title: Coculturing dendritic cells with zoledronate acid efficiently enhance the anti-tumor effects of cytokine-induced killer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dendritic cells (DCs) have greater stimulating activity on innate and adaptive immunity following short-term sensitization with zoledronate acid (DCs(Zol)). We identified the phenotype, cytotoxicity, and mechanisms of killing of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells which were cocultured with DCs(Zol).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adherent and nonadherent cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cell from myeloma patients were incubated for DCs and CIK cells. Then, the CIK cells were cocultured with DCs(Zol) (DCs(Zol)-CIK). Expression of markers for DCs(Zol)-CIK cells was measured using flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by against human myeloma cell lines and mechanisms of killing were tested by selectively blocking NKG2D receptor. The anti-tumor activity of these effector cells was further evaluated using a nude mice tumor model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  gammadelta TCR expression of CIK cells significantly increased after coculture with immature or mature DCs(Zol) (iDCs/mDCs(Zol)-CIK) and these cells aggressively lysed myeloma cells compared with mDCs-CIK and zoledronate acid pulsed CIK cells (CIK(Zol); 50.8 +/- 7.9% and 48.2 +/- 4.7% versus 31.9 +/- 5.1% and 20.5 +/- 3.6%, effector versus target ratio was 60:1). Both alphabeta T and gammadelta T cells in the iDCs(Zol)-CIK cells performed the majority of lysis. The iDCs/mDCs(Zol)-CIK cells greatly increased NKG2D expression compared with mDCs-CIK and CIK(Zol) during culture (71.5 +/- 11.3% and 67.7 +/- 9.3% versus 51.3 +/- 6.2% and 47.1 +/- 5.7%). iDCs(Zol)-CIK cell-mediated lysis dropped 69.21% when the NKG2D receptor was blocked and the cytotoxicity correlated with NKG2D ligand-MICA expression on the target cells. In a human myeloma bearing nude mice model, iDCs(Zol)-CIK and mDCs(Zol)-CIK cells treatment groups obtained 75% and 62.5% long-term survival (>120 days) respectively, as compared with none of the control animals or 37.5% treated with mDCs-CIK cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large numbers of CIK cells with greater anti-tumor activities are rapidly generated by Zol-treated iDCs/mDCs. This strategy is worthy of further investigation to improve adoptive cell therapy against tumors.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Center, The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming 650011, People's Republic of China. suxs163@163.com
authors.forename: Xiaosan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Liangkun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Junsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D055612:Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D055655:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; C527085:KLRK1 protein, human; D055655:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid