title: Botulinum toxin type A in post-stroke upper limb spasticity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of one-time injections of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) in Japanese patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study, 109 patients with upper limb spasticity were randomised to receive a single treatment with lower-dose (120-150 U) or higher-dose (200-240 U) BoNTA or placebo into upper limb muscles.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT00460564.
  
  
  METHODS
  The tone of the wrist flexor was assessed at baseline and at weeks 0, 1, 4, 6, 8 and 12 using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) for wrist, finger, thumb and disability in activities of daily living (ADL) was rated using the 4-point Disability Assessment Scale (DAS). The primary endpoint was area under the curve (AUC) of the change from baseline in the MAS wrist score in the higher-dose groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were randomised with 51 in the higher BoNTA group, 26 in the higher-dose placebo group, 21 in the lower BoNTA group and 11 in the lower-dose placebo group. Significant improvement in spasticity with higher-dose BoNTA was demonstrated by a mean difference in the AUC of the change from baseline in the MAS wrist score between the higher-dose BoNTA group and the higher-dose placebo group of -6.830 (p < 0.001, t-test), no significant different was demonstrated between the lower-dose BoNTA group and the lower-dose placebo group (p = 0.215, t-test). Significant improvements with higher-dose BoNTA were also observed in the DAS scores for limb position (p = 0.001-0.022) at all time points and dressing (p = 0.018-0.038, Wilcoxon test) at weeks 6, 8 and 12. No clinically relevant difference was noted in the frequency of treatment-related adverse events between BoNTA-treated and placebo-treated patients. The long-term efficacy and safety, and the effects on rehabilitation of BoNTA on upper limb will be evaluated using the data obtained in the open-label phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher-dose BoNTA reduced spasticity in upper limb muscles and improved ADL performance in terms of limb position and dressing. BoNTA is safe and effective in the treatment of post-stroke upper limb spasticity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima City, Tokushima, Japan. rkaji@clin.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osako
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suyama
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uechi
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001132:Arm; D044466:Asian People; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D013933:Thumb; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014955:Wrist Joint; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A