title: Modulation of glutathione-related antioxidant defense system of fish chronically treated by the fungicide propiconazole.
abstract: Recently, residual fungicides are generally recognized as relevant sources of aquatic environmental pollutants. However, the toxicological effects of these contaminants have not been adequately researched. In this study, the chronic effect of PCZ, a triazole-containing fungicide commonly present in aquatic environment, on GSH-related antioxidant system and oxidative stress indices of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. Fish were exposed at sub-lethal concentrations of PCZ (0.2, 50 and 500 microg/L) for 7, 20 and 30 days. GSH levels and GSH-related enzyme activities, including GPx, GR and GST, were quantified in three tissues-liver, gill and muscle. The levels of LPO and CP were also measured as makers of oxidative damage. In addition, the correlations of the measured parameters in various tissues were evaluated by using PCA. The results of this study indicate that chronic exposure of PCZ has resulted in different responses in various tissues and the gill was the most sensitive tissue; however, before these parameters are used as potential biomarkers for monitoring residual fungicides in aquatic environment, more detailed experiments in laboratory need to be performed in the future.
authors.affiliation: University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic. zhihuali06@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zhi-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zlabek
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grabic
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Randak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000633:toxicity*; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D050217:Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D014230:Triazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D014230:Triazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C045950:propiconazole; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione