title: Aromatic stacking between nucleobase and enzyme promotes phosphate ester hydrolysis in dUTPase.
abstract: Aromatic interactions are well-known players in molecular recognition but their catalytic role in biological systems is less documented. Here, we report that a conserved aromatic stacking interaction between dUTPase and its nucleotide substrate largely contributes to the stabilization of the associative type transition state of the nucleotide hydrolysis reaction. The effect of the aromatic stacking on catalysis is peculiar in that uracil, the aromatic moiety influenced by the aromatic interaction is relatively distant from the site of hydrolysis at the alpha-phosphate group. Using crystallographic, kinetics, optical spectroscopy and thermodynamics calculation approaches we delineate a possible mechanism by which rate acceleration is achieved through the remote π-π interaction. The abundance of similarly positioned aromatic interactions in various nucleotide hydrolyzing enzymes (e.g. most families of ATPases) raises the possibility of the reported phenomenon being a general component of the enzymatic catalysis of phosphate ester hydrolysis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Enzymology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ildiko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pecsi
authors.forename: Ibolya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leveles
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Harmat
authors.forename: Beata G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Vertessy
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toth
mesh_terms: D055162:Biocatalysis; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D003461:Crystallography; D004952:Esters; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009154:Mutation; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000201:enzymology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014498:Uracil / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D010710:Phosphates; D014498:Uracil; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; C020020:dUTP pyrophosphatase