title: Serovar profiling of Haemophilus parasuis on Australian farms by sampling live pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigate the diversity of serovars of Haemophilus parasuis (Hps) present in Australian pig herds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal swabs were used to obtain multiple isolates of Hps, which were grouped first by genotyping and then by serotyping representative isolates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swabs were taken from the nasal cavity of just-weaned healthy pigs from multiparous sows on 12 farms and from post-weaned pigs of multiparous sows on 1 farm. On 5 of the 13 farms, nasal swabs were also obtained from pigs showing clinical signs suggestive of Glässer's disease. On a further 7 farms, nasal swabs were obtained only from pigs with clinical signs suggestive of Glässer's disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 556 Hps isolates were genotyped, and 150 isolates were serotyped. Hps was detected on 19 of the 20 farms, including 2 farms with a long history of freedom from Glässer's disease. Isolates of Hps belonging to serovars regarded as potentially pathogenic were obtained from healthy pigs at weaning on 8 of the 10 farms with a history of Glässer's disease outbreaks. Sampling 213 sick pigs yielded 115 isolates of Hps, 99 of which belonged to serovars that were either potentially pathogenic or of unknown pathogenicity. Only 16 isolates from these 213 sick pigs were of a serovar known to be non-pathogenic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthy pigs contain a range of Hps serovars, even on farms free of Glässer's disease. Nasal swabbing of both healthy and sick pigs seems a useful method of serovar profiling of farms.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries, Animal Research Institute, Queensland 4105, Australia. Conny.Turni@dpi.qld.gov.au
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turni
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Blackall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D044137:Haemophilus parasuis / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000382:microbiology*; D012703:Serotyping; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*