Radiologic features of implants after endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children.
OBJECTIVE
Implants after endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children will be more frequently detected on imaging studies and may lead to misinterpretation and unnecessary intervention. This article reviews the radiologic appearance of implants.


CONCLUSIONS
Radiologic findings of implants depend on the imaging technique, bulking agent, and time after injection. A history of VUR or an antireflux procedure and the absence of hydronephrosis in cases of suspected urolithiasis are important clues to suggest implants.
Cerwinka
Wolfgang H
WH
Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, GA 30342, USA. wcerwin@emory.edu <wcerwin@emory.edu>
Kaye
Jonathan D
JD
Scherz
Hal C
HC
Kirsch
Andrew J
AJ
Grattan-Smith
J Damien
JD
D002648:Child; D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017886:Durapatite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007267:Injections; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*
D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; C094535:deflux; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D017886:Durapatite