title: Long-term 12 year follow-up of X-linked congenital retinoschisis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the retinal structure and function during the progression of X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) from childhood to adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients clinically diagnosed with XLRS were investigated at 6-15 years of age (mean age 9 years) with a follow-up 8 to 14 years later (mean 12 years). The patients underwent regular ophthalmic examination as well as testing of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field (VF) and assessment of full-field electroretinography (ERG) during their first visit. During the follow-up, the same clinical protocols were repeated. In addition, macular structure and function was examined with multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The patients were 18-25 years of age (mean age 21 years) at the follow-up examination. All exons and exon-intron boundaries of RS1-gene were sequenced for gene mutations in 9 out of the 10 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Best corrected VA and VF were stable during this follow-up period. No significant progression in cone or rod function could be measured by full-field ERG. Multifocal electroretinography and OCT demonstrated a wide heterogeneity of macular changes in retinal structure and function at the time of follow-up visit. Three different mutations were detected in these nine patients, including a known nonsense mutation in exon 3, a novel insertion in exon 5 and an intronic mutation at 5' splice site of intron 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical follow-up (mean 12 years) of ten young XLRS patients (mean age of 9 years) with a typical congenital retinoschisis phenotype revealed no significant decline in retinal function during this time period. MfERG and OCT demonstrated a wide variety of macular changes including structure and dysfunction. The XLRS disease was relatively stable during this period of observation and would afford opportunity for therapy studies to judge benefit against baseline and against the fellow eye.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. sten.kjellstrom@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kjellström
authors.forename: Camasamudram
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vijayasarathy
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ponjavic
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sieving
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andréasson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D004596:Electroretinography; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D012042:Registries; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology*; D041441:Retinoschisis / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; C108726:RS1 protein, human