Substance use and mental health trends among U.S. military active duty personnel: key findings from the 2008 DoD Health Behavior Survey.
OBJECTIVE
Examine substance use and mental health issues among U.S. military personnel.


METHODS
Data were from the 2008 (and before) population-based Department of Defense Health Related Behavior Surveys. The sample size for the 2008 survey was 28,546 (70.6% response rate).


RESULTS
Analyses examined substance use, stress, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicidal ideation and attempts, deployment, and job satisfaction. Trends show reductions in tobacco use and illicit drug use, but increases in prescription drug misuse, heavy alcohol use, stress, PTSD, and suicidal attempts. Deployment exacerbated some of these behavior changes. Despite the demanding lifestyle, job satisfaction was high.


CONCLUSIONS
The military has shown progress in decreasing cigarette smoking and illicit drug use. Additional emphasis should be placed on understanding increases in prescription drug misuse, heavy alcohol use, PTSD, and suicide attempts, and on planning additional effective interventions and prevention programs. Challenges remain in understanding and addressing military mental health needs.
Bray
Robert M
RM
RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
Pemberton
Michael R
MR
Lane
Marian E
ME
Hourani
Laurel L
LL
Mattiko
Mark J
MJ
Babeu
Lorraine A
LA
D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult