title: Left atrial ablation at the anatomic areas of ganglionated plexi for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modification of left atrial ganglionated plexi (GP) is a promising technique for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) but its therapeutic efficacy is not established. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of anatomic GP modification by means of an implantable arrhythmia monitoring device.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 56 patients with paroxysmal AF, radiofrequency ablation at anatomic sites, where the main clusters of GP have been identified in the left atrium, was performed. In all patients, an electrocardiogram monitor (Reveal XT, Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) was implanted before (n = 7) or immediately after (n = 49) AF ablation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average duration of the procedure was 142 ± 18 min and average fluoroscopy time 20 ± 7 min. In total, 53-81 applications of RF energy were delivered (mean of 18.2 ± 3.8 at each of the four areas of GP ablation). Heart rate variability was assessed in 31 patients. Standard deviation of RR intervals over the entire analyzed period, the root mean square of differences between successive RR intervals, and high frequencies decreased, while HRmin, HRmean, and LF to HF ratio increased immediately postablation; these values returned to baseline 6 months after the procedure. At end of 12-month follow-up, 40 (71%) patients were free of arrhythmia recurrence. Ten patients had AF recurrence, two patients had left atrial flutter, and four patients had episodes of flutter as well as AF recurrence. Duration of episodes of AF after ablation gradually decreased over the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regional ablation at the anatomic sites of the left atrial GP can be safely performed and enables maintenance of sinus rhythm in 71% of patients with paroxysmal AF for a 12-month period.
authors.affiliation: Arrhythmia Department, State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia. e.pokushalov@gmail.com
authors.forename: Evgeny
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pokushalov
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romanov
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Artyomenko
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turov
authors.forename: Natalya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shirokova
authors.forename: Demosthenes G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Katritsis
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000209:etiology; D017776:Autonomic Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome