Identification of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes by systolic blood pressure and waist-to-hip ratio.
OBJECTIVE
We estimated the current prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the Vietnamese population and developed simple diagnostic models for identifying individuals at high risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes.


METHODS
The study was designed as a cross-sectional investigation with 721 men and 1,421 women, who were aged between 30 and 72 years and were randomly sampled from Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) in Vietnam. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test to assess fasting and 2 h plasma glucose concentrations were determined for each individual. The ADA diagnostic criteria were used to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. WHR and blood pressure were also measured in all individuals.


RESULTS
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 10.8% in men and 11.7% in women. Higher WHR and blood pressure were independently associated with a greater risk of type 2 diabetes. Compared with participants without central obesity and hypertension, the odds of diabetes was increased by 6.4-fold (95% CI 3.2-13.0) in men and 4.1-fold (2.2-7.6) in women with central obesity and hypertension. Two nomograms were developed that help identify men and women at high risk of type 2 diabetes.


CONCLUSIONS
The current prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the Vietnamese population is high. Simple field measurements such as waist-to-hip ratio and systolic blood pressure can identify individuals at high risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Ta
M T T
MT
Department of Nutrition, Nhan dan Gia Dinh Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Nguyen
K T
KT
Nguyen
N D
ND
Campbell
L V
LV
Nguyen
T V
TV
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012372:ROC Curve; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
D001786:Blood Glucose