title: Two cases of platelet transfusion refractoriness associated with anti-CD36.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibodies to platelet (PLT) glycoprotein (GP) IV (CD36) have been implicated in rare cases of PLT refractoriness, particularly in non-Caucasians. We report two cases of PLT transfusion refractoriness linked to anti-CD36.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 5-year-old female of Lebanese descent and a 70-year-old male of Chinese descent both failed to respond to HLA-matched PLT transfusions during acute myelogenous leukemia induction therapy. Antibody screening was performed using a PLT antibody solid-phase kit (PAKPLUS, GTI Diagnostics), followed by the monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of PLT antigen (MAIPA) test and, for the second case, the modified antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MACE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both patients demonstrated antibody to GP IV (CD36) on the PAKPLUS assay. On MAIPA testing, both phenotyped as CD36 negative. Anti-CD36 was demonstrated by MAIPA in the first case. In the second case, antibodies were not detected by MAIPA and variably detectable by MACE, depending on the mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb) used. Because no Canadian CD36-negative donors were available, antigen-negative plateletpheresis units from the BloodCenter of Wisconsin were successfully transfused.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two cases of clinically significant CD36 antibodies are reported. Investigation of one case was complicated by steric inhibition of binding in the MAIPA and MACE assays with certain MoAbs. The cases demonstrate the importance of maintaining an ethnically diverse pool of rare donors and the value of international cooperation in the management of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Platelet Immunology Laboratory, Canadian Blood Services, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Chee-Loong
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Saw
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Szykoluk
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: Shayna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zelcer
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Forrest
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nickerson
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Petraszko
authors.forename: Mindy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016824:Antigens, Human Platelet / Q000276:immunology; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D017713:Platelet Transfusion; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D016824:Antigens, Human Platelet; D018955:CD36 Antigens; D007518:Isoantibodies