title: Induction of pluripotency in human cord blood unrestricted somatic stem cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human cord blood (CB)-derived unrestricted somatic stem cells and evaluation of their molecular signature and differentiation potential in comparison to human embryonic stem cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unrestricted somatic stem cells isolated from human CB were reprogrammed to iPS cells using retroviral expression of the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and C-MYC. The reprogrammed cells were analyzed morphologically, by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, genome-wide microRNA and methylation profiling, and gene expression microarrays, as well as in their pluripotency potential by in vivo teratoma formation in severe combined immunodeficient mice and in vitro differentiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CB iPS cells are very similar to human embryonic stem cells morphologically, at their molecular signature, and in their differentiation potential.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human CB-derived unrestricted somatic stem cells offer an attractive source of cells for generation of iPS cells. Our findings open novel perspectives to generate human leukocyte antigen-matched pluripotent stem cell banks based on existing CB banks. Besides the obvious relevance of a second-generation CB iPS cell bank for pharmacological and toxicological testing, its application for autologous or allogenic regenerative cell transplantation appears feasible.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Holm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zaehres
authors.forename: Gesine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kögler
authors.forename: Marcos J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Arauzo-Bravo
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bleidissel
authors.forename: Simeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santourlidis
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weinhold
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Greber
authors.forename: Jeong Beom
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buchheiser
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liedtke
authors.forename: Hanna M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Eilken
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Graffmann
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burr
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Waclawczyk
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ortmeier
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhrberg
authors.forename: Hans R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Schöler
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cantz
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wernet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054337:Cell Dedifferentiation; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013724:Teratoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; C000715468:Klf4 protein, mouse; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D035683:MicroRNAs; D014157:Transcription Factors