title: Tubularized incised plate proximal hypospadias repair: Continued evolution and extended applications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report additional technical modifications and extended application of proximal TIP hypospadias repair in consecutive patients operated by a single surgeon.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 39-month period, 36 patients underwent primary proximal hypospadias surgery, with 26 undergoing TIP and 10 two-stage repair for a thin urethral plate (UP) (1) or ventral penile curvature (VC) requiring UP transection (9). Of the TIP repairs, 16 had UP elevation from the corpora cavernosa to facilitate VC straightening while maintaining the UP for urethroplasty. All TIP patients underwent two-layer urethroplasty with tunica vaginalis coverage over the neourethra.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With mean follow up of 12 months (2-38) in 24 TIP patients, 16 had calibration and 11 urethroscopy 6-12 months postoperatively. Complications occurred in three (13%), glans dehiscence (2) and neourethral stricture (1), which represents a significant reduction versus our prior reports. Non-randomized preoperative testosterone in 8/24 with follow up did not influence complication rates. TIP incision of the elevated UP did not divide it into separate strips, or impair vascularity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dissection of the UP from the corpora facilitates correction of VC while preserving the plate, without increasing TIP urethroplasty complications. Overall, complication rates for TIP have significantly diminished with technical modifications and experience. The role for neoadjuvant hormonal therapy remains unclear. Despite straightening VC preserving the UP, intraoperative assessment deemed it unsuitable for TIP in one case (4%).
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Section, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. warren.snodgrass@childrens.com
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Snodgrass
authors.forename: Nicol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bush
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011300:Preoperative Care; D015607:Stents; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000209:etiology; D013537:Sutures; D013739:Testosterone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000209:etiology; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone