title: Reliability and validity of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale in prosthodontic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES)-an instrument assessing self-reported orofacial esthetics in prosthodontic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The OES has seven items addressing direct esthetic impacts in the orofacial region, as well as an eighth global assessment item. The response format was a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale (very dissatisfied to very satisfied with appearance, respectively). OES summary scores ranged from 0 (worst score) to 70 (best score). Test-retest reliability (n = 27) and internal consistency (n = 119) were assessed. Content validation (asking patients about their satisfaction with the questionnaire content, n = 119) and discriminative validation (comparing OES scores between patients and healthy controls, n = 119) were performed. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating patients' own OES scores (n = 29) with ratings from a consensus expert group (n = 4) and with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) esthetic-item summary score (n = 119).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Test-retest reliability was excellent for the OES scores (intraclass correlation coefficient = .96). Internal consistency was satisfactory for esthetically impaired patients (n = 27, Cronbach alpha = .86). Patients rated their satisfaction with the questionnaire content as 7.8 +/- 1.3 units on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale (0 = very dissatisfied, 10 = very satisfied). OES scores discriminated esthetically impaired patients (31.4 units) from healthy controls (45.9 units, P < .001). OES scores correlated well with other measures of the same construct (r = .43 for patients' own assessment with an assessment by experts using the OES, r = -.72 for a correlation with the OHIP's three esthetic-related items).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OES, developed especially for prosthodontic patients, exhibited good score reliability and validity.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Oral Rehabilitation, Linköping, Sweden. Pernilla.Larsson@lio.se
authors.forename: Pernilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Mike T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Krister
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nilner
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: List
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D032921:Consensus; D017266:Dental Prosthesis / Q000523:psychology; D004955:Esthetics, Dental / Q000145:classification* / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011476:Prosthodontics; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*