title: Heightened conflict in cue-target translation increases backward inhibition in set switching.
abstract: Backward inhibition (BI) is a performance cost that occurs when an individual returns to a task after 1 (vs. more than 1) intervening trial, and it may reflect the inhibition of task-set components during switching. In 3 experiments, we support the theory that inhibition can target cue-based preparatory stages of a task. Participants performed a cued target-localization task that had been previously shown to produce BI. In Experiment 1, reassignment of arbitrary cue-target pairings midway through the experiment doubled the size of BI, though cue, target, and response sets remained unchanged. In Experiment 2, we controlled for effects of order of conditions or simple change of cue meaning. In Experiment 3, we demonstrated that the effect depends on re-pairing members of the same cue and target sets. The results are attributed to heightened conflict (and hence greater inhibition) during cue-target translation when a previously learned cue-target mapping is remapped.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, North Wales, United Kingdom. j.a.grange@bangor.ac.uk
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Grange
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Houghton
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001245:Association Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003463:Cues; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012718:Set, Psychology