title: Recurrent pregnancy loss and apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms: a case–control study from north India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  the role of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms in the etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is not clearly understood. We evaluated this polymorphism in unexplained pregnancy losses among North Indian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  in a retrospective case–control study, 200 well-characterized RPL cases were examined for their APO-E genotypes based on restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified fragments including amino acid positions 112 and 158. The observed genotypes were compared with those obtained from an equal number of ethnically matched negative controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  we found similar APO-E genotypes and E2, E3, and E4 allele frequency distribution among RPL patients and controls. The allele frequencies obtained in patients and controls respectively were as follows:E2 = 7.5% and 9.0% (P = 0.52; OR = 0.81; 95%CI = 0.49–1.35),E3 = 89.7% and 90% (P = 1.00; OR = 0.97; 95%CI = 0.61–1.54), and E4 = 2.8% and 1% (P = 0.12; OR = 2.79; 95%CI = 0.88–8.86).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  our data did not support the association of APO-E gene polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss as reported by some of the previous studies.We endorse adequate characterization of RPL cases, inclusion of appropriate negative controls, and adequate sample size prior to addressing such studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India.
authors.forename: Meenal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parveen
authors.forename: Rehan Mujeeb
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Faridi
authors.forename: Shubha R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Phadke
authors.forename: Vinita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Suraksha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agrawal
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E