title: Regional differences in awareness and attitudes regarding genetic testing for disease risk and ancestry.
abstract: Little is known about the lay public's awareness and attitudes concerning genetic testing and what factors influence their perspectives. The existing literature focuses mainly on ethnic and socioeconomic differences; however, here we focus on how awareness and attitudes regarding genetic testing differ by geographical regions in the US. We compared awareness and attitudes concerning genetic testing for disease risk and ancestry among 452 adults (41% Black and 67% female) in four major US cities, Norman, OK; Cincinnati, OH; Harlem, NY; and Washington, DC; prior to their participation in genetic ancestry testing. The OK participants reported more detail about their personal ancestries (p = 0.02) and valued ancestry testing over disease testing more than all other sites (p < 0.01). The NY participants were more likely than other sites to seek genetic testing for disease (p = 0.01) and to see benefit in finding out more about one's ancestry (p = 0.02), while the DC participants reported reading and hearing more about genetic testing for African ancestry than all other sites (p < 0.01). These site differences were not better accounted for by sex, age, education, self-reported ethnicity, religion, or previous experience with genetic testing/counseling. Regional differences in awareness and attitudes transcend traditional demographic predictors, such as ethnicity, age and education. Local sociocultural factors, more than ethnicity and socioeconomic status, may influence the public's awareness and belief systems, particularly with respect to genetics.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jonassaint
authors.forename: Eunice R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Crystal M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: Perry W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Grace-Ann
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Fasaye
authors.forename: Nefertiti
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oji-Njideka
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hooker
authors.forename: Wenndy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Morris W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Rick A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kittles
authors.forename: Charmaine D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Royal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology; D001364:Awareness; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000523:psychology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult