title: First characterization of bioactive components in soybean tempe that protect human and animal intestinal cells against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection.
abstract: Tempe extracts can inhibit the adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to intestinal cells and thereby can play a role in controlling ETEC-induced diarrhea. The component responsible for this adhesion inhibition activity is still unknown. This research describes the purification and partial characterization of this bioactive component of tempe. After heating, defatting, and protease treatment, the extracts were found to remain active. However, after treatment with polysaccharide-degrading enzyme mixtures the bioactivity was lost. Ultrafiltration revealed the active component to be >30 kDa. Further purification of the bioactive tempe extracts yielded an active fraction with an increased carbohydrate content of higher arabinose content than the nonactive fractions. In conclusion, the bioactive component contains arabinose and originates from the arabinan or arabinogalactan side chain of the pectic cell wall polysaccharides of the soybeans, which is probably released or formed during fermentation by enzymatic modifications.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University,Bomenweg 2, 6703HD Wageningen, The Netherlands. Petra.roubos@wur.nl
authors.forename: Petra J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Roubos-van den Hil
authors.forename: Henk A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Schols
authors.forename: M J Rob
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nout
authors.forename: Marcel H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zwietering
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gruppen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D054307:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005285:Fermentation; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000378:metabolism; D045730:Soy Foods / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts