title: Active tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in Israel: a retrospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic infection among people infected with human immunodeficiency virus and its first cause of morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the characteristics of a population in Israel with both tuberculosis disease and HIV infection in order to identify factors that contribute to outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised patients hospitalized in the Pulmonary and Tuberculosis Department of Shmuel Harofeh Hospital during the period January 2000 to December 2006. They were located by a computer search of the hospital registry and the pertinent data were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period 1059 cases of active tuberculosis disease were hospitalized; 93 of them were co-infected with HIV. Most of them came from endemic countries (61.2% from Ethiopia and 20.4% from the former Soviet Union; none of them was born in Israel). Ten percent of the cases were multiple-drug resistant and 32% showed extrapulmonary involvement. The response rate to the treatment was good, and the median hospitalization time was 70 days. The mortality rate was 3.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the high prevalence of pulmonary disease in our group, the short-term outcome was good and the Mycobacterium was highly sensitive to first-line drugs. These encouraging results can be attributed to the fact that tuberculosis patients in Israel are identified early and treated continuously and strictly, with early initiation of antiretroviral therapy, which together ensure that the development of drug resistance is low.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Shmuel Harofeh Hospital, Beer Yaakov, Israel. daniellbd@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bendayan
authors.forename: Klementy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Littman
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Polansky
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D023801:Directly Observed Therapy; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications