title: Nocturia associated with depressive symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between nocturia and depression, two inflammatory conditions that affect a significant number of men worldwide.
  
  
  METHODS
  We asked 547 male patients to self-administer the American Urological Association Symptom Score (AUA-SS) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), a validated screening tool for depression. Univariate analysis identified significant differences in patient characteristics between depressed and nondepressed patients, and binary logistic regression was used to assess the potential relationship between nocturia and depression while controlling for patient demographics and quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the cohort, 17.0% screened positive for depression. Depressed and nondepressed patients reported a mean (SD) of 2.7 (1.4) and 1.9 (1.4) episodes of nocturia per night, respectively (P <.001). After controlling for demographic variables and overall quality of life, patients with 5 or more episodes of nocturia per night experienced a 6.5-fold increased risk of depression compared with patients without nocturia (OR, 6.530; 95% CI, 2.107-20.239, P <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant correlation exists between nocturia and depression. Consequently, clinicians might use nocturia as a predictor of depression. Patients with increased frequency of nocturia may be considered for referral for further mental health evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Ammara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.forename: Samantha S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.forename: Renee S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kleris
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Raison
authors.forename: Viraj A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Master
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053158:Nocturia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires