title: Do metal concentrations in moss from the Zackenberg area, Northeast Greenland, provide a baseline for monitoring?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims at evaluating (a) whether concentrations of a suite of elements in mosses sampled in the arctic region around Zackenberg reflect background concentrations useful for estimating pollution levels in industrialized parts of the northern hemisphere as is attempted, e.g. in the framework of the UNECE ICP Vegetation monitoring programme, and (b) whether there are any influences from Zackenberg research station detectable in these concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two moss species were sampled according to guidelines used in the UNECE ICP Vegetation programme. Samples were analysed for ¹⁹⁵Pt at low resolution, ²⁷Al, ⁵²Cr, ⁶⁵Cu, ⁶⁶Zn, ⁹⁵Mo, ¹¹¹Cd, ¹¹⁸Sn, ¹²¹Sb and ²⁰⁸Pb at medium resolution and ⁷⁵As at high resolution on an Element 2 inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Except for Al, As and Cr, data from Zackenberg showed significantly lower mean element concentrations than those reported in comparable studies from all over the world including those from other Arctic environments. Minimum concentrations in Zackenberg mosses were consistently below all values reported so far for all elements analysed. The results of a PCA suggested only a slight impact from Zackenberg research station on concentrations of Cd, Mo and Zn in moss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the sites in Zackenberg can be considered true background sites providing baseline concentrations of at least eight elements for comparable monitoring studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Faculty Centre of Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria. harald.zechmeister@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: Harald G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Zechmeister
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dullinger
authors.forename: Gunda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koellensperger
authors.forename: Siegrun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ertl
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lettner
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reiter
mesh_terms: D044002:Bryophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D006116:Greenland; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy