title: Narrow band imaging with high-resolution bronchovideoscopy: a new approach for visualizing angiogenesis in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the ability of a high-resolution bronchovideoscopy system with narrow band imaging (NBI) to detect blood vessel structures in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of bronchi, as well as squamous dysplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-nine patients with either abnormal sputum cytology or lung cancer were entered into the study. First, high-resolution bronchovideoscopy with white light was performed. Observations were repeated using NBI light to examine microvascular structures in the bronchial mucosa. Spectral features of the RGB (red/green/blue) sequential videoscope system were changed from a conventional RGB filter to the new NBI filter. The wavelength ranges of the NBI filter were: 400-430 nm (blue), 400-430 nm (green) and 520-560 nm (red).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following were clearly observed with NBI with high-resolution bronchovideoscopy: increased vessel growth and complex networks of tortuous vessels of various sizes, in squamous dysplasia; some dotted vessels, in addition to increased vessel growth and complex networks of tortuous vessels, in ASD; several dotted vessels and spiral or screw type tumor vessels of various sizes and grades, in SCC. Capillary blood vessel and/or tumor vessel mean diameters of ASD, CIS, microinvasive and invasive carcinoma were 41.4+/-9.8 microm, 63.7+/-8.2 microm, 136.5+/-29.9 microm and 259.4+/-29.6 microm, respectively. These results indicated a statistically significant increase of mean vessel diameters in the four groups (P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NBI with high-resolution bronchovideoscopy was useful for detecting the increased vessel growth and complex networks of tortuous vessels, dotted vessels and spiral or screw type tumor vessels of bronchial mucosa. This may enable detecting the onset of angiogenesis during multi-step carcinogenesis of the lung.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. shibuya-ths@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiyo
authors.forename: Hidehisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Yasumitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kenzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiroshima
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yoshino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001980:Bronchi / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic