title: Chlordecone exposure and risk of prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determining whether environmental estrogens are associated with the risk of prostate cancer may have important implications for our general understanding of this disease. The estrogenic insecticide chlordecone was used extensively in the French West Indies, contaminating the population for more than 30 years. We analyzed the relationship between exposure to chlordecone and the risk of prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 623 men with prostate cancer and 671 controls. Exposure was analyzed according to case-control status, using either current plasma concentration or a cumulative exposure index based on years of exposure. We genotyped two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3829125 and rs17134592) in the gene encoding chlordecone reductase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant increase in the risk of prostate cancer with increasing plasma chlordecone concentration (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; 95% CI, 1.21 to 2.58 for the highest tertile of values above the limit of detection [LD]; P trend = .002) and for cumulative exposure index (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.88 for the highest quartile; P trend = .004). Stronger associations were observed among those with a positive family history of prostate cancer and among those who had lived in a Western country. The rs3829125 and rs17134592 allele variants were in complete linkage disequilibrium and were found at low frequency (0.04). Among subjects with plasma chlordecone concentrations above the LD, carriers of the allele variants had a higher risk of prostate cancer (OR, 5.23; 95% CI, 0.82 to 33.32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the hypothesis that exposure to environmental estrogens increases the risk of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Faculté de Médecine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U625, Guadeloupe, French West Indies. luc.multigner@inserm.fr
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Multigner
authors.forename: Jean Rodrigue
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ndong
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giusti
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romana
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Delacroix-Maillard
authors.forename: Sylvaine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cordier
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jégou
authors.forename: Jean Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Thome
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blanchet
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D007631:Chlordecone / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000819:agonists; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D007306:Insecticides; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C048338:trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase; D007631:Chlordecone