title: Quality of life after endoscopic third ventriculostomy and cerebrospinal fluid shunting: an adjusted multivariable analysis in a large cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quality of life (QOL) studies comparing treatment with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and CSF shunting are very limited. The authors compared QOL outcomes following these 2 treatments in a large cohort of children with hydrocephalus by using multivariable statistical techniques to adjust for possible confounder variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  The families of children between 5 and 18 years of age with previously treated hydrocephalus at 3 Canadian pediatric neurosurgery centers completed measures of QOL: the Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire (HOQ) and the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3). Medical records and recent brain imaging studies were reviewed. A linear regression analysis was performed with the QOL measures as the dependent variable. In multivariable analyses, the authors assessed the independent effect of initial hydrocephalus treatment (ETV vs shunting) while adjusting for the treatment center, current patient age, age at initial treatment, etiology of hydrocephalus, total number of days spent in the hospital for initial treatment, total number of days spent in the hospital for subsequent hydrocephalus complications, functioning ETV at follow-up assessment, frequency of seizures, and current ventricle size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 603 patients were available for analysis. Fifty-eight patients had undergone ETV as their primary treatment and 545 had undergone CSF shunting. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy patients were slightly younger at the follow-up assessment, were older at the first surgery, and spent fewer days in the hospital for hydrocephalus complications. Without adjustment for any confounders, treatment with ETV was associated with significantly higher HOQ physical scores and HUI3 scores. After multivariable adjustment, however, there was no significant difference in any outcome measure. A functioning ETV at the time of the follow-up assessment was not significant in any model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with either ETV or CSF shunting does not appear to be associated with any substantial difference in QOL outcome after adjusting for prognostic factors. Further study is needed to definitively determine the relative QOL benefit of either procedure, if any.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. abhaya.kulkarni@sickkids.ca
authors.forename: Abhaya V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Iffat
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shams
authors.forename: D Douglas
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: P Daniel
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: McNeely
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001955:British Columbia; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology*; D009864:Ontario; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020542:Third Ventricle / Q000601:surgery*; D014696:Ventriculostomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology*