title: The transient receptor potential channel antagonist SKF96365 is a potent blocker of low-voltage-activated T-type calcium channels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  SKF96365 (SKF), originally identified as a blocker of receptor-mediated calcium entry, is widely used diagnostically, as a blocker of transient receptor potential canonical type (TRPC) channels. While SKF has been used as a tool to define the functional roles of TRPC channels in various cell and tissue types, there are notable overlapping physiological and pathophysiological associations between TRPC channels and low-voltage-activated (LVA) T-type calcium channels. The activity of SKF against T-type Ca channels has not been previously explored, and here we systematically investigated the effects of SKF on recombinant and native voltage-gated Ca channel-mediated currents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of SKF on recombinant Ca channels were studied under whole-cell patch clamp conditions after expression in HEK293 cells. The effect of SKF on cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) expressing native T-type Ca channels was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SKF blocked recombinant Ca channels, representative of each of the three main molecular genetic classes (Ca(V)1, Ca(V)2 and Ca(V)3) at concentrations typically utilized to assay TRPC function (10 microM). Particularly, human Ca(V)3.1 T-type Ca channels were more potently inhibited by SKF (IC(50) approximately 560 nM) in our experiments than previously reported for similarly expressed TRPC channels. SKF also inhibited native Ca(V)3.1 T-type currents in a rat cerebellar PC slice preparation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SKF was a potent blocker of LVA T-type Ca channels. We suggest caution in the interpretation of results using SKF alone as a diagnostic agent for TRPC activity in native tissues.
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hildebrand
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Snutch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D050051:Transient Receptor Potential Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type; D007093:Imidazoles; D050051:Transient Receptor Potential Channels; C063159:1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole