title: Cochlear implantation update: contemporary preoperative imaging and future prospects - the dual modality approach as a standard of care.
abstract: The selection of cochlear implant (CI) candidates requires consideration of a variety of clinical and radiographic factors. The present article reviews the current knowledge regarding the preoperative imaging of CI candidates and explores emerging developments in different imaging modalities. Preoperative radiologic assessment should evaluate the status of the middle/inner ear, auditory nerve and central acoustic pathways. Preoperative computed tomography displays anatomic middle ear variations of surgical importance. MRI can demonstrate fluid/obliteration in the inner ear and depict the retrocochlear auditory pathways. Dual modality imaging with high-resolution computed tomography and MRI of the petrous bone and brain can provide the maximum information regarding surgical landmarks and detect deafness-related abnormalities. Cost-effectiveness issues also justify its use. New systems are now becoming available, offering improved soft-tissue delineation, sophisticated segmentation techniques, volumetric measurements, semitransparent views and superior surface resolution, thus significantly advancing our diagnostic acumen and making the preoperative evaluation of CI candidates more accurate and reliable.
authors.affiliation: Lister Hospital, Coreys Mill Lane, Stevenage, SG1 4AB, UK. pevlast@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Petros V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Vlastarakos
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Nikolopoulos
authors.forename: Sotirios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: Malcolm Alexander
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bewick
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kandiloros
mesh_terms: D003051:Cochlea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography