Environmental exposures and autoimmune thyroid disease.
BACKGROUND
Environmental exposures, ranging from perchlorate in rocket fuel to polychlorinated biphenols, have been shown to influence thyroid function. Although most of these agents are associated with reduced thyroid hormone levels or impaired thyroid hormone action, a number of environmental exposures confer an increased risk of autoimmune thyroid disease.


CONCLUSIONS
Factors that increase autoimmune thyroid disease risk include radiation exposure, both from nuclear fallout and medical radiation, increased iodine intake, as well as several contaminants in the environment that influence the thyroid. Although approximately 70% of the risk for developing autoimmune thyroid disease is attributable to genetic background, environmental triggers are thought to play a role in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease in susceptible individuals.


CONCLUSIONS
Understanding the association of environmental agents with thyroid dysfunction can be utilized to reduce the risk to populations. Knowledge of the specific factors that trigger autoimmune thyroid disease and their mode of action, however, may also inform risk reduction in the individual patient. These factors are especially relevant for those at increased risk of autoimmune thyroid disease based on family history.
Brent
Gregory A
GA
Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA. gbrent@ucla.edu
D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects
D007455:Iodine