title: Economic evaluation of universal infant vaccination with 7vPCV in Hong Kong.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and economic benefits of routine infant vaccination with seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) in Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  A decision-analytic model was populated with local age-specific incidence data to simulate the expected health outcomes resulting from 7vPCV vaccination of a birth cohort of 57,100 children compared with an unvaccinated cohort over a 10-year horizon. Primary analyses were conducted from a payer perspective, using local inpatient and outpatient costs associated with the treatment of pneumococcal disease. Vaccine efficacy rates were consistent with results from pivotal clinical trials. The reduction in adult invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and associated cost avoidance due to the indirect effect of vaccination were estimated in line with published overseas rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Universal 7vPCV vaccination was estimated to prevent 524 cases of IPD and more than 2580 cases of otitis media in the birth cohort over a 10-year period, leading to a reduction of HK$28.7 million (US$3.7 million) in direct medical costs. Additional cost savings from the indirect prevention of 919 adult cases of IPD during this time period also resulted. Overall, 7vPCV vaccination was estimated to have an incremental cost per life-year gained of HK$50,456 (US$6460) from a payer perspective or HK$46,308 (US$5929) when both direct and indirect costs were included.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With reference to the World Health Organization's threshold for cost-effectiveness, results from this study indicate that routine infant vaccination with 7vPCV is a cost-effective intervention because of the added cost savings resulting from the indirect effect of vaccination on adult disease.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China. kclee@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Kenneth K C
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Mia K U
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Shirley T H
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Thomas M T
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Ellis K L
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Hon
authors.forename: Vivian W Y
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003663:Decision Trees; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D032521:Immunity, Herd; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D032541:Mass Vaccination / Q000191:economics*; D008586:Meningitis, Pneumococcal / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D011050:Policy Making; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate