title: The prevalence of dental, facial and head injuries sustained by schoolboy rugby players. A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental, orofacial and head injuries and of mouthguard use among schoolboy rugby players.
  
  
  METHODS
  All members of the first and second XV rugby squads at three secondary schools (two in England and one in Australia) were included in the study. All participants answered a questionnaire that sought information regarding dental, orofacial and head injuries. Statistical differences between groups were determined using chi-square tests for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis tests for discrete (count) variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and seventy-eight completed questionnaires were returned (100% response rate). One hundred and twenty-five (70%) players reported having sustained at least one injury (range 1-4). Facial injuries were common. Dental injuries were the most prevalent injury: 46 (26%) were reported. Fractured teeth were reported by 20 (11%) players, and avulsed teeth by 7 (4%). There was evidence of a difference between schools in the prevalence of injured players (P=0.014), but among those reporting injuries, there was no difference between schools in the number of injuries (P=0.95). All players said that they used a mouthguard regularly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dental, orofacial and head injuries were commonly reported. Dental injuries were the most prevalent type of injury. All players used mouthguards regularly.
authors.affiliation: School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, UK. r.jagger@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Jagger
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbasbhai
authors.forename: Dilan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Daryll C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Jagger
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Griffiths
mesh_terms: D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D009064:Mouth Protectors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D012574:Schools; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology