title: Efficient and stable MGMT-mediated selection of long-term repopulating stem cells in nonhuman primates.
abstract: HSC transplantation using genetically modified autologous cells is a promising therapeutic strategy for various genetic diseases, cancer, and HIV. However, for many of these conditions, the current efficiency of gene transfer to HSCs is not sufficient for clinical use. The ability to increase the percentage of gene-modified cells following transplantation is critical to overcoming this obstacle. In vivo selection with mutant methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMTP140K) has been proposed to overcome low gene transfer efficiency to HSCs. Previous studies have shown efficient in vivo selection in mice and dogs but only transient selection in primates. Here, we report efficient and stable MGMTP140K-mediated multilineage selection in both macaque and baboon nonhuman primate models. Treatment consisting of both O6-benzylguanine (O6BG) and N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitroso-urea (BCNU) stably increased the percentage of transgene-expressing cells from a range of initial levels of engrafted genetically modified cells, with the longest follow-up after drug treatment occurring over 2.2 years. Drug treatment was well tolerated, and selection occurred in myeloid, lymphoid, and erythroid cells as well as platelets. Retrovirus integration site analysis before and after drug treatments confirmed the presence of multiple clones. These nonhuman primate studies closely model a clinical setting and should have broad applications for HSC gene therapy targeting human diseases of malignant, genetic, and infectious nature, including HIV.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Beard
authors.forename: Grant D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Trobridge
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ironside
authors.forename: Jeannine S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: McCune
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Adair
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Kiem
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002330:Carmustine; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D008297:Male; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D010215:Papio; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D013234:Stem Cells; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: C064976:O(6)-benzylguanine; D006147:Guanine; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase; D002330:Carmustine