title: Preventing negative effects of smoking on microarterial anastomosis.
abstract: Although microsurgery has rapid expanded, problems related to microarterial anastomosis continue. Cigarette smoking is one of the major risks for anastomosis by increasing platelet adhesion, and its effects on endothelial cells. Aim of this article is to study the negative effects of cigarettes on microarterial anastomosis line, and to investigate the protective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO).Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 3 groups: group 1 was the control. Rats in groups 2 and 3 were exposed to cigarette smoke starting 21 days prior to surgery for 3 times a day. In group 3, additional 150 IU/kg rHuEPO was given via subcutaneously every 48 hours after microvascular anastomosis, femoral arterial samples, and blood samples were taken for assessment at 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day. Intimae/media ratios were calculated for morphologic analyses.On morphologic analysis of femoral arteries there were statistically significant differences for all 3 groups at 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days (P < 0, 05). The group that made differences was group 2, according to one-way analysis of variance within 3 groups in all days.Smoking decreases endothelial cells healing and causes more thromboses. rHuEPO can prevent these negative effects of smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zekeriya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tosun
authors.forename: Furkan Erol
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Karabekmez
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duymaz
authors.forename: Adem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozkan
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keskin
authors.forename: Mustafa Cihat
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Avunduk
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin