title: Does family history of cancer modify the effects of lifestyle risk factors on esophageal cancer? A population-based case-control study in China.
abstract: A population-based case-control study on esophageal cancer has been conducted since 2003 in Jiangsu Province, China. The aim of this analysis is to provide further evidence on the relationship between family history of cancer in first-degree relatives (FH-FDRs) and the risk of esophageal cancer, and to explore the joint effects for FH-FDR with major lifestyle risk factors. A total of 1,520 cases and 3,879 controls were recruited. Unconditional logistic regression was applied for evaluating independent association as well as potential interactions between FH-FDR and lifestyle risk factors on the risk of esophageal cancer. Population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated to quantify the proportion of cases attributable to risk factors. Results showed that with a FH-FDR of any malignant tumor or esophageal cancer, there is a 1.64- and 2.22-fold risk of esophageal cancer, respectively. Association was increased when there was more than one affected FDR (OR = 3.14) and younger age at diagnosis of relatives. Exposure of both FH-FDR and lifestyle risk factors strongly associated with esophageal cancer. Significant superadditivity interaction was found for FH-FDR with fast eating speed and diets low in fruits and vegetables. The estimation of PAF indicated that the majority of cases were attributed to lifestyle risk factors. In conclusion, it was found that FH-FDR significantly increases the risk of esophageal cancer and could modify the effect of certain lifestyle risk factors. If comprehensive lifestyle interventions are carried out within high-risk populations, there is a high probability of curbing occurrences of esophageal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zuo-Feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kampman
authors.forename: Jin-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ren-Qiang
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Ai-Min
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van't Veer
authors.forename: Frans J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: Jin-Kou
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects