title: Suppression of NF-kappaB signaling by KEAP1 regulation of IKKbeta activity through autophagic degradation and inhibition of phosphorylation.
abstract: IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta) plays a crucial role in biological processes, including immune response, stress response, and tumor development by mediating the activation of various signaling molecules such as NF-kappaB. Extensive studies on the mechanisms underlying IKK activation have led to the identification of new activators and have facilitated an understanding of the cellular responses related to NF-kappaB and other target molecules. However, the molecular processes that modulate IKK activity are still unknown. In this study, we show that KEAP1 is a new IKK binding partner, which is responsible for the down-regulation of TNFalpha-stimulated NF-kappaB activation. The E(T/S)GE motif, which is found only in the IKKbeta subunit of the IKK complex, is essential for interaction with the C-terminal Kelch domain of KEAP1. Reduction of KEAP1 expression by small interfering RNA enhanced NF-kappaB activity, and up-regulated the expression of NF-kappaB target genes. Ectopic expression of KEAP1 decreased the expression of IKKbeta, which was restored by an autophagy inhibitor. IKK phosphorylation stimulated by TNFalpha was blocked by KEAP1. Our data demonstrate that KEAP1 is involved in the negative regulation of NF-kappaB signaling through the inhibition of IKKbeta phosphorylation and the mediation of autophagy-dependent IKKbeta degradation.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of G Protein Coupled Receptors, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong-Joo
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Cheolju
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Curie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.forename: Jong-Ik
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001343:Autophagy; D002460:Cell Line; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072019:Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C431364:KEAP1 protein, human; D000072019:Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; D016328:NF-kappa B; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase