title: Effects of Singulair (montelukast) treatment for capsular contracture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Capsular contracture (CC) is one of the most common complications of breast augmentation surgery. Leukotrienes are implicated in the inflammatory cascade and have been postulated to be involved in the formation of CC. Therefore, leukotriene antagonists Accolate and Singulair have been prescribed by plastic surgeons off-label to treat and prevent CC. To date, there are no studies investigating the efficacy of Singulair on CC.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors retrospectively review a series of patients treated with Singulair to determine whether it improves CC after breast implant surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients treated with Singulair by the senior surgeon (NH) after implant placement from March 2006 to November 2009 were included in this study. Follow-up on Singulair efficacy was obtained by a combination of office chart review and standardized telephone questionnaire. Results were characterized as complete improvement, improvement, no change, or worse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients presented with CC resulting from a variety of breast operations. Two patients who had a history of recurrent CC were prescribed Singulair prophylactically immediately after surgery. Twenty-one breasts with existing CC were included in the total. Two (11%) patients became worse, three (16%) patients had no change, five (26%) improved, seven (37%) completely improved, and two (11%) were prevented from having CC formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary study shows that Singulair improves CC. Breasts with mild CC (Baker score < III) appeared to have better improvement with Singulair compared to those with more severe contracture (Baker score III and IV). Singulair is well tolerated with minimal side effects and can be administered to patients after breast implant surgery to improve CC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Neal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Handel
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019928:Breast Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018427:Breast Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D003286:Contracture / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D056687:Off-Label Use; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D011804:Quinolines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013440:Sulfides; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists; D011804:Quinolines; D013440:Sulfides; C093875:montelukast