title: Vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected postmenopausal Hispanic and African-American women.
abstract: We evaluated vitamin D status in HIV+ and HIV- postmenopausal African-American (AA) and Hispanic women. Most women (74-78%) had insufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels, regardless of HIV status. 25OHD was lower in AA women and women lacking supplement use, providing support for screening and supplementation. Among HIV+ women, 25OHD was associated with current CD4 but not type of antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  To evaluate vitamin D status and factors associated with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in HIV-infected (HIV+) postmenopausal minority women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 89 HIV+ and 95 HIV- postmenopausal women (33% AA and 67% Hispanic) underwent assessment of 25OHD, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of low 25OHD did not differ by HIV status; the majority of both HIV+ and HIV- women (74-78%) had insufficient levels (<30 ng/ml). Regardless of HIV status, 25OHD was significantly lower in AA subjects, and higher in subjects who used both calcium and multivitamins. In HIV+ women on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 25OHD was directly associated with current CD4 count (r=0.32; p<0.01) independent of age, ethnicity, BMI, or history of AIDS-defining illness. No association was observed between 1,25(OH)(2)D and CD4 count or between serum 25OHD, 1,25(OH)(2)D or PTH and type of ART.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In postmenopausal minority women, vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent and associated with AA race and lack of supplement use, as well as lower current CD4 cell count. These results provide support for screening and repletion of vitamin D in HIV+ patients.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Colon
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dobkin
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shane
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology*
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D