title: Cellular response of titanium and its alloys as implants.
abstract: The cellular response of osteocytes to commercially pure titanium (α) and its alloys (α + β and β) has been tested in a culture media, and the results have been supplemented by analyses from various techniques such as inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic (ICP-AES) analysis, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), metallography, and electrochemical measurements. These results have been correlated with respect to the presence of various alloying elements in these alloys to qualify them for human application. The newer β alloys have been examined for their potential use as implants. These results serve as a preliminary baseline to characterize the best alloy system for a comprehensive long-term investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA. rbhola@mines.edu
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhola
authors.forename: Shaily M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bhola
authors.forename: Brajendra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Reed
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ayers
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000494:pharmacology; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003343:Corrosion; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058266:Dielectric Spectroscopy; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D006801:Humans; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008422:Materials Testing; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; C023988:beta titanium; C525450:titanium molybdenum alloy; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide