title: RETRACTED: The importance of regulation of blood glucose levels through activation of peripheral 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase on ischemic neuronal damage.
abstract: This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
  
  This article has been retracted at the request of Authors following an investigation into data manipulation (Figures 1 and 2) by an Investigation Committee at Kobe Gakuin University.
  
  Namely:
  
  Figure 1 - multiple numbers of the original raw data were changed and thus the significant difference illustrated in the published article was not obtained.
  
  Figure 2 - there was numerical disagreement found in some parts between the raw data and the published article data and thus the significant difference illustrated in the published article was not obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Japan.
authors.forename: Wakako
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fujita-Hamabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Japan. Electronic address: stoku@pharm.kobegakuin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokuyama
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008687:Metformin; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases