title: Sulforaphane protects liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion through Nrf2-ARE pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on regulation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway in liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided randomly into four experimental groups: control, SFN control, intestinal I/R and SFN pretreatment groups (n = 8 in each group). The intestinal I/R model was established by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 1 h and 2 h reperfusion. In the SFN pretreatment group, surgery was performed as in the intestinal I/R group, with intraperitoneal administration of 3 mg/kg SFN 1 h before the operation. Intestine and liver histology was investigated. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured. Liver tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were assayed. The liver transcription factor Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intestinal I/R induced intestinal and liver injury, characterized by histological changes as well as a significant increase in serum AST and ALT levels (AST: 260.13 +/- 40.17 U/L vs 186.00 +/- 24.21 U/L, P < 0.01; ALT: 139.63 +/- 11.35 U/L vs 48.38 +/- 10.73 U/L, P < 0.01), all of which were reduced by pretreatment with SFN, respectively (AST: 260.13 +/- 40.17 U/L vs 216.63 +/- 22.65 U/L, P < 0.05; ALT: 139.63 +/- 11.35 U/L vs 97.63 +/- 15.56 U/L, P < 0.01). The activity of SOD in the liver tissue decreased after intestinal I/R (P < 0.01), which was enhanced by SFN pretreatment (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the control group, SFN markedly reduced liver tissue MPO activity (P < 0.05) and elevated liver tissue GSH and GSH-Px activity (P < 0.05, P < 0.05), which was in parallel with the increased level of liver Nrf2 and HO-1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SFN pretreatment attenuates liver injury induced by intestinal I/R in rats, attributable to the antioxidant effect through Nrf2-ARE pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yu-Bing
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ying-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hui-Rong
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Ling-Fei
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ji-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D020218:Response Elements; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013454:Sulfoxides; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D013454:Sulfoxides; D013861:Thiocyanates; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C016766:sulforaphane