title: Hyperlipidemia and long-term outcomes in nondiabetic chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dyslipidemia confers a paradoxical survival advantage in patients with kidney failure. Data are limited in the earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cohort study in 840 subjects with stage 3 to 4 CKD enrolled in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study. Cox models were used to examine the relationship of total cholesterol (TC), non-HDL-cholesterol (NHDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and progression to kidney failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean follow-up of 10 years, there were 208 deaths, 128 deaths from CVD, and 554 subjects reached kidney failure. There was no association between tertiles of any of the lipid variables and mortality; the lowest HDL-C tertile (1.44, 1.18 to 1.78) had increased risk of kidney failure but covariate adjustment abolished this association. In analyses with lipids as continuous variables, there was a significant association with all-cause mortality for TC (hazard ratio [HR] per 10-mg/dl increase, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.03, 1.0 to 1.06) that disappeared with covariate adjustment; there was no association of TG, HDL-C, and NHDL-C as continuous variables with all-cause or CVD mortality. There was a significant inverse association between HDL-C and kidney failure (HR = 0.93, CI = 0.87 to 0.99) in an unadjusted Cox model that was attenuated after adjustment for covariates (HR = 0.98 CI = 0.91 to 1.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cohort, with predominantly nondiabetic CKD patients, hyperlipidemia is not an independent predictor of long-term outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Varun
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chawla
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Gerald J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kusek
authors.forename: Allan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sarnak
authors.forename: Vandana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Menon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol