title: Acetyl-L-carnitine for alcohol craving and relapse prevention in anhedonic alcoholics: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC), at different doses, in relapse prevention and craving in anhedonic detoxified alcohol-dependent subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study in 64 alcohol-dependent anhedonic patients: 23 received ALC at a dose of 3 g/day, 21 received ALC at a dosage of 1 g/day and 20 were given placebo. Intensity of alcohol craving was evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale. Subjects were evaluated at the beginning of treatment and after 10, 30, 60 and 90 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival analysis showed that patients treated with ALC remained completely abstinent for longer than those treated with placebo (Z = -2.27; P < 0.05). From the 10th day onwards, a greater reduction of craving was observed in the ALC 1 g group than with placebo (P = 0.035). The two groups did not differ in the percentage of subjects remaining abstinent for the entire study period or the number of subjects who relapsed (defined as five or more standard drinks (four for women) on a single occasion or drinking on five or more days in 1 week).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that ALC can reduce craving and the time to first drink. ALC use was safe. Further studies are needed to clarify to confirm, over longer periods, these short-term outcome benefits.
authors.affiliation: Clinica “Villa Maria Pia”, Rome, Italy. giovanni.martinotti@libero.it
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martinotti
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reina
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Nicola
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tedeschi
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ortolani
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.forename: Emerenziana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iannoni
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: D'Iddio
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janiri
mesh_terms: D000108:Acetylcarnitine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013695:Temperance / Q000523:psychology* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D000108:Acetylcarnitine