title: The ten-year incidence of tinnitus among older adults.
abstract: As part of a population-based study in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, we estimated the 10-year cumulative incidence of tinnitus and its risk factors. Participants (n = 2922, aged 48-92 years) not reporting tinnitus at baseline (1993-1995) were followed for up to ten years. In addition to audiometric testing and anthropometric measures, data on tinnitus, health, and other history were obtained via questionnaire. Potential risk factors were assessed with discrete-time proportional hazards models. The 10-year cumulative incidence of tinnitus was 12.7%. The risk of developing tinnitus was significantly associated with: history of arthritis (hazard ratio (HR = 1.37), history of head injury (HR = 1.76), history of ever smoking (HR = 1.40), and among women, hearing loss (HR = 2.59). Alcohol consumption (HR = 0.63 for > or = 141 grams/week vs. <15 grams/week), age (among women, HR = 0.90 for each five-year increase in age), and among men, obesity (HR = 0.55), were associated with decreased risk. The risk of developing tinnitus was high for older adults, and associated with modifiable health and behavioral factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA. Nondahl@episense.wisc.edu
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nondahl
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cruickshanks
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wiley
authors.forename: Barbara E K
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chappell
authors.forename: Ted S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Tweed
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D001299:Audiometry; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology