title: Diabetes prevalence, diabetes regimen and co-morbidity in depressed patients compared with non-depressed patients in primary care in the Netherlands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of diabetes in depressed patients compared with non-depressed matched controls and to compare diabetes regimen and co-morbidity in depressed patients with diabetes vs. non-depressed patients with diabetes in primary care in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case-control study over 3 years (2002-2004). Data for depressed patients (n = 7128) and non-depressed matched controls (n = 23,772) were available from an electronic medical record system of 20 general practices organized in one large primary care organization in the Netherlands. Matching was based on year and month of birth, sex and general practitioner. Diabetes, diabetes regimen (i.e. oral glucose medication, insulin or both) and co-morbidity were defined using Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification codes of delivered medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of diabetes was 5.5% (n = 393) among depressed patients, which was 2.6 times higher than in non-depressed matched controls where the figure was 2.1% (n = 494; P < 0.001). Diabetes regimen, i.e. the proportions of subjects on oral glucose medication, insulin or both did not differ among depressed patients with diabetes (51, 27 and 22%, respectively) compared with non-depressed patients with diabetes (51, 30, 19%; P = 0.53). Co-morbidity was significantly more prevalent among depressed patient with diabetes than in non-depressed patients with diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with non-depressed matched controls, adults with treated depression have almost three times higher rates of diabetes. Depressed patients with diabetes had more co-morbidities compared with non-depressed patients with diabetes, whereas diabetes regimen did not differ.
authors.affiliation: Section of Prevention and Public Health, Department of Health Sciences and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. marcel.adriaanse@falw.vu.nl
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Adriaanse
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bosmans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents