title: Effectiveness of neoadjuvant radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: a single-center experience in 263 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of local recurrence (LR) and distant recurrence (DR) with 5-year survival analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with T3-T4 rectal cancer located within 10 cm from the anal verge. Radiotherapy protocol: 36 Gy, delivered in 12 daily doses of 3 Gy each for 5 days/week, followed by surgery after a 2-week break.
  
  
  RESULTS
  263 patients were recruited. Radiotherapy was well tolerated. None of the patients broke off treatment. Complete histological response was 3% and maximum radio-induced downstaging 31.4%. Overall complication rate was 25.8% and direct radio-induced complications 0.4%. Mean duration of treatment was 35.7 days. In 172 patients with a minimum follow-up of 5 years, the rate of LR was 6.0% and DR 24.4%. Five-year overall survival was 70.2%, overall specific survival 78.0%, disease-free survival 70.7%, LR-free specific survival 92.9%, and DR-free specific survival 73.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience, local disease control was achieved in 94% of patients. Any changes in our treatment protocols will aim at improving results in terms of LR and DR. In view of the four-fold higher rate of DR as compared to LR, improvement of DR can be defined as the challenge for the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, IRCCS - Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bisceglia
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mastrodonato
authors.forename: Beniamino
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rucci
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corsa
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.forename: Berardino
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tardio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: di Sebastiano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000628:therapy; D015996:Survival Rate