title: Efficacy of antibiotic combination therapy in patients with active ulcerative colitis, including refractory or steroid-dependent cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously demonstrated that antibiotic combination therapy is effective for induction and maintenance of ulcerative colitis (UC) remission. Herein, we assessed whether antibiotic combination therapy is effective for active UC, including cases with steroid refractory or dependent disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 25 patients with active UC including 17 steroid-dependent or refractory cases. These patients received amoxicillin 500 mg t.i.d., tetracycline 500 mg t.i.d. and metronidazole 250 mg t.i.d. for 2 weeks as well as conventional treatment. Seven colonic segments from the appendiceal region to the rectum were scored for endoscopic activity and histology. Clinical activity indexes (CAI) were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 3 and 12 months after antibiotic treatment, CAI and endoscopic score were significantly decreased as compared to those before treatment (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). Histological scores were also significantly decreased at 12 months as compared to before treatment (P < 0.01). The clinical response rates in steroid-dependent patients were 60% and 73.3% at 3 and 12 months, respectively, while being 50% at 12 months in steroid-refractory patients. Among the 17 steroid-dependent or refractory patients, 12 (70.6%) were able to discontinue steroid therapy at 12 months. No serious drug-related toxicities were observed during the trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This long-term follow-up study suggests 2-week antibiotic combination therapy to be effective and safe in patients with active UC including those with steroid-refractory or dependent disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Kimitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkusa
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugitani
authors.forename: Yukimoto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Norimichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D003113:Colonoscopy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D013256:Steroids; D008795:Metronidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; D013752:Tetracycline