title: Assessment of ametryn contamination in river water, river sediment, and mollusk bivalves in São Paulo state, Brazil.
abstract: São Paulo state, Brazil, is one of the main areas of sugar cane agriculture in the world. Herbicides, in particular, ametryn, are extensively used in this extensive area, which implies that this herbicide is present in the environment and can contaminate the surface water by running off. Thereby, residues of ametryn were analyzed in samples of river water an river sediment and in freshwater bivalves obtained from the rivers Sapucaí, Pardo and Mogi-Guaçu in São Paulo State, Brazil. Samples were taken in the winter of 2003 and 2004 in two locations in each river. The specimens of freshwater bivalves collected and analyzed were Corbicula fluminea, an exotic species, and Diplodon fontaineanus, a native species. Additionally, the evaluation of the ability of bioconcentration and depuration of ametryn by the freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea was also performed. Ametryn concentrations in the samples were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Residues of ametryn in water (50 ng/L) and in freshwater bivalves (2-7 ng/g) were found in the Mogi-Guaçu River in 2004, and residues in river sediments were found in all rivers in 2003 and 2004 (0.5-2 ng/g). The observation of the aquatic environment through the analysis of these matrixes, water, sediment, and bivalves, revealed the importance of the river sediment in the accumulation of the herbicide ametryn, which can contaminate the biota.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Phylosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Analu Egydio
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Jacomini
authors.forename: Plínio Barbosa
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: de Camargo
authors.forename: Wagner Eustáquio Paiva
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Avelar
authors.forename: Pierina Sueli
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bonato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D049874:Corbicula / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C100057:ametryne