title: Helping men make an informed decision about prostate cancer screening: a pilot study of telephone counseling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate a computer-assisted telephone counseling (CATC) decision aid for men considering a prostate specific antigen (PSA) test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible men were invited by their primary care providers (PCPs) to participate. Those consenting received an educational booklet followed by CATC. The counselor assessed stage of readiness, reviewed booklet information, corrected knowledge deficits and helped with a values clarification exercise. The materials presented advantages and disadvantages of being screened and did not advocate for testing or for not testing. Outcome measures included changes in stage, decisional conflict, decisional satisfaction, perceived vulnerability and congruence of a PSA testing decision with a pros/cons score. Baseline and final surveys were administered by telephone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an increase in PSA knowledge (p<0.001), and in decisional satisfaction (p<0.001), a decrease in decisional conflict (p<0.001), and a general consistency of those decisions with the man's values. Among those initially who had not made a decision, 83.1% made a decision by final survey with decisions equally for or against screening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intervention provides realistic, unbiased and effective decision support for men facing a difficult and confusing decision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our intervention could potentially replace a discussion of PSA testing with the PCP for most men.
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. Mary.Costanza@umassmed.edu
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Costanza
authors.forename: Roger S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Luckmann
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosal
authors.forename: Mary Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: LaPelle
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Partin
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cranos
authors.forename: Katherine G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D032921:Consensus; D003657:Decision Making; D003658:Decision Making, Computer-Assisted; D037001:Directive Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D017144:Focus Groups; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D054526:Men's Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D058007:Physicians, Primary Care; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013689:Telephone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen