title: Improving expansion of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells in perfused bioreactors through oxygen control.
abstract: The successful transfer of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) technology and cellular products into clinical and industrial applications needs to address issues of automation, standardization and the generation of relevant cell numbers of high quality. In this study, we combined microcarrier technology and controlled stirred tank bioreactors, to develop an efficient and scalable system for expansion of pluripotent hESCs. We demonstrate the importance of controlling pO(2) at 30% air saturation to improve hESCs growth. This concentration allowed for a higher energetic cell metabolism, increased growth rate and maximum cell concentration in contrast to 5% pO(2) where a shift to anaerobic metabolism was observed, decreasing cell expansion 3-fold. Importantly, the incorporation of an automated perfusion system in the bioreactor enhanced culture performance and allowed the continuous addition of small molecules assuring higher cell concentrations for a longer time period. The expanded hESCs retained their undifferentiated phenotype and pluripotency. Our results show, for the first time, that the use of controlled bioreactors is critical to ensure the production of high quality hESCs. When compared to the standard colony culture, our strategy improves the final yield of hESCs by 12-fold, providing a potential bioprocess to be transferred to clinical and industrial applications.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: Marcos F Q
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tostões
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clemente
authors.forename: Raimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strehl
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyllner
authors.forename: Manuel J T
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Carrondo
authors.forename: Paula M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Alves
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010477:Perfusion / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen