title: Exploring temperament and character traits in nurses and nursing students in a large regional area of Australia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe individual temperament and character trait profiles associated with nurses and nursing students in a large regional health district and university in Australia.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Identification of personality characteristics have been undertaken in most professions; however there is little extant literature on nurses which looks at specific aspects of temperament and character.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional quantitative study of nurses and nursing students in a large regional health service district and university in South East Queensland, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  An online survey to nurses and nursing students included a demographic questionnaire and the temperament and character inventory (TCI) to identify levels of the seven basic dimensions of temperament and character. Univariate analysis made multiple and covariate comparisons between TCI scores, nurses, students, working status and age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The target number of responses was exceeded and totalled 451. Results are reported for females who comprised 90% of respondents; 53.5% students and 46.5% nurses. Significant main effects for age and student status were detected in several temperament and character inventory dimensions. Working students had significantly different temperament and character profiles compared to non-working students.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, this sample displays levels of temperament and character traits congruent with a profession requiring high levels of persistence, self-directedness, cooperativeness and reward dependence. Our findings prompt further investigation of whether individuals with the requisite temperament traits are attracted to nursing, or do individuals develop certain character traits as a product of their professional experiences/training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identification of distinct profiles of temperament and character traits among different nursing roles may provide insight into what traits are conducive to retention of nurses in these roles. The predictive potential of the temperament traits plus the modifiable component of character traits may provide scope for nursing educators and policy-makers to assist in recruitment and retention of nurses in the workforce.
authors.affiliation: Rural Clinical School Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia. d.eley@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Diann
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eley
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eley
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Cath
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rogers-Clark
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002605:Character; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011793:Queensland; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament