title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis microbiologic and clinical treatment outcomes in a randomized trial of immediate versus CD4(+)-initiated antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults with a high CD4(+) cell count.
abstract: In a prospective randomized, controlled trial in Uganda comparing the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy during tuberculosis therapy with the efficacy of tuberculosis therapy alone in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis who have a CD4(+) cell count >350 cells/microL, it was found that antiretroviral therapy did not accelerate microbiologic, radiographic, or clinical responses to tuberculosis therapy: 18% of participants had sputum smears positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis after 5 months of tuberculosis therapy, despite having had negative culture results. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00078247 .
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. gabriel.chamie@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chamie
authors.forename: Edwin D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Charlebois
authors.forename: Padmini
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srikantiah
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walusimbi-Nanteza
authors.forename: Roy D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mugerwa
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mayanja
authors.forename: Alphonse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okwera
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Whalen
authors.forename: Diane V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Havlir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D014454:Uganda
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents