title: Antifibrotic activity of bevacizumab on human Tenon's fibroblasts in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of the anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody bevacizumab on primary human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) in an in vitro model of wound healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fibroblasts were cultured in RPMI media, and bevacizumab was administered at a concentration ranging from 0.25 to 12.5 mg/mL. Fibroblast viability and cell death were assessed using the MTT colorimetric assay, lactate dehydrogenase assay, BrdU assay, and live/dead assay. Fibroblast contractility was assessed in floating collagen gels. Morphologic changes were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Antifibrosis activities were compared with 5-fluorouracil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bevacizumab induced a significant dose-related reduction of HTF cell number at 12.5 mg/mL at 72 hours (P < 0.05). Under serum-free conditions, bevacizumab induced significant fibroblast cell death at concentrations greater than 7.5 mg/mL (P < 0.05). Bevacizumab caused a moderate inhibition of fibroblast gel contraction from baseline (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed marked vacuolization in bevacizumab-treated fibroblasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bevacizumab disrupted fibroblast proliferation, inhibited collagen gel contraction ability, and induced fibroblast cell death at concentrations greater than 7.5 mg/mL in serum-free conditions. These results demonstrated that bevacizumab inhibited a number of fibrosis activities in culture. These activities may underpin the antifibrosis effect proposed in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia, the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. evelynoneill@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Evelyn C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Queena
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Nicole J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Van Bergen
authors.forename: Paul P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Connell
authors.forename: Sushil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vasudevan
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Coote
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Trounce
authors.forename: Tina T L
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Jonathan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Crowston
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002452:Cell Count; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D058475:Tenon Capsule / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D004247:DNA; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase