title: Apoptosis-inducing factor and cyclophilin A cotranslocate to the motor neuronal nuclei in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease whose mechanism is not understood. Recently, it was reported that apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was involved in motor neuronal cell death in ALS model mice, and AIF-induced neuronal cell death by interacting with cyclophilin A (CypA). However, it is unknown whether the CypA and AIF-complex induces chromatinolysis in ALS. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the process of motor neuron degeneration as the disease progresses and to determine whether the CypA-AIF complex would play a role in inducing motor neuronal cell death in mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)(G93A) ALS model mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prepared the nuclear fractions of spinal cords and demonstrated the nuclear translocation of CypA with AIF in SOD1(G93A) mice by immunoprecipitation. The localization of CypA and AIF in the spinal cords was assessed by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the spinal cords of SOD1(G93A) mice, the expressions of CypA and AIF were detected in the motor neurons, and CypA and AIF cotranslocated to the motor neuronal nuclei with CypA. Furthermore, the expression of CypA was detected in GFAP-positive astrocytes, but not in CD11b-positive microglial cells. On the other hand, these findings were not detected in the spinal cords of wild-type mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From these results, we suggest that CypA and AIF may play cooperative and pivotal roles in motor neuronal death in the murine ALS model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Izuta
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuruma
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimazawa
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D021984:Cyclophilin A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D021984:Cyclophilin A