title: Pathophysiological classification of functional dyspepsia using a novel drinking-ultrasonography test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by various upper abdominal symptoms. The major mechanism of FD symptoms includes impaired fundic accommodation, delayed gastric emptying, and visceral hypersensitivity. We developed a novel drinking-ultrasonography test to combine a drink test with ultrasonography to assess gastric motility and sensory function of FD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 60 successive FD patients according to the Rome III criteria. A drinking-ultrasonography test was performed after subjects had fasted. The subjects ingested 200 ml of water at 2-min intervals 4 times (total 800 ml) through a straw. The maximum cross section of the proximal stomach was visualized before water intake, after each water intake, and 5 and 10 min after the completion of drinking using extracorporeal ultrasonography. Abdominal symptoms were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) a total of 5 times. The normal range of cross-sectional area and VAS were set using average +/- standard deviations of 33 healthy volunteers. Cases outside the normal range were diagnosed with a motor or sensory disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The drinking-ultrasonography test classified FD patients into four groups without adverse effect or trouble. The distribution of each group was 27% in the normal group, 15% in the impaired relaxation group, 10% in the delayed emptying group, and 48% in the visceral hypersensitivity group. There was no significant correlation between the pathophysiological classification and subtypes of FD defined by the Rome III criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We developed a novel drinking-ultrasonography test that was effective in classifying FD patients according to pathophysiological features.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8468 Japan. m-kato@med.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mototsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Urara
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Rumiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asaka
authors.forename: Masahira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haneda
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Shouko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asaka
mesh_terms: D004326:Drinking; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000502:physiology; D013270:Stomach / Q000503:physiopathology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water