title: Morphometric analysis of the skull of the Sahel goat breed: basic and clinical anatomy.
abstract: The work reports morphometric analysis of the skulls of the Sahel breed of goat. The calculated metric data (mean +/- SD) included the condylobasal length, 16.94 +/- 1.39 cm, while the orbital circumference was 11.30 +/- 0.48 cm. The foramen magnum height and width were 1.82 +/- 0.11 cm and 1.85 +/- 0.15 cm respectively while the foramen magnum index was 89.81 +/- 8.71. Animals above one year of age had significantly higher values for orbital length including horizontal and vertical diameters, overall skull length, basal length, and neurocranium height than animals aged one year and below. The cornual process length, maximum orbital circumference and horizontal diameter obtained in this study were higher than those reported for other Nigerian goat breeds in the literature. The data for the distances from the facial tuberosity to the infraorbital canal, from the mental foramen to the lateral extent of the alveolar root of the lower incisor, as well as from the mandibular foramen to the base of the mandible and that from the mental foramen to the caudal border of the mandible, which are important clinically in the estimation of craniofacial measurements that will aid regional anaesthesia, were however similar to those reported earlier for the Red Sokoto and West African Dwarf breeds implying that a uniform craniometric estimation for associated regional nerve blocks can be attempted for these goat breeds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. jkayodeolopade@yahoo.com
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Olopade
authors.forename: Silas K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Onwuka
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000717:Anatomy, Comparative / Q000379:methods; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D004392:Dwarfism; D005260:Female; D005539:Foramen Magnum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000502:physiology; D006041:Goats / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000592:standards; D009549:Nigeria; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development; D013045:Species Specificity; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers