title: Body size and walking cadence affect lower extremity joint power in children's gait.
abstract: Obese children move less and with greater difficulty than normal-weight counterparts but expend comparable energy. Increased metabolic costs have been attributed to poor biomechanics but few studies have investigated the influence of obesity on mechanical demands of gait. This study sought to assess three-dimensional lower extremity joint powers in two walking cadences in 28 obese and normal-weight children. 3D-motion analysis was conducted for five trials of barefoot walking at self-selected and 30% greater than self-selected cadences. Mechanical power was calculated at the hip, knee, and ankle in sagittal, frontal and transverse planes. Significant group differences were seen for all power phases in the sagittal plane, hip and knee power at weight acceptance and hip power at propulsion in the frontal plane, and knee power during mid-stance in the transverse plane. After adjusting for body weight, group differences existed in hip and knee power phases at weight acceptance in sagittal and frontal planes, respectively. Differences in cadence existed for all hip joint powers in the sagittal plane and frontal plane hip power at propulsion. Frontal plane knee power at weight acceptance and sagittal plane knee power at propulsion were significantly different between cadences. Larger joint powers in obese children contribute to difficulty performing locomotor tasks, potentially decreasing motivation to exercise.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane 4059, Australia. spshultz127@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sarah P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Shultz
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Hills
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sitler
authors.forename: Howard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hillstrom
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology