title: Revision stapedotomy: operative findings and hearing results. A prospective study of 652 cases from the Otology-Neurotology Database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the causes of failure of primary stapes surgery and to evaluate the hearing results of revision stapes surgery in a consecutive series of 652 cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective nonrandomized clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred thirty-four patients who underwent 652 consecutive revision stapes operations from April 1992 to December 2007 were enrolled in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative and postoperative audiometric evaluation using conventional audiometry, namely, air-bone gap (ABG), bone-conduction thresholds, and air-conduction thresholds, were assessed. Postoperative audiometry was performed at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months and then annually for 15 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequently identified reason for primary surgery failure was incus erosion (27.6%) and prosthesis displacement (18.2%). The postoperative ABG was closed to 10 dB or less and 20 dB or less in 63.4 and 74.6% of cases, respectively. The mean 4-frequency postoperative ABG was 11.5 dB as compared with 28 dB preoperatively (mean difference, 16.5 dB; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15.1-17.9 dB, p < 0.0001). The mean 4-frequency postoperative air-conduction thresholds were 45.7 dB compared with 58.7 dB preoperatively (mean difference, 13 dB; 95% CI, 11.4-14.6 dB, p < 0.0001). The mean 4-frequency postoperative bone-conduction thresholds were 34 dB compared with 30.6 dB preoperatively (mean difference, -3.5 dB; 95% CI, -4.4 to -2.5 dB, p < 0.0001). A significant postoperative sensorineural hearing loss (>15 dB) was observed in 2.9% of cases in this series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvement of a conductive hearing loss after initial unsuccessful primary or revision stapes surgery can be accomplished with further revision but is occasionally modest.
authors.affiliation: Causse Ear Clinic, Traverse de Béziers, Colombiers, France. robvinc@aol.com
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Maroeska
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rovers
authors.forename: Narayan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zingade
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oates
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sperling
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devèze
authors.forename: Wilko
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grolman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D001844:Bone Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000473:pathology; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010046:Oval Window, Ear / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010498:Perilymph / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012086:Reoperation; D013201:Stapes Surgery; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult