title: Preparation of a monoclonal antibody and development of an indirect competitive ELISA for the detection of chlorpromazine residue in chicken and swine liver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chlorpromazine is a typical antipsychotic drug used to make food-producing animals calm and promote growth as feed additives. Accumulation of chlorpromazine in animal bodies would cause side effects in the circulatory and nervous systems, and have adverse effects on blood cells, the skin and the eye. To detect the chlorpromazine residue in food producing animals, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed based on preparation of an anti-chlorpromazine monoclonal antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antibody generated from immunogen of cationic bovine serum albumin (cBSA) coupled with chlorpromazine showed high sensitivity toward chlorpromazine with an IC(50) value of 0.73 ppb. The ELISA method was applied to detect swine liver and chicken samples spiked by chlorpromazine and satisfactory results were obtained. The recovery rates in chicken and swine liver were in the range of 88-95% and 86-95%, respectively; the intra-assay coefficients of variation were both < 15.3% and < 13.5%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An indirect competitive ELISA method based on a monoclonal antibody towards chlorpromazine with excellent sensitivity and specificity has been successfully developed. The immunoassay provided in this study was a hopeful alternative to chromatography spectrometry for regulatory analysis of chlorpromazine residue in food-producing animals.
authors.affiliation: The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Caiwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Shanliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rimo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D002746:Chlorpromazine