Sex steroid hormones in older men: longitudinal associations with 4.5-year change in hip bone mineral density--the osteoporotic fractures in men study.
BACKGROUND
There is limited information on the association between sex hormones and bone loss in older men.


OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to determine the longitudinal association between sex steroid hormones and bone mineral density (BMD).


METHODS
We conducted a prospective study of 5995 men aged at least 65 yr old at six U.S. clinical centers.


METHODS
Sex steroid hormones were measured in a random sample of 1602 men. After exclusions, 1238 men were included in cross-sectional analyses and 969 in longitudinal analyses. Baseline sex hormones were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bioavailable (Bio) estradiol (BioE2) and testosterone (BioT) were calculated from mass action equations. SHBG was measured using chemiluminescent substrate.


METHODS
BMD of the total hip, measured at baseline and once or twice afterward over 4.6 yr of follow-up, was evaluated.


RESULTS
The annualized percent change in hip BMD increased with decreasing BioE2 (P trend = 0.03). Men with the lowest BioE2 (<39.7 pmol/liter) compared with the highest BioE2 (> or =66.0 pmol/liter) experienced 38% faster rate of BMD loss (P < 0.05). There was no association between BioT and hip BMD loss. Men with lowest BioE2, lowest BioT, and highest SHBG experienced a 3-fold faster rate of BMD loss compared with men with higher levels (P = 0.02). A threshold effect of SHBG was observed; the rate of hip BMD loss increased in men with SHBG of 49-60 nM.


CONCLUSIONS
Low BioE2 and high SHBG levels were associated with lower BMD and faster hip BMD loss. The combination of low BioE2, low BioT, and high SHBG was associated with significantly faster rates of BMD loss.
Cauley
Jane A
JA
University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree A524, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. jcauley@edc.pitt.edu
Ewing
Susan K
SK
Taylor
Brent C
BC
Fink
Howard A
HA
Ensrud
Kristine E
KE
Bauer
Douglas C
DC
Barrett-Connor
Elizabeth
E
Marshall
Lynn
L
Orwoll
Eric S
ES
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006615:Hip; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D013997:Time Factors
D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones