title: Subsequent higher education after adolescent depression: a 15-year follow-up register study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescent depression has been shown to have a range of adverse outcomes. We used longitudinal data to investigate subsequent higher education in former depressed adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Swedish population-based investigation of depression in 16-17-year-olds was followed up in national registers 15 years later. Adolescents with depression (n=361, 78% females) were compared to a group of non-depressed peers of the same age (n=248, 77% females). The main outcome was graduation from higher education by age 30.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adolescent with depression were less likely than their non-depressed peers to have graduated from higher education by age 30, both regarding females (27.7% vs. 36.4%, p<.05) and males (12.7% vs. 28.6%, p<.05). After adjustment for early school performance, socioeconomic status and maternal education, the decreased likelihood of subsequent graduation from higher education remained for depressed males (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08-0.93) but not for depressed females (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.58-1.49).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrary to what previous research has suggested, adolescent depression and its consequences might be particularly destructive to subsequent higher education in males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. ulf.jonsson@neuro.uu.se
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bohman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjern
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: von Knorring
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: von Knorring
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression; D003866:Depressive Disorder; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012042:Registries; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D013548:Sweden; D014495:Universities