title: Inhibition of lung carcinogenesis and critical cancer-related signaling pathways by N-acetyl-S-(N-2-phenethylthiocarbamoyl)-l-cysteine, indole-3-carbinol and myo-inositol, alone and in combination.
abstract: In an extension of our earlier studies, we examined the inhibitory effects of N-acetyl-S-(N-2-phenethylthiocarbamoyl)-l-cysteine (PEITC-NAC), myo-inositol (MI) and indole-3-carbinol (I3C) or 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), alone and in combination, on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) plus benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-induced A/J mouse lung tumorigenesis and proliferation of A549 cells and human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and relevant potential mechanisms. Mice treated with NNK plus BaP and fed non-supplemented diet had 13.0 + or - 4.1 lung tumors per mouse. Dietary feeding of mice with PEITC-NAC (5 mumol/g diet), I3C (5 mumol/g diet) or MI (56 mumol/g diet), beginning at 50% in the carcinogen treatment phase, significantly reduced tumor multiplicity to 8.2 + or - 2.0, 8.4 + or - 1.5 and 6.8 + or - 1.7 tumors per mouse, respectively. In mice given combinations of the chemopreventive agents, lung tumor multiplicity was significantly reduced to 6.3 + or - 2.2, 4.9 + or - 1.8, 4.8 + or - 1.9 and 3.6 + or - 1.4 by PEITC-NAC plus I3C, PEITC-NAC plus MI, I3C plus MI or PEITC-NAC plus I3C plus MI, respectively. Post-carcinogen administration of combinations of the agents also caused significant but weaker effects. Assessment of the anti-proliferative effects of the individual agents or their combinations showed significant reductions in the proliferation of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-pretreated HBEC (reduction by 30-41% at 48 h and 41-58% at 72 h) and A549 cells (30-43% at 48 h and 40-59% at 72 h), but not in dimethyl sulfoxide-pretreated HBEC. Combinatorial treatment with the agents also caused marked reductions in the activation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB in lung tumor tissues, CSC-pretreated HBEC and A549 cells. In conclusion, our studies demonstrated the promise of combinations of PEITC-NAC, I3C/DIM and MI for the chemoprevention of lung carcinogenesis in current and former smokers.
authors.affiliation: Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. kassi012@umn.edu
authors.forename: Fekadu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kassie
authors.forename: Tamene
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Melkamu
authors.forename: Abaineh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Endalew
authors.forename: Pramod
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Upadhyaya
authors.forename: Xianghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hecht
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000633:toxicity; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007294:Inositol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008805:Mice, Inbred A; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D007211:Indoles; C465294:N-acetyl-S-(N-2-phenethylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cysteine; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012906:Smoke; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D007294:Inositol; C016517:indole-3-carbinol; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C535148:Mapk1 protein, mouse; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D003545:Cysteine