title: Proinflammatory and immunosuppressive serum, ascites and cyst fluid cytokines in patients with early and advanced ovarian cancer and benign ovarian tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the profiles of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in serum and the tumor microenvironment (cyst fluid, ascites) in women with ovarian cancer or benign ovarian tumors to find the differences in their immunological status. We also estimated serum cytokines as biomarkers to distinguish preoperatively between malignant or benign character of tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  51 women with epithelial ovarian cancer, 26 with benign ovarian tumors of epithelial origin and 21 healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of cytokines were measured using ELISA sets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We did not found differences in the levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-2 in all fluids isolated from patients with malignant or benign tumors. Women with advanced cancer had significantly higher serum IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-beta1 levels than women with early stages or benign tumors. Moreover, women with very advanced cancer in whom the optimal cytoreduction was disabled had the highest serum levels of IL-10, TGF-beta1 and IL-8. The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were higher in ascites of cancer patients than in ascites of women with benign tumors. The areas under curves constructed for the selected cutoff serum cytokines levels (AUC-ROC) showed good predictive values for IL-6 (0.87), IL-10 (0.836) and IL-8 (0.797).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate on intensified inflammatory process in women with ovarian cancer (accompanied by their immunosuppression). Preoperative analysis of serum IL-6, IL-10 and IL-8 may improve the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Surgery, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Poland. mrn@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Glowacka
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szpakowski
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szyllo
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malinowski
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kulig
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tchorzewski
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilczynski
mesh_terms: D001201:Ascites / Q000378:metabolism*; D020420:Cyst Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines