title: Are a set of microarrays independent of each other?
abstract: Having observed an m x n matrix X whose rows are possibly correlated, we wish to test the hypothesis that the columns are independent of each other. Our motivation comes from microarray studies, where the rows of X record expression levels for m different genes, often highly correlated, while the columns represent n individual microarrays, presumably obtained independently. The presumption of independence underlies all the familiar permutation, cross-validation, and bootstrap methods for microarray analysis, so it is important to know when independence fails. We develop nonparametric and normal-theory testing methods. The row and column correlations of X interact with each other in a way that complicates test procedures, essentially by reducing the accuracy of the relevant estimators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Sequoia Hall, 390 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-4065.
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Efron