title: Use of heart rate monitoring for an individualized and time-variant decompression model.
abstract: Individual differences, physiological pre-conditions and in-dive conditions like workload and body temperature have been known to influence bubble formation and risk of decompression sickness in diving. Despite this fact, such effects are currently omitted from the decompression algorithms and tables that are aiding the divers. There is an apparent need to expand the modeling beyond depth and time to increase safety and efficiency of diving. The present paper outlines a mathematical model for how heart rate monitoring in combination with individual parameters can be used to obtain a customized and time-variant decompression model. We suggest that this can cover some of the individual differences and dive conditions that are affecting bubble formation. The model is demonstrated in combination with the previously published Copernicus decompression model, and is suitable for implementation in dive computers and post dive simulation software for more accurate risk analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. christian.gutvik@ntnu.no
authors.forename: Christian R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gutvik
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wisløff
authors.forename: Alf O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Brubakk
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D003665:Decompression Sickness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004242:Diving / Q000502:physiology*; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000209:etiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors