title: Magnetic resonance imaging of the canine elbow: an anatomic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the normal anatomy of the soft tissues stabilizing the canine elbow observed by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cadavers of large breed dogs (n=3).
  
  
  METHODS
  Immediately after euthanasia, T1- and T2-weighted MR images of both elbows of each dog were made in sagittal, transverse, and dorsal planes. Elbows were removed from the cadavers, embedded in a water bath, and frozen. Slab sections of the frozen elbows were obtained and matched with the MR images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On anatomic sections, all musculoskeletal structures could be identified. T1-weighted MR images provided the best anatomic detail, whereas T2-weighted MR images were best for synovial cavities. All musculoskeletal structures identified on the anatomic sections were visible on the MR images. The flexor tendons were best seen on the images in the sagittal and dorsal planes, whereas the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon was best seen on the transverse images. The extensor tendons and the lateral collateral ligament were visible on the images in transverse and dorsal planes. The biceps brachii and triceps muscles and tendons were best seen on the sagittal MR images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR is a useful imaging technique to observe the soft tissues of the canine elbow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This anatomic atlas could be used as a guide for interpretation of MR images of elbow disorders such as tendon, ligament, or muscle injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animals Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. yseult.baeumlin@ugent.be
authors.forename: Yseult
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baeumlin
authors.forename: Lieve
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Rycke
authors.forename: Annemie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Caelenberg
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Bree
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gielen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005552:Forelimb / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006811:Humerus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007596:Joints / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D011884:Radius / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014457:Ulna / Q000033:anatomy & histology