The role of adiponectin in reproduction: from polycystic ovary syndrome to assisted reproduction.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the effects of the adipokine adiponectin on the reproductive endocrine system, from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to the gonads and target tissues of the reproductive system.


METHODS
A Medline computer search was performed to identify relevant articles.


METHODS
Research institution.


METHODS
None.


RESULTS
Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that acts to reduce insulin resistance and atherogenic damage, but it also exerts actions in other tissues. Adiponectin mediates its actions in the periphery mainly via two receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. Adiponectin receptors are present in many reproductive tissues, including the central nervous system, ovaries, oviduct, endometrium, and testes. Adiponectin influences gonadotropin release, normal pregnancy, and assisted reproduction outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Adiponectin, a beneficial adipokine, represents a major link between obesity and reproduction. Higher levels of adiponectin are associated with improved menstrual function and better outcomes in assisted reproductive cycles.
Michalakis
Konstantinos G
KG
Reproductive Biology and Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Segars
James H
JH
D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin