title: Effects of asenapine, olanzapine, and risperidone on psychotomimetic-induced reversal-learning deficits in the rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asenapine is a new pharmacological agent for the acute treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It has relatively higher affinity for serotonergic and alpha(2)-adrenergic than dopaminergic D(2) receptors. We evaluated the effects of asenapine, risperidone, and olanzapine on acute and subchronic psychotomimetic-induced disruption of cued reversal learning in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  After operant training, rats were treated acutely with d-amphetamine (0.75 mg/kg intraperitoneally [i.p.]) or phencyclidine (PCP; 1.5mg/kg i.p.) or subchronically with PCP (2mg/kg i.p. for 7 days). We assessed the effects of acute coadministration of asenapine, risperidone, or olanzapine on acute d-amphetamine- and PCP-induced deficits and the effects of long-term coadministration of these agents (for 28 additional days) on the deficits induced by subchronic PCP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Deficits in reversal learning induced by acute d-amphetamine were attenuated by risperidone (0.2mg/kg i.p.). Acute PCP-induced impairment of reversal learning was attenuated by acute asenapine (0.025 mg/kg subcutaneously [s.c.]), risperidone (0.2mg/kg i.p.), and olanzapine (1.0mg/kg i.p.). Subchronic PCP administration induced an enduring deficit that was attenuated by acute asenapine (0.075 mg/kg s.c.) and by olanzapine (1.5mg/kg i.p.). Asenapine (0.075 mg/kg s.c.), risperidone (0.2mg/kg i.p.), and olanzapine (1.0mg/kg i.p.) all showed sustained efficacy with chronic (29 days) treatment to improve subchronic PCP-induced impairments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that asenapine may have beneficial effects in the treatment of cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. However, this remains to be validated by further clinical evaluation.
authors.affiliation: The School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP West Yorkshire, UK.
authors.forename: Samantha L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: Jo C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Neill
authors.forename: Nagi F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Idris
authors.forename: Hugh M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Marston
authors.forename: Erik H F
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003986:Dibenzocycloheptenes; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010622:Phencyclidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012193:Reversal Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D018967:Risperidone / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003986:Dibenzocycloheptenes; D006213:Hallucinogens; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010622:Phencyclidine; C522667:asenapine; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine; D003913:Dextroamphetamine