title: Occurrence and identification of yeast species in fermented liquid feed for piglets.
abstract: The major objective of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and identity of yeast species in fermented liquid feed (FLF) used for feeding piglets. In total, 40 different Danish farms were included in the analysis. The preparation and composition of FLF was found to be very heterogeneous with high variations in both yeast counts and yeast species composition. The yeast population varied between 6.0 × 10(3) and 4.2 × 10(7) cfug(-1) with an average yeast count of 8.7 × 10(6) ± 1.1 × 10(7) cfug(-1). A total of 766 yeasts were isolated and identified by conventional and/or molecular typing techniques. The predominant yeast species in the FLF samples were found to be Candida milleri (58.4%), Kazachstania exigua (17.5%), Candida pararugosa (6.40%) and Kazachstania bulderi (5.09%). No clear separation between isolates of C. milleri and Candida humilis could be obtained based on sequencing of the D1/D2 region of the 26S rRNA gene. The combined use of ITS-RFLP analysis and phenotypic criteria did meanwhile suggest a closer relationship with C. milleri than C. humilis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gori
authors.forename: Marina Kryger
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bjørklund
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Canibe
authors.forename: Anni Øyan
authors.initials: AØ
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Lene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jespersen
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D005285:Fermentation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; C065096:RNA, ribosomal, 26S