title: Composition and immunotoxicity activity of essential oils from leaves of Zingiber officinale Roscoe against Aedes aegypti L.
abstract: The leaves of Zingiber officinale Roscoe were extracted and the major essential oil composition and immunotoxicity effects were studied. The analyses were conducted by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) revealed that the essential oils of Z. officinale leaves. The Z. officinale essential oil yield was 0.26%, and GC/MS analysis revealed that its major constituents were Camphene (5.26%), Phellandrene (6.58%), Zingiberene (36.48%), Geranial (4.32%), β-gurjunene (2.74%), and Citronellol β-sesguiphellandrene (12.31%). The essential oil had a significant toxic effect against early fourth-stage larvae of Aedes aegypti L with an LC(50) value of 46.38 ppm and an LC(90) value of 84.32 ppm. Also, Camphene (≥95.0%), Phellandrene (≥95.0%), Zingiberene (≥95.0%), Geranial (≥95.0%), β-gurjunene (≥97.0%), and Citronellol (≥95.0%) were tested against the F21 laboratory strain of A. aegypti. Zingiberene (≥95.0%) and Citronellol (≥95.0%) have medium activity with an LC(50) value of 99.55 ppm and 141.45 ppm. This indicates that other major compounds may play a more important role in the toxicity of essential oil.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medical Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeong-Ju, South Korea. himun68@gmail.com
authors.forename: Hyung-In
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Sang-Buem
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Soo-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D000818:Animals; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils