title: Effects of a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, satavaptan, on ascites recurrence after paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cirrhotic patients with recurrent ascites frequently require paracentesis despite diuretic therapy. Vasopressin receptor antagonists, by increasing free water clearance, may reduce the recurrence of ascites. To investigate the effects of the addition of a vasopressin V(2) receptor antagonist, satavaptan, to 100mg spironolactone on ascites recurrence after a large volume paracentesis in patients with liver cirrhosis irrespective of the presence of hyponatraemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty one cirrhotic patients with recurrent ascites with or without hyponatraemia, and normal to mildly abnormal renal function were randomised in a double-blind study to receive either 5mg (n=39), 12.5mg (n=36), 25mg (n=40) of satavaptan or placebo (n=36) for 12 weeks. Their Child-Pugh scores were 9.2+/-1.3, 8.7+/-1.7, 8.8+/-1.3, and 9.0+/-1.5, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median time to first paracentesis was 23, 26, and 17 days with satavaptan 5, 12.5, and 25mg, respectively, versus 14 days with placebo (ns for all doses). The frequency of paracenteses was decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all satavaptan groups versus placebo. Mean increase in ascites was 2.82+/-0.48 L/week for placebo versus 2.12+/-0.40, 2.14+/-0.33, and 2.06+/-0.40 L/week for the 5, 12.5, and 25mg of satavaptan, respectively (ns for all doses). Similar numbers of patients experienced major adverse events in all groups. Increases in serum creatinine, orthostatic changes in systolic pressure and thirst were more common with satavaptan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Satavaptan has the potential to reduce recurrence of ascites after a large volume paracentesis at doses from 5 to 25mg in cirrhotic patients with ascites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada. florence.wong@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gines
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horsmans
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Angeli
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gow
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Minini
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D001201:Ascites / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009025:Morpholines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019152:Paracentesis; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013894:Thirst; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D004232:Diuretics; D009025:Morpholines; D013141:Spiro Compounds; D013148:Spironolactone; C103281:satavaptan; D003404:Creatinine