title: Imaging characteristics of children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and define the imaging characteristics of children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective medical records review and analysis of both temporal bone computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance images (MRI) in children with a diagnosis of ANSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighteen children with the electrophysiologic characteristics of ANSD with available imaging studies for review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two neuroradiologists and a neurotologist reviewed each study, and consensus descriptions were established.
  
  
  METHODS
  The type and number of imaging findings were tabulated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-eight (64%) MRIs revealed at least 1 imaging abnormality, whereas selective use of CT identified 23 (55%) with anomalies. The most prevalent MRI findings included cochlear nerve deficiency (n = 51; 28% of 183 nerves), brain abnormalities (n = 42; 40% of 106 brains), and prominent temporal horns (n = 33, 16% of 212 temporal lobes). The most prevalent CT finding from selective use of CT was cochlear dysplasia (n = 13; 31%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnetic resonance imaging will identify many abnormalities in children with ANSD that are not readily discernable on CT. Specifically, both developmental and acquired abnormalities of the brain, posterior cranial fossa, and cochlear nerves are not uncommonly seen in this patient population. Inner ear anomalies are well delineated using either imaging modality. Because many of the central nervous system findings identified in this study using MRI can alter the treatment and prognosis for these children, we think that MRI should be the initial imaging study of choice for children with ANSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, G190, Physician_s Office Building, CB 7070, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: Benjamin Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Marc K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bassim
authors.forename: Oliver F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Adunka
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Buchman
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000002:abnormalities; D003051:Cochlea / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003056:Cochlear Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed