title: Ethnoveterinary knowledge in Navarra (Iberian Peninsula).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To collect, analyze and evaluate the ethnoveterinary knowledge about medicinal plants in a northern Iberian region (Navarra, 10,421 km(2), 620,377 inhabitants).
  
  
  METHODS
  Field work was conducted between 2003 and 2007, using semi-structured questionnaire and participant observation as well as transects walks in wild herbal plant collection areas. We performed semi-structured interviews with 667 informants (mean age 72; 55.47% women, 44.53% men) in 265 locations, identified the plant reported and analyzed the results, comparing them with those from other territories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 287 species reported to be used in the health field (human and veterinary medicine), 36 are linked to veterinary medicine. 69.4% of these species are new or rarely reported in veterinarian uses. The most frequently used plants were Malva sylvestris, Juglans regia and Verbena officinalis. All different plant parts were used; aerial part was exploited more frequently than other plant parts. Most remedies listed used a single ingredient, typically soaked in water. The route of administration was primarily oral followed by topical applications. These remedies are mostly for cows, calves, sheep, pigs and horses, but cover almost all domestic animal species. The main ailments treated are digestive troubles, wounds and dermatological problems, and respiratory affections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The folk knowledge about medicinal plant use is still alive in the studied region, and a number of scarcely reported plant uses has been detected, some of them with promising phytotherapeutical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology (Botany), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akerreta
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Cavero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D019448:Ethnobotany; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000662:veterinary; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014730:Veterinary Medicine; D055815:Young Adult