title: Phase II trial of full-dose gemcitabine and bevacizumab in combination with attenuated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in patients with localized pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate response rate, survival, and toxicity in patients with nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine, bevacizumab, and radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received three cycles of therapy over 10 weeks. In total, treatment consisted of intravenous (IV) gemcitabine, 1,000 mg/m(2), every 1 to 2 weeks (7 doses), IV bevacizumab, 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks (5 doses), and 36 Gy of radiotherapy (2.4-Gy fractions during cycle two). Response was assessed by cross-sectional imaging and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) levels. Patients with resectable tumors underwent surgery 6 to 8 weeks after the last dose of bevacizumab. Maintenance gemcitabine and bevacizumab doses were delivered to patients who had unresected tumors and no progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight of the 32 enrolled patients completed all three cycles. The median follow-up was 11.07 months. Most grade 3 or 4 toxicities occurred in the initial treatment phase; the most frequent toxicities were leukopenia (21%), neutropenia (17%), and nausea (17%). At week 10, 1 patient (4%) had a complete response, 2 patients (7%) had partial responses, 21 patients (75%) had stable disease, and 4 patients (14%) had progressive disease. The median pretreatment and posttreatment CA 19-9 levels (25 patients) were 184.3 and 57.9 U/ml, respectively (p = 0.0006). One of 10 patients proceeding to surgery experienced a major complication. Two of 6 patients undergoing resection had complete pathologic responses. The median progression-free and overall survival durations were 9.9 months and 11.8 months, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of full-dose gemcitabine, bevacizumab, and radiotherapy was active and was not associated with a high rate of major surgical complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. wsmall@nmff.org
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: Mary F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mulcahy
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rademaker
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bentrem
authors.forename: Al B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Bing Bing
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Weitner
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Talamonti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000209:etiology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D012074:Remission Induction / Q000379:methods; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000093542:Gemcitabine