title: Urinary flow patterns in infants with distal hypospadias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate preoperative urinary flow patterns in hypospadic infants and compare them to those from normal infant boys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one boys (median age 14.0, range 12.8-21.6 months) referred for distal hypospadias surgery were compared to 19 healthy boys (median age 12.0, 9.2-19.8 months). In both groups a 14-mm transit-time ultrasound flow probe mounted around the base of the penis continuously registered uroflow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median maximum flow rate (Q(max)) was significantly lower in hypospadics (2.4 vs 4.4 ml/s, P < 0.01) while there was no difference in the voided volume per micturition (19.0 vs 21.0 ml, P 0.33). Flow curve pattern analysis revealed plateau-shaped curves in 31% of hypospadics compared to none in normal infant boys. Interestingly, dyscoordinated flow curves (interrupted, staccato, spike-dome) were less common in the hypospadics (36% vs 64%, P < 0.01). Meatal size did not correlate to Q(max) (rho = 0.26, P = 0.26).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infants with hypospadias void with a lower Q(max) and a lesser degree of dyscoordination as compared to normal infant boys. It can be speculated that decreased urethral compliance may contribute to the lower Q(max) and may act as a silencer for dyscoordination.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital - Skejby, 8200 N. Aarhus, Denmark. h-olsen@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: L Henning
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grothe
authors.forename: Yazan F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Rawashdeh
authors.forename: Troels Munch
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*