title: Is there any relationship between cytokine spectrum of breast milk and occurence of eosinophilic colitis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to analyse cytokine composition of human milk and its relationship to the development of eosinophilic colitis (EC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytokines were measured by ELISA method in breast milk of 20 mothers of infants who developed EC and 20 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found significantly higher concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (Th1 cytokine) in breast milk received by EC infants compared to controls (p = 0.0004). In contrary, IL-18 (Th1-inducing cytokine) was significantly higher in breast milk received by healthy infants comparing to EC infants (p = 0.001). Regulatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) showed higher concentrations in breast milk received by healthy infants, although the difference from EC group was not significant (p = 0.072).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study showed that infants with EC were receiving breast milk with a possibly risky cytokine pattern indicating cytokine imbalance, impaired immunoregulation and the early Th1 shift.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durilova
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stechova
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petruzelkova
authors.forename: Vendula
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stavikova
authors.forename: Tereza
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ulmannova
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nevoral
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003092:Colitis / Q000209:etiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020382:Interleukin-18; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D007371:Interferon-gamma