title: Presence of secretory cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein in cerebrospinal fluids of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage caused by stroke and neurotrauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized structure that separates blood vessels from the central nervous system (CNS) and restricts the entry of biomolecules and cells into the brain. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) produced by interferon-gamma-activated microglia (brain macrophages) is essential for disrupting the glia limitans of BBB, which is critical for lymphocytes penetration into brain capillaries in various CNS disorders. The cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CSE1L/CAS) protein has been shown to regulate MMP-2 secretion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined if CSE1L played a role in regulating the progression of intracerebral brain hemorrhage disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSE1L was detected by immunoblotting in cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage brain disorders, including stroke and neurotrauma. Interferon-gamma treatment induced CSE1L expression and increased the secretions of CSE1L and MMP-2 by U937 macrophages. Moreover, tranfection of U937 macrophages with siRNA that targeted CSE1L inhibited interferon-gamma-induced CSE1L and MMP-2 secretion by U937 macrophages. The numbers of lymphocytes in CSF were correlated with the levels of CSE1L and MMP-2 in patients' CSF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that CSE1L plays a role in regulating MMP-2-mediated BBB breakdown and it may be a target for control of BBB permeability in intracerebral brain hemorrhage disorders.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jai-Nien
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Tang-Yi
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: Shun-Liang
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Cheng-Jeng
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Shing-Chuan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Ya-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ming-Chung
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000502:physiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D029563:Cellular Apoptosis Susceptibility Protein / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000235:genetics; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D020521:Stroke / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D029563:Cellular Apoptosis Susceptibility Protein; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2