title: Disparities in hypertension control advice according to smoking status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypertension is the most common modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Blood pressure (BP) reduction, particularly among smokers, is highly effective at preventing cardiovascular diseases. We examined the association between patient smoking status and hypertension management advice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults who participated in the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System with self-reported hypertension were examined (n=51,063). Multivariable logistic regression analysis controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, insurance status, body mass index, alcohol use, self-reported general health and survey design were conducted to examine the association between smoking status (never, former, or current) and receipt of hypertension control advice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for potential confounders, being a current smoker was significantly associated with lower odds of receiving advice to lower salt intake (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR, 0.91 [95% confidence interval=0.84-0.99]), exercise (AOR 0.89 [0.80-0.98]), and to take hypertensive medication (AOR 0.80 [0.66-0.98]) compared to never smokers. However, hypertensive smokers had greater odds of receiving advice to reduce alcohol consumption (AOR 1.23 [1.10-1.45]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although healthcare providers are in an optimal position to provide patient education to improve BP control, hypertensive smokers may be less likely to receive important BP control lifestyle modification messages from their healthcare provider than non-smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA. acaban@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Alberto J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Caban-Martinez
authors.forename: Evelyn P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Davila
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Kristopher
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arheart
authors.forename: Monica Webb
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Messiah
authors.forename: Noella
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: Youjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lora E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents