title: Antibiotic resistance in faecal bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp.) in feral pigeons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the presence of antibiotic-resistant faecal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in feral pigeons (Columba livia forma domestica) in the Czech Republic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cloacal swabs of feral pigeons collected in the city of Brno in 2006 were cultivated for antibiotic-resistant E. coli. Resistance genes, class 1 and 2 integrons, and gene cassettes were detected in resistant isolates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The samples were also cultivated for enterococci. Species status of enterococci isolates was determined using repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR. Resistance genes were detected in resistant enterococci by PCR. E. coli isolates were found in 203 of 247 pigeon samples. Antibiotic resistance was recorded in three (1·5%, n(E. coli) =203) isolates. Using agar containing ciprofloxacin, 12 (5%, n(samples) =247) E. coli strains resistant to ciprofloxacin were isolated. No ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were detected. A total of 143 enterococci were isolated: Ent. faecalis (36 isolates), Ent. faecium (27), Ent. durans (19), Ent. hirae (17), Ent. mundtii (17), Ent. gallinarum (12), Ent. casseliflavus (12) and Ent. columbae (3). Resistance to one to four antibiotics was detected in 45 (31%) isolates. Resistances were determined by tetK, tetL, tetM, tetO, aac(6')aph(2''), ant(4')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ermB, pbp5, vanA and vanC1 genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antibiotic-resistant E. coli and Enterococcus spp. occurred in feral pigeons in various prevalences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Feral pigeon should be considered a risk species for spreading in the environment antimicrobial resistant E. coli and enterococci.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Radimersky
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frolkova
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Janoszowska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dolejska
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Svec
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roubalova
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cikova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cizek
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Literak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010856:Columbidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents