title: Pancreatic involvement in melioidosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Melioidosis is endemic to tropical regions and, despite the common occurrence of intra-abdominal abscesses, pancreatic involvement in melioidosis has not previously been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report our experience with pancreatic melioidosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 65 patients treated for melioidosis who had computed tomography (CT) scans were identified from prospective databases and were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A detailed review of cases with pancreas involvement was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were four cases (three males and one female; median age 29.5 years, range: 25-48 years) with pancreatic melioidosis, giving a prevalence of 6.2%. All had predisposing conditions (two had poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and two had thalassemia) for melioidosis. Fever (100%), anorexia (100%), weight loss (100%), rigor (75%) and abdominal pain (75%) were the most common symptoms at presentation and the median duration of symptoms before presentation was six weeks (range: 2-8 weeks). All pancreatic abscesses were detected on CT scan. Multiple foci involvement was common (3 to 6 sites): blood (4 patients), liver (3 patients), psoas muscle (2 patients), spleen (2 patients), infected ascites (2 patients) and lung (1 patient). Pancreatic involvement ranged from multi-focal micro-abscesses to focal large abscesses and involved all parts of the pancreas (body 100%, head 75% and tail 50%). Associated pancreatic findings included splenic vein thrombosis, peripancreatic inflammation and peripancreatic fat streaking. All the pancreatic abscesses were resolved with antibiotics without requiring pancreatic abscess drainage (including one patient who died from disseminated melioidosis).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pancreatic involvement typically occurs as part of multi-organ involvement and commonly manifests as multifoci micro-abscesses. Associated pancreatic abnormalities were also common. All responded to treatment without requiring drainage.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam. chongvuih@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Vui Heng
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Kian Soon
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Faizal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sharif
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008554:Melioidosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents