title: Hand surgery after axillary lymph node clearance for breast cancer: contra-indication to surgery?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer patients who have had prior axillary lymph node clearance (ALNC) can present with ipsilateral hand conditions that could easily be treated with surgical intervention. These patients are often advised to avoid interventional procedures due to risks of complications such as lymphoedema, infection and cellulitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April and June 2009, we conducted an online survey of hand surgeons, breast surgeons and breast-care nurses to obtain their views on hand surgery after ipsilateral axillary lymph node clearance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of hand surgeons (58%) felt there was no contra-indication to surgery in a breast cancer patient with prior ipsilateral ALNC compared to just 30% of breast surgeons and 10% of breast-care nurses. The majority of breast surgeons and breast-care nurses (70% and 89%, respectively) felt that hand surgery was a relative contra-indication compared to just 41% of hand surgeons. Postoperative lymphoedema was the commonest cited reason for avoiding surgery. The majority of hand surgeons (79%) and nearly two-thirds of breast surgeons (57%) would use a tourniquet during surgery if it was normal practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A review of the published literature does not support the notion that these patients experience increased complications; therefore, we recommend the advice given to breast cancer patients regarding ipsilateral surgery be re-evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Bolton Hospital, Farnworth, UK. drdean@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fulford
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dalal
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winstanley
authors.forename: Mike J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hayton
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D002481:Cellulitis / Q000209:etiology; D000075202:Contraindications; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000209:etiology; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology; D014111:Tourniquets / Q000706:statistics & numerical data