title: A comparison of the hemodynamic changes and propofolinduced pain at two different doses of remifentanil in elderly patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal dose of remifentanil for minimizing hemodynamic changes during intubation and reducing propofol-induced pain in elderly patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized prospective study, 60 patients (ASA I-II, elder than 65 years) were enrolled to determine which of two target remifentanil blood concentrations (3 ng/ml, 5 ng/ml) was required to blunt hemodynamic changes during intubation and to reduce propofol-induced pain. After the target effect site concentration of remifentanil had been reached, the target controlled infusion of propofol was started and propofol-induced pain was recorded. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at baseline, just before intubation and 1, 3, 5 min after intubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the hemodynamic parameters between two groups, but not in arterial pressure at just before intubation and 1 minute after intubation. However, the group R5 (5 ng/ml) showed significantly less intense pain induced by propofol than in the group R3 (3 ng/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the group R5 provide more relief in propofol induced pain than the group R3, but showed great possibility of hypotension and bradycardia in both groups, which means it should be used with cautions in the elderly patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hi
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Soon Taek
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Yang Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Tak
authors.forename: Chong Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kim