title: Two-photon single-cell optogenetic control of neuronal activity by sculpted light.
abstract: Recent advances in optogenetic techniques have generated new tools for controlling neuronal activity, with a wide range of neuroscience applications. The most commonly used approach has been the optical activation of the light-gated ion channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). However, targeted single-cell-level optogenetic activation with temporal precessions comparable to the spike timing remained challenging. Here we report fast (< or = 1 ms), selective, and targeted control of neuronal activity with single-cell resolution in hippocampal slices. Using temporally focused laser pulses (TEFO) for which the axial beam profile can be controlled independently of its lateral distribution, large numbers of channels on individual neurons can be excited simultaneously, leading to strong (up to 15 mV) and fast (< or = 1 ms) depolarizations. Furthermore, we demonstrated selective activation of cellular compartments, such as dendrites and large presynaptic terminals, at depths up to 150 microm. The demonstrated spatiotemporal resolution and the selectivity provided by TEFO allow manipulation of neuronal activity, with a large number of applications in studies of neuronal microcircuit function in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
authors.forename: Bertalan K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Andrasfalvy
authors.forename: Boris V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Zemelman
authors.forename: Jianyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Alipasha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaziri
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000528:radiation effects; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D000075402:Channelrhodopsins; D003712:Dendrites / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D017785:Photons; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000075402:Channelrhodopsins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins