title: Thiazolidinediones, cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality: translating research into action for diabetes (TRIAD).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have associated thiazolidinedione (TZD) treatment with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and questioned whether the two available TZDs, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, have different CVD risks. We compared CVD incidence, cardiovascular (CV), and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetic patients treated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone as their only TZD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed survey, medical record, administrative, and National Death Index (NDI) data from 1999 through 2003 from Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD), a prospective observational study of diabetes care in managed care. Medications, CV procedures, and CVD were determined from health plan (HP) administrative data, and mortality was from NDI. Adjusted hazard rates (AHR) were derived from Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, history of diabetic nephropathy, history of CVD, insulin use, and HP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across TRIAD's 10 HPs, 1,815 patients (24%) filled prescriptions for a TZD, 773 (10%) for only rosiglitazone, 711 (10%) for only pioglitazone, and 331 (4%) for multiple TZDs. In the seven HPs using both TZDs, 1,159 patients (33%) filled a prescription for a TZD, 564 (16%) for only rosiglitazone, 334 (10%) for only pioglitazone, and 261 (7%) for multiple TZDs. For all CV events, CV, and all-cause mortality, we found no significant difference between rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this relatively small, prospective, observational study, we found no statistically significant differences in CV outcomes for rosiglitazone- compared to pioglitazone-treated patients. There does not appear to be a pattern of clinically meaningful differences in CV outcomes for rosiglitazone- versus pioglitazone-treated patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Dori
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bilik
authors.forename: Laura N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: McEwen
authors.forename: Morton B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Joe V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Karter
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Marrero
authors.forename: Victoria C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: Chien-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Carol M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mangione
authors.forename: Norman L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Lasser
authors.forename: Jesse C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Crosson
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Herman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D000077205:Pioglitazone