title: Pressure changes during embryo transfer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the pressure changes in the transferred load during mock ET.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental setup.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering and private centers of reproductive medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory simulations of ET into a rigid transparent uterine model equipped with a pressure sensor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injection of a transferring load during mock ET could increase pressure locally up to 155 mm Hg in <0.1 seconds. The recorded pressure increase slope reached values as high as 72,000 mmHg/s, and the pressure decrease slope reached 144,000 mmHg/s. The pressure buildup in the transferred liquid was proportional to the ejection speed of the transferred load.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ET can cause rapid pressure fluctuations in the transferred liquid. Therefore, it is advisable to transfer the embryo gently with minimum ejection speed, to avoid exposing the embryo to the steep pressure gradient.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine BOCIAN, Bialystok Technical University, Bialystok, Poland. cezary.grygoruk@gmail.com
authors.forename: Cezary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grygoruk
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sieczynski
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pietrewicz
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mrugacz
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gagan
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mrugacz
mesh_terms: D001364:Awareness; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008954:Models, Biological; D011312:Pressure; D011361:Professional Competence; D014599:Uterus / Q000502:physiology*