title: Preclinical activity of a novel multiple tyrosine kinase and aurora kinase inhibitor, ENMD-2076, against multiple myeloma.
abstract: ENMD-2076 is a novel, orally-active molecule that has been shown to have significant activity against aurora and multiple receptor tyrosine kinases. We investigated the activity of ENMD-2076 against multiple myeloma (MM) cells in vitro and in vivo. ENMD-2076 showed significant cytotoxicity against MM cell lines and primary cells, with minimal cytotoxicity to haematopoietic progenitors. ENMD-2076 inhibited the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway and downregulated survivin and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis as early as 6 h after treatment. With longer treatment (24-48 h), ENMD-2076 also inhibited aurora A and B kinases, and induced G(2)/M cell cycle arrest. In non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice implanted with H929 human plasmacytoma xenografts, oral treatment with ENMD-2076 (50, 100, 200 mg/kg per day) resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of tumour growth. Immunohistochemical staining of excised tumours showed significant reduction in phospho-Histone 3 (pH3), Ki-67, and angiogenesis, and also a significant increase in cleaved caspase-3 at all dose levels compared to tumours from vehicle-treated mice. In addition, a significant reduction in p-FGFR3 was observed on Western blot. ENMD-2076 shows significant activity against MM cells in vitro and in vivo, and acts on several pathways important for myeloma cell growth and survival. These results provide preclinical rationale for clinical investigation of ENMD-2076 in MM.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Anthony L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sinn
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pollok
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sandusky
authors.forename: Shuhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Colin D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Crean
authors.forename: Attaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suvannasankha
authors.forename: Rafat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abonour
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sidor
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: Sherif S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Farag
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D064096:Aurora Kinase A; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000077022:Survivin; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D064096:Aurora Kinase A; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000077022:Survivin; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; C117749:Birc5 protein, mouse; C551397:ENMD 2076; C576918:Aurka protein, mouse