title: The effect of ethanolic extract of propolis on radiation-induced mucositis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of ethanolic extract of propolis in radiation-induced mucositis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed in the Dental Faculty, Shahid Rajaee Hospital of Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran from August 2008 to September 2009, It was carried out on 21 male Wistar rats, age 7-11 weeks, and weighing 16020 g. They were divided into 3 groups. Group A received intraperitoneal (ip) injections of 100 mg/kg ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP), group B received ip injections of 200 mg/kg EEP, and the control group (group C) received 10% ethanol (10 ml/kg [ip]) just before x-ray irradiation. All rats were irradiated in the head and neck region by an x-ray device at a dose rate of 15 gray (Gy) for 9 minutes and 39 seconds. The daily injection continued for the next 10 days, and the lips and tongues of the rats were examined daily to assess the intensity of lesions induced by irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group C, the first signs of ulcers appeared on the first day, while they appeared on the fourth day in group B, and third day in group A. The severity of ulcers was greatest in group C, and least in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propolis is effective in reducing and delaying radiation-induced mucositis in an animal model, however, further study and evaluation is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghassemi
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zabihi
authors.forename: Rabi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahdavi
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seyedmajidi
authors.forename: Sadat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akram
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motallebnejad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D011429:Propolis