title: 'Changes of concern' for detecting potential early clinical deterioration: A validation study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The criteria used for calling emergency response teams to patients at-risk of clinical deterioration in the acute care adult hospital population include the criterion 'patient of concern'. When calling teams to patients of concern, some 'changes of concern' used by nurses have been identified; however the validity of these 'changes of concern' is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the content validity of 'changes of concern' used by nurses to call emergency response teams.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten nurses who had 5 years or more experience with emergency response teams formed an expert group. This expert group examined content validity of the 'changes of concern' nurses used for calling emergency response teams using criterion, 'patient of concern' with a questionnaire based on Bausell's content validity criteria of necessity and sufficiency. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main findings indicate that the 10 'changes of concern' are agreed to be necessary to possibly identify early deterioration in adult patients that may require a call using criterion, 'patient of concern'. The associated factors that relate to these 'changes of concern' are also confirmed to be necessary to assess when these changes are present in patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment underpinned by these changes of concern (indicators) can provide more complete clinical information for clinicians to recognise possible early deterioration of patients and to coach others so building capacity to appropriately call emergency response teams resulting in increased patient safety. Research is indicated that further explores and identifies the use of 'patient of concern' criterion and that examines the effectiveness of clinical information being used to detect potential early clinical deterioration.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797, Australia. j.cioffi@uws.edu.au
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cioffi
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Everist
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Senior
mesh_terms: D003422:Critical Care; D003657:Decision Making; D018450:Disease Progression; D004630:Emergencies / Q000451:nursing*; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires