title: Psychometric properties of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia in patients with shoulder pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the reliability and validity of 2 commonly used measures of pain related fear in patients with shoulder pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A preplanned secondary analysis of a prospective single-arm trial involving a repeated-measures design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient physical therapy clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (N=80) with a primary report of shoulder pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients completed the outcome measures at baseline and at follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients completed a modified Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), the 11-item version of Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) at baseline and at a 48-hour follow-up. Patients were dichotomized as improved or stable at follow-up based on the Global Rating of Change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis indicated 3 stable factors for the FABQ and 1 stable factor for the TSK-11. Shoulder specific scoring for the FABQ and TSK-11 were used in subsequent analyses. Test-retest reliability intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was substantial for the FABQ and the TSK-11. The FABQ correlated significantly with SPADI pain and disability scores, while the TSK-11 correlated significantly only with SPADI pain scores. The shoulder-specific FABQ-W (work beliefs subscale) was a better than chance predictor of missing days of work during the 48-hour study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modified FABQ and TSK-11 may be appropriate for use in patients with shoulder pain. Shoulder-specific scoring of these measures resulted in substantial test-retest reliability, and the FABQ correlated with the SPADI for pain and disability. The FABQ also showed potential for prediction of short-term work loss in this sample. Pain-related fear may be an important variable in patients with shoulder pain and merits future consideration in longitudinal studies.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Paul.mintken@ucdenver.edu
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Mintken
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Whitman
authors.forename: Steven Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020393:Manipulation, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires