title: Building research evidence for policy advocacy: a qualitative evaluation of existing smoke-free policies in Lebanon.
abstract: Secondhand smoke is harmful to smokers and nonsmokers, and smoke-free legislation worldwide improves health status. Lebanon has one of the weakest tobacco control regulatory environments in the Eastern Mediterranean region. However, several Lebanese workplaces and hospitality venues have chosen to implement such policies on their own. The objective of this study was to document their experiences. Qualitative interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with management, employees, and clients. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurrent themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  describe the types of bans implemented; the reasons for adopting a policy; and the barriers and facilitators to implementation, enforcement, and compliance. A main facilitator was management support, whereas a main barrier was prosmoking norms. This analysis provides insight and lessons learned that can aid in scaling up tobacco control efforts in Lebanon and the Eastern Mediterranean region.
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Rima T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Nakkash
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaaya
authors.forename: Rema A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Afifi
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D004651:Employment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017144:Focus Groups; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007861:Lebanon; D015279:Organizational Culture; D016134:Organizational Policy; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012147:Restaurants; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution