title: McNamara norms for Turkish adolescents with balanced faces and normal occlusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are no norms for the McNamara analysis for Turkish adolescents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To obtain cephalometric standards for the McNamara analysis for Turkish adolescents with balanced faces and Class I occlusions, and to compare the standards with published data.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cephalometric radiographs of 116 children (83 female, 33 male) between 11 and 16 years of age with Turkish grandparents and Class I occlusion, well-aligned upper and lower dental arches, no anterior and/or posterior crossbites and normal dentofacial structures were used. The eight linear and two angular measurements in the McNamara analysis were measured on images of the scanned radiographs. Measurements of the male and female subjects were compared with each other and with published norms for North American adolescents and adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Co-Gn, Co-A, ANS-Me and Ui-A were larger in the male subjects. Comparisons between the present study and McNamara's original study revealed that Anatolian Turkish adolescents, particularly girls, have smaller midfacial and mandibular lengths and longer and more retrusive faces than North American adolescents and adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The small, but statistically significant, gender differences in mandibular and midfacial lengths and lower anterior face height may not be clinically significant. A single set of Turkish norms for the McNamara analysis may be appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. drnkilic@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nihat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.forename: Gülhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Catal
authors.forename: Hüsamettin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oktay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002680:Chin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000473:pathology; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014421:Turkey; D014716:Vertical Dimension