title: Hazardous use of car seats outside the car in the United States, 2003-2007.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Car seats should be used to prevent injury or death in children during motor vehicle crashes. When used improperly or for unintended purposes, car seats can place children at risk for injury or death. The objective of this article is to describe patterns of hazardous use of car seats outside the car for infants (<1-year-olds) in the United States from 2003 to 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System of the US Consumer Product Safety Commission database was accessed to obtain information regarding car seat-related injuries treated in emergency departments from 2003 to 2007. Injuries sustained during motor vehicle crashes were excluded. Demographic data, type of injury, body location, disposition, injury circumstances, and other pertinent information were extracted and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An estimated 43 562 car seat-related injuries were treated in emergency departments from 2003 to 2007. This national estimate was based on a weighted sample of 1898 infants. The average age of these infants was 4.07 +/- 2.73 months, 62.4% of the injuries occurred in infants younger than 4 months, and 54.4% occurred in boys. Of these injuries, 49.1% occurred at home, 8.4% of the infants had to be hospitalized, and 84.3% of the infants suffered a head injury. The most common mechanisms of injury were infants falling from car seats, car seats falling from elevated surfaces, and car seats overturning on soft surfaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injury-prevention efforts should be focused on eliminating hazardous use of car seats outside the car. Caregivers should be cautioned against the placement of car seats on elevated or soft surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. shital.parikh@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Shital N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015370:Infant Equipment / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012449:Safety; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*