title: The frontal assessment battery (FAB) reveals neurocognitive dysfunction in substance-dependent individuals in distinct executive domains: Abstract reasoning, motor programming, and cognitive flexibility.
abstract: Substance-dependence is highly associated with executive cognitive function (ECF) impairments. However, considering that it is difficult to assess ECF clinically, the aim of the present study was to examine the feasibility of a brief neuropsychological tool (the Frontal Assessment Battery - FAB) to detect specific ECF impairments in a sample of substance-dependent individuals (SDI). Sixty-two subjects participated in this study. Thirty DSM-IV-diagnosed SDI, after 2weeks of abstinence, and 32 healthy individuals (control group) were evaluated with FAB and other ECF-related tasks: digits forward (DF), digits backward (DB), Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). SDI did not differ from the control group on sociodemographic variables or IQ. However, SDI performed below the controls in DF, DB, and FAB. The SDI were cognitively impaired in 3 of the 6 cognitive domains assessed by the FAB: abstract reasoning, motor programming, and cognitive flexibility. The FAB correlated with DF, SCWT, and WCST. In addition, some neuropsychological measures were correlated with the amount of alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine use. In conclusion, SDI performed more poorly than the comparison group on the FAB and the FAB's results were associated with other ECF-related tasks. The results suggested a negative impact of alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine use on the ECF. The FAB may be useful in assisting professionals as an instrument to screen for ECF-related deficits in SDI.
authors.affiliation: Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. pjcunha@usp.br
authors.forename: Paulo Jannuzzi
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nicastri
authors.forename: Arthur Guerra
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.forename: Karen I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Bolla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000150:complications; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult