title: Biological monitoring for occupational acrylamide exposure from acrylamide production workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a repeated-measurement study to (1) investigate the correlation between occupational exposure to airborne acrylamide (AA) and the time-dependent behavior of urinary AAMA, GAMA2, and GAMA3 and (2) calculate the estimated biological exposure index at the permissible exposure limit (PEL) level of 30 μg/m(3).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four workers were recruited--8 were AA-exposed and 36 were controls. Pre- and post-shift urine samples were collected from the exposed group in parallel with personal sampling for 8 consecutive days and only 1 day for the control group and analyzed using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-shift urinary AAMA level was significantly associated with personal AA exposure (p < 0.001), indicating that urinary AAMA was a better AA exposure biomarker. The estimated urinary excretion of AAMA was 3.0 mg/g creatinine for nonsmoking workers exposed to the PEL of 30 μg/m(3). The median GAMA (the sum of GAMA2 and GAMA3)/AAMA ratio for exposed workers was 0.03 (range, 0.005-0.14), relatively lower than that of the nonoccupational group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although sample size in this study was small, the repeated-measurement data provide useful reference for future studies related to biological monitoring of occupational exposure to AA.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Li-Nong St., Beitou, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kuen-Yuh
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Saou-Hsing
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: Shi-Nian
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Uang
authors.forename: Chu-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei-Chung
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Shih-Chuan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chih-Chun Jean
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Mei-Lien
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000178:Acrylamides / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013624:Taiwan; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D020106:Acrylamide