title: A comparison between metabolic syndrome post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and spontaneously occurring metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is used in the treatment of several hematological and non-hematological disorders. An increasing number of long-term survivors recover from their primary disease, but they are at risk of adverse late effects, including metabolic syndrome (MS), which seems to be common in long-term survivors of HSCT.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare common metabolic parameters and adipohormone profiles in post-transplant and spontaneously occurring or "classic" MS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Post-transplant MS patients (15 women and 14 men; 49.8±9.3 yr) were compared to "classic" MS patients (15 women and 14 men; 52.9±8.0 yr). For each subject a record of conventional clinical parameters was made; moreover, serum leptin, insulin, quantitative C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and adiponectin concentrations were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with post-HSCT MS had significantly higher levels of leptin, CRP, and TNF-α than the patients with "classic" MS. A generalized linear model comprising serum insulin (p=0.022), body mass index (p<0.001), gender (p<0.001), and group (i.e. healthy, post-HSCT with MS, or suffering from "classic" MS; p<0.001) explained serum leptin variability (adjusted R(2)=0.741). Serum leptin concentrations and BMI were related in the patients with "classic" MS but not in those with post-HSCT MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A possible pathogenetic mechanism in the development of MS after HSCT could be hyperleptinemia. A potential interaction among circulating leptin, components of MS, and immune function might explain the role of this adipokine in mediating cardiovascular risk after HSCT.
authors.affiliation: First Internal Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy. lorena.airaghi@policlinico.mi.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Airaghi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Usardi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Forti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orsatti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baldini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Annaloro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lambertenghi Deliliers
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D007328:Insulin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein