title: A phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial of the effect of modafinil on cancer-related fatigue among 631 patients receiving chemotherapy: a University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program Research base study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer-related fatigue is a debilitating symptom affecting psychosocial functioning and quality of life in 70% to 100% of cancer patients during and after treatment. The authors examined the effect of 200 mg of modafinil daily on the severity of cancer-related fatigue.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3, clinical trial to examine the effect of modafinil on patient-reported fatigue in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. A sample of 877 cancer patients beginning chemotherapy at 23 geographically separate University of Rochester Cancer Center (URCC) Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) affiliates were assessed for fatigue. Patients who reported fatigue (N=867) were randomly assigned to receive either 200 mg of oral modafinil (Provigil) daily or a placebo. Treatment began on Day 5 of Cycle 2 and ended after Day 7 of Cycle 4. Fatigue and depression were assessed during Cycles 2 to 4 by using psychometrically valid measures. Group differences (treatment vs control) in the worst level of fatigue during the previous week at Cycle 4 were examined by using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for baseline fatigue (Cycle 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 631 patients (315 modafinil, 316 placebo) who provided evaluable data. ANCOVA showed a significant interaction between treatment condition and baseline fatigue (P=.017), where patients with severe baseline fatigue (n=458) benefited from modafinil, whereas patients with mild or moderate fatigue did not. Modafinil had no statistically significant effect on depression (P>.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modafinil may be useful in controlling cancer-related fatigue in patients who present with severe fatigue but is not useful in patients with mild or moderate fatigue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida 33101, USA. PJean-Pierre@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jean-Pierre
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Roscoe
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heckler
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohile
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janelsins
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peppone
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hemstad
authors.forename: Benjamin T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Esparaz
authors.forename: Judith O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005221:Fatigue / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077408:Modafinil; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010919:Placebos / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D010919:Placebos; D000077408:Modafinil