title: Swallowing-induced atrial tachyarrhythmia triggered by salbutamol: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: METHODS
  A 49-year-old patient experienced chest discomfort while swallowing. On electrocardiogram, episodes of atrial tachyarrhythmia were recorded immediately after swallowing; 24-hour Holter monitoring recorded several events. The arrhythmia resolved after therapy with atenolol, but recurred a year later. The patient noticed that before these episodes he had been using an inhalator of salbutamol. After stopping the beta-agonist, and after a week with the atenolol, the arrhythmia disappeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Swallowing-induced atrial tachyarrhythmia (SIAT) is a rare phenomenon. Fewer than 50 cases of SIAT have been described in the literature. This article summarizes all the cases published, creating a comprehensive review of the current knowledge and approach to SIAT. It discusses demographics, clinical characteristics and types of arrhythmia, postulated mechanisms of SIAT, and different treatment possibilities such as medications, surgery, and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salbutamol is presented here as a possible trigger for SIAT. Although it is difficult to define causality in a case report, it is logical to think that a beta-agonist like salbutamol (known to induce tachycardia) may be the trigger of adrenergic reflexes originating in the esophagus while swallowing and that a beta-blocker such as atenolol (that blocks the adrenergic activity) may relieve it.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. howard@bgu.ac.il
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tandeter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000420:Albuterol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003679:Deglutition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013617:Tachycardia, Supraventricular / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D001262:Atenolol; D000420:Albuterol