title: IL-6 and VEGF in small cell lung cancer patients.
abstract: Recent data suggest a link between chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, and the development of cancer. The aim of this study was the evaluation of serum IL-6 and VEGF in comparison with the tumor markers NSE and ProGRP, with respect to the prognosis of small cell lung cancer patients. The study of IL-6, VEGF, NSE, ProGRP and platelet count was performed in a group of 72 patients with previously untreated small cell lung cancer at different stages of disease: 40 with limited and 32 with extensive disease. Significantly higher IL-6 and VEGF concentrations and platelet count, as well as NSE and ProGRP levels, were found in patients with small cell lung cancer in comparison with the reference group. Patients with extensive cancer had significantly higher levels of IL-6, VEGF, NSE and ProGRP than those with limited cancer. Elevated VEGF levels, with no significant differences in frequency of elevated NSE and ProGRP concentrations, were often observed in patients with IL-6 levels higher than 5.1 ng/l. Univariate analysis confirmed a significant relationship not only between overall survival and stage of disease or gender, but also with VEGF, IL-6, NSE and ProGRP levels. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that only the extent of the disease and IL-6 may be independent prognostic factors in the group of small cell lung cancer patients under investigation. However, simultaneous determinations of ProGRP and IL-6, as well as ProGRP and VEGF, in addition to the extent of the disease, may serve as additional, independent prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Oncology - Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Cracow Division, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wójcik
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jakubowicz
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skotnicki
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sas-Korczyńska
authors.forename: Jan Kanty
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kulpa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D019886:Gastrin-Releasing Peptide / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood; D010976:Platelet Count; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D019886:Gastrin-Releasing Peptide; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase