Titanium oral implants: surface characteristics, interface biology and clinical outcome.
Bone-anchored titanium implants have revolutionized oral healthcare. Surface properties of oral titanium implants play decisive roles for molecular interactions, cellular response and bone regeneration. Nevertheless, the role of specific surface properties, such as chemical and phase composition and nanoscale features, for the biological in vivo performance remains to be established. Partly, this is due to limited transfer of state-of-the-art preparation techniques to complex three-dimensional geometries, analytical tools and access to minute, intact interfacial layers. As judged by the available results of a few randomized clinical trials, there is no evidence that any particular type of oral implant has superior long-term success. Important insights into the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells, cell-cell communication at the interface and high-resolution imaging of the interface between the surface oxide and the biological host are prerequisites for the understanding of the mechanisms of osseointegration. Strategies for development of the next generation of material surface modifications for compromised tissue are likely to include time and functionally programmed properties, pharmacological modulation and incorporation of cellular components.
Palmquist
Anders
A
BIOMATCELL Vinn Excellence Center for Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden. anders.palmquist@biomaterials.gu.se
Omar
Omar M
OM
Esposito
Marco
M
Lausmaa
Jukka
J
Thomsen
Peter
P
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003757:Dental Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D051381:Rats; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium