title: Clinical characteristics of perforated pyometra and impending perforation: specific issues in gynecological emergency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical characteristics of pyometra and the differences between perforated pyometra and early-drained pyometra in order to prevent morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of 14 patients diagnosed between 1998 and 2008 with early-drainage pyometra and six patients with perforated pyometra were included. In addition, a review of the literature yielded another 30 perforated pyometra cases for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 20 women with pyometra, the main presented symptoms at admission were abdominal pain (80%), fever (45%) and vaginal discharge (25%). The majority of organisms isolated were Bacteroides fragilis (seven cases), Streptococcus species (six cases) and Escherichia coli (five cases). Of the 36 cases with spontaneous uterine perforation to date, 35 cases (97%) had abdominal pain, 11 cases (31%) had fever, and 10 cases (27%) had vomiting. Hypoalbuminemia was found in seven patients (five cases in the perforation group and two cases in the drainage group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early diagnosis of pyometra before perforation can avoid surgical exploration and decrease morbidity and mortality. Perforated pyometra should be considered as a differential diagnosis in women with pneumoperitoneum and fever. Hypoalbuminemia should be considered as a predisposing factor for pyometra perforation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Che
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Kuo-Chung
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ching-Chou
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Chan-Chao
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: ChangChien
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D001442:Bacteroides Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D004322:Drainage; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D055112:Pyometra / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014595:Uterine Perforation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*