title: An endoscopic approach to longitudinal structures including muscle flaps and vein, tendon, and nerve grafts.
abstract: Anatomically favorable structures that have a longitudinal orientation are particularly amenable to endoscopic harvest. Typically, only a single portal is necessary for access, and an optical cavity can be maintained using a mechanical retraction device. As with all minimal invasive surgery, this can still allow rapid and often a safer tissue harvest with diminished morbidity, especially with respect to wound healing and non-aesthetic scar formation. Many plastic surgery applications have already been described facilitated by the endoscopic harvest of vein, tendon, and nerve grafts, as well as certain local or free muscle flaps.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, The Lehigh Valley Hospitals and Sacred Heart Hospital, Allentown, Pennsylvania; and St. Luke's Hospital, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Geoffrey G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Hallock
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rice