title: Contextual risk factors for regional distribution of Japanese encephalitis in the People's Republic of China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the contextual risk factors for the regional distribution of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in the People's Republic of China to enhance the prevention and control of JE.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to analyse the association between the epidemic of JE and its contextual risk factors with an emphasis on the proportion of rice-planting area, the extent of pig rearing and the proportion of rural population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest risk of JE was observed in the southwestern and the central areas of P.R. China, characterized by high proportions of rice-planting area, rural population and extent of pig rearing. These contextual determinants seem to govern the risk of JE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In P.R. China, an effective surveillance system should be established in the high-risk regions of JE; immunization coverage for the prevention of JE should be expanded in rural areas, and mosquito-control efforts should be made to enhance the prevention and control of JE.
authors.affiliation: West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Mingqin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Zijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Junhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jiaqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xiaosong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012275:Oryza; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult