title: Mixed polybrominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in stack gas emissions from industrial thermal processes.
abstract: Very little is known about mixed polybrominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBCDD/F) in industrial thermal processes. In this study, the occurrences and characteristics of PBCDD/F from various incineration and metallurgical processes were investigated. In addition, PBCDD/F analytical protocols based on HRGC/HRMS were developed and optimized. The sum of isomer group concentrations ranged from 1.7-3740 pmol Nm(-3) for PBCDF and 0.2-582 pmol Nm(-3) for PBCDD. For some metallurgical industries, the amounts of PBDD/F and PBCDD/F emitted were similar to or even higher than the amounts of PCDD/F. The sources of bromine and brominated-precursors in these processes should be evaluated. The PBCDD/F characteristics investigated included isomer group patterns, ratio of bromine and chlorine incorporated in PBCDD/F, and ratio of halogenated furans to dioxins. Lower brominated PBCDD/F were binomially distributed. But in some cases, the concentrations of higher brominated PBCDD/F were much higher than predicted from the binomial distribution. The formation mechanisms of PBDD/F, PBCDD/F, and PCDD/F in these processes were also evaluated.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Minghui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yeru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Honghai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Te
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ba
authors.forename: Yuwu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shuping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guijin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis*; D017745:Incineration; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins