title: Development of an in vitro modified skin absorption test for the investigation of the follicular penetration pathway of caffeine.
abstract: The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) recommends caffeine as a reference substance for in vitro skin absorption tests using Franz diffusion cells (FDC). However, it has not been possible to investigate the follicular penetration pathway using this method until now. The aim of this study was to develop a technique to allow the examination of the follicular penetration pathway of a substance penetrating into the skin. The OECD standard method was therefore combined with the follicle closing technique (FCT), an established in vivo method. By using test skin of varying follicular densities, different penetration values were obtained for the test substance caffeine. The follicular penetration rate was determined by an indirect calculation after modifying the in vivo FCT for use in the in vitro FDC. This method is the first to allow the differentiation of penetration pathways by combining the OECD standard method (using the FDC) and the FCT. Caffeine showed a surprisingly high rate of penetration through the follicular shunts in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trauer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lademann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Knorr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liebsch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rozycki
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balizs
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Büttemeyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linscheid
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patzelt
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000042:Absorption; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast; D002110:Caffeine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004058:Diffusion; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine