title: Accuracy of ultrasound-guided versus unguided pes anserinus bursa injections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the accuracy of ultrasound (US)-guided versus unguided pes anserinus bursa injections in a cadaveric model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single blind, prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic institution procedural skills laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four unembalmed, unpaired adult cadaveric lower extremity specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single investigator performed 12 US-guided and 12 unguided pes anserinus bursa injections using colored liquid latex into 24 unembalmed adult cadaveric lower extremity specimens. The order of the injection techniques was randomized. The specimens were subsequently dissected by a co-investigator blinded to the injection technique used for each injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The injections were graded for accuracy as follows: accurate (all injectate contained within the pes anserinus bursa), accurate with overflow (injectate within the pes anserinus bursa, but also located in adjacent structures), or inaccurate (injectate not within the pes anserinus bursa). The accuracy of the 2 approaches was compared using Pearson chi(2) test with Williams' correction for the small sample size (P = .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The accuracy rate was 92% (11 of 12 specimens) in the US-guided condition and 17% (2 of 12 specimens) in the unguided condition. One US-guided injection was considered accurate with overflow, whereas 4 unguided injections were accurate with overflow. The US-guided injection technique was significantly more accurate than the unguided technique (Williams-corrected chi(2) = 12.528, P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite its superficial location, unguided pes anserinus bursa injections rarely place the injectate within the pes anserinus bursa, whereas US-guided pes anserinus bursa injections have a high degree of accuracy. Therefore, clinicians should consider using US-guidance for diagnostic or therapeutic pes anserinus bursa injections when indicated.
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine Center, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. finnoff.jonathan@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Finnoff
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nutz
authors.forename: Philip T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hollman
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002061:Bursa, Synovial; D002102:Cadaver; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular / Q000379:methods*; D007719:Knee Joint; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents