title: Ultrasonographic morphometric measurements of digital flexor tendons and ligaments of the palmar metacarpal region in Haflinger horses.
abstract: The aim of the study was to determine morphometric values of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendon, the inferior check ligament and the suspensory ligament in the palmar metacarpal region of sound Haflinger horses using ultrasonography and to assess the influence of different factors on them. The findings were compared with the literature. A total of 30 sound Haflinger mares aged 4-20 years were used. Transverse ultrasound images were obtained with an 8-10 linear MHz transducer and the cross-sectional area, the circumference and the dorsopalmar and lateromedial width were determined for each structure at six regions of interest (ROI) in both forelimbs. The coefficient of variation was <3%. The structures were compared between each other and the values of each structure at the ROIs. Age, height at the withers, body mass index, diameter of the Os metacarpale III and the circumference of the mid-metacarpal region showed significant influences on some of the parameters. Reference values for the tendons and ligaments in the palmar metacarpal region in sound Haflinger mares were obtained and the influence of different factors was tested. Description of the dimensional relationship between the structures and comparison of the data with the literature provide knowledge required for adequate veterinary care.
authors.affiliation: Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boehart
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arndt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carstanjen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008022:Ligaments / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D050279:Metacarpal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008663:Metacarpus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013710:Tendons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography