Long-term changes in refractive error in patients with accommodative esotropia.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate changes in the spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error and astigmatism in Korean patients with accommodative esotropia.


METHODS
Retrospective cases series.


METHODS
A total of 111 patients with accommodative esotropia who received at least 2 years of follow-up after receiving prescription spectacles.


METHODS
Patients were divided into groups according to the age at which spectacles were prescribed (youngest, middle, and oldest age groups), initial degree of SE refractive error (lowest, moderate, and highest SE group), initial degree of astigmatism (least, moderate, and most astigmatic group), and presence of amblyopia (amblyopic or nonamblyopic). Changes in SE refractive error and astigmatism were compared between groups. Factors that significantly influenced changes in refractive error were analyzed using mixed linear models.


METHODS
Changes in SE refractive error and changes in astigmatism according to the duration of time after the initiation of wearing spectacles.


RESULTS
Patients were followed up for a mean of 7.55 ± 3.59 years. Although an initial increase in SE was noted in the youngest-age group, an overall decreasing tendency in SE refractive error during the follow-up period was noted in the youngest (P < 0.01, mixed linear model), the middle (P < 0.01), and the oldest (P < 0.01) age groups. Amblyopic eyes showed greater decreases in SE compared with nonamblyopic eyes (P=0.01). The most hyperopic group showed the greatest decrease in hyperopia over time (P=0.01). The initial degree of hyperopia (P < 0.01) and amblyopia (P < 0.01) showed significant associations with changes in SE refractive error. The initial degree of astigmatism (P < 0.01) showed a significant association with changes in astigmatism.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with accommodative esotropia showed a continuous decrease in SE refractive error over time. Changes in refractive error in patients with accommodative esotropia may be influenced by both spectacle wearing and amblyopia.


BACKGROUND
The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Park
Kyung-Ah
KA
Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Kim
Sun-Ah
SA
Oh
Sei Yeul
SY
D000065:Accommodation, Ocular; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004948:Esotropia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology