title: Coffee consumption and risk of colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The possible association between coffee consumption and risk of colorectal cancer has been extensively studied in the many populations. The aim of this study is to examine this relationship among Finns, who are the heaviest coffee consumers in the world.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 041 Finnish men and women who were 26-74 years of age and without history of any cancer at baseline were included in the present analyses. Their coffee consumption and other study characteristics were determined at baseline, and they were prospectively followed up for onset of colon and rectal cancer, emigration, death or until 30 June 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean follow-up period of 18 years, 538 cases of colorectal cancer (304 cases of colon cancer and 234 cases of rectal cancer) were diagnosed. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of colorectal cancer incidence for > or =10 cups of coffee per day compared with non-drinkers was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.47-2.03) for men (P for trend=0.86), 1.24 (95% CI, 0.49-3.14) for women (p for trend=0.83) and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.58-1.83) for men and women combined (P for trend=0.61).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we found no association between coffee consumption and the risk of colorectal, colon and rectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. siamak.bidel@thl.fi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bidel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jousilahti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Antikainen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pukkala
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hakulinen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee