title: Bright white upconversion emission from Yb(3+), Er(3+), and Tm(3+)-codoped Gd(2)O(3) nanotubes.
abstract: Yb(3+), Er(3+), and Tm(3+)-codoped Gd(2)O(3) nanotubes were synthesized via a simple wet-chemical route at low temperature and ambient pressure followed by a subsequent heat treatment at 800 degrees C. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), upconversion (UC) emission spectra, and kinetic decay were used to characterize the samples. Bright white UC luminescence in the nanotubes was observed under diode laser excitation of 980 nm. The white light consists of the blue ((1)G(4)-->(3)H(6) of Tm(3+)), green ((2)H(11/2)/(4)S(3/2)-->(4)I(15/2) of Er(3+)), and red ((4)F(9/2)-->(4)I(15/2) of Er(3+)) UC emissions. As the excitation power density changed in the range of 20-200 W cm(-2), the calculated CIE color coordinates shift only slightly and fall well within the white region. This material may be a potential candidate for applications of color displays, lighting and photonics.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Kezhi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Daisheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qin