title: [Interdisciplinary strategies versus doping].
abstract: Doping is a phenomenon which in the past years through the various incidences in professional cycling has come more and more into the focus of the public interest. Whilst in the young past the problems were to define the term "doping" exactly, today's problem is to prevent adolescents and children of doping. This shall be achieved by carrying out controls and serious sanctions for doping violations. Scientific research proved that doping usage can be avoided by broad specific prevention measures. In general, the earlier the athletes dope the higher the risk to become addicted later on in life to other legal or illegal drugs. The aim of this review is to analyse the prevalence of doping regarding youth-, competitive-, high performance and recreational sports and to examine further aspects of doping abuse, risks of addiction, the legal situation, current strategies in the fight against doping and to enhance chances of further doping prevention opportunities. By means of this data an all-embracing view should be given over the current situation, problems and prospects in German-speaking countries.
authors.affiliation: Abteilungen Pneumologie und Sportmedizin des Instituts für Arbeitsmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin-Dahlem, Deutschland. Karin.Vitzthum@charite.de
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vitzthum
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mache
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quarcoo
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Groneberg
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schöffel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D054874:Athletic Performance; D001317:Austria; D002648:Child; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D012307:Risk Factors; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs