title: Language sampling: does the length of the transcript matter?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Language sample analysis is considered by many to be the gold standard for documenting children's oral language skills. One limitation, however, is the time required for collection and transcription of language samples. The goal of this study was to determine if stable language sample measures could be generated using relatively short language samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures were generated from children's conversational and narrative language samples after they were broken into three lengths (1-, 3-, and 7-min samples). The measures were compared to determine the stability of measures from the short samples (1 and 3 min) when compared to measures from the long sample (7 min). The measures were further analyzed to determine if differences across transcript cuts varied as a function of age group (2;8 [years;months]-5;11 vs. 6;0-13;3) or sampling context (conversation vs. narrative).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the language sample measures were quite consistent across the transcript cuts. Measures of productivity, lexical diversity, and utterance length were the most reliable when short samples were used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implications for the efficient use of language sample analysis in clinical protocols are discussed. A framework for eliciting reliable short samples is provided.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA. heilmanj@uwm.edu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heilmann
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nockerts
authors.forename: Jon F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000379:methods*