title: Pharmacological profiles of the murine gastric and colonic H,K-ATPases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The H,K-ATPase, consisting of α and ß subunits, belongs to the P-type ATPase family. There are two isoforms of the α subunit, HKα₁ and HKα₂ encoded by different genes. The ouabain-resistant gastric HKα₁-H,K-ATPase is Sch28080-sensitive. However, the colonic HKα₂-H,K-ATPase from different species shows poor primary structure conservation of the HKα₂ subunit between species and diverse pharmacological sensitivity to ouabain and Sch28080. This study sought to determine the contribution of each gene to functional activity and its pharmacological profile using mouse models with targeted disruption of HKα₁, HKα₂, or HKbeta genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Membrane vesicles from gastric mucosa and distal colon in wild-type (WT), HKα₁, HKα₂, or HKß knockout (KO) mice were extracted. K-ATPase activity and pharmacological profiles were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The colonic H,K-ATPase demonstrated slightly greater affinity for K(+) than the gastric H,K-ATPase. This K-ATPase activity was not detected in the colon of HKα₂ KO but was observed in HKß KO with properties indistinguishable from WT. Neither ouabain nor Sch28080 had a significant effect on the WT colonic K-ATPase activity, but orthovanadate abolished this activity. Amiloride and its analogs benzamil and 5-N-ethyl-N-isopropylamiloride inhibited K-ATPase activity of HKα₁-containing H,K-ATPase; the dose dependence of inhibition was similar for all three inhibitors. In contrast, the colonic HKα₂-H,K-ATPase was not inhibited by these compounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that the mouse colonic H,K-ATPase exhibits a ouabain- and Sch28080-insensitive, orthovanadate-sensitive K-ATPase activity. Interestingly, pharmacological studies suggested that the mouse gastric H,K-ATPase is sensitive to amiloride.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Characterization of the pharmacological profiles of the H,K-ATPases is important for understanding the relevant knockout animals and for considering the specificity of the inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Jiahong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gumz
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: Shen-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Gary E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Shull
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: van Driel
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wingo
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000235:genetics; D003106:Colon / Q000201:enzymology*; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology*; D017506:H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D014638:Vanadates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; C035235:Sch 28080; D014638:Vanadates; D010042:Ouabain; D000584:Amiloride; D017506:H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase