title: The minimal melanogenesis dose/minimal erythema dose ratio declines with increasing skin pigmentation using solar simulator and narrowband ultraviolet B exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relation between pre-exposure skin pigmentation and the minimal melanogenesis dose (MMD)/minimal erythema dose (MED) ratio after a single narrowband ultraviolet B (nUVB) and solar simulator (Solar) exposure.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In fair-skinned individuals, it is well known that the UV dose to give pigmentation (MMD) after a single exposure to UVB is larger than the UV dose to elicit erythema (MED) (MED<MMD), but it remains to be established if this is true also in dark-skinned individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-four volunteers with a wide variation in skin pigmentation (Fitzpatrick skin types I-V) were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a single Solar or nUVB exposure we found that the ratio MMD/MED depends on skin pigmentation. In light-pigmented individuals, up to 1.9 MED is required to induce pigmentation (MMD). The MMD/MED ratio is about 1.5 in medium-pigmented and dark-pigmented individuals. In very brown-pigmented individuals the MMD/MED ratio is 1 (MED=MMD). This connection was most pronounced for facultative skin at wintertime. The ratio was almost stable for constitutive pigmentation with MMD/MED=1.3. The ratios were almost independent of skin type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ratio MMD/MED is highly dependent on skin pigmentation after a single exposure to Solar or nUVB and is independent of skin type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. mette@ravnbak.dk
authors.forename: Mette H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ravnbak
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Philipsen
authors.forename: Hans Christian
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wulf
mesh_terms: D004890:Erythema / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins