title: Rapid, convenient method for screening imidazole-containing compounds for heme oxygenase inhibition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sensitive assays for measuring heme oxygenase activity have been based on the gas-chromatographic detection of carbon monoxide using elaborate, expensive equipment. The present study describes a rapid and convenient method for screening imidazole-containing candidates for inhibitory activity against heme oxygenase using a plate reader, based on the spectroscopic evaluation of heme degradation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PowerWave XS plate reader was used to monitor the absorbance (as a function of time) of heme bound to purified truncated human heme oxygenase-1 (hHO-1) in the individual wells of a standard 96-well plate (with or without the addition of a test compound). The degradation of heme by heme oxygenase-1 was initiated using l-ascorbic acid, and the collected relevant absorbance data were analyzed by three different methods to calculate the percent control activity occurring in wells containing test compounds relative to that occurring in control wells with no test compound present.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the cases of wells containing inhibitory compounds, significant shifts in λ(max) from 404 to near 412 nm were observed as well as a decrease in the rate of heme degradation relative to that of the control. Each of the three methods of data processing (overall percent drop in absorbance over 1.5h, initial rate of reaction determined over the first 5 min, and estimated pseudo first-order reaction rate constant determined over 1.5h) gave similar and reproducible results for percent control activity. The fastest and easiest method of data analysis was determined to be that using initial rates, involving data acquisition for only 5 min once reactions have been initiated using l-ascorbic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study demonstrate that this simple assay based on the spectroscopic detection of heme represents a rapid, convenient method to determine the relative inhibitory activity of candidate compounds, and is useful in quickly screening a series or library of compounds for heme oxygenase inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
authors.forename: Jason Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Vlahakis
authors.forename: Mona N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Gheorghe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: Zongchao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakatsu
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Szarek
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006418:Heme / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D006418:Heme; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D001205:Ascorbic Acid