title: Pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone as an adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled, 2-center, parallel-group trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pregnenolone (PREG) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are reported to have a modulatory effect on neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, and response to stress; they are associated with mood regulation and cognitive performance. We investigated the influence of PREG and DHEA on psychotic symptoms and cognitive functioning as an add-on to ongoing antipsychotic treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 8-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-center study compared 30 mg/d of PREG (PREG-30), 200 mg/d of PREG (PREG-200), 400 mg/d of DHEA, and placebo as an adjunctive treatment of 58 chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder patients (DSM-IV). The data were collected from February 2005 until June 2007. The outcome measures were symptomatic and neurocognitive changes, functioning, and tolerability as assessed primarily by the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Analyses are presented for 44 patients who completed 8 weeks of treatment and for 14 noncompleters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with subjects who received placebo, those administered PREG-30 had significant reductions in positive symptom scores and extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and improvement in attention and working memory performance, whereas subjects treated with PREG-200 did not differ on outcome variable scores for the study period. The general psychopathology severity and general functioning of patients receiving placebo and PREG-30 improved more than that of those subjects treated with DHEA, while EPS improved more in subjects treated with DHEA than in patients receiving placebo. Negative symptoms and akathisia were not significantly benefited by any treatment. The administration of PREG and DHEA was well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose PREG augmentation demonstrated significant amelioration of positive symptoms and EPS and improvement in attention and working memory performance of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients. Further double-blind controlled studies are needed to investigate the clinical benefit of pregnenolone augmentation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00174889.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. ritsner@sm.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ritsner
authors.forename: Anatoly
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gibel
authors.forename: Tatyana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shleifer
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Boguslavsky
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zayed
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maayan
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weizman
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lerner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000009:adverse effects; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011284:Pregnenolone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; D011284:Pregnenolone