title: Characteristics of gastro-esophageal reflux episodes in Barrett's esophagus, erosive esophagitis and healthy volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastro-esophageal reflux is considered a major culprit in the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus (BE). Still, there is controversy on the role of weakly acidic and weakly alkaline reflux in BE. To compare characteristics of reflux episodes patients with BE, erosive esophagitis (EE), and healthy volunteers (HV).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred consecutive patients with BE (75 short-segment BE, 25 long-segment BE), 50 with EE and 48 HV underwent multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH off-therapy. We quantified esophageal acid exposure, characteristics, and proximal extension of reflux episodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total and acid reflux episodes gradually increased from HV [28 (17.5-43) and 18 (8-31)] to EE [73.5 (54-96) and 52 (39-68)], short-segment BE (SSBE) [83 (73.2-131) and 65 (43.3-95)] and long-segment BE (LSBE) [105 (102-187) and 77 (75-107)]. Weakly acidic reflux episodes were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in LSBE [36 (27.5-50.5)] and SSBE [34 (18.5-41)] compared to EE [21.5 (15-37)] and HV [19 (14-25)]. No differences in terms of proportion of acid, weakly acidic and weakly alkaline reflux were found [HV (49%-49%-2%) vs EE (68%-32%-1%) vs SSBE (65%-34%-1%) vs LSBE (69%-30%-1%); P = ns]. In LSBE, a higher percentage of reflux episodes (P < 0.05) reached the proximal esophagus (59%) compared with SSBE (43%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Barrett esophagus patients have more severe reflux as shown by the number of acid and weakly acidic reflux episodes, re-reflux episodes and proximal migration. Given that PPI change only the pH of the refluxate, the role of weakly acidic reflux in Barrett's patients on acid suppressive therapy warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. edoardo.savarino@unige.it
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Savarino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zentilin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frazzoni
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Cuoco
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dulbecco
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marabotto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sammito
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gemignani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tutuian
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Savarino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D049630:Esophageal Sphincter, Lower / Q000503:physiopathology; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult