Unmasking leprosy: an unusual immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) has become a frequent and potentially severe complication after initiation of following antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). IRIS can unmask a previously clinically silent infection, such as tuberculosis, as recently described for Mycobacterium infections. We describe a case in a patient from Côte d'Ivoire living in France in whom skin papular lesions developed after initiation of ART. These lesions were associated with microbiologically proven leprosy. Thus, latent leprosy can appear as IRIS, and leprosy-associated IRIS should be considered in HIV-infected patients from areas endemic for leprosy.
Bussone
Guillaume
G
Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, et Service de Microbiologie, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Charlier
Caroline
C
Bille
Emmanuelle
E
Caux
Frédéric
F
Lévy
Annie
A
Viard
Jean-Paul
JP
Lecuit
Marc
M
Lortholary
Olivier
O
D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D007918:Leprosy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*