title: The mechanisms of cytotoxicity of urethane dimethacrylate to Chinese hamster ovary cells.
abstract: Monomers released from resin-containing products may cause various adverse effects. Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) is a principal resin monomer and also a major component released from various dental resin materials. Thus the toxic effects and mechanisms should be elucidated for improving of its safety use. Here we investigated the effects of UDMA on the growth, cell cycle progression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and glutathione (GSH) alteration in CHO-K1 cells, and the preventive effects by antioxidants (NAC and catalase) were also evaluated. UDMA elicited growth inhibition (>0.025 mm) of CHO-K1 cells in a clearly dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle perturbation and ROS overproduction were also observed. A 0.1 mm UDMA-induced S-phase cell cycle arrest and ROS accumulation. Cell apoptosis and necrosis became significant when UDMA concentration was 0.25 mm. GSH depletion occurred at cells treated with 0.25 mm UDMA, a highly cytotoxic concentration at which point myriad cells were under apoptosis or necrosis. Thus GSH depletion can be crucial for the death of CHO-K1 cells. Furthermore NAC (0.5-10 mm) and catalase (250-1000 U/ml) obviously attenuated the UDMA-induced toxicity by reducing ROS generation and cell cycle disturbance, and the effects were dose-related. These results suggest that UDMA toxicity is associated with ROS production, GSH depletion, cell cycle disturbance and cell apoptosis/necrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, No. 1 Chang-Te Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Hua
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Mei-Chi
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Li-Deh
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jang-Jaer
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tong-Mei
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chun-Hsun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ting-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hsueh-Jen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jiiang-Huei
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016466:CHO Cells; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008689:Methacrylates; D011140:Polyurethanes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C029824:urethane dimethacrylate luting resin; D002374:Catalase; D005978:Glutathione