title: Spontaneous right ventricular thrombus in a patient with active ulcerative colitis and protein C deficiency: a review with a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic condition of gastrointestinal tract whose pathogenesis results from the complex interaction of genetic susceptibility and environmental influences. Is well known how IBD patients have an increased risk of thrombosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the frequency and characteristics of thromboembolic events (TEE) in IBD and the role of certain etiopathological factors in such thrombotic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the case of a young woman affected by protein C deficiency, who during a clinical recurrence of ulcerative colitis (UC), developed a spontaneous right ventricular thrombus and pulmonary embolism. Then, we made a review of literature that documented thromboembolic events in IBD patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A search using the PubMed database identified 65 case reports documenting thromboembolic events in patients with known UC and 7 documenting thromboembolic events in known Crohn's disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data of the literature confirm that IBD patients have an approximately three fold greater risk for developing a TEE compared with the general population. The risk for thrombosis correlates well with disease activity in Crohn's disease, and to lesser extent in ulcerative colitis.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, BelColle Hospital, Viterbo, Italy. riurgesi@tin.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urgesi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zampaletta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pelecca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pastorelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Lorenzo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Faggiani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D020151:Protein C Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology; D012008:Recurrence; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*