title: Increase in matrix metalloproteinase-2 level in the chicken retina after laser photocoagulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which has been implicated in various vitreoretinal diseases, in the retina after laser photocoagulation (LPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The time course of MMP-2 expression in 2-day-old chicken retinas before and 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days, 8 days, 16 days, and 32 days after LPC was determined by real-time PCR and gelatin zymography. The basal level of MMP-2 in the retina and vitreous was also measured by gelatin zymography. MMP-2 localization in the retina was examined by immunohistochemistry. The localization of MMP-2 mRNA was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The internal limiting membrane (ILM) was observed by scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMP-2 mRNA expression in the retina peaked at day 4, but gelatin zymography showed that MMP-2 peaked 6 hours after LPC and the significant increase in the level of active MMP-2 lasted for more than 4 days. The concentration of MMP-2 in the vitreous was significantly higher than that in the retina. A distinct MMP-2 signal around the ILM was identified 6 hours after LPC, but MMP-2 mRNA was not detected there. Electron microscopy showed a damaged retinal surface after LPC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant increase in retinal MMP-2 which lasted for more than 4 days after LPC may be induced by influx from the vitreous into the retina. This MMP-2 dynamics may contribute to pathological processes in the retina after LPC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195 Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeyama
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Zenzo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Isogai
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohno-Jinno
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Huili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Iichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwaki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zako
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2