title: The development of the S-QoL 18: a shortened quality of life questionnaire for patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The S-QoL 41 is a French self-administered questionnaire that assesses quality of life (QoL) among people with schizophrenia. This study aims to validate a shortened version of the S-QoL for more widespread use in clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from four studies conducted in four psychiatric hospitals in France (n=507). The item reduction and validation processes were based on both item response theory and classical test theory. The final version of the S-QoL was tested for construct validity, reliability, external validity, reproducibility and sensitivity to change. In addition, differential item functioning (DIF) analyses were performed to see whether all items behave in the same way in subgroups divided by age, gender, educational level and clinical form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The S-QoL 18 evaluates eight dimensions: psychological well-being, self-esteem, family relationships, relationships with friends, resilience, physical well-being, autonomy and sentimental life. The factor structure accounted for 78% of the total variance. Internal consistency was satisfactory (item-internal consistency greater than 0.40; Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.72 to 0.84). The scalability was satisfactory, with INFIT statistics within an acceptable range. In addition, the results confirmed the absence of DIF and supported the invariance of the item calibrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The S-QoL 18 is a short self-administered QoL instrument that has a high degree of comparability with S-QoL 41 and presents satisfactory psychometric properties. Future studies should confirm its sensitivity to change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, La Timone University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France. laurent.boyer@ap-hm.fr
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: Marie-Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Simeoni
authors.forename: Anderson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loundou
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: D'Amato
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reine
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lancon
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Auquier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires