Endoventricular electromechanical mapping-the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of the NOGA XP Cardiac Navigation System.
Combined analysis of the electrical and mechanical function of the heart holds promise as a means of acquiring a better understanding of a variety of cardiac diseases that ultimately may lead to heart failure. The NOGA XP Cardiac Navigation System is a unique, nonfluoroscopic, catheter-based technology that achieves real-time acquisition of three-dimensional, endoventricular electromechanical maps. Through the provision of point-by-point measurements of endocardial electrical activation and voltage and mechanical shortening, electromechanical mapping has been evaluated for its ability to identify regional myocardial ischemia and characterize tissue viability. A decade of preclinical and clinical research has verified its safety and feasibility and raised the possibility of its application as a diagnostic adjunct to conventional angiography in the catheterization laboratory. However, this role has not yet been realized outside of the research setting. Instead, a more prominent niche for NOGA XP has emerged as a therapeutic tool for guiding direct myocardial interventions, most notably the targeted administration of regenerative therapies (e.g., cells, genes) to the heart. In this review, we discuss the fundamental aspects of this electromechanical mapping system and the evidence for both its diagnostic and therapeutic utility.
Psaltis
Peter J
PJ
Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Worthley
Stephen G
SG
D000200:Action Potentials; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013997:Time Factors; D014022:Tissue Survival