title: Familial reducing body myopathy with cytoplasmic bodies and rigid spine revisited: identification of a second LIM domain mutation in FHL1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reducing body myopathy (RBM) is a rare progressive disorder of muscle characterized by intracytoplasmic inclusions, which stain strongly with menadione-NBT (nitroblue tetrazolium). We recently identified the four and a half LIM domain gene FHL1 located on chromosome Xq26 as the causative gene for RBM. So far eight familial cases and 21 sporadic patients with RBM have been reported in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We ascertained a total of 8 members of a German family initially reported by Goebel et al. as a mixed myopathy with rigid spine myopathy and reducing as well as cytoplasmic bodies. Clinical findings in the original and additional family members have been reviewed. Mutation detection was performed by direct sequencing of FHL1 exons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified a novel mutation (p.C150R) in the second LIM domain of FHL1 in six family members (1 male, 5 females). The male index patient was the most affected member presenting with rigid spine, followed by rapidly progressive muscle weakness. He died from the consequences of respiratory insufficiency at the age of 29.5 years. His sister, mother, grandmother, aunt and female cousin all carried the mutation in the heterozygous state. The sister is clinically unaffected; their mother had myopathic changes in her muscle biopsy, while the grandmother showed first signs of weakness at 50 years of age. The 54-year-old aunt and her daughter are clinically asymptomatic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a novel LIM2 domain mutation in FHL1 in a previously reported family with RBM with cytoplasmic bodies and spinal rigidity. While the male index patient was significantly affected, female carriers show varying manifestations and may be asymptomatic, likely reflecting varying degrees of X-inactivation. RBM continues to be associated with mutations in the LIM2 domain of FHL1. We also confirm our earlier observation that mutations at the N-terminal end of the LIM2 domain seem to be milder compared to mutations seen at the C-terminal part of the domain which cause severe disease even in female carriers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur Institute, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schessl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Columbus
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Voit
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Goebel
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Bönnemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000473:pathology; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C101149:FHL1 protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins