title: Clinical outcomes and immune benefits of anti-epileptic drug therapy in HIV/AIDS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are frequently prescribed to persons with HIV/AIDS receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) although the extent of AED use and their interactions with cART are uncertain. Herein, AED usage, associated toxicities and immune consequences were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV replication was analysed in proliferating human T cells during AED exposure. Patients receiving AEDs in a geographically-based HIV care program were assessed using clinical and laboratory variables in addition to assessing AED indication, type, and cumulative exposures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Valproate suppressed proliferation in vitro of both HIV-infected and uninfected T cells (p <0.05) but AED exposures did not affect HIV production in vitro. Among 1345 HIV/AIDS persons in active care between 2001 and 2007, 169 individuals were exposed to AEDs for the following indications: peripheral neuropathy/neuropathic pain (60%), seizure/epilepsy (24%), mood disorder (13%) and movement disorder (2%). The most frequently prescribed AEDs were calcium channel blockers (gabapentin/pregabalin), followed by sodium channel blockers (phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine) and valproate. In a nested cohort of 55 AED-treated patients receiving cART and aviremic, chronic exposure to sodium and calcium channel blocking AEDs was associated with increased CD4+ T cell levels (p <0.05) with no change in CD8+ T cell levels over 12 months from the beginning of AED therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AEDs were prescribed for multiple indications without major adverse effects in this population but immune status in patients receiving sodium or calcium channel blocking drugs was improved.
authors.affiliation: Southern Alberta Clinic, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Pornpun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vivithanaporn
authors.forename: Reed A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Siemieniuk
authors.forename: Hartmut B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Krentz
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maingat
authors.forename: M John
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Power
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D014635:Valproic Acid