title: Hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition: reanalysis using marginal structural modeling.
abstract: Hormonal contraceptives are used widely worldwide; their effect on HIV acquisition remains unresolved. We reanalyzed data from the Hormonal Contraception and HIV Study using marginal structural modeling to reduce selection bias due to time-dependent confounding. Replicating our original analysis closely, we found that depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) but not combined oral contraceptive (COC) was associated with increased HIV acquisition. Also, young (18-24 years) but not older women who used DMPA and COCs were at increased HIV risk.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral and Biomedical Research Division, Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. cmorrison@fhi.org
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Pai-Lien
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Barbra A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Tsungai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chipato
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mugerwa
authors.forename: Josaphat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Byamugisha
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Padian
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Celentano
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Salata
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000009:adverse effects; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate