title: Beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol reduces infarct size and myocardial apoptosis after myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion in anaesthetized rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considerable evidence indicates that the beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol decreases apoptosis in a rodent model of ischaemic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we investigated the effects of clenbuterol on infarct size caused by myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) in anaesthetized rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: (i) sham (ii) I/R (iii) clenbuterol + I/R (iv) ICI 118551 + clenbuterol + I/R (v) metoprolol + clenbuterol + I/R (vi) metoprolol + I/R (vii) pertussis toxin + clenbuterol + I/R. Under anaesthesia, left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 2 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control I/R group,the clenbuterol (0.5 mg.kg(-1), i.p.) group had reduced infarct size, improved diastolic function and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) activity, increased superoxide dismutase activity, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and LDH, CK release. Clenbuterol increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which resulted in inhibition of myocardial apoptosis as indicated by the reduction of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase end labelling-positive staining, Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA and caspase-3 protein expression. The G(i)-protein inhibitor pertussis toxin blocked the clenbuterol-induced improvement in cardiac function and infarct size. Pretreatment with ICI 118551(a selective beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist) inhibited the effects of clenbuterol mentioned above. The beta(1)-adrenoceptor agonist metoprolol had similar effects to clenbuterol but failed to reduce MDA and improve SERCA activity. When administered together, metoprolol and clenbuterol did not induce synergistic effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clenbuterol pretreatment provides significant cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury and this is mediated by the beta(2)-adrenoceptor-G(i)-protein signalling. A combination of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol and the beta(1)-antagonist metoprolol did not lead to a synergistic anti-apoptotic effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Qiufang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jizhou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Xuanbin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Benrong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; D008790:Metoprolol; D002976:Clenbuterol