title: Progression of cerebral amyloid load is associated with the apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pittsburgh Compound B ([¹¹C] PiB) is a specific positron emission tomography (PET) marker of cerebral amyloid deposits. Only few data have been published on in vivo longitudinal changes of amyloid load in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, with conflicting results. Therefore, little is known about the factors that influence these changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 24 patients with probable AD diagnosed by combining established clinical criteria with an AD-typical pattern in [(18)F] fluoro-deoxy-glucose PET underwent [¹¹C] PiB-PET examinations at baseline and after 24 months. The difference of amyloid load between the two examinations and the association with clinical and neurobiological variables was examined with a regions-of-interest approach and voxel-based analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cerebral [¹¹C] PiB uptake ratio increased significantly by an annual rate of 3.92%. Although the increase occurred in all parts of the neocortex, no increase was detected in the archipallium. The increase was gene-dose-dependent (analysis of variance p = .012) to the number of apolipoprotein E ε4 alleles. Progression of dementia symptoms was correlated to the [¹¹C] PiB increase in numerous regions associated with cognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that a significant increase of amyloid deposition occurs in patients with AD during a relatively short interval of its clinical course. The rate of amyloid aggregation rate is closely associated with the apolipoprotein E genotype, which might be important for the evaluation of antiamyloid drug treatment effects. The present study further emphasizes the value of amyloid-plaque imaging as a marker of disease progression and as a potential surrogate marker to be used in antiamyloid drug trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany. t.grimmer@lrz.tum.de
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grimmer
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tholen
authors.forename: Behrooz H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Yousefi
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alexopoulos
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Förschler
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Förstl
authors.forename: Gjermund
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Klunk
authors.forename: Chester A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mathis
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perneczky
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sorg
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drzezga
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: C475519:2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013844:Thiazoles; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18