title: Trajectories of cardiorespiratory fitness in children with and without developmental coordination disorder: a longitudinal analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the longitudinal trajectories of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children with probable developmental coordination disorder (DCD) with those of typically developing children.
  
  
  METHODS
  School-based study, conducted in a large region of Ontario, Canada. 75 out of a possible 92 schools (83%) consented to participate.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of children, enrolled in grade 4 (mean 9 years 11 months; SD 0.05) at baseline (n=2278) were followed twice-yearly over a 2-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The short form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency was used to identify children with probable DCD and the Leger shuttle run to measure maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)max).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mixed-effects modelling was used to estimate the change over time in predicted VO(2)max for both children with probable DCD and typically developing children. For all children, VO(2)max declined over time. Children (boys and girls) with probable DCD not only had lower VO(2)max at baseline compared with typically developing children, VO(2)max declined among these children at a much steeper rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although previous research has found children with DCD to have poor CRF compared with typically developing children, most of this work has relied on cross-sectional designs to examine group differences. The results of this study confirm that differences in CRF between children with and without probable DCD persist over time, highlighting the concern that DCD is a risk factor for poor cardiovascular health in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. cairnej@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cairney
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veldhuizen
authors.forename: Brent E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Faught
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology