title: A novel two-dimensional echocardiographic finding in cardiac amyloidosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of echocardiographic findings characteristic of cardiac amyloidosis (CA) have been described, each with limitations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A distinctive wall motion pattern of preserved myocardial thickening at left ventricular apex with hypokinesis in basal and midsegments was observed in two patients with biopsy proven CA. Following this observation, endomyocaradial biopsy files beginning in 2007 were reviewed. Seven consecutive patients with documented CA were identified. Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiograms for each were reviewed in consensus by two experienced echocardiographers. Clinical and electrocardiographic data were obtained from chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were men with class II-IV heart failure. Six had light chain CA, 1 senile CA. Six patients had coronary angiography. One had a 60% left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis. Five had nonobstructive disease. Echocardiograms for all seven patients demonstrated the distinctive pattern of preserved myocardial thickening at apex with hypokinesis in basal and midsegments. Reduced ejection fraction was present in six and increased wall thickness and myocardial echogenicity in seven. Other echo signs of amyloid were variably present. Three had low voltage on electrocardiogram.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A distinctive 2D echocardiographic pattern of preserved segmental wall motion at left ventricular apex with hypokinesis in basal to midsegments was consistently identified in seven consecutive patients with endomyocardial biopsy-proven CA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York Medical College and Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Belkin
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kupersmith
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Khalique
authors.forename: Wilbert S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Aronow
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chilappa
authors.forename: Chandrasekar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palaniswamy
authors.forename: Warren D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Rosenblum
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gass
authors.forename: Tauseef
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Umadevi S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Katta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*