title: TFIIA and the transactivator Rap1 cooperate to commit TFIID for transcription initiation.
abstract: Transcription of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding genes by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is triggered by the binding of transactivating proteins to enhancer DNA, which stimulates the recruitment of general transcription factors (TFIIA, B, D, E, F, H) and Pol II on the cis-linked promoter, leading to pre-initiation complex formation and transcription. In TFIID-dependent activation pathways, this general transcription factor containing TATA-box-binding protein is first recruited on the promoter through interaction with activators and cooperates with TFIIA to form a committed pre-initiation complex. However, neither the mechanisms by which activation signals are communicated between these factors nor the structural organization of the activated pre-initiation complex are known. Here we used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the architecture of nucleoprotein complexes composed of TFIID, TFIIA, the transcriptional activator Rap1 and yeast enhancer-promoter DNA. These structures revealed the mode of binding of Rap1 and TFIIA to TFIID, as well as a reorganization of TFIIA induced by its interaction with Rap1. We propose that this change in position increases the exposure of TATA-box-binding protein within TFIID, consequently enhancing its ability to interact with the promoter. A large Rap1-dependent DNA loop forms between the activator-binding site and the proximal promoter region. This loop is topologically locked by a TFIIA-Rap1 protein bridge that folds over the DNA. These results highlight the role of TFIIA in transcriptional activation, define a molecular mechanism for enhancer-promoter communication and provide structural insights into the pathways of intramolecular communication that convey transcription activation signals through the TFIID complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology and Genomics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch, France.
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papai
authors.forename: Manish K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruhlmann
authors.forename: Justin H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Layer
authors.forename: P Anthony
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schultz
mesh_terms: D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000089804:Shelterin Complex; D034501:Telomere-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D035561:Transcription Factor TFIIA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D009698:Nucleoproteins; C440829:RAP1 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D000089804:Shelterin Complex; D034501:Telomere-Binding Proteins; D035561:Transcription Factor TFIIA; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID; D014157:Transcription Factors