title: An ex vivo comparison of root canal length determination by three electronic apex locators at positions short of the apical foramen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision of working length determination of 3 electronic apex locators (EALs): Root ZX, RomiApex D-30, and Ipex at 0.0 mm, at the apical foramen (AF), and at 1.0 mm short of the AF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight mandibular premolars had their real lengths previously determined. Electronic measurements were determined at 1.0 mm, followed by measurements at 0.0 mm, performed in triplicate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Precision of devices at 1.0 mm and 0.0 mm were: 94.7% and 97.4%, respectively (Root ZX); 78.9% and 97.4% (RomiApex D-30); and 76.3% and 97.4% (Ipex). Although no statistical differences were observed between the EALs at 0.0, at 1.0 mm Root ZX performed significantly better than the others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EALs had acceptable precision when measuring the working length at the AF. However, when used at levels short of the AF, only Root ZX did not suffer a significant negative effect on precision.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry of Sobral, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. bcv@usp.br
authors.forename: Bruno Carvalho
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: de Vasconcelos
authors.forename: Tainá Macedo
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: do Vale
authors.forename: Antônio Sérgio Teixeira
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: de Menezes
authors.forename: Elilton Cavalcante
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Pinheiro-Junior
authors.forename: Nilton
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vivacqua-Gomes
authors.forename: Ricardo Affonso
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bernardes
authors.forename: Marco Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hungaro Duarte
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible; D009811:Odontometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000033:anatomy & histology*