title: Nonvisible insufficient subcutaneous reticular venous plexus can be observed through the skin using a new illumination method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insufficient subcutaneous reticular venous plexus (ISRVP) is an overlooked disease because the human eye cannot see many of the insufficient veins.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present a total reticular vision (TRV) method that exposes nonvisible ISRVP to normal vision.
  
  
  METHODS
  TRV used visual-spectrum white and red light of 700 nm and infrared light of 15 to 850 nm from an ultradigital viewer camera. We studied 124 asymptomatic subjects from the general population without visible ISRVP. Another six patients with ISRVP without other venous pathology were compared with six healthy controls, Very low pressure was applied to the proximal thigh, and minimal volume increments on the medial malleolus were photoplethysmographically registered to validate subcutaneous venous reflux.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total reticular vision exposed ISRVP on the lower extremities in 72 of 124 subjects (58%), with observed damaged veins corresponding to more than 90% of nonvisible and 5% of visible portions of ISRVP. Subcutaneous reflux was registered only in patients with ISRVP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total reticular vision exposed more than 90% of nonvisible ISRVP, a new pathology, allowing for the study of its relationship with other superficial venous insufficiencies. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Enfermedades Circulatorias, Tijuana, BC, Mexico. luislobu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Luis Lopez
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bustos
authors.forename: Arnost
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fronek
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lopez-Kapke
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Henriquez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008875:Middle Aged; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue; D014172:Transillumination / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis*