title: Impermeability to blood of the E-vita open plus hybrid stent-graft: experimental and clinical evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impermeability to blood of the modified E-vita open plus hybrid stent-graft in animal experiments and initial clinical applications in the replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic arch combined with antegrade stent-grafting of the descending aorta.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 3 acute pig experiments, a tightly woven hybrid stent-graft (18 x 50-mm) was implanted in the descending aorta. Blood loss was measured after clamp release in fully heparinized animals by wrapping the aortic segment in a polyethylene bag. For histological examination, 12-mm-diameter stent-grafts were interposed in the abdominal aorta of 6 minipigs. The animals were sacrificed and studied after 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Between October 2008 and October 2009, 9 patients were treated for 6 type I dissections and 3 thoracic aortic aneurysms using the new prosthesis. Blood loss and blood replacement were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean blood loss under heparinization was 35+/-4 mL/min in the animal model. Histological examination of the explanted grafts demonstrated buildup of neointima. In the clinical cases, the mean blood loss within the first 24 hours was 489 mL; no re-exploration for bleeding was required. During a 6-month follow-up, no thrombus formation was seen within the vascular graft and no embolic event occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new low-porosity hybrid prosthesis proved to be absolutely tight in animal experiments; histological examination demonstrated endothelial cell ingrowth with a trend to hyperplasia in this small-diameter graft. These results were confirmed in the clinical cases by the extremely minimal blood loss and an uneventful course.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart Center, University Hospital Essen, Germany. konstantinos.tsagakis@uk-essen.de
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsagakis
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pizanis
authors.forename: Hideo Andreas
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wendt
authors.forename: Natali
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wisbrun
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Altenbernd
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eggebrecht
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamler
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jakob
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001027:Aortography / Q000379:methods; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008875:Middle Aged; D023421:Models, Animal; D010539:Permeability; D016062:Porosity; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D015607:Stents; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome