title: Alcohol use and sex risk behaviors among HIV-infected female sex workers (FSWs) and HIV-infected male clients of FSWs in India.
abstract: Unprotected heterosexual transactional sex plays a central role in the spread of HIV in India. Given alcohol's association with risky sex in other populations and alcohol's role in HIV disease progression, we investigated patterns of alcohol use in HIV-infected female sex workers (FSWs) and HIV-infected male clients of FSWs in Mumbai. Analyses identified factors associated with heavy alcohol use and evaluated the relationship between alcohol use and risky sex. We surveyed 211 female and 205 male individuals; 80/211 FSWs (38%) and 127/205 male clients (62%) drank alcohol in the last 30 days. Among females, 32 and 11% drank heavily and were alcohol-dependent, respectively; among males the respective proportions were 44 and 29%. Men's heavy alcohol use was significantly associated with inconsistent condom use over the last year (AOR 2.40, 95% CI 1.21-4.77, P = 0.01); a comparable association was not seen in women. These findings suggest a need to address alcohol use both to avoid the medical complications of its heavy use in this population and to mitigate inconsistent condom use, the latter issue possibly requiring gender specific approaches. Such efforts to reduce drinking will be an important dimension to secondary HIV prevention in India.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Clinical Addiction Research and Education Unit, Boston University School of Medicine/Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA. jsamet@bu.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Samet
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: Debbie M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Carly
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bridden
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pardesi
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saggurti
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raj
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D012309:Risk-Taking; D011477:Sex Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D047568:Unsafe Sex