title: Below knee bare nitinol stent placement in high-risk patients with critical limb ischemia is still durable after 24 months of follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the durability of nitinol stent placement in high-risk patients with chronic critical limb ischemia (CLI) and infrapopliteal lesions after suboptimal balloon angioplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2006 and January 2009, 53 high-risk patients (24 women; mean age, 71.8 +/- 5.1 years) with CLI underwent infragenicular stent placement with a 4F sheath-compatible self-expanding nitinol stent. Patients had three or more serious cardiopulmonary comorbidities, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, coronary artery occlusive disease, American Society of Anesthesiologists score >/=3, previous myocardial infarction, coronary stent or bypass, or infection after peripheral revascularization. Endovascular therapy was performed in 30 stenoses and 23 occlusions in 53 patients. The mean stenosis length was 5.5 +/- 1.9 cm. The mean occlusion length was 6.5 +/- 2.9 cm. The mean follow-up was 24.1 +/- 7.3 months and consisted of clinical examination, ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurements, and duplex ultrasound imaging. Digital subtraction angiography was performed if restenosis or reocclusion was suspected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technical success rate was 98.1%. The 24-month cumulative primary patency rate was 75.5%. During the follow-up, two patients underwent successful repeat angioplasty, and four patients required crural bypass. The 24-month secondary patency and freedom from amputation rates were 88.7% and 88.7%, respectively. The mean ABI increased significantly at 12 and 24 months (P < .001). Risk stratification to detect predictors that influenced the patency rate showed that proximal lesions had significant better patency than distal crural lesions (83.3% vs 65.2%, P = .04). The morphology of the lesions (stenoses vs occlusions, P = .88) did not seem to influence primary patency. Four patients died from nonprocedure-related causes during the follow-up, including lung cancer, myocardial infarction, and glioblastoma multiforme. No procedure-related deaths were recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 2-year outcome of our series underscores the value of infrapopliteal nitinol stent placement as a durable bailout treatment option in high-risk CLI patients with suboptimal angioplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany. k.donas@gmx.at
authors.forename: Konstantinos P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Donas
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torsello
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwindt
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schönefeld
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Boldt
authors.forename: Georgios A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Pitoulias
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000497:Alloys; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D023821:Limb Salvage; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014654:Vascular Patency; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; C013616:nitinol