title: Characterization of additional sewage treatment technologies: ecotoxicological effects and levels of selected pharmaceuticals, hormones and endocrine disruptors.
abstract: In the present study, two conventional (with and without sand filter) and four additional (moving bed biofilm reactor, ozone, moving bed biofilm reactor combined with ozone and a membrane bio reactor) treatment technologies were operated in small-scale at Hammarby Sjöstad sewage treatment plant, Stockholm, Sweden. The effluents were tested with five short-term (≤ 7 days exposure) ecotoxicological tests, and analyzed for a number of target analytes, comprising pharmaceuticals, natural hormones and industrial chemicals. Overall, the tested effluents generated few adverse effects at lower concentrations (< 50% sewage effluent), and no major differences were observed between any of the treatments. The effluent treated with the moving bed biofilm reactor resulted in the lowest effects in the ecotoxicological tests. The most efficient treatment technology with regard to the pharmaceutical residues was the ozone treatment, which however caused negative effects in some of the ecotoxicological tests.
authors.affiliation: Stockholm University, Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. elin.lundstrom@itm.su.se
authors.forename: Elin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lundström
authors.forename: Margaretha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adolfsson-Erici
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alsberg
authors.forename: Berndt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Björlenius
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eklund
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lavén
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breitholtz
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D019149:Bioreactors; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000187:drug effects; D003445:Crustacea / Q000187:drug effects; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D006728:Hormones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D010126:Ozone / Q000378:metabolism; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000187:drug effects; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013548:Sweden; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014733:Vibrio / Q000187:drug effects; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D006728:Hormones; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010126:Ozone