Implantable semiconductor biosensor for continuous in vivo sensing of far-red fluorescent molecules.
We have fabricated miniature implantable fluorescence sensors for continuous fluorescence sensing applications in living subjects. These monolithically integrated GaAs-based sensors incorporate a 675 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), a GaAs PIN photodiode, and a fluorescence emission filter. We demonstrate high detection sensitivity for Cy5.5 far-red dye (50 nanoMolar) in living tissue, limited by the intrinsic background autofluorescence. These low cost, sensitive and scalable sensors are promising for long-term continuous monitoring of molecular dynamics for biomedical studies in freely moving animals.
O'Sullivan
Thomas
T
Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 420 via Palou, Stanford, CA 94305-4075, USA.
Munro
Elizabeth A
EA
Parashurama
Natesh
N
Conca
Christopher
C
Gambhir
Sanjiv S
SS
Harris
James S
JS
Levi
Ofer
O
D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000378:metabolism; D005453:Fluorescence; D007834:Lasers; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012666:Semiconductors / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013499:Surface Properties
C098793:CY5.5 cyanine dye; D002232:Carbocyanines