title: Quantitative ultrasound and radiographic absorptiometry are associated with vertebral deformity in Japanese Women: the Hizen-Oshima study.
abstract: We evaluated the ability of heel quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and metacarpal radiographic absorptiometry (RA) to identify subjects with vertebral deformities in Japanese women aged ≥40. Both QUS and RA were associated with vertebral deformities, and the estimated prevalence at each T-score widely varied with age.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Heel QUS and metacarpal RA have been used for screening patients to evaluate risk of osteoporotic fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of QUS and RA to identify women with vertebral deformities in 570 Japanese women aged ≥40, and to estimate the prevalence of vertebral deformity at each T-score.
  
  
  METHODS
  Calcaneal QUS and metacarpal RA were performed. Radiographic vertebral deformities were assessed by quantitative morphometry, defined as vertebral heights more than 3 SD below the normal mean.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that both calcaneal stiffness index (SI) and metacarpal bone mineral density (BMD) were associated with vertebral deformities. Using the T-score of -2.5 as a cutoff value, the specificity and sensitivity for identifying individuals with vertebral deformities was 65% and 83% for calcaneal SI, and 40% and 88% for metacarpal BMD, respectively. The prevalence of vertebral deformity was estimated using age-adjusted logistic regression models. Women with calcaneal SI T-score of -2.5 had a 2% estimated probability of vertebral deformity at age 40, and 22% at age 80. For metacarpal BMD T-score of -2.5, estimated probability was less than 1% at age 40, and 27% at age 80.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both calcaneal SI and metacarpal BMD were associated with prevalence of vertebral deformity. Furthermore, the prevalence widely varied with age at any given bone value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. yasuyo-a@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takamura
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050279:Metacarpal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013121:Spinal Curvatures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D014463:Ultrasonography