title: Recent trends in tuberculosis in children in London.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood tuberculosis (TB) represents a sentinel event of recent transmission and is an indication of the effectiveness of prevention and control interventions. We analysed the trends in the epidemiology of TB in children in London aged 0-14 years between 1999 and 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were extracted from the Enhanced TB Surveillance System.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1999 and 2006, there were 1370 cases of TB in children. Incidence was higher in older children and in girls. The incidence rates in London Boroughs varied from 0.4/100,000 to 32.7/100,000. Between 1999 and 2006, Black-Africans comprised 49.2% of all TB cases in children, children from the Indian Subcontinent 21.8% and Whites 8.5%. The proportion of cases born in the UK averaged 52.4% during this period. Of non-UK-born children 79.3% were diagnosed with TB within 5 years of entry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethnicity, country of birth and age are important risk factors for development of. With an overall TB incidence in London exceeding 40/100,000, universal BCG immunization of all neonates should be considered across all London boroughs.
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Agency, London Regional Epidemiology Unit, Holborn Gate, 330 High Holborn, London WC1 7VV, UK.
authors.forename: J E T
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ruwende
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Padilla
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carless
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shingadia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents