title: Cytotoxicity assessment of heparin nanoparticles in NR8383 macrophages.
abstract: The bioavailability of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has been increased by encapsulation in nanoparticles. As a complement to these results, the cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by LMWH nanoparticles prepared by two methods [nanoprecipitation (NP) and double emulsion (DE)] using Eudragit RS (RS) and poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) have been analysed. Particle sizes varied from 54 to 400nm with zeta potential values between -65 and +63mV. Our results showed that the method of nanoparticle preparation affects their properties, especially in terms of drug incorporation and cell tolerance. Cell viability ranged from 6% to 100% depending on the preparation method and physicochemical properties of the particles and the type of toxicity assay. Particle diameter and zeta potential seemed to be the most valuable cytotoxicity markers when cell viability was measured by Trypan blue exclusion and MTT respectively. Nanoparticles prepared by DE were better tolerated than those of NP. LMWH encapsulation into the cationic nanoparticles reduces remarkably their toxicity. Apoptosis evaluation showed activated caspases in exposed cells. However, no nuclear fragmentation was detected in NR8383 cells whatever the tested nanoparticles. DE nanoparticles of RS and PCL can be proposed as a good LMWH delivery system due to their low toxicity (IC(50) approximately 2.33 and 0.96mg/mL, respectively).
authors.affiliation: Nancy-Université, Faculty of Pharmacy, EA 3452, 5 rue Albert Lebrun, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eidi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Joubert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Attik
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Duval
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bottin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamouia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maincent
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Rihn
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000737:chemistry*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D053758:Nanoparticles; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010316:Particle Size; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000925:Anticoagulants; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone; C050528:Eudragit RS; D020169:Caspases