title: An enhanced thirteen-week bioassay as an alternative for screening for carcinogenesis factors.
abstract: Utilizing basic concepts of chemical carcinogenesis and the human relevance framework based on mode of action analysis of animal carcinogens, an alternative is proposed for the two-year bioassay for screening chemicals for potential carcinogenic risk in humans. This model includes short-term screening of chemicals for DNA reactivity, immunosuppressive and, estrogenic activity, and potential increased cell proliferation. Follow-up studies can provide detailed information with regard to dose response and mode of action, with a detailed evaluation of potential relevance to humans. It is no longer appropriate to continue performing two year rodent bioassays.
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3135, USA. scohen@unmc.edu
authors.forename: Samuel M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012377:Rodentia; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004247:DNA