title: Laparoscopic anatomy of caprine abdomen and laparoscopic liver biopsy.
abstract: This study was carried out on apparently healthy adult non pregnant female Baladi goats to provide normal laparoscopic anatomy of the abdomen and to assess feasibility of laparoscopy for liver biopsy. Following preparation of animals, equipment and instruments, the primary port and laparoscope was placed on the umbilicus and 360° scan was performed for orientation and exploration of the abdominal cavity. Secondary ports were placed under direct laparoscopic observation to allow insertion of accessory instruments for tissue grasping, coagulation and severing. The obtained results cleared that ventral laparoscopic approach and tilting and rotating the animal during laparoscopic procedures provided better exposure of internal abdomen. Laparoscopy provided a comprehensive description of cranial and caudal abdominal regions. Laparoscopic liver biopsy required two secondary ports; one assisting port inserted in right subcostal area and one operating port inserted subxiphoid. The procedure was safe, practical and easily performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Rashed, Behera, Egypt.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kassem
authors.forename: S A A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: el-Gendy
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Abdel-Wahed
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: el-Kammar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000662:veterinary*; D008099:Liver