title: Damage of the interstitial cells of Cajal and myenteric neurons causing ileus in acute necrotizing pancreatitis rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small intestinal motility is impaired in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). The present study was designed to detect the impairment in small intestinal motility and to assess the role of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), myenteric neurons and the associated mechanism in the pathogenesis of ileus during experimentally induced acute pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  ANP was induced by intraperitoneal injections of 30% L-ornithine at a dose of 3 g/kg at hourly intervals. The alterations of small intestine electrical activity--migrating myoelectric complexes (MMCs), and slow waves--were measured 24 hr after ANP induction. The spontaneous mechanical activity and the contractile response to ACh, KCl, tetrodotoxin (TTX) and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) were evaluated by organ bath technique, and the morphologic alterations of the network of ICC, myenteric neurons and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunoreactive cells were evaluated using the markers of c-Kit, PGP9.5, and nNOS, respectively. To demonstrate the deficiencies in enteric neuronal origin, we also measured nNOS expression in the muscular layer of ileum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  L-ornithine-induced necrotizing pancreatitis manifests with multiple symptoms, including decreased amplitude of spontaneous contractions in small intestinal smooth muscle, declined contractile response to ACh, TTX, and L-NNA in vitro, disrupted MMC cycle length, decreased dominant frequency and dominant power of slow waves in vivo. Furthermore, the morphologic studies demonstrated the damage of ICC (ANP group versus control; P = .000), myenteric neurons (ANP group versus control; P = .001) and nNOS immunoreactive neurons (ANP group versus control; P = .000). We also observed a substantial loss in the expression of nNOS protein in muscular layer of the small intestine (ANP group versus control; P = .032).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the pathogenesis of the small intestinal paralysis in ANP may be related to the deficiencies in ICC and nNOS neurons.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Stress Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Guixiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Duowu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Zhaoshen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D045823:Ileus / Q000209:etiology*; D056885:Interstitial Cells of Cajal / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009197:Myenteric Plexus / Q000502:physiology*; D016065:Myoelectric Complex, Migrating / Q000502:physiology; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000032:analysis; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I