title: Evaluation of the Performance of Routine Information System Management (PRISM) framework: evidence from Uganda.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sound policy, resource allocation and day-to-day management decisions in the health sector require timely information from routine health information systems (RHIS). In most low- and middle-income countries, the RHIS is viewed as being inadequate in providing quality data and continuous information that can be used to help improve health system performance. In addition, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of RHIS strengthening interventions in improving data quality and use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the newly developed Performance of Routine Information System Management (PRISM) framework, which consists of a conceptual framework and associated data collection and analysis tools to assess, design, strengthen and evaluate RHIS. The specific objectives of the study are: a) to assess the reliability and validity of the PRISM instruments and b) to assess the validity of the PRISM conceptual framework.
  
  
  METHODS
  Facility- and worker-level data were collected from 110 health care facilities in twelve districts in Uganda in 2004 and 2007 using records reviews, structured interviews and self-administered questionnaires. The analysis procedures include Cronbach's alpha to assess internal consistency of selected instruments, test-retest analysis to assess the reliability and sensitivity of the instruments, and bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques to assess validity of the PRISM instruments and conceptual framework.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach's alpha analysis suggests high reliability (0.7 or greater) for the indices measuring a promotion of a culture of information, RHIS tasks self-efficacy and motivation. The study results also suggest that a promotion of a culture of information influences RHIS tasks self-efficacy, RHIS tasks competence and motivation, and that self-efficacy and the presence of RHIS staff have a direct influence on the use of RHIS information, a key aspect of RHIS performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study results provide some empirical support for the reliability and validity of the PRISM instruments and the validity of the PRISM conceptual framework, suggesting that the PRISM approach can be effectively used by RHIS policy makers and practitioners to assess the RHIS and evaluate RHIS strengthening interventions. However, additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further investigate the value of the PRISM instruments in exploring the linkages between RHIS data quality and use, and health systems performance.
authors.affiliation: Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. hotchkis@tulane.edu
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hotchkiss
authors.forename: Anwer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aqil
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lippeveld
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mukooyo
mesh_terms: D003660:Decision Support Systems, Management / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D019451:Information Management; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008330:Management Audit; D011786:Quality Control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014454:Uganda