title: Parents' experiences of an abnormal ultrasound examination - vacillating between emotional confusion and sense of reality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An ultrasound examination is an important confirmation of the pregnancy and is accepted without reflection to any prenatal diagnostic aspects. An abnormal finding often comes unexpectedly and is a shock for the parents. The aim was to generate a theoretical understanding of parents' experiences of the situation when their fetus is found to have an abnormality at a routine ultrasound examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen parents, mothers and fathers, whose fetus had been diagnosed with an abnormality during an ultrasound scan in the second or third trimester, were interviewed. The study employed a grounded theory approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The core category vacillating between the emotional confusion and sense of reality is related to the main concern assessment of the diagnosis impact on the well-being of the fetus. Two other categories Entering uncertainty and Involved in an ongoing change and adaptation have each five sub-categories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents are aware of that ultrasound examination is a tool for identifying abnormalities prenatally. The information about the abnormality initially results in broken expectations and anxiety. Parents become involved in ongoing change and adaptation. They need information about the ultrasound findings and the treatment without prolonged delay and in a suitable environment. The examiner who performs the ultrasound examination must be aware of how anxiety can be intensified by environmental factors. All parents should to be offered a professional person to give them support as a part of the routine management of this situation.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Lund University, PO Box 157, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. anna-karin.larsson@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Anna-Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Elizabeth Crang
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Svalenius
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
authors.forename: Anna-Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dykes