title: Manipulation of nasal fractures with local anaesthetic: a 'how to do it' with online video tutorial.
abstract: Nasal fractures are the most common facial fractures and displaced fractures may cause considerable cosmetic concern. Traditionally, displaced nasal fractures have been manipulated under general anaesthesia (GA) performed within 2 weeks of the injury. Despite evidence for the benefit of local anaesthesia (LA), nasal fractures are still most commonly reduced under GA. We have presented a method of reduction of simple nasal fractures under LA in an outpatient setting. This has the advantage of being painless, simple to attempt and cost-effective. If reduction is inadequate then a general anaesthetic reduction is still possible. A recent comprehensive systematic review of all the available evidence did not show any significant difference (in terms of cosmesis, pain or nasal obstruction) between using LA and GA methods and highlighted the evidence base to support LA. We describe our method of assessment and treatment of displaced nasal fractures and provide an online tutorial (http://sciencestage.com/v/22194/local-anaesthetic-nasal-fracture-reduction.html). It is important to keep in mind that any concerns should be referred to an otolaryngology specialist for further management and that practitioners attempting this technique should first receive training from an otolaryngologist.
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Costa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Repanos
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Earnshaw
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Coman
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D005596:Fractures, Closed / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008349:Manipulation, Orthopedic / Q000379:methods*; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000293:injuries*; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000628:therapy*