title: Effect of D-amphetamine on inhibition and motor planning as a function of baseline performance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Baseline performance has been reported to predict dopamine (DA) effects on working memory, following an inverted-U pattern. This pattern may hold true for other executive functions that are DA-sensitive.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of D: -amphetamine, an indirect DA agonist, on two other putatively DA-sensitive executive functions, inhibition and motor planning, as a function of baseline performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants with no prior stimulant exposure participated in a double-blind crossover study of a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg, p.o. of D: -amphetamine and placebo. Participants were divided into high and low groups, based on their performance on the antisaccade and predictive saccade tasks on the baseline day. Executive functions, mood states, heart rate and blood pressure were assessed before (T0) and after drug administration, at 1.5 (T1), 2.5 (T2) and 3.5 h (T3) post-drug.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antisaccade errors decreased with D: -amphetamine irrespective of baseline performance (p = 0.025). For antisaccade latency, participants who generated short-latency antisaccades at baseline had longer latencies on D: -amphetamine than placebo, while those with long-latency antisaccades at baseline had shorter latencies on D: -amphetamine than placebo (drug x group, p = 0.04). D: -amphetamine did not affect motor planning. Ratings of mood improved on D: -amphetamine (p < 0.001). Magnitude of D: -amphetamine-induced changes in elation was related to baseline reaction time variability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  D: -amphetamine reduced antisaccade error rates in healthy controls, replicating and extending findings with DA agonists in clinical populations. D: -amphetamine had baseline-dependent effects on antisaccade latency, consistent with an inverted-U relationship between performance and DA activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.
authors.forename: Ava-Ann
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Allman
authors.forename: Chawki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benkelfat
authors.forename: France
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sibon
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dagher
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leyton
authors.forename: Glen B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Gillian A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: O'Driscoll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D056344:Executive Function / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003913:Dextroamphetamine