title: The effect of plant protein-based diet supplemented with dipeptide or free amino acids on digestive tract morphology and PepT1 and PepT2 expressions in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).
abstract: Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) of average body mass 0.07+/-0.02 g were fed three formulated diets: wheat gluten protein-based diet supplemented with Lys-Gly dipeptide (PP), wheat gluten protein-based diet supplemented with free lysine and glycine (AA), and a wheat gluten protein-based control diet without lysine supplementation (CON), frozen zooplankton (Z) (restricted diet), and a commercial starter food Aglo Norse (AN). After 4 weeks of experimental feeding, fish fed AN diet showed the highest body mass and length. Significantly lower mass occurred in groups fed PP, AA, CON, and Z. Fish fed CON diet showed the lowest intestinal folds and the highest number of mucous cells. Fish fed PP diet showed a significantly higher number of gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK) positive cells. The diameter of lipid vacuoles in hepatocyte cytoplasm of fish fed formulated diets (PP, AA and CON) was significantly higher than in fish fed zooplankton (Z) and the commercial diet (AN). Hepatocytes of fish fed AA and CON showed a higher nucleus proliferation rate than in the other experimental groups. The quantitative analysis of the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3(rabbit polyclonal antibody CPP-32)-positive cells showed that the highest proliferation rate was accompanied by the high apoptosis in the intestine of fish fed AA and CON. After 4 weeks of experimental feeding the highest relative expression of PepT1 gene was observed in fish fed PP diet, while the lowest expression occurred in fish fed CON. Feeding carp plant protein-based diet supplemented with Lys-Gly dipeptide (PP) had a beneficial influence on fish growth and metabolism in the digestive tract as compared to fish fed control diet without lysine supplementation (CON).
authors.affiliation: Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland. teresa_ostaszewska@sggw.pl
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ostaszewska
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dabrowski
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamaszewski
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grochowski
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Verri
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rzepkowska
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolnicki
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002347:Carps / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004151:Dipeptides; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary; C043912:peptide permease