title: Presence of alkylresorcinols, potential whole grain biomarkers, in human adipose tissue.
abstract: Alkylresorcinols (AR) in plasma samples have been suggested to be short- to medium-term biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake. In the present study, we investigated whether AR are present in human adipose tissues, and if content correlated with long-term whole grain bread intake. Furthermore, we investigated if the relative AR homologue composition reflected what has been found previously in the habitual diet of Swedes. Biopsy samples (10-25 mg) from free-living Swedish women (n 20) were analysed by GC-MS. The mean total AR concentration in the samples was 0.54 (SD 0.35) microg/g, ranging from below limit of quantification ( < 0.08 microg/g) to 1.50 microg/g. Whole grain bread intake was significantly correlated with plasma total AR content (r 0.48, P < 0.05), and the C17 : 0/C21 : 0 ratio was 0.35 (sd 0.24), which is similar to what is found in plasma among free-living subjects consuming a mixed whole grain wheat and rye diet. These results suggest that AR in the adipose tissue should be evaluated as a long-term biomarker of whole grain wheat and rye intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7051, SE-75 007 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.forename: Rikard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landberg
authors.forename: Afaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamal-Eldin
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolk
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vessby
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aman
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001939:Bread; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002523:Edible Grain; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012118:Resorcinols / Q000378:metabolism*; D012434:Secale; D013548:Sweden; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D012118:Resorcinols