title: Prognostic significance of age in the radical treatment of oesophageal cancer with surgery or chemoradiotherapy: a prospective observational cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the outcomes of stage-directed surgical therapy and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for oesophageal cancer and to determine if a significant age-treatment interaction exists to guide therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred and eight consecutive patients with oesophageal cancer suitable for radical treatment based on radiological stage and performance status were studied (275 surgery; 93 surgery alone, 131 neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 51 neoadjuvant CRT and 233 definitive CRT). The primary measure of outcome was survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-day mortality rates and 2-year survival after surgery and CRT in patients<70 years were 2.4 and 57.5%, respectively, compared with 0 (P=0.207) and 47.3% (P=0.011), respectively. Thirty-day mortality rates and 2-year survival after surgery and CRT in patients>or=70 years were 7.0 and 45.1%, respectively, compared with 0 (P=0.029) and 46.3% (P=0.992), respectively. Multivariate analysis including only surgical patients in the model revealed three factors to be independently and significantly associated with survival; endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) T stage (P=0.033), EUS lymph node metastasis count (>or=2 versus 0: hazard ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.92, P=0.026), and age>or=70 years (hazard ratio 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.05-2.16, P=0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall survival for patients treated with surgery was strongly age dependent around the age of 70 years, and patients>or=70 years with oesophageal cancer should be aware that outcomes after CRT are similar to those after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Ll
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Escofet
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blackshaw
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gwynne
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Appadurai
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Crosby
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015251:Epirubicin; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil