title: Adjuvant chemoradiation therapy in gallbladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gallbladder cancer is a relatively uncommon gastrointestinal malignancy. Indications for adjuvant chemoradiation therapy after surgical resection have not yet been determined. We aimed this study to elucidate the effectiveness of adjuvant chemoradiation therapy according to TNM stage for gallbladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2001 and March 2009, 100 patients with gallbladder cancer underwent surgical resection. We divided the patients according to TNM stage, and subdivided further according to whether adjuvant chemoradiation therapy was added or not. The clinicopathologic factors, recurrence and survival were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with gallbladder cancer at T2N0M0, T2N1M0, T3N0M0, and T3N1M0 stages were enrolled in this study. Among the four stages, the two lymph node-negative stages (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0) did not show any gain in survival by adding adjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Conversely, the remaining lymph node-positive stages (T2N1M0 and T3N1M0) showed gain in disease-free survival, and the lymph node-positive T2 stage (T2N1M0) showed gain in disease-specific survival. In patients with lymph node-positive T2/T3 GB cancers, adjuvant chemoradiation therapy was an independent prognostic factor for survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjuvant chemoradiation therapy is recommended for lymph node-positive T2/T3 gallbladder cancer following surgical resection.
authors.affiliation: Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seong Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung-Sik
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Young-Kyu
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwang-Woong
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Woo Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang Myung
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Tae-Hyun
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069287:Capecitabine; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D000093542:Gemcitabine