title: Oral misoprostol and vaginal isosorbide mononitrate for labor induction: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate whether vaginal isosorbide mononitrate, added to oral misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction, shortens time to vaginal delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized trial was conducted. Women scheduled for labor induction between 32 and 42 weeks and with unfavorable cervices (modified Bishop score 6 or lower) were randomized to receive oral misoprostol every 4 hours, up to four doses, with or without isosorbide mononitrate every 6 hours, up to two doses. A strict protocol was used, including timing of oxytocin use and amniotomy. Side effects were assessed 6 hours after study initiation. One hundred forty-two patients were required to detect a change in time to vaginal delivery of 4 hours (alpha=.05 and beta=.20). Data were analyzed by intent to treat. Student's t, chi square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney tests were used where appropriate with P< or =.05 deemed significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred fifty-six women were randomized; three were excluded after randomization. Seventy-eight women received misoprostol, and 78 received misoprostol with isosorbide mononitrate. Demographic characteristics were similar between groups. The time to vaginal delivery was not reduced when isosorbide mononitrate was added to misoprostol. Cesarean delivery rates and contraction and fetal heart rate abnormalities were similar between groups. Side effects were also similar between groups, except that women given isosorbide mononitrate experienced headaches more often. Neonatal outcomes were similar between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of vaginal isosorbide mononitrate to oral misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction did not reduce time to vaginal delivery and was associated with a greater incidence of headache.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00374621.
  
  
  METHODS
  I.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, Lucile S. Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, California; and the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Justin P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Collingham
authors.forename: Katherine C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Fuh
authors.forename: Aaron B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Caughey
authors.forename: Kristin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pullen
authors.forename: Deirdre J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lyell
authors.forename: Yasser Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
mesh_terms: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000139:chemically induced; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014590:Uterine Contraction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; D016595:Misoprostol; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate; C030397:isosorbide-5-mononitrate