Gender differences in caregiver emotion socialization of low-income toddlers.
Low-income children are at elevated risk for emotion-related problems; however, little research has examined gender and emotion socialization in low-income families. The authors describe the ways in which emotion socialization may differ for low-income versus middle-income families. They also present empirical data on low-income caregivers' responses to their toddlers' emotion displays, with findings indicating more supportive and fewer punitive responses to boys' anger than to girls', but few gender differences for sadness/anxiety. Finally, they present two models (the emotion competence model and differential emotions model) for understanding relations between emotion socialization and the development of psychopathology, particularly in low-income children.
Chaplin
Tara M
TM
Yale University School of Medicine, CT, USA.
Casey
James
J
Sinha
Rajita
R
Mayes
Linda C
LC
D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D004644:Emotions; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011203:Poverty; D012951:Socialization