title: Radiographic measurement of the cervical spine in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the craniocervical angles and distances between temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and free TMD subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of young adults, of both genders, with age ranging between 18 and 30 years. TMD diagnosis was based on the clinical criteria of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD), associated with self-reported symptoms of TMD. For radiological analysis we measured three angles and two distances of craniocervical region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 56 subjects, only 23 completed all stages of research, which were divided into two groups: (1) free TMD group - composed of 11 individuals; (2) TMD group - constituted of 12 subjects. The most common clinical diagnosis of TMD was arthralgia (75.0%) followed by myofascial pain without limited mouth opening (58.4%). Among the self-reported symptoms of TMD, the most frequents were facial (83.4%) and neck (66.6%) pain. Of radiological measurement, only plane atlas angle (APA) (p=0.026) and anterior translation distance (Tz C(2)-C(7)) (p=0.045) showed statistical difference between groups TMD (APA=16.7+/-1.63; Tz C(2)-C(7)=28.7+/-2.58) and free TMD (APA=21.64+/-1.24; Tz C(2)-C(7)=19.82+/-3.29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It could be verified that the symptomatic TMD patients presented a flexion of the first cervical vertebra associated with an anteriorization of the cervical spine (hyperlordosis).
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Sergipe, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jader Pereira
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: de Farias Neto
authors.forename: Josimari Melo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Santana
authors.forename: Valter Joviniano
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: de Santana-Filho
authors.forename: Lucindo José
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Quintans-Junior
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Lima Ferreira
authors.forename: Leonardo Rigoldi
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bonjardim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008141:Lordosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D009777:Occipital Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011187:Posture; D011859:Radiography; D057566:Self Report; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult