title: Effect of insecticide regimens on biological control of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris, by Peristenus spp. in New York State apple orchards.
abstract: To improve biological control of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), the European parasitoid Peristenus digoneutis Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was introduced into the US in the 1980's and has become established in forage alfalfa, strawberries and apples. The objective of this study was to determine how four different insecticide management regimes affected parasitism of L. lineolaris by Peristenus spp. During the summers of 2005 and 2006, L. lineolaris nymphs were collected from New York State apple orchards using industry standard, reduced risk, and organically approved insecticides only. A 'no insecticide' (abandoned orchard) treatment was also included in 2006. Rates of parasitism of L. lineolaris nymphs were determined using a DNA-based laboratory technique. Results indicated that insecticide treatment had a significant effect on rates of parasitism of L. lineolaris by Peristenus spp. Compared to the industry standard treatment, rates of parasitism were higher in reduced risk orchards and lower in organic orchards. These results suggest that it is difficult to predict a priori the consequences of insecticide programs and point to the need to take into consideration the specific pests and beneficial organisms involved as well as the crop and the specific insecticides being applied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. lac62@cornell.edu
authors.forename: Lora A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Crampton
authors.forename: Greg M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Loeb
authors.forename: Kim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hoelmer
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000469:parasitology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000187:drug effects*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027845:Malus / Q000469:parasitology; D009518:New York; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D014863:Wasps / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides