title: Linking hospital workers' organisational work environment to depressive symptoms: A mediating effect of effort-reward imbalance? The ORSOSA study.
abstract: Few studies have analysed the association between the organisational work environment and depression in hospital workers and we still have little understanding of how processes in the practice environment are related to depressive disorders. However, individual perception of an imbalance between efforts made and expected rewards has been associated with incident depression. The main goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that some organisational constraints at the work-unit level may be related to depressive symptoms in hospital workers, either directly or through individual perceptions of effort-reward imbalance (ERI). In 2006, 3316 female registered nurses and nursing aids working in 190 work units in seven French university hospitals, recruited from the baseline screening of an epidemiological cohort study (the ORSOSA study), responded in 2006 to valid self-report questionnaires (CES-D, ERI). The organisational work environment was assessed with the self-rated Nursing Work Index - Extended Organisation (NWI-EO) aggregated at the work unit level. Multilevel models were used. We found that poor relations between workers within work units were associated with higher CES-D score, independently of perceived ERI. Low level of communication between workers in the unit was associated with individual perceptions of ERI and indirectly associated with depressive symptoms. Understaffing and non-respect of planned days off and vacations were associated with perceived ERI but these organisational constraints were not associated with depressive symptoms. Our study allowed us to identify and quantify organisational factors that have a direct effect on hospital workers' depressive symptoms, or an indirect effect through perceived ERI. Better understanding of the effect of organisational factors on health through perceived ERI would provide targets for successful interventions. Organisational approaches may be more effective in improving mental health at work and may also have a longer-lasting impact than individual approaches.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U558, Toulouse F-31300, France. Electronic address: anne_jolivet@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jolivet
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire PACTE (Politiques Publiques, Action Publique, Territoires), UMR 5194 CNRS, Université Pierre Mendès France, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caroly
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U558, Toulouse F-31300, France.
authors.forename: Virgine
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ehlinger
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U558, Toulouse F-31300, France.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelly-Irving
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U558, Toulouse F-31300, France.
authors.forename: Cyrille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delpierre
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Environnement et Prédiction de la Santé des Populations (EPSP)-TIMC, UMR CNRS 5525, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Balducci
authors.affiliation: Médecine du Travail et Pathologies Professionnelles, Clinique de Santé Publique, CHRU-Université Lille 2, France.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sobaszek
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Environnement et Prédiction de la Santé des Populations (EPSP)-TIMC, UMR CNRS 5525, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Régis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Gaudemaris
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U558, Toulouse F-31300, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000458:organization & administration; D012201:Reward; D012931:Social Environment; D012938:Social Perception; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*