title: Differential expression of growth differentiation factor-9 in keloids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanisms of keloid invasion are largely unknown. This study aims to analyze the differentially expressed genes between keloid peripheral and central areas and thus to define the molecule that might be responsible for keloid invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The gene chip of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling pathway was used to analyze differentially expressed genes of the fibroblasts derived from peripheral area and central area of 3 keloids. The differential expression of growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) was also confirmed by quantitative PCR and Western-blot. Moreover, GDF-9 expression levels were compared among the fibroblasts derived from 3 keloids, hypertrophic scars and normal skin with quantitative PCR and immunofluorescent staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GDF-9 expression level was significantly higher in the peripheral area than in the central area (p<0.05) and was significantly higher in keloid than in hypertrophic scar and normal skin (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Up-regulated GDF-9 expression in keloid peripheral area may play a role in keloid invasive behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017439:Cicatrix, Hypertrophic / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D055429:Growth Differentiation Factor 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007627:Keloid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D055429:Growth Differentiation Factor 9