title: Differential gene and protein expression in primary gastric carcinomas and their lymph node metastases as revealed by combined cDNA microarray and tissue microarray analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gain insight into the molecular events of lymph node metastasis of human gastric carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The gene expression profile of five matched primary gastric carcinomas and their lymph node metastases was analyzed by complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray. Differential genes were identified in the metastatic and corresponding primary tumor pairs. Among the differentially expressed genes, carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP 4) genes were detected by RT-PCR. CTTN protein expression was examined by tissue microarray.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a high expression (over twofold) of 44 genes and a low expression (under twofold) of 32 genes in lymph node metastasis compared with primary gastric carcinoma, respectively. CAII mRNA was downregulated and IGFBP 4 mRNA was upregulated in paired lymph node metastases of gastric carcinomas. The overexpression of CTTN protein was related to the lymph node metastasis and the clinical stage of gastric carcinomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that there is a low expression of genes relative to growth signal and immune response in lymph node metastases, and a high expression of genes relative to growth factor, cell cycle, cell motility and adhesion in lymph node metastases compared with primary gastric carcinomas. The expression of CTTN was related to the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Hai Long
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zhi Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Run Liang
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Xiao Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qing Li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Xiu Tian
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051356:Cortactin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C495868:CTTN protein, human; D051356:Cortactin; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4; D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II