title: Dosimetric evaluation of high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy boost treatments for localized prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantitatively evaluate the dose distributions of high-dose-rate (HDR) prostate implants regarding target coverage, dose homogeneity, and dose to organs at risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment plans of 174 implants were evaluated using cumulative dose-volume histograms (DVHs). The planning was based on transrectal ultrasound (US) imaging, and the prescribed dose (100%) was 10 Gy. The tolerance doses to rectum and urethra were 80% and 120%, respectively. Dose-volume parameters for target (V90, V100, V150, V200, D90, D(min)) and quality indices (DNR [dose nonuniformity ratio], DHI [dose homogeneity index], CI [coverage index], COIN [conformal index]) were calculated. Maximum dose in reference points of rectum (D(r)) and urethra (D(u)), dose to volume of 2 cm(3) of the rectum (D(2ccm)), and 0.1 cm(3) and 1% of the urethra (D(0.1ccm) and D1) were determined. Nonparametric correlation analysis was performed between these parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median number of needles was 16, the mean prostate volume (V(p)) was 27.1 cm(3). The mean V90, V100, V150, and V200 were 99%, 97%, 39%, and 13%, respectively. The mean D90 was 109%, and the D(min) was 87%. The mean doses in rectum and urethra reference points were 75% and 119%, respectively. The mean volumetric doses were D(2ccm) = 49% for the rectum, D(0.1ccm) = 126%, and D1 = 140% for the urethra. The mean DNR was 0.37, while the DHI was 0.60. The mean COIN was 0.66. The Spearman rank order correlation coefficients for volume doses to rectum and urethra were R(D(r),D(2ccm)) = 0.69, R(D(u),D0.(1ccm)) = 0.64, R(D(u),D1) = 0.23.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US-based treatment plans for HDR prostate implants based on the real positions of catheters provided acceptable dose distributions. In the majority of the cases, the doses to urethra and rectum were kept below the defined tolerance levels. For rectum, the dose in reference points correlated well with dose-volume parameters. For urethra dose characterization, the use of D1 volumetric parameter is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. turul49@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fröhlich
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agoston
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lövey
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Somogyi
authors.forename: János
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fodor
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polgár
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Major
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011867:Radioisotope Teletherapy / Q000379:methods; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D011881:Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014521:Urethra / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes