title: Cytoprotective effect of the fruits of Lycium chinense Miller against oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fruits of Lycium chinense Miller (Solanaceae), distributed in northeast Asia, have gained attraction for their hepatoprotective role in traditional oriental medicine. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is hazardous for living organisms and damage major cellular constituents such as DNA, lipid, and protein. The cytoprotective effect of Lycium chinense fruits (Lycium extract) was assessed against H(2)O(2)-induced Chang liver cell damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of Lycium extract against H(2)O(2)-induced cell death was determined by the MTT assay. Radical scavenging activity was determined through the assessments of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, intracellular ROS, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide. The inductions of antioxidant enzymes were determined via their protein expressions and activities. DNA damage was measured using comet assay and expression of phospho-histone H2A.X. Lipid peroxidation was measured using 8-isoprostane level and fluorescent probe. Protein modification was measured using protein carbonyl moiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lycium extract scavenged the DPPH free radicals, intracellular ROS, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide. Lycium extract recovered activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) decreased by H(2)O(2). Lycium extract decreased DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl values increased by H(2)O(2) exposure. In addition, Lycium extract increased the cell viability of Chang liver cells exposed to H(2)O(2) via inhibition of apoptosis. These results show that Lycium extract protected Chang liver cells against oxidative stressed cell damage by H(2)O(2) via scavenging ROS and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kyoung Ah
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Mei Jing
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.forename: Ki Cheon
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Areum Daseul
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sungwook
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Jong Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ui Joung
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.forename: Jin Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hyun
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004249:DNA Damage; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D032305:Lycium; D016877:Oxidants / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; C468783:H2AX protein, human; D006657:Histones; D016877:Oxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D015237:Dinoprost; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase