Reconstruction of the midface and maxilla.
OBJECTIVE
To review all pertinent topics related to midface and maxillary reconstruction including current classification schemes and reconstructive techniques.


RESULTS
The maxilla represents the functional and aesthetic cornerstone of the midface region. Defects in this area represent a unique challenge to the reconstructive surgeon as the complex anatomy of this area can be challenging to repair and reconstruct. The current indications as well as advantages and disadvantages of different reconstructive approaches are reviewed here in order to provide reconstructive surgeons with optimal information for surgical and clinical decision making in this challenging patient population. Recent developments in midface reconstruction options including near total facial transplant as well as tissue engineering techniques are also reviewed.


CONCLUSIONS
Multiple reconstructive pathways can be followed in restoring maxillary and midface defects. The surgeon and rest of the reconstructive team must make individualized decisions based on the nature of the defect as well as the specific needs and concerns of the patient when selecting the optimal reconstructive approach for each patient.
O'Connell
Daniel A
DA
Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, USA.
Futran
Neal D
ND
D016025:Bone Transplantation; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous