title: Effect of chondroitin sulfate on intraocular pressure in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of intracameral injections of chondroitin sulfate (CS) on intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal function, and histology in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute or chronic injections of CS were performed unilaterally in the rat anterior chamber, whereas the contralateral eye was injected with vehicle. IOP was daily or weekly assessed by a tonometer. Retinal function was assessed by scotopic electroretinography (ERG) and the visual pathway by flash visual evoked potentials (VEPs), whereas the retinal and optic nerve head structure were examined by histologic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A single injection of 8 mg (but not 2 or 4 mg) CS induced a significant increase of IOP. The increase of IOP induced by a single injection of 8 mg CS lasted for 7 days, whereas chronic (weekly) administration during 10 weeks induced a significant and sustained increase in IOP compared with eyes injected with vehicle. A significant decrease of scotopic ERG a- and b- wave amplitude was observed after 6 and 10 weeks of CS administration. Moreover, a significant decrease in scotopic flash VEP N2-P2 component amplitude was observed in eyes treated with CS for 6 and 10 weeks. A significant loss of ganglion cell layer cells and optic nerve axons was observed in eyes receiving CS for 10 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that exogenous CS simulates the accumulation of CS in primary open-angle glaucoma and that increased amounts of CS could play a key role in the IOP dysregulation characteristic of glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Belforte
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sande
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Zavalía
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Knepper
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Rosenstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000187:drug effects; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004596:Electroretinography; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D007267:Injections; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates