title: Concentration of arginine and optimal time of hypertonic saline in restoration of T-cell dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertonic saline (HS) restores prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2))-induced T-cell suppression in the presence of 1100 microM arginine. However, under arginine-free culture conditions, HS dose not restore T-cell proliferation. Therefore, we wanted to determine if HS can restore PGE(2)-induced T-cell suppression in the presence of 80 microM of arginine, the physiologically relevant arginine concentration. We also wanted to determine the concentration of arginine that induces HS restoration of PGE(2)-suppressed T-cell proliferation and whether HS restoration of T-cell dysfunction is dependent on the injection time of HS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Jurkat cells were cultured in media containing 0, 40, 80, 400, 800, or 1100 microM arginine. In both the PGE(2)-stimulated and HS-treated group, we measured cell proliferation using MTT assay and arginase activity. We also measured cell proliferation relative to HS injection time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 80 microM arginine, HS did not restore Jurkat cell proliferation that had been suppressed by PGE(2). Increased concentrations of arginine in the media increased MTT cell proliferation. In 800 microM arginine media, HS restored PGE(2)-suppressed Jurkat cell proliferation to normal. HS restored PGE(2)-suppressed Jurkat cell proliferation when it was added at 2 h, similar to at same time and 1 h after PGE(2) stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In order to restore PGE(2)-suppressed Jurkat cell proliferation, HS requires at least 800 microM arginine. HS restored PGE(2)-suppressed Jurkat cell proliferation even though HS was added at 2 h after PGE(2) stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Sung-Hyuk
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Han-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Young-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Jung-Yoen
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yun-Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bansal
mesh_terms: D001119:Arginase / Q000378:metabolism; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015232:Dinoprostone; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D001120:Arginine; D001119:Arginase; D015232:Dinoprostone