title: SNAI2/Slug promotes growth and invasion in human gliomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous factors that contribute to malignant glioma invasion have been identified, but the upstream genes coordinating this process are poorly known.
  
  
  METHODS
  To identify genes controlling glioma invasion, we used genome-wide mRNA expression profiles of primary human glioblastomas to develop an expression-based rank ordering of 30 transcription factors that have previously been implicated in the regulation of invasion and metastasis in cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using this approach, we identified the oncogenic transcriptional repressor, SNAI2/Slug, among the upper tenth percentile of invasion-related transcription factors overexpressed in glioblastomas. SNAI2 mRNA expression correlated with histologic grade and invasive phenotype in primary human glioma specimens, and was induced by EGF receptor activation in human glioblastoma cells. Overexpression of SNAI2/Slug increased glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and promoted angiogenesis and glioblastoma growth in vivo. Importantly, knockdown of endogenous SNAI2/Slug in glioblastoma cells decreased invasion and increased survival in a mouse intracranial human glioblastoma transplantation model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This genome-scale approach has thus identified SNAI2/Slug as a regulator of growth and invasion in human gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Hong Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lata G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Rona S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005910:Glioma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; C000604407:SNAI1 protein, human; C000604408:SNAI2 protein, human; C000604449:Snai2 protein, mouse; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors