title: Anti-proliferative and anti-cancer properties of Achyranthes aspera: specific inhibitory activity against pancreatic cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Achyranthes aspera (Family: Amaranthacea) is a medicinal plant used as an anti-cancer agent in ayurveda, a traditional system of medicine practiced in subcontinental India. The aim of the study was to systematically investigate the anti-proliferative properties of Achyranthes aspera leaves extracted in methanol (LE) on human cancer cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested time, dose dependent and specific anti-proliferative activity of LE by clonogenic cell survival assay on human cancer and normal epithelial cell lines in vitro. We further investigated its effect on the expression of metastatic and angiogenic genes by real time polymerase chain reaction. On silica gel column, we carried out initial fractionation analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LE exhibited time and dose dependent cytotoxicity on several tumor cells. Compared to cancer cells of colon, breast, lung and prostate origin, pancreatic cancer cells were significantly more sensitive to LE. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that LE selectively suppressed the transcription of metalloproteases (MMP-1 and -2), inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP-2) and angiogenic factors (VEGF-A and VEGF-B). Fractionation of LE on methanol equilibrated silica gel column resolved into three fractions of which fraction (F 3) was found to be enriched with anti-proliferative activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera contains potent anti-proliferative compound with specific activity against pancreatic cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm the in vivo anti-tumorigenicity and subsequent chemical characterization of the active molecule(s).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. spochi@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Pochi R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Subbarayan
authors.forename: Malancha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Impellizzeri
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raymo
authors.forename: Balakrishna L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Lokeshwar
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Ram P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Bach
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ardalan
mesh_terms: D029044:Achyranthes; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts