title: Non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis characterized by mesio-temporal seizures and extratemporal lesions: a case report.
abstract: Limbic encephalitis (LE) can be either paraneoplastic or a non-paraneoplastic autoimmune disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) classically shows hyperintensities of the temporal structures, but multifocal involvement of extratemporal cortex has also been described in paraneoplastic LE. Here we describe a 27-year-old woman whose idiopathic autoimmune (glutamic acid decarboxylase-antibody positive) LE debuted with multiple daily mesio-temporal seizures, amnesia and multifocal extratemporal cortical MRI abnormalities. Mesio-temporal MRI signal increase was found after 20 days. This case report highlights that early diagnosis of non-paraneoplastic LE may be considered in patients with multiple daily mesio-temporal seizures and amnesia even in the absence of early typical MRI abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cianci
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Labate
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lanza
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gambardella
authors.forename: Damiano
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Branca
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arcudi
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aguglia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase