title: Effect of cold temperatures on mortality in Cantabria (Northern Spain): a case-crossover study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of low temperatures on mortality in a Spanish region that includes both rural and urban areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-crossover study was conducted on the impact of cold temperatures on mortality in Cantabria, a Spanish region which includes both rural and urban areas, in 2004-2005. Odds ratios for several cold weather indicators were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for humidity and wind speed. Zero- to 6-day lags in the temperature effect were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Temperatures lower than the 5th percentile were strongly associated with mortality compared with temperatures above the 5th percentile (OR 3.40, 95% confidence interval 2.95-3.93 for 6-day lag). All temperature indices show a negative association with mortality; for instance, the maximum temperature had ORs of 0.71, 0.58, 0.32 and 0.16 for Quintiles 2-5 (reference: Quintile 1). This effect was common to all age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cold weather is strongly associated with mortality in small cities and rural areas.
authors.affiliation: University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain. ines.gomez@unican.es
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gómez-Acebo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dierssen-Sotos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Llorca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D016017:Odds Ratio; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult