title: Factors associated with atomoxetine efficacy for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to determine if relationships exist between the efficacy of atomoxetine for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and demographic characteristics, specific co-morbid diagnoses, subtype of ADHD, and/or additional use of a stimulant medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed using data from an institutional electronic medical record system. Children aged 5-17 years who were diagnosed with ADHD and prescribed atomoxetine were included; 432 study subjects were categorized as treatment success (TS), treatment failure (TF), or undetermined. Co-morbid diagnoses, demographic factors, subtype of ADHD, and additional use of stimulant medications were examined for association with TS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 88 children were categorized as TS, 197 as TF, and 147 as undetermined. More subjects in the TS group were receiving stimulant medication in addition to the atomoxetine than in the TF group (p = 0.0319; 95% Wald confidence interval [CI], 1.064-3.972). There was no significant difference between groups for any demographic characteristic, the presence of any co-morbid diagnosis, or type of ADHD. In particular, the presence of anxiety or depression was not associated with a response to atomoxetine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children who were prescribed a stimulant medication in addition to atomoxetine had better outcomes in treating ADHD than those receiving only atomoxetine.
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University System Health Science Center/Scott and White Memorial Hospital, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Clinic, Temple, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Nakia Gray
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ripperger-Suhler
authors.forename: M Hasan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rajab
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kjar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011437:Propylamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D011437:Propylamines; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride