title: Copper containing intra-uterine devices versus depot progestogens for contraception.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Highly effective contraception is essential to reduce unintended pregnancies and the effect these have on individuals, society and public health resources. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) and depot progestogens are two commonly used long-acting, reversible contraceptive methods with different risk and benefit profiles.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the contraceptive and non-contraceptive benefits and risks of using the copper-containing IUD versus depot progestogens for contraception.
  
  
  METHODS
  In June 2009 we searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Pubmed, Popline, Clinical Trials.gov, the Current Controlled Trials metaRegister, EMBASE and LILACS, and contacted study authors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized trials comparing women using copper-containing IUDs with women using depot progestogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed eligibility and trial quality, extracted and double-entered data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two studies were included in the review. In the one study in HIV infected women, the IUD was compared with depot progestogen or the oral contraceptive, according to the women's choice. As the majority of women chose depot progestogen, we have included this study in the review, within a mixed hormonal contraception sub-group.Overall, the copper IUD was more effective than depot progestogens/hormonal contraception at preventing pregnancy (risk ratio (RR) 0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24 to 0.84). HIV disease progression was reduced in the IUD group (RR 0.58; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.87). There was no significant difference in pelvic inflammatory disease rates between the two groups. Discontinuation of the allocated method was less frequent with the IUD in one study, and less frequent with hormonal contraception in the other study (in which women were allowed to switch between various hormonal methods).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the populations studied, the IUD was more effective than hormonal contraception with respect to pregnancy prevention. High quality research is urgently needed to compare the effects, if any, of these two commonly used contraception methods on HIV acquisition/seroconversion and HIV/AIDS disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East London Hospital Complex, University of the Witwatersrand, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape Department of Health, Frere and Cecilia Makiwane Hospitals, Private Bag X 9047, East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa, 5200.
authors.forename: G Justus
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hofmeyr
authors.forename: Mandisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singata
authors.forename: Theresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lawrie
mesh_terms: D003267:Contraception / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper / Q000009:adverse effects; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011372:Progestins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D011372:Progestins; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate