title: Nutraceuticals in the early infancy.
abstract: Atherosclerosis disease and its extent in childhood correlate positively with established risk factors, namely obesity, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The safety and efficacy of some dietary interventions to modulate risk factors in childhood are documented by an increasing body of evidence. The present review analyzes nutritional and nutraceutical current strategies addressed to modify some risk factors of atherosclerosis in childhood. In particular, studies concerning nutrients such as fibers, omega-3-fatty acids, vitamin D, antioxidants, and calcium have been evaluated. An overall analysis suggests that some nutraceuticals might represent an attractive tool to lower the development of atherosclerotic-related cardiovascular complication in children. Nevertheless, at this moment, due to the methodological weakness that characterizes the majority of the analyzed studies, nutrients or supplements should not be considered as a therapeutic tool potentially usable for clinical purpose in children at risk for cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Divisione I Clinica Medica Università Sapienza, Roma, Italy. Pasquale.pignatelli@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pignatelli
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basili
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents