title: Profiling the proteome of the venom from the social wasp Polybia paulista: a clue to understand the envenoming mechanism.
abstract: The study reported here is a classical bottom-up proteomic approach where proteins from wasp venom were extracted and separated by 2-DE; the individual protein spots were proteolytically digested and subsequently identified by using tandem mass spectrometry and database query with the protein search engine MASCOT. Eighty-four venom proteins belonging to 12 different molecular functions were identified. These proteins were classified into three groups; the first is constituted of typical venom proteins: antigens-5, hyaluronidases, phospholipases, heat shock proteins, metalloproteinases, metalloproteinase-desintegrin like proteins, serine proteinases, proteinase inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor-related protein, arginine kinases, Sol i-II and -II like proteins, alpha-glucosidase, and superoxide dismutases. The second contained proteins structurally related to the muscles that involves the venom reservoir. The third group, associated with the housekeeping of cells from venom glands, was composed of enzymes, membrane proteins of different types, and transcriptional factors. The composition of P. paulista venom permits us to hypothesize about a general envenoming mechanism based on five actions: (i) diffusion of venom through the tissues and to the blood, (ii) tissue, (iii) hemolysis, (iv) inflammation, and (v) allergy-played by antigen-5, PLA1, hyaluronidase, HSP 60, HSP 90, and arginine kinases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucilene Delazari
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Keity Souza
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: José Roberto Aparecido
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Nathalia Baptista
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Bibiana Monson
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Marise Fonseca
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perales
authors.forename: Gilberto Barbosa
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Domont
authors.forename: Fabio Morato
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Jorge Elias
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kalil
authors.forename: Mario Sergio
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Palma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D019295:Computational Biology; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006031:Glycosylation; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014862:Wasp Venoms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014863:Wasps / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D014862:Wasp Venoms