A theoretical and experimental analysis of radiofrequency ablation with a multielectrode, phased, duty-cycled system.
BACKGROUND
The development of a unique radiofrequency (RF) cardiac ablation system, for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, is driven by the clinical need to safely create large uniform lesions while controlling lesion depth. Computational analysis of a finite element model of a three-dimensional, multielectrode, cardiac ablation catheter, powered by a temperature-controlled, multiphase, duty-cycled RF generator, is presented.


METHODS
The computational model for each of the five operating modes offered by the generator is compared to independent tissue temperature measurements taken during in vitro ablation experiments performed on bovine myocardium.


RESULTS
The results of the model agree with experimental temperature measurements very closely-the average values for mean error, root mean square difference, and correlation coefficient were 1.9°C, 13.3%, and 0.97, respectively. Lesions are shown to be contiguous and no significant edge effects are observed.


CONCLUSIONS
Both the in vitro and computational model results demonstrate that lesion depth decreases consistently as the bipolar-to-unipolar ratio increases-suggesting a clinical application to potentially control lesion depth with higher fidelity than is currently available. The effect of variable design parameters and clinical conditions on RF ablation can now be expeditiously studied with this validated model.
Lau
Michael
M
Medtronic Ablation Frontiers, Carlsbad, CA, USA. michael.t.lau@medtronic.com
Hu
Betty
B
Werneth
Randy
R
Sherman
Marshall
M
Oral
Hakan
H
Morady
Fred
F
Krysl
Petr
P
D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002417:Cattle; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009206:Myocardium; D013696:Temperature