title: The effect of abductor muscle and anterior-posterior hip contact load simulation on the in-vitro primary stability of a cementless hip stem.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In-vitro mechanical tests are commonly performed to assess pre-clinically the effect of implant design on the stability of hip endoprostheses. There is no standard protocol for these tests, and the forces applied vary between studies. This study examines the effect of the abductor force with and without application of the anterior-posterior hip contact force in the in-vitro assessment of cementless hip implant stability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cementless stems (VerSys Fiber Metal) were implanted in twelve composite femurs which were divided into two groups: group 1 (N = 6) was loaded with the hip contact force only, whereas group 2 (N = 6) was additionally subjected to an abductor force. Both groups were subjected to the same cranial-caudal hip contact force component, 2.3 times body weight (BW) and each specimen was subjected to three levels of anterior-posterior hip contact load: 0, -0.1 to 0.3 BW (walking), and -0.1 to 0.6 BW (stair climbing). The implant migration and micromotion relative to the femur was measured using a custom-built system comprised of 6 LVDT sensors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substantially higher implant motion was observed when the anterior-posterior force was 0.6BW compared to the lower anterior-posterior load levels, particularly distally and in retroversion. The abductor load had little effect on implant motion when simulating walking, but resulted in significantly less motion than the hip contact force alone when simulating stair climbing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anterior-posterior component of the hip contact load has a significant effect on the axial motion of the stem relative to the bone. Inclusion of the abductor force had a stabilizing effect on the implant motion when simulating stair climbing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. ybpark@kaist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Youngbae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Carolyne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Yong-San
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fernlund
authors.forename: Hanspeter
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frei
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Oxland