title: Randomized comparison of long-term desmopressin and alarm treatment for bedwetting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of long-term primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) treatment using desmopressin versus enuresis alarm.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-month randomized trial was performed with patients from 29 enuresis clinics: 251 patients ≥ 5 years in age with severe PNE (mean 5.5-5.6 wet nights/week) were randomized to desmopressin (0.2-0.4 mg daily) or alarm. Efficacy was assessed by percentage reduction in mean number of wet nights/week; patients achieving dryness, mean initial duration of sleep and compliance were evaluated. Efficacy analyses were performed using the intent-to-treat population (all patients) and excluding patients who withdrew; 12-month follow-up data were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data could not be evaluated for the 32% of alarm patients and 7% of desmopressin patients who withdrew early. In intent-to-treat analyses, a similar proportion of patients across groups showed a ≥ 50% reduction in wet nights/week (desmopressin: 37.5%, alarm: 32.2%) and achieved dryness (desmopressin: 32%, alarm: 37%). Compliance was higher with desmopressin: 95-98% of patients took >75% of tablets; 50-78% used alarm >75% of nights. Initial sleep duration was 1.02 h longer at the end of treatment with desmopressin (95% CI: 0.045, 1.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Desmopressin and alarm demonstrated comparable efficacy in the treatment of PNE. Withdrawal from the alarm group was high, indicating the importance of considering family motivation before selecting treatment, for optimal outcome.
authors.affiliation: Children's Renal & Urology Unit, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK. jonathan.evans@nuh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malmsten
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maddocks
authors.forename: Harbans Singh
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Popli
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lottmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D050034:Antidiuretic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D056902:Clinical Alarms / Q000009:adverse effects; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012890:Sleep; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D050034:Antidiuretic Agents; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin