title: [Comparison of effects of periocular region dry and wet warming on visual acuity and near reflex].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of warming the periocular region for 10 minutes after visual display terminal (VDT) work on the near reflex, and the differences in influence between lid closure, dry and wet warming, and the amounts of water vapor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects in the first trial were 10 healthy volunteers (10 eyes). Following VDT, subjects wore either a warming eye steamer (water vapor: 200 mg/10 min) or an eye mask with their eyelids closed for 10 minutes. Subjects in the second trial were 5 healthy volunteers (5 eyes). Following VDT, subjects applied either a dry-warming sheet (water vapor: 0 mg/10 min) or a wet-warming sheet (water vapor: 20, 35, 160 and 200 mg/10 min) to there eyelids and the periocular region for 10 minutes. In both experiments, subjective amplitude of accommodation, pupillary reaction, convergence reaction, near vision, and breakup time were measured before and immediately after VDT work and after 2 experimental settings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The warming eye steamer significantly improved amplitude of accommodation (p<0.05), and near vision (p<0.05). Warming the periocular region with water vapor improved subjective amplitude of accommodation, and near vision, the effect of which depended on the amount of water vapor (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Warming the periocular region with water vapor improved subjective amplitude of accommodation, near vision and the effect depended on the amount of water vapor.
authors.affiliation: Doshisha University Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Michihito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igaki
authors.forename: Ichirou
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Genichiro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dogru
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001248:Asthenopia / Q000628:therapy; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000628:therapy; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology; D013227:Steam; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D013227:Steam