title: Long-term outcomes of low-dose catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy: a 5-year single-center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine immediate and long-term outcomes following catheter-directed intraarterial thrombolysis of occluded native arteries and infrainguinal vein grafts by using low-dose tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in patients with lower limb ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eleven intraarterial thrombolysis procedures were performed in 96 patients during the 2-year study period. Patient records were available for retrospective review in 85 thrombolytic procedures performed in 74 (77%) of the 96 patients. Forty-one native vessels (four iliac, 24 superficial/common femoral, and 13 popliteal/below-knee vessels), six iliac stents, and 38 infrainguinal vein grafts were treated by using a low-dose (0.5 mg/h recombinant tPA) catheter-directed thrombolytic regimen. Procedural success was based on angiographic and clinical outcomes, and the need for further reconstructive surgery or amputation was documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraarterial thrombolysis was successful in 76%, was partially successful in 11%, and failed in 13%. Adjunctive angioplasty was performed in 33 of 55 patients (60%) with successful lysis, and immediate reconstructive surgery was required in five patients. There was one episode of puncture site bleeding and one gastrointestinal hemorrhage but no procedure-related deaths at 30 days. After a median follow-up of 6.5 years, 30 of the 55 patients (55%) who underwent successful thrombolysis required no further surgical intervention; however, further surgery was required in 45% of patients after a mean interval of 301 days (range, 2-1,344 days), including 10 (18%) amputations (six major and four minor).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose intraarterial thrombolysis is safe and effective, delaying and dramatically reducing the need for surgical intervention in lower limb ischemia due to native vessel or infrainguinal graft occlusion.
authors.affiliation: Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Rd, Hull, East Yorkshire HU3 2JZ, UK.
authors.forename: Arun J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sebastian
authors.forename: Graham J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dyet
authors.forename: Duncan F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Ettles
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator