title: Augmentation of venlafaxine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with zolpidem improves sleep and quality of life in breast cancer patients with hot flashes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hot flashes are a major quality-of-life issue for breast cancer survivors, interrupting sleep, reducing quality of life, and diminishing treatment adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapies. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used widely but are only partially effective for hot flashes. Alternative strategies are needed. We hypothesized that augmentation of SSRI/SNRI therapy with hypnotic agents would optimize hot flash therapy by improving sleep and quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with breast cancer or at high risk for developing the disease who had hot flashes in association with nocturnal awakenings were randomized to double-blinded treatment with zolpidem 10 mg or placebo for 5 weeks. SSRI/SNRI nonusers (81%) started venlafaxine XR 75 mg/day concurrently, whereas SSRI/SNRI users continued that therapy. We compared the proportion of responders, defined as study completers with improved subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and/or objectively assessed wake time after sleep onset on actigraphy, between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 53 women (aged 51 ± 8 y) randomized to zolpidem augmentation (n = 25) or placebo augmentation (n = 28), 38 completed the protocol (57% on placebo, 88% on zolpidem). More women augmented with zolpidem than placebo were responders on the sleep outcome (40% vs 14%; P = 0.035). Quality of life improved more with zolpidem than with placebo (P = 0.01). Treatment effects on hot flashes and mood did not differ between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Augmentation of SSRI/SNRI with zolpidem improves sleep and quality of life in breast cancer survivors with hot flashes and associated sleep disturbance. Adding a hypnotic agent to an SSRI/SNRI helps women to sleep through nighttime hot flashes. Treatments targeting sleep may be an important supplemental strategy to optimize well-being.
authors.affiliation: Perinatal and Reproductive Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. hjoffe@partners.org
authors.forename: Hadine
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joffe
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Partridge
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giobbie-Hurder
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Karleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Habin
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goss
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Winer
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011788:Quality of Life; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020919:Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D000077334:Zolpidem
chemical_list: D003511:Cyclohexanols; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010919:Placebos; D011725:Pyridines; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D000077334:Zolpidem