title: Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of incident myocardial infarction and heart failure, and all-cause mortality in the Australian veteran community.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the association between either non-selective NSAIDs (ns-NSAIDs), selective COX-2 inhibitors, or any NSAID and risk of incident myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF), and all-cause mortality in elderly subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective nested case-control study on Australian veterans using nationwide hospital admission and pharmacy dispensing data. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the risk of events for three different measures of prescription supply exposure over the last 2 years: (i) supplied at least once, (ii) supply frequency: supplied more than twice within the last 30 days, once or twice within the last 30 days, and once or more 30 days to 2 years and (iii) total supplies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 83 623 cases and 1 662 099 matched controls (1:20) contributing 3 862 931 persons-years of observation. NSAID use at least once within the last 2 years did not significantly affect the risk of MI (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.96, 1.04) but was associated with a mildly reduced risk of HF (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92, 0.98). There was a reduced all-cause mortality with at least one supply of either ns-NSAIDs (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90, 0.97), selective COX-2 inhibitors (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88, 0.93), or any NSAID (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.85, 0.90). Risk of death was also inversely associated with the number of prescription supplies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NSAID use is not associated with an increased risk of incident MI and HF but is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality in Australian veterans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Australia. arduino.mangoni@flinders.edu.au
authors.forename: Arduino A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mangoni
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Woodman
authors.forename: Paraskevi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaganis
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Knights
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001315:Australia; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002423:Cause of Death; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014728:Veterans
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors