title: Polyarteritis nodosa with multiple aneurysms and renal arteriovenous fistula successfully diagnosed by colour Doppler sonography.
abstract: Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a vasculitis that typically affects small- and middle-sized arteries of multiple organs. The kidney is most commonly involved. To date, few cases of PAN involving the celiac artery and no cases of iliac artery or internal carotid artery involvement have been published. The most frequent lesions reported were due to occlusions and aneurysms. Finally, no cases of PAN causing arteriovenous fistula have been reported. Here we present a case of PAN with multiple aneurysms and renal arteriovenous fistula that was successfully diagnosed and followed-up by ultrasound. This case report describes the challenges in diagnosing PAN and highlights the importance of a holistic approach when encountering patients with multiple vascular diseases. Ultrasound should be considered the first-line approach in the diagnosis of PAN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, N0.1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: HongYan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: JianChu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: YuXin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: XiaoGuang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000783:Aneurysm / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D010488:Polyarteritis Nodosa / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000473:pathology*; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D003520:Cyclophosphamide