title: Comparison of several maturation inducing factors in dendritic cell differentiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that have an important role in the initiation of immune response. The use of maturation factors in dendritic cell differentiation provides a promising approach in immunotherapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we compared tumor necrosis factor-α, polyribocytidylic acid, lipopolysacharide and CpG oligonucleotides in inducing dendritic cell maturation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We generated immature dendritic cells with GM-CSF in combination with IL-4 from peripheral blood mononuclear adherent cells and used tumor necrosis factor-α, polyribocytidylic acid, lipopolysacharide and CpG for the induction of dendritic cell maturation. CD83 maturation marker on the dendritic cells was analyzed by flowcytometry after 7 days. In addition, mixed leukocyte reaction between dendritic cells and T cells was performed by MTT proliferation assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow cytometry results demonstrated a comparable high level of CD83 expression on the mature dendritic cells generated by TNF-α, CpG, Poly I:C, and LPS treatment of the immature dendritic cells. However, a significantly poorer proliferation of lymphocytes cocultured with the Poly I:C-treated DCs was observed compared to the CpG-treated DCs in mixed leukocyte reaction (p=0.026). Conversely, a significantly stronger proliferation of lymphocytes was observed when cocultured with TNF-α-treated DCs compared to the LPS-treated DCs (p=0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated that all of studied maturation inducing factors can be used in DC maturation but TNF-α and CpG were the preferred in vitro maturation factors. It is concluded that maturation of dendritic cells by CpG motif and TNF-α can be used to regulate immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. abedianks@razi.tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abediankenari
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yousefzadeh
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azadeh
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vahedi
mesh_terms: D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000187:drug effects; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000097802:CD83 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011070:Poly I-C; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000097802:CD83 Antigen; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide