title: Diagnosis and treatment of congestive heart failure secondary to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a kinkajou (Potos flavus).
abstract: An adult castrated male pet kinkajou (Potos flavus) presented with dyspnea due to congestive heart failure and was diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and suspected pulmonary arterial hypertension. Diagnosis was based on history, clinical signs, clinical pathology, radiographs, abdominal ultrasonography, abdominal fluid analysis, electrocardiography, and echocardiogram. An undetermined hepatopathy also was found at presentation and resolved after metronidazole antimicrobial treatment. Cardiopulmonary medical treatment, including a loop diuretic, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a bronchodilator provided improvement of the clinical signs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of antemortem diagnosis and treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiomyopathy in a member of the family Procyonidae, suggesting that HCM should be considered as a differential diagnosis in kinkajous displaying clinical signs of dyspnea and exercise intolerance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. dreshard@gmail.com
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eshar
authors.forename: Gordon D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Peddle
authors.forename: Jeleen A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Briscoe
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005665:Furosemide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045988:Procyonidae
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D008795:Metronidazole; D005665:Furosemide