Determination of malachite green and crystal violet in processed fish products.
This paper presents analysis of malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV) residues in processed fish products. Samples were homogenized and extracted with ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile. The extracted residues were partitioned into dichloromethane, in situ oxidized to chromic forms with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, and cleaned up on neutral alumina and propylsulfonic acid cation-exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. MG and CV were determined at 618 and 588 nm using HPLC with a visible detector (LC-VIS) and confirmed by LC-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The recoveries were as follows: MG (74.8-83.8%), LMG (80.0-88.4%), CV (68.6-73.9%), and LCV (85.5-90.0%). The method modified in this study has been evaluated by application in-house to a survey of 253 processed fish products. As a result of monitoring, MG and CV were positive in one shrimp and one eel sample, respectively. Our results showed that regular monitoring of these antibiotic residues is recommended for protection of public health.
Lee
Jun Bae
JB
Imported Food Analysis Division, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Incheon 402-835, South Korea.
Kim
Hee Yun
HY
Jang
Young Mi
YM
Song
Ji Young
JY
Woo
Sung Min
SM
Park
Mi Sun
MS
Lee
Hyun Sook
HS
Lee
Soon Kyu
SK
Kim
Meehye
M
D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005396:Fish Products / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005511:Food Handling; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods*; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C005095:malachite green; C475159:leucocrystal violet; C015320:leucomalachite green; D005840:Gentian Violet