title: Analysis of clinical outcomes according to original treatment groups 16 years after the pivotal IFNB-1b trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence for efficacy of disease-modifying drugs in multiple sclerosis (MS) comes from trials of short duration. We report results from a 16 y, retrospective follow-up of the pivotal interferon beta-1b (IFNB-1b) study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 372 trial patients were randomly assigned to placebo (n=123), IFNB-1b 50 microg (n=125) or IFNB-1b 250 microg (n=124) subcutaneously every other day for at least 2 y. Some remained randomised for up to 5 y but, subsequently, patients received treatment according to physicians' discretion. Patients were re-contacted and asked to participate. Efficacy related measures included MRI parameters, relapse rate, the Expanded Disability Status Scale, the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite Measure and conversion to secondary progressive MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 88.2% (328/372) of patients who were identified, 69.9% (260/372) had available case report forms. No differences in outcome between original randomisation groups could be discerned using standard disability and MRI measures. However, mortality rates among patients originally treated with IFNB-1b were lower than in the original placebo group (18.3% (20/109) for placebo versus 8.3% (9/108) for IFNB-1b 50 microg and 5.4% (6/111) for IFNB-1b 250 microg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The original treatment assignment could not be shown to influence standard assessments of long-term efficacy. On-study behaviour of patients was influenced by factors that could not be controlled with the sacrifice of randomisation and blinding. Mortality was higher in patients originally assigned to placebo than those who had received IFNB-1b 50 microg or 250 microg. The dataset provides important resources to explore early predictors of long-term outcome.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. george.ebers@clneuro.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Ebers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Traboulsee
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Langdon
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Reder
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Goodin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bogumil
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konieczny
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta