title: Isolation and characterization of new Leptospira genotypes from patients in Mayotte (Indian Ocean).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leptospirosis has been implicated as a severe and fatal form of disease in Mayotte, a French-administrated territory located in the Comoros archipelago (southwestern Indian Ocean). To date, Leptospira isolates have never been isolated in this endemic region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leptospires were isolated from blood samples from 22 patients with febrile illness during a 17-month period after a PCR-based screening test was positive. Strains were typed using hyper-immune antisera raised against the major Leptospira serogroups: 20 of 22 clinical isolates were assigned to serogroup Mini; the other two strains belonged to serogroups Grippotyphosa and Pyrogenes, respectively. These isolates were further characterized using partial sequencing of 16S rRNA and ligB gene, Multi Locus VNTR Analysis (MLVA), and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Of the 22 isolates, 14 were L. borgpetersenii strains, 7 L. kirschneri strains, and 1, belonging to serogoup Pyrogenes, was L. interrogans. Results of the genotyping methods were consistent. MLVA defined five genotypes, whereas PFGE allowed the recognition of additional subgroups within the genotypes. PFGE fingerprint patterns of clinical strains did not match any of the patterns in the reference strains belonging to the same serogroup, suggesting that the strains were novel serovars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary PCR screening of blood specimen allowed a high isolation frequency of leptospires among patients with febrile illness. Typing of leptospiral isolates showed that causative agents of leptospirosis in Mayotte have unique molecular features.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bourhy
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Collet
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clément
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huerre
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ave
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giry
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pettinelli
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Picardeau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D017507:Comoros / Q000453:epidemiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005849:Gerbillinae; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D007919:Leptospira / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D007922:Leptospirosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012703:Serotyping
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial