title: Effects of chronic severe pulmonary regurgitation and percutaneous valve repair on right ventricular geometry and contractility assessed by tissue Doppler echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) following repair of right ventricular (RV) outflow obstruction is related to slowly progressive RV dilatation and heart failure and will eventually require surgical intervention, but optimal timing of pulmonary valve replacement is challenging. Tissue Doppler based quantification of RV contractility may offer additional information in the management of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a porcine animal model free PR was induced by percutaneous stenting of the pulmonary valve orifice (N = 23). After 1, 2, or 3 months of free PR percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement (PPVR) was performed. Tissue Doppler derived measures of global and regional myocardial contractility were obtained by transthoracic echocardiography, and compared to a sham-operated control group (N = 9).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Free PR is associated with RV dilatation (RV end-diastolic area increased from 15 ± 3 to 23 ± 7 cm(2) /m(2) , P < 0.0001) and a decrease in RV fractional area change from 62 ± 10% to 57 ± 12%, P = 0.08, with no impact of duration of free PR. The isovolumic acceleration, regional strain, and strain rate were unchanged after free PR and after PPVR. No consistent relation of echocardiographic measures of contractility and response to PPVR could be identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Echocardiographic measures of RV contractility remained unchanged, despite significant RV remodeling following chronic PR and PPVR persistently induced significant recovery in the majority of the animals. These results may imply that Tissue Doppler based measures of RV contractility may not be sufficiently sensitive to be a suitable adjunct to conventional echocardiography in the follow-up of patients with free PR in order to optimize timing of valve replacement.
authors.affiliation: The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. jesper.kjaergaard@rh.regionh.dk
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kjaergaard
authors.forename: Kasper K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: Niels G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Vejlstrup
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonhoeffer
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Søndergaard
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hassager
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D011665:Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*