title: Cervical cancer screening among Taiwanese women: a transtheoretical approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess Papanicolaou (Pap) test screening behaviors of Taiwanese women, to explore factors affecting stages of change, and to determine whether constructs from the transtheoretical model are applicable to Taiwanese women with regard to Pap screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive, cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hospital in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  222 female hospital workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected with a questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cervical screening behavior, perceived barriers and benefits, self-efficacy, and stages of change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six percent of participants reported engaging in regular screening practice. The stage of respondents' cervical cancer screening was significantly associated with age, marital status, and history of human papilloma virus-positive and abnormal tests. Self-efficacy scores were significantly higher for women who were in action or maintenance than those in precontemplation or relapse (p < 0.0001). Women in relapse reported significantly more perceived barriers than those in action-maintenance (p = 0.005). No significant differences were found in the level of perceived benefits (p = 0.702) to regular Pap screening among women in the various stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pap screening was low among the entire sample and nonexistent among women younger than age 30. The transtheoretical model only was partially applicable to the Taiwanese women in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reinforcement of self-efficacy was more important for women in the sample than emphasizing the benefits of or decreasing the barriers to regular Pap screening. Strategies for younger unmarried women might include education programs emphasizing the importance of routine annual screening and enhancing women's understanding of the relationship between Pap tests and cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Nevada in Reno, USA. wctung@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Wei-Chen
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Minggen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016294:Models, Nursing; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult