title: Differential effects of insulin on sympathetic nerve activity in agouti obese mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperinsulinemia, which often coexists with obesity and type 2 diabetes, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and thought to promote hypertension through the sympathetic effects of insulin. Here, we examined the effect of insulin on regional sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed to examine insulin sensitivity in agouti obese mice. We used also multifiber recording to compare the regional SNA response to intracerebroventricular (ICV) insulin between lean and agouti obese mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agouti obese mice have significantly elevated levels of blood glucose and plasma insulin associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. In lean mice, ICV administration of insulin (20 and 100 microU) caused a dose-dependent increase in SNA subserving hindlimb, kidney and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Of note, the regional SNA responses to insulin were differentially altered in agouti obese mice. Whereas lumbar SNA response to insulin was intact in the obese mice, renal and BAT sympathetic activation to insulin were significantly attenuated in these agouti obese mice. Finally, we assessed the role of phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in mediating sympathetic activation to insulin in obesity. Notably, ICV pretreatment with a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) blocked the increase in lumbar SNA induced by ICV insulin in lean and agouti obese mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest a differential regulation by insulin of sympathetic outflow to peripheral tissues in obesity. Our findings also demonstrate the importance of PI3K in lumbar sympathetic activation to insulin in obesity.
authors.affiliation: Center on Functional Genomics of Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rahmouni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one