title: Characterization of elemental and structural composition of corrosion scales and deposits formed in drinking water distribution systems.
abstract: Corrosion scales and deposits formed within drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) have the potential to retain inorganic contaminants. The objective of this study was to characterize the elemental and structural composition of extracted pipe solids and hydraulically-mobile deposits originating from representative DWDSs. Goethite (alpha-FeOOH), magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) and siderite (FeCO(3)) were the primary crystalline phases identified in most of the selected samples. Among the major constituent elements of the deposits, iron was most prevalent followed, in the order of decreasing prevalence, by sulfur, organic carbon, calcium, inorganic carbon, phosphorus, manganese, magnesium, aluminum and zinc. The cumulative occurrence profiles of iron, sulfur, calcium and phosphorus for pipe specimens and flushed solids were similar. Comparison of relative occurrences of these elements indicates that hydraulic disturbances may have relatively less impact on the release of manganese, aluminum and zinc, but more impact on the release of organic carbon, inorganic carbon, and magnesium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98105-2700, USA. cypeng@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Ching-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Gregory V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Korshin
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Valentine
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Melinda J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Steve H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Reiber
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic / Q000032:analysis; D002254:Carbonates / Q000032:analysis*; D003343:Corrosion; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D058085:Iron Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; D002254:Carbonates; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058085:Iron Compounds; D008903:Minerals; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C094886:goethite; D010758:Phosphorus; D008345:Manganese; D013455:Sulfur; D000535:Aluminum; D007501:Iron; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; C486982:siderite; D002118:Calcium; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide