title: Investigation of the relationship between venticular fibrillation duration and cardiac/neurological damage in a rabbit model of electrically induced arrhythmia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To establish a simple, economic, and reliable alternating current (AC)-induced cardiac arrest (ACCA) model in rabbits for cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 27 New Zealand rabbits by external transthoracic AC, which were randomly divided into three groups according to the duration of untreated ACCA (ACCA-3 minutes, ACCA-5 minutes, and ACCA-8 minutes). After ACCA, all animals received cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 2 minutes and subsequent defibrillation until return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The troponin I levels were measured at 4 hours after ROSC. Animals died spontaneously or were killed at 72 hours after ROSC. The hippocampus were removed and fixed in 3% formalin. TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling and Nissl stainings were performed in 10-μm thickness coronal sections. Furthermore, two rabbits (without induction of ventricular fibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and defibrillation) served as normal control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean survival times after ROSC were 48.57 hours ± 24.70 hours, 18.0 hours ± 15.13 hours, and 3.88 hours ± 2.39 hours for groups ACCA-3 minutes, ACCA-5 minutes, and ACCA-8 minutes, respectively. Survival was significantly different between ACCA-3 minutes and other two groups (p = 0.002 and p = 0.01). Neuronal necrosis and apoptosis were found in the hippocampus CA1, CA2, and CA3 areas of group ACCA-3 minutes. In contrast, neuronal necrosis and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling positive cells were fewer in control animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rabbits in group ACCA-3 minutes had significant neuronal damage with apoptosis in hippocampus CA1, CA2, and CA3 areas at 72 hours after ROSC and survived longer than those in other groups. The model we describe may be a simple, economic, and reliable model for experimental investigation on cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. hu-chunlin@163.com
authors.forename: Chun-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Hong-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Zi-You
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiao-Xing
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Yu-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Yan-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gui-Fu
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004554:Electric Countershock; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D019210:Troponin I