title: Preoperative localization of cystic lesions in the knee using ultrasound-guided injection of indigo carmine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of preoperative localization of cystic lesions in the knee using ultrasound-guided indigo carmine injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three cysts in the knee in 23 patients (M:F = 15:8, mean age, 42 years) were localized preoperatively by ultrasound-guided indigo carmine injection. These included 12 meniscal cysts, 7 popliteal cysts, and 4 ganglion cysts. To stain the lesions, 0.2-3 mL of indigo carmine was injected into the cyst using a 22-gauge spinal needle. After localization, the patient was immediately transferred to the operating room and surgery was performed. Intraoperative findings and arthroscopic images were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 23 cysts were stained successfully. Twenty cases were confirmed during arthroscopy and 3 cases were confirmed during excisional surgery. There was no significant bleeding/hematoma or anaphylactic reaction. Four patients felt pain during aspiration before indigo carmine injection. The lesions were stained blue and could be clearly identified by the surgeon and were removed arthroscopically or by open surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative localization of cystic lesions in the knee joint region using ultrasound-guided indigo carmine injection is a feasible technique and can be easily and safely be performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Myoungji Hospital, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Koyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung-Moon
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung-Ah
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Noh-Hyuck
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyung-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003560:Cysts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D045888:Ganglion Cysts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007203:Indigo Carmine; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D011151:Popliteal Cyst / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007203:Indigo Carmine