fell within the range of health-promoting levels of edible commercial parts (inflorescences or flower heads). Therefore, adding value to broccoli agrowaste by obtaining bioactive ingredients and nutrients could benefit the food and drug industry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many by-products of the agrifood industry may be useful as sources of nutrients and potentially functional ingredients, giving the opportunity to obtain added-value products. Previous studies have been focused on edible florets, but in this case we are interested in adding value to broccoli by-products that represent a real problem in the production sites because no intended use for this material has been envisaged. Therefore, the aim of this study was to add value to the broccoli-derived by-products, since recycling all this agrowaste to obtain bioactive ingredients for industry can boost profits and reduce costs and environmental problems.
authors.affiliation: CEBAS-CSIC, Dept. of Food Science and Technology, E-30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Domínguez-Perles
authors.forename: Maria Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martínez-Ballesta
authors.forename: Micaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carvajal
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Viguera
authors.forename: Diego A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000032:analysis; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000032:analysis; D018527:Hydroponics; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity; D013030:Spain; D013045:Species Specificity; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002934:Cinnamates; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005961:Glucosinolates; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008903:Minerals; D010636:Phenols; D014131:Trace Elements; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D001205:Ascorbic Acid