title: Baseline sensitivity of lepidopteran corn pests in India to Cry1Ab insecticidal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetically engineered corn (Bt corn) expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner insecticidal protein Cry1Ab is a biotechnological option being considered for management of lepidopteran corn pests in India. As a resistance management practice it was essential to determine the sensitivity of multiple populations of the stalk borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe), pink borer Sesamia inferens (Walker) and the cob borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) to Cry1Ab protein through bioassays. The insect populations were collected during growing seasons of Rabi 2005 (October 2005 to February 2006) and Kharif 2006 (May to September 2006).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple populations of the three lepidopteran corn pests were found to be susceptible to Cry1Ab. Median lethal concentrations (LC(50)) ranged between 0.008 and 0.068 microg Cry1Ab mL(-1) diet for 18 populations of C. partellus (across two seasons), between 0.12 and 1.99 microg mL(-1) for seven populations of H. armigera and between 0.46 and 0.56 microg mL(-1) for two populations of S. inferens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dose-response concentrations for lethality and growth inhibition have been determined to mark baseline sensitivity of multiple populations of key lepidopteran corn pests in India to Cry1Ab protein. These benchmark values will be referenced while monitoring resistance to Cry1Ab should Bt corn hybrids expressing Cry1Ab be approved for commercial cultivation in India.
authors.affiliation: National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Bellary Road, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Sushil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.forename: Yadavalli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lalitha
authors.forename: Subray P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kamath
authors.forename: Komarlingam S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: Graham P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Head
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001681:Biological Assay; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007194:India; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000502:physiology*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D012621:Seasons; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis