title: Halorubrum aquaticum sp. nov., an archaeon isolated from hypersaline lakes.
abstract: Two halophilic archaea, strains EN-2(T) and SH-4, were isolated from the saline lakes Erliannor and Shangmatala, respectively, in Inner Mongolia, China. Cells were strictly aerobic, motile rods. Colonies were red. Strains EN-2(T) and SH-4 were able to grow at 25-50 °C (optimum 35-40 °C), with 2.5-5.0 M NaCl (optimum 3.4 M NaCl) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.5). MgCl(2) was not required for growth. Cells lysed in distilled water and the lowest NaCl concentration that prevented cell lysis was 12 % (w/v). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains EN-2(T) and SH-4 were closely related to Halorubrum cibi B31(T) (97.9 and 98.0 % similarity, respectively), Hrr. tibetense 8W8(T) (97.3 and 97.7 %), Hrr. alkaliphilum DZ-1(T) (96.8 and 97.1 %), Hrr. luteum CGSA15(T) (96.8 and 97.0 %) and Hrr. lipolyticum 9-3(T) (96.8 and 97.0 %). DNA-DNA hybridization showed that strains EN-2(T) and SH-4 did not belong to the same species as any of these strains (≤ 45 % DNA-DNA relatedness) but that they are members of the same species (>70 % DNA-DNA relatedness). Polar lipid analysis revealed that strains EN-2(T) and SH-4 contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, sulfated diglycosyl diethers and several unidentified glycolipids. The DNA G+C content of both isolates was 62.1 mol%. It was concluded that strains EN-2(T) and SH-4 represent a novel species of the genus Halorubrum, for which the name Halorubrum aquaticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EN-2(T) ( = CECT 7174(T)  = CGMCC 1.6377(T)  = JCM 14031(T)).
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corral
authors.affiliation: Halophiles Research Institute, 677-1 Shimizu, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken 278-0043, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamekura
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ventosa
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D019641:DNA, Archaeal / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D055352:Halorubrum / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D019641:DNA, Archaeal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012965:Sodium Chloride