title: Controlling alcohol-related global health problems.
abstract: Alcohol's adverse public health impact includes disease, injury, violence, disability, social problems, psychiatric illness, drunk driving, drug use, unsafe sex, and premature death. Furthermore, alcohol is a confirmed human carcinogen. The International Agency for Research on Cancer concluded that alcohol causes cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, liver, colon-rectum, and breast. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research concluded that the evidence justifies recommending avoidance of consuming any alcohol, even in small quantities. Despite being responsible for 3.8% of global deaths (2,255,000 deaths) and 4.6% of global disability-adjusted life years in 2004, alcohol consumption is increasing rapidly in China and Asia. Contrary to the World Health Assembly's call for global control action, Hong Kong has reduced wine and beer taxes to zero since 2008. An International Framework Convention on Alcohol Control is urgently needed. Increasing alcohol taxation and banning alcohol advertisement and promotion are among the most effective policies.
authors.affiliation: Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, School of Public Health, Hong Kong SAR. hrmrlth@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: Tai Hing
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chim
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001515:Beer / Q000191:economics; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014943:Global Health; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007390:International Agencies; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011049:Social Control Policies; D013660:Taxes; D014920:Wine / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D000431:Ethanol