title: Development of bladder dysfunction in a rat model of dopaminergic brain lesion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurological disorders causing lower urinary tract dysfunction. We evaluated the temporal development of bladder dysfunction in rat PD model where urodynamic changes were induced by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a unilateral stereotaxic injection of 6-OHDA or vehicle (sham group) into the MFB. Cystometry was performed in conscious animals at 3, 14, and 28 days after the injury. Aged-matched unlesioned rats were used as healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three days after lesion 6-OHDA rats showed higher threshold (TP), maximum pressures (MP), and spontaneous activity (SA) compared to healthy controls. Sham animals exhibited higher TP. After 14 days 6-OHDA rats had also higher micturition frequency, decreased bladder capacity, micturition volume and bladder compliance (Bcom) compared to sham and healthy controls. Sham animals showed lower Bcom and higher MP and SA. After 28 days, 6-OHDA rats exhibited the same changes as those in 14 days, while sham-operated animals showed parameters similar to those in healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that 6-OHDA lesion of the MFB causes bladder dysfunction already after 3 days. A pattern of detrusor overactivity was more clearly defined 14 days after the injection and persisted for 28 days. Cystometry may be a useful tool to study the pathophysiology of bladder dysfunction in PD, and urodynamic parameters may possibly be used to evaluate the effects of therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: Claudius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Füllhase
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Karl-Erik
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008474:Medial Forebrain Bundle; D008845:Microinjections; D016627:Oxidopamine; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014554:Urination; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D016627:Oxidopamine; D004298:Dopamine