title: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide may enhance fatty acid re-esterification in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue in lean humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) has been implicated in lipid metabolism in animals. In humans, however, there is no clear evidence of GIP effecting lipid metabolism. The present experiments were performed in order to elucidate the effects of GIP on regional adipose tissue metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight healthy subjects were studied on four different occasions. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolism was assessed by measuring arterio-venous concentration differences and regional adipose tissue blood flow during GIP (1.5 pmol/kg/min) or saline infused intravenously alone or in combination with a hyperinsulinemic-hyperglycemic (HI-HG) clamp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During GIP and HI-HG clamp, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow, hydrolysis of circulating triacylglycerol (TAG) (P = 0.009), and glucose uptake (P = 0.03) increased significantly while free fatty acid (FFA) output (P = 0.04) and FFA/glycerol release ratio (P = 0.02) decreased compared with saline and HI-HG clamp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, GIP in combination with hyperinsulinemia and slight hyperglycemia increased adipose tissue blood flow, glucose uptake, and FFA re-esterification, thus resulting in increased TAG deposition in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Clinical Physiology/Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asmar
authors.forename: Lene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Simonsen
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madsbad
authors.forename: Bente
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stallknecht
authors.forename: Jens Juul
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bülow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique / Q000379:methods; D005990:Glycerol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia; D006946:Hyperinsulinism; D008297:Male; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013851:Thinness / Q000378:metabolism*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D005227:Fatty Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D005990:Glycerol