title: Simple, inexpensive attainment and measurement of very high cooling and warming rates.
abstract: We have developed a simple, inexpensive system (<$300 US) for measuring cooling and warming rates of small (∼ 0.1μl) aqueous samples at rates as high as 10(5)°C/min. The measurement system itself, can track rates approaching one million°C/min. For temperature sensing, a Type T thermocouple with 50μm wire was used. The thermocouple output voltage was read with an inexpensive USB based digital oscilloscope interfaced to a laptop computer, and the raw data were processed with MS Excel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37932, USA. fkleinha@IUPUI.edu
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Kleinhans
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazur
mesh_terms: D003080:Cold Temperature; D003201:Computers; D003625:Data Collection; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005615:Freezing; D006358:Hot Temperature; D013821:Thermometers