title: Consensus conference on clinical practice in chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): first-line and topical treatment of chronic GVHD.
abstract: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. First-line treatment of cGVHD is based on steroids of 1 mg/kg/day of prednisone. The role of calcineurin inhibitors remains controversial, especially in patients with low risk for mortality (normal platelets counts), whereas patients with low platelets at diagnosis and/or high risk for steroid toxicity may be treated upfront with the combination of prednisone and a calcineurin inhibitor. Additional systemic immunosuppressive agents, like thalidomide, mycophenolic acid, and azathioprine, failed to improve treatment results in the primary treatment of cGVHD and are in part associated with higher morbidity, and in the case of azathioprine, with higher mortality. Despite advances in diagnosis of cGVHD as well as supportive care, half of the patients fail to achieve a long-lasting response to first-line treatment, and infectious morbidity continues to be significant. Therefore, immunomodulatory interventions with low infectious morbidity and mortality such as photopheresis need urgent evaluation in clinical trials. Beside systemic immunosuppression, the use of topical immunosuppressive interventions may improve local response rates and may be used as the only treatment in mild localized organ manifestations of cGVHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Clinical Oncology, University of Regensburg, F.J. Strauss Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany. daniel.wolff@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gerbitz
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ayuk
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiani
authors.forename: Gerhard C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: Georgia B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Vogelsang
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elad
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lawitschka
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Socie
authors.forename: Steven Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Pavletic
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holler
authors.forename: Hildegard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Greinix
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011241:Prednisone