title: The effectiveness of benzydamine hydrochloride spraying on the endotracheal tube cuff or oral mucosa for postoperative sore throat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The etiology of postoperative sore throat (POST) is considered to be the result of laryngoscopy, intubation damage, or inflated cuff compression of the tracheal mucosa. In this study, we compared the effectiveness in alleviating POST using different approaches to benzydamine hydrochloride (BH) administration by spraying the endotracheal tube (ET) cuff or the oropharyngeal cavity, or both.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred eighty patients were included in this prospective and double-blind study, which was randomized into 4 groups: group A, oropharyngeal cavity spray of BH, and distilled water on the ET cuff; group B, both the oropharyngeal cavity and the ET cuff received BH spray; group C, the ET cuff received BH spray, and the oropharyngeal cavity received distilled water; and group D, distilled water sprayed on both the ET tube and into the oropharyngeal cavity. The patients were examined for sore throat (none, mild, moderate, severe) at 0, 2, 4, and 24 hours postextubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of POST was 23.2%, 13.8%, 14.7%, and 40.4% in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. POST occurred significantly less frequently in groups B and C compared with group D (odds ratio: 0.36; 95% confidence interval: 0.21-0.60; P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between groups A and D (odds ratio: 0.62; 95% confidence interval: 0.38-1.01). Moreover, there was no significant interaction between spraying BH over the oropharyngeal cavity and the ET cuff on the incidence of POST (P = 0.088). The severity of POST was significantly more intense in group D compared with groups B and C (P < 0.001). Group B had a significantly higher incidence of local numbness, burning, and/or stinging sensation compared with patients in group D (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that spraying BH on the ET cuff decreases the incidence and severity of POST without increased BH-related adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Shiou
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Nan-Kai
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Meei-Shyuan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chang-Po
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Jyh-Cherng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Go-Shine
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chen-Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cherng
authors.forename: Chih-Shung
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Chi-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Ching-Tang
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001591:Benzydamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001591:Benzydamine