title: Osteoporosis screening, prevention, and treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus: application of the systemic lupus erythematosus quality indicators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoporosis and fragility fractures are associated with significant morbidity for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). New quality indicators (QIs) for SLE advise bone mineral density testing, calcium and vitamin D use, and antiresorptive or anabolic treatment for specific subgroups of patients receiving high-dose steroids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were participants in the University of California, San Francisco Lupus Outcomes Study, an ongoing longitudinal study of patients with physician-confirmed SLE, in 2007-2008. Patients responded to an annual telephone survey and were queried regarding demographic, clinical, and other health care-related variables. Multiple logistic regression was used to predict receipt of care per the QIs described above.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-seven patients met the criteria for the formal definitions of the denominators for QI I (screening) and QI II (calcium and vitamin D); 91 met the formal criteria for QI III (treatment). The proportions of patients receiving care consistent with the QIs were 74%, 58%, and 56% for QIs I, II, and III, respectively. In a sensitivity analysis of all steroid users (n = 427 for QI I and II and n = 224 for QI III), rates were slightly lower. Predictors of receiving care varied by QI and by denominator; however, female sex, older age, white race, and longer disease duration were associated with higher-quality care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone health-related care in this community-based cohort of SLE patients is suboptimal. Quality improvement efforts should address osteoporosis prevention and care among all SLE patients, especially those receiving high-dose, prolonged steroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. schmajuk@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmajuk
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yelin
authors.forename: Eliza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chakravarty
authors.forename: Lorene M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Pantelis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panopolis
authors.forename: Jinoos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yazdany
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D015519:Bone Density; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000009:adverse effects; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium; D011241:Prednisone