title: Increased brain fatty acid uptake in metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether brain fatty acid uptake is enhanced in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS) and whether weight reduction modifies it.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured brain fatty acid uptake in a group of 23 patients with MS and 7 age-matched healthy control subjects during fasting conditions using positron emission tomography (PET) with [(11)C]-palmitate and [(18)F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid ([(18)F]-FTHA). Sixteen MS subjects were restudied after 6 weeks of very low calorie diet intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, brain global fatty acid uptake derived from [(18)F]-FTHA was 50% higher in patients with MS compared with control subjects. The mean percentage increment was 130% in the white matter, 47% in the gray matter, and uniform across brain regions. In the MS group, the nonoxidized fraction measured using [(11)C]-palmitate was 86% higher. Brain fatty acid uptake measured with [(18)F]-FTHA-PET was associated with age, fasting serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index. Both total and nonoxidized fractions of fatty acid uptake were associated with BMI. Rapid weight reduction decreased brain fatty acid uptake by 17%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first study on humans to observe enhanced brain fatty acid uptake in patients with MS. Both fatty acid uptake and accumulation appear to be increased in MS patients and reversed by weight reduction.
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karmi
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iozzo
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viljanen
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirvonen
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Fielding
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Oikonen
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kemppainen
authors.forename: Tapio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Viljanen
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guiducci
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haaparanta-Solin
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Någren
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Solin
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nuutila
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012016:Reference Values; D013552:Swine; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; C071178:14-fluoro-6-thiaheptadecanoic acid