title: The Amplatzer vascular plug and Amplatzer vascular plug II for vascular occlusion procedures in 50 patients with congenital cardiovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the use of the Amplatzer vascular plug (plug 1) and Amplatzer vascular plug II (plug 2) in patients with congenital cardiovascular disease (CCVD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Plugs 1 and 2 have recently been made available. We report our experience describing plugs 1 and 2 in patients with CCVD highlighting the versatility of these devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with CCVD who underwent a vascular occlusion procedure at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between August 1, 2004 and July 30, 2009 with plug 1 or 2 were included. A retrospective review was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty patients underwent vascular occlusion procedure with plug 1 or 2 at a median age of 2.0 years (range 1 day to 47 years) and median weight of 12.3 kg (range 3.1-98 kg). Fifty-eight plugs (43% plug 1, 57% plug 2) were placed in 52 vessels. Of these vessels, 20 (38%) were patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 14 (27%) venous collaterals, 5 (10%) aorto-pulmonary collaterals, 4 (8%) modified Blalock Taussig shunts, 3 (5%) porto-systemic connections, and 6 (12%) miscellaneous structures. Excluding a patient who was lost to follow-up, complete occlusion was observed in 100% of vessels either at the time of the catheterization or at follow-up. There were two complications (3.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plugs 1 and 2 are safe and effective devices that can be used in a variety of blood vessels in patients with CCVD. Plug 2 is particularly useful in closure of high-flow, tubular structures, especially type C PDA's.
authors.affiliation: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA. schwartzm@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Glatz
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rome
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gillespie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000628:therapy; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D015143:Philadelphia; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult