title: Microwave inactivation of Bacillus atrophaeus spores in healthcare waste.
abstract: Public healthcare wastes from the region of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, pre-sterilized in an autoclave, were inoculated with spores of Bacillus atrophaeus for microwave processing on a laboratory scale. The influence of waste moisture (40%, 50% and 60% wet basis), presence of surfactant, power per unit mass of waste (100, 150 and 200 W/kg) and radiation exposure time (from 5 to 40 min) on the heating curves was investigated. The most favorable conditions for waste heating with respect to moisture and use of surfactant were then applied in an experimental analysis of the degree of inactivation of B. atrophaeus spores as a function of time and power per unit mass of waste. Based on Chick's and Arrhenius laws, the experimental results were adjusted by the least squares method to determine the activation energies (9203-5782 J/mol) and the Arrhenius pre-exponential factor (0.23 min(-1)). The kinetic parameters thus obtained enabled us to predict the degree of inactivation achieved for B. atrophaeus spores in typical healthcare waste. The activation energy was found to decrease as the power per waste mass increased, leading to the conclusion that, in addition to the thermal effect on the inactivation of B. atrophaeus spores, there was an effect inherent to radiation.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Ribeirão Preto, Rua José Bonifácio, 799 13560-610, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: N G P
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: M D M
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Innocentini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pisani
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002138:Calibration; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007700:Kinetics; D008506:Medical Waste; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D008872:Microwaves; D010316:Particle Size; D013171:Spores, Bacterial; D013242:Sterilization; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances; D008506:Medical Waste; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal; D013501:Surface-Active Agents