title: Stimulation of the extracellular matrix production in dermal fibroblasts by velvet antler extract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibroblasts produce many components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and so they contribute to the maintenance of connective tissue integrity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of velvet antler extract (VAE) on the ECM production of dermal fibroblasts cultured in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary cultured human dermal fibroblasts were treated with VAE, and then the ECM production was determined by RT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the change of gene expression according to VAE treatment was evaluated by cDNA microarray.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VAE accelerated the growth of fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. VAE increased the production of several ECM components, including type 1 collagen, fibronectin and elastin. In line with these results, the phosphorylations of p42/44 ERK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were markedly increased by VAE, suggesting that the enhancement of ECM production may be linked to the activation of intracellular signaling cascades. VAE also significantly increased cell migration on an in vitro scratch wound test. In cDNA microarray, many genes related with connective tissue integrity were identified to be up-regulated by VAE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that VAE has a potential to stimulate ECM production, and VAE may be applicable for maintaining the skin's texture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and the Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Seon
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Min-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yul-Lye
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Hyun-Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Mu Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Sun Gyoo
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Cheon Koo
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chang Deok
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae-Jin
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Jeung-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee