The use of sound during exercise to assist development for children with and without movement difficulties.
OBJECTIVE
To identify and review the literature on the role of sound in facilitating movement and development. The emphasis was to consider the role of sound during exercise and rehabilitation and to encourage researchers to further explore the role of sound in movement development and rehabilitation.


METHODS
A review of key and relevant literature was conducted. Data related to the proof-of-concept of a ball emitting broadband sound to enhance motor development in children with and without movement disorders is presented.


RESULTS
Analyses of the data indicated an interaction between group and block of training (p <or= 0.05). Scores indicated that there was no effect of training on the pre- and post-scores for the non-sound group or the control group. However, there was significant effect of training on pre- and post-scores for the group using a ball emitting broadband sound.


CONCLUSIONS
Preliminary results indicate skill development can be enhanced by the use of broadband sound in balls and further research is required.
Utley
Andrea
A
Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
Nasr
Marwam
M
Astill
Sarah
S
D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects