title: Trends in thrombolytic use for ischemic stroke in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) improves outcomes from ischemic stroke, prior studies have found low rates of administration. Recent guidelines and regulatory agencies have advocated for increased tPA administration in appropriate patients, but it is unclear how many patients actually receive tPA.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether national rates of tPA use for ischemic stroke have increased over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified all patients with a primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke from years 2001 to 2006 in the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), a nationally representative sample of inpatient hospitalizations, and searched for procedure codes for intravenous thrombolytic administration. Clinical and demographic factors were obtained from the survey and multivariable logistic regression used to identify independent predictors associated with thrombolytic use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 22,842 patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke, tPA administration rates increased from 0.87% in 2001 to 2.40% in 2006 (P < 0.001 for trend). Older patients were less likely to receive tPA (adjusted odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.4 [0.3-0.6] for patients ≥80 years vs. <60 years), as were African American patients (0.4 [0.3-0.7]). Larger hospitals were more likely to administer tPA (3.3 [2.0-5.6] in hospitals with at least 300 beds compared to those with 6-99 beds).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although tPA administration for ischemic stroke has increased nationally in recent years, the overall rate of use remains very low. Larger hospitals were more likely to administer tPA. Further efforts to improve appropriate administration of tPA should be encouraged, particularly as the acceptable time-window for using tPA widens.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hospital Medicine, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. mfang@medicine.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Margaret C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cutler
authors.forename: Allison B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator