title: What happens to work if you're unwell? Beliefs and attitudes of managers and employees with musculoskeletal pain in a public sector setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Musculoskeletal complaints can impact on work in terms of productivity, sickness absence and long term incapacity for work. While employee attitudes and knowledge can drive absenteeism and presenteeism behaviour, managers also play an important role in influencing this via the quality of their relationships with employees and their role in implementing organisational policies and procedures. The aims of this study were to investigate the beliefs and attitudes of managers and employees with musculoskeletal pain about sickness absence, presenteeism, and return to work and to identify areas of consensus and conflict.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 employees with musculoskeletal pain and 20 managers from two large public sector organisations in South Wales, UK, took part in individual face-to-face interviews. Data were analysed thematically using NVivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Employees' and managers' reports indicated that there was a strong culture of presenteeism in these organisations. Establishing the legitimacy of complaints was a salient theme for both managers and employees, although their views were in conflict. Employees reported feeling that contact with employers was intrusive when sickness absence was legitimate. Managers were supportive of those who they felt were 'genuinely' unwell, but also cited examples of people 'working the system' and not reporting absences appropriately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These issues require careful consideration of the rights and responsibilities of both employees and employers, where strategies for improving communication, trust, and creating an environment conducive to successful return to work need to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK. g.wynne-jones@cphc.keele.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gwenllian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wynne-Jones
authors.forename: Rhiannon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Porteous
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Button
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Main
authors.forename: Ceri J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016134:Organizational Policy; D010559:Personnel Management; D017150:Public Sector; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult