title: Healthcare utilization and emotional distress in coronary artery disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No studies to-date have examined the various types of emotional distress (ED) for their relative power at predicting costs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors investigated the association between expenditure for CAD patients and various measures of emotional/psychological functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors assessed dollars spent in relation to dimensions of the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised and traditional risk factors in the year preceding referral of 164 CAD patients for stress management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total costs were associated with the Anxiety, Phobic Anxiety, and Psychoticism scales. Hypertension was also associated with increased costs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present results indicate an association of higher costs with anxiety. Because the symptoms of anxiety overlap with those of cardiac disease, increased vigilance by both patients and practitioners, resulting in more testing and longer hospital stays is not surprising. Results suggest that there is a potential for substantial cost savings with enhanced detection and treatment of anxiety-spectrum emotional distress.
authors.affiliation: Henry Ford Hospital/PP, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. MarkWKetterer@cs.com
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ketterer
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Knysz
authors.forename: Akshay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khandelwal
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Keteyian
authors.forename: Amjad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farha
authors.forename: Sangita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deveshwar
mesh_terms: D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006296:Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy