Performance of mechanical filters and respirators for capturing nanoparticles--limitations and future direction.
There is an increasing concern about the health hazard posed to workers exposed to inhalation of nanoparticles. Inhaling nanoparticles possess an occupational hazard due to elevated amount emitted to the atmosphere and working environment. Nanoparticles have potential toxic properties: the high particle surface area, number concentration, and surface reactivity. Inhalation, the most common route of nanoparticle exposure, has been shown to cause adverse effects on pulmonary functions and the deposited particles in the lung can be translocated to the blood system by passing through the pulmonary protection barriers. Filtration is the simplest and most common method of aerosol control. It is widely used in mechanical ventilation and respiratory protection. However, concerns have been raised regarding the effectiveness of the filters for capturing nanoparticles. This paper reviews the literature on the filtration performance of mechanical filters and respirators against nanoparticles. It includes the discussion about filtration mechanisms, theoretical models, affecting factors of the filtration efficiency, and testing protocols for respirator and filter certification.
Mostofi
Reza
R
Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada.
Wang
Bei
B
Haghighat
Fariborz
F
Bahloul
Ali
A
Jaime
Lara
L
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D053758:Nanoparticles; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012134:Respiratory Protective Devices / Q000592:standards*
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational