title: High-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung shows increased thymidylate synthase expression compared to other histotypes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression has been reported in various tumors, including non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), but not in high-grade neuroendocrine (HGNE) carcinoma of the lung.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured TS expression in surgically resected pulmonary tumors, comparing HGNE carcinomas of the lung (13 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 8 small-cell lung carcinomas) with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung using laser-capture microdissection for tissue isolation, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunohistochemistry. We also measured TS mRNA expression in small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and NSCLC cell lines using real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At both mRNA and protein levels, TS expression was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinoma compared to adenocarcinoma. Moreover, TS expression was significantly higher in HGNE carcinomas of the lung compared to squamous cell carcinoma. A significant correlation was found between mRNA and protein expression. TS mRNA expression in SCLC cell lines was significantly higher than in NSCLC cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TS expression was higher in HGNE carcinomas of the lung than in squamous cell carcinoma, which was higher than in adenocarcinoma. This information may be useful in predicting the effects of TS-inhibiting agents in patients with NSCLC and HGNE carcinomas of the lung.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ibe
authors.forename: Kimihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Tetsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakegawa
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamiyoshihara
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaira
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takeyoshi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase