title: Frequent association of autism spectrum disorder in patients with childhood onset epilepsy.
abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a close relationship with epilepsy. This study retrospectively examined patients with epilepsy associated with ASD. Among the 519 patients with epilepsy, 79 patients (15.2%) had ASD. Sixty-two patients had idiopathic ASD and 17 had secondary ASD. The epilepsy patients with idiopathic ASD were retrospectively analyzed. There were 47 males and 15 females, ranging from 2 to 43 years of age (median 11 years). The most frequent age at the onset of seizures was 4 years, and 85% occurred before 10. ASD was detected after the onset of epilepsy in 29 cases (46.8%), and eight of them had been overlooked for more than five years. Most of these were high-functioning ASD cases. The most frequent type of seizure was a complex partial seizure (CPS; 68%). Paroxysmal activities on EEG were localized in the frontal area in about half of the cases. Multiple anti-epileptic drugs were used in 33.8% cases (two in 17.7%, three in 16.1%), and 67.3% of the patients were seizure-free for more than two years. An amelioration of the autistic symptoms occurred after epilepsy treatment in five cases (8%). CPS with frontal paroxysms occurring from one to nine years of age seems to be characteristic of epilepsy associated with ASD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan. matsuo@cc.saga-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Muneaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Kiyohisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Yuhei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants