title: Relationship between corneal topographical changes and subjective myopic reduction in overnight orthokeratology: a retrospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the relationship between the change in the manifest refractive error (DeltaM), the change in apical corneal power (DeltaACP) and initial corneal asphericity (Q) in overnight orthokeratology (ortho-K).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-eight clinical records of children undergoing ortho-K from a university optometry clinic were reviewed. The refractive and topographical data at baseline and at two-week visit of 58 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were retrieved and analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences (p < 0.001) between the change in manifest refractive error and changes in the apical corneal power or the maximum change in corneal power (DeltaMCP) within the treatment zone were found. Linear regression analysis was used to describe the change in manifest refractive error and the change in apical corneal power, and the change in manifest refractive error and the maximum change in corneal power, with the equations: DeltaM = 0.91DeltaACP + 0.57 (r = 0.78, p < 0.001) and DeltaM = 0.93DeltaMCP + 0.01 (r = 0.79, p < 0.001) respectively. On average, the change in apical corneal power underestimated the change in manifest refractive error by 0.34 +/- 0.57 D; whereas on average, the maximum change in corneal power overestimated the change in manifest refractive error by 0.23 +/- 0.57 D (paired-t-tests, p < 0.001). A low but significant correlation between initial corneal asphericity and the change in manifest refractive error (Spearman r = -0.33, p = 0.01) was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The change in apical corneal power underestimates the change in manifest refractive error in ortho-K, whereas the maximum change in corneal power overestimates this parameter. Compared with retinoscopy and autorefraction, the change in apical corneal power is still useful for estimation of the change in manifest refractive error. Although the maximum change in corneal power appears to give a closer estimation of the change in manifest refractive error than the change in apical corneal power, there is no advantage in the use of maximum corneal power (manually located) instead of apical corneal power (a default given by the topographer) to estimate the change in manifest refractive error, as there is no significant difference in the estimations by either parameter. Initial corneal asphericity measured by the Medmont E300 corneal topographer has limited usage in predicting the change in manifest refractive error in overnight ortho-K.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mountford
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019781:Corneal Topography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D054158:Orthokeratologic Procedures; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome