title: The impact of cultural characteristics on colorectal cancer screening adherence among Filipinos in the United States: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies on colorectal cancer screening among specific Asian American groups are limited despite the fact that Asians are comprised of culturally distinct subgroups. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of cultural characteristics on colorectal cancer screening adherence among Filipinos in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventeen Filipino men and women aged 50 years or older participated in the cross-section research design. Lifetime proportion of immigration, language preference and cultural beliefs of personal control regarding health outcomes measured cultural characteristics. Demographic and healthcare variables were also measured to describe the study sample. Participant recruitment employed culturally responsive sampling methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant association between language preference and screening. Likewise, perceived personal internal control of health outcome was not related to screening. However, personal external control revealed a marginally significant association. The percent of lifetime residence in the United States was significantly greater among those who were adherent to screening than those who were not adherent. After adjusting for demographic and healthcare variables, the relationship between length of immigration and screening adherence was no longer significant. Finally, age and doctor's recommendation showed significant impact on colorectal cancer screening adherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study adds to the knowledge regarding cultural factors associated with colorectal cancer screening behaviors among Filipino Americans. Future research is needed to confirm findings that will be useful in developing culturally appropriate strategies to increase screening adherence.
authors.affiliation: California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University, Alhambra, CA 91803, USA. rferrer@alliant.edu
authors.forename: Rizaldy R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Marizen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Beckman
authors.forename: Leda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Danao
authors.forename: Kimlin T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Ashing-Giwa
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001213:Asian / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D010679:Philippines / Q000208:ethnology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States