title: Polyendocrinopathy in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a multicenter analysis of 28,671 patients from the German/Austrian DPV-Wiss database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate diabetes-specific autoantibodies and additional autoimmune phenomena in a large cohort of young patients with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 28,671 patients <30 years with type 1 diabetes from 242 specialized centers in Germany and Austria were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At least one beta-cell antibody was present in 81.6% of patients. beta-cell-Ab-negative patients were significantly younger at diabetes onset (P < 0.0001). A total of 19.6% had positive thyroid antibodies with female predominance (62%, P < 0.0001). Antibodies to tissue transglutaminase were present in 10.7%, with a significantly longer duration of diabetes (P < 0.0001). Parietal cell antibodies were found in 283 patients, associated with older age (P < 0.001), and adrenal antibodies were present in 94 patients. In 575 patients, at least three different autoimmune phenomena were present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thyroid autoimmunity and antibodies suggestive for celiac disease are the most prevalent additional immune phenomena in type 1 diabetes. Parietal/adrenal antibodies are rare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. katharina.warncke@lrz.tu-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Warncke
authors.forename: Elke E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Fröhlich-Reiterer
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thon
authors.forename: Sabine E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: Dagobert
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wiemann
authors.forename: Reinhard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Holl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001317:Austria; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D016884:Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult