title: Reassortment of pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza A virus in swine.
abstract: The emergence of pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza demonstrated that pandemic viruses could be generated in swine. Subsequent reintroduction of H1N1/2009 to swine has occurred in multiple countries. Through systematic surveillance of influenza viruses in swine from a Hong Kong abattoir, we characterize a reassortant progeny of H1N1/2009 with swine viruses. Swine experimentally infected with this reassortant developed mild illness and transmitted infection to contact animals. Continued reassortment of H1N1/2009 with swine influenza viruses could produce variants with transmissibility and altered virulence for humans. Global systematic surveillance of influenza viruses in swine is warranted.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vijaykrishna
authors.forename: L L M
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: O T W
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: G J D
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J S M
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Peiris
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guan
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005814:Genes, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D057221:Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011159:Population Surveillance; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013552:Swine / Q000821:virology*; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: C543345:H1N1 virus hemagglutinin; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D009439:Neuraminidase