title: Enhanced reclosure of surgically induced spinal open neural tube defects in chick embryos by injecting human bone marrow stem cells into the amniotic cavity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the reclosure-promoting capacity of a neural stem cell line (F3) and a human bone marrow stem cell line (B10) injected into the amniotic cavity of spinal open neural tube defects (ONTDs) of chick embryos of Hamburger and Hamilton stage 18 or 19.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen chick embryos that survived the procedure were obtained for each of 4 groups: untreated control, F3-, B10-, and HFF-1 (human foreskin fibroblast)-treated groups. Embryos in the control group underwent ONTD surgery but no cell injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the untreated control and HFF-1 groups, the B10 group showed enhanced reclosure at 3, 5, and 7 days after injection, whereas the F3 group did not. B10 cells were not incorporated into reclosed neural tubes but simply covered ONTDs during the process of reclosure. F3 cells did not cover ONTDs. The cell survival of F3 cells exposed to the chick amniotic fluid in vitro for 48 hours was significantly lower than that of B10 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirmed that B10 cells enhance reclosure of ONTDs by covering and protecting neural tissues, not by direct cell incorporation. The lack of reclosure capacity in the F3 group may be related to the poor survival of F3 cells in the amniotic fluid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Do-Hun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Phi
authors.forename: Seung-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Kyu
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seung U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyu-Chang
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*