title: Effects of ephedra on autonomic nervous modulation in healthy young adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Given the popularity of the use of ephedra in traditional Chinese medicine around the world, a greater understanding of its actions is required. This study aims to assess the effects of ephedra on autonomic nervous modulation using power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Twenty healthy subjects were given 1g of ephedra dry extract or placebo once per day for 14 days in a crossover fashion with a 7-day washout period between treatments. Sequential HRV measures at baseline and at 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after taking ephedra or the placebo on days 1 and 14 were obtained and compared. In addition, the baseline HRV measurements on days 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 were also obtained and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The normalized low-frequency component (LF%) and the low/high-frequency component ratio (LF/HF) of the HRV were significantly increased, whereas the high-frequency component (HF) and normalized HF (HF%) were significantly decreased at 120 and 180 min after taking ephedra on days 1 and 14. In addition, the baseline LF% and LF/HF were significantly increased, whereas the baseline HF% was significantly decreased on days 10 and 14, as compared to day 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By power spectral analysis of the HRV of healthy young adults, it is suggested that ingestion of ephedra dry extract acutely and chronically affects autonomic nervous activity by tilting the sympathovagal balance toward increased sympathetic activity, whereas parasympathetic activity was impaired.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Lung
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tung-Hu
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Cheryl C H
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Terry B J
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D029790:Ephedra sinica / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010936:Plant Extracts