title: Optimizing the fluorescent yield in two-photon laser scanning microscopy with dispersion compensation.
abstract: A challenge for nonlinear imaging in living tissue is to maximize the total fluorescent yield from each fluorophore. We investigated the emission rates of three fluorophores-rhodamine B, a red fluorescent protein, and CdSe quantum dots-while manipulating the phase of the laser excitation pulse at the focus. In all cases a transform-limited pulse maximized the total yield to insure the highest signal-to-noise ratio. Further, we find evidence of fluorescence antibleaching in quantum dot samples.
authors.affiliation: Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, and Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA. jjfield@mines.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carriles
authors.forename: Kraig E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Sheetz
authors.forename: Eric V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: Erich E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: Shane E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Tillo
authors.forename: Thom E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Anne W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Sylvester
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kleinfeld
authors.forename: Jeff A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Squier
mesh_terms: D001695:Biology / Q000295:instrumentation; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D038761:Photobleaching; D059828:Plant Cells; D045663:Quantum Dots; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D018036:Selenium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D000097573:Red Fluorescent Protein
chemical_list: D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D012235:Rhodamines; D018036:Selenium Compounds; D000097573:Red Fluorescent Protein; C058667:cadmium selenide; C029773:rhodamine B