title: Exploring violence against women and adverse health outcomes in middle age to promote women's health.
abstract: A history of intimate partner violence (IPV) is linked to cardiovascular disorders among women. Static autonomic nervous system (ANS) imbalance may result from chronic stress associated with exposure to IPV. Autonomic nervous system imbalance is associated with an excessive proinflammatory response that may increase the risk for inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. To better understand the process from IPV to poorer health outcomes in women diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) we developed and tested a biobehavioral model of the psychological and biological pathway from IPV to chronic illness. We hypothesized that among women hospitalized for ACS, those who reported sexual abuse, with or without physical abuse, would have greater alterations in their serum levels of neuroendocrine markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules and a chemotactic cytokine, at time of hospitalization for ACS, and 3 and 6 months later, than do women with physical abuse only. Participants were 45 women, primarily African American, admitted to a county hospital with a diagnosis of ACS. We evaluated 11 biomarkers and found a moderate group effect size for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. All others had a small effect size.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Texas Woman's University, 6700 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA. lsymes@twu.edu
authors.forename: Lene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Symes
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frazier
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Henderson-Everhardus
authors.forename: Gayle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McGlory
authors.forename: Kathleen Bachtel
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Ron Cornelis
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hoogeveen
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; D011388:Prolactin; D006854:Hydrocortisone