title: [Effects of extract of Polygonum multiflorum on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of human liver cell line L02].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the chemical constituents of Polygonum multiflorum extract which may cause human liver cell damage and to explore the mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum were extracted by 70% ethanol, then raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum water-eluted material (RW and PW), 50% ethanol-eluted material (R50 and P50) and 95% ethanol-eluted material (R95 and P95) were obtained by absorbing through AB-8 macroporous resin, followed by water, 50% ethanol and 95% ethanol elution in order. The water extracts of raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum (RWE or PWE) were obtained by boiling them in water as usual. Normal human liver L02 cells were treated by different concentrations of eluted Polygonum multiflorum materials for different time, and the cell growth inhibition of each group was determined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide method. The chemical constituents which had a significant cytotoxicity to L02 cells were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Morphological changes of L02 cells were observed by Giemsa staining and cell cycle distribution was observed by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that 95% ethanol-eluted extracts of raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum showed significant growth inhibition on normal human liver L02 cells, while the other components showed no significant inhibition on cell growth. HPLC analysis showed that the main component in 95% ethanol-eluted extract of raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum was emodin at content of (18.53+/-2.96)% and (10.28+/-1.34)% respectively. Cell cycle analysis showed that 95% ethanol-eluted material of Polygonum multiflorum and emodin had a similar significant effect of S phase arrest and all could induce L02 cell apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main part of Polygonum multiflorum causing liver cell damage is the 95% ethanol-eluted extract, and emodin is one of the important chemical constituents leading to liver cell damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Rui-Chen
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhen-Xiao
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Dong-Yan
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D002460:Cell Line; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028502:Polygonum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts