title: Serologic and molecular characteristics of hepatitis B virus among school children in East Java, Indonesia.
abstract: Universal childhood hepatitis B vaccination was introduced in Indonesia in 1997; by 2008, coverage was estimated to be 78%. This study aimed to investigate the serologic status and virologic characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among the children in East Java. A total of 229 healthy children born during 1994-1999 were enrolled in this study. Overall, 3.1% were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 23.6% were positive for antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). HBV DNA was detected in 5 of 222 HBsAg-negative carriers, which were suggested to be cases of occult HBV infection. A single amino substitution (T126I) in the S region was frequently found. HBV infection remains endemic, and the prevalence of anti-HBs remains insufficient among children in East Java, Indonesia.
authors.affiliation: Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia. tutsumi@people.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Utsumi
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Maria Inge
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Lusida
authors.forename: Mochamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.lastname: Soetjipto
authors.forename: Hak
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.forename: Yoshitake
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D002353:Carrier State / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral