title: Safety of yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolization in patients with biliary obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are few data on radioembolization in the setting of biliary obstruction. The present study was performed to assess the safety of yttrium-90 ((90)Y) radioembolization in the setting of tumor-related biliary obstruction and total bilirubin levels of 2 mg/dL or lower.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with liver tumors underwent 19 treatment sessions with (90)Y to the obstructed liver lobe or segment. Initial bilirubin level was 2 mg/dL or lower in all cases. Measured outcomes included pre- and posttreatment white blood cell (WBC) count, total bilirubin level, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level. Bilirubin toxicities and biliary complications were assessed according to Common Toxicity Criteria, version 3.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lobar or segmental (90)Y was successful in all cases. Pre- and posttreatment median WBC counts (5.3 vs 5.3; P = .490), bilirubin levels (1.0 vs 1.1; P = .460), and ALP levels (195 vs 146; P = .712) showed no differences. One case of grade 3 bilirubin toxicity was noted in a patient with liver hilar nodal progression and subsequent biliary obstruction requiring external drainage. Complete resolution of biliary obstruction was seen after (90)Y treatment in one case of metastatic colorectal carcinoma at 1 month follow-up. No biliary complications (infection, sepsis, biliary necrosis, biloma formation, abscess development, or biliary stricture) were encountered in this cohort during an overall median follow-up time of 22.9 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of (90)Y glass microspheres demonstrated a good safety profile in the setting of tumor-related biliary obstruction in patients with normal or near-normal bilirubin levels in this series, without evidence of therapy-related progressive leukocytosis, bilirubin increase, or infectious or biliary complications after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Ron C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gaba
authors.forename: Ahsun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riaz
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lewandowski
authors.forename: Saad M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Kent T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Reed A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Omary
authors.forename: Riad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salem
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002641:Chicago; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015019:Yttrium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015019:Yttrium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001663:Bilirubin