title: Ethnic differences in lipoprotein subclasses in obese adolescents: importance of liver and intraabdominal fat accretion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, the deleterious metabolic effects of visceral fat [visceral adipose tissue (VAT)] deposition were challenged, and liver fat emerged as having a key independent role in the modulation of cardiometabolic risk factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We explored the relation between liver fat content and VAT in 3 ethnic groups and evaluated whether the ethnic differences in the distributions of lipoprotein concentrations and sizes were associated with the hepatic fat fraction (HFF), VAT, or both.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multiethnic group of 33 white, 33 African American, and 33 Hispanic obese adolescents with normal glucose tolerance, we measured VAT and HFF by using magnetic resonance imaging. Fasting lipoprotein particle number and size were measured by using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To assess the association between VAT and HFF, we categorized VAT into tertiles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In each ethnic group, HFF values increased between successive tertiles of VAT. After multivariate adjustment and in comparison with the 2 other groups, African Americans showed lower triglyceride (P = 0.001) and higher HDL (P = 0.03) concentrations, lower concentrations of total (P = 0.007), large (P = 0.005), and medium (P lt 0.0001) VLDL, but higher concentrations of large HDL particles (P = 0.01) and larger HDL (P = 0.005). In multivariate linear models, independent of ethnicity, VAT was a significant predictor for large HDL (P = 0.003) and total small LDL (P = 0.001) concentrations, whereas HFF significantly predicted large VLDL (P = 0.03) concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver fat accretion, independent of VAT, may play a role in the ethnic differences seen in large VLDL particles. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00536250.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Ebe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: D'Adamo
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Northrup
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pierpont
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Savoye
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caprio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides