title: Bisphenol A 3,4-quinone induces the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase into oxidase in vitro.
abstract: In the present study, we assessed the influence of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol A 3,4-quinone (BPAQ) on the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) into xanthine oxidase (XO) in the rat liver in vitro. BPA up to 100 micromol/L did not affect the XO and XD activities in the partially purified cytosolic fraction from rat liver, whereas BPAQ (2-10 micromol/L) dose-dependently enhanced the XO activity concomitant with a decrease in the XD activity, implying that BPAQ, but not BPA, can convert XD into the reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing the form XO. Furthermore, it was found that BPAQ could increase the generation of ROS and oxidize the guanine moiety of deoxyguanosine in the DNA of primary rat hepatocyte cultures. These results suggest that BPAQ has the potential to convert XD into XO in the liver, which in turn may lead to ROS generation and oxidative DNA damage in this region.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan. sakuma@gly.oups.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morinaga
authors.forename: Mihoyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujitake
authors.forename: Shun-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Yohko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D004249:DNA Damage; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D004229:Dithiothreitol / Q000737:chemistry; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D016227:Benzoquinones; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D004229:Dithiothreitol; D010636:Phenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; C487806:bisphenol A 3,4-quinone; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds