title: The role of health and non-health-related factors in repeat emergency department visits in an elderly urban population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients aged 65 years or older account for a growing proportion of emergency department (ED) repeat attendances. This study aimed to identify health and non-health factors associated with repeat ED attendance, defined as one or more visits in the previous 6 months in patients aged 65 years or older, and to examine the interaction between social and health factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  306 patients were interviewed. Demographic, socioeconomic, physical, mental health and post-ED referrals were examined. Logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with a repeat ED visit, OR and 95% CI are presented. Log likelihood ratio tests were used to test for interactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ED revisits were reported by 37% of this elderly population. Independent risk factors for a repeat ED visit were previous hospital admission OR 3.78 (95% CI 2.53 to 5.65), anxiety OR 1.13 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.22), being part of a vulnerable social network OR 2.32 (95% CI 1.12 to 4.81), whereas a unit increase in physical inability as measured by the Nottingham Health Profile had a week association OR 1.01 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.02). There were no significant interactions between social networks and the other health-related variables (p>0.05). In patients directly discharged from ED, 48% (71/148) had no documented referrals made to community services, of which 18% (27/148) were repeat ED attendees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ED act as an important safety net for older people regardless of economic or demographic backgrounds. Appropriate assessment and referral are an essential part of this safety role.
authors.affiliation: UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. corina.naughton@ucd.ie
authors.forename: Corina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Naughton
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drennan
authors.forename: Pearl
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Treacy
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fealy
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kilkenny
authors.forename: Felicity
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population