title: Oncologic results of laparoscopic renal cryoablation for clinical T1a tumors: 8 years of experience in a single institution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic renal cryoablation (LRC) for small renal masses (SRMs) <4 cm.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was an observational, retrospective analysis of LRC in 123 patients. The indications for LRC were solid SRMs of the kidney <4 cm in diameter diagnosed on preoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging as an enhancing mass. Follow-up was determined using magnetic resonance imaging. Local recurrence after LRC was defined as an enlarging or persistently enhancing treatment site on follow-up imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 131 SRMs in 123 patients (91 men and 32 women) were treated from September 2000 to June 2008. The mean tumor size was 2.14 ± 0.86 cm (range 0.5-4). Biopsy cores from the 123 patients revealed clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in 69 patients (56.1%), papillary RCC in 8 (6.53%), chromophobe RCC in 3 (2.4%), mucinous, tubular, and spindle RCC in 1 (0.8%), oncocytoma in 27 (21.9%), angiomyolipoma in 5 (4.1%), and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in 1 patient (0.8%). The biopsy findings were nondiagnostic (fibrotic/necrotic tissue) in 9 cases (7.3%). The mean follow-up was 46.04 ± 25.75 months (median 41, range 12-96). In 44 patients with RCC and a mean follow-up of 61.3 ± 13.76 months, the cancer-specific survival rate was 100% and the overall survival rate was 93.2%. None of the 53 patients (RCC plus those with nonmalignant lesions) who had follow-up >5 years developed radiographic recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings have confirmed that LRC can be considered a safe and intermediate-term effective method to treat SRMs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Hospital, Turro, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guazzoni
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cestari
authors.forename: Nicolòmaria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buffi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lughezzani
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nava
authors.forename: Gianpiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardone
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balconi
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazzeri
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montorsi
authors.forename: Patrizio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rigatti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome