title: Frontal hypoperfusion in depressed patients with dementia of Alzheimer type demonstrated on 3DSRT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depressive symptoms are common in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and contribute to clinical morbidity. Previous studies have suggested that hypoperfusion in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus are involved in the pathophysiology of depression in DAT. Using 3-D stereotactic region of interest (ROI) template (3DSRT), fully automated ROI analysis software, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in DAT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Technetium-99m-ethyl cysteinate dimer ((99m)Tc-ECD) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and Japanese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were carried out in 35 patients diagnosed as having mild-moderate DAT according to DSM-IV. These patients were divided into the depressive group (D group: n = 17) and non-depressive group (ND group: n = 18) using the NPI depression items. All data from SPECT images were analyzed using 3DSRT software. On 3DSRT the perfusion ratios (rCBF of bilateral callosomarginal, precentral, central, parietal, angular, temporal, posterior cerebral, pericallosal, lenticular nucleus, thalamus and hippocampus/cerebellar hemisphere) of each segment were compared between the D group and the ND group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The perfusion ratios of the left callosomarginal segment for the D group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of the ND group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypoperfusion in the left frontal cortex contributes to the expression of depressive symptoms in patients with DAT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouhei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Joji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Higashiyama
authors.forename: Hisanori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Aiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiomi
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiriike
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods