title: Contribution of combined sewer overflows to trace contaminant loads in urban streams.
abstract: The present study examines the contribution of combined sewer overflows (CSO) to loads and concentrations of trace contaminants in receiving surface water. A simple method to assess the ratio of CSO to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents was applied to the urban River Spree in Berlin, Germany. The assessment indicated that annual loads are dominated by CSO for substances with removal in WWTP above approximately 95%. Moreover, it showed that substances with high removal in WWTP can lead to concentration peaks in the river during CSO events. The calculated results could be verified based on eight years of monitoring data from the River Spree, collected between 2000 and 2007. Substances that are well removed in WWTP such as NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) were found to occur in significantly increased concentration during CSO, while the concentration of substances that are poorly removable in WWTP such as EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) decreased in CSO-influenced samples due to dilution effects. The overall results indicate the potential importance of the CSO pathway of well-removable sewage-based trace contaminants to rivers. In particular, high concentrations during CSO events may be relevant for aquatic organisms. Given the results, it is suggested to include well-removable, sewage-based trace contaminants, a substance group often neglected in the past, in future studies on urban rivers in case of combined sewer systems. The presented methodology is suggested for a first assessment, since it is based solely on urban drainage data, which is available in most cities.
authors.affiliation: Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin, Cicerostrasse 24, 10709 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weyrauch
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matzinger
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pawlowsky-Reusing
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Plume
authors.forename: Dörthe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: von Seggern
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heinzmann
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rouault
mesh_terms: D001604:Berlin; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005843:Geography; D009571:Nitrilotriacetic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D009571:Nitrilotriacetic Acid