title: [Studies on phonological phases of cultivated Polygonatum].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the phonological phases of cultivated Polygonatum by investigating the dynamic pattern of its growth and development, which would provide the guides for normal planting in the field.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fix-point and real-time observation combining with comprehensive survey were used in the field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cultivated Polygonatum had obvious processes of development including emergence of seedlings, extension of leaves, growth of stems and leaves, floral initiation, flowering, seed setting, death of plant-germinating-in-spring, plant shoot regeneration and hibernating shoot emergence, and hibernation with dead aerial part of plant. There were small differences in these processes of development among species and sites, but the whole phonological pattern hold relatively constant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phonological phases of Polygonatum with eight stages, including seedlings emergence stage, plant extension stage, leaves extension stage, anthesis stage, seed stage, aerial part death stage, germination-in-autumn stage, and hibernation stage, were finally determined.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization of Hunan Province College, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China. tianqijian68@163.com
authors.forename: Qi-jian
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Fu-gang
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D002980:Climate; D017753:Ecosystem; D035264:Flowers / Q000254:growth & development; D018525:Germination; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D031384:Polygonatum / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons