title: 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid is independently associated with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (CCL4) in patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CC-chemokines and kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluate the plasma levels of anthranilic acid (AA), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) and their possible relationship with CC-chemokines, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) as the marker of oxidative status and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as an index of inflammation in the population of 48 CKD patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, CKD patients showed a significant increase in plasma concentrations of CCL2, CCL4, AA, 3-HAA, Cu/Zn SOD and hsCRP. Multiple stepwise regression analysis identified inflammation, renal function and 3-HAA levels as the independent variables significantly associated with increased CCL2; whereas age, 3-HAA and renal function as independent variables associated with CCL4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest a relationship between CC-chemokine system and KP activation, which may represent one of the mechanisms involved in the accelerated atherosclerosis in CKD population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kowalewska
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mysliwiec
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pawlak
mesh_terms: D015095:3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000097:blood*; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006801:Humans; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D015095:3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; D007737:Kynurenine