title: Abnormal frontostriatal interactions in people with prodromal signs of psychosis: a multimodal imaging study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission and function of the prefrontal cortex are thought to be central to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, but the relationship between these factors in the development of psychosis is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between striatal dopamine activity and prefrontal function in people at ultra high risk of psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a working memory (N-back) task. Positron emission tomography with fluorine 18-labeled fluorodopa was used to investigate presynaptic striatal dopamine activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient service for people with prodromal signs of psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four subjects participated in the study: 14 healthy volunteers and 20 subjects with an at-risk mental state (ARMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional brain activation (blood oxygen level-dependent response), Ki for [(18)F]fluorodopa uptake, and objective ratings of psychopathology at the time of scanning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the associative part of the striatum, the Ki for [(18)F]fluorodopa was higher in the ARMS group than in the controls. During the N-back task, ARMS subjects displayed less activation in the right middle frontal gyrus, the medial frontal gyri, and the left superior parietal lobule than controls. The Ki for [(18)F]fluorodopa was positively correlated with activation in the right middle frontal gyrus in controls but negatively correlated with activation in this region in the ARMS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In people with prodromal signs of psychosis, there are direct correlations between altered prefrontal cortical function and subcortical dopamine synthesis capacity, consistent with the notion that frontostriatal interactions play a critical role in the pathoetiology of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Psychosis Clinical Academic Group PO67, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE58AF, England. p.fusar@libero.it
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fusar-Poli
authors.forename: Oliver D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Howes
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Broome
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Valli
authors.forename: Marie-Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Asselin
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Grasby
authors.forename: Philip K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: McGuire
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C043437:fluorodopa F 18; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine; D010100:Oxygen; D004298:Dopamine