Carboxymethyl cellulose and Pluronic F68 protect the dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum against shear-associated damage.
The red-tide dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum is shown to be protected against turbulence-associated damage by the use of the additives Pluronic F68 (PF68) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in the culture medium. Relative to agitated controls, these additives had a dose-dependent protective effect at concentrations of up to 0.4 and 0.5 g L(-1) for CMC and F68, respectively. In static cultures, these additives inhibited growth directly or indirectly at a concentration of >0.5 g L(-1). Compared to CMC, PF68 was a better protectant overall. Cell-specific production of yessotoxins was enhanced under elevated shear stress regimens so long as the turbulence intensity was insufficient to damage the cells outright. Shear-induced production of reactive oxygen species and direct effects of turbulence on the cell cycle contributed to the observed shear effects.
Gallardo Rodríguez
J J
JJ
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
Sánchez Mirón
A
A
García Camacho
F
F
Cerón García
M C
MC
Belarbi
E H
EH
Chisti
Y
Y
Molina Grima
E
E
D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D003470:Culture Media; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D035964:Oxocins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D033081:Shear Strength / Q000187:drug effects*
D003470:Culture Media; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D035964:Oxocins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020442:Poloxamer; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; C066632:yessotoxin