title: TLX activates MASH1 for induction of neuronal lineage commitment of adult hippocampal neuroprogenitors.
abstract: The orphan nuclear receptor TLX has been proposed to act as a repressor of cell cycle inhibitors to maintain the neural stem cells in an undifferentiated state, and prevents commitment into astrocyte lineages. However, little is known about the mechanism of TLX in neuronal lineage commitment and differentiation. A majority of adult rat hippocampus-derived progenitors (AHPs) cultured in the presence of FGF express a high level of TLX and a fraction of these cells also express the proneural gene MASH1. Upon FGF withdrawal, TLX rapidly decreased, while MASH1 was intensely expressed within 1h, decreasing gradually to disappear at 24h. Adenoviral transduction of TLX in AHP cells in the absence of FGF transiently increased cell proliferation, however, later resulted in neuronal differentiation by inducing MASH1, Neurogenin1, DCX, and MAP2ab. Furthermore, TLX directly targets and activates the MASH1 promoter through interaction with Sp1, recruiting co-activators whereas dismissing the co-repressor HDAC4. Conversely, silencing of TLX in AHPs decreased beta-III tubulin and DCX expression and promoted glial differentiation. Our results thus suggest that TLX not only acts as a repressor of cell cycle and glial differentiation but also activates neuronal lineage commitment in AHPs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Muna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elmi
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Zhao-jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Pavithra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lakshminarasimhan
authors.forename: Weiwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moshiri
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Agren
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Funa
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000254:growth & development*; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014404:Tubulin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D014404:Tubulin; C499318:Ascl1 protein, rat; C000714328:DCX protein, human; C000714848:Dcx protein, rat; C489787:MAP2 protein, rat; C554080:NR2E1 protein, rat; C510879:neurogenin-1, rat