title: Intravesical instillation of botulinum toxin A: an in vivo murine study and pilot clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to compare the urodynamic effects of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) delivered via intramural injection into the bladder wall to that of intravesical instillation in a rat model of detrusor overactivity and to evaluate the effects of intravesical instillation of BoNT-A in female patients with idiopathic overactive bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detrusor overactivity was induced in female Wistar rats using partial bladder outflow obstruction. Animals were treated with 5 units (U) of BoNT-A via intramural bladder injection (n = 6) or intravesical instillation (n = 7). Conscious cystometrograms were performed prior to BoNT-A administration and then repeated 7 days and 2 weeks following treatment. In the subsequent pilot clinical study, 16 female patients with overactive bladder refractory to antimuscarinics were treated with 200 units of BoNT-A in 50 mL of 0.9% saline instilled using a 12-F urethral catheter. Treatment outcome was evaluated immediately prior to and 1 month after BoNT-A administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the preclinical study, the average intermicturition and threshold pressures, as well as the number and amplitude of non-voiding bladder contractions, decreased significantly in both instillation and injection groups. Micturition pressure decreased significantly only in the intramural injection group. In the pilot clinical study, seven patients reported improvement in symptoms. The average number of incontinence episodes was significantly reduced, and the volume at which the first non-voiding contraction was recorded increased by 52.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our urodynamic studies support the hypothesis that BoNT-A instilled into the urinary bladder affects bladder sensation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krhut
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zvara
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000818:Animals; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A