title: Real-time gas-phase analysis of mono- to tri-chlorobenzenes generated from heated MSWI fly ashes containing various metal compounds: application of VUV-SPI-IT-TOFMS.
abstract: We measured sensitive real-time change of low-chlorinated (Cl(1)-Cl(3)) benzenes in gas phase from heated model and real solid samples using the recently developed vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) single-photon ionization (SPI) ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-SPI-IT-TOFMS). Model solid samples that contained activated carbon, potassium chloride, silicon dioxide, and trace metallic compounds (copper, iron, lead, and zinc) were used to simulate fly ash at a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). The concentrations of chlorobenzenes determined by integrating the area for 30 min using VUV-SPI-IT-TOFMS were correlated with gas-phase concentrations analyzed by GC/MS. Real-time changes had characteristic patterns dependent on metal species and compounds. Comparing gas-phase real-time patterns of low-chlorinated benzenes between real and model fly ashes, copper chloride- and oxide-like compounds in real fly ash at the postcombustion zone in a MSWI may play key factors in the formation of low-chlorinated benzenes. Lead and zinc compounds and iron oxide in solid phase did not affect the formation of low-chlorinated benzenes in gas phase. VUV-SPI-IT-TOFMS can be applied to the time-dependent characterization of volatile low-chlorinated benzenes in gas phase in various artificial and environmental processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuruga
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oshita
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002244:Carbon; D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D060729:Coal Ash; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D017745:Incineration / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D060729:Coal Ash; D005740:Gases; D008670:Metals; D052638:Particulate Matter; D002244:Carbon