title: High neutrophil numbers in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques are associated with characteristics of rupture-prone lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To score the number of plaque neutrophils and relate the score to plaque morphology and inflammatory status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neutrophils are inflammatory cells with tissue destruction capabilities that have been found at the site of an atherosclerotic plaque rupture or erosion. Poor evidence exists for neutrophil infiltration in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques, and its association with plaque morphology has not yet been described. A set of 355 human carotid plaques was stained for the neutrophil marker CD66b. High neutrophil numbers were found in plaques with a large lipid core, high macrophage numbers, and low collagen amount and smooth muscle cell numbers. High neutrophil numbers were associated with high interleukin 8 (P<0.001) and matrix metalloproteases 8 (P=0.005) and 9 (P<0.001) plaque levels. High microvessel density within plaques was correlated with high neutrophil numbers (P=0.01). In addition, low numbers of neutrophils were associated with female sex and use of beta-blockers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the first time to our knowledge, these results show that neutrophil numbers are strongly associated with the histopathologic features of rupture-prone atherosclerotic lesions and suggest a role for neutrophils in plaque destabilization.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiology, Heart and Lung, University MedicalCenter Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
authors.forename: Mihaela G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ionita
authors.forename: Pleunie
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van den Borne
authors.forename: Louise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Catanzariti
authors.forename: Frans L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.forename: Jean-Paul P M
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasterkamp
authors.forename: Aryan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vink
authors.forename: Dominique P V
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: de Kleijn
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D016015:Logistic Models; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000032:analysis; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000473:pathology; D009426:Netherlands; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012421:Rupture; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; C504120:CEACAM8 protein, human; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008055:Lipids; D003094:Collagen; C488762:MMP8 protein, human; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9