title: Current experience with CTLA4-blocking monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of solid tumors.
abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) are a novel form of immunotherapy for treatment of patients with advanced cancers. These anti-CTLA4 mAbs prevent normal downregulation of the immune system, thus prolonging and enhancing T-cell activation and potentially promoting an antitumor immune response. Clinical studies in patients with advanced cancers have indicated that CTLA4 blockade with mAbs is associated with antitumor activity in a small percentage of patients and has a manageable toxicity profile. The key limitations for broader applicability of this mode of therapy are better definition of the mechanism that leads to tumor rejection and the validation of favorable observations in single-arm studies into prospectively randomized clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Hematology, St. Luke's Cancer Center, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjiv S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Agarwala
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human