title: Simultaneous intracellular chloride and pH measurements using a GFP-based sensor.
abstract: Chloride and protons perform important closely related roles in many cellular responses. Here we developed a ratiometric biosensor, ClopHensor, based on a highly chloride-sensitive Aequorea victoria GFP variant that is suited for the combined real-time optical detection of pH changes and chloride fluxes in live cells. We detected high chloride concentration in large dense-core exocytosis granules by targeting ClopHensor to these intracellular compartments.
authors.affiliation: National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology, Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy. daniele.arosio@cnr.it
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arosio
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gualdani
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Albertazzi
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beltram
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000737:chemistry; D005089:Exocytosis; D014644:Genetic Variation; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins