title: Impact of pressure recovery on echocardiographic assessment of asymptomatic aortic stenosis: a SEAS substudy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this analysis was to assess the diagnostic importance of pressure recovery in evaluation of aortic stenosis (AS) severity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although pressure recovery has previously been demonstrated to be particularly important in assessment of AS severity in groups of patients with moderate AS or small aortic roots, it has never been evaluated in a large clinical patient cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 1,563 patients in the SEAS (Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis) study was used. Inner aortic diameter was measured at annulus, sinus, sinotubular junction, and supracoronary level. Aortic valve area index (AVAI) was calculated by continuity equation and pressure recovery and pressure recovery adjusted AVAI (energy loss index [ELI]), by validated equations. Primarily, sinotubular junction diameter was used to calculate pressure recovery and ELI, but pressure recovery and ELI calculated at different aortic root levels were compared. Severe AS was identified as AVAI and ELI < or =0.6 cm(2)/m(2). Patients were grouped into tertiles of peak transaortic velocity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pressure recovery increased with increasing peak transaortic velocity. Overestimation of AS severity by unadjusted AVAI was largest in the lowest tertile and if pressure recovery was assessed at the sinotubular junction. In multivariate analysis, a larger difference between AVAI and ELI was associated with lower peak transaortic velocity (beta = 0.35) independent of higher left ventricular ejection fraction (beta = -0.049), male sex (beta = -0.075), younger age (beta = 0.093), and smaller aortic sinus diameter (beta = 0.233) (multiple R(2) = 0.18, p < 0.001). Overall, 47.5% of patients classified as having severe AS by AVAI were reclassified to nonsevere AS when pressure recovery was taken into account.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For accurate assessment of AS severity, pressure recovery adjustment of AVA must be routinely performed. Estimation of pressure recovery at the sinotubular junction is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany. Doc_Edda@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Edda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bahlmann
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cramariuc
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gerdts
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gohlke-Baerwolf
authors.forename: Christoph A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nienaber
authors.forename: Erlend
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eriksen
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wachtell
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: Karl Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kuck
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D001384:Azetidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005060:Europe; D000069438:Ezetimibe; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001384:Azetidines; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D019821:Simvastatin; D000069438:Ezetimibe