title: A parent training model for toilet training children with autism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Azrin & Foxx pioneered an intensive toilet training protocol for individuals with intellectual disability living in a residential setting. Since the development of the Rapid Toilet Training (RTT) protocol, many have replicated the efficacy, most notably in educational and outpatient treatment settings, but often training over longer periods of time. This study presents data from a parent training model that replicates Azrin and Foxx's results and training time.
  
  
  METHODS
  This multiple baseline across subjects design study employs an ABA design where two boys diagnosed with autism were toilet trained using a modified Azrin & Foxx intensive teaching protocol. The first subject, a 4-year-old boy, did not have a history of attempted toilet training. The second subject, a 6-year-old boy, demonstrated a history of failed toilet training attempts in both the home and school settings. The trainings were conducted in the home setting where a novel parent-training approach was implemented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participant 1 was continent at the end of the second day of training, and completely toilet trained (including initiation and communication) by day 10 of the intervention. Participant 2 was continent after day 1 and completely toilet trained by day 5 of the intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term follow-up demonstrates maintenance of skills 3 years post training. Social validity via parent satisfaction was assessed. Limitations to the current study and recommendations for future research were discussed.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Kelly O'Leary Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Kimberly.Kroeger-Geoppinger@cchmc.org
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kroeger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sorensen
mesh_terms: D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D004493:Education / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005794:Generalization, Response; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014040:Token Economy