title: Fluoride content of beverages intended for infants and young children in Poland.
abstract: Results of the studies indicate that fluoride content in beverages may be highly variable and children can consume substantial amounts of fluoride with these products. Ingestion of excessive fluoride during infancy and early childhood may cause dental fluorosis of permanent maxillary central incisors--the most aesthetically important teeth. The aim of this study was to determine the fluoride content in Polish beverages designed for infants and young children nutrition. Forty-three brands of juices and juice-flavored drinks and 23 instant teas were evaluated. Analyses were performed with the use of ion-selective fluoride electrode (09-37 type) and a RAE 111 chloride-silver reference electrode (MARAT). Fluoride concentrations in most beverages did not exceed 0.3 ppm. However, in three beverages containing tea extract levels of fluoride were higher (0.35-1.14 ppm). Consumption of these beverages could significantly increase child's fluoride exposure. Therefore, the need exists for continuous monitoring of fluoride levels in products intended for children. Listing fluoride content on beverages would be desirable. Knowledge about possible fluoride ingestion from dietary sources permits the clinician to recommend the safest schedule of fluoride treatment so as the optimal caries preventive effect can be obtained and the risk of dental fluorosis reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland. jopydo@am.poznan.pl
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Opydo-Szymaczek
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Opydo
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D005515:Food Labeling; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis*; D011044:Poland; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D013662:Tea; D005459:Fluorides