title: Limbal stem-cell therapy and long-term corneal regeneration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Corneal renewal and repair are mediated by stem cells of the limbus, the narrow zone between the cornea and the bulbar conjunctiva. Ocular burns may destroy the limbus, causing limbal stem-cell deficiency. We investigated the long-term clinical results of cell therapy in patients with burn-related corneal destruction associated with limbal stem-cell deficiency, a highly disabling ocular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used autologous limbal stem cells cultivated on fibrin to treat 112 patients with corneal damage, most of whom had burn-dependent limbal stem-cell deficiency. Clinical results were assessed by means of Kaplan-Meier, Kruskal-Wallis, and univariate and multivariate logistic-regression analyses. We also assessed the clinical outcome according to the percentage of holoclone-forming stem cells, detected as cells that stain intensely (p63-bright cells) in the cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Permanent restoration of a transparent, renewing corneal epithelium was attained in 76.6% of eyes. The failures occurred within the first year. Restored eyes remained stable over time, with up to 10 years of follow-up (mean, 2.91+/-1.99; median, 1.93). In post hoc analyses, success--that is, the generation of normal epithelium on donor stroma--was associated with the percentage of p63-bright holoclone-forming stem cells in culture. Cultures in which p63-bright cells constituted more than 3% of the total number of clonogenic cells were associated with successful transplantation in 78% of patients. In contrast, cultures in which such cells made up 3% or less of the total number of cells were associated with successful transplantation in only 11% of patients. Graft failure was also associated with the type of initial ocular damage and postoperative complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cultures of limbal stem cells represent a source of cells for transplantation in the treatment of destruction of the human cornea due to burns.
authors.affiliation: San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Ophthalmology Unit, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rama
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matuska
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paganoni
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Graziella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000628:therapy; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D016039:Corneal Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000502:physiology*; D005126:Eye Burns / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016850:Limbus Corneae / Q000166:cytology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012038:Regeneration; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D055815:Young Adult