title: VMY-1-103, a dansylated analog of purvalanol B, induces caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells.
abstract: The 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine group of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors have the potential to be clinically relevant inhibitors of cancer cell proliferation. We have recently designed and synthesized a novel dansylated analog of purvalanol B, termed VMY-1-103, that inhibited cell cycle progression in breast cancer cell lines more effectively than did purvalanol B and allowed for uptake analyses by fluorescence microscopy. ErbB-2 plays an important role in the regulation of signal transduction cascades in a number of epithelial tumors, including prostate cancer (PCa). Our previous studies demonstrated that transgenic expression of activated ErbB-2 in the mouse prostate initiated PCa and either the overexpression of ErbB-2 or the addition of the ErbB-2/ErbB-3 ligand, heregulin (HRG), induced cell cycle progression in the androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. In the present study, we tested the efficacy of VMY-1-103 in inhibiting HRG-induced cell proliferation in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. At concentrations as low as 1 μM, VMY-1-103 increased both the proportion of cells in G(1) and p21(CIP1) protein levels. At higher concentrations (5 μM or 10 μM), VMY-1-103 induced apoptosis via decreased mitochondrial membrane polarity and induction of p53 phosphorylation, caspase-3 activity and PARP cleavage. Treatment with 10 μM Purvalanol B failed to either influence proliferation or induce apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that VMY-1-103 was more effective in inducing apoptosis in PCa cells than its parent compound, purvalanol B, and support the testing of VMY-1-103 as a potential small molecule inhibitor of prostate cancer in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Lymor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ringer
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sirajuddin
authors.forename: Venkata Mahidhar
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Yenugonda
authors.forename: Anup
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Divito
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trabosh
authors.forename: Yesha
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brophy
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grindrod
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lisanti
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Milton L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Maria Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Avantaggiati
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Albanese
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003619:Dansyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C557984:2-chloro-N-(2-(5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonamido)ethyl)-4-(2-(1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-ylamino)-9-isopropyl-9H-purin-6-ylamino)benzamide; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003619:Dansyl Compounds; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D053148:Caspase 3; D000225:Adenine