title: Lipopeptide-adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus virosomes: A safe and immunogenic non-replicating vaccine formulation.
abstract: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe respiratory disease in children and the elderly. There is no registered RSV vaccine. Early experimental non-replicating vaccines have been found to exacerbate RSV symptoms upon infection causing enhanced respiratory disease. Here we show that immunization of mice with reconstituted virosomes produced from RSV envelopes and containing the lipopeptide adjuvant (P3CSK4), induces high-titer virus-neutralizing antibodies, and the secretion of IFN-gamma through both MHC-I and MHC-II presentation of antigen, with a balanced Th1/Th2 profile. Immunization with RSV virosomes provides sterilizing immunity to virus challenge in mice and cotton rats, while not producing symptoms of enhanced disease. Therefore, these virosomes represent a promising candidate inactivated RSV vaccine formulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Toon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stegmann
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamphuis
authors.forename: Tjarko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meijerhof
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goud
authors.forename: Aalzen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Haan
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilschut
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D051381:Rats; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022261:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000276:immunology; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D022701:Virosomes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D055666:Lipopeptides; D022261:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D022701:Virosomes; D007371:Interferon-gamma