title: [Submaximal exercise capacity and quality of life in exclusive water-pipe smokers].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well known that oxidative stress is increased significantly by regular water-pipe smoking (WPS). This could lead to muscle dysfunction and thus to impairments of exercise and quality of life (QOL). Considering the impressive number of WP smokers, we intend to investigate the potential effect of WPS on submaximal exercise capacity and QOL.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1). To evaluate the submaximal exercise capacity by the 6-minutes walking test (6-MWT). (2). To compare the deficiency, incapacity and QOL data of exclusive WPS with those of two control groups (never smokers and exclusive cigarette smokers). (3). To determine the factors influencing the 6-minutes walk distance (6-MWD) of WPS subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicentre study including 180 exclusive WPS [> or =5 WP-year] men aged > or =40 years. Cigar or cigarette smoking, contraindications to the 6-MWT or cortico-steroid therapy will be exclusion criteria. QOL evaluation, spirometry, electrocardiogram and two 6-MWT will be performed. Signs of exercise impairment will be: 6-MWD< or =lower limit of normal, end of walk dyspnoea > or =5/10, haemoglobin saturation fall > or =5 points. Data from WPS subjects will be compared with those from 90 never smoking subjects and 90 exclusives cigarettes smokers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1). WPS will affect significantly the submaximal exercise capacity. (2). Resting spirometric, 6-MWT and QOL data of exclusive WPS subjects will be significantly reduced compared to never smoking subjects. (3). The 6-MWD's of exclusive WPS subjects will be significantly influenced by cumulative WP consumption, by resting spirometric data, by obesity and by physical activity score.
authors.affiliation: Service de physiologie et explorations fonctionnelles, EPS Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisie. helmi.bensaad@rns.tn
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ben Saad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Babba
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boukamcha
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Latiri
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Slama
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bougmiza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zbidi
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tabka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water