title: Gallbladder adenocarcinoma with human chorionic gonadotropin: a case report and review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The case of adenocarcinoma with human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG), primary in the male gallbladder, is extremely rare. A Medline search has shown only a few similar cases reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  We herein describe a case of primary gallbladder adenocarcinoma associated by ectopic HCG positive tumor cells in a 79-year-old male.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pathological examination showed a mixture of moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with ectopic HCG and placental alkaline phosphatase (PlAP) in tumor cells, though the increase of serum or urinary HCG secretion was not confirmed. The literatures were also reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A case of gallbladder cancer with ectopic HCG production is quite rare in the literature, though many similar cases in other site, especially in GI tract, are reported. Embryological consideration suggests the increased frequency of similar cases more than being thought now.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tokai University Oiso Hospital, 21-1 Gakyou, Oiso, Kanagawa 259-0198, Japan. sato@oiso.u-tokai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinkichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Takeaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujihira
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohtani
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000032:analysis*; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C019839:alkaline phosphatase, placental