title: Aortic length changes during abdominal aortic aneurysm formation, expansion and stabilisation in a rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Determinants of extracellular matrix (ECM) destruction/reconstruction balance influencing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diameter may impact length.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Document aortic lengthening, its correlation to diameter, and determine how treatments that impact diameter also affect length.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and fifty-five diameter and length measurements were performed in 308 rats during AAA formation, expansion and stabilisation in guinea pig aortas xenografted in rats. Impact of modulation of ECM destructive/reconstructive balance by endovascular Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMCs) seeding, TIMP-1, PAI-1 and TGF-beta1 overexpression on length has been assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Length increased in correlation with diameter during formation (correlation coefficient (cc): 0.584, P<0.0001) and expansion (cc: 0.352, P=0.0055) of AAAs. Overexpression of TIMP-1 and PAI-1 decreased lengthening (P=0.02 and 0.014, respectively) demonstrating that elongation is driven by matrix metalloproteinases and their activation by the plasmin pathway. Overexpression of TGF-beta1 controlled length in formed AAAs (17.3 ± 9.6 vs. 5.9 ± 7.4mm, P=0.022), but not VSMC seeding, although both therapies efficiently prevented further diameter increase. Length and diameter correlation was lost after biotherapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Length increases in correlation with diameter during AAA formation and expansion, as a consequence of ECM injury driven by MMPs activated by the plasmin pathway. Correlation between length and diameter increases is not universally preserved.
authors.affiliation: CNRS EAC 7054, Centre de Recherches Chirurgicales Dominique Chopin, University Paris, 12 Val de Marne, 8 Rue du Général Sarrail, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michineau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gervais
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zidi
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Clowes
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Becquemin
authors.forename: J-B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Allaire
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000473:pathology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1