title: Anti-osteoporotic activity of the petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. in ovariectomized Wistar rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The plant Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) is used as an osteoprotective agent in Ayurveda, the Indian system of alternative medicine. The present study was done to validate the anti-osteoporotic role of the petroleum ether extract of CQ on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female wistar rats were divided into five groups of six rats each; (1) The Normal control (NC) group (n=6) received no surgery and no treatment, (2). The Sham control (SHAM) group (n=6) received sham surgery but no treatment, (3) the Ovariectomized (OVX) group (n=6) received an ovariectomy and normal saline treatment for 90 days, (4) the Ovariectomized+raloxifene (OVX+RAL) group (n=6) received an ovariectomy and treatment with raloxifene, a known anti-osteoporotic agent for 90 days commencing from 22nd post ovariectomy day and (5) the Ovariectomy+Cissus quadrangularis (OVX+CQ) group (n=6) received an ovariectomy, and treatmentwith the petroleum ether extract of CQ 500 mg/kg body weight daily for 90 days commencing from 22nd post ovariectomy day. At the end of the treatment period, rats in all groups were sacrificed and the right femur was used for biomechanical analysis, and the left femur for histomorphometrical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CQ significantly increased the force required to break the femur (p<0.001) and significantly increased the thickness of both cortical (p<0.001) and trabecular bone (p<0.001). This action of CQ was comparable to the action of raloxifene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The petroleum ether extract of CQ stem seems to possess anti-osteoporotic activity in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Centre for Basic Sciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Bhagath Kumar
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Potu
authors.forename: Muddanna S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Gopalan Kutty
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Nampurath
authors.forename: Mallikarjuna Rao
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chamallamudi
authors.forename: Soubhagya Ranjan
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: Huban
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D032422:Cissus; D005260:Female; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride