title: S052: a comparison of robot-assisted, laparoscopic, and open surgery in the treatment of rectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years, robot-assisted surgery using the da Vinci System® has been proposed as an alternative to traditional open or laparoscopic procedures. The aim of this study was to compare the short-term outcomes for open, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted rectal resection for cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred sixty-three patients with rectal cancer who underwent curative resection between 2007 and 2009 were included. Patients were classified into an open surgery group (OS, n = 88), a laparoscopic surgery group (LAP, n = 123), and a robot-assisted group (RAP, n = 52). Data analyzed include operating time, length of recovery, methods of specimen extraction, quality of total mesorectal excision, and morbidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operating time was 233.8 ± 59.2 min for the OS group, 158.1 ± 49.2 min for the LAP group, and 232.6 ± 52.4 min for the RAP group (p < 0.001). Patients from the LAP and RAP groups recovered significantly faster than did those from the OS group (p < 0.05). The proportion of operations performed through a natural orifice (intracorporeal anastomosis with transanal or transvaginal retrieval of specimens) was significantly higher in the RAP group (p < 0.001). The specimen quality--with a distal resection margin, harvested lymph nodes, and circumferential margin--did not differ among the three groups. The overall complication rates were 20.5, 12.2, and 19.2% in the OS, LAP, and RAP groups, respectively (p = 0.229).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RAP and LAP reproduce the equivalent short-term results of standard OS while providing the advantages of minimal access. For the experienced laparoscopic colorectal oncologist, use of the da Vinci robot resulted in no significant short-term clinical benefit over the conventional laparoscopic approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 50 Samduck-dong 2ga Jung-gu, Daegu, 700-721, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Gyu-Seog
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kyoung Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: You Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Soo Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D057868:Anastomotic Leak / Q000453:epidemiology; D003082:Colectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics; D016896:Treatment Outcome