title: Chemotherapeutic drugs sensitize human renal cell carcinoma cells to ABT-737 by a mechanism involving the Noxa-dependent inactivation of Mcl-1 or A1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is very resistant to chemotherapy. ABT-737 is a novel inhibitor of anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family that has shown promise in various preclinical tumour models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We here report a strong over-additive pro-apoptotic effect of ABT-737 and etoposide, vinblastine or paclitaxel but not 5-fluorouracil in cell lines from human RCC. ABT-737 showed very little activity as a single agent but killed RCC cells potently when anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 or, unexpectedly, A1 was targeted by RNAi. This potent augmentation required endogenous Noxa protein since RNAi directed against Noxa but not against Bim or Puma reduced apoptosis induction by the combination of ABT-737 and etoposide or vinblastine. At the level of mitochondria, etoposide-treatment had a similar sensitizing activity and allowed for ABT-737-induced release of cytochrome c.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemotherapeutic drugs can overcome protection afforded by Mcl-1 and A1 through endogenous Noxa protein in RCC cells, and the combination of such drugs with ABT-737 may be a promising strategy in RCC. Strikingly, A1 emerged in RCC cell lines as a protein of similar importance as the well-established Mcl-1 in protection against apoptosis in these cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Microbiology, Technische Universitat Munchen, Trogerstr., Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zall
authors.forename: Arnim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Besch
authors.forename: Niko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zantl
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Häcker
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C501332:ABT-737; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009596:Nitrophenols; C498702:PMAIP1 protein, human; D010879:Piperazines; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D013449:Sulfonamides