title: Mechanism of anti-hyperglycemic action of Vatairea macrocarpa (Leguminosae): investigation in peripheral tissues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that the treatment of diabetic rats during 21 days with V. macrocarpa stem-bark ethanolic extract (VmE), reduced glycemia, urinary glucose and urea, increased liver glycogen content and improved other parameters diabetes related. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the anti-hyperglycemic mechanisms of VmE could be caused by improvement in the insulin signaling pathway in the peripheral tissues (liver, adipose and skeletal muscle).
  
  
  METHODS
  Streptozotocin-diabetic rats were separated into two groups: diabetic control (DC) and diabetic treated with VmE (DT) during 21 days. The alterations on the insulin signaling in liver, retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RET) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were investigated through determination of insulin receptor (IR), protein kinase B/AKT content and AKT phosphorylation levels using Western blotting analysis. This same methodology was used to evaluate the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) levels in the liver from these animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment with the extract increased the content of IR and the basal phosphorylation of AKT in the three tissues. In the liver from diabetic treated group, the insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation was higher and the PEPCK protein levels were reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from this work suggest that the anti-hyperglycemic activity of stem-bark extract of V. macrocarpa can occur through stimulation of insulin signaling pathways in peripheral tissues from diabetic rats, mainly in liver and adipose tissue, probably promoting increase in the glucose uptake and liver glycogen synthesis. The concomitant decreasing in hepatic PEPCK levels could be associated to inhibition of gluconeogenesis, which can also contribute to glycemia reduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa s/n, Coxipó, 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Domingues
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Baviloni
authors.forename: Maísa Pavani
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Gustavo Mitsuo
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Aiko
authors.forename: Silvia Regina de Lima
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Márcia Queiroz
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Latorraca
authors.forename: Virginia Claudia
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Evandro Luiz
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Dall'Oglio
authors.forename: Paulo Teixeira
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.forename: Carbene França
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Amanda Martins
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Baviera
authors.forename: Nair Honda
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kawashita
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D007887:Fabaceae; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018547:Plant Stems; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts