title: Clinical profile of adult cystic fibrosis patients with frequent epidemic clones of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Earlier reports suggested that Pseudomonas aeruginosa frequent epidemic clones circulating in cystic fibrosis (CF) centres had increased virulence. However, recent data show no consistent associations with virulence, and suggest attenuation of virulence in chronic infection. Changes to infection control programmes in relation to frequent epidemic clones should be based on their frequency, virulence across all age groups and mode of acquisition. The Australian epidemic strain-1 (AES-1) (or the Melbourne epidemic strain) and AES-2 are common in CF clinics in mainland eastern Australia, but not in the environment. Both have shown increased virulence, but there are no data specifically in adults. This study examines the frequency and virulence of P. aeruginosa frequent epidemic clones in the adult CF clinic at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and fifty-eight P. aeruginosa isolates from 112 participants were genotyped by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Ninety-eight patients were followed up for 1 year and associations sought between infection with a frequent epidemic clone, clinical outcome and antibiotic resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four frequent P. aeruginosa epidemic clones (AES-1, AES-2, S-1, S-2) affected almost 50% of participants. AES-1 predominated (38%). AES-1, AES-2 and S-1 were associated with increased exacerbations and hospital-admission days. AES-1 showed increased resistance to aminoglycosides and ticarcillin-clavulanate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the potential threat of frequent P. aeruginosa epidemic clones in adult CF populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Pholawat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tingpej
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elkins
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Honghua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Carmel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moriarty
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manos
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barras
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bye
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harbour
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002969:Clavulanic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002999:Clone Cells; D015897:Comorbidity; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D020615:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013982:Ticarcillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002969:Clavulanic Acids; C043215:ticarcillin-clavulanic acid; D013982:Ticarcillin