title: Management of pain associated with debridement of leg ulcers: a randomized, multicentre, pilot study comparing nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture inhalation and lidocaïne-prilocaïne cream.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mechanical debridement of fibrin and/or necrosis promotes healing of arterial and venous leg ulcers but is limited by pain associated with the procedure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main objective of this study was to compare the respective analgesic effect of nitrous oxide oxygen mixture (NOOM) inhalation and lidocaïne-prilocaïne cream (LPC) application during the mechanical repeated debridement of chronic arterial and venous leg ulcers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized, multicentre, open-label study, pain was evaluated before and after each care and debridement session using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and a Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), in the context of usual debridement and wound care process. The Quality of debridement and tolerability of the treatments were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one patients were randomized: 20 received NOOM and 21 LPC. Pain assessed by VAS and VRS was more intense in the NOOM group than in the LPC group (5.29 vs. 3.68 and 2.87 vs. 1.71, P<0.001, for the two scales respectively). No differences were found concerning quality of debridement, safety or tolerability between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study demonstrates the superiority of the LPC over NOOM for pain control during the mechanical debridement of chronic leg ulcers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Fournier Hospital, University Henri Poincaré, Nancy, France. antoine.claeys@hotmail.fr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Claeys
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaudy-Marqueste
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pauly
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Truchetet
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boye
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aubin
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Schmutz
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Grob
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Richard
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003646:Debridement / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007871:Leg Ulcer / Q000628:therapy*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009824:Ointments; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059408:Pain Management; D017288:Pain Threshold; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011318:Prilocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009824:Ointments; D011318:Prilocaine; D008012:Lidocaine; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D010100:Oxygen