title: Transcriptional regulation of the grape cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene CYP736B expression in response to Xylella fastidiosa infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plant cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP) mediate synthesis and metabolism of many physiologically important primary and secondary compounds that are related to plant defense against a range of pathogenic microbes and insects. To determine if cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are involved in defense response to Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) infection, we investigated expression and regulatory mechanisms of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP736B gene in both disease resistant and susceptible grapevines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cloning of genomic DNA and cDNA revealed that the CYP736B gene was composed of two exons and one intron with GT as a donor site and AG as an acceptor site. CYP736B transcript was up-regulated in PD-resistant plants and down-regulated in PD-susceptible plants 6 weeks after Xf inoculation. However, CYP736B expression was very low in stem tissues at all evaluated time points. 5'RACE and 3'RACE sequence analyses revealed that there were three candidate transcription start sites (TSS) in the upstream region and three candidate polyadenylation (PolyA) sites in the downstream region of CYP736B. Usage frequencies of each transcription initiation site and each polyadenylation site varied depending on plant genotype, developmental stage, tissue, and treatment. These results demonstrate that expression of CYP736B is regulated developmentally and in response to Xf infection at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Multiple transcription start and polyadenylation sites contribute to regulation of CYP736B expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report provides evidence that the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP736B gene is involved in defense response at a specific stage of Xf infection in grapevines; multiple transcription initiation and polyadenylation sites exist for CYP736B in grapevine; and coordinative and selective use of transcription initiation and polyadenylation sites play an important role in regulation of CYP736B expression during growth, development and response to Xf infection.
authors.affiliation: San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Center, USDA-ARS 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA.
authors.forename: Davis W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: M Andrew
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Edwin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Civerolo
authors.forename: Drake C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Stenger
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D026723:Polyadenylation; D012326:RNA Splicing; D027843:Vitis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D044167:Xylella / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System