title: High-resolution manometry of pharyngeal swallow pressure events associated with head turn and chin tuck.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We quantified the effect of swallowing maneuvers on pharyngeal pressure events using high-resolution manometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven subjects swallowed multiple 5-mL water boluses in 3 different postural conditions: neutral, head turn, and chin tuck. Pressure and timing events were recorded with a 36-sensor high-resolution manometry catheter. We analyzed the regions of the velopharynx and the base of the tongue for maximum pressure, rate of pressure increase, pressure gradient, and duration of pressure above baseline. In the region of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), we analyzed the duration of pressure declination, minimum pressure during UES opening, and maximum pressures before and after UES opening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maneuvers did not have a significant effect on maximum pressure, rate of pressure increase, or pressure gradients in the velopharyngeal or tongue base regions. The duration of pressure above baseline was significantly longer in the velopharynx for head turn. The preswallow maximum UES pressure was significantly greater for neutral swallows than for head turn, and the postswallow maximum pressure was significantly lower for chin tuck. Both maneuvers appeared to prolong UES pressure declination duration, but neither prolongation reached significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-resolution manometry allows for optimal spatial and temporal resolution during recording of pressure events along the length of the pharynx, and revealed previously undetected task-dependent pressure and timing differences during chin tuck and head turn in healthy adults. These maneuvers appear to influence the UES to a greater degree than the velopharynx or the tongue base. Further studies designed to quantify the effect of other maneuvers and bolus consistencies on the generation of pharyngeal pressure events both in normal and in disordered subjects may lead to hypothesis-driven, optimal, individualized swallowing therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Michelle R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ciucci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002680:Chin / Q000502:physiology; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult