title: The effect of age on the expression of apoptosis biomarkers in human spermatozoa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of age on the expression of apoptotic biomarkers in human spermatozoa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional, prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy volunteers with proven fertility, stratified by age (n = 25, range: 20-68 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Examination of serum hormone levels and basic semen parameters, and assessment of early (plasma membrane translocation of phosphatidylserine) and late (DNA fragmentation) sperm apoptotic markers by flow cytometry (using Annexin-V binding and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling).
  
  
  METHODS
  Apoptosis markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Advancing male age was significantly and positively correlated with Annexin-V binding results. Although not significant, there was a clear trend for increased DNA fragmentation in the older groups. The age threshold for these observations appears to be 40 years. Advancing male age was positively correlated with FSH and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, and negatively correlated with sperm concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advancing male age is associated with the expression of early apoptotic markers as evidenced by significantly increased plasma membrane translocation of phosphatidylserine, as well as with a more subtle proportion of sperm carrying DNA fragmentation. This study confirmed that male age is also associated with a decline in sperm concentration.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Health Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alinne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colin
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.forename: Nardhy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gómez-López
authors.forename: E Hakan
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oehninger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010331:Paternal Age; D055101:Semen Analysis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D015415:Biomarkers