title: Is cerebral oxygen supply compromised in preterm infants undergoing surgical closure for patent ductus arteriosus?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A haemodynamically important patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a risk factor for brain damage in preterm infants. The authors previously reported lower regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO(2)) in infants with PDA, which recovered after administration of indomethacin. However, PDA ligation has been reported to pose an even higher risk of neurodevelopmental impairment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the impact of surgical closure of PDA on rScO(2) and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE), measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, and on amplitude-integrated electro-encephalography (aEEG) measured brain activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 20 preterm infants (gestational age 24.7-30.4 weeks; birth weight 630-1540 g), blood pressure, arterial saturation, rScO(2), cFTOE and aEEG were monitored before, during and up to 24 h after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before surgery, median (range) rScO(2) was 53% (41-68%), and during surgery, but before ductal clipping, it was 46% (31-89%). Eleven infants showed a drop in blood pressure and 13 infants a drop in rScO(2) during surgery (range 2-21%), accompanied by a decrease in aEEG amplitude. Twelve infants had rScO(2) values below 50% during surgery, with five being below 40%. Only at 24 h after surgery was rScO(2) higher (61% (36-85%), p<0.05) and cFTOE values lower (0.38 (0.09-0.61); p<0.05) compared with preclipping values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ductal ligation poses a risk for a further decrease in already compromised cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands. p.lemmers@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Petra M A
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lemmers
authors.forename: Mirella C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Molenschot
authors.forename: Jola
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evens
authors.forename: Mona C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Toet
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Bel
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen