title: The quest for new anticoagulants: from clinical development to clinical practice.
abstract: The vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have been the standard treatment of thromboembolic diseases for more than 50 years. They have been proved effective and safe under optimal settings; however, the long-term application of VKAs has been considered problematic and challenging for both patients and physicians due to their narrow therapeutic window, the frequent drug to drug interactions and the need for regular monitoring. Novel anticoagulants that selectively block specific pathways of the coagulation cascade have demonstrated efficacy and safety without the need of intensive monitoring. Several novel anticoagulants are already licensed for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disease while others are in advanced stages of clinical development. This review summarizes data derived from recently published clinical trials and discusses the present and the future of oral anticoagulation.
authors.affiliation: Haemostasis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Apostolakis
authors.forename: Gregory Y H
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
authors.forename: Deirdre A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shantsila
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D055808:Drug Discovery; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D015507:Drugs, Investigational