The complex G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) interactome unveils new physiopathological targets.
GRK2 is a ubiquitous member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) family that appears to play a central, integrative role in signal transduction cascades. GRKs participate together with arrestins in the regulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), a family of hundreds of membrane proteins of key physiological and pharmacological importance, by triggering receptor desensitization from G proteins and GPCR internalization, and also by helping assemble macromolecular signalosomes in the receptor environment acting as agonist-regulated adaptor scaffolds, thus contributing to signal propagation. In addition, emerging evidence indicates that GRK2 can phosphorylate a growing number of non-GPCR substrates and associate with a variety of proteins related to signal transduction, thus suggesting that this kinase could also have diverse 'effector' functions. We discuss herein the increasing complexity of such GRK2 'interactome', with emphasis on the recently reported roles of this kinase in cell migration and cell cycle progression and on the functional impact of the altered GRK2 levels observed in several relevant cardiovascular, inflammatory or tumour pathologies. Deciphering how the different networks of potential GRK2 functional interactions are orchestrated in a stimulus, cell type or context-specific way is critical to unveil the contribution of GRK2 to basic cellular processes, to understand how alterations in GRK2 levels or functionality may participate in the onset or development of several cardiovascular, tumour or inflammatory diseases, and to assess the feasibility of new therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of the activity, levels or specific interactions of GRK2.
Penela
Petronila
P
Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.
Murga
Cristina
C
Ribas
Catalina
C
Lafarga
Vanesa
V
Mayor
Federico
F
D000818:Animals; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D015195:Drug Design; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D054769:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D054769:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2