title: Can DNA sampling from the rectal mucosa be a novel tool for the detection of colorectal cancer?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective was to evaluate a new method for DNA sampling from the rectal mucosa for the detection of colorectal cancer or any clinically significant pathology in the colon and rectum.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective cohort study included patients scheduled for colonoscopy (group 1, n = 185) or colonic resection because of suspected colorectal cancer (group 2, n = 62). A test instrument with a balloon-holding end was introduced through a proctoscope into the rectum to collect exfoliated cells, from which DNA was isolated and quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The detection of colorectal cancer in group 1 showed a sensitivity for the DNA cut-off levels 1.5, 2, and 2.5 microg/ml of 100%, 80%, and 60%, and a specificity of 37%, 46%, and 56%, respectively. In group 2, for the same cut-off levels, the sensitivity was 73%, 61%, and 55%, and the specificity was 67%, 67%, and 67%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This novel technique is a safe and easy way of collecting DNA from the rectal mucosa. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were too low to be acceptable for a screening test. The low sensitivity and specificity in this study could be explained by the diversity within the study groups as many patients presented with long-term history of colorectal disease and surgical interventions in the past.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden. ulrik.wallin@surgsci.uu.se
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gunnarsson
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glimelius
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loktionov
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Påhlman
mesh_terms: D003113:Colonoscopy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm