title: PROKR2 is associated with methamphetamine dependence in the Japanese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many patients with drug addiction are reported to have comorbid mood disorders. One of the suggested pathophysiological mechanisms for mood disorders is disruption of circadian rhythms. Several animal studies have shown that methamphetamine altered the expression of circadian clock molecules in the brain. Therefore, it is possible that mood disorders and drug addiction have common susceptibility genes. Recently, we reported that the prokineticin 2 receptor gene (PROKR2) was associated with mood disorders including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder in the Japanese population. In the present study, therefore, we conducted an association analysis of tagging SNPs in PROKR2 with Japanese methamphetamine dependence patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using five tagging SNPs in PROKR2, we conducted a genetic association analysis of case-control samples (199 methamphetamine dependence patients and 337 healthy controls). The age and sex of the control subjects did not differ from those of the methamphetamine dependence patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected a significant association between PROKR2 and methamphetamine dependence patients in allele/genotype-wise and haplotype-wise analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that PROKR2 may play a role in the pathophysiology of methamphetamine dependence in the Japanese population. However, because we did not perform a mutation scan of PROKR2, a replication study using a larger sample may be required for conclusive results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan. tarok@fujita-hu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsunoka
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Tomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okochi
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inada
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ujike
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Naohisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uchimura
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sora
authors.forename: Masaomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iyo
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Nakao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics*; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C470838:PROKR2 protein, human; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D008694:Methamphetamine