title: Risk factors for bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess risk factors for bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and to develop preventive measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study was performed in a tertiary referral center. A total of 328 patients underwent ESD for 398 gastric neoplasms between July 2007 and June 2009. The main outcome was association between post-ESD bleeding and the following: age; sex; comorbidities; daily use of medicine potentially related to gastric injury/bleeding; location, size, and histological depth of lesions; ulceration; experience of operator coagulating the ulcer floor, and duration of operation. We also determined the relationship between the location of post-ESD bleeding and risk factors for hemorrhage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis revealed significant risk factors: tumor location [odds ratio (OR), 2.86; 95% CI: 1.21-6.79, P = 0.024], coagulator experience (OR, 4.29; 95% CI: 1.43-12.86, P = 0.009), and medicine potentially related to gastric injury/bleeding (OR, 2.80; 95% CI: 1.14-6.90, P = 0.039). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed significant, independent risk factors: tumor in lower third of stomach (OR, 2.47; 95% CI: 1.02-5.96, P = 0.044), beginner coagulator (OR, 3.93; 95% CI: 1.29-11.9, P = 0.016), and medicine (OR, 2.76; 95% CI: 1.09-6.98, P = 0.032). We classified cases of post-ESD bleeding into two groups (bleeding at the ulcer margin vs bleeding at the center) and found that bleeding at the margin occurred more frequently with beginner coagulators compared with experts (OR, 16.00; 95% CI: 1.22-210.59, P = 0.040).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beginner coagulators, tumor in the antrum, and medicines were significant risk factors for post-ESD bleeding. Bleeding at the ulcer margin frequently occurred with beginner operators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Kanto Medical Center, NTT EC, 5-9-22 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-8625, Japan. ytsuji-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohata
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohya
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gunji
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuhashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004210:Dissection / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000601:surgery; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents