title: Evidence that genetic variants of metabolic detoxication and cell cycle control are not related to gallbladder cancer risk in Chilean women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High consumption of red chili pepper has been shown to be a risk factor for gallbladder cancer (GBC) in Chilean women. However, genetic factors in addition to this and other environmental factors may also be associated with an increased risk of GBC. We aimed to examine the associations of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), glutathione S-transferase class mu (GSTM1), and tumor protein p53 (TP53) polymorphisms with the risk of GBC in Chilean women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hospital-based case-control study of 57 patients with GBC, 119 patients with gallstones, and 70 controls was conducted. The statuses of the polymorphisms CYP1A1 rs4646903, CYP1A1 rs1048943, and TP53 rs1042522 were assayed using Custom Taqman SNP Genotyping Assays and TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. GSTM1 deletion polymorphism was detected by allele-specific PCR analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in the genotypic or allelic frequencies in the CYP1A1, GSTM1, and TP53 polymorphisms were found between the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These genetic variants were not related to an increased risk of GBC in Chilean women. Other polymorphisms, such as red-chili-pepper-related polymorphisms, may contribute to the development of GBC in Chilean women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan. tsuchiya@nuhw.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baez
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pruyas
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: Kikuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikegami
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002212:Capsicum / Q000378:metabolism; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002677:Chile; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005787:Gene Frequency; D018816:Genes, cdc / Q000502:physiology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors