title: The switch from conventional to atypical antipsychotic treatment should not be based exclusively on the presence of cognitive deficits. A pilot study in individuals with schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atypical antipsychotics provide better control of the negative and affective symptoms of schizophrenia when compared with conventional neuroleptics; nevertheless, their heightened ability to improve cognitive dysfunction remains a matter of debate. This study aimed to examine the changes in cognition associated with long-term antipsychotic treatment and to evaluate the effect of the type of antipsychotic (conventional versus novel antipsychotic drugs) on cognitive performance over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this naturalistic study, we used a comprehensive neuropsychological battery of tests to assess a sample of schizophrenia patients taking either conventional (n = 13) or novel antipsychotics (n = 26) at baseline and at two years after.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Continuous antipsychotic treatment regardless of class was associated with improvement on verbal fluency, executive functions, and visual and verbal memory. Patients taking atypical antipsychotics did not show greater cognitive enhancement over two years than patients taking conventional antipsychotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although long-term antipsychotic treatment slightly improved cognitive function, the switch from conventional to atypical antipsychotic treatment should not be based exclusively on the presence of these cognitive deficits.
authors.affiliation: Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco-Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Selva-Vera
authors.forename: Vicent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Balanzá-Martínez
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salazar-Fraile
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Moreno
authors.forename: Anabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez-Aran
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vieta
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tabarés-Seisdedos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents