title: Network origins of anxiety and depression.
abstract: Cramer et al. contrast two possible explanations for psychological symptoms: latent variables (i.e., specific cause) versus a network of causality between symptoms. There is a third explanation: The reason for comorbidity and the reported network structure of psychological symptoms is that the underlying biological cause is a psychoneuroimmunoendocrine information network which, when dysregulated, leads to several maladaptive psychological and somatic symptoms.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom. mhyland@plymouth.ac.uk
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hyland
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales