title: Beneficial effects of implementing guidelines on microbiology and costs of infected diabetic foot ulcers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 2003, guidelines for management of diabetic foot infection (DFI) were written by the authors' team according to the guidelines of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. The effects of implementing these guidelines on the microbiology and costs of infected diabetic foot ulcers were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2003 to 2007, potential beneficial effects of implementing these guidelines were assessed by comparison over time of bacteriological data (number of bacterial samples, number of microorganisms isolated in cultures, prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms [MDRO] and colonising flora), and costs related to use of antimicrobial agents and microbiology laboratory workload.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 405 consecutive diabetic patients referred to the Diabetic Foot Unit for a suspected DFI. From 2003 to 2007, a significant decrease was observed in the median number of bacteria species per sample (from 4.1 to 1.6), prevalence of MDRO (35.2% vs 16.3%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (52.2% vs 18.9%) (p < 0.001). Moreover, prevalence of pathogens considered as colonisers dramatically fell from 23.1% to 5.8% of all isolates (p < 0.001). In parallel, implementation of guidelines was associated with a saving of euro14,914 (US$20,046) related to a reduced microbiology laboratory workload and euro109,305 (US$147,536) due to reduced prescription of extended-spectrum antibiotic agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of guidelines for obtaining specimens for culture from patients with DFI is cost-saving and provides interesting quality indicators in the global management of DFI.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ESPRI 26, Université de Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Avenue Kennedy, 30908 Nîmes cedex 02, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sotto
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Combescure
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jourdan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schuldiner
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bouziges
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lavigne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000191:economics* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000191:economics* / Q000382:microbiology