title: Cortical disinhibition occurs in chronic neuropathic, but not in chronic nociceptive pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between chronic neuropathic pain after incomplete peripheral nerve lesion, chronic nociceptive pain due to osteoarthritis, and the excitability of the motor cortex assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Hence in 26 patients with neuropathic pain resulting from an isolated incomplete lesion of the median or ulnar nerve (neuralgia), 20 patients with painful osteoarthritis of the hand, and 14 healthy control subjects, the excitability of the motor cortex was tested using paired-pulse TMS to assess intracortical inhibition and facilitation. These excitability parameters were compared between groups, and the relationship between excitability parameters and clinical parameters was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant reduction of intracortical inhibition in the hemisphere contralateral to the lesioned nerve in the neuralgia patients. Intracortical inhibition in the ipsilateral hemisphere of neuralgia patients and in both hemispheres of osteoarthritis patients did not significantly differ from the control group. Disinhibition was significantly more pronounced in neuralgia patients with moderate/severe pain intensity than in patients with mild pain intensity, whereas the relative compound motor action potential as a parameter of nerve injury severity did not correlate with the amount of disinhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest a close relationship between motor cortex inhibition and chronic neuropathic pain in the neuralgia patients, which is independent from nerve injury severity. The lack of cortical disinhibition in patients with painful osteoarthritis points at differences in the pathophysiological processes of different chronic pain conditions with respect to the involvement of different brain circuitry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, BG-Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany. peter.schwenkreis@rub.de
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schwenkreis
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scherens
authors.forename: Anne-Kathrin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rönnau
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Höffken
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tegenthoff
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation