title: International BMI-for-age references underestimate thinness and overestimate overweight and obesity in Bolivian adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since no growth standards for adolescents exist and a single reference applicable everywhere is still in debate, it is recognized that the best reference should be derived from the growth pattern of the healthy population that will use it. In 2007 a study developed references for body mass index for 12th to 18th y Bolivian school adolescent (BAP.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare nutritional status outcomes applying BMI references from the BAP, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC 2000, the International Task Force (IOTF), and the 2007 WHO, to determine appropriateness of use in Bolivian adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  References were applied in 3306 adolescents, 45.0% male, 55% female, 12th to 18th y selected from a nationally representative sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Main findings reveal that the CDC and the 2007 WHO underestimate underweight (p<0.001) and the three international references overestimate overweight (p<0.001) with variation between ages and gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bolivian health providers are advised to replace CDC, OITF and 2007 WHO references for the use of BAP in Bolivia which reflects its healthy adolescent population growth pattern. International references may lead to incorrect conclusions when applied on Bolivian adolescents. They could deflect efforts from population which need prompt intervention and mislead treatments and budget to unnecessary ones. We recommend validation of international references where appropriate until a standard is released.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. baya.ana@gmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baya Botti
authors.forename: F J A
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Pérez-Cueto
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Vasquez Monllor
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kolsteren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001838:Bolivia; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis; D050177:Overweight / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012016:Reference Values; D013851:Thinness / Q000175:diagnosis*