title: Electronic paramagnetic resonance investigation of the activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil on the Listeria monocytogenes membrane.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of oregano essential oil on Listeria monocytogenes cytoplasmic membrane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nitroxide free-radical Electron Paramagnetic Resonance was applied on L. monocytogenes after 30 min exposure to oregano essential oil concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.25%. The impact of essential oil on the number of viable cells was evaluated by plate count. Growth dynamics of survivors in BHI and TSB were evaluated by turbidometry. After exposure to essential oil concentrations up to 0.50%, the membrane fluidity was changed and its order increased. When L. monocytogenes was exposed to higher concentrations, membrane order parameters slightly returned to the values of untreated cells. However, when the cells were exposed to EO in the presence of sodium azide, which impairs energy metabolism, the membrane fluidity was progressively enhanced, even at the lowest EO concentration (0.25%). Microbiological analyses confirmed a progressive reduction of viable count, at increasing essential oil concentrations. Both in BHI and TSB, the Lag phase length increased in treated cells with respect to controls, suggesting a cell damage recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined approach including microbiological and EPR analyses provided relevant information on membrane modification and cell response to essential oils.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPR approach was demonstrated to be an effective and helpful tool to comprehend the modifications exerted by essential oil on the bacterial membrane.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Teramo, Mosciano Sant'Angelo (TE), Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiarini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tettamanti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paparella
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008560:Membrane Fluidity / Q000187:drug effects; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D019810:Sodium Azide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D019810:Sodium Azide