Epigenetic remedies by dietary phytochemicals against inflammatory skin disorders: myth or reality?
While many botanicals have been used during thousands of years in various cultures for the treatment of several inflammatory conditions, wound healing or preserving skin beauty, their active ingredients and their mechanisms of action are less well characterized. It is known that throughout life, environmental conditions and dietary compounds influence gene expression. Only recently it has been observed that exposure to specific phytochemicals can affect gene expression via reversible epigenetic mechanisms and gets recorded in our "epigenome" through life. Epigenetics refers to heritable phenotypical differences or changes in gene expression that are not attributable to changes in DNA sequence, but rather depend on variations in DNA methylation, chromatin structure or microRNA profiles. As such, our dietary epigenetic imprint superposed on our genome may rewire gene expression patterns in the body and the host immune system, and protect against inflammatory disorders, cancer and ageing. This has recently launched reexploration of nutritional, botanical or phytopharmaceutical compounds for epigenetic effects to identify promising nutraceuticals or cosmeceuticals which could (re)program stem cell differentiation, wound healing, skin regeneration, tissue homeostasis, or "correct" epigenetic marks responsible for inflammatory skin disorders and ageing.
Vanden Berghe
Wim
W
Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST), Department of Physiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent, Belgium. wim.vandenberghe@ua.ac.be
Haegeman
Guy
G
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D055808:Drug Discovery; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008517:Phytotherapy
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal