Particle deposition fluxes of BDE-209, PAHs, DDTs and chlordane in the Pearl River Delta, South China.
Year-round bulk air deposition samples were collected at 15 sites in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) on a bimonthly basis from Dec 2003 to Nov 2004, and the particle-phase deposition of BDE-209, PAHs, DDTs and chlordane was measured. The annual deposition fluxes of BDE-209, total PAHs (15 compounds), total DDT (sum of p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, and o,p'-DDT ), and chlordane (sum of trans-chlordane and cis-chlordane) varied from 32.6 to 1970 microg m(-2) yr (-1), 22 to 290 microg m(-2) yr(-1), 0.8 to 11 microg m(-2) yr(-1), and 0.25 to 1.9 microg m(-2) yr(-1), respectively. Spatial variations were higher in the centre of the PRD and lower at the coastal sites for all compounds. The seasonal variations of deposition were found to be compound-dependent, influenced by a number of factors, such as the timing of source input, temperature, and precipitation etc. In particular, source input time affected the deposition fluxes of BDE-209 and high-weight PAHs, while temperature-dependent gas-particle partitioning was a key factor for DDT and light-weight PAH deposition. During the whole sampling period, the atmospheric deposition of BDE-209, SigmaPAHs, SigmaDDTs, and chlordane onto Hong Kong reached about 93, 86, 2.1 and 2.1 kg yr(-1), respectively, and onto the PRD reached about 13,400, 2950, 82, and 63 kg yr(-1). By comparing the calculated total air deposition with the burden in the soils, the half residual time of BDE-209 in soils was estimated to be 3 years.
Li
Jun
J
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China. junli@gig.ac.cn
Liu
Xiang
X
Zhang
Gan
G
Li
Xiang-Dong
XD
D000392:Air Movements; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002681:China; D002706:Chlordan / Q000032:analysis*; D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D007700:Kinetics; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012621:Seasons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
D000393:Air Pollutants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002706:Chlordan; D003634:DDT; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether