title: Atypical carcinoid of the larynx and expressions of proteins associated with molecular targeted therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We reported an extremely rare case of atypical laryngeal carcinoid, and examined the expression of several proteins for application of molecular targeted therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report and review of the literature concerning atypical carcinoid arising from the larynx. The expressions of proteins were determined by immunohistochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We present here a case of atypical laryngeal carcinoid in a 79-year-old Japanese man, which was completely resected, and with no evidence of recurrence. On immunohistochemical analysis, neoplastic elements revealed, strong positivity for platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and were mild positivity for KIT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that atypical laryngeal carcinoid could be completely removed if it is located in the limited lesion. PDGFRα, VEGFR2, and EGFR expressions in this case provide the evidence that atypical laryngeal carcinoid is the candidate for molecular targeted therapy, although further investigations are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan. kanatake@omiya.jichi.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nokubi
authors.forename: Katsuji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeoda
authors.forename: Kozue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Usubuchi
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000188:drug therapy; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2