title: International practices in the provision of teratology information: a survey of international teratogen information programmes and comparisons with the North American model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Teratology Information Services (TIS) provide health care professionals and the public with information regarding the safety and/or risk of exposures during pregnancy and lactation, mainly via telephone consultations. An international comparison of clinical practices at TIS has never been conducted. The survey objective was to compare international TIS to North American TIS, with an aim to identify strengths and challenges that can lead to service improvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two international TIS were approached for participation during an international conference. TIS were surveyed on information in six categories: services, staffing, operations, data collection, knowledge transfer activities and additional information. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Statistical tests were conducted using SPSS®.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen TIS from 12 countries participated. Survey results were compared with previously reported results from a similar survey of North American TIS (16 US, two Canadian). TIS exist in a variety of departments and settings, but most commonly are in university hospitals. Pregnant women were the most commonly counselled group worldwide. International TIS spent significantly more time fielding inquiries regarding medications, while North American TIS had a wider variety of inquiry categories. All TIS could improve budget tracking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, service practices and goals were similar, although international TIS conducted more follow-up with service users than North American TIS. This report offers TIS the first ever opportunity to compare practices. Increased dialogue between TIS encourages sharing of best practices and improves the ability of these important public health programmes to support women and health care providers.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Institute of Medical Science, Department of Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. rebecca.hancock@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: Wendy J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Ungar
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Einarson
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koren
mesh_terms: D003376:Counseling; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D038622:Internationality; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009656:North America; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D018600:Teratology