title: Ethnic differences in chronic health conditions after hematopoietic cell transplantation: a report from the Bone Marrow Transplant Survivor Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hispanics have a greater risk of early treatment failure after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) compared with non-Hispanic whites. However, long-term morbidity among Hispanics has not been described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health-related outcomes were examined in 159 Hispanic patients and 825 non-Hispanic white patients who underwent HCT between 1974 and 1998 and survived a mean of 8.7 years. Patients completed a detailed questionnaire about sociodemographic factors and the occurrence of chronic health conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to total body irradiation (TBI) (odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-3.56; P = .03), the presence of chronic graft versus host disease (GvHD) (OR, 3.99; 95% CI, 1.94-8.24; P = .002), and health insurance coverage (OR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.5-8.01; P = .004), were associated significantly with severe/life-threatening conditions. Compared with non-Hispanic white patients, Hispanic patients were 53% less likely to report severe/life-threatening conditions (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.83; P = .009) after adjusting for relevant clinical variables. This effect size was mitigated (OR, 0.56; 95%CI, 0.29-1.08; P = .08) after adjusting for health insurance coverage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hispanics were less likely to report severe/life-threatening health conditions after HCT than non-Hispanic whites-a difference that decreased in magnitude and significance after taking health insurance into consideration. Although the current results confirmed the role of TBI and chronic GvHD, in the current study, the role of a lack of health insurance coverage was identified as a mediator of the lower prevalence of self-reported long-term morbidity in Hispanics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA.
authors.forename: Saro H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Armenian
authors.forename: Can-Lan
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jennifer Berano
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.forename: Mukta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: K Scott
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Liton
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: Smita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000208:ethnology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D017741:Survivors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data