title: Organotin intake through fish consumption in Finland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Organotin compounds (OTCs) are a large class of synthetic chemicals with widely varying properties. Due to their potential adverse health effects, their use has been restricted in many countries. Humans are exposed to OTCs mostly through fish consumption.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe OTC exposure through fish consumption and to assess the associated potential health risks in a Finnish population.
  
  
  METHODS
  An extensive sampling of Finnish domestic fish was carried out in the Baltic Sea and freshwater areas in 2005-2007. In addition, samples of imported seafood were collected in 2008. The chemical analysis was performed in an accredited testing laboratory during 2005-2008. Average daily intake of the sum of dibutyltin (DBT), tributyltin (TBT), triphenyltin (TPhT) and dioctyltin (DOT) (SigmaOTCs) for the Finnish population was calculated on the basis of the measured concentrations and fish consumption rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average daily intake of SigmaOTCs through fish consumption was 3.2ng/kgbwday(-1), which is 1.3% from the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of 250ng/kgbwday(-1) set by the European Food Safety Authority. In total, domestic wild fish accounted for 61% of the SigmaOTC intake, while the intake through domestic farmed fish was 4.0% and the intake through imported fish was 35%. The most important species were domestic perch and imported salmon and rainbow trout.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Finnish consumers are not likely to exceed the threshold level for adverse health effects due to OTC intake through fish consumption.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland. Riikka.Airaksinen@thl.fi
authors.forename: Riikka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Airaksinen
authors.forename: Panu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rantakokko
authors.forename: Anu W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Turunen
authors.forename: Terttu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vartiainen
authors.forename: Pekka J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Vuorinen
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lappalainen
authors.forename: Aune
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vihervuori
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mannio
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hallikainen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003710:Demography; D004435:Eating; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005387:Finland; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D017747:Seafood / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009947:Organotin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical