title: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 polymorphisms (-844 G>A and HindIII C>G) in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with clinical variables.
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against nuclear autoantigens as well as cytoplasmic and circulating proteins. Recent studies have demonstrated mechanisms responsible for modulation of the immune response by the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Furthermore, the endogenous PAI-1 has shown to promote a Th2 immune response. We assessed the -844 G>A and HindIII C>G PAI-1 polymorphisms in SLE. In a case-control study of 71 SLE patients classified according to ACR criteria and 71 healthy subjects (HS). The A allele of -844 PAI-1 polymorphism showed a significant difference in SLE patients (41%) when compared with HS (27%) [P = 0.01; OR = 1.8, 95%, CI = 1.1-3.0]. In addition, the -844 G>A PAI-1 polymorphism was associated with increased risk for SLE in a dominant genetic model (G/G vs. G/A + A/A; OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.14-4.44). Also, anti-RNP positive antibodies in SLE were associated with G/G -844 PAI-1 genotype. The HindIII polymorphism did not show any differences. The haplotype analysis showed that the AC haplotype confers susceptibility to SLE (OR = 3.1, 95% CI, 1.45-6.52; P = 0.003). The AC haplotype of the -844 and HindIII PAI-1 polymorphism might be an additional susceptibility factor to SLE in Mexicans.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Insurgentes 244-1, Colonia Lomas de Atemajac, 45178 Zapopan, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Jorge Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Padilla-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Claudia Azucena
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Palafox-Sánchez
authors.forename: Yeminia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orozco-Barocio
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oregón-Romero
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Del Mercado
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rangel-Villalobos
authors.forename: Mara Anaís
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Llamas-Covarrubias
authors.forename: José Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Valle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human