title: Adipose tissue distribution in children: automated quantification using water and fat MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and validate a method for rapid acquisition and automated processing of magnetic resonance (MR) images for analysis of abdominal adipose tissue distribution in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 21 (10 girls, 11 boys) healthy 5-year-old children. Rapid water and fat MR imaging (6 sec) was performed using a 2-point-Dixon technique on a 1.5T MR scanner using an 8-channel cardiac coil. An automated image processing algorithm was developed for automated segmentation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), respectively. The results from the fully automated analysis were compared to those from a semiautomated analysis, performed by three operators, from the same images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The automated analysis was seen to give results with strong correlation to the reference measurements (r >or= 0.997); however, the SAT volume was underestimated by 9.4 +/- 3.8%. The accuracy of the automated segmentation of VAT and SAT (TP: true positive, FP: false positive, mean +/- SD, %) was TP: 83.6 +/- 8.5, FP: 12.7 +/- 6.8; and TP: 89.9 +/- 3.6, FP: 0.7 +/- 0.3, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A method for rapid imaging and fully automated postprocessing of abdominal adipose tissue distribution is presented. The method allows robust and time-efficient measurement of adipose tissue distribution in young children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kullberg
authors.forename: Ann-Katrine
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Eira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stokland
authors.forename: Pär-Arne
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: Jovanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dahlgren
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000465:Algorithms; D050218:Body Fat Distribution / Q000379:methods; D001834:Body Water; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000033:anatomy & histology