Disparities in hypertension control advice according to smoking status.
OBJECTIVE
Hypertension is the most common modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Blood pressure (BP) reduction, particularly among smokers, is highly effective at preventing cardiovascular diseases. We examined the association between patient smoking status and hypertension management advice.


METHODS
Adults who participated in the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System with self-reported hypertension were examined (n=51,063). Multivariable logistic regression analysis controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, insurance status, body mass index, alcohol use, self-reported general health and survey design were conducted to examine the association between smoking status (never, former, or current) and receipt of hypertension control advice.


RESULTS
After controlling for potential confounders, being a current smoker was significantly associated with lower odds of receiving advice to lower salt intake (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR, 0.91 [95% confidence interval=0.84-0.99]), exercise (AOR 0.89 [0.80-0.98]), and to take hypertensive medication (AOR 0.80 [0.66-0.98]) compared to never smokers. However, hypertensive smokers had greater odds of receiving advice to reduce alcohol consumption (AOR 1.23 [1.10-1.45]).


CONCLUSIONS
Although healthcare providers are in an optimal position to provide patient education to improve BP control, hypertensive smokers may be less likely to receive important BP control lifestyle modification messages from their healthcare provider than non-smokers.
Caban-Martinez
Alberto J
AJ
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA. acaban@med.miami.edu
Davila
Evelyn P
EP
Zhao
Wei
W
Arheart
Kristopher
K
Hooper
Monica Webb
MW
Byrne
Margaret
M
Messiah
Antoine
A
Dietz
Noella
N
Huang
Youjie
Y
Fleming
Lora E
LE
Lee
David J
DJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents