title: Effects of hapten density on the induced antibody repertoire.
abstract: Small peptides and oligosaccharides are important antigens for the development of vaccines and the production of monoclonal antibodies. Because of their small size, peptides and oligosaccharides are non-immunogenic on their own and typically must be conjugated to a larger carrier protein to elicit an immune response. Selection of a suitable carrier protein, conjugation method, and hapten density are critical for generating an optimal immune response. We used a glycan array to compare the repertoire of antibodies induced after immunizing with either low or high-density conjugates of the tumor-associated Tn antigen. At high hapten density, a broader range of antibodies was induced, and reactivity to the clustered Tn antigen was observed. In contrast, antibodies induced by the low-density conjugate had narrower reactivity and did not bind the clustered Tn antigen.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Luis G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Farnsworth
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gildersleeve
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D011817:Rabbits; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D012709:Serum Albumin; C040286:Tn antigen