title: Protective effects of Etlingera elatior extract on lead acetate-induced changes in oxidative biomarkers in bone marrow of rats.
abstract: Several environmental toxins with toxic effects to the bone marrow have been identified. Pathology associated with lead intoxication is due to the cellular damage mediated by free radicals. In the current study, we examined the effect of Etlingera elatior extract on lead-induced changes in the oxidative biomarkers and histology of bone marrow of rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 500 ppm lead acetate in their drinking water for 14 days. E. elatior extract was treated orally (100mg/kg body weight) in combination with, or after lead acetate treatment. The results showed that there was a significant increase in lipid hydroperoxide, protein carbonyl content and a significant decrease in total antioxidants, super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione--S-transferase in bone marrow after lead acetate exposure. Treatment with E. elatior decreased lipid hydroperoxides and protein carbonyl contents and significantly increased total antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. Treatments with E. elatior extract also reduced, lead-induced histopathological damage in bone marrow. In conclusion, these data suggest that E. elatior has a powerful antioxidant effect, and it protects the lead acetate-induced bone marrow oxidative damage in rats.
authors.affiliation: Human Biology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia. hsnagaraja@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nagaraja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haleagrahara
authors.forename: Tan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jackie
authors.forename: Srikumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakravarthi
authors.forename: Mallikarjuna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Thanikachalam
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pasupathi
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000431:Ethanol; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020011:Protective Agents; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D030521:Zingiberaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012997:Solvents; D007854:Lead; D000431:Ethanol; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C008261:lead acetate