title: Removal of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons (gasoline components) from air via bacterial biofiltration.
abstract: Two-stage biofilters (using perlite and granular activated carbon, GAC, as packing materials) were used for the removal of several linear, branched, and cyclic C(5)-C(8)saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons from air, both as individual chemicals and in mixtures. The acclimation of biofilters from styrene to n-heptane was complete in 14-18 days. The substrate switch resulted in significant changes in pH and microbial composition of biofilters. Subsequent experiments were conducted under steady state conditions at a constant EBRT of 123 s and near-neutral pH, assuring the predominantly bacterial (as opposed to fungal) biofilter population. n-Heptane was removed with consistently high, 87-100%, removal efficiencies (RE) for up to 16 g x m(-3) x h(-1) critical substrate loads in the perlite biofilter, while n-hexane and n-pentane exhibited significantly lower RE under similar conditions. The REs for iso-octane and cyclohexane were less than 10% under similar loads; n-heptane biodegradation was consistently ca. 10% lower in the presence of iso-octane than in its absence. The GAC biofilter showed a significantly lower efficiency than the perlite biofilter (the critical load, yielding RE > 90%, was only 5 g x m(-3) x h(-1) for n-heptane). Evidence obtained indicates that the rate limiting step for mixed culture biofiltration of aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures is biodegradation rather than mass transfer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Fermentation Chemistry and Bioengineering, Prague, Czech Republic. Jan.Paca@vscht.cz
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paca
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halecky
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vanek
authors.forename: Evguenii
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kozliak
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods*; D005742:Gasoline; D006536:Heptanes / Q000378:metabolism; D006586:Hexanes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005742:Gasoline; D006536:Heptanes; D006586:Hexanes; C026385:n-hexane; C028618:n-heptane