title: Transvenous occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in 56 consecutive dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Document safety and efficacy of transvenous catheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) over a wide range of ductal and patient sizes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of fifty-six consecutive dogs referred to Colorado State University with diagnosis of PDA. All cases utilized the transvenous approach, via the femoral vein. Occlusion was achieved using a coil (Flipper) in dogs with PDA minimal dimension of <or=4 mm. Amplatzer duct occluder or Amplatzer vascular plugs were used in dogs with PDA minimal dimension >4 mm, or if a coil was unstable following deployment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ductal occlusion was achieved using the transvenous route alone in 54/56 dogs (96.4%). Occlusion was achieved using detachable Flipper coils in 39/42 dogs (92.9%) in which coil occlusion was attempted, with 38/39 dogs (97.4%) requiring only a single coil. In 16 dogs, occlusion was achieved using an Amplatzer duct occluder or vascular plug. Post-procedure residual ductal flow was absent or only mild in 36/39 (92.3%) dogs in which it was assessed. Procedural mortality rate was 1.7%, and major complication rate 7.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcatheter occlusion via a transvenous approach is a safe and effective method for treating PDA in dogs and is useful for small dogs (<2.5 kg).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Rd, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA.
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Blossom
authors.forename: Janice M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bright
authors.forename: Leigh G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Griffiths
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis / Q000662:veterinary; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000662:veterinary*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000662:veterinary; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000628:therapy; D004285:Dogs; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome