title: Bowel habits in the first 24 months of life: preterm- versus term-born infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  New prospective studies concerning feeding and bowel habits of term and preterm infants from birth to 24 months of life are needed. The aim of the present study was to describe and compare feeding and bowel habits between term- and preterm-born infants starting from birth up to the age of 24 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August and November 2006 all of the infants admitted to an academic and nonacademic neonatal care unit with gestational age 25 to 42 weeks participated in the study. Bowel diaries were recorded 1 and 2 weeks, and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after birth. Infants with gastrointestinal surgery, neurological diseases, metabolic diseases, or congenital abnormalities were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 199 (126 preterm) infants were eligible; 153 gave consent for participation. Although feeding frequency was higher in the first 3 months in the preterm born, overall feeding frequency decreased between the first 3 follow-up periods (P < 0.001) in both groups. In the first and second week, breast-fed infants had 2.41 more episodes of defecation per week compared with the formula-fed infants (P = 0.017 and P = 0.021, respectively). Higher median (10th percentile-90th percentile) defecation frequency was only found in week 1 in the term compared with the preterm group (24 [9.4-31.6] versus 16 [6.5-31]; P = 0.002). The overall median defecation frequency was 16 (7-30) per week from birth up to the age of 24 months over the total group of participating infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Term and preterm infants have a comparable defecation frequency from the second week of life up to the age of 24 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. N.Bekkali@amc.nl
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bekkali
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Moesker
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Toledo
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Reitsma
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hamers
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Valerio
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Benninga
mesh_terms: D001903:Bottle Feeding; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003672:Defecation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D047929:Term Birth