title: Factors associated with the use of corticosteroids in the initial management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has not been shown to respond to corticosteroid therapy; however, many patients receive these drugs at the time of diagnosis. The factors that are associated with the decision to prescribe corticosteroids have not been examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1126 patients with a new diagnosis of IPF using The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database from the United Kingdom. We used generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression models to test the association of patient characteristics, co-morbid diseases, and disease characteristics with the use of corticosteroids within 30 days of IPF diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bivariable analyses demonstrated an association between female sex, the presence of dyspnea, the need for oxygen, past steroid use, and the use of corticosteroids immediately prior to diagnosis with the use of corticosteroids at the time of diagnosis. After adjustment with multivariable GEE regression, only the use of oxygen at the time of diagnosis (OR 1.69, CI 1.14-2.49), the past use of corticosteroids (OR 1.50, CI 1.04-2.15), and use of corticosteroids immediately prior to diagnosis (OR 5.72, CI 3.80-8.60) remained significantly associated with the use of corticosteroids immediately following diagnosis. No association was found between prior diabetes, osteoporosis, glaucoma, hypertension, congestive heart failure, obesity, or peptic ulcer disease and use of corticosteroids at diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decision to prescribe corticosteroids is associated with oxygen use and past corticosteroid use but is not influenced by factors such as age, gender, or common co-morbid conditions that may pre-dispose patients to adverse events of therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Jeffrey.munson@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Munson
authors.forename: Maryl
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kreider
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Christie
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kimmel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids