title: A positive family history of esophageal/gastric cardia cancer with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma is associated with a younger age at onset and more likely with another synchronous esophageal/gastric cardia cancer in a Chinese high-risk area.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To find a genetic component in gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (GCA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Age at onset (AO) and rate of another synchronous primary upper gastrointestinal carcinoma (RASPUGIC) were compared among the three GCA groups with positive (N = 766), negative (N = 2167), and missing family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer (FHUGIC) (N = 198). These 3131 GCAs were diagnosed on 3128 primary GCA patients of a consecutive surgical cohort treated from 1973 through 1994 at the Department of Thoracic Surgery in the 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University in a high-risk region in northern China.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, GCAs of positive FHUGIC showed a significantly younger AO and a significantly higher RASPUGIC than the negative group (54.68 ± 7.35 vs 55.94 ± 7.47 years old, Pt-test = 0.000; 3.1% vs 1.3%, χ2 = 11.02, P = 0.001). The difference in AO and RASPUGIC between the positive and the negative FHUGIC GCAs is significant or nearly significant in most subgroups; minimizing the possibility of a false association due to bias or confounding (e.g. significant stage-specific differences in AO between familial and sporadic GCAs observed in the subgroup of T2,3N0M0 (P = 0.000) and T2,3,4N1M0 (P = 0.03) exclude the possibility of ascertainment bias towards an earlier diagnosis in familial cases), and the association between FHUGIC and RASPUGIC is statistically significant for GCAs of younger AO (<55 yr old, RASPUGIC 3.8% vs 1.6% vs 1.1% for the positive, negative and missing FHUGIC GCAs respectively, χ2 = 6.50, P = 0.04), but not significant for the later onset GCAs (≥55 yr old, RASPUGIC 2.5%, 1.1%, 1.9% for the positive, negative and missing FHUGIC respectively, χ2 = 4.22, P = 0.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest a genetic component in GCA in the Chinese high-risk region, and genetic predisposition may determine the age at onset and number of primary upper gastrointestinal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, Hebei Cancer Institute and The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Denggui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Baoen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Shijie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lizhen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Wendi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D017668:Age of Onset; D044466:Asian People; D002299:Cardia / Q000473:pathology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology