title: Linear poly(methyl glycerol) and linear polyglycerol as potent protein and cell resistant alternatives to poly(ethylene glycol).
abstract: The nonspecific interaction of proteins with surfaces in contact with biofluids leads to adverse problems and is prevented by a biocompatible surface coating. The current benchmark material among such coatings is poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Herein, we report on the synthesis of linear polyglycerol derivatives as promising alternatives to PEG. Therefore, gold surfaces as a model system are functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) by a two-step anhydride coupling and a direct thiol immobilization of linear poly(methyl glycerol) and polyglycerol. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy reveals both types of functionalized surfaces to be as resistant as PEG towards the adsorption of the test proteins fibrinogen, pepsin, albumin, and lysozyme. Moreover, linear polyglycerols adsorb even less proteins from human plasma than a PEG-modified surface. Additional cell adhesion experiments on linear poly(methyl glycerol) and polyglycerol-modified surfaces show comparable cell resistance as for a PEG-modified surface. Also, in the case of long-term stability, high cell resistance is observed for all samples in medium. Additional in vitro cell-toxicity tests add to the argument that linear poly(methyl glycerol) and polyglycerol are strong candidates for promising alternatives to PEG, which can easily be modified for biocompatible functionalization of other surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinhart
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grunwald
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wyszogrodzka
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaetjen
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartwig
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haag
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D005990:Glycerol / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D011506:Proteins; C043941:polyglycerol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006046:Gold; D005990:Glycerol