title: Troponin release following endurance exercise: is inflammation the cause? a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aetiology and clinical significance of troponin release following endurance exercise is unclear but may be due to transient myocardial inflammation. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) affords us the opportunity to evaluate the presence of myocardial inflammation and focal fibrosis and is the ideal imaging modality to study this hypothesis. We sought to correlate the relationship between acute bouts of ultra endurance exercise leading to cardiac biomarkers elevation and the presence of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis using CMR.
  
  
  METHODS
  17 recreation athletes (33.5 +/- 6.5 years) were studied before and after a marathon run with troponin, NTproBNP, and CMR. Specific imaging parameters to look for inflammation included T2 weighted images, and T1 weighted spin-echo images before and after an intravenous gadolinium-DTPA to detect myocardial hyperemia secondary to inflammation. Late gadolinium imaging was performed (LGE) to detect any focal regions of replacement fibrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven of the 17 participant had elevations of TnI above levels of cut off for myocardial infarction 6 hrs after the marathon (0.075 +/- 0.02, p = 0.007). Left ventricular volumes were reduced post marathon and a small increase in ejection fraction was noted (64+/- 1% pre, 67+/- 1.2% post, P = 0.014). Right ventricular volumes, stroke volume, and ejection fraction were unchanged post marathon. No athlete fulfilled criteria for myocardial inflammation based on current criteria. No regions of focal fibrosis were seen in any of the participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise induced cardiac biomarker release is not associated with any functional changes by CMR or any detectable myocardial inflammation or fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. r.ohanlon9@btinternet.com
authors.forename: Rory
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: O'Hanlon
authors.forename: Mat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wage
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Francisco D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Alpendurada
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oxborough
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roughton
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Dudley J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pennell
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.forename: Sanjay K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D014336:Troponin / Q000097:blood*; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014336:Troponin; D019210:Troponin I