title: Chinese medicine Nao-Shuan-Tong attenuates cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting apoptosis in a rat model of stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nao-Shuan-Tong (NST) in capsule form is a compound prescription formulated according to the meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the neuroprotective effects of the Chinese medicine Nao-Shuang-Tong on cerebral ischemia in rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  115 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), and I/R plus NST 0.25, NST 0.5 and NST 1 (n=23 in each group). Cerebral ischemia was induced by 1.5h of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Cerebral infarct area was measured by tetrazolium staining at 24h following reperfusion, and neurological functional deficits were assessed at 1, 3, 7 and 14 d after reperfusion. Neuronal apoptosis was studied by Nissl staining and DNA fragmentation assay at 1 and 3d after reperfusion. The activation of caspase-3, -8, -9 and Bax/Bcl-2 levels were analyzed by western blot 24h after reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NST (0.5 and 1g/kg) significantly reduced cerebral infarct area, attenuated neurological functional deficits, and reduced neuronal apoptosis in ischemic cortex and in the CA1 region of hippocampus. NST also suppressed overexpression of Bax and activated caspases-3, -8 and -9, and also inhibited the reduction of Bcl-2 expression and markedly depressed the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that NST is neuroprotective against cerebral ischemia and is likely to act via inhibition of neuronal apoptosis associated with changes in levels of caspases-3 and -8, Bax and Bcl-2.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jun-Peng
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ding-Fang
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents