title: Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in tea prepared from naturally contaminated powdered ginger.
abstract: The migration of several major mycotoxins, aflatoxins B(1) (AFB(1)), B(2), G(1), and G(2) (AFT, total of the aflatoxins) and ochratoxin A (OTA), from naturally contaminated powdered ginger to surrounding liquid (tea) was investigated. The toxins are commonly found in cereal grains and are toxic, carcinogenic and thermostable. Ginger root is widely used for digestive problems. Powdered ginger (2 g) found to contain AFT and OTA was placed in an empty heat sealable tea bag. The tea bag was heat-sealed and used to prepare tea under different conditions: temperature (50 and 100 degrees C), time (5 and 10 min) and volume (100 and 200 ml). The tea bag was placed in hot water and stirred every 1 min for 5 s during the first 5 min of steeping. After steeping, the tea bag was removed and the tea and ginger residue (in the tea bag) were analysed separately for AFT and OTA. After extraction and immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up, the isolated AFT and OTA were separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and quantified using a fluorescence detector. At 100 degrees C, approximately 30-40% of AFB(1) and AFT and 20-30% of OTA in the contaminated ginger were found in the ginger tea; the total amounts of AFT and OTA in tea varied less than 5% under the three conditions of preparation. At 50 degrees C, about 10% of OTA and AFT were found in tea. This is the first study on the migration of AFT from botanicals to tea. It is also the first to study the distribution of AFT and OTA from powdered ginger to tea and ginger residue.
authors.affiliation: Bromatology and Chemistry, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Rua Minas 877, CEP 14090-230, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. mhiha@ial.sp.gov.br
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Iha
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Trucksess
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry*; D017365:Spices / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A; D016604:Aflatoxin B1