New insights into the immunological effects of food bioactive peptides in animal models of intestinal inflammation.
Bioactive peptides have proven to be active in several conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This is a chronic and relapsing condition of unknown aetiology that comprises chiefly ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Although there are treatments for IBD, they have frequent side effects and they are not always effective; therefore there is a need for new therapies that could alleviate this condition. Two bioactive peptides present in milk (transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and casein macropeptide, also named glycomacropeptide) have been shown to have intestinal anti-inflammatory activities. In fact, TGF-beta is currently added to formulas intended for patients with IBD, and several studies indicate that these formulas could induce clinical remission. In this paper, evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory effect of TGF-beta and bovine glycomacropeptide, as well as their mechanisms of action, is reviewed, focusing on the evidence obtained in animal models.
de Medina
Fermín Sánchez
FS
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Granada 18071, Spain.
Daddaoua
Abdelali
A
Requena
Pilar
P
Capitán-Cañadas
Fermín
F
Zarzuelo
Antonio
A
Dolores Suárez
María
M
Martínez-Augustin
Olga
O
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002364:Caseins; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta