title: ELISA-LOC: lab-on-a-chip for enzyme-linked immunodetection.
abstract: A miniature 96 sample ELISA-lab-on-a-chip (ELISA-LOC) was designed, fabricated, and tested for immunological detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB). The chip integrates a simple microfluidics system into a miniature ninety-six sample plate, allowing the user to carry out an immunological assay without a laboratory. Assay reagents are delivered into the assay plate without the need for separate devices commonly used in immunoassays. The ELISA-LOC was constructed using Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) technology to assemble six layers with an acrylic (poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)) core and five polycarbonate layers micromachined by a CO(2) laser. The ELISA-LOC has three main functional elements: reagent loading fluidics, assay and detection wells, and reagent removal fluidics, a simple "surface tension" valve used to control the flow. To enhance assay sensitivity and to perform the assay without a lab, ELISA-LOC detection combines several biosensing elements: (1) carbon nanotube (CNT) technology to enhance primary antibody immobilization, (2) sensitive ECL (electrochemiluminescence) detection, and (3) a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector for measuring the light signal generated by ECL. Using a sandwich ELISA assay, the system detected SEB at concentrations as low as 0.1 ng ml(-1), which is similar to the reported sensitivity of conventional ELISA. The fluidics system can be operated by a syringe and does not require power for operation. This simple point-of-care (POC) system is useful for carrying out various immunological assays and other complex medical assays without a laboratory.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, Office of Science and Engineering, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Minghui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yordan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kostov
authors.forename: Avraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rasooly
mesh_terms: D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon