title: Comparative effects of thermosensitive doxorubicin-containing liposomes and hyperthermia in human and murine tumours.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In previous reports, laboratory-made lysolecithin-containing thermosensitive liposome encapsulating doxorubicin (LTSL-DOX) showed potent anticancer effects in FaDu human squamous cell carcinoma. To further study the spectrum of LTSL-DOX activity, the efficacy of its commercial formulation was re-examined in FaDu and compared in HCT116, PC3, SKOV-3 and 4T07 cancer cell lines. Factors that may influence differences in HT-LTSL-DOX efficacy were also examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anticancer effect was measured using standard growth delay methods. We measured doubling time and clonogenic survival after doxorubicin exposure in vitro, and interstitial pH and drug concentrations in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all five tumour types, HT-LTSL-DOX increased median tumour growth time compared with untreated controls (p < 0.0006) and HT alone (p < 0.01), and compared with LTSL-DOX alone in FaDu, PC-3 and HCT-116 (p < 0.0006). HT-LTSL-DOX yielded significantly higher drug concentrations than LTSL-DOX (p < 0.0001). FaDu was most sensitive (p < 0.0014) to doxorubicin (IC(50) = 90 nM) in vitro, compared to the other cell lines (IC(50) = 129-168 nM). Of the parameters tested for correlation with efficacy, only the correlation of in vitro doubling time and in vivo median growth time was significant (Pearson r = 0.98, p = 0.0035). Slower-growing SKOV-3 and PC-3 had the greatest numbers of complete regressions and longest tumour growth delays, which are clinically important parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results strongly suggest that variations in anti-tumour effect of HT-LTSL-DOX are primarily related to in vitro doubling time. In the clinic, the rate of tumour progression must be considered in design of treatment regimens involving HT-LTSL-DOX.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Pavel S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Yarmolenko
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chelsea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Landon
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Spasojevic
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Needham
authors.forename: Benjamin L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Viglianti
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Dewhirst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008081:Liposomes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D004317:Doxorubicin