title: Diagnostic accuracy of d-dimer and other peritoneal fluid analysis measurements in dairy cows with peritonitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peritoneal fluid analysis in cattle traditionally includes the classic parameters despite the fact that they have only moderate diagnostic accuracy and often fail to identify the pathogenesis or etiological factors. Therefore additional parameters recently have been established to improve diagnostic precision. In a recent study, reference ranges for several of these parameters have been proposed in dairy cows.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this observational study was to assess the diagnostic value of D-Dimer and other measurements of peritoneal fluid analysis in dairy cows with peritonitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 110 Holstein-Friesian cows grouped into cows with peritonitis (n = 47) and cows without peritonitis (n = 63).
  
  
  METHODS
  Peritoneal fluid was obtained by abdominocentesis. Total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, fibrinogen, l-lactate, D-Dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, white blood cell, and red blood cell were determined in peritoneal fluid and venous blood. Serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) and ratios of peritoneal fluid-venous blood were calculated. Sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) were calculated and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peritoneal fluid D-Dimer was most accurate in diagnosing peritonitis in cows (SN and SP>95.0%). Total protein concentration, LDH and LDH ratio, and SAAG had sensitivities between 49.0 and 67.1%, and specificities between 88.4 and 95.5%. A low-peritoneal fluid glucose concentration was found to be highly indicative of septic peritonitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of the recently introduced parameters may increase the diagnostic value of peritoneal fluid analysis and provide additional specific information. Therefore these measurements should be included in the routine procedure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Production and Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK. t.wittek@vet.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wittek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grosche
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Locher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fürll
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003612:Dairying; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D011506:Proteins; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002784:Cholesterol; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D005947:Glucose