Iron and its complexation by phenolic cellular metabolites: from oxidative stress to chemical weapons.
Iron is a transition metal that forms chelates and complexes with various organic compounds, also with phenolic plant secondary metabolites. The ligands of iron affect the redox potential of iron. Electrons may be transferred either to hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide or molecular oxygen. In the first case, oxidative stress is decreased, in the latter two cases, oxidative stress is increased. This milieu-dependent mode of action may explain the non-linear mode of action of juglone and other secondary metabolites. Attention to this phenomenon may help to explain idiosyncratic and often nonlinear effects that result in biological assays. Current chemical assays are discussed that help to explore these aspects of redox chemistry.
Chobot
Vladimir
V
Department of Chemical Ecology and Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Hadacek
Franz
F
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006540:Herbicides; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D059808:Polyphenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D006540:Herbicides; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007501:Iron; C005134:juglone