title: How accurate are physicians in the prediction of patient survival in advanced lung cancer?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because most cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis, patient inclusion in clinical trials is critical. Most trials require an estimated life expectancy >3 months, based on clinician estimates of patient survival probability, without providing formal guidelines. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of clinicians' predictions of survival in NSCLC patients (stages IIIB, and IV) and the possible impact of patient quality of life on survival estimation.
  
  
  METHODS
  At diagnosis, clinical, biological, and quality of life data (QLQ-C30 questionnaire) were recorded, and doctors "forecast" each patient's estimated survival. Concordance between predicted and actual survival was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five patients with a mean age of 62.2 years, 81.1% male, were included (squamous cell carcinoma, 33; adenocarcinoma, 42; large cell carcinoma, 8; neuroendocrine carcinoma, 2). The mean follow-up was 40 months and median survival time was 11.7 (range, 0.4-143.7) weeks. All clinicians (residents, registrars, and consultants) overestimated patient survival time, with a moderate concordance between predicted and actual survival time. A worse global health status was associated with a lower discrepancy between estimated and actual patient survival, and a worse role functioning was associated with a larger difference between estimated and actual patient survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of specific recommendations to estimate patient survival may introduce major selection in clinical studies. Further research should investigate whether the accuracy of patient survival estimates by clinicians would be improved by taking into account patient quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Brabois, CHU de Nancy, 54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. christelle.clementduchene@gmail.com
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clément-Duchêne
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carnin
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillemin
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Martinet
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010819:Physician's Role; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D016019:Survival Analysis