title: Effective bowel cleansing before colonoscopy: a randomized study of split-dosage versus non-split dosage regimens of high-volume versus low-volume polyethylene glycol solutions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adequate bowel cleansing is essential for a high-quality, effective, and safe colonoscopy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the degree of colon cleansing comparing split-dosage versus non-split-dosage intake of two different polyethylene glycol (PEG) volumes (low-volume PEG + ascorbic acid vs standard-volume PEG-electrolyte solution) and to identify predictors of poor bowel cleansing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-blind, active control, randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary-care institutions in Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved adult patients undergoing elective colonoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colonoscopy with different bowel preparation methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Degree of bowel cleansing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We randomized 895 patients, and 868 patients were finally included in intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Overall compliance was excellent (97%) for both preparation methods. No difference in tolerability was recorded. Palatability was superior with low volume compared with high volume (acceptable or good 58% vs 51%, respectively, P < .005), independently of intake schedule. PEG plus ascorbic acid produced the same degree of cleansing as standard-volume PEG-electrolyte solution (77% vs 73.4%, respectively, within the split-dosage group and 41.7% vs 44.3%, respectively, within the non-split-dosage group). Independently of PEG volumes, the split-dosage regimen produced markedly superior cleansing results over the same-day method (good/excellent 327/435, 75.2% vs 186/433, 43.0%, P = .00001). Maximum cleansing was observed in colonoscopies performed within 8 hours from the last fluid intake versus over 8 hours from the last fluid intake (P < .001). The degree of bowel cleansing affected both cecal intubation (failed intubation 11.7% with fair/poor preparation vs 1.2% with good/excellent preparation, P = .00001) and polyp detection rates (12.2% with fair/poor vs 24.6% with good/excellent preparation, P = .001). Aborted procedures were significantly more frequent in the non-split-dosage arm (21.2% vs 6.9%, odds ratio [OR] 3.60 [2.29-5.77], P < .0001). Independent predictors of poor bowel cleansing were male sex (OR 1.45 [1.08-1.96], P = .014) and a non-split-dosage bowel preparation schedule (OR 2.08 [1.89-2.37], P = .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-volume PEG plus ascorbic acid is as effective as high-volume PEG-electrolyte solution but has superior palatability. A split-dosage schedule is the most effective bowel cleansing method. Colonoscopy should be performed within 8 hours of the last fluid intake.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Curto Hospital, Polla, Italy. ricmarmo1@virgilio.it
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marmo
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rotondano
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riccio
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marone
authors.forename: Maria Antonia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: Italo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stroppa
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pandolfo
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sansone
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gregorio
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Alvano
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Procaccio
authors.forename: Pina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capo
authors.forename: Clelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marmo
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cipolletta
mesh_terms: D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004733:Enema / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols