title: HIV viral set point and host immune control in individuals with HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses prior to HIV acquisition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vaccine-induced CD8(+) T-cell responses in primates have been associated with a reduced simian immunodeficiency virus plasma viral load and enhanced T-cell responses, but cellular vaccines have shown limited success in human trials. We previously described HIV-specific T-cell responses in two groups of highly exposed, persistently seronegative Kenyan female sex workers, and a subset of these participants have subsequently acquired HIV. We examined the impact of pre-existing CD8(+) T-cell responses on post-acquisition outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses had been examined in highly exposed, persistently seronegative participants from the Pumwani and Kibera cohorts, using a combination of virus-specific lysis, proliferation, interferon-gamma production, or all. Plasma viral load set point and HIV-specific T-cell proliferation and cytokine production were now examined post hoc by blinded investigators in the subset of participants who acquired HIV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-acquisition cellular immune assays and post-infection viral load were available for 46 participants, and HIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses had been detected in 25 of 46 (54%) participants. Pre-acquisition CD8(+) T-cell responses were associated with a lower post-acquisition HIV viral load set point in both cohorts (pooled analysis, 3.1 vs. 4.1 log(10) RNA copies/ml; P=0.0002) and with enhanced post-acquisition HIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell proliferation (3.8 vs. 1.0%, P=0.03), but with a trend to reduced post-acquisition CD8(+) T-cell interferon-gamma responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses prior to HIV acquisition were associated with a lower HIV viral load and an altered functional profile of post-acquisition CD8(+) T-cell responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. rupert.kaul@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Rupert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Kelly S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Nico J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Nagelkerke
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kimani
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fowke
authors.forename: T Blake
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Ma
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kariri
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jaoko
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rowland-Jones
authors.forename: Francis A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Plummer
mesh_terms: D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D018023:HIV Seronegativity / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D011477:Sex Work; D019562:Viral Load