title: The roles of PARP1 in gene control and cell differentiation.
abstract: Cell growth and differentiation during developmental processes require the activation of many inducible genes. However, eukaryotic chromatin, which consists of DNA and histones, becomes a natural barrier impeding access to the functional transcription machinery. To break through the chromatin barrier, eukaryotic organisms have evolved the strategy of using poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) to modulate chromatin structure and initiate the steps leading to gene expression control. As a structural protein in chromatin, enzymatically silent PARP1 inhibits transcription by contributing to the condensation of chromatin, which creates a barrier against gene transcription. However, once activated by environmental stimuli and developmental signals, PARP1 can modify itself and other chromatin-associated proteins, thereby loosening chromatin to facilitate gene transcription. Here we discuss the roles of PARP1 in transcriptional control during development.
authors.affiliation: Epigenetics and Progenitor Cell Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
authors.forename: Yingbiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Alexei V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Tulin
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006657:Histones; C524850:Parp protein, Drosophila; C499321:Parp1 protein, mouse; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases