Subversion of innate immune signaling through molecular mimicry.
Innate immune signaling is mediated by a number of membrane-anchored or cytosolic receptor or sensor molecules. Several receptor families utilize conserved signaling domains such as the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain and Pyrin domain (PYD) to link microbe recognition to induction of proinflammatory cytokines and interferons. Recent studies have identified a number of bacterial and viral TIR domains and PYD domains that directly target the signaling function of their host homologues. Emerging biochemical and structural studies of these microbial TIR and PYD domains suggest that they are mimics of their host counterparts at the sequence and structure levels. Unraveling the mechanisms of such molecular mimicry is crucial to our understanding and clinical intervention of infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders.
Xiao
Tsan Sam
TS
Structural Immunobiology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4 Memorial Drive, Building 4, Room 138, Bethesda, MD 20892-0430, USA. Xiaot@niaid.nih.gov
D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C503285:NLRC3 protein, human