title: The eye fly Siphunculina funicola (Diptera: Chloropidae) as a carrier of pathogenic bacteria in Thailand.
abstract: The oriental eye fly Siphunculina funicola (1.0-1.6 mm) is extremely annoying to humans and domestic animals, feeding on mucous membranes, secretions, wounds, eyes, and other moist surfaces of the host body. In many rural areas of Thailand heavy populations of this fly prevail where they aggregate on a variety of hanging substrates, such as strings, nest trailings, electrical lines, decorations, ropes, cob webs, clothes hangers, automobile radio antennae and other items in open shade close to their hosts. Both males and females feed voraciously on wounds and moist skin. With this type of persistent feeding, the eye flies are suspected to carry and transfer germs to their hosts. In the present study, bacteria were isolated from S. funicola captured from wounds, host seeking flies and from their resting sites. Some enriched and bacterial culture media were more suitable for isolation than others. A diverse group of bacteria (64 species), both gram-posi-tive and gram-negative, most in risk category 2, were identified. Bacterial colony counts from Trypic soy broth ranged from 10 to > 3.0 x 10(3) cfu/ml. The most common bacteria isolated were Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Kocuria, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and others. These bacteria may cause disease conditions in humans and animals. This is the first time bacteria from S. funicola have been reported.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Entomology, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand. uruyakorn.c@dmsc.mail.go.th
authors.forename: Uruyakorn
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Chansang
authors.forename: Mir S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mulla
authors.forename: Siriporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chantaroj
authors.forename: Pathom
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sawanpanyalert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004175:Diptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000382:microbiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008297:Male; D013785:Thailand; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000382:microbiology