title: Cocaine reverses the changes in GABAA subunits and in glutamic acid decarboxylase isoenzymes mRNA expression induced by neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine.
abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is related to altered functions in the dopaminergic and GABAergic pathways of cortical and subcortical brain areas The hyperactivity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is commonly modelled in rats after neonatal lesion with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and amphetamines are effective in reducing hyperactivity in this animal model. Our objectives were to evaluate whether cocaine reverses the motor hyperactivity of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats and to verify cocaine effects in altered mRNA expression of alpha2, alpha4, beta1 and beta2-GABAA subunits and GAD isoenzymes in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. On PND4, 6-OHDA-lesioned or sham rats received 6-OHDA (100 microg intracisternal) or vehicle. Cocaine solution (0.1 mg/ml/day) was offered when adult for 23 days, using the two-bottle choice procedure. The subjects were evaluated in an open-field on the last day of cocaine treatment. 6-OHDA-lesioned rats showed increased locomotion and this hyperactivity was reversed during cocaine self-administration. 6-OHDA lesion caused an increase in the mRNA expression of GABAA subunits in specific brain areas and GAD isoenzymes in the hippocampus and striatum. Increased GAD65 and decreased GAD67 mRNA expression were also shown in the prefrontal cortex. Cocaine self-administration attenuated the effects of 6-OHDA lesions on the mRNA expression of alpha2-GABAA and beta2-GABAA subunits in the prefrontal cortex, reversed the mRNA expression of alpha2-GABAA subunits in the striatum and of alpha4-GABAA subunits in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampus, and reversed the mRNA expression of GAD65 and GAD67 in the brain areas studied. Our findings suggest that cocaine reverses some mRNA changes of GABAA subunits and GAD isoenzymes in reward circuits and the behavioural hyperactivity caused by 6-OHDA lesion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas Araújo
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: de Azeredo
authors.forename: André Rosito
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Marquardt
authors.forename: Ana Paula Guedes
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Frazzon
authors.forename: Helena Maria Tannhauser
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Barros
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013565:Sympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D013565:Sympatholytics; D016627:Oxidopamine; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; D003042:Cocaine