title: Inhibition of FGFR2 and FGFR1 increases cisplatin sensitivity in ovarian cancer.
abstract: Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) have been implicated in malignant transformation, tumor mitogenesis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance. The aim of this study was to determine which FGFs and FGFRs play functional roles in epithelial ovarian cancer. Restriction enzyme analysis of mRNA revealed that transformation was associated with a switch in FGFR2 and FGFR3, from the IIIc to the IIIb isoform. There was widespread expression of FGFs, including FGF7, in all tissues but, FGF3 and FGF19 were expressed by malignant cell lines and cancer tissue but were not present in normal tissue. Using FGFR-specific shRNAi we demonstrated that reductions in FGFR2 inhibited proliferation of ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro (>50%, p < 0.006) and reduced cisplatin IC(50) (>60%, p < 0.0001). Cell cycle analysis revealed increased cisplatin sensitivity was associated with increased G(2)/M arrest and increased apoptosis. FGFR2 shRNAi reduced growth rates of ovarian tumor xenografts by 20% (p < 0.006) and when combined with cisplatin caused a 40% reduction in proliferation rates (p < 0.007). In contrast, RNAi-induced reductions in FGFR1 increased SKOV3 cell numbers, with associated changes in cell cycle but had no effect on ES2 cells. However, the cisplatin IC(50) was reduced (>50%, p < 0.0001) by FGFR1 shRNAi in both cell lines and there was increased apoptosis (46-50%) compared with control cells (35%) (p < 0.004). Together our data suggest that combining FGFR2 inhibitors with platinum-containing cytotoxic agents for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer may yield increased antitumor activity. However, data on the inhibition of FGFR1 suggest that broad spectrum FGFR inhibitors may have unexpected effects on proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK and University of Manchester Dept. Translational Angiogenesis, Paterson Institute, Withington, Manchester, UK. ccole@picr.man.ac.uk
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Sin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Backen
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clamp
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rushton
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dive
authors.forename: Cassandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hodgkinson
authors.forename: Rhona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McVey
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitchener
authors.forename: Gordon C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Jayson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; C496348:FGFR1 protein, human; C496353:FGFR2 protein, human; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; D002945:Cisplatin