title: Carcinogenesis risk assessment of chemicals using medium-term carcinogenesis bioassays.
abstract: There is a pressing need for medium term models as alternatives for two year testing of environmental compounds for carcinogenicity and toxicity. Optimally these should be of short duration in vivo, readily performed in the laboratory without the need for specialist equipment, be based on a priori reasoning and scientific principles and use effective surrogates for malignancies. The two models developed in DIMS Institute of Medical Science, the medium-term liver carcinogenesis bioassay and the medium-term multi-organ carcinogenesis bioassay, fulfil these criteria and have the massive advantage of already being used for testing of large numbers of agents.
authors.affiliation: DIMS Institute of Medical Science Inc. 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Ichinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens