title: Phage display-derived peptides for osteosarcoma imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteosarcoma represents the most common malignant primary bone tumor in childhood; however, the survival rate has remained unchanged for the past 20 years. To improve existing diagnosis and treatment methods and broaden the spectrum of imaging agents that can be used for early detection and assessment of tumor response to therapy, we performed a phage display-based screening for peptide sequences that bind specifically to osteosarcoma cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the Ph.D.-12 phage display peptide library composed of 2.7 x 10(9) different displayed peptides, one peptide was enriched after four rounds of in vitro selection in 143B osteosarcoma tumor cells with 293T human embryonic kidney cells as a control. Both the peptide and the phage clone displaying the peptide were conjugated with fluorescent dyes for in vitro cell and ex vivo tumor tissue stainings. The peptide was further labeled with (18)F for positron emission tomography imaging studies. Cell uptake and efflux and ex vivo biodistribution were also done with (18)F-labeled osteosarcoma specific peptide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ASGALSPSRLDT was the dominant sequence isolated from biopanning and named as OSP-1. OSP-1 shares a significant homology with heparinase II/III family protein, which binds and reacts with heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The fluorescence staining showed that FITC-OSP-1-phage or Cy5.5-OSP-1 had high binding with a panel of osteosarcoma cell lines, much less binding with UM-SCC1 human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells, and almost no binding with 293T cells, whereas the scrambled peptide OSP-S had virtually no binding to all the cell lines. (18)F-OSP-1 had significantly higher accumulation in 143B tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo than (18)F-OSP-S. (18)F-OSP-1 also had higher uptake in 143B tumors than in UM-SCC-1 tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that OSP-1 peptide is osteosarcoma specific, and the binding site of OSP-1 might be related to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Appropriately labeled OSP-1 peptide has the potential to serve as a novel probe for osteosarcoma imaging.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Xilin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Baozhong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019151:Peptide Library; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019151:Peptide Library; D010455:Peptides