title: Surface engineering of quantum dots for in vivo imaging.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gluconic acid (GA) conjugation on the biodistribution of cysteamine-capped quantum dots (amino-QDots) in vivo. Cadmium selenide/zinc sulfide (CdSe/ZnS) was capped with cysteamine through a thiol exchange method, and different amounts of GA were conjugated to the amine groups of cysteamine via the formation of an amide bond. The emission maxima of the synthesized QDots, the amino-QDots and the GA-conjugated amine-QDots (GA-QDots) were located at 720, 600 and 610 nm, respectively. In the cell viability studies, the GA-QDots showed very low toxicity against CHO cells as compared to the cytotoxicity of the amino-QDots. The QDots were next intravenously injected into normal mice and then we performed ex vivo optical imaging. The majority of the amino-QDots were accumulated in the lung. In contrast, the GA-QDots were cleared out of the body through the kidney. Therefore, we expect that the conjugation of GA onto the amino-QDots can create opportunities for using amino-QDots for in vivo imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Moon
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Doorye
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: Eun-Mi
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Min-Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Sun-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seok Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Myung-Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Hwan-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D016923:Cell Death; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D005260:Female; D005942:Gluconates / Q000737:chemistry; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D045663:Quantum Dots; D018036:Selenium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D005942:Gluconates; D018036:Selenium Compounds; D013440:Sulfides; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C058667:cadmium selenide; C031238:zinc sulfide; C030691:gluconic acid