title: Comparison of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 for their effects on improving scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in mice.
abstract: Rg1 and Rb1 are two major active compounds of ginseng that facilitate learning and memory. The present study aimed to compare the nootropic effects of Rg1 and Rb1 in a scopolamine induced dementia mice model. After 6 and 12 mg/kg of Rg1 and Rb1 intraperitoneal administration to mice for 7 days, their effects were assessed using the step-down passive avoidance (SD) and the Morris water maze (MWM) tests, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, acetylcholine (ACh) content and serotonin (5-HT) level in the hippocampus were analysed after SD and MWM tests. The results showed that Rg1 and Rb1 ameliorated cognition-deficiency in mice with dementia. Rg1 showed stronger effects than Rb1 on escape acquisition in MWM. Both Rg1 and Rb1 increased ACh levels in the hippocampus, but Rg1 inhibited AChE activity while Rb1 had no effect on AChE activity. Both Rg1 and Rb1 inhibited the decrease of 5-HT induced by scopolamine, but Rb1 was more active than the same dose of Rg1. These results demonstrate that multiple administrations of Rg1 and Rb1 are effective in improving memory deficiency induced by scopolamine. Rg1 appears to be more potent than Rb1 in improving acquisition impairment, and the two ginsenosides may act through different mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Xin-Min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hai-Xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Wen-Li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steinmetz
authors.forename: Yu-Qin
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chang-Jiang
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000032:analysis; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D003704:Dementia / Q000139:chemically induced; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D012701:Serotonin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D012701:Serotonin; C442759:ginsenoside Rb1; D012601:Scopolamine; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000109:Acetylcholine; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1