title: Biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels based on a self-elimination degradation mechanism.
abstract: Two vinyl sulfone functionalized crosslinkers were developed for the purpose of preparing degradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels (EMXL and GABA-EMXL hydrogels). A self-elimination degradation mechanism in which an N-terminal residue of a glutamine is converted to pyroglutamic acid with subsequent release of diamino PEG (DAP) is proposed. The hydrogels were formed via Michael addition by mixing degradable or nondegradable crosslinkers and copolymer {4% w/v; poly[PEG-alt-poly(mercapto-succinic acid)]} at room temperature in phosphate buffer (PB, pH = 7.4). Hydrogel degradation was characterized by assessing diamino PEG release and examining morphological changes as well as the swelling and weight loss ratio under physiological conditions (37 degrees C). Degradation of EMXL and GABA-EMXL hydrogels occurred by surface erosion (confirmed by SEM). GABA-EMXL degradation was significantly faster (approximately 3-fold) than EMXL; however, the degradation of both hydrogels in mouse plasma was 12-times slower than in PBS. The slower degradation rate in plasma as compared to buffer is consistent with the presence of gamma-glutamyltransferase, gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase and/or glutaminyl cyclase (QC), which have been shown to suppress pyroglutamic acid formation. The current studies suggest that EMXL and GABA-EMXL hydrogels may have biomedical applications where 1-2 week degradation timeframes are optimal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Manjeet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
authors.forename: Yashveer
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Simi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gunaseelan
authors.forename: Dayuan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sinko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003911:Dextrans / Q000378:metabolism; D005450:Fluorescamine / Q000378:metabolism; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000378:metabolism; D020100:Hydrogels; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003911:Dextrans; D020100:Hydrogels; D005450:Fluorescamine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate