title: Predicting death despite therapeutic hypothermia in infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine precooling attributes possibly predicting death in infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) despite therapeutic cooling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five consecutive infants of ≥36 weeks' gestation who received cooling for HIE were reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was performed using precooling clinical and laboratory variables with death related to HIE during the first 9 months of life as the primary outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen (15%) of the 85 infants died during 9-18 months of follow-up despite cooling. 27 of the 85 were asystolic at birth but only 12 had Apgar scores of zero at both 5 and 10 min. Univariate analysis identified Apgar scores of zero at 5 and 10 min, pH <6.7, base deficit >22 mmol/l, and absent spontaneous movement as significantly associated with death during the first 9 months despite cooling. On multivariate analysis, only the Apgar score of zero at 10 min (p<0.001, OR 51.7, 95% CI 9.9 to 269.5) remained significantly associated with the primary outcome of death from HIE. Of the 12 infants who were asystolic at and beyond 10 min of life, nine died from HIE, two had spastic quadriparesis and global delay at 18-24 months, and one had extensive encephalomalacia on brain MRI during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of the selected precooling variables, only the 10 min Apgar score is independently associated with death despite therapeutic cooling in infants with HIE. Infants who remain asystolic at 10 min and beyond are unlikely to survive despite cooling, and the rare survivor is likely to have severe disability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0254, USA. subratas@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Subrata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Indira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bhagat
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Dechert
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Barks
mesh_terms: D001034:Apgar Score; D001724:Birth Weight; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D050497:Stillbirth; D016896:Treatment Outcome