title: Assessment of craniospinal pressure-volume indices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The PVI(CC) of the craniospinal compartment defines the shape of the pressure-volume curve and determines the damping of cyclic arterial pulsations. Despite no reports of direct measurements of the PVI(CC) among healthy elderly, it is believed that a change away from adequate accommodation of cardiac-related pulsations may be a pathophysiologic mechanism seen in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. In this study, blood and CSF flow measurements are combined with lumbar CSF infusion measurements to assess the craniospinal PVI(CC) and its distribution of cranial and spinal compartments in healthy elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven healthy elderly were included (60-82 years of age). The cyclic arterial volume change and the resulting shift of CSF to the spinal compartment were quantified by PC-MR imaging. In addition, each subject underwent a lumbar CSF infusion test in which the magnitude of cardiac-related pulsations in intracranial pressure was quantified. Finally, the PVI was calculated by using a mathematic model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After excluding 2 extreme values, the craniospinal PVI(CC) was calculated to a mean of 9.8 ± 2.7 mL and the estimated average 95% confidence interval of individual measurements was ± 9%. The average intracranial and spinal contributions to the overall compliance were 65% and 35% respectively (n = 35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining lumbar CSF infusion and PC-MR imaging proved feasible and robust for assessment of the craniospinal PVI(CC). This study produced normative values and showed that the major compensatory contribution was located intracranially.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. anders.wahlin@radfys.umu.se
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wåhlin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ambarki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Birgander
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alperin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malm
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eklund
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D015170:Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*