[Acute myeloid leukemia in adults: experience at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán from 2003 to 2008].
BACKGROUND
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises a group of diseases with different biologic characteristics; despite knowledge improvements, these are not reflected in long term survival.


OBJECTIVE
To describe characteristics of adults with AML in a hospital of Mexico City, their treatment response, complications and to evaluate survival related factors.


METHODS
Cohort study. Between January 2003 and July 2008, patients with AML diagnosis were included (except promyelocitic). Treatment protocols used: 3 + 7, high doses of cytarabine and autologous bone marrow transplant as consolidation therapy.


RESULTS
53 patients were included. Median age: 44 years (15-79). At diagnosis: tumor lysis syndrome in 4/ 53 (7.5%), 3/51 (5.9%) with altered liver function test and hyperleukocytosis in 8/53 (15.1%). 46 patients had available cytogenetic and this was successful in 28/46 (60.8%), 12/28 (42.8%) had adverse cytogenetic; 16/28 (57.1%) intermediate risk and none was favorable. There were 2 losses during follow up, 7 patients did not receive chemotherapy with curative intent and 1 died at diagnosis. 43 patients received 3 + 7, 13.9% died during aplasia, complete remission was achieved in 27/43 (62.7%) and 10/43 (23.2%) were refractory to treatment. A second induction attempt was required in 39.5% (17/43). Median disease free survival (DFS) was 491 days (366-615), with a median follow up of 993 days (105-1744). The median overall survival (OS) was 531 days (312-749). Aplasia related mortality decreased (p = 0.09) between the actual cohort (13.9%) and the historical cohort (37%).


CONCLUSIONS
Long term survival in AML patients remains poor despite improvements in diagnosis, classification, and treatment. In our institution, it is required to improve induction protocols and cytogenetic analysis in order to adequately choose the group of patients that could be benefit from stem cell transplant.
Buitrón-Santiago
Natalie
N
Departamento de Hematología y Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán.
Arteaga-Ortiz
Luis
L
Rosas-López
Adriana
A
Aguayo
Alvaro
A
López-Karpovitch
Xavier
X
Crespo-Solís
Erick
E
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult