title: Establishment of a human glioblastoma stemlike brainstem rodent tumor model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diffuse brainstem tumors are the most difficult type of pediatric CNS malignancy to treat. These inoperable lesions are treated with radiation alone or in combination with chemotherapy, and the survival rate is less than 10%. It is therefore essential to develop a reliable animal model to screen new therapeutic agents for the treatment of this type of tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multipotent human glioblastoma stemlike neurosphere line, 060919, was established from a surgically resected glioblastoma specimen; when cells were implanted intracranially into athymic nude mice, they formed invasive, vascular tumors that exhibited the features of glioblastoma. Ten female Fischer 344 rats received an injection of 75,000 F98 rat glioma cells and 10 female athymic nude rats received an injection of 75,000 060919 human glioblastoma stemlike cells in the pontine tegmentum of the brainstem. A control group of 5 female Fischer rats received an injection of saline in the same location as the animals in the tumor groups. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for survival, and brains were processed postmortem for histopathological investigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both F98 cells and 060919 cells grew in 100% of the animals injected. Median survival of animals injected with F98 was 15 days, consistent with the authors' previous reports on the establishment of the brainstem tumor model using the F98 rat glioma line. Median survival of animals injected with 060919 was 31 days. Histopathological analysis of the tumors confirmed the presence of brainstem lesions in animals that received brainstem injections of F98 and in animals that received brainstem injections of 060919. The 060919 brainstem tumors histologically resembled glioblastoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor take and median survival were consistent for animals injected in the brainstem with either the established F98 rat glioma cell line or the 060919 human glioblastoma stemlike neurosphere line. Histopathological features of the 060919 brainstem tumors resembled glioblastoma. Establishment of this human glioblastoma stemlike brainstem animal model will improve the evaluation and identification of more efficacious agents for the treatment of high-grade brainstem tumors.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: I-Mei
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.forename: Betty M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: James X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Charles G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Eberhart
authors.forename: Ulrich-Wilhelm
authors.initials: UW
authors.lastname: Thomale
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olivi
authors.forename: George I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Jallo
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Riggins
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Gallia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000473:pathology; D020295:Brain Stem Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002648:Child; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology*; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011923:Rats, Nude; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000473:pathology