title: A poor prognosis for autonomy: self-regulated cosmetic surgery in the United Kingdom.
abstract: In recent years, cosmetic surgery in the United Kingdom, which is provided almost entirely by the private sector, has gained in popularity despite evidence of its potential risks to patients. Over 32,000 procedures were reported by one association of cosmetic surgeons alone in 2007, three times more than in 2003. This article examines the regulation of cosmetic surgery in the UK, in light of the need for informed consent and the importance of patient autonomy. Since 2000, the government has attempted through legislation covering all health care provision to regulate cosmetic surgeons' qualifications, patient rights to information, and the inspection and registration of premises. However, the risk to patients from unregistered and poorly qualified surgeons, and from private clinics with a poor quality of care, has still not been adequately addressed. Moreover, ensuring informed consent and the maintenance of standards has been left to professional self-regulation. An independent, government-funded umbrella organisation with lay representation and sufficient powers of registration and inspection of all relevant cosmetic surgery practitioners is needed to fully protect patients, and should have its roots in specific legislation governing cosmetic surgery.
authors.affiliation: School of Law, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK. m.latham@mmu.ac.uk
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Latham
mesh_terms: D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D010358:Patient Participation; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D013518:Surgery, Plastic; D006113:United Kingdom