title: Women's toileting behaviour related to urinary elimination: concept analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is a report of analysis of the concept of women's toileting behaviour related to urinary elimination.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Behaviours related to emptying urine from the bladder can contribute to bladder health problems. Evidence exists that clinical interventions focusing on specific behaviours that promote urine storage and controlled emptying are effective in reducing lower urinary tract symptoms. The concept of women's toileting behaviour related to urinary elimination has not been well-developed to guide nursing research and intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CINAHL, Medline, PsycInfo and ISI Citation databases were searched for publications between January, 1960 and May, 2009, using combinations of keywords related to women's toileting behaviour. Additional publications were identified by examining the reference lists in the papers identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Johnson's behavioural system model provided the conceptual framework to identify the concept. Walker and Avant's method was used for this concept analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women's toileting behaviour related to urinary elimination can be defined as voluntary actions related to the physiological event of emptying the bladder, which is comprised of specific attributes including voiding place, voiding time, voiding position and voiding style. This behaviour is also influenced by the physical and social environments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An explicit definition of women's toileting behaviour can offer a basis for nurses to understand the factors involved in women's toileting behaviour. It also facilitates the development of an instrument to assess women's toileting behaviour better, and to facilitate development of behavioural interventions designed to prevent, eliminate, reduce and manage female lower urinary tract symptoms.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. wangkf@sdu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Kefang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mary H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D009742:Nursing Theory; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D014038:Toilet Facilities / Q000592:standards; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000517:prevention & control; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult