title: Epimedium polysaccharide and propolis flavone can synergistically stimulate lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and enhance the immune responses to ND vaccine in chickens.
abstract: Four prescriptions, epimedium flavone plus propolis flavone (EF-PF), epimedium flavone plus propolis extracts (EF-PE), epimedium polysaccharide plus propolis flavone (EP-PF) and epimedium polysaccharide plus propolis extracts (EP-PE), were prepared and their immune-enhancing effects were compared. In test in vitro, the effects of them on chicken peripheral lymphocyte proliferation were determined by MTT method. The results showed that EP-PF group presented the highest stimulating index at most concentrations. In immune test, 300 14-day-old chickens were randomly divided into six groups and vaccinated with ND vaccine except for blank control (BC) group, re-challenged at 28 days of age. At the same time of the first vaccination, the chickens in four experimental groups were injected, respectively, with four prescriptions. The changes of the lymphocyte proliferation and antibody titer were determined. On day 28 after the first vaccination, the chickens except for BC group were challenged with NDV, the immune protective effect was observed. The results displayed that in EP-PF group, the antibody titers, lymphocyte proliferation and protective rate were the highest, the morbidity and mortality were the lowest. In dose test, 14-day-old chickens were randomly divided into five groups. The treatment and determinations were the same as the immune test except that the chickens in experimental groups were injected, respectively, with high, medium and low doses of EP-PF. The results revealed that in medium dose group, the antibody titers, lymphocyte proliferation and protective rate were the highest, the morbidity and mortality were the lowest. These results indicated that EP and PF possessed synergistically immune enhancement, EP-PF had the best efficacy, especially at medium dose, and would be expected to exploit into a new-type immunopotentiator.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Num. 1 Weigang East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Yunpeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Yuanliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Deyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhenhuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xiaona
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuanlei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: The Luong
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology; D034181:Epimedium / Q000737:chemistry*; D047309:Flavones / Q000276:immunology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000276:immunology*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000276:immunology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D011429:Propolis / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000906:Antibodies; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D047309:Flavones; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D011429:Propolis