title: Development of secondary T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a child with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
abstract: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe life-threatening disorder, characterized by hyperactivation of macrophages. A 12-year-old female was referred to our center; the diagnosis of HLH was made for the patient and immunosuppressive regimen was started. After a 2-year follow-up, the patient developed secondary T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), confirmed by flow cytometric studies. Treatment was started based on T-ALL protocol, but the patient died because of relapse and sepsis. This case highlights the issue of secondary malignancy following HLH and demonstrates the need for continued follow-up in such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran. shamsianb@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Bibi Shahin
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Shamsian
authors.forename: Atoosa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gharib
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rezaei
authors.forename: Shadi Abdar
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Esfahani
authors.forename: Samin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alavi
authors.forename: Kourosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goudarzipour
authors.forename: Mohammad Taghi
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Arzanian
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051359:Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic / Q000150:complications*; D054218:Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000209:etiology*