title: Diminished sensitivity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to ABT-737 and ABT-263 due to albumin binding in blood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inhibition of the antiapoptotic BCL2 family is one of the most promising areas of anticancer drug development. However, ABT-737, a specific BCL2 inhibitor, is neither orally bioavailable nor metabolically stable. To overcome these problems, the structurally related molecule ABT-263 was synthesized and recently entered clinical trials in hematologic malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Almost all laboratory studies have been carried out with ABT-737 rather than ABT-263, the drug being used in clinical trials. Currently there are no published data on the comparative effects of these inhibitors. To gain insight into the potential value or limitations of ABT-263 in the clinic, we assessed its ability to induce apoptosis in clinically relevant cellular models of CLL.
  
  
  METHODS
  The susceptibility of freshly isolated primary CLL cells to these inhibitors was compared in standard culture conditions and in conditions that more closely mimic in vivo conditions in a whole blood assay system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ABT-737 was more potent than ABT-263 at inducing apoptosis in CLL cells. In whole blood, approximately 100-fold higher concentrations of both drugs were required to induce apoptosis. We found that ABT-263 was highly bound by albumin and that an increased albumin binding of ABT-263 as compared with ABT-737 accounted for the differential sensitivity of CLL cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that the exquisite in vitro sensitivity of CLL cells to BCL2 inhibitors may be lost in vivo due to high cell densities and the albumin binding of ABT-263. Modification of ABT-263 may yield a BCL2 inhibitor with greater bioavailability and more favorable pharmacokinetics.
authors.affiliation: University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogler
authors.forename: Silviya D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Furdas
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuwana
authors.forename: Martin J S
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: Gerald M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001682:Biological Availability; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C501332:ABT-737; D000418:Albumins; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D009596:Nitrophenols; D010879:Piperazines; D013449:Sulfonamides; C528561:navitoclax