title: Association of interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms with breast cancer in a Chinese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-10(IL-10) is a multifunctional cytokine with both immunosuppressive and antiangiogenic functions. Polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene promoter genetically determine interindividual differences in IL-10 production. This study was performed to determined whether polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene promoter were associated with breast cancer in a Chinese Han population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped 315 patients with breast cancer and 322 healthy control subjects for -1082A/G, -819T/C and -592A/C single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene by polymerase chain reactionerestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in genotype, allele, or haplotype frequencies in all three loci between patients and healthy controls. Analysis of breast cancer prognostic and predictive factors revealed that the -1082AA genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of lymph node (LN) involvement (P = 0.041) and larger tumor size (P = 0.039) at the time of diagnosis. Furthermore, in the haplotype analysis of IL-10 gene, we found that patients carrying ATA haplotype were in higher LN involvement (p = 0.022) and higher tumor stage(p = 0.028) of breast cancer at the time of diagnosis compared with others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that IL-10 promoter polymorphisms participate in the progression of breast cancer rather than in its initial development in Chinese Han women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: Fanjun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yongheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hualing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wenchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016753:Interleukin-10; D004247:DNA