title: BAFF, stimulatory DNA and IL-15 stimulates IgA(+) memory B cells and provides a novel approach for analysis of memory responses to mucosal vaccines.
abstract: Assessment of immune responses induced by mucosal vaccines is to a large extent based on measurement of IgA levels in mucosal secretions and detection of short-lived effector IgA-secreting cells circulating in peripheral blood. Since these immunological parameters poorly reflect long-term IgA-mediated responses, we sought to investigate novel approaches that would enable detection of vaccine specific IgA memory B cells. We demonstrate that stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro with immunostimulatory DNA in combination with B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and IL-15 promotes differentiation of IgA memory B cells to IgA-secreting cells. By using the inactivated oral cholera vaccine Dukoral we demonstrate that vaccine specific IgA memory B cells are induced by oral immunization and are circulating for at least 9 months after vaccination. We also show that stimulated IgA memory B cells do not secrete IgA unless they reencounter the specific antigen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Göteborg University Vaccine Research Institute (GUVAX), University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7A, Box 435, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden. sara.tengvall@microbio.gu.se
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tengvall
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lundgren
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quiding-Järbrink
authors.forename: Ann-Mari
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Svennerholm
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D022121:Cholera Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004247:DNA / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor; D022121:Cholera Vaccines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D019409:Interleukin-15; C505719:TNFSF13B protein, human; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D004247:DNA