title: A process optimization for bio-catalytic production of substituted catechols (3-nitrocatechol and 3-methylcatechol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Substituted catechols are important precursors for large-scale synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other industrial products. Most of the reported chemical synthesis methods are expensive and insufficient at industrial level. However, biological processes for production of substituted catechols could be highly selective and suitable for industrial purposes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have optimized a process for bio-catalytic production of 3-substituted catechols viz. 3-nitrocatechol (3-NC) and 3-methylcatechol (3-MC) at pilot scale. Amongst the screened strains, two strains viz. Pseudomonas putida strain (F1) and recombinant Escherichia coli expression clone (pDTG602) harboring first two genes of toluene degradation pathway were found to accumulate 3-NC and 3-MC respectively. Various parameters such as amount of nutrients, pH, temperature, substrate concentration, aeration, inoculums size, culture volume, toxicity of substrate and product, down stream extraction, single step and two-step biotransformation were optimized at laboratory scale to obtain high yields of 3-substituted catechols. Subsequently, pilot scale studies were performed in 2.5 liter bioreactor. The rate of product accumulation at pilot scale significantly increased up to approximately 90-95% with time and high yields of 3-NC (10 mM) and 3-MC (12 mM) were obtained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The biocatalytic production of 3-substituted catechols viz. 3-NC and 3-MC depend on some crucial parameters to obtain maximum yields of the product at pilot scale. The process optimized for production of 3-substituted catechols by using the organisms P. putida (F1) and recombinant E. coli expression clone (pDTG602) may be useful for industrial application.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR), Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Dhan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: Janmejay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Bhupendra N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Tiwary
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D055162:Biocatalysis; D019149:Bioreactors; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D002396:Catechols / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C506350:nitrocatechol; C031136:3-methylcatechol