title: Ammonia emissions from livestock industries in Canada: feasibility of abatement strategies.
abstract: An updated national ammonia (NH(3)) emissions inventory was employed to study the relationship between NH(3) emissions and livestock industries in Canada. Emissions from animal agriculture accounted for 322kilotonnes (kt) or 64% of Canadian NH(3) emissions in 2002. Cattle and swine accounted for the bulk of livestock emissions. The provinces of Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, and Saskatchewan accounted for 28.1%, 22.0%, 18.7%, and 13.1% of total livestock emissions, respectively. Emissions from Ontario and Quebec were attributed to the intensive production of dairy, hogs and poultry. Dairy cattle emissions per hectolitre of milk were higher in Ontario and Québec than in other provinces, while swine emissions per livestock unit were higher than either beef or dairy cattle. A review of the abatement literature indicated diet manipulation to improve N efficiency and land spreading methods are very effective techniques to lower NH(3) emissions. Future research is required to evaluate the feasibility of biofilters and feces/urine separation methods.
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada VOH1Z0. simon.dinehart@okstate.edu
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carew
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D002170:Canada; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000641:Ammonia