title: Expression patterns of connective tissue growth factor and of TGF-beta isoforms during glomerular injury recapitulate glomerulogenesis.
abstract: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1), -beta(2), and -beta(3) are involved in control of wound repair and development of fibrosis. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression is stimulated by all TGF-beta isoforms and is abundant in glomerulosclerosis and other fibrotic disorders. CTGF is hypothesized to mediate profibrotic effects of TGF-beta(1) or to facilitate interaction of TGF-beta(1) with its receptor, but its interactions with TGF-beta isoforms in nonpathological conditions are unexplored so far. Tissue repair and remodeling may recapitulate gene transcription at play in organogenesis. To further delineate the relationship between CTGF and TGF-beta, we compared expression patterns of CTGF and TGF-beta isoforms in rat and human glomerulogenesis and in various human glomerulopathies. CTGF mRNA was present in the immediate precursors of glomerular visceral and parietal epithelial cells in the comma- and S-shaped stages, but not in earlier stages of nephron development. During the capillary loop and maturing glomerular stages and simultaneous with the presence of TGF-beta(1), -beta(2), and -beta(3) protein, CTGF mRNA expression was maximal and present only in differentiating glomerular epithelial cells. CTGF protein was also present on precursors of mesangium and glomerular endothelium, suggesting possible paracrine interaction. Concomitant with the presence of TGF-beta(2) and -beta(3) protein, and in the absence of TGF-beta(1), CTGF mRNA and protein expression was restricted to podocytes in normal adult glomeruli. However, TGF-beta(1) and CTGF were again coexpressed, often with TGF-beta(2) and -beta(3), in particular in podocytes in proliferative glomerulonephritis and also in mesangial cells in diabetic nephropathy and IgA nephropathy (IgA NP). Coordinated expression of TGF-beta isoforms and of CTGF may be involved in normal glomerulogenesis and possibly in maintenance of glomerular structure and function at adult age. Prolonged overexpression of TGF-beta(1) and CTGF is associated with development of severe glomerulonephritis and glomerulosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Roel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldschmeding
authors.forename: Hirotake
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kasuga
authors.forename: Nike
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Claessen
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuzawa
authors.forename: Akiho
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Weening
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aten
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000378:metabolism; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C526317:CCN2 protein, human; C526316:CCN2 protein, rat; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor