title: Assessment of non-point sources of fecal pollution in coastal waters of Puerto Rico and Trinidad.
abstract: Traditional and molecular methods (PCR) were used to detect, quantify and identify the source of fecal pollution in coastal sites of Puerto Rico and Trinidad. Enterococci and Escherichia coli standard plate counts were used as a general indicator of fecal contamination while the PCR detection of Bifidobacteria adolescentis and human or bovine specific Bacteroidales were used to examine potential sources. Seven of 14 sites in Trinidad including Maracas Bay which is a major public beach contained significant fecal contamination based on enterococci numbers counts exceeding established thresholds for areas of direct contact. Forty six percent of the 27 stations in Puerto Rico were over the established thresholds for enterococci and 49% according to E. coli counts. About 31% of the stations examined in Puerto Rico had evidence of human derived fecal contamination. Human fecal pollution was detected in only one station from Trinidad. Bovine derived contamination was detected only once.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Campus Box 81, Milledgeville, GA 31061-0490, USA. dave.bachoon@gcsu.edu
authors.forename: Dave S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bachoon
authors.forename: Shanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Markand
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: Garvin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Adesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramsubhag
authors.forename: Adash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramsubaugh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D011647:Puerto Rico; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D014300:Trinidad and Tobago; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants