title: A mouse embryonic stem cell bank for inducible overexpression of human chromosome 21 genes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dosage imbalance is responsible for several genetic diseases, among which Down syndrome is caused by the trisomy of human chromosome 21.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To elucidate the extent to which the dosage imbalance of specific human chromosome 21 genes perturb distinct molecular pathways, we developed the first mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell bank of human chromosome 21 genes. The human chromosome 21-mouse ES cell bank includes, in triplicate clones, 32 human chromosome 21 genes, which can be overexpressed in an inducible manner. Each clone was transcriptionally profiled in inducing versus non-inducing conditions. Analysis of the transcriptional response yielded results that were consistent with the perturbed gene's known function. Comparison between mouse ES cells containing the whole human chromosome 21 (trisomic mouse ES cells) and mouse ES cells overexpressing single human chromosome 21 genes allowed us to evaluate the contribution of single genes to the trisomic mouse ES cell transcriptome. In addition, for the clones overexpressing the Runx1 gene, we compared the transcriptome changes with the corresponding protein changes by mass spectroscopy analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We determined that only a subset of genes produces a strong transcriptional response when overexpressed in mouse ES cells and that this effect can be predicted taking into account the basal gene expression level and the protein secondary structure. We showed that the human chromosome 21-mouse ES cell bank is an important resource, which may be instrumental towards a better understanding of Down syndrome and other human aneuploidy disorders.
authors.affiliation: Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via P, Castellino 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy.
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Cegli
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romito
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iacobacci
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lauria
authors.forename: Anthony O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Fedele
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klose
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borel
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Descombes
authors.forename: Stylianos E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Antonarakis
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: di Bernardo
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banfi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballabio
authors.forename: Gilda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cobellis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 / Q000235:genetics*; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018628:Gene Dosage / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014015:Tissue Banks; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D020543:Proteome