Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the multifaceted IL-10-mediated anti-inflammatory response: lessons from neutrophils.
Analysis of the molecular mechanisms governing the ability of IL-10 to keep inflammation under control has highlighted the existence of a great degree of plasticity and specificity with regard to innate immune cells. In this respect, neutrophils represent a perfect example of innate immune cells conditioned by external signals (for instance, by LPS), as well as by intracellular regulatory pathways, that render them optimally responsive to IL-10 only when required. The focus of this review are the recent experimental findings that have uncovered the sophisticated and complex molecular mechanisms responsible for the modulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production by IL-10 in neutrophils and other innate immune cells. Understanding how IL-10 exerts its anti-inflammatory response, particularly in the case of neutrophils, will provide novel clues leading, hopefully, to the therapeutic control of neutrophil-driven inflammatory reactions, such as septic infections, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Bazzoni
Flavia
F
Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Division of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. flavia.bazzoni@univr.it
Tamassia
Nicola
N
Rossato
Marzia
M
Cassatella
Marco A
MA
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007249:Inflammation; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000276:immunology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000276:immunology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016753:Interleukin-10