title: Results of an international ring test with the dung fly Musca autumnalis in support of a new OECD test guideline.
abstract: A standardized bioassay using the face fly, Musca autumnalis L. (Diptera: Muscidae), was developed to test the lethal and sublethal toxicity of parasiticide residues in livestock dung. The repeatability of this test was assessed for the parasiticide ivermectin in seven tests performed in four laboratories in Germany and France. Additional results of limit tests were provided by two laboratories from the UK. Test results had an acceptable range of heterogeneity. The calculated effect concentration at which 50% emergence was observed (EC50) averaged 4.65+/-2.17 (Standard Deviation (SD) microg ivermectin/kg fresh dung (range: 1.20-7.7)). Effects on emergence were, with one exception, not observed below the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) ranging between 1.11 and 3.33microg ivermectin/kg. No effect on development time was observed. We conclude that the face fly is suitably sensitive, and the methods sufficiently repeatable, to support use of this standardized bioassay by the international community in the registration of new veterinary pharmaceuticals. Following these considerations, this species was accepted as a possible test organism in a recently published OECD Guideline (No. 228).
authors.affiliation: ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerstrasse 2-14, D-65439 Flörsheim/Main, Germany. j-roembke@ect.de
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Römbke
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: Wolf U
authors.initials: WU
authors.lastname: Blanckenhorn
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.forename: Nassera
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kadiri
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knäbe
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lehmhus
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lumaret
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosenkranz
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scheffczyk
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sekine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D009117:Muscidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D007559:Ivermectin