title: Haploidentical transplantation for leukemia.
abstract: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical family members offers a potential cure for patients in need of allogeneic immunotherapy who have no immediate access to an HLA-matched donor. The use of ex vivo T-cell-depleted stem cells combined with immuno-myeloablative conditioning has enabled durable donor engraftment with a low incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease despite the HLA disparity. Moreover, additional transplant techniques involving in vivo T-cell depletion and reduced-intensity conditioning have further minimized the risks. However, a major drawback is delayed immune reconstitution leading to infections and high relapse rates, prompting significant research efforts focused on improving recovery in the post-transplant period. Infusions with donor lymphocytes are common, though newer manipulations with a focus on donor natural killer cells hold great promise, as do other modified donor T-cell infusions. Success of these new procedures will make haploidentical transplants safer and more effective, further broadening its appeal.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: Nelson J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rizzieri
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006085:Graft Survival; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006648:Histocompatibility; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000628:therapy*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens