title: Long-term successful control of super-multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection by a novel combination therapy of raltegravir, etravirine, and boosted-darunavir.
abstract: Drug-resistant virus infection has been a major hurdle in the management of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Recently, three novel antiretrovirals [raltegravir (RAL), etravirine (ETR), and darunavir (DRV)] were introduced into the market almost simultaneously, and salvage regimens containing these three antiretrovirals have been reported to exhibit strong potency against drug-resistant HIV-1 infection. However, the sustainability of such regimens remains unclear, particularly for patients infected with multidrug-resistant viruses. Here we report a case of super-multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection which has been successfully controlled by novel combination therapy including RAL, ETR, and DRV for over 2 years, indicating that the novel combination could become an ultimate weapon against drug-resistant HIV infection and could alter the landscape of HIV salvage therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Odawara
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koibuchi
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawana-Tachikawa
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Aikichi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D000069454:Darunavir; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012367:RNA, Viral; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019562:Viral Load / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D011724:Pyridazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D012367:RNA, Viral; D013449:Sulfonamides; C451734:etravirine; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D000069454:Darunavir