title: Correlates of spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions within primary care: the paradox of low prescribers who are high reporters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine Primary Care Trust (PCT) demographics influencing general practitioner (GP) involvement in pharmacovigilance.
  
  
  METHODS
  PCT adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports to the Yellow Card scheme between April 2004 and March 2006 were obtained for the UK West Midlands region. Reports were analysed by all drugs, and most commonly reported drugs ('top drugs'). PCT data, adjusted for population size, were aggregated. Prescribing statistics and other characteristics were obtained for each PCT, and associations between these characteristics and ADR reporting rates were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 2004-06, 1175 reports were received from PCTs. Two hundred and eighty (24%) of these reports were for 14 'top drugs'. The mean rate of reporting for PCTs was 213 reports per million population. A total of 153 million items were prescribed during 2004-06, of which 33% were 'top drugs'. Reports for all drugs and 'top drugs' were inversely correlated with the number of prescriptions issued per thousand population (r(s)=-0.413, 95% CI -0.673, -0.062, P < 0.05, and r=-0.420, 95% CI -0.678, -0.071, P < 0.05, respectively). Reporting was significantly negatively correlated with the percentages of male GPs within a PCT, GPs over 55 years of age, single-handed GPs within a PCT, the average list size of a GP within a PCT, the overall deprivation scores and average QOF total points. ADR reports did not correlate significantly with the proportion of the population over 65 years old.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some PCT characteristics appear to be associated with low levels of ADR reporting. The association of low prescribing areas with high ADR reporting rates replicates previous findings.
authors.affiliation: West Midlands Centre for Adverse Drug Reactions, City Hospital, Dudley Road, West Midlands B18 7QH, UK. a.r.cox@aston.ac.uk
authors.forename: Anthony R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anton
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Marriott
authors.forename: Robin E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ferner
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000592:standards; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004739:England; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012107:Research Design / Q000639:trends