title: NANOG regulates glioma stem cells and is essential in vivo acting in a cross-functional network with GLI1 and p53.
abstract: A cohort of genes associated with embryonic stem (ES) cell behaviour, including NANOG, are expressed in a number of human cancers. They form an ES-like signature we first described in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly invasive and incurable brain tumour. We have also shown that HEDGEHOG-GLI (HH-GLI) signalling is required for GBM growth, stem cell expansion and the expression of this (ES)-like stemness signature. Here, we address the function of NANOG in human GBMs and its relationship with HH-GLI activity. We find that NANOG modulates gliomasphere clonogenicity, CD133(+) stem cell cell behavior and proliferation, and is regulated by HH-GLI signalling. However, GLI1 also requires NANOG activity forming a positive loop, which is negatively controlled by p53 and vice versa. NANOG is essential for GBM tumourigenicity in orthotopic xenografts and it is epistatic to HH-GLI activity. Our data establish NANOG as a novel HH-GLI mediator essential for GBMs. We propose that this function is conserved and that tumour growth and stem cell behaviour rely on the status of a functional GLI1-NANOG-p53 network.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zbinden
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duquet
authors.forename: Aiala
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lorente-Trigos
authors.forename: Sandra-Nadia
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ngwabyt
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz i Altaba
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1
chemical_list: C400551:GLI1 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C486780:NANOG protein, human; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1