The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency strategic plan for evaluating the toxicity of chemicals.
In the 2007 report Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences envisioned a major transition in toxicity testing from cumbersome, expensive, and lengthy in vivo testing with qualitative endpoints, to in vitro robotic high-throughput screening with mechanistic quantitative parameters. Recognizing the need for agencies to partner and collaborate to ensure global harmonization, standardization, quality control and information sharing, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is leading by example and has established an intra-agency Future of Toxicity Testing Workgroup (FTTW). This workgroup has produced an ambitious blueprint for incorporating this new scientific paradigm to change the way chemicals are screened and evaluated for toxicity. Four main components of this strategy are discussed, as follows: (1) the impact and benefits of various types of regulatory activities, (2) chemical screening and prioritization, (3) toxicity pathway-based risk assessment, and (4) institutional transition. The new paradigm is predicated on the discovery of molecular perturbation pathways at the in vitro level that predict adverse health effects from xenobiotics exposure, and then extrapolating those events to the tissue, organ, or whole organisms by computational models. Research on these pathways will be integrated and compiled using the latest technology with the cooperation of global agencies, industry, and other stakeholders. The net result will be that chemical toxicity screening will become more efficient and cost-effective, include real-world exposure assessments, and eliminate currently used uncertainty factors.
Firestone
Michael
M
Office of Children's Health Protection and Environmental Education, US Environmental Protection Agency.
Kavlock
Robert
R
Zenick
Hal
H
Kramer
Melissa
M
D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D009307:National Academy of Sciences, U.S.; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency
D004785:Environmental Pollutants