title: What defines 'cure' after liver resection for colorectal metastases? Results after 10 years of follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the last two decades, resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) in selected patients has become the standard of care, with 5-year survival rates of 25-58%. Although a substantial number of actual 5-year survivors are reported after resection, 5-year survival rates may be inadequate to evaluate surgical outcomes because a significant number of patients experience a recurrence at some point.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to analyse longterm results and prognostic factors in liver resection for CLM in patients with complete 10-year follow-up data.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 369 patients who underwent liver resection for CLM between 1985 and 1998 were identified from a bi-institutional database. Postoperative deaths and patients with extrahepatic disease were excluded. Clinicopathological prognostic factors were analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample included 309 consecutive patients with complete 10-year follow-up data. Five- and 10-year overall survival rates were 32% and 23%, respectively. Overall, 93% of recurrences occurred within the first 5 years of follow-up, but 11% of patients who were disease-free at 5 years developed later recurrence. Multivariate analysis demonstrated four independent negative prognostic factors for survival: more than three metastases; a positive surgical margin; tumour size >5 cm, and a clinical risk score >2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Five-year survival rates are not adequate to evaluate surgical outcomes of patients with CLM. Approximately one-third of actual 5-year survivors suffer cancer-related death, whereas patients who survive 10 years appear to be cured of disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences (Surgery), Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pulitanò
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aldrighetti
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bodingbauer
authors.forename: Rowan W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferla
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wigmore
authors.forename: O James
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Garden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D019992:Databases as Topic; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult