title: Acute effects of whey protein isolate on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight, post-menopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of dietary whey proteins on lipids, glucose and insulin, and resting energy expenditure in overweight and obese post-menopausal women, a population highly susceptible to cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A three-way crossover design study was conducted where 20 overweight or obese, post-menopausal women were randomised to consume either 45 g whey protein isolate, 45 g sodium caseinate or 45 g of a glucose control in conjunction with a breakfast meal. Blood samples were taken for up to 6 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant change in postprandial incremental area under the curve (AUC) for total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, non-esterified fatty acids, Apo B48, insulin and leptin between groups. However, there was a significant decrease in the appearance of triglycerides (TG) in the blood by 21% and 27% after consuming the whey meal compared to control and casein meals, respectively, as measured by AUC. There was also a significant reduction by 27% and 32% in the AUC for TG:ApoB48 ratio in the whey group compared to the glucose and casein groups, respectively. There was a significantly lower AUC for blood glucose after the consumption of the whey and casein meal compared to glucose meal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that a single dose of whey protein can decrease arterial exposure to smaller TG-enriched lipoprotein particles compared to the glucose and casein meals in the postprandial period in overweight and obese, post-menopausal women.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, ATN Centre for Metabolic Fitness, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. pal@curtin.edu.au
authors.forename: Sebely
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Suleen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017698:Postmenopause; D019518:Postprandial Period; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014904:Western Australia; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002364:Caseins; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins