title: How early is the atherosclerotic risk in rheumatoid arthritis?
abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic disease characterized by a reduced life expectancy mainly due to cardiovascular disease. In long-standing disease, it has been widely demonstrated that both traditional cardiovascular risk factors than chronic inflammation and immune-mediated mechanisms play a relevant role in atherosclerosis. Recently, it has been shown that the increased cardiovascular risk appears to precede rheumatoid arthritis onset and that particular immune and inflammatory factors, predating disease presentation, in association with a well-defined genetic background, may be associated with increased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with early disease. However, the effect of early immunosuppressive treatment on cardiovascular disease outcome remains uncertain. A multidisciplinary cardiovascular risk management is required to provide the better care of patients with RA at disease onset.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bartoloni
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alunno
authors.forename: Onelia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bistoni
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gerli
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000639:trends; D007249:Inflammation; D054596:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22 / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D016207:Cytokines; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; C516765:PTPN22 protein, human; D054596:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22