title: Modulation of sensory neuron-specific receptors in the development of morphine tolerance and its neurochemical mechanisms.
abstract: Prevention of opiate tolerance is a critical issue in pain management. The present study was designed to characterize the pharmacological properties of sensory neuron-specific receptors (SNSR; also known as Mas-related gene receptors, or Mrg) for their modulation in the development of morphine tolerance and to investigate the underlying mechanism(s). Daily coadministration of the SNSR agonist BAM8-22 at a dose of 0.01 or 0.001, but not 1.0, nmol with morphine (intrathecally, or i.t., 20 microg/day) for 6 days significantly decreased the development of morphine tolerance. Coadministration of BAM8-22 (i.t., 1.0 nmol) on days 1, 3, and 5 completely blocked tolerance to morphine-induced analgesia. Intermittent coadministration of the structurally dissimilar SNSR agonist (Tyr(6))-2-MSH-6-12 (MSH; 5 nmol) also produced similar modulation. Chronic administration of morphine (20 microg, i.t.) increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in superficial layers of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. All these increases were abolished when BAM8-22 or MSH was intermittently coadministered. Furthermore, intermittent administration of BAM8-22 inhibited morphine-induced increase in protein kinase C gamma (PKC gamma) in both membrane and cytosol of spinal dorsal horn neurons. These results suggest that moderate activation of SNSR modulated morphine tolerance by inhibition of the PKC signaling pathway, leading to abolishment of enhancement of nNOS and CGRP. As SNSR are uniquely located ina subset of small-sized neurons in dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia, intermittent combination of SNSR agonist could be a promising adjunct for sustained use of opiates without central nervous system side effects.
authors.affiliation: Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neurological Biology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peiwen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Meili
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yanding
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quirion
authors.forename: Yanguo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004361:Drug Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009074:Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology; D009020:Morphine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D011498:Protein Precursors; D009020:Morphine; D009074:Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide