title: Peripheral refraction with and without contact lens correction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peripheral refractive error degrades the quality of retinal images and has been hypothesized to be a stimulus for the development of refractive error. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in refractive error across the horizontal visual field produced by contact lenses (CLs) and to quantify the effect of CLs on peripheral image blur.
  
  
  METHODS
  A commercial Shack-Hartmann aberrometer measured ocular wavefront aberrations in 5 degrees steps across the central 60 degrees of visual field along the horizontal meridian before and after CLs correction. Wavefront refractions for peripheral lines-of-sight were based on the full elliptical pupil encountered in peripheral measurements. Curvature of field is the change in peripheral spherical equivalent relative to the eye's optical axis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyperopic curvature of field in the naked eye increases with increasing amounts central myopic refractive error as predicted by Atchison (2006). For an eccentricity of E degrees, field curvature is approximately E percent of foveal refractive error. Rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses changed field curvature in the myopic direction twice as much as soft CLs (SCLs). Both of these effects varied with CLs power. For all lens powers, SCL cut the degree of hyperopic field curvature in half whereas RGP lenses nearly eliminated field curvature. The benefit of reduced field curvature was partly offset by increased oblique astigmatism. The net reduction of retinal blur because of CLs is approximately constant across the visual field.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both SCL and RGP lenses reduced the degree of hyperopic field curvature present in myopic eyes, with RGP lenses having greater effect. The tradeoff between field curvature and off-axis astigmatism with RGP lenses may limit their effectiveness for control of myopia progression. These results suggest that axial growth mechanisms that depend on retinal image quality will be affected more by RGP than by SCL lenses.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: P Sarita
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Soni
authors.forename: Larry N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Thibos
mesh_terms: D057128:Aberrometry; D000328:Adult; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003261:Contact Lenses; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; D005260:Female; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005740:Gases; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010539:Permeability; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005740:Gases