title: Comparison of prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility in elderly patients with heart failure, myocardial infarction, and a coronary artery bypass graft.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to compare the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and hostility among 3 clinically diverse elderly cardiac patient cohorts and a reference group of healthy elders.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multicenter, comparative study. A total of 1167 individuals participated: 260 healthy elders, and 907 elderly cardiac patients who were at least 3 months past a hospitalization (478 heart-failure patients, 298 postmyocardial infarction patients, and 131 postcoronary artery bypass graft patients). Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and hostility were measured using the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and hostility was higher in patients in each of the cardiac patient groups than in the group of healthy elders. Almost three quarters of patients with heart failure reported experiencing symptoms of depression, and the heart-failure group manifested the greatest percentage of patients with depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high levels of emotional distress common in cardiac patients are not a function of aging, because healthy elders exhibit low levels of anxiety, depression, and hostility.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0232, USA. dmoser@uky.edu
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dracup
authors.forename: Lorraine S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Evangelista
authors.forename: Cheryl Hoyt
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Zambroski
authors.forename: Terry A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lennie
authors.forename: Misook L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Lynn V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Doering
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Westlake
authors.forename: Seongkum
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000367:Age Factors; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology