title: Introduction of a compressed air breathing apparatus for the offshore oil and gas industry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When a helicopter ditches the majority of crew and passengers have to make an underwater escape. Some may not be able to hold their breath and will drown. For at least 15 yr, military aircrew have been trained to use a scuba system. In the offshore oil and gas industry, there has been more caution about introducing a compressed air system and a rebreather system has been introduced as an alternative. Recently, Canadian industry and authorities approved the introduction of Helicopter Underwater Emergency Breathing Apparatus (HUEBA) training using compressed air. This communication reports the training of the first 1000 personnel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Training was introduced in both Nova Scotia and Newfoundland concurrently by the same group of instructors. Trainees filled out a questionnaire concerning their perceived ratings of the ease or difficulty of classroom training and the practical use of the HUEBA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-eight percent of trainees found the classroom and in-water training to be "good/very good". Trainees found it to be "easy/very easy" to clear the HUEBA and breathe underwater in 84% and 64% of cases, respectively. Divers reported a greater ease in learning all the practical uses of the HUEBA except application of the nose clip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were problems with the nose clip fitting incorrectly, and interference of the survival suit hood with the regulator, which subsequently have been resolved. When carefully applied, the introduction of the HUEBA into training for offshore oil and gas industry helicopter crew and passengers can be safely conducted.
authors.affiliation: Survival Systems Training Ltd., Dartmouth, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Conor V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Peter N G
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Gibbs
mesh_terms: D000060:Accidents, Aviation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000368:Aged; D019652:Extraction and Processing Industry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010578:Petroleum; D012134:Respiratory Protective Devices; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum; D010100:Oxygen