title: Modified flapless dental implant surgery for planning treatment in a maxilla including sinus lift augmentation through use of virtual surgical planning and a 3-dimensional model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The concept of "prosthetic-driven implantology" may be considered a turning point in the history of modern dental implantology. On the basis of this sophisticated approach, the available bone and the optimal prosthetic position of the future restoration are checked before surgical intervention. However, the major drawback of today's prosthodontic discipline is that it is inherently 2-dimensional in nature, which may prevent the appropriate treatment; this problem can be overcome by the 3-dimensional capability of a computer-assisted approach when performed judiciously. It was proposed that this technique has the potential to provide a high level of safety and accuracy in comparison to traditional surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a novel approach, we performed modified flapless implant surgery accompanied by a simultaneous sinus-lifting procedure. The technique used a 3-dimensional life-sized computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) model prepared from the computed tomography images for prosthetic/surgical diagnosis and treatment planning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure of implant planning, model surgery, and sinus floor augmentation in this sophisticated flapless surgical approach has the potential to provide substantial benefits for both patients and practitioners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The versatility of the described technique not only allows more accurate implementation of the treatment plan to the patient's mouth but also may offer many additional significant benefits, including the use of custom surgical guides, life-sized bone model manipulation, and surgical rehearsal, all of which are very difficult to achieve with current traditional procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Iran, Tehran.
authors.forename: Sakineh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikzad
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azari
authors.forename: Amanollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghassemzadeh
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D013516:Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014584:User-Computer Interface
chemical_list: C077540:Bio-Oss; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D008903:Minerals