title: Clorgyline-mediated reversal of neurological deficits in a Complexin 2 knockout mouse.
abstract: Complexin 2 is a protein modulator of neurotransmitter release that is downregulated in humans suffering from depression, animal models of depression and neurological disorders such as Huntington's disease in which depression is a major symptom. Although complexin 2 knockout (Cplx2-/-) mice are overtly normal, they show significant abnormalities in cognitive function and synaptic plasticity. Here we show that Cplx2-/- mice also have disturbances in emotional behaviours that include abnormal social interactions and depressive-like behaviour. Since neurotransmitter deficiencies are thought to underlie depression, we examined neurotransmitter levels in Cplx2-/- mice and found a significant decrease in levels of noradrenaline and the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the hippocampus. Chronic treatment with clorgyline, an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A, restored hippocampal noradrenaline to normal levels (from 60 to 97% of vehicle-treated Cplx2+/+ mice, P<0.001), and reversed the behavioural deficits seen in Cplx2-/- mice. For example, clorgyline-treated Cplx2-/- mice spent significantly more time interacting with a novel visitor mouse compared with vehicle-treated Cplx2-/- mice in the social recognition test (34 compared with 13%, P<0.01). We were also able to reverse the selective deficit seen in mossy fibre-long-term potentiation (MF-LTP) in Cplx2-/- mice using the noradrenergic agonist isoprenaline. Pre-treatment with isoprenaline in vitro increased MF-LTP by 125% (P<0.001), thus restoring it to control levels. Our data strongly support the idea that complexin 2 is a key player in normal neurological function, and that downregulation of complexin 2 could lead to changes in neurotransmitter release sufficient to cause significant behavioural abnormalities such as depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK.
authors.forename: Dervila
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: Helen E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Harte
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reim
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Gavin P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: A Jennifer
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Morton
mesh_terms: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003010:Clorgyline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C095993:complexin II; D003010:Clorgyline; D009638:Norepinephrine