title: Outcomes and re-interventions after one-stage repair of transposition of great arteries and aortic arch obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One-stage repair of transposition of great arteries (TGA) and aortic arch obstruction (AAO) is currently advocated, but carries formidable surgical challenges. This report presents our experience and re-interventions for residual lesions over the last 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients (19.5 ± 42.4 days; range 2-206; median 10 days, 3.5 ± 0.6 kg) diagnosed with TGA (nine patients) or double outlet right ventricle (DORV) (13 patients) and AAO underwent one-stage repair. Of the nine TGA patients (two with intact ventricular septum), AAO were: two patients hypoplastic arch, one patient discrete coarctation, four patients hypoplastic arch with coarctation and two patients interrupted aortic arch. The 13 DORV patients were all of Taussig-Bing type and one showed multiple ventricular septal defects (VSDs). The degree of AAO ranged from hypoplastic arch in five patients, coarctation two patients, combined four patients and interrupted aortic arch (IAA) two patients. Arterial switch with Lecomte ± VSD repair was performed during cooling, and aortic arch repair was performed under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) (35 ± 14 min at 16.9 ± 0.7 °C). Our preference was to use homograft patch-plasty for arch and direct end-to-side anastomosis for coarctation repair. Aortic-cross-clamp time was 124 ± 24 min and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time 215 ± 84 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early survival was 19/22 (86%) up to 30 days without mortality in the second half of our series. Three patients required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support and renal support was needed in three and preferred permanent pace maker (PPM) implantation in two. Length of stay was 21.9 ± 22.1 days. There was one late death and overall survival was 18/22 (82%) for the follow-up period of 4.8 years (0.2-9.8 years). Eight patients (44%) required re-intervention for re-coarctation. Four patients required right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT)/pulmonary artery re-interventions. At follow-up, there was no requirement for aortic valve replacement, residual VSD closure and no evidence of ventricular dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-stage repair of TGA/DORV and AAO can be performed safely with a good survival rate. Three important lessons that we have learnt are as follows: (1) the subpulmonary VSD may have a perimembraneous component, (2) late re-coarctation is not infrequent and (3) late residual right-sided cardiac lesions remain an issue in complex TGA repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Branko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mimic
authors.forename: Nilesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oswal
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kostolny
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Leval
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tsang
mesh_terms: D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000601:surgery; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D004310:Double Outlet Right Ventricle / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome