title: Considerations in timing of surgical intervention for infective endocarditis with cerebrovascular complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The timing of the surgical intervention for active infective endocarditis (IE) is particularly difficult when there is a cerebrovascular complication. The study aim was to investigate the results of surgical treatment for active IE in patients with recent cerebrovascular events, and to evaluate the relationship between the size of cerebral infarction and timing of the surgical intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1991 and April 2009, the details of 21 patients with cerebrovascular complications before surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Types of complication included cerebral infarction (n = 13), hemorrhagic infarction (n = 4), and cerebral hemorrhage (n = 4). The surgical treatment was single valve surgery (n = 14), multiple valve surgery (n = 3), and modified Bentall surgery (n = 4). The mean interval between onset of the cerebrovascular event and surgical intervention was 27.0 +/- 18.8 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients underwent surgery within two weeks; among these patient, seven had a small cerebral infarction (< or = 15 mm diameter) and one patient had a cerebral hemorrhage. Postoperative exacerbation of cerebral complications was not observed among the eight patients treated within two weeks. The interval between onset of the cerebral event and cardiac surgery was significantly shorter in patients with a small infarction (18 days) than with a large infarction (38 days) (p < 0.05). None of the patients with a small infarction had postoperative exacerbation of their cerebral complication, even with a significantly shorter interval. However, postoperative hemorrhage into the infarction area was observed in one patient with a large infarction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study results showed that IE patients with a small non-hemorrhagic cerebral infarction may safely undergo cardiac surgery, even within two weeks of the onset of a cerebrovascular event.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. mi_hosono@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosono
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakahira
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Akimasa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morisaki
authors.forename: Shigefumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suehiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000209:etiology*; D004696:Endocarditis / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors