title: Personal debt and suicidal ideation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Personal debt is one of many factors associated with anxiety, depression and suicidality. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between personal debt and suicidal ideation in the context of sociodemographic factors, employment and income, lifestyle behaviours, and recently experienced traumatic events.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interviews were conducted with a random probability sample comprising 7461 respondents for the third national survey of psychiatric morbidity of adults in England. Fieldwork was carried out throughout 2007. The prevalence of suicidal thoughts in the past week, past year and lifetime was assessed and current sources of debt were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2007, 4.3% of adults in England had thought about taking their own life in the past 12 months, ranging from 1.8% of men aged ≥ 55 years to 7.0% of women aged 35-54 years. Those in debt were twice as likely to think about suicide after controlling for sociodemographic, economic, social and lifestyle factors. Difficulty in making hire purchase or mail order repayments and paying off credit card debt, in addition to housing-related debt (rent and mortgage arrears), was strongly associated with suicidal thoughts. Feelings of hopelessness partially mediated the relationship between debt and suicidal ideation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of debts, source of the debt and reasons for debt are key correlates of suicidal ideation. Individuals experiencing difficulties in repaying their debts because they are unemployed or have had a relationship breakdown or have heavy caring responsibilities may require psychiatric evaluation in addition to debt counselling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, UK. hm74@le.ac.uk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bebbington
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brugha
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dennis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology; D016361:Bankruptcy; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D007182:Income; D008016:Life Change Events; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D014478:Unemployment / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs