title: Caudal analgesia reduces the sevoflurane requirement for LMA removal in anesthetized children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An anesthetic state can reduce adverse airway reaction during laryngeal mask airway (LMA) removal in children. However, the anesthetic state has risks of upper airway obstruction or delayed emergence; so possibly less anesthetic depth is advisable. Caudal analgesia reduces the requirement of anesthetic agents for sedation or anesthesia; it is expected to reduce the sevoflurane requirement for LMA removal. Therefore, we determined the EC(50) of sevoflurane for LMA removal with caudal analgesia and compared that to the EC(50) without caudal analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three unpremedicated children aged 1 to 6 yr were enrolled. They were allocated to receive or not to receive caudal block according to their parents' consent. General anesthesia were induced and maintained with sevoflurane and oxygen in air. EC(50) of sevoflurane for a smooth LMA removal with and without caudal analgesia were estimated by the Dixon up-and-down method. The LMA was removed when predetermined end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was achieved, and the sevoflurane concentration of a subsequent patient was determined by the success or failure of the previous patient with 0.2% as the step size; success was defined by the absence of an adverse airway reaction during and after LMA removal. EC(50) of sevoflurane with caudal block, and that without caudal block, were compared by a rank-sum test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EC(50) of sevoflurane to achieve successful LMA removal in children with caudal block was 1.47%; 1.81% without caudal block. The EC(50) were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caudal analgesia significantly reduced the sevoflurane concentration for a smooth LMA removal in anesthetized children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon-Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Wyun Kon
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Min-Huiy
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyu-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Hee-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong Rim
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lee