title: Use of binaural cues for sound localization in large and small non-echolocating bats: Eidolon helvum and Cynopterus brachyotis.
abstract: The authors determined the ability of two old-world non-echolocating bats, Eidolon helvum and Cynopterus brachyotis, to use binaural time and intensity difference cues for localization. The bats were trained to localize pure tones throughout most of their hearing range from loudspeakers located 30 degrees to the left and right of midline. Both species easily localized high frequency tones, indicating they could use the interaural intensity difference cue. However, neither was able to localize low frequency tones even when the tones were amplitude modulated thereby indicating that they could not use ongoing phase difference cues. The authors now know of eight mammals that do not use binaural phase cues for localization, and some possible reasons for this inability are explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, MS #948, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA. rickye.heffner@utoledo.edu
authors.forename: Rickye S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Heffner
authors.forename: Gimseong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koay
authors.forename: Henry E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Heffner
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D002685:Chiroptera; D003463:Cues; D004423:Ear; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D008297:Male; D011571:Psychoacoustics; D013017:Sound Localization; D013997:Time Factors