title: Evaluation of demineralized bone and bone transplants in vitro and in vivo with cone beam computed tomography imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the ability of two flat panel cone beam CT (CBCT) devices to identify demineralized bone and bone transplants in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Datasets from patients with autologous bone grafts (n = 9, KaVo 3DeXam (KaVo, Biberach, Germany); n = 38, Accuitomo 40 (Morita, Osaka, Japan)) were retrospectively evaluated. Demineralized and non-demineralized porcine cancellous bone blocks were examined with the two CBCT devices. A SawBone skull (Pacific Research Laboratories, Vashon, WA) was used as a positioning tool for the bone blocks. Descriptive evaluation and image quality assessment were conducted on the KaVo 3DeXam data (voxel size 0.3 mm) using the OsiriX viewer as well as on the Morita Accuitomo data (voxel size 0.25 mm) using proprietary viewer software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both in vivo and in vitro, the descriptive analysis of the images of the two devices showed well-visualized bone transplants with clearly defined cancellous bones and well-defined single bone trabeculae in all cross-sections. In vitro, demineralized samples showed lower radiographic opacity but no significant loss of quality compared with fresh bone (P = 0.070). Single cancellous bone trabeculae were significantly better visualized with the Morita 3D Accuitomo device than with the KaVo 3DeXam device (P = 0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the KaVo 3DeXam and Morita 3D Accuitomo devices produce good-quality images of cancellous bones in in vivo remodelling as well as after in vitro demineralization.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University of Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany. draenert@uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Draenert
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gebhart
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berthold
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gosau
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D000818:Animals; D018775:Bone Demineralization Technique; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002614:Chelating Agents; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004492:Edetic Acid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D004492:Edetic Acid