title: Electroencephalographic recordings in dogs: Prevention of muscle artifacts and evaluation of two activation techniques in healthy individuals.
abstract: This study was performed to improve a standard anesthetic protocol for electroencephalography (EEG) in dogs and to evaluate the effect of photic stimulation and hyperventilation on the EEG of healthy dogs. Ten clinically and neurologically normal beagle dogs were anesthetized with propofol given intravenously with average doses of 7.5mg/kg for induction and 0.37mg/kg/min constant rate infusion for maintenance. Rocuronium bromide (0.4mg/kg IV) was used as a peripheral muscle relaxant in order to prevent muscle artifacts. EEGs were recorded digitally using five subdermal needle electrodes. Photic stimulation and hyperventilation were performed to evaluate two activation techniques commonly used in human EEG recording methods. Monopolar and bipolar montages were analyzed visually and quantitatively. The use of rocuronium produced muscle artifact-free EEG recordings during the given recording procedure which indicates that rocuronium is a valuable adjunct to anesthesia during EEG recording. Photic stimulation and hyperventilation did not provoke paroxysmal discharges in the EEG of healthy dogs. Analysis of quantitative EEG data showed that background activity did not differ significantly between periods with and without stimulation. This data are important basic values and will further help to compare the effects of photic stimulation and hyperventilation of healthy dogs and those suffering from epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany. christina.brauer@tiho-hannover.de
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brauer
authors.forename: Sabine B R
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kästner
authors.forename: Henning C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tünsmeyer
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tipold
mesh_terms: D000732:Androstanols / Q000494:pharmacology; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006985:Hyperventilation; D008297:Male; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D000077123:Rocuronium
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D000777:Anesthetics; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D000077123:Rocuronium