title: Advances in multimodality imaging through a hybrid PET/MRI system.
abstract: The development of integrated imaging systems for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) is currently being explored in a number of laboratories and industrial settings. PET/MRI scanners for both preclinical and human research applications are being developed. PET/MRI overcomes many limitations of PET/computed tomography (CT), such as limited tissue contrast and high radiation doses delivered to the patient or the animal being studied. In addition, recent PET/MRI designs allow for simultaneous rather than sequential acquisition of PET and MRI data, which could not have been achieved through a combination of PET and CT scanners. In a combined PET/CT scanner, while both scanners share a common patient bed, they are hard-wired back-to-back and therefore do not allow simultaneous data acquisition. While PET/MRI offers the possibility of novel imaging strategies, it also creates considerable challenges for acquiring artifact-free images from both modalities. In this review, we discuss motivations, challenges, and potential research applications of developing PET/MRI technology. A brief overview of both MRI and PET is presented and preclinical and clinical applications of PET/MRI are identified. Finally, issues and concerns about image quality, clinical practice, and economic feasibility are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. fatemia@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fatemi-Ardekani
authors.forename: Navid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Samavati
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Markad V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Kamath
mesh_terms: D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000639:trends*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000639:trends*; D013382:Subtraction Technique / Q000639:trends*