Evolution of the uses of rats and mice for assessing carcinogenic risk from chemicals in humans.
With developments in the philosophy behind animal testing for carcinogenicity and toxicity, with increasing emphasis on Mode of Action analysis, the future usefulness of the 2 year rodent carcinogenesis bioassay is in doubt.
Ward
Jerrold M
JM
Global VetPathology, Montgomery Village, Maryland, USA.
D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D005075:Biological Evolution; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors
D002273:Carcinogens