title: Angiographic versus functional severity of coronary artery stenoses in the FAME study fractional flow reserve versus angiography in multivessel evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between angiographic and functional severity of coronary artery stenoses in the FAME (Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography in Multivessel Evaluation) study.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It can be difficult to determine on the coronary angiogram which lesions cause ischemia. Revascularization of coronary stenoses that induce ischemia improves a patient's functional status and outcome. For stenoses that do not induce ischemia, however, the benefit of revascularization is less clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the FAME study, routine measurement of the fractional flow reserve (FFR) was compared with angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. The use of the FFR in addition to angiography significantly reduced the rate of all major adverse cardiac events at 1 year. Of the 1,414 lesions (509 patients) in the FFR-guided arm of the FAME study, 1,329 were successfully assessed by the FFR and are included in this analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before FFR measurement, these lesions were categorized into 50% to 70% (47% of all lesions), 71% to 90% (39% of all lesions), and 91% to 99% (15% of all lesions) diameter stenosis by visual assessment. In the category 50% to 70% stenosis, 35% were functionally significant (FFR <or=0.80) and 65% were not (FFR >0.80). In the category 71% to 90% stenosis, 80% were functionally significant and 20% were not. In the category of subtotal stenoses, 96% were functionally significant. Of all 509 patients with angiographically defined multivessel disease, only 235 (46%) had functional multivessel disease (>or=2 coronary arteries with an FFR <or=0.80).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angiography is inaccurate in assessing the functional significance of a coronary stenosis when compared with the FFR, not only in the 50% to 70% category but also in the 70% to 90% angiographic severity category.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, Eindhoven 5623 EJ, the Netherlands. pim.tonino@cze.nl
authors.forename: Pim A L
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tonino
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Fearon
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Bruyne
authors.forename: Keith G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Oldroyd
authors.forename: Massoud A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Leesar
authors.forename: Peter N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Ver Lee
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Maccarthy
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van't Veer
authors.forename: Nico H J
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Pijls
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D053805:Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome