title: Cavity-shaped ligands: calix[4]arene-based monophosphanes for fast Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling.
abstract: Five conical calix[4]arenes that have a PPh(2) group as the sole functional group anchored at their upper rim were assessed in palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions of phenylboronic acid with aryl halides (dioxane, 100 degrees C, NaH). With arylbromides, remarkably high activities were obtained with the catalytic systems remaining stable for several days. The performance of the ligands is comparable to a Buchwald-type triarylphosphane, namely, (2'-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)diphenylphosphane, which in contrast to the calixarenyl phosphanes tested may display chelating behaviour in solution. With the fastest ligand, 5-diphenylphosphanyl-25,26,27,28-tetra(p-methoxy)benzyloxy-calix[4]arene (8), the reaction turnover frequency for the arylation of 4-bromotoluene was 321,000 versus 214,000 mol(ArBr).mol(Pd)(-1).h(-1) for the reference ligand. The calixarene ligands were also efficient in Suzuki cross-coupling reactions with aryl chlorides. Thus, by using 1 mol% of [Pd(OAc)(2)] associated with one of the phosphanes, full conversion of the deactivated arenes 4-chloroanisole and 4-chlorotoluene was observed after 16 h. The high performance of the calixarenyl-phosphanes in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of aryl bromides possibly relies on their ability to stabilise a monoligand [Pd(0)L(ArBr)] species through supramolecular binding of the Pd-bound arene inside the calixarene cavity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Moléculaire et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monnereau
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sémeril
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matt
authors.forename: Loïc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Toupet