title: [Extraperitoneal endoscopic radical prostatectomy: How steep is the learning curve? Overheads on the personal evolution technique in 5-years experience].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prospectively investigate endoscopic extra peritoneal radical prostatectomy (EERP) learning curve impact on outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 5 year period (2004-2008) 270 patients underwent 5-6 ports laparoscopic radical prostatectomy at a referral center in Brazil. The initial 70 cases learning curve protocol included low body mass index patients with low volume, low grade prostate cancer. After that there were no criteria to exclude laparoscopic surgery. The patients were analyzed in two groups: Group 1, first 70 patients (30 transperitoneal and 40 extra peritoneal)-learning curve and Group 2, last 200 patients - EERP only. Surgical and outcome parameters were compared through Student's t test and Fisher's Exact Test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 65 years (+/-8.2) and comparing Groups 1 and 2, mean operative time was 300 (+/-190) versus 180 (+/-100) minutes, blood loss 330 (+/-210) versus 210 (+/-180) mL, hospital stay 3 (2 to 5) versus 2 (1 to 3) days, positive surgical margins 15% versus 10%, erection sufficient to penetration in previous potent patients 73.3% versus 75%, respectively with no difference between groups. Overall, 78% of patients referred no previous impotence with groups' equivalence. Severe urinary incontinence, transfusion and complications rates were higher in group 1 (p<0.05): 10% versus 2%, 12% versus 2.25% and 30% versus 12.5%, respectively. Peritoneum perforation occurred in 40% and conversion to open surgery was not required. Nerve sparing procedure was applied in 85%. In 3.5-years mean follow-up 90% of patients were free of PSA recurrence with no difference between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe urinary incontinence, transfusion and complications rates are related to learning curve which is continuous, although a significant improvement is pragmatic after 70 cases. An intensive mentored training program should be considered to minimize the learning outlays.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Starling
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaz Juliano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Korkes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wanderlei Dos Santos
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lima Pompeo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tobias-Machado
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors