title: MDM2 recruitment of lysine methyltransferases regulates p53 transcriptional output.
abstract: MDM2 is a key regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor acting primarily as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to promote its degradation. MDM2 also inhibits p53 transcriptional activity by recruiting histone deacetylase and corepressors to p53. Here, we show that immunopurified MDM2 complexes have significant histone H3-K9 methyltransferase activity. The histone methyltransferases SUV39H1 and EHMT1 bind specifically to MDM2 but not to its homolog MDMX. MDM2 mediates formation of p53-SUV39H1/EHMT1 complex capable of methylating H3-K9 in vitro and on p53 target promoters in vivo. Furthermore, MDM2 promotes EHMT1-mediated p53 methylation at K373. Knockdown of SUV39H1 and EHMT1 increases p53 activity during stress response without affecting p53 levels, whereas their overexpression inhibits p53 in an MDM2-dependent manner. The p53 activator ARF inhibits SUV39H1 and EHMT1 binding to MDM2 and reduces MDM2-associated methyltransferase activity. These results suggest that MDM2-dependent recruitment of methyltransferases is a novel mechanism of p53 regulation through methylation of both p53 itself and histone H3 at target promoters.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Aleksandra K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Zwolinska
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koomen
authors.forename: Zhi-Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jenuwein
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Marine
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Jiandong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008745:Methylation; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C407843:SUV39H1 protein, human; C455847:EHMT1 protein, human; D008780:Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; C497207:Mdm2 protein, mouse; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D008239:Lysine