title: [Application of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in repair of defect caused by resection of tonsillar cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss and value the effects and the advantages of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in repair of defect caused by resection of tonsillar cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were retrospectively summarized from 10 patients with recurrent tonsillar cancer after radical radiotherapy from January 1998 to December 2005, including 7 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 2 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma, and 1 case of adenoid cystic carcinoma. There were 8 males and 2 females, aged 43-68 years with an average of 58 years. All cases were classified as stages III and IV before radiotherapy according to staging standard of oropharyngeal cancer (International Union Against Cancer, 1997). The time of relapse was 6-32 months after radiotherapy. Recurrent tonsil cancer invaded tongue base, soft palate, posterior wall of pharyngeal, parapharyngeal space, and palate. Tumor size was from 4 cm x 2 cm to 8 cm x 5 cm. Seven cases were accompanied by lymph node metastasis. After carcinoma were completely resected and defects were reconstructed by pectoralis major myocutaneous flap of 7 cm x 5 cm-12 cm x 9 cm. The donor sites were sutured directly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After operation, pectoralis major myocutaneous flap completely survived in 9 cases. Partial necrosis of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was found in 1 case; after treatment, the necrotic flap remained small pharyngeal defect. Incision at donor site healed by first intention in 10 cases. All patients showed satisfactory functions of respiratory, voice, and swallowing with no complication. Ten patients were followed up 2 years to 5 years and 8 months. The 3-year survival rate was 66.7% (6/9), and the 5-year survival rate was 20.0% (1/5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pectoralis major muscle flap has a high survival rate, which is safe, reliable, easy-to-operate, and can repair larger defect. Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap is an ideal material in repair of defect caused by resection of recurrent tonsillar carcinoma after radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui 233000, PR China. mashiyinent@sina.com
authors.forename: Shiyin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yuefeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Wenzhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mingjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lanzu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000637:transplantation*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014067:Tonsillar Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*