title: B7-H1 expression in vestibular schwannomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  B7-H1 is expressed in vestibular schwannomas.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Little is known about how benign human vestibular schwannomas interact with antibody-mediated or cell-mediated immunity. We report on the aberrant expression of a novel T-cell coregulatory molecule, B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1), in vestibular schwannomas and discuss the implications of B7-H1 expression and tumor aggressiveness and a potential regulator of B7-H1 expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining for B7-H1, CD8+, CD3+, and CD4+ lymphocytes were performed on 48 fresh-frozen vestibular schwannoma tissue specimens. A clinical review of patient presenting symptoms and tumor characteristics was performed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine if there was differential expression of B7-H1 messenger RNA and microRNA-513, a known regulator of B7-H1, in several strongly positive and negative B7-H1 vestibular schwannomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine (19%) of 48 tumors were negative, 23 (48%) tumors were 1+ mildly positive (<20% section area), and 16 (33%) stained 2+ strongly positive (>or=20% section area) for B7-H1. The average number of CD8 cells per high-power field was 2.1 for positive-staining tumors and 1.0 for negative tumors (p = 0.16). Failure of tumor control with stereotactic radiation (p = 0.029) was significantly greater in the strongly positive B7-H1 tumors. Real-time polymerase chain reaction did not show significant differential expression of microRNA-513 (p = 0.62) or B7-H1 messenger RNA (p = 0.35) between the tumors showing strong and negative immunohistochemical staining for B7-H1 protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vestibular schwannoma tumors express B7-H1, which has been associated with immune tolerance and adverse disease characteristics in several malignancies. Growing tumors that were surgically removed after failed stereotactic radiation therapy were significantly more likely to strongly express B7-H1 protein, which lends some credibility to the hypothesis that immuno-evasion may play some role in their continued growth. Although clinical trends were seen, greater statistical power is required to evaluate whether B7-H1 expression correlates with more aggressive tumor growth or poorer hearing class. B7-H1 seems to be expressed in equal amounts at the RNA level in all vestibular schwannoma tumors that suggests that differential protein expression is occurring at the posttranscriptional level. However, microRNA-513 does not regulate B7-H1 protein expression in these tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Archibald
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Neff
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: Patrick L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Splinter
authors.forename: Colin L W
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Driscoll
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Eugene D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D004428:Ear Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016634:Radiosurgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger