title: Subjective responses to alcohol consumption as endophenotypes: advancing behavioral genetics in etiological and treatment models of alcoholism.
abstract: Individual differences in subjective responses to alcohol consumption represent genetically mediated biobehavioral mechanisms of alcoholism risk (i.e., endophenotype). The objective of this review is three-fold: (1) to provide a critical review the literature on subjective response to alcohol and to discuss the rationale for its conceptualization as an endophenotype for alcoholism; (2) to examine the literature on the neurobiological substrates and associated genetic factors subserving individual differences in subjective response to alcohol; and (3) to discuss the treatment implications of this approach and to propose a framework for conceptualizing, and systematically integrating, endophenotypes into alcoholism treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563,USA. lararay@psych.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Lara A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mackillop
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Monti
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005824:Genetics, Behavioral; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D010641:Phenotype