title: An exploration of public knowledge of warning signs for cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Warning signs of cancer have long been used as an effective way to summarise and communicate early indications of cancer to the public. Given the increasing global burden of cancer, the communication of these warning signs to the public is more important than ever before.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper presents part of a larger study which explored the attitudes, knowledge and behaviours of people in mid-life towards cancer prevention. The focus of this paper is on the assessment of the knowledge of members of the public aged between 35 and 54 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of the population listing 17 warning signs of cancer. These included the correct warning signs and distracter signs. Respondents were asked to correctly identify the seven warning signs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings show that respondents could identify 4.8 cancer warning signs correctly. Analysis by demographics shows that being female, being older, having a higher level of educational attainment and being in a higher socio-economic group are predictors of better level of knowledge of cancer warning signs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recommendations are proffered with regard to better targeting, clarification and communication of cancer warning signs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nursing Research, School of Nursing, University of Ulster, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, UK. sr.keeney@ulster.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sinead
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keeney
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McIlfatrick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003142:Communication; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000458:organization & administration; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009660:Northern Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires