title: Care of rats with complete high-thoracic spinal cord injury.
abstract: The complications of spinal cord injury (SCI) increase in number and severity with the level of injury. A recent survey of SCI researchers reveals that animal models of high SCI are essential. Despite this consensus, most laboratories continue to work with mid- or low-thoracic SCI. The available data on cervical SCI in animals characterize incomplete injuries; for example, nearly all studies published in 2009 examine discrete, tract-specific lesions that are not clinically-relevant. A primary barrier to developing animal models of severe, higher SCI is the challenge of animal care, a critical determinant of experimental outcome. Currently, many of these practices vary substantially between laboratories, and are passed down anecdotally within institutions. The care of animals with SCI is complex, and becomes much more challenging as the lesion level ascends. In our experience, the care of animals with high-thoracic (T3) SCI is much more demanding than the care of animals with low-thoracic SCI, even though both injuries result in paraplegia. We have developed an animal care regimen for rats with complete high-thoracic SCI. Our practices have been refined over the past 7 years, in collaboration with animal care centre staff and veterinarians. During this time, we have cared for more than 300 rats with T3 complete transection SCI, with experimental end-points of up to 3 months. Here we provide details of our animal care procedures, including acclimatization, housing, diet, antibiotic prophylaxis, surgical procedures, post-operative monitoring, and prevention of complications. In our laboratory, this comprehensive approach consistently produces good outcomes following T3 complete transection SCI: using body weight as an objective indicator of animal health, we have found that our rats typically return to pre-operative weights within 10 days of T3 complete SCI. It is our hope that the information provided here will improve care of experimental animals, and facilitate adoption of models that directly address the complications associated with higher level injuries.
authors.affiliation: Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: John B G
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: Leanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ramer
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Inskip
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alan
authors.forename: Matt S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ramer
authors.forename: Andrei V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Krassioukov
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006799:Housing, Animal / Q000592:standards; D007756:Laboratory Animal Science / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae