title: Human enterovirus 109: a novel interspecies recombinant enterovirus isolated from a case of acute pediatric respiratory illness in Nicaragua.
abstract: Enteroviruses (Picornaviridae family) are a common cause of human illness worldwide and are associated with diverse clinical syndromes, including asymptomatic infection, respiratory illness, gastroenteritis, and meningitis. In this study, we report the identification and complete genome sequence of a novel enterovirus isolated from a case of acute respiratory illness in a Nicaraguan child. Unbiased deep sequencing of nucleic acids from a nose and throat swab sample enabled rapid recovery of the full-genome sequence. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that human enterovirus 109 (EV109) is most closely related to serotypes of human enterovirus species C (HEV-C) in all genomic regions except the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR). Bootstrap analysis indicates that the 5' UTR of EV109 is likely the product of an interspecies recombination event between ancestral members of the HEV-A and HEV-C groups. Overall, the EV109 coding region shares 67 to 72% nucleotide sequence identity with its nearest relatives. EV109 isolates were detected in 5/310 (1.6%) of nose and throat swab samples collected from children in a pediatric cohort study of influenza-like illness in Managua, Nicaragua, between June 2007 and June 2008. Further experimentation is required to more fully characterize the pathogenic role, disease associations, and global distribution of EV109.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Yozwiak
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skewes-Cox
authors.forename: Aubree
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Saira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saborio
authors.forename: Guillermina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuan
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balmaseda
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ganem
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: DeRisi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009527:Nicaragua; D009666:Nose / Q000821:virology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral