title: Morbidity and mortality among infants born to HIV-infected women in South Africa: implications for child health in resource-limited settings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined correlates of infant morbidity and mortality within the first 3 months of life among HIV-exposed infants receiving post-exposure antiretroviral prophylaxis in South Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective cohort study of 848 mother-child dyads. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main causes of infant morbidity were gastrointestinal and respiratory infections. Morbidity was higher with infant HIV infection (HR: 2.61; 95% CI: 1.40-4.85; p = 0.002) and maternal plasma viral load (PVL) >100,000 copies ml⁻¹ (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.01-3.48; p = 0.048), and lower with maternal age < 20 years (HR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.07-0.88; p = 0.031). Mortality was higher with infant HIV infection (HR: 4.10; 95% CI: 1.18-14.31; p = 0.027) and maternal PVL >100,000 copies ml⁻¹ (HR: 6.93; 95% CI: 1.64-29.26; p = 0.008). Infant feeding status did not influence the risk of morbidity nor mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future interventions that minimize pediatric HIV infection and reduce maternal viremia, which are the main predictors of child health soon after birth, will impact positively on infant health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Kartik K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Bruyn
authors.forename: Edmore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marinda
authors.forename: Kennedy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otwombe
authors.forename: Ronelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Niekerk
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: Elizabeth W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Triche
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: McGarvey
authors.forename: Mark N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Lurie
authors.forename: Glenda E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D015497:HIV-1; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008423:Maternal Age; D009017:Morbidity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents