title: Prevalence, outcome, and women's experiences of external cephalic version in a low-risk population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Until recently, external cephalic version to prevent breech presentation at birth was not widely accepted. The objective of our study was to assess the prevalence, outcomes, and women's experiences of external cephalic version to improve the implementation of the procedure in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study was conducted of 167 women under the care of a midwife with confirmed breech presentation at a gestational age of 33 completed weeks or more.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between June 2007 and January 2008, 167 women with a confirmed breech presentation were offered an external cephalic version. Of this group, 123 women (73.7%, 95% CI: 65.5-80.5) subsequently received the version. These women had about a ninefold increased probability of a cephalic presentation at birth compared with women who did not undergo a version (relative risk [RR]: 8.8, 95% CI: 2.2-34.8). The chance of a vaginal birth after an external cephalic version was almost threefold (RR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5-5.0). The success rate was 39 percent, although considerable differences existed associated with region and parity. Ninety-four percent of women with a successful version rated it as a good experience compared with 71 percent of women who had a failed version (p = 0.015). Significant pain during the version was experienced by 34 percent of women, of whom 18 percent also experienced fear during the version, compared with no women who reported little or no pain (p = 0.006). Women who reported significant pain or fear during the version experienced the version more negatively (OR: 6.0, 95% CI: 3.3-12.2 and OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.1-6.0, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One in every four women with a breech presentation in independent midwifery care did not receive an external cephalic version. Of the women who received a version one third experienced significant pain during the procedure. Considerable regional variation in success rate existed.
authors.affiliation: TNO Quality of Life, PO Box 2215, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marlies
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rijnders
authors.forename: Pien
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Offerhaus
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Dommelen
authors.forename: Therese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wiegers
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buitendijk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001946:Breech Presentation / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D014710:Version, Fetal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*