title: Testing the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the heart failure learning needs inventory.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To translate the Heart Failure Learning Needs Inventory into Chinese and to evaluate its psychometric properties in the Chinese population with heart failure (HF).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used a cross-sectional design. Instrument performance was measured on a convenience sample of 247 patients with HF recruited from the cardiac departments of 3 university-affiliated hospitals and repeated on 34 patients to examine the test-retest reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One item of advanced directives was deleted from the Chinese version of the instrument because of its poor culture relevance. The Chinese version demonstrated acceptable internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of .96 for the total scale and .77 to .89 for the subscales. The item-to-total correlation ranging from .54 to .85 provided further evidence of the instrument's internal consistency. The content validity index was .86, indicating satisfactory content validity. The test-retest reliability was satisfactory with an intraclass correlation coefficient of .96 for the total scale and .61 to .91 for the subscales. There were no significant differences in the total scale and subscale scores over 10 days (P > .05). This finding further supported the stability of the instrument. Moreover, principle component analysis revealed 9 factors, explaining 60.89% of the variance. Means of the subscales were relatively lower than that of the western countries. Furthermore, the means of 2 subscales, general HF information and lifestyle modification, were different among patients with New York Heart Association classifications I and IV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Chinese version of the Heart Failure Learning Needs Inventory is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the learning needs of patients with HF in Mainland China.
authors.affiliation: The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Sek Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chair
authors.forename: Carmen W H
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Meili
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002681:China; D032882:Comprehension; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires