title: A study on orthodontic bone-bonding anchorage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study had two objectives: (1) to measure the maximum loading capacity of a new skeletal orthodontic anchorage, designated the "bone-bonding anchorage," and (2) to study its histological basis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 81 bone-bonding anchorages were fixed onto the surface of the tibia of 12 big-ear white rabbits with N-2-butyl cyanoacrylate. The 12 animals were divided into groups designated as the immediate, 2-week, 4-week, and 8-week after-surgery groups. The maximum loading capacity of each group was measured, and histological changes were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicate a tendency toward an initial decrease and then an increase in the maximum loading capacity of the bone-bonding anchorage. The mean value of the 8-week group reached 45.69 N, which can satisfy orthodontic clinical needs. Histologically, new bone formation was found around the base of the bone-bonding anchorage, which wrapped the base until it was bone-buried, creating the histological basis of the maximum loading capacity. In the experiment, the total failure rate of the bone-bonding anchorage was 13.6%, and no failure occurred in the immediate and 8-week groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The loading capacity of the bone-bonding anchorage is sufficient for orthodontic use, but whether or not it can be applied to clinical practice merits further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xianjv
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yuxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Weiming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000737:chemistry*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D008422:Materials Testing; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010521:Periosteum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D004659:Enbucrilate