title: Surgical repair of congenital mitral valve malformations in infancy and childhood: a single-center 36-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the results of surgical repair and determine predictors for the late outcome of congenital mitral valve dysplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative, operative and postoperative data were obtained from an institutional database; follow-up data came from regular clinical evaluation at our institution or elsewhere. Patients were divided into isolated and complex cases according to the complexity of associated lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1972 and 2008, 93 patients (43 male and 50 female patients) underwent mitral repair (median, 4.5 years; range, 0.16-19.8 years). Predominant mitral regurgitation was present in 52%. Associated cardiac anomalies were present in 72%. Sixty-one patients were in the complex group. All patients underwent successful mitral repair. Surgical repair was tailored to the patient's valve anatomy. Early death was 7.5%. The postoperative course was uneventful in 86% of patients. At a mean follow-up of 10.3 years (median, 8.4 years; completeness, 94%), late mortality is 8% (7 patients). Twelve patients underwent mitral reintervention (11 replacements and 1 repair). Among the 80 survivors, 82.5% were in New York Heart Association class I or II, and 61.2% had some degree of persistent mitral regurgitation or stenosis, despite stable hemodynamics. Stenosis is a statistically significant risk factor for surgical intervention at less than 1 year of age and is related to higher overall mortality and incidence of late cardiac failure and mitral dysfunction; parachute mitral valve is related to higher mortality and morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mitral valve repair shows acceptable early mortality and reoperation rates. Mitral malformations in the complex group are related to a significantly higher risk of reoperation on the mitral valve. Parachute mitral valve is associated with a higher rate of early mortality.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stellin
authors.forename: Massimo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Padalino
authors.forename: Vladimiro L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Vida
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boccuzzo
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orrù
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biffanti
authors.forename: Ornella
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Milanesi
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzucco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult