title: Inappropriate antimicrobial use and potential solutions: a Middle Eastern perspective.
abstract: Addressing the many challenges posed by escalating antimicrobial resistance requires a strategy at institutional, community, national, regional and international levels. Partners in the development of such a strategy should include representatives from clinical and veterinary medicine, public health, microbiology, animal husbandry, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industries as well as behavioral sciences. In the Middle East, antimicrobial resistance is a crisis at the present time. It stems from a wide range of problems; however, there are few studies from this region about factors associated with proliferating resistance. In this article, we explore inappropriate antimicrobial use in this part of the world and suggest possible solutions to mitigate the problem.
authors.affiliation: Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jaffar A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Al-Tawfiq
authors.forename: Gwen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Ziad A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Memish
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D008877:Middle East; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011634:Public Health; D012307:Risk Factors; D014171:Transients and Migrants
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents