title: The stability of a crystal with diamond structure for patchy particles with tetrahedral symmetry.
abstract: The phase diagram of model anisotropic particles with four attractive patches in a tetrahedral arrangement has been computed at two different values of the range of the potential, with the aim of investigating the conditions under which a diamond crystal can be formed. We find that the diamond phase is never stable for our longer-ranged potential. At low temperatures and pressures, the fluid freezes into a body-centered-cubic solid that can be viewed as two interpenetrating diamond lattices with a weak interaction between the two sublattices. Upon compression, an orientationally ordered face-centered-cubic crystal becomes more stable than the body-centered-cubic crystal, and at higher temperatures, a plastic face-centered-cubic phase is stabilized by the increased entropy due to orientational disorder. A similar phase diagram is found for the shorter-ranged potential, but at low temperatures and pressures, we also find a region over which the diamond phase is thermodynamically favored over the body-centered-cubic phase. The higher vibrational entropy of the diamond structure with respect to the body-centered-cubic solid explains why it is stable even though the enthalpy of the latter phase is lower. Some preliminary studies on the growth of the diamond structure starting from a crystal seed were performed. Even though the diamond phase is never thermodynamically stable for the longer-ranged model, direct coexistence simulations of the interface between the fluid and the body-centered-cubic crystal and between the fluid and the diamond crystal show that at sufficiently low pressures, it is quite probable that in both cases the solid grows into a diamond crystal, albeit involving some defects. These results highlight the importance of kinetic effects in the formation of diamond crystals in systems of patchy particles.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Serrano 119, 28026 Madrid, Spain. eva.noya@iqfr.csic.es
authors.forename: Eva G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Noya
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: Jonathan P K
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Doye
authors.forename: Ard A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Louis
mesh_terms: D016880:Anisotropy; D003198:Computer Simulation; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011312:Pressure; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics