title: Renal macrophage migration and crystal phagocytosis via inflammatory-related gene expression during kidney stone formation and elimination in mice: Detection by association analysis of stone-related gene expression and microstructural observation.
abstract: Mice have a strong ability to eliminate renal calcium oxalate crystals, and our previous examination indicated a susceptibility in which monocyte-macrophage interaction could participate in the phenomenon. To clarify the macrophage-related factors playing roles in the prevention of crystal formation in mouse kidneys, morphologic and expression studies based on microarray pathway analysis were performed. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were administered 80 mg/kg of glyoxylate by daily intraabdominal injection for 15 days, and the kidneys were extracted every 3 days for DNA microarray analysis. Based on the raw data of microarray analysis, pathway analyses of inflammatory response demonstrated macrophage activation through the increased expression of chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 1, fibronectin 1, and major histocompatability (MHC) class II. Association analysis of related gene expression values by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated the high association of chemokine (C-C) ligand 2, CD44, colony-stimulating factor 1, fibronectin 1, matrix gla protein, secreted phosphoprotein 1, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) with the amount of both renal crystals and F4/80, a macrophage marker. Immunohistochemically, interstitial macrophages increased during the experimental course, and CD44 and MHC class II were upregulated around crystal-formation sites. Ultrastructural observation of renal macrophages by transmission electron microscopy indicated interstitial macrophage migration with the phagocytosis of crystals. In conclusion, increased expression of inflammation-related genes of renal tubular cells induced by crystal formation and deposition could induce monocyte-macrophage migration and phagocytosis via the interaction of CD44 with osteopontin and fibronectin. Such crystal-removing ability of macrophages through phagocytosis and digestion might become a new target for the prevention of stone formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City, Aichi, Japan. a-okada@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niimi
authors.forename: Shuzo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamamoto
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tozawa
authors.forename: Yutaro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000378:metabolism*; D002465:Cell Movement; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006038:Glyoxylates; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010587:Phagocytosis
chemical_list: D006038:Glyoxylates; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; C031150:glyoxylic acid