title: Bicyclic triterpenoid Iripallidal induces apoptosis and inhibits Akt/mTOR pathway in glioma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The highly resistant nature of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) to chemotherapy prompted us to evaluate the efficacy of bicyclic triterpenoid Iripallidal against GBM in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of Iripallidal on proliferation and apoptosis in glioma cell lines was evaluated by MTS, colony formation and caspase-3 activity. The effect of iripallidal to regulate (i) Akt/mTOR and STAT3 signaling (ii) molecules associated with cell cycle and DNA damage was evaluated by Western blot analysis. The effect of Iripallidal on telomerase activity was also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Iripallidal (i) induced apoptosis, (ii) inhibited Akt/mTOR and STAT3 signaling, (iii) altered molecules associated with cell cycle and DNA damage, (iv) inhibited telomerase activity and colony forming efficiency of glioma cells. In addition, Iripallidal displayed anti-proliferative activity against non-glioma cancer cell lines of diverse origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability of Iripallidal to serve as a dual-inhibitor of Akt/mTOR and STAT3 signaling warrants further investigation into its role as a therapeutic strategy against GBM.
authors.affiliation: National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India. ellora@nbrc.ac.in
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koul
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Deobrat
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.forename: Sadashib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Ellora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019098:Telomerase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C439953:26-hydroxy-22-methylcycloirid-16-enal; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D000171:Acrolein; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019098:Telomerase; D053148:Caspase 3