title: Diffusion tensor imaging in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder reveals microstructural changes in the brainstem, substantia nigra, olfactory region, and other brain regions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD)--a parasomnia characterized by dream enactments--is a risk marker for the development of Parkinson disease (PD) and other alpha-synucleinopathies. The pathophysiology of iRBD is likely due to dysfunction of brainstem nuclei that regulate REM sleep. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a method for studying microstructural brain tissue integrity in vivo. We investigated whether DTI detects microstructural abnormalities in the brain of patients with iRBD--compared with age-matched control subjects--as an in vivo potential indicator for changes related to "preclinical (premotor)" neuropathology in PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with iRBD (n = 12) and age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 12) were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  At a 1.5T MRI maschine, whole-head DTI scans of fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity (a potential marker of neuronal loss), and radial diffusivity (a potential marker of glial pathology) were analyzed using track-based spatial statistics, and 2 types of group analysis tools (FreeSurfer and FSL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found significant microstructural changes in the white matter of the brainstem (P < 0.0001), the right substantia nigra, the olfactory region, the left temporal lobe, the fornix, the internal capsule, the corona radiata, and the right visual stream of the patients with iRBD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes were identified in regions known to be involved in REM-sleep regulation and/or to exhibit neurodegenerative pathology in iRBD and/or early PD. The study findings suggest that iRBD-related microstructural abnormalities can be detected in vivo with DTI, a widely available MRI technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcus M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belke
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Menzler
authors.forename: Johannes T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Heverhagen
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stiasny-Kolster
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosenow
authors.forename: Nico J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Diederich
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Jens C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: Wolfgang H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Oertel
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knake
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016880:Anisotropy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000473:pathology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000473:pathology