title: Transmission electron microscopy evidence of spontaneous B-cation layered distribution in NaNb(1-x)Ta(x)O3.
abstract: A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of the complex NaNb(1-x)Ta(x)O(3) (0.4 < or = x < or = 0.6) perovskites, combining high-resolution TEM and high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM, has revealed the formation of extended areas on the crystals where niobium and tantalum order into layers in a 1:1 ratio. NaNb(1-x)Ta(x)O(3) oxides are stoichiometric, and there is neither charge difference nor significant ionic size discrepancy between Nb(V) and Ta(V) cations. As d(0) octahedrally coordinated cations, they show a propensity to second-order Jahn-Teller distortion. This distortion, however, manifests itself to different extents for the two cations and is considered the driving force for the layered ordered distribution observed. The niobium-tantalum segregation we have found can also be interpreted as a naturally occurring nanometer-scale phase separation. Albeit occurring in wide regions of the crystals and not in the entire grains, it shows a clear trend toward a long-range ordered disposition. This is reminiscent of the more general behavior of a recently documented class of perovskites that suffer spontaneous nanoscale phase separation to form a superlattice.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres-Pardo
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Krumeich
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: González-Calbet
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-González