title: Association between the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and endurance running speed in Japanese runners.
abstract: We investigated the association between the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism and endurance running performance in Japanese elite runners, including several Olympic athletes. The frequency of the I/I genotype was not significantly higher and the frequency of the D/D genotype was not significantly lower in elite runners compared with non-athletes. However, the frequency of the I/D genotype tended to be lower in elite runners than in non-athletes. The best performance was significantly higher for runners with the D/D genotype than for those with the I/I genotype, and the average running speed was significantly higher for those with the combined D/D + I/D genotypes than for those with the I/I genotype. There were no I/I genotypes among the five fastest marathon runners. These results suggest that the D allele of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism is associated with a high level of human endurance.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 810-0180, Japan. tobitaku@ck9.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tobina
authors.forename: Ryoma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Michishita
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamasawa
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Keijiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saku
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiyonaga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D056352:Athletes; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012420:Running
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A