Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
Mitochondria are important integrators of cellular function and therefore affect the homeostatic balance of the cell. Besides their important role in producing adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria are involved in the control of cytosolic calcium concentration, metabolism of key cellular intermediates, and Fe/S cluster biogenesis and contributed to programmed cell death. Mitochondria are also one of the major cellular producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several human pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased ROS damage. This article reviews how dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and several human cancers.
de Moura
Michelle Barbi
MB
Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
dos Santos
Lucas Santana
LS
Van Houten
Bennett
B
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate