title: Coping with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an integrative view.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify predictors of psychosocial adjustment to motor neurone disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 27 individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) participated in the study. The ALS functional rating scale mean score indicated a high physical impairment of the sample. Months since diagnosis varied between 4 and 129 (median 36). Adjustment outcomes were severity of depressive symptoms and individual quality of life (QoL). Predictors included social support, cognitive appraisal, coping strategies and illness parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple regression analysis revealed that approximately 60% of the variance of depression and QoL were accounted for by social support, coping strategies and cognitive appraisal. The degree of physical impairment did not explain any variance of the adjustment outcomes. The best predictors for the severity of depressive symptoms were perceived social support and appraisal of coping potential (internal locus of control) and for individual QoL perceived social support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The focus on medical issues in treatment of ALS is not sufficient. A palliative approach to ALS must equally imply advice with regards to adequate coping strategies, provide the adequate amount of disease- and support-related information at any one time, and encourage patients to seek social support. Sufficient medication and psychotherapy has to be provided for those patients who show depressive symptoms or disorder.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. tamara.matuz@medizin.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matuz
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Birbaumer
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hautzinger
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kübler
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010243:Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012944:Social Support; D016896:Treatment Outcome