title: Supercritical CO(2) oil extraction from Chinese star anise seed and simultaneous compositional analysis using HPLC by fluorescence detection and online atmospheric CI-MS identification.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Supercritical CO(2) was utilised to extract Chinese star anise seed oil (CSASO), and a three-level Box-Behnken factorial design from response surface methodology was applied to optimise the extraction conditions, including pressure, temperature and amount of modifier (ethanol). The compositional analysis of fatty acids in CSASO was performed by HPLC with fluorescence detection using 2-(11H-benzo[a]carbazol-11-yl)-ethyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonate (BCETS) as labelling reagent. Identification was carried out by online atmospheric chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction pressure, 27.72 MPa, extraction temperature, 46.22 degrees C, and amount of modifier, 8.58 vol.%. The experimental result showed that the maximum extraction yield was 25.31 +/- 0.22% (w/w) under the conditions proposed. The compositional analysis indicated that CSASO mainly contained C18:2, C18:1, C18:3, C20:4, C16, C18 and C20 fatty acids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, a fast, simple and high-efficiency supercritical technique for extracting oil from Chinese star anise seed was developed. Simultaneous determination of fatty acids in CSASO using BCETS as the labelling reagent with HPLC fluorescence detection and online mass spectroscopy identification has been successfully achieved.
authors.affiliation: Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guoliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Junyou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yourui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suo
authors.forename: Jinmao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005453:Fluorescence; D029523:Illicium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D002245:Carbon Dioxide