title: Patient with pontine warning syndrome and bilateral posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia: case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Capsular warning syndrome was first described in 1993, featured with repetitive episodes of motor and/or sensory dysfunction without cortical signs. Recently, it has been demonstrated that clinically typical capsular warning syndrome can be associated with pontine infarct and the term oepontine warning syndrome was coined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 54-year-old woman with a history of hypertension was seen with profound left-sided hemiplegia. She had had 3 episodes of left-sided weakness before complete hemiplegia. Her speech was slurred. Left central facial palsy and hemiglossoplegia were presented. Her left plantar response was extensor and bilateral posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia was seen on neurologic examination. Biochemical tests revealed hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia on the next day. MRI demonstrated an acute right paramedian pontine infarct. The patient was commenced on oral clopidogrel, atorvastatin and acarbose. After 23 days of hospitalization, she was discharged with severe left hemiplegia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) Pontine warning syndrome may be underestimated and understudied. 2) Posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia is a rare clinical sign in cerebrovascular diseases, while it can help to locate a brainstem lesion rather than an internal capsular one. 3) Blood pressure lowering administration may be improper for patients with pontine warning syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China. hhw2002@sohu.com
authors.forename: Hai Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shen Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Shuang Quan
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Li Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011149:Pons / Q000473:pathology; D013577:Syndrome