title: Increased expression of microRNA in the inflamed colonic mucosa of patients with active ulcerative colitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MicroRNA (miRNA) are endogenous, approximately 22-nucleotide non-coding RNA that suppress gene expression at post-transcriptional levels by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of specific mRNA targets through base-pairing. It has been recently reported that miRNA have critical functions in key biological processes such as cell proliferation and cell death in various cancer cells. However, the relationship between intestinal inflammation and miRNA expression remains unclear. In the present study, we used microarray technology to identify miRNA induced in the colonic mucosa of patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two colonic biopsy specimens from patients with active stage (>Matts grade 2) of UC under colonoscopy and two colonic biopsy specimens from healthy volunteers were obtained for gene expression profiles. Total RNA was extracted, and miRNA expression profiles were investigated using miRNA Microarray. Subsequently, to confirm the result of the Microarray investigation, we checked the expression of several selected miRNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 12 colonic biopsy specimens from patients with active UC under colonoscopy and 12 specimens from the healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the microarray study, the expression of several miRNA was upregulated in the colonic mucosa of patients with active UC. Furthermore, two miRNA (miR-21, miR-155) were selected in the study using real-time PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upregulated miRNA may be responsible for the development of intestinal inflammation in UC.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Katsura
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizushima
authors.forename: Ikuhiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tomatsuri
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oyamada
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Isozaki
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hongo
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kokura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D003113:Colonoscopy; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C524942:MIRN155 microRNA, human; C524940:MIRN21 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs