title: Consumption of polyphenol concentrate with dietary fructo-oligosaccharides enhances cecal metabolism of quercetin glycosides in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We verified the hypothesis that the consumption of polyphenol concentrate (PC), rich in quercetin and its glycosides (36 g/100 g), in association with different dietary fiber matrices, that is, an easily fermentable fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) or non-fermentable cellulose (CEL), causes a disparate adaptive response of the cecal microbial activity in rats. This in turn facilitates further utilization of biologically active polyphenolic compounds, which are not, as usual, digested in the foregut.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four-week experimental feeding of male Wistar rats consisted of diets containing 5% FOS or CEL, as a source of dietary fiber, with or without 0.3% addition of PC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive changes in rat cecum were observed resulting from the ingestion of an FOS-containing diet, such as decreased pH and increased the production of short-chain fatty acids in the digesta, compared with a CEL-containing diet. The addition of PC to the FOS diet did not eliminate the positive effects of the latter, except for a slight increase in cecal pH and a decrease in microbial glycolytic activity. However, a simultaneous increase in the cecal butyrate pool was also observed. An adaptation process of the microflora enzymatic system to dieting with PC and FOS was proven in further enhanced susceptibility of rutin (quercetin 3-O-glucorhamnoside), hyperoside (quercetin 3-O-galactoside), and quercitrin (quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside) to hydrolysis by the cecal digesta solution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Especially when consumed together, PC and FOS are important dietary factors affecting the susceptibility of quercetin glycosides to microbial metabolism in the cecum. The intensification of the hydrolysis of quercetin glycosides by dietary treatments leads also to the increased metabolism of quercetin itself.
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Juśkiewicz
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milala
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jurgoński
authors.forename: Bogusław
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Król
authors.forename: Zenon
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zduńczyk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000378:metabolism; D002432:Cecum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D002482:Cellulose / Q000494:pharmacology; D004032:Diet; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012431:Rutin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D005419:Flavonoids; D006027:Glycosides; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; C012526:quercitrin; D012431:Rutin; C021304:hyperoside; D002482:Cellulose; D011794:Quercetin