title: Multiple headspace single-drop microextraction coupled with gas chromatography for direct determination of residual solvents in solid drug product.
abstract: This paper proposed a multiple headspace single-drop microextraction (MHS-SDME) method coupled to gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) for direct determination of residual solvents in solid drug product. The MHS-SDME technique is based on extrapolation to an exhaustive extraction of consecutive extractions from the same sample which eliminates the matrix effect on the quantitative analysis of solid samples. The total peak area of analyte is calculated with a beta constant which can be obtained from the slope of the linear regression that related to the peak area of each extraction and the number of extraction times. In this work, a model drug powder was chosen and the amounts of residues of two solvents, methanol and ethanol, were investigated. The factors influencing the extraction process including extraction solvent, microdrop volume, extraction time, sample amount, thermostatting temperature and incubation time were studied. 10mg of drug powder was incubated for 3 h at 140 degrees C prior to the first extraction and thermostatted for 15 min at 140 degrees C between each extraction. Extraction was carried out with 2 microL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the microdrop for 5 min. The features of the method were established using standard solutions. Validation of the proposed method showed good agreement with the traditional dissolution method for analysis of residual solvents in drug product. The results indicated that MHS-SDME has a great potential for the quantitative determination of residual solvents directly from the solid drug products due to its low cost, ease of operation, sensitivity, reliability and environmental protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Yingjia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Cidan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Meifen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yile
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gengli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D004340:Drug Contamination; D016014:Linear Models; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012997:Solvents / Q000032:analysis*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012997:Solvents