title: Early postoperative statin therapy is associated with a lower incidence of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that perioperative statin use reduces acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from an ongoing clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A quaternary-care university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred twenty-four adult elective cardiac surgery patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors assessed the association of preoperative statin use, early postoperative statin use, and acute statin withdrawal with the incidence of AKI. Early postoperative statin use was defined as statin treatment within the first postoperative day. Statin withdrawal was defined as the discontinuation of preoperative statin treatment before surgery until at least postoperative day 2. Logistic regression and propensity score modeling were used to control for AKI risk factors. Sixty-eight of 324 patients (21.0%) developed AKI. AKI patients stayed in the hospital longer (p = 0.03) and were more likely to develop pneumonia (p = 0.002) or die (p = 0.001). A higher body mass index (p = 0.003), higher central venous pressure (p = 0.03), and statin withdrawal (27.4 v 14.7%, p = 0.046) were associated with a higher incidence of AKI, whereas early postoperative statin use was protective (12.5% v 23.8%, p = 0.03). Preoperative statin use did not affect the risk of AKI. In multivariate logistic regression, age (p = 0.03), male sex (p = 0.02), body mass index (p < 0.001), and early postoperative statin use (odds ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.72; p = 0.006) independently predicted AKI. Propensity score-adjusted risk assessment confirmed the association between early postoperative statin use and reduced AKI (odds ratio = 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.70; p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early postoperative statin use is associated with a lower incidence of AKI among both chronic statin users and statin-naive cardiac surgery patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. frederic.t.billings@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Frederic T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Billings
authors.forename: Mias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pretorius
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Siew
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000517:prevention & control; D015992:Body Mass Index; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006490:Hemostatics; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007611:Aprotinin