Multiple fluorescent chemical sensing and imaging.
Optical sensors, unlike most others, enable multiple sensing of (bio)chemical species by making use of probes whose signals can be differentiated by spectral and/or temporal resolution. Multiple sensors are of substantial interest for continuous monitoring of chemical parameters in complex samples such as blood, bioreactor fluids, in the chemical industry, aerodynamic research, and when monitoring food quality control, to mention typical examples. Moreover, such sensors enable non-invasive, non-toxic and online detection. We discuss in this critical review the state of the art in terms of spectroscopic principles, materials (mainly indicator probes and polymers), and give selected examples for dual and triple sensors along with a look into the future (109 references).
Stich
Matthias I J
MI
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
Fischer
Lorenz H
LH
Wolfbeis
Otto S
OS
D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes