title: Utilization of healthcare resources by U.S. children and adults with inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) affect over 1 million people in the United States, yet little is known about healthcare utilization by affected individuals. The objectives were to describe the healthcare utilization associated with IBD in an insured U.S. population and to determine how sociodemographic factors impact healthcare utilization in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using an administrative database comprised of 87 health plans, we ascertained cases of CD and UC using an administrative definition. We identified inpatient, office-based, emergency (ED), and endoscopy services occurring between 2003-2004 in IBD patients and matched controls. For each case, excess utilization was determined by subtracting the mean number of control visits from the number of case visits. Multivariate logistic and linear regressions were used to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with excess utilization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 9056 CD patients and 10,364 UC patients. The mean number of annual excess hospitalizations, ED visits, and office visits per 100 patients for CD were 21.7, 20.1, and 493, respectively. These values for UC were 13.3, 10.3, and 364, respectively. In general, utilization was higher in CD compared with UC, and in younger patients compared with older patients. Utilization also varied by gender, geographical region, and insurance type (Medicaid versus commercial).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the U.S., patients with IBD consume substantial healthcare resources. Resource utilization varies by patient age and disease type, and to a lesser extent, gender, geographical region, and insurance type. These findings may be used to inform health policy.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. michael_kappelman@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kappelman
authors.forename: Carol Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Galanko
authors.forename: Sheryl L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rifas-Shiman
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ollendorf
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult