title: Epistaxis or epiphora as a sign for extension of a conjunctival melanoma. A series of six patients with nasolacrimal recurrence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterise malignant conjunctival melanomas with extension and recurrence in the nasolacrimal system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Localisation of the primary tumour and recurrences of 210 conjunctival melanomas treated in The Netherlands were reviewed for orbital and nasal tumours (1978-2008). Based of these cases and literature data, characteristics for nasolacrimal system extension and metastasis were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients (3%) showed a recurrence of the primary conjunctival melanoma in the nasolacrimal system. Two of the six primary tumours were limbal tumours; the other four were diffuse tumours involving the fornix. In all six patients, the primary conjunctival melanomas were associated with primary acquired melanosis. During the follow-up period (11.6±3 years, range 3.4-28.5 years, median 8.7 years) two patients developed metastases and died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients should be advised to contact their treating ophthalmologist in the case of symptoms of epiphora, nose obstructions and epistaxis, especially non-bulbar and diffuse cases associated with primary acquired melanosis.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Oncology Unit, Department Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, The Netherlands. guymissotten@hotmail.com
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Missotten
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gambrelle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Wolff-Rouendaal
authors.forename: R J W
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: de Keizer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000209:etiology*; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000556:secondary*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct; D012008:Recurrence