title: Central and peripheral anti-inflammatory effects of maprotiline on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the site of action of maprotiline, as an atypical antidepressant, on carrageenan-induced paw edema.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Firstly, the anti-inflammatory effect of systemic maprotiline (12.5, 25 and 50 mg kg(-1)) was assessed using a paw edema model. Secondly, different doses of maprotiline were administrated intracerebroventricularly, intrathecally and locally before carrageenan challenge. Finally, we tried to reverse the anti-inflammatory effect of maprotiline by propranolol (10 mg kg(-1)), prazosin (4 mg kg(-1)), yohimbine (10 mg kg(-1)), naloxone (4 mg kg(-1)) and mifepristone (5 mg kg(-1)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systemic, intracerebroventricular and subplantar application of maprotiline significantly inhibited peripheral edema, but intrathecal maprotiline did not alter the degree of paw swelling. The applied antagonists failed to change the anti-inflammatory activity of maprotiline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that maprotiline has a potent anti-inflammatory effect and this effect is linked to the peripheral and supraspinal actions of the drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hajhashemi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minaiyan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Movahedian
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talebi
mesh_terms: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism; D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D008376:Maprotiline / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015735:Mifepristone / Q000378:metabolism; D009270:Naloxone / Q000378:metabolism; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism; D011224:Prazosin / Q000378:metabolism; D011433:Propranolol / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D008376:Maprotiline; D015016:Yohimbine; D015735:Mifepristone; D009270:Naloxone; D002351:Carrageenan; D011433:Propranolol; D011224:Prazosin; D007213:Indomethacin