title: Ultrastructural changes of cornea after ethanol ingestion in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare ethanol-induced ultrastructural changes in corneas of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty, five-week-old male LETO and OLETF rats were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet (LETO alc and OLETF alc) for 11 weeks, and another forty OLETF and LETO rats were put on a pair-fed control diet (LETO con and OLETF con) for 11 weeks. The body weight and fasting blood glucose levels, and 2-hour blood glucose levels after glucose tolerance test (GTT) were checked every week. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured with an ultrasound pachymeter after 11 weeks. After corneal buttons were excised, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CCTs in groups LETO-alc (179.39 +/- 28.64 microm) and OLETF-alc (189.46 +/- 44.44 microm) were significantly thicker than those in groups LETO-con (168.07 +/- 15.57 microm) and OLETF-con (179.28 +/- 14.68 microm) respectively (P < 0.05). The percentage of basement membrane occupied by hemidesmosome (HD/BM) in the LETO-alc (43.2 +/- 3.7%) and OLETF-alc (35.3 +/- 4.1%) was lower than that in the LETO-con (51.5 +/- 2.6%) and OLETF-con (41.6 +/- 3.5%) group respectively (P < 0.05). Descemet's membrane thickness of the LETO-alc (4.45 +/- 0.3 microm) and OLETF-alc (4.98 +/- 0.5 microm) was greater than that of the LETO-con (4.11 +/- 0.2 microm) and OLETF-con (4.57 +/- 0.3 microm) group respectively (P < 0.05). In the OLETF group, the hemidesmosomes and endothelial tight junctions were less electron-dense; interstromal edema was more prominent than that in the LETO group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Corneal ultrastructural damage can develop in the pre-diabetic stage and when alcohol is ingested chronically in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Chul
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dai-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong Su
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Man Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003886:Descemet Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D022002:Hemidesmosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019108:Tight Junctions
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000431:Ethanol