title: Dual roles of PGE2-EP4 signaling in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
abstract: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although prostaglandin (PG) concentrations are increased in cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients, the role of PGs in MS is unknown. We examined this issue by subjecting mice deficient in each PG receptor type or subtype to EAE induction and using agonists or antagonists selective for each of the four PGE receptor (EP) subtypes. Among PG receptor-deficient mice, only EP4(-/-) mice manifested significant suppression of EAE, which was mimicked in wild-type mice and to a greater extent, in EP2(-/-) mice by administration of the EP4 antagonist ONO-AE3-208 during the immunization phase. EP4 antagonism during immunization also suppressed the generation of antigen-specific T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells in wild-type mice and to a greater extent, in EP2(-/-) mice. ONO-AE3-208 administration at EAE onset had little effect on disease severity, and its administration throughout the experimental period did not cause significant reduction of the peak of disease, suggesting that, in addition to its facilitative action during the immunization phase, EP4 exerts a preventive action in the elicitation phase. Administration of the EP4 agonist ONO-AE1-329 at EAE onset delayed and suppressed disease progression as well as inhibited the associated increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Thus, PGE(2) exerts dual functions in EAE, facilitating Th1 and Th17 cell generation redundantly through EP4 and EP2 during immunization and attenuating invasion of these cells into the brain by protecting the blood-brain barrier through EP4.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmacology and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyasu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Esaki
authors.forename: Youxian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Daiji
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Chengcan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Segi-Nishida
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Shuh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narumiya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010654:Phenylbutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C487890:4-(4-cyano-2-(2-(4-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)propionylamino)phenyl)butyric acid; D020381:Interleukin-17; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009281:Naphthalenes; C461399:ONO-AE1-329; C545644:PTGER2 protein, human; C545650:PTGER4 protein, human; D010654:Phenylbutyrates; C545645:Ptger2 protein, mouse; C545651:Ptger4 protein, mouse; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D015232:Dinoprostone