title: Comparison of two instructional modalities for nursing student CPR skill acquisition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to compare performance based measures of CPR skills (compressions, ventilations with bag-valve-mask (BVM), and single rescuer CPR) from two types of CPR courses: a computer-based course (HeartCode BLS) with voice advisory manikin (VAM) feedback and instructor-led (IL) training with traditional manikins.
  
  
  METHODS
  604 nursing students from 10 schools of nursing throughout the United States were randomized by school to course type. After successful course completion, students performed 3min each of compressions; ventilations with BVM; and single rescuer CPR on a Laerdal Resusci Anne SkillReporter manikin. The primary outcome measures were: (1) compression rate, (2) percentage of compressions performed with adequate depth, (3) percentage of compressions performed with correct hand placement, (4) number of ventilations/min, and (5) percentage of ventilations with adequate volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in compression rates between the two courses. However, students with HeartCode BLS with VAM training performed more compressions with adequate depth and correct hand placement and had more ventilations with adequate volume than students who had IL courses particularly when learning on hard molded manikins. During single rescuer CPR, students who had HeartCode BLS with VAM training had more compressions with adequate depth and ventilations with adequate volume than students with IL training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Students who trained using HeartCode BLS and practiced with VAMs performed more compressions with adequate depth and ventilations with adequate volume than students who had IL courses. Results of this study provide evidence to support use of HeartCode BLS with VAM for training nursing students in CPR.
authors.affiliation: Washington State University, College of Nursing, Box 1495, Spokane, Washington 99210, United States.
authors.forename: Suzan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kardong-Edgren
authors.forename: Marilyn H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Oermann
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Odom-Maryon
authors.forename: Yeongmi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ha
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education / Q000451:nursing*; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards*; D013338:Students, Nursing