title: Insomnia in chronic renal patients on dialysis in Saudi Arabia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have shown that insomnia is a common sleep disorder among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of insomnia in Saudi patients with ESRD who are on maintenance dialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an observational cross-sectional study carried out over a period of five months in two hemodialysis centers in Saudi Arabia. To assess the prevalence of insomnia, we used the ICSD-2 definition. We also examined the association between insomnia and other sleep disorders, the underlying causes of renal failure, dialysis duration, dialysis shift, and other demographic data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 227 enrolled patients, insomnia was reported by 60.8%. The mean patient age was 55.7 +/- 17.2 years; 53.7% were male and 46.3% were female. Insomnia was significantly associated with female gender, afternoon hemodialysis, Restless Legs Syndrome, high risk for obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and excessive daytime sleepiness (P-values: 0.05, 0.01, < 0.0001, < 0.0001, and < 0.0001, respectively). No significant association was found between insomnia and other variables, including BMI, smoking habits, underlying etiology of renal failure, dialysis duration, association with hemoglobin, ferritin, and phosphorus or dialysis adequacy as measured by the Kt/V index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insomnia is common in dialysis patients and was significantly associated with other sleep disorders. Greater attention needs to be given to the care of dialysis patients with regard to the diagnosis and management of insomnia and associated sleep disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary/Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Riyadh- Saudi Arabia. Jahdali@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hamdan H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Al-Jahdali
authors.forename: Haithm A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Khogeer
authors.forename: Waleed A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Al-Qadhi
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baharoon
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamim
authors.forename: Fayez F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Al-Hejaili
authors.forename: Saeed M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Al-Ghamdi
authors.forename: Abdullah A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Sayyari