title: Arthroscopic bankart suture-anchor repair: radiological and clinical outcome at minimum 10 years of follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are not many reports in the literature about the long-term outcomes in terms of recurrence and degenerative changes after arthroscopic capsulolabral reconstruction for anterior shoulder instability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term follow-up (minimum 10 years) of arthroscopic suture-anchor repair for traumatic unidirectional anterior instability, with special emphasis on the radiological evidence of arthritis and clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients (43 shoulders) treated at our institute from 1995 to 1997 were included in the study. Thirty patients (31 shoulders) were available for clinical and radiological examination (71%). The mean follow-up was 10.9 years (range, 9.8-14.3 years). Patients were evaluated preoperatively and after surgery using the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and Rowe score. Patient satisfaction was determined by asking the patients if they would do this operation again. Radiological outcome was used to evaluate the incidence and grade of arthritis according to the Samilson-Prieto classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the final follow-up examination, 5 patients (16%) reported an atraumatic recurrent instability, while 2 recurrences (7%) occurred after a major injury. Three of the 7 recurrences occurred 6 years after surgery. All of the patients in the recurrence group except 1 were contact or overhead athletes. Twenty-six patients were satisfied (84%) with the outcome. The SST showed an improvement of shoulder function in 23 cases, the UCLA score improved from 21.8 to 32.1, and the Rowe score showed excellent or good results in 77.3% of cases. Twenty-two patients (71%) were able to return to their preoperative sports level. Radiographic findings showed 9 cases with mild arthritis (29%) and 3 cases with moderate arthritis (10%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recurrence rate deteriorated with time. Involvement in contact sports and overhead activities appears to be a risk factor for recurrence of instability, although this could not be proved statistically with the numbers available, whereas age, gender, and number of preoperative dislocations did not reveal any correlation with recurrence. Degenerative changes of the glenohumeral joint were noted but had no significant effect on the clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Shoulder Unit, Humanitas Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castagna
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Markopoulos
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delle Rose
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papadakou
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garofalo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001168:Arthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011859:Radiography; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D053441:Suture Anchors; D055815:Young Adult