title: Combination of morphology, flow cytometry and PCR assay to detect bone marrow infiltration in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Morphology on bone marrow biopsy (BMB) samples has historically been the primary method used to detect bone marrow (BM) infiltration in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), while fl ow cytometry (FC) and PCR assays have been generally used as ancillary methods. In this study we evaluated a combined approach utilizing all three methods to detect BM infiltration in patients with NHL both at diagnosis and after therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 193 patients with NHL, who received simultaneous BMB, FC and PCR assays. Morphology on histologic specimens was used to assess infiltration pattern and immunohistochemistry, FC to analyze immunophenotype, PCR to identify IgH rearrangement, BCL-1/JH and BCL-2/JH translocation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morphology, FC and PCR assays agreed in 142 cases (73.5%) with more concordance at initial diagnosis than during postchemotherapy follow-up. PCR was the single best-performing test, while combination of morphology and PCR yielded a higher sensitivity than individual methods and was similar to PCR + FC. We observed little added benefit using a third approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the initial importance of histological information evident by morphology, our data suggest that combination of morphology and PCR should be considered the gold standard for evaluation of BM infiltration at diagnosis, while combination of PCR + FC should be employed during post-treatment follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Transplants and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy. g.carulli@ao-pisa.toscana.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carulli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orciuolo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cannizzo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giuntini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ottaviano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galimberti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghimenti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055815:Young Adult