title: Predictors of stroke in patients of tuberculous meningitis and its effect on the outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stroke is a devastating complication of tuberculous meningitis and is an important determinant of its outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate the predictive factors for stroke in patients with tuberculous meningitis and to assess the impact of stroke on the overall prognosis and outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated and followed 100 patients of tuberculous meningitis for 6 months. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at inclusion and after 6 months. We evaluated the predictors of stroke and also assessed the effect of stroke on the outcome. Outcome was defined with the help of modified Rankin scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 100 patients, 6 lost to follow-up. Thirty patients had stroke, 27 of them had stroke at inclusion. Three patients developed stroke during follow-up. In most of the patients, stroke was a manifestation of advanced stages of tuberculous meningitis. Internal capsule/basal ganglia were the most frequently involved sites. Infarcts commonly involved the middle cerebral arterial territory. On univariate analysis, predictors of stroke were aged >25 years (P < 0.001), cranial nerve involvement (P < 0.001), sylvian fissure exudates (P = 0.026), posterior fossa exudates (P = 0.016), optic chiasmal exudates (P = 0.04) and vision impairment (P = 0.004). Stage III tuberculous meningitis (P < 0.001) was also a predictor of stroke. On multivariate analysis aged >25 years was found a significant predictor of stroke. Strokes in patients with tuberculous meningitis were associated with poor prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stroke occurred in 30% of cases with tuberculous meningitis. Advanced stage of tuberculous meningitis, basal exudates, optochiasmatic arachnoiditis and vision impairment were significant predictors of stroke. Stroke independently predicted the poor outcome of tuberculous meningitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow 226 003, UP, India.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Anuradha
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shukla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014390:Tuberculosis, Meningeal / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult