title: A retrospective review of the roles of multifunctional glucose-6-phosphatase in blood glucose homeostasis: Genesis of the tuning/retuning hypothesis.
abstract: In a scientific career spanning from 1955 to 2000, my research focused on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase. Grounded in basic enzymology, and initially pursuing the steady-state rate behavior of isolated preparations of these critically important gluconeogenic enzymes, our key findings were confirmed and extended by in situ enzyme rate experiments exploiting isolated liver perfusions. These efforts culminated in the discovery of the liver cytosolic isozyme of carboxykinase, known today as (GTP)PEPCK-C (EC4.1.1.32) and also revealed a biosynthetic function and multicomponent nature of glucose-6-phosphatase (EC3.1.3.9). Discovery that glucose-6-phosphatase possessed an intrinsically biosynthetic activity, now known as carbamyl-P:glucose phosphotransferase - along with a deeper consideration of the enzyme's hydrolytic activity as well as the action of liver glucokinase resulted in the evolution of Tuning/Retuning Hypothesis for blood glucose homeostasis in health and disease. This THEN & NOW review shares with the reader the joy and exhilaration of major scientific discovery and also contrasts the methodologies and approaches on which I relied with those currently in use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA. rnordlie@medicine.nodak.edu
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Nordlie
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase / Q000266:history* / Q000502:physiology*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010827:Physiology / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase