title: Effect of essential oil of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. var. alashanensis on ischemia of myocardium, hypoxia and platelet aggregation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the cardioprotective potential of Syringa pinnatifolia Hems1. var. alashanensis essential oil (SPEO) against experimental acute myocardial ischemia (AMI), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced myocyte injury and activities against hypoxia and platelet aggregation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats, Kunming mice and primary cultured rat neonatal myocytes were used in this study. AMI in rats was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, and deviation of ST-segment, as well as changes of myocardial enzyme activities were observed. Hypoxia test in Kunming mice was performed to evaluate the effect of SPEO against hypoxia. The protective effect of SPEO on H(2)O(2)-induced cell injury was evaluated in terms of cell viability assay. The in vitro effect of SPEO against platelet aggregation was studied using adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) as agonist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of SPEO reduced deviation of ST-segment, decreased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and Troponin T (TnT) while increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The protective role of SPEO was further confirmed by histopathological examination. In the hypoxia test, both 8 and 32 mg/kg of SPEO could prolong survival time of mice under hypoxia condition. At the meantime SPEO showed remarkable protective effect on cultured rat myocyte death induced by H(2)O(2). SPEO also inhibited ADP-induced rat platelet aggregation by 47.4%, 37.0% and 32.9% at the dose of 5, 2.5 and 1.25 microg/mL, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that SPEO possessing activities against hypoxia, oxidative stress and platelet aggregation has a significant protective effect against experimental myocardial ischemia.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Wuliji
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: O
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiaochuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Juanjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Huibi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiangliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018547:Plant Stems; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D031662:Syringa / Q000737:chemistry*; D020107:Troponin T / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020107:Troponin T; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D003402:Creatine Kinase