title: Quantitative DNA methylation analysis detects cervical intraepithelial neoplasms type 3 and worse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  DNA methylation may be used a potential biomarker for detecting cervical cancer. The authors of this report used quantitative methylation analysis of 4 genes in a full spectrum of cervical lesions to test its potential clinical application.
  
  
  METHODS
  This hospital-based, retrospective, case-control study was conducted in 185 patients and included patients who had a normal uterine cervix (n = 53), cervical intraepithelial neoplasm type 1 (CIN1) (n = 37), CIN2 (n = 22), CIN3 (n = 24), carcinoma in situ (CIS) (n = 22), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n = 20), and adenocarcinoma (AC) (n = 7). Methylation levels of the genes sex-determining region Y, box 1 (SOX1); paired box gene 1 (PAX1); LIM homeobox transcription factor 1α (LMX1A), and NK6 transcription factor-related locus 1 (NKX6-1) were determined by using real-time methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Cutoff values of the percentage of methylation reference (PMR) for different diagnoses were determined to test the sensitivity and specificity and to generate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Two-sided Mann-Whitney U tests were used to test differences in PMR between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PMRs of the 4 genes were significantly higher in CIN3 and worse (CIN3+) lesions than the PMRs in specimens of normal cervix and CIN1 or CIN2 (P < .001). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting CIN3+ lesions were 0.88, 0.82, and 0.95, respectively, for SOX1; 0.78, 0.91, and 0.89, respectively, for PAX1; 0.77, 0.88, and 0.90, respectively, for LMX1A; and 0.93, 0.97, and 0.97, respectively, for NKX6-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current results indicated that quantitative PCR-based testing for DNA methylation of 4 genes holds great promise for cervical cancer screening and warrants further population-based studies using standardized DNA methylation testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. hclai@ndmctsgh.edu.tw
authors.forename: Hung-Cheng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Ya-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Rui-Lan
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ming-Tzeung
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hui-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Po-Hsuan
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Yung-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mu-Hsien
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers