title: Measuring virtues--development of a scale to measure employee virtues and their influence on health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this article are to present a measurement instrument for virtues, and to examine the link between virtues and health. The instrument was tested by the occupational health care at a large Finnish pulp and paper manufacturer and was shown to be consistent, valid and reliable. In developing the scale, we had two samples of employees and used factor analysis and partial least squares modelling (PLS) on both samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis showed that pride is the most important virtue, followed by love and generosity. In the PLS analysis, we found virtues to significantly reduce the number of sick days. In addition, we found significant relationships between virtues and fatigue, depression and happiness. Virtuous behaviour decreased sick leave and depression. The virtues had a positive influence on happiness and on improvement in one's health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that by taking into account virtues in working life, companies can significantly improve their employees' well-being. The measurement instrument helps broaden the traditional view on health and is meant to be used by health care professionals in their daily practice. By addressing a person's physical, mental and virtual well-being, health care practitioners can take care of employees on a broader level than before.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Health Care, Arcada Polytechnics, Jan-Magnus Janssons plats, Helsinki, Finland. carola.warna@arcada.fi
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wärnå-Furu
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sääksjärvi
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Santavirta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004651:Employment; D005387:Finland; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results