title: Tinnitus and cochlear implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several published studies seem to confirm the clinical observation that cochlear implants (CI) have a suppressive effect on tinnitus in most CI users. The aim of this paper is to present our personal experiences on tinnitus improvement after cochlear implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before surgery, 51 post-lingually profoundly deaf adults, who underwent cochlear implantation between 2005 and 2007, filled out a questionnaire reporting tinnitus characteristics and the Italian version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI-I). Moreover, they were asked to scale tinnitus loudness and annoyance. Six months after implant activation, patients repeated the same evaluations. Scores were statistically analysed by means of a Wilcoxon signed ranks test on the hypothesis that a CI could change the tinnitus magnitude and/or its annoyance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our series of 36 patients, 36.10% reported total loudness suppression and another 41.6% reported a reduction. Annoyance scores reduced in 75% of patients. THI reduced in 72.2% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tinnitus reduction after CI may manifest as several mechanisms, such as habituation, acoustic masking, direct electrical nerve stimulation and cortical reorganization. Nevertheless, it is our opinion that data on CI benefits on tinnitus should be interpreted with caution and it seems reasonable to admit that further data is still necessary before considering CI as a treatment of tinnitus especially in unilateral deafness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology, University of Ferrara, Italy. roberto.bovo@unife.it
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bovo
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciorba
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003638:Deafness / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult