title: Exposure to wireless phone emissions and serum beta-trace protein.
abstract: The lipocalin type of prostaglandin D synthase or beta-trace protein is synthesized in the choroid plexus, lepto-meninges and oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system and is secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid. beta-trace protein is the key enzyme in the synthesis of prostaglandin D2, an endogenous sleep-promoting neurohormone in the brain. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the radio frequency (RF) range have in some studies been associated with disturbed sleep. We studied the concentration of beta-trace protein in blood in relation to emissions from wireless phones. This study included 62 persons aged 18-30 years. The concentration of beta-trace protein decreased with increasing number of years of use of a wireless phone yielding a negative beta coefficient = -0.32, 95% confidence interval -0.60 to -0.04. Also cumulative use in hours gave a negative beta coefficient, although not statistically significant. Of the 62 persons, 40 participated in an experimental study with 30 min exposure to an 890-MHz GSM signal. No statistically significant change of beta-trace protein was found. In a similar study of the remaining 22 participitants with no exposure, beta-trace protein increased significantly over time, probably due to a relaxed situation. EMF emissions may down-regulate the synthesis of beta-trace protein. This mechanism might be involved in sleep disturbances reported in persons exposed to RF fields. The results must be interpreted with caution since use of mobile and cordless phones were self-reported. Awareness of exposure condition in the experimental study may have influenced beta-trace protein concentrations.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, SE-701 85 örebro, Sweden. lennart.hardell@orebroll.se
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hardell
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Söderqvist
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carlberg
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
authors.forename: Kjell Hansson
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mild
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D040421:Cell Phone; D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011827:Radiation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects*; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm
chemical_list: D054834:Lipocalins; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C022466:prostaglandin R2 D-isomerase