title: IL-10 and TNF-alpha promoter polymorphisms in susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The genetic control of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production and the possible interaction between the two cytokines in influencing SLE susceptibility as well as clinical features has not been completely evaluated in the Taiwanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the association of IL-10 and TNF-alpha promoter polymorphisms (-1082, -819 and -592 for IL-10 gene; -308 for TNF-alpha gene) with SLE in a total of 172 Taiwanese patients and 215 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicate that IL-10 A/T/A-A/T/A genotype was associated with Taiwanese SLE, whereas no significance was observed between TNF-alpha genotype and SLE. Furthermore, the TNF-alpha G allele frequency of the polymorphism at -308 was significantly decreased in patients with oral ulcers. The combined frequencies of IL-10 A/T/A haplotype and TNF-alpha G-G genotype were significantly increased in SLE patients. In addition, the combined frequencies of IL-10 A/T/A haplotype and TNF-alpha G-G genotype were significantly decreased in patients with oral ulcers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest a significant correlation of the combined IL-10 and TNF-alpha genetic polymorphisms contribute to SLE susceptibility and clinical features in the Taiwanese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ying-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: C-M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: J J-C
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: S-Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: T-H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: D-Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: K-C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Hsueh
authors.forename: C-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: F-J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C508609:IL10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10