title: Serum sex hormone-binding globulin and cortisol concentrations are associated with overreaching during strenuous military training.
abstract: The purpose was (a) to study the effect of an 8-week Finnish military basic training period (BT) on physical fitness, body composition, mood state, and serum biochemical parameters among new conscripts; (b) to determine the incidence of overreaching (OR); and (c) to evaluate whether initial levels or training responses differ between OR and noOR subjects. Fifty-seven males (19.7 ± 0.3 years) were evaluated before and during BT. Overreaching subjects had to fulfill 3 of 5 criteria: decreased aerobic physical fitness (VO2max), increased rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in 45-minute submaximal test at 70% of VO2max or sick absence from these tests, increased somatic or emotional symptoms of OR, and high incidence of sick absence from daily service. VO2max improved during the first 4 weeks of BT. During the second half of BT, a stagnation of increase in VO2max was observed, basal serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) increased, and insulin-like growth factor-1 and cortisol decreased. Furthermore, submaximal exercise-induced increases in cortisol, maximum heart rate, and postexercise increase in blood lactate were blunted. Of 57 subjects, 33% were classified as OR. They had higher basal SHBG before and after 4 and 7 weeks of training and higher basal serum cortisol at the end of BT than noOR subjects. In addition, in contrast to noOR, OR subjects exhibited no increase in basal testosterone/cortisol ratio but a decrease in maximal La/RPE ratio during BT. As one-third of the conscripts were overreached, training after BT should involve recovery training to prevent overtraining syndrome from developing. The results confirm that serum SHBG, cortisol, and testosterone/cortisol and maximal La/RPE ratios could be useful tools to indicate whether training is too strenuous.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland. minna.m.tanskanen@jyu.fi
authors.forename: Minna M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tanskanen
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kyröläinen
authors.forename: Arja L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Uusitalo
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huovinen
authors.forename: Juuso
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nissilä
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinnunen
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.forename: Keijo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000097:blood*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000502:physiology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D019344:Lactic Acid; D013739:Testosterone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D006854:Hydrocortisone