title: Antidiabetic effects of Tangnaikang on obese Zucker rats and the mechanism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effects of Tangnaikang (TNK), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in obese Zucker rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve male obese Zucker rats, 6 weeks old, were randomly divided into control group and TNK group (3.24 g/kg) after being fed for 2 weeks. All rats received high-fat diet and 4-week treatment. Body weight and blood glucose were tested every week. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and fasting insulin level was tested on days 0, 14 and 28. Triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and free fatty acids (FFA) were tested on day 28. Glucose infusion rate (GIR) was tested by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp from day 29. The protein expressions of protein kinase B (Akt), phospho-Akt (p-Akt) (Thr308) and glucose transporter protein 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle and GLUT4 in adipose tissue were measured after hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, the fed blood glucose level and glucose level of OGTT at 120 min had a significant decline in TNK group on day 28, and TNK caused no alteration of the fasting serum insulin, and the GIR increased significantly in hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study. Furthermore, TNK increased Akt and p-Akt (Thr308) protein expressions in skeletal muscle and decreased the protein expression of GLUT4 in white adipose tissue. Body weight, and triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-C and FFA contents were slightly decreased in the TNK group, but there were no statistically significant effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNK increases the protein expressions of Akt and p-Akt (Thr308) of the signal transduction pathway to influence the translocation of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle and improves glucose metabolism by reducing insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Juan-E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-Xia
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lian-Sha
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zhi-Cheng
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: He-Yao
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tong-Hua
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C495694:Slc2a4 protein, rat; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt