title: Effect of HIV infection status and anti-retroviral treatment on quantitative and qualitative antibody responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants.
abstract: Serotype-specific antibody concentration and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) were evaluated after 3 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Groups included human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive infants with CD4(+) cell percentages > or =25% who initiated immediate antiretroviral treatment (the HIV+/ART+ group) or whose antiretroviral treatment was deferred until clinically or immunologically indicated (the HIV+/ART- group). Immune responses were also evaluated in HIV-noninfected infants born to HIV-seronegative (M-/I-) or HIV-positive mothers (M+/I-). Antibody concentrations were similar between HIV+/ART+ and HIV+/ART- infants. However, antibody concentrations were lower in M-/I- infants than in M+/I- infants. Nevertheless, M-/I- infants had superior OPA responses, compared with those in HIV+/ART+ infants, who in turn had better OPA responses, compared with those in HIV+/ART- infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Science/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. madhis@rmpru.co.za
authors.forename: Shabir A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Madhi
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adrian
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jean-Philippe
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meadows
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nachman
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Käyhty
authors.forename: Keith P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Klugman
authors.forename: Avye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Violari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009895:Opsonin Proteins / Q000097:blood; D010587:Phagocytosis; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D009895:Opsonin Proteins; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines