title: A typology of youth participation and empowerment for child and adolescent health promotion.
abstract: Research suggests that increasing egalitarian relations between young people and adults is optimal for healthy development; however, the empirical assessment of shared control in youth-adult partnerships is emerging, and the field still requires careful observation, identification, categorization and labeling. Thus, our objective is to offer a conceptual typology that identifies degrees of youth-adult participation while considering the development potential within each type. We use an empowerment framework, rooted in evidence-based findings, to identify five types of youth participation: (1) Vessel, (2) Symbolic, (3) Pluralistic, (4) Independent and (5) Autonomous. The typology is constructed as a heuristic device to provide researchers, practitioners and policy-makers with a common language for articulating degrees of youth participation for optimal child and adolescent health promotion.
authors.affiliation: Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Naima T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Edith A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research / Q000379:methods*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011209:Power, Psychological; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent / Q000379:methods; D002666:Psychology, Child / Q000379:methods