title: Cerebrospinal fluid profile of amyloid β42 (Aβ42), hTau and ubiquitin in North Indian Alzheimer's disease patients.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and is characterized by the degeneration of neurons and their synapses, and a higher number of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) compared with that found in non-demented individuals. Amyloid-β-peptides (Aβ) are major components of amyloid plaques in AD brain whereas NFTs are composed of Tau and associated with ubiquitin. The aim of the present study was to analyze the levels of Aβ42, hTau (total Tau) and ubiquitin in CSF of North Indian population. CSF Aβ42, Tau and ubiquitin were measured in CSF of AD patients as well as controls using ELISA assays. Here we report low Aβ42 levels in AD patients (324.24±76.38pg/ml) as compared to those in non-AD (NAD) (668.34±43.13pg/ml), neurological controls (NCs) (727.28±46.49pg/ml) and healthy controls (HCs) (976.47±124.46pg/ml). In contrast, hTau and ubiquitin levels were significantly high (568.65±48.89pg/ml and 36.82±4.34ng/ml, respectively) in AD patients compared to those in NAD, NC and HC. The hTau levels were 267.37±36.64pg/ml, 167.34±44.27pg/ml and 107.62±24.27pg/ml in NAD, NC and HC, respectively. Similarly, ubiquitin levels were 23.57±2.32ng/ml, 19.76±3.64ng/ml and 13.24±4.56ng/ml in NAD, NC and HC, respectively. In conclusion, low Aβ42 and high Tau-ubiquitin levels were found in North Indian AD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India.
authors.forename: Ramesh Jl
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kandimalla
authors.forename: Prabhakar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: S
authors.forename: Binukumar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bk
authors.forename: Willayat Yousuf
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Wani
authors.forename: Deep Raj
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: Neerja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.forename: Kajal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Kiran Dip
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; C054369:MAPT protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D025801:Ubiquitin; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins