title: Proxy measures of household food consumption for food security assessment and surveillance: comparison of the household dietary diversity and food consumption scores.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide an overview of the household dietary diversity score and the food consumption score, two indicators used for food security assessment and surveillance, and compare their performance in food security assessments in three countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional cluster sampling design using an interview-administered structured questionnaire on household food security, including household-level food group consumption measured over 1 d and 7 d.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey data are from Burkina Faso, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and northern Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  Households in Burkina Faso (n 3640), Lao PDR (n 3913) and northern Uganda (n 1956).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spearman's correlation coefficients between the scores were 0·73 in Burkina Faso, 0·65 in Lao PDR and 0·53 in northern Uganda. Prevalence-adjusted kappa coefficients showed substantial strength of agreement in two countries. The proportion of agreement between the two scores ranged from 85 % in Lao PDR to 65 % in northern Uganda. Dietary profiles based on food group consumption using score tertiles were comparable. Rankings of the most food-insecure areas within a country corresponded well in northern Uganda and Burkina Faso but not in Lao PDR. Both indicators showed moderate correlations with other proxy measures of food security.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The comparative study highlights the similarities and differences between the food consumption and household dietary diversity scores. Similar classification of the most food-insecure areas within sub-national levels was obtained. The choice of indicator for food security assessment and surveillance will vary depending on user needs.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. gina.kennedy@fao.org
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berardo
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papavero
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horjus
authors.forename: Terri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ballard
authors.forename: MarieClaude
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dop
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delbaere
authors.forename: Inge D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Brouwer
mesh_terms: D002050:Burkina Faso; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005523:Food Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007812:Laos; D011203:Poverty; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014454:Uganda