Glycoconjugate vaccines and immune interference: A review.
Bacterial polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines (Haemophilus influenzae type b [Hib], pneumococcal and meningococcal conjugates) have revolutionized pediatric vaccination strategies. The widely used carrier proteins are tetanus toxoid (TT), diphtheria toxoid (DT) and diphtheria toxoid variant CRM197 protein, DT conjugates being in general less immunogenic. Multivalent conjugates using TT were found to be at risk for reduced polysaccharide responses, whilst multivalent CRM197 conjugates are at lower risk for this, but may be at higher risk of inducing bystander interference, particularly affecting Hib and hepatitis B immune responses. Novel carriers avoiding these issues could enable the further development of pediatric schedules and combinations.
Dagan
Ron
R
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel. rdagan@bgu.ac.il
Poolman
Jan
J
Siegrist
Claire-Anne
CA
D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000276:immunology; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000276:immunology
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D000939:Epitopes; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate; C028581:CRM197 (non-toxic variant of diphtheria toxin)