title: Agglutinin isolated from the red marine alga Hypnea cervicornis J. Agardh reduces inflammatory hypernociception: involvement of nitric oxide.
abstract: Hypnea cervicornis agglutinin (HCA), a lectin isolated from the red marine alga has been previously shown to have an antinociceptive effect. In the present study in rats, mechanisms of action of HCA were addressed regarding mechanical hypernociception induced by carrageenan, ovalbumin (as antigen), and also by prostaglandin E(2) in rats. The lectin administered intravenously inhibited carrageenan- and antigen-induced hypernociception at 1, 3, 5 and 7h. This inhibitory effect was completely prevented when lectin was combined with mucin, demonstrating the role of carbohydrate-binding sites. The inhibition of inflammatory hypernociception by HCA was associated with the prevention of neutrophil recruitment to the plantar tissue of rats but was not associated with the inhibition of the release of pro-hypernociceptive cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and CINC-1). HCA also blocked mechanical hypernociception induced by PGE(2), which was prevented by the administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. These results were corroborated by the increased circulating levels of NO metabolites following HCA treatment. These findings suggest that the anti-hypernociceptive effects of HCA are not associated with the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. However, these effects seem to involve the inhibition of neutrophil migration and also the increase in NO production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, 60451-970, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jozi G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Flavio S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Bitencourt
authors.forename: Thiago M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Patrícia B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Luz
authors.forename: Kyria S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: Mario R L
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: Alexandre H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.forename: Benildo S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Cavada
authors.forename: Fernando Q
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Nylane M N
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Alencar
mesh_terms: D000373:Agglutinins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000373:Agglutinins; D016207:Cytokines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009195:Peroxidase