title: International survey on the management of skin stigmata and suspected tethered cord.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We designed a survey to investigate current international management trends of neonates with lumbar midline skin stigmata suspicious of tethered cord, among pediatric neurosurgeons, focusing on the lower risk stigmata, simple dimples, deviated gluteal folds, and discolorations. Our findings will enable physicians to assess their current diagnosis routine and aid in clarifying management controversies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire on the proposed diagnostic evaluation of seven case reports, each accompanied by relevant imaging, was distributed by e-mail to members of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, the European Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, and via the PEDS server list between March and August 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-two questionnaires, completed by experienced professionals with a rather uniform distribution of experience levels, were analyzed. Forty-eight percent do not recommend any imaging of simple dimples, 30% recommend US screening and 22% recommend MR. Seventy-nine percent recommend imaging of deviated gluteal fold with 30% recommending MR. Ninety-two percent recommend imaging infants with hemangiomas with 74% recommending MR. MR for sinus tracts is recommended by 90% if sacral and by 98% if lumber. Eighty-four percent recommend MR for filar cyst.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our survey demonstrates that management of low-risk skin stigmata, simple dimple, deviated gluteal fold, and discolorations lacks consensus. In addition, a significant sector of the professional community proposes a work-up of simple dimples, sacral tracts, and filar cysts that contradicts established recommendations. A simple classification system is needed to attain a better approach, enabling correct diagnosis of tethered cord without exposing neonates to unnecessary examinations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman St., Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel.
authors.forename: Penina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ponger
authors.forename: Liat
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ben-Sira
authors.forename: Liana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beni-Adani
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steinbok
authors.forename: Shlomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Constantini
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D012868:Skin Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires