title: Socioeconomic status in one's childhood predicts offspring cardiovascular risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether effects of socioeconomic environments can persist across generations, we examined whether parents' childhood socioeconomic status (SES) could predict blood pressure (BP) trajectories in their youth across a 12-month study period and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at one year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  BP was assessed in 88 healthy youth (M age = 13 ± 2.4) at three study visits, each 6 months apart. CRP was also assessed in youth at baseline and one year follow-up. Parents reported on current and their own childhood SES (education and crowding).
  
  
  RESULTS
  If parents' childhood SES was lower, their children displayed increasing SBP and CRP over the 12-month period, or conversely, the higher parents' childhood SES, the greater the decrease in SBP and CRP in their youth over time. These effects persisted even after controlling for current SES. A number of other factors, including child health behaviors, parent psychosocial characteristics, general family functioning, and parent physiology could not explain these effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that the SES environment parents grow up in may influence physical health across generations, here, SBP and CRP in their children, and hence that intergenerational histories are important to consider in predicting cardiovascular health in youth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. hannahs@psych.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Hannah M C
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Schreier
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein