title: Risks associated with exercise testing and sports participation in cystic fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe adverse reactions (SARs) associated with physical exercise have not been systematically studied in cystic fibrosis (CF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two surveys were conducted to assess the incidence of exercise-related SARs: a caregiver survey asking for complications associated with exercise testing and in-hospital training therapy and a web-based patient survey asking for problems with exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  78 of 107 CF facilities caring for 4208 patients responded to the caregiver survey, 256 patients answered the web-based survey. No SARs were reported for 713 exercise tests. With in-hospital training, the yearly incidence of exercise-related SARs such as pneumothorax, cardiac arrhythmia, injury or hypoglycaemia was <1% each, the respective lifetime incidences reported by the patients were 0.8-6.3%. 67% of the patients reported no SARs with exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise testing is safe in patients with CF. Despite the limitations in quality of data, the incidence of exercise-related SARs appears low in this population.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of the University, University of Würzburg, Germany. ruf_k@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruf
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hebestreit
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hebestreit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D017028:Caregivers; D002648:Child; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010361:Patients; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012449:Safety; D013177:Sports; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult