title: [Nasal ultrastructure ciliates and symptoms changing in rat model of allergic rhinitis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize explore the feature of nasal mucosa ultrastructure changes after prolonged allergen challenge and to examine the relationships between nasal airway hyperresponsivity and ultrastructure ciliates changing.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prepared rat allergic rhinitis for ovalbumin. Rats were subsequently challenged two times a week with ovalbumin from day 16 to day 42, 56, 112 and 140. We examined allergen-induced nasal symptoms and objective nasal symptoms using evaluation of symptoms and EOS. Moreover, the pathologic changes were investigated after allergen challenge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extended allergen challenge protocol caused significant nasal ultrastructure changing. Specifically, ultrastructure changing were characterized by disordered Ciliated cells and some sticky integrated, dumping of epithelium ciliates, even some loss. Allergen-induced nasal symptoms were first increased but gradually decreased in nasal symptoms after prolonged allergen challenge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated that ultrastructure changes of nasal mucosa ciliates in a rat allergic rhinitis model prolonged allergen exposure. Moreover, prolonged allergen exposure induced a reduction of nasal symptoms together with a progression of nasal mucosa ciliates damaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yuehui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002923:Cilia / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000473:pathology*