title: Comorbidity of substance use disorders among community-based and high-risk adolescents.
abstract: The aim of this article was to examine the frequency and comorbidity of substance use disorders (SUD) among community-based adolescents and high-risk adolescents, using the same methodology. Adolescents from the community (N=1035) were recruited from 36 schools. High-risk adolescents (N=374) comprised those whose parent(s) have the diagnosis of SUD and who were undergoing a treatment for their SUD. Adolescents were interviewed using the computerized Munich version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to access the presence of SUD and other major DSM-IV psychiatric disorders. The lifetime rate of SUD was significantly lower in the community-based (12.3%) than the high-risk (38.3%) groups of adolescents. In both settings, SUD co-occurred highly with other psychiatric disorders. About 52.7% and 62.2% of the community-based and high-risk adolescents with SUD, respectively, had at least one additional disorder. Adolescents with SUD and comorbid disorders were significantly more psychologically distressed, compared to adolescents with SUD only. Adolescents with SUD had significantly lower perceived attachment to parents, but significantly higher attachment to peers compared to adolescents without any psychiatric disorders. The implications of the present findings were discussed in terms of the need to design prevention program especially for high-risk children, and also stressed the importance of conducting comprehensive assessment among adolescents referred for the treatment of SUD.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Applied Research and Assessment in Child and Adolescent Wellbeing (CARACAW), Department of Psychology, Roehampton University, Whitelands College, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, United Kingdom. C.Essau@roehampton.ac.uk
authors.forename: Cecilia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Essau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011593:Psychology, Social; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012308:Risk Management; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires