title: Quality of life in patients with no-option critical limb ischemia underlines the need for new effective treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a solid baseline reference for quality of life (QoL) in patients with no-option critical limb ischemia (CLI). CLI is associated with surgery, endovascular interventions, hospitalization, and a poor prognosis. An increasing number of clinical trials are, therefore, investigating new treatment strategies (eg, therapeutic neovascularization) in patients with CLI. QoL serves as an important secondary endpoint in many of these trials, but solid reference QoL data for patients with no-option CLI are lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) and the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) questionnaires were used to obtain baseline QoL scores from 47 patients with no-option CLI participating in a therapeutic neovascularization trial. To allow for easy comparability, a norm-based scoring (NBS) method was used to report the results of the SF-36. Scores of patients with CLI were furthermore compared with scores of patients with milder forms of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and with patients with cardiovascular risk factors only. Determinants of QoL in patients with PAD were identified using multiple linear regression methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with no-option CLI reported QoL scores below the general population mean on every health dimension of the SF-36. Physical functioning, role physical functioning, and bodily pain were affected most intensively. These poor physical QoL scores were further underlined when compared with other patients with milder forms of PAD or patients with cardiovascular risk factors only. Patients with CLI scored poorly on the pain/discomfort and the usual activities domain of the EQ-5D. Diabetes, female gender, body mass index, and the ankle-brachial index at rest were significant determinants of the QoL in PAD on multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The QoL data of patients with no-option CLI using NBS methods for the SF-36 provide a baseline reference for ongoing clinical trials on new treatment strategies. Our data stress the need for new revascularization therapies in patients with no-option CLI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ralf W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Sprengers
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teraa
authors.forename: Frans L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.forename: G Ardine
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van der Graaf
authors.forename: Marianne C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Verhaar
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016014:Linear Models; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D009426:Netherlands; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome