title: Alcohol and drug use among gang members: experiences of adolescents who attend school.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Problems related to gangs have been noted in large cities and in many schools across the United States. This study examined the patterns of alcohol, drug use, and related exposures among male and female high school students who were gang members.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses were based on the Youth Violence Survey, conducted in 2004, and administered to over 80% of eligible public school students in grades 7, 9, 11, and 12 (N = 4131) in a high-risk, urban school district. The self-administered survey, completed during a class period, included measures of alcohol and drug use and related exposures. Tests of associations were determined using chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 8.8% of students reported gang membership. Students who initiated alcohol use prior to age 13 (OR = 4.90; 95% CI: 3.65-6.58), who drank alcohol 3 or more times per week (OR = 9.57; 95% CI: 6.09-15.03) and who used drugs 3 or more times per week (OR = 6.51; 95% CI: 4.59-9.25) were more likely to report gang membership than students who did not report alcohol or drug use. Boys were more likely than girls to report alcohol-related fighting and drug selling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gang members were significantly more likely than non-gang members to have initiated alcohol early, to have reported a high prevalence of alcohol use, to have engaged in alcohol-related physical fighting, peer drinking, drug use, drug selling, peer drug selling, and having seen drug deals in their neighborhood. Schools may serve as a critically important source for intervention and prevention efforts for gang members, especially those in 7th grade, who still attend school.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-3995, USA. MSwahn@gsu.edu
authors.forename: Monica H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Swahn
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bossarte
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Topalli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003415:Crime / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010379:Peer Group; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012574:Schools; D012918:Social Alienation; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs