title: A comparative study of the effective radiation doses from cone beam computed tomography and plain radiography for sialography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As a first step in developing a protocol for multidimensional sialography using cone beam CT (CBCT), the objective of this study was to compare the effective radiation doses from sialography of the parotid and submandibular glands using plain radiography and CBCT.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effective doses were calculated from dose measurements made at 25 selected locations in the head and neck of a radiation analogue dosimeter (RANDO) phantom, using International Commission on Radiological Protection 2007 tissue weighting factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effective dose (E) changed in relationship to changes in CBCT field of view (FOV), peak kilovoltage (kVp) and milliamperage (mA). Specifically, E decreased from a maximum of 932 microSv (30 cm FOV, 120 kVp, 15 mA) to 60 microSv (15 cm FOV, 80 kVp, 10 mA) for a parotid gland study and to 148 microSv (15 cm FOV, 80 kVp, 10 mA) for a submandibular study. The collective series of plain radiographs made during sialography of the parotid and submandibular glands yielded effective doses of 65 microSv and 156 microSv, respectively. The plain parotid gland series included one panoramic, two anterior-posterior skull and four lateral skull radiographs, whereas the submandibular gland series included one panoramic, one standard mandibular occlusal and four lateral skull radiographs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effective doses from CBCT examinations centred on the parotid and submandibular glands were similar to those calculated for plain radiograph sialography when a 15 cm FOV was chosen in combination with exposure conditions of 80 kVp and 10 mA.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jadu
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Yaffe
authors.forename: E W N
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000528:radiation effects; D001921:Brain / Q000528:radiation effects; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000528:radiation effects; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000379:methods; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D012796:Sialography / Q000379:methods*; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000528:radiation effects; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry / Q000295:instrumentation; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000528:radiation effects