title: Vaccines as monotherapy and in combination therapy for prostate cancer.
abstract: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. Standard-of-care chemotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is associated with significant but modest survival benefit, indicating a need for alternative and/or additional approaches. The use of therapeutic cancer vaccines for the treatment of prostate cancer represents a novel targeted therapeutic approach. Whereas vaccine strategies are being developed for the treatment of various stages of prostate cancer, this article focuses on novel vaccine strategies for castration-resistant prostate cancer that have been translated into late-stage clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rotow
authors.forename: Sofia R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gameiro
authors.forename: Ravi A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gulley
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schlom
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hodge
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen