Psychometric properties of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia in patients with shoulder pain.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the reliability and validity of 2 commonly used measures of pain related fear in patients with shoulder pain.


METHODS
A preplanned secondary analysis of a prospective single-arm trial involving a repeated-measures design.


METHODS
Outpatient physical therapy clinics.


METHODS
Patients (N=80) with a primary report of shoulder pain.


METHODS
All patients completed the outcome measures at baseline and at follow-up.


METHODS
Patients completed a modified Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), the 11-item version of Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) at baseline and at a 48-hour follow-up. Patients were dichotomized as improved or stable at follow-up based on the Global Rating of Change.


RESULTS
Factor analysis indicated 3 stable factors for the FABQ and 1 stable factor for the TSK-11. Shoulder specific scoring for the FABQ and TSK-11 were used in subsequent analyses. Test-retest reliability intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was substantial for the FABQ and the TSK-11. The FABQ correlated significantly with SPADI pain and disability scores, while the TSK-11 correlated significantly only with SPADI pain scores. The shoulder-specific FABQ-W (work beliefs subscale) was a better than chance predictor of missing days of work during the 48-hour study period.


CONCLUSIONS
The modified FABQ and TSK-11 may be appropriate for use in patients with shoulder pain. Shoulder-specific scoring of these measures resulted in substantial test-retest reliability, and the FABQ correlated with the SPADI for pain and disability. The FABQ also showed potential for prediction of short-term work loss in this sample. Pain-related fear may be an important variable in patients with shoulder pain and merits future consideration in longitudinal studies.
Mintken
Paul E
PE
University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Paul.mintken@ucdenver.edu
Cleland
Joshua A
JA
Whitman
Julie M
JM
George
Steven Z
SZ
D000328:Adult; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020393:Manipulation, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires