title: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of the efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: novel findings using a simulated adult workplace environment design.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Duration of efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) was assessed in adults (18-55 years) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using the simulated adult workplace environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  After open-label dose optimization (4-week) with LDX, 30-70 mg/d, subjects entered a 2-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover phase. Efficacy assessments included the Permanent Product Measure of Performance (PERMP) total score (attempted+correct) measured predose and from 2 to 14 hours postdose, averaged across postdose sessions (primary) and at each time point vs placebo (secondary), and ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) with adult prompts at baseline and crossover visits. Safety assessments included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), vital signs, and electrocardiograms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 127 randomized subjects, 105 were in the intention-to-treat population and 103 completed the study. While receiving LDX vs placebo, adults had greater improvement (P < .0001) in average PERMP total scores as measured by difference in least squares (LS) mean (95% CI): 23.4 (15.6, 31.2). Absolute (P <or= .0017 for each time point) and change from predose (P < .001 for each time point) PERMP total scores were greater at all postdose time points from 2 to 14 h for adults while receiving LDX vs placebo. LDX demonstrated efficacy vs placebo (P < .0001) by the difference in LS mean (95% CI) for ADHD-RS-IV total scores: -11.5 (-14.2, -8.9). TEAEs (>or=10%) during dose optimization were decreased appetite, dry mouth, headache, and insomnia; no TEAEs >or=5% were reported during crossover phase for adults receiving LDX.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LDX significantly improved PERMP scores vs placebo and maintained improvement throughout the day from the first (2 hours) to last (14 hours) postdose time point vs placebo in adults with ADHD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00697515. Safety and Efficacy Workplace Environment Study of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate (LDX) in Adults With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00697515?term=NCT00697515&rank=1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Child Development Center, Irvine, CA, USA. tlwigal@uci.edu
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wigal
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brams
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gasior
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Liza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Squires
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giblin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000069478:Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014937:Work; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D000069478:Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate; D003913:Dextroamphetamine