title: Randomized trial to compare LSA2L2-type maintenance therapy to daily 6-mercaptopurine and weekly methotrexate with vincristine and dexamethasone pulse for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A total of 201 pediatric cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated with the ALL-96 protocol by the Kyushu-Yamaguchi Children's Cancer Study Group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Risk stratification was based on white cell counts, immunophenotype, the presence of central nervous system disease at diagnosis, organomegaly, and early treatment response (day 14 bone marrow status). All of the patients were classified into standard-risk (SR) or high-risk (HR) groups and were randomly assigned to receive maintenance therapy with either LSA2L2-type or 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)/methotrexate (MTX) with vincristine (VCR) and dexamethasone (DEX) pulse in both risk groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 7-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates in the entire study population were 72.1% (95% CI: 68.0-76.2%) and 84.8% (95% CI: 79.7-89.9%), respectively, and the EFS of the SR patients (85.3% [95% CI: 78.2-92.4%]) was significantly better than HR patients (62.4% [95% CI: 52.2-72.6%]) (P = 0.0007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no differences in the EFS between the different maintenance therapies in each risk group; however, grade IV liver toxicity occurred more often in the patients receiving 6-MP/MTX with VCR and DEX therapy than in patients receiving LSA2L2.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatrics, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan. ynagatos@nk-cc.go.jp
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagatoshi
authors.forename: Akinobu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: Aiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suminoe
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inada
authors.forename: Kouichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moritake
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Itonaga
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hidaka
authors.forename: Takeharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Okamura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015122:Mercaptopurine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D015122:Mercaptopurine; D011241:Prednisone; D008727:Methotrexate; D003630:Daunorubicin