title: Detection of oesophageal cancer biomarkers by plasma proteomic profiling of human cell line xenografts in response to chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma is increasing worldwide but survival remains poor. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may improve survival, but targeting treatment to patients who respond to chemotherapy could be improved by the availability of markers of response. This study sought proteomic markers of therapeutic response using an adenocarcinoma xenograft model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epirubicin, cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil was administered to severe combined immune-deficient mice bearing OE19 oesophageal adenocarcinoma xenografts. Murine plasma samples from treated and untreated xenografts were analysed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, and panels of peaks were found using class prediction models that distinguished treatment groups. Proteins in these peaks were identified by mass spectroscopy in tryptic digests of purified fractions. Five paired samples from oesophageal cancer patients before and after chemotherapy were analysed using the same methodology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma protein peaks were identified that differed significantly (P<0.05, ANOVA) between the treated xenograft and control groups. Marker panels predicted treated vs untreated xenografts with sensitivities of 100%, specificities of 86-100% and test efficiencies of 89-100%. Three of the proteins identified in these panels, apolipoprotein A-I, serum amyloid A and transthyretin were confirmed in the clinical samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma protein markers can be detected in response to chemotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma xenografts and in clinical samples, and have the potential to monitor response and guide chemotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK. p.m.kelly@dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Appleyard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paulin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lamont
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suttie
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Exon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015251:Epirubicin; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil