title: Molecular approaches to treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a highly complex disease resistant to commonly used chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As the sixth most common cancer worldwide with the third highest mortality rate and very poorly understood molecular pathways driving hepatocarcinogenesis, new treatment strategies are urgently needed for this devastating disease. The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib was the first molecular targeted drug in HCC that led to significant survival benefit in patients with advanced tumors. It is the first drug to be considered standard of care for advanced HCC and supports the importance of molecular therapies in the treatment of this cancer. Analyses of genetic and epigenetic alterations as well as different molecular pathways involved in the development of HCC help to identify potential new druggable targets. A variety of novel compounds are already under preclinical or clinical investigation, and accumulating evidence suggests that combination therapy targeting different pathways will potentiate anti-tumoral effects and will become the future therapeutic approach. In addition the establishment of a robust molecular classification will pave the way for a more personalized treatment scheme in HCC. In this article we review the current knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of HCC and provide an overview of molecular targeted therapies in the management of HCC.
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lachenmayer
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alsinet
authors.forename: Charissa Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Llovet
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015195:Drug Design; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases