title: A "GC-rich" method for mammalian gene expression: a dominant role of non-coding DNA GC content in regulation of mammalian gene expression.
abstract: High mammalian gene expression was obtained for more than twenty different proteins in different cell types by just a few laboratory scale stable gene transfections for each protein. The stable expression vectors were constructed by inserting a naturally-occurring 1.006 kb or a synthetic 0.733 kb DNA fragment (including intron) of extremely GC-rich at the 5' or/and 3' flanking regions of these protein genes or their gene promoters. This experiment is the first experimental evidence showing that a non-coding extremely GC-rich DNA fragment is a super "chromatin opening element" and plays an important role in mammalian gene expression. This experiment has further indicated that chromatin-based regulation of mammalian gene expression is at least partially embedded in DNA primary structure, namely DNA GC-content.
authors.affiliation: NCPC R&D Center, Shijiazhuang, 050015, China. qianjiazh@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Qian
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authors.affiliation: NCPC R&D Center, Shijiazhuang, 050015, China.
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authors.affiliation: NCPC R&D Center, Shijiazhuang, 050015, China.
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authors.affiliation: NCPC R&D Center, Shijiazhuang, 050015, China.
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authors.affiliation: NCPC R&D Center, Shijiazhuang, 050015, China.
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authors.affiliation: AmProtein Inc, Camarillo, CA, 93010, USA.|AmProtein China, Hangzhou, 310019, China.
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authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: NCPC R&D Center, Shijiazhuang, 050015, China.
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authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbioloy and Epidemiology Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China.
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authors.affiliation: AmProtein China, Hangzhou, 310019, China.
authors.forename: Shuyin
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authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Harbin Pharmaceutical Group R&D Center, Harhin, 150086, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: NCPC R&D Center, Shijiazhuang, 050015, China.
authors.forename: XiangFeng
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authors.affiliation: NCPC R&D Center, Shijiazhuang, 050015, China.
authors.forename: YanMin
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authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: AmProtein China, Hangzhou, 310019, China.
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authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Harbin Pharmaceutical Group R&D Center, Harhin, 150086, China.
authors.forename: HongJie
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authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbioloy and Epidemiology Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China.
authors.forename: XinHui
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authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Huayi Biotech, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: ChunHua
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authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: AmProtein China, Hangzhou, 310019, China.
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authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: AmProtein China, Hangzhou, 310019, China.
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authors.affiliation: AmProtein China, Hangzhou, 310019, China.
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authors.affiliation: AmProtein China, Hangzhou, 310019, China.
authors.forename: Xiyan
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authors.affiliation: AmProtein China, Hangzhou, 310019, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
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authors.affiliation: AmProtein China, Hangzhou, 310019, China.
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authors.affiliation: AmProtein China, Hangzhou, 310019, China.
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authors.affiliation: AmProtein China, Hangzhou, 310019, China.
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authors.affiliation: AmProtein China, Hangzhou, 310019, China.
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authors.affiliation: AmProtein China, Hangzhou, 310019, China.
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authors.affiliation: Harbin Pharmaceutical Group R&D Center, Harhin, 150086, China.
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authors.affiliation: Harbin Pharmaceutical Group R&D Center, Harhin, 150086, China.
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authors.affiliation: Harbin Pharmaceutical Group R&D Center, Harhin, 150086, China.
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authors.affiliation: Harbin Pharmaceutical Group R&D Center, Harhin, 150086, China.
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authors.affiliation: AmProtein Inc, Camarillo, CA, 93010, USA.
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authors.lastname: Rishton
authors.affiliation: Harbin Pharmaceutical Group R&D Center, Harhin, 150086, China.
authors.forename: YuYang
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authors.affiliation: Harbin Pharmaceutical Group R&D Center, Harhin, 150086, China.
authors.forename: GouQing
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authors.affiliation: AmProtein China, Hangzhou, 310019, China.
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authors.affiliation: NCPC R&D Center, Shijiazhuang, 050015, China.
authors.forename: WenXian
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authors.affiliation: NCPC R&D Center, Shijiazhuang, 050015, China.
authors.forename: LiJun
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authors.affiliation: Harbin Pharmaceutical Group R&D Center, Harhin, 150086, China.
authors.forename: QiuBo
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authors.affiliation: Harbin Pharmaceutical Group R&D Center, Harhin, 150086, China.
authors.forename: ZhengWu
authors.initials: Z
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authors.affiliation: Harbin Pharmaceutical Group R&D Center, Harhin, 150086, China.
authors.forename: XiuQin
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authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Huayi Biotech, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbioloy and Epidemiology Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China. chenwei0226@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
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authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Harbin Pharmaceutical Group R&D Center, Harhin, 150086, China.
authors.forename: Huicheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: NCPC R&D Center, Shijiazhuang, 050015, China. mhui@amprotein.com.|AmProtein Inc, Camarillo, CA, 93010, USA. mhui@amprotein.com.|Harbin Pharmaceutical Group R&D Center, Harhin, 150086, China. mhui@amprotein.com.|AmProtein China, Hangzhou, 310019, China. mhui@amprotein.com.
authors.forename: Matthew Mizhou
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hui
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D016466:CHO Cells; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002645:Chickens; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics*; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002843:Chromatin; D004247:DNA