title: Bronchodilator efficacy of single doses of indacaterol in Japanese patients with COPD: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Indacaterol is an investigational, novel, inhaled once-daily ultra-long-acting beta-2 agonist for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study evaluated the 24-h bronchodilatory efficacy and safety of indacaterol in Japanese patients with COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This Phase-II, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study comprised four double-blind, single-dose treatment periods (washout between periods: 14-28 days). Japanese patients aged 40-75 years with moderate-to-severe COPD were randomised to receive single doses of indacaterol (150, 300, or 600 microg) or placebo via a single-dose dry-powder inhaler. Efficacy (primary endpoint: standardised FEV(1)AUC(22-24h)) and safety were assessed for 24 h post-dose in each treatment period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 50 patients randomised (92% male; mean age, 67.2 years), 45 completed the study. Standardised FEV(1)AUC(22-24h) was significantly higher for all indacaterol doses as compared with placebo, with clinically relevant differences of 130, 160, and 170 mL for 150, 300, and 600 microg, respectively (P < 0.001). The improvement in FEV(1) was seen as early as 5 min post-dose with indacaterol and sustained for 24 h (P < 0.001 vs placebo at all time points). All indacaterol doses were well tolerated and showed no clinically meaningful effect on pulse rate, blood pressure, QTc interval, and laboratory parameters when compared with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the Japanese COPD population studied, single doses of indacaterol (150, 300, and 600 microg) provided sustained 24-h bronchodilation, with onset of action within 5 min post-dose. All doses were well tolerated. These results are consistent with data from Caucasian populations.
authors.affiliation: Kishiwada City Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Motokazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Makita Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makita
authors.affiliation: Kita 13-jo Naika Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.affiliation: Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuchi
authors.affiliation: Novartis Pharma KK, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: motoi.hosoe@novartis.com.
authors.forename: Motoi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosoe
authors.affiliation: Novartis Horsham Research Centre, Horsham, West Sussex, UK.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.affiliation: Novartis Horsham Research Centre, Horsham, West Sussex, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.affiliation: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D007189:Indans; D015363:Quinolones; C510790:indacaterol