title: Measuring Person-centered Care: A Critical Comparative Review of Published Tools.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to present a critical comparative review of published tools measuring the person-centeredness of care for older people and people with dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  included tools were identified by searches of PubMed, Cinahl, the Bradford Dementia Group database, and authors' files. The terms "Person-centered," "Patient-centered" and "individualized" (US and UK spelling), were paired with "Alzheimer's disease," "older people," and "dementia" in various combinations. The tools were compared in terms of conceptual influences, perspectives studied and intended use, applicability, psychometric properties, and credibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  twelve tools eligible for review were identified. Eight tools were developed for evaluating long-term aged care, three for hospital-based care, and one for home care. One tool, Dementia Care Mapping, was dementia specific. A common limitation of the tools reviewed is that they are yet to be used and validated beyond the development period; thus, their validity, reliability, and applicability needs further exploration. Also, the perspective of people with dementia remains absent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the review demonstrates the availability of a multitude of tools for measurement of person-centered care in different settings and from different perspectives, even if further testing of the tools is needed. The conceptual underpinnings of the tools are rarely explicit, which makes it difficult to ascertain the conceptual comparability of the tools.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Umea, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden. david.edvardsson@nurs.umu.se
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edvardsson
authors.forename: Anthea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Innes
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D003704:Dementia / Q000628:therapy*; D006699:Home Care Services; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D005791:Patient Care / Q000592:standards*; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000592:standards*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*