title: The density of females of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) affects their reproductive performance on pupae of Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae).
abstract: Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a gregarious and polyphagous parasitoid mainly of Lepidoptera pupae. The objective of this paper as to study the developent of parasitoid on Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) pupae exposed to one, nine, 18, 27, 36, 45 or 54 female P. elaeisis, respectively. The females of the parasitoid remained in contact with pupae for 24 hours in glass tubes (14.0 x 2.2 cm), packed in a climatic chamber regulated at 25 +/- 2 degrees C, 70 +/- 10% relative humidity and photo phase of 12 hours. With the exception of density 1:1 (72.72%), in other densities parasitism was 100%. Adults of P. elaeisis did not emerge from pupae at densities of 1:1 and 9:1, but 100.0% of parasitoid emergence was observed at the density of 45:1 and 54.54% at 54:1. The duration of the life cycle of this parasitoid ranged from 20 to 28 days. P. elaeisis produced 49 to 589 descendants per pupa of B. mori. The sex ratio of P. elaeisis ranged from 0.93 +/- 0.01 to 0.97 +/- 0.01 without differences with 18, 27, 36, 45 and 54 females/host. This parasitoid should be reared with the density of 45 females per pupa of B. mori.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, MS, Brasil. fabriciofagundes@ufgd.edu.br <fabriciofagundes@ufgd.edu.br>
authors.forename: Fabricio F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zanuncio
authors.forename: José E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Serrão
authors.forename: Teresinha V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Zanuncio
authors.forename: Dirceu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pratissoli
authors.forename: Patrik L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Pastori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012831:Bombyx / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D011679:Pupa / Q000469:parasitology; D012098:Reproduction; D012744:Sex Ratio; D013997:Time Factors