title: Design, development, and validation of a take-home simulator for fundamental laparoscopic skills: using Nintendo Wii for surgical training.
abstract: Assuring quality surgical trainees within the confines of reduced work hours mandates reassessment of educational paradigms. Surgical simulators have been shown to be effective in teaching surgical residents, but their use is limited by cost and time constraints. The Nintendo Wii gaming console is inexpensive and allows natural hand movements similar to those performed in laparoscopy to guide game play. We hypothesize that surgical skills can be improved through take-home simulators adapted from affordable off-the-shelf gaming consoles. A total of 21 surgical residents participated in a prospective, controlled study. An experimental group of 14 surgical residents was assigned to play Marble Mania on the Nintendo Wii using a unique physical controller that interfaces with the WiiMote controller followed by a simulated electrocautery task. Seven residents assigned to the control group performed the electrocautery task without playing the game first. When compared with the control group, the experimental group performed the task with fewer errors and superior movement proficiency (P < 0.05). The experimental group demonstrated increased ambidexterity with improvement in proficiency of the nondominant hand over time. In conclusion, the Nintendo Wii gaming device along with Marble Mania serves as an effective take-home surgical simulator.
authors.affiliation: Phoenix Integrated Surgical Residency, Phoenix, Arizona 85006, USA. raviabokhari@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ravia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bokhari
authors.forename: Jyoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bollman-McGregor
authors.forename: Kanav
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kahoi
authors.forename: Marshall
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Ara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feinstein
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferrara
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010535:Laparoscopy; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D018910:Video Games