title: Hepatitis E virus infection among pig handlers in Accra, Ghana.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the correlates of hepatitis E virus infection (HEV) in a sample of persons who work with pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three pig farms in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.
  
  
  METHODS
  Persons who work with pigs seen at the selected pig farms between the months of January and May 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and five persons who work with pigs voluntarily completed a risk-factor questionnaire and provided blood samples for unlinked anonymous testing for the presence of antibodies to HEV. The median age of participants was 36.5 +/- 15.0 years (range 12-65 years). Of the 105 subjects tested, HEV seroprevelance was 38.1%. On multivariate analysis, the independent determinants of HEV infection were being employed on the farm for less than six months (odds ratio (OR) 9.1; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.0-81.4 and having piped water in the household and/or on the farm (OR 3.9; 95% CI 0.4-90.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent with similar studies worldwide, the results of our studies revealed a high prevalence of HEV infection in persons who work with pigs. Further studies need to be done to isolate, characterise the virus and define the clinical and epidemiological significance of HEV infection in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Adjei
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Aviyase
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tettey
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adu-Gyamfi
authors.forename: J A A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mingle
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Ayeh-Kumi
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Adiku
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gyasi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D015995:Prevalence; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M