title: Systematic care to reduce ethnic disparities in diabetes care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether systematic care can reduce the gap in diabetes control between Maori and non-Maori.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Primary Health Organisation implemented a chronic care management programme for diabetes in 2005. The data constitute an open, prospective cohort followed for approximately two years. Data describing process were also collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1311 people with diabetes (354 Maori, 957 non-Maori). Maori started with higher HbA(1c) (mean 8.1%, SD 1.9) than non-Maori (7.1%, SD 1.4) but over about 2 years HbA(1c) for Maori improved to that of non-Maori. LDL and systolic blood pressure decreased for both groups. Improved glucose in Maori was not due to starting insulin or metformin, and rates of sulphonylurea prescription increased in both groups. Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio remained higher for Maori throughout. Smoking rates and Body Mass Index (both higher in Maori) did not change. There is no evidence of selective retention in the cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Likely essential components of the programme were that governance was equally shared between Maori and non-Maori; prolonged nurse consultations were free to the patient; nurses used a formal written wellness plan; nurses were formally trained to support patient self-management; and a computer template supported structured care.
authors.affiliation: University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Timothy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kenealy
authors.forename: Kyle S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Eggleton
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Nicolette F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Sheridan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008687:Metformin