title: Mannitol facilitates neurotrophic factor up-regulation and behavioural recovery in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic rats with human umbilical cord blood grafts.
abstract: We recently demonstrated that blood-brain barrier permeabilization using mannitol enhances the therapeutic efficacy of systemically administered human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) by facilitating the entry of neurotrophic factors from the periphery into the adult stroke brain. Here, we examined whether the same blood-brain barrier manipulation approach increases the therapeutic effects of intravenously delivered HUCB in a neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) injury model. Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral HI injury and then at day 7 after the insult, animals intravenously received vehicle alone, mannitol alone, HUCB cells (15k mononuclear fraction) alone or a combination of mannitol and HUCB cells. Behavioural tests at post-transplantation days 7 and 14 showed that HI animals that received HUCB cells alone or when combined with mannitol were significantly less impaired in motor asymmetry and motor coordination compared with those that received vehicle alone or mannitol alone. Brain tissues from a separate animal cohort from the four treatment conditions were processed for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at day 3 post-transplantation, and revealed elevated levels of GDNF, NGF and BDNF in those that received HUCB cells alone or when combined with mannitol compared with those that received vehicle or mannitol alone, with the combined HUCB cells and mannitol exhibiting the most robust neurotropic factor up-regulation. Histological assays revealed only sporadic detection of HUCB cells, suggesting that the trophic factor-mediated mechanism, rather than cell replacement per se, principally contributed to the behavioural improvement. These findings extend the utility of blood-brain barrier permeabilization in facilitating cell therapy for treating neonatal HI injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuhara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsukawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuzmin-Nichols
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ellovitch
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Klasko
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Sanberg
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Sanberg
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Borlongan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D036101:Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; D003712:Dendrites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D008353:Mannitol