title: Effects of cholesterol and its 24S-OH and 25-OH oxysterols on choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons in brain slices.
abstract: In Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurons expressing the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) degenerate and a loss of cholinergic activity directly correlates with cognitive decline. Recent studies have suggested that cholesterol plays a role in AD. The aim of the present study was to explore if cholesterol and its oxysterols, 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OH Chol) and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH Chol), affect ChAT-positive neurons in organotypic brain slices of the basal nucleus of Meynert (nBM). We showed that slices expressed approximately 140 ChAT-positive neurons/slice after 2 weeks when incubated with nerve growth factor (NGF). This number markedly decreased when incubated without NGF to approximately 20 neurons/slice. Cholesterol and 24S-OH Chol delayed this decrease in ChAT-positive neurons. In contrast, 25-OH Chol induced a decline in ChAT-positive neurons in 2-week-old slices within 4 days. The effects of cholesterol and its oxysterols were exhibited in a dose- and time-dependent way. Our results show that cholesterol and 24S-OH Chol delays the decrease in ChAT-positive neurons, while 25-OH Chol rapidly decreases ChAT expression, suggesting differential mechanisms on ChAT expression in cholinergic nBM neurons.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ullrich
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirchl
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Humpel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006888:Hydroxycholesterols / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D006888:Hydroxycholesterols; C044563:24-hydroxycholesterol; C007997:25-hydroxycholesterol; D002784:Cholesterol; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase