Membrane budding and scission by the ESCRT machinery: it's all in the neck.
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) catalyse one of the most unusual membrane remodelling events in cell biology. ESCRT-I and ESCRT-II direct membrane budding away from the cytosol by stabilizing bud necks without coating the buds and without being consumed in the buds. ESCRT-III cleaves the bud necks from their cytosolic faces. ESCRT-III-mediated membrane neck cleavage is crucial for many processes, including the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies, viral budding, cytokinesis and, probably, autophagy. Recent studies of ultrastructures induced by ESCRT-III overexpression in cells and the in vitro reconstitution of the budding and scission reactions have led to breakthroughs in understanding these remarkable membrane reactions.
Hurley
James H
JH
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0580, USA. hurley@helix.nih.gov
Hanson
Phyllis I
PI
D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D048749:Cytokinesis; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D057146:Multivesicular Bodies / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D057074:Virus Release
D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport