title: Expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and its related extracellular matrix degrading enzymes in the endometrium during estrous cycle and early gestation in cattle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) regulates several biological functions involving the modulation of cell behaviors via cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. According to its diverse functions, we hypothesized that EMMPRIN may play an important role in endometrial remodeling and establishment of pregnancy in cow.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, endometrial tissues from the cyclic cows during before ovulation, after ovulation and middle of estrous cycle; and pregnant endometrial tissues from Day 19 to 35 of gestation have been used. Expression of mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR, qPCR and in situ hybridization whereas protein expression by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EMMPRIN mRNA was expressed in both cyclic and pregnant endometrium and significantly higher in the endometrium at Day 35 of gestation than the cyclic endometrium. In Western blot analysis, an approximately 65 kDa band was detected in the endometrium, and approximately 51 kDa in the cultured bovine epithelial cells and BT-1 cells, respectively. Both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry data showed that EMMPRIN was primarily expressed in luminal and glandular epithelium with strong staining on Day 19 conceptus. At Day 19 of gestation, expression of EMMPRIN mRNA on luminal epithelium was decreased than that observed at middle of estrous cycle, however, on Day 30 of gestation, slightly increased expression was found at the site of placentation. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-14 mRNA were mainly detected in stroma and their expression also decreased at Day 19 of gestation however it was also expressed at the site of placentation at Day 30 of gestation as observed for EMMPRIN. Expression of MMP-1 or -9 mRNA was very low and was below the detection limit in the cyclic and pregnant endometrium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMMPRIN from the luminal epithelium may regulate the expression of stromal MMP-2 and -14 suggesting its crucial role in adhesion and fusion of embryo to luminal epithelium by directly itself through physiological tissues remodeling and developmental process, and/or stimulating MMPs to compensate endometrial functions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Birendra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kizaki
authors.forename: Katsuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koshi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ushizawa
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Misa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosoe
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashizume
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051926:Basigin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005865:Gestational Age; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051926:Basigin; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14