title: Prophylactic cefdinir for pediatric cases of complicated urinary tract infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the effect of prophylactic cefdinir (3 mg/kg given once daily) for the prevention of recurrent and complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) in pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 14 infants who were observed for at least 6 months following the first signs of infection (eight boys, six girls; mean age at admission [± SD]: 6.2 [± 7.4] months). Twelve patients had vesico-ureteric reflux (grade I, two; grade II, three; grade III, six; grade IV, one), and two patients had ureteropelvic junction stenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patients discontinued medication due to diarrhea or other adverse drug reactions. The patients had a 6-month recurrence-free rate of 93% (13/14); only one patient had recurrent UTI. The mean urinary cefdinir concentration was 16.3 [± 11.7]µg/mL; there was considerable variability among individual measurements, even though the samples were collected at similar intervals after drug intake (mean 18.00 [± 2.63] h after dose). However, the lowest measured urinary cefdinir concentration (1.16 µg/mL) was sufficient to eradicate Escherichia coli, one of the most significant causes of UTI. Fecal cultures, obtained at monthly clinic visits during the observation period, indicated that the patients' E. coli strains were very sensitive to cefdinir. No patients were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or other non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli or fungi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that cefdinir given 3 mg/kg once daily is very effective and safe for preventing recurrent complicated UTI in infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Shibata-shi, Nigata, Japan. oo0612@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: Kou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsukano
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000652:urine; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D000077525:Cefdinir; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000652:urine; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D000077525:Cefdinir