Hospice and palliative medicine: a novel subspecialty of emergency medicine.
BACKGROUND
Emergency Medicine (EM) is a resuscitative discipline where the major focus in teaching and practice is to rapidly diagnose, stabilize, and initiate curative therapy. Thus, it may seem counterintuitive to have Hospice and Palliative Medicine (HPM), a specialty often perceived as a last resort measure "when no more can be done" for the patient, included as the latest subspecialty of EM.


OBJECTIVE
We discuss the scope of practice and the role of HPM in the emergency department (ED) to clarify some commonly held misconceptions.


CONCLUSIONS
HPM principles are frequently applied in ED patient care. EM clinicians routinely rely on many of the same skills that are refined and advanced by HPM when treating symptoms, facilitating goals of care discussions, communicating bad news, and integrating the treatment of the physical, psychological, and social suffering in patient care. The HPM approach to care is patient-centered as opposed to disease-centered, with a focus on the relief of distressing symptoms to improve the quality of life. This parallels ED care, where priority is given to alleviate distressing symptoms such as acute pain or vomiting, regardless of the underlying disease process. In fact, EM is one specialty in which we may submit a bill purely based on an International Classification of Diseases-9(th) Revision symptom code.


CONCLUSIONS
In this article we explore the background of HPM; outline the principles and core skills of HPM that are applicable to the daily practice of EM; and explore the pathway, now available, towards a subspecialty certification.
Lamba
Sangeeta
S
Department of Emergency Medicine, The University Hospital, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
Mosenthal
Anne C
AC
D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D017051:Hospice Care; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010166:Palliative Care; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010819:Physician's Role; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D013038:Specialization