title: Evaluation of colposcopy vs cytology as secondary test to triage women found positive on visual inspection test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colposcopic evaluation and guided biopsy is an important diagnostic step and standard of management for abnormal cytology smears in developed countries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluates the performance of colposcopy vs conventional cytology in estimating the presence and grade of cervical disease against the reference standard of histopathology as a secondary test modality to triage women found positive on primary screening by visual inspection with 5% acetic acid (VIA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Colposcopy and directed biopsy were performed after primary screening for cervical cancer in an urban hospital cancer screening clinic between January 2000 and June 2005, in Mumbai, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy women (8863) in the age group of 35-65 years participated in the cervical cancer early detection program in the hospital and community cancer screening clinics in Mumbai. Women found positive on the primary screening test by VIA underwent diagnostic evaluation by Pap smear cytology and colposcopy evaluation with directed biopsies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Accuracy parameters and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated using 2 X 2 tables and standard formulae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The test range of sensitivity of colposcopy for the detection of histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1+ (CIN1+) or CIN2+ was 58.0-74.7% and that of specificity was 57.5-92.9%. The sensitivity and specificity of cytology to detect CIN2+ was 57.4% and 99.4%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colposcopy is a good sensitive test for the detection of CIN and can be considered as a secondary testing tool to triage women found positive on VIA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Pimple
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Shastri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology*; D003127:Colposcopy; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014505:Urban Population; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology