title: The Ba/Ca record of corals from the Southern Gulf of Mexico: contributions from land-use changes, fluvial discharge and oil-drilling muds.
abstract: The Ba/Ca in the growth bands of Montastraea faveolata from the Veracruz Reef System was used to reconstruct the long-term environmental change associated to anthropogenic activity in the Southern Gulf of Mexico (SGM). The 168-yr coral record shows two periods of distinct Ba concentrations: a pre-industrial period (1835-1965: 7.54 micromol/mol) followed by an industrial one (1966-2000: 8.57 micromol/mol). As human population quadrupoled during the latter, sediment load in the fluvial discharge also increased due to changes in land-use, yielding a 14% increase in the Ba-levels. A remarkable finding is that the periods at which the coral Ba/Ca ratio losses its correlation with fluvial discharge coincide exactly with peak periods of high barite consumption (used for oil drilling) in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, and the onset of oil drilling in the SGM. This finding suggests that barite may be one of the dominant sources for dissolved-Ba in the SGM.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carr. Tijuana-Ensenada Km. 107, Ensenada, Baja California 22300, Mexico. carriquiry@uabc.edu.mx
authors.forename: José D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Carriquiry
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horta-Puga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D001464:Barium / Q000032:analysis*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010578:Petroleum; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001464:Barium; D002118:Calcium