title: MAFRAM- a new fate and risk assessment methodology for non-volatile organic chemicals.
abstract: The main goal of this paper was to introduce an environmental fate and risk assessment methodology for comparing and establishing the general features of new and existing non-volatile organic chemicals (NVOCs) used in agricultural activities, based on simple and readily available properties. This methodology is a computer program called the multimedia agricultural fate and risk assessment model (MAFRAM). This model is a combination of the EQC-2V model, which describes the fate of NVOCs, with the ecological relative risk (EcoRR) approach, which assesses the ecotoxicological risk to agro-ecosystems. MAFRAM divides the agricultural environment into two main zones, which are the on- and off-farm zones. Each zone is subdivided into six compartments, including the air, water, soil, sediment, aboveground plants, and roots. The required input data are the chemical-physical properties of the pesticide, biota data, and environmental properties. The MAFRAM output includes the inter-compartmental transport and transfer rates, the primary loss mechanisms, chemical concentration, amount, residence time, and the rank of risk in each compartment. In addition, it can provide several secondary results. The MAFRAM application was illustrated using typical homogenous region properties and was run with an illustrative emission rate of 1 kg/h into air, using spinosad as a case study.
authors.affiliation: Assarih, Irbid, Jordan. mabatiha@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Batiha
authors.forename: Abdul Amir H
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kadhum
authors.forename: Marwan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Batiha
authors.forename: Mohd S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Takriff
authors.forename: Abu Bakar
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Mohamad
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017753:Ecosystem; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D018942:Macrolides; D008722:Methods; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D018942:Macrolides; D009930:Organic Chemicals; C415329:spinosad