title: Electronegative low-density lipoprotein is associated with dense low-density lipoprotein in subjects with different levels of cardiovascular risk.
abstract: Dyslipidemias and physicochemical changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are very important factors for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, pathophysiological properties of electronegative low-density lipoprotein [LDL(-)] remain a controversial issue. Our objective was to investigate LDL(-) content in LDL and its subfractions (phenotypes A and B) of subjects with different cardiovascular risk. Seventy-three subjects were randomized into three groups: normolipidemic (N; n = 30) and hypercholesterolemic (HC; n = 33) subjects and patients with CAD (n = 10). After fasting, blood samples were collected and total, dense and light LDL were isolated. LDL(-) content in total LDL and its subfractions was determined by ELISA. LDL(-) content in total LDL was lower in the N group as compared to the HC (P < 0.001) and CAD (P = 0.006) groups. In the total sample and in those of the N, HC, and CAD groups, LDL(-) content in dense LDL was higher than in light LDL (P = 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.033, respectively) The impact of LDL(-) on cardiovascular risk was reinforced when LDL(-) content in LDL showed itself to have a positive association with total cholesterol (beta = 0.003; P < 0.001), LDL-C (beta = 0.003; p < 0.001), and non-HDL-C (beta = 0.003; P < 0.001) and a negative association with HDL-C (beta = -0.32; P = 0.04). Therefore, LDL(-) is an important biomarker that showed association with the lipid profile and the level of cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, University of Sao Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Queiroz Mello
authors.forename: Isis Tande
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Aline Silva
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Valéria Sutti
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Dulcineia Saes Parra
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Abdalla
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gidlund
authors.forename: Nágila Raquel Teixeira
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Damasceno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL