title: Comparative study on anti-tumor immune response of autologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, dendritic cells-CIK (DC-CIK), and semi-allogeneic DC-CIK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells and autologous dendritic cells-CIK (DC-CIK) cells co-cultured with autologous dendritic cells (DCs) and CIK cells are commonly used for immunotherapy recently. We compared the anti-tumor immune response of CIK cells, autologous DC-CIK cells, and semi-allogeneic DC-CIK cells to explore a more effective anti-tumor adoptive immunotherapy approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral monocytes were isolated from patients with renal carcinoma, lung cancer, or maxillary squamous cell carcinoma and their healthy adult children. Isolated cells were cultured and induced as DCs and CIK cells in vitro. CIK cells from patients were co-cultured with autologous DCs and DCs from their children respectively, generating DC-CIK cells and semi-allogeneic DC-CIK cells. The anti-tumor activities of autologous CIK cells, autologous DC-CIK cells, and semi-allogeneic DC-CIK cells were measured by LDH assay. Intracellular staining was used to test the secretion of cytokines. Flow cytometry was applied for detecting the phonotype changes of these three types of cells. Cell proliferation and cell apoptosis were detected by 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and Annexin V/PI respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with autologous CIK cells and DC-CIK cells, semi-allogeneic DC-CIK cells significantly enhanced the anti-tumor activity and IFN-gamma secretion, reduced IL-4 secretion, increased the ratio of CD3(+)CD56(+) cells and CD3(+)CD8(+) cells, decreased the number of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells, promoted cell proliferation, and lessened cell apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Semi-allogeneic DC-CIK cells had a stronger anti-tumor effect than did autologous CIK cells and DC-CIK cells. Our results provided experimental evidence for clinical application of DC-CIK cells.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, PR China.
authors.forename: Qi-Jing
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Yong-Qiang
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-Xi
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shi-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Miao-La
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Jing-Jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jian-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian-Cong
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiao-Ting
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Hai-Qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yi-Bing
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian-Chuan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D055612:Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D020014:K562 Cells; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008441:Maxillary Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase