title: Trimethoprim-induced immune hemolytic anemia in a pediatric oncology patient presenting as an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction.
abstract: A 10-year-old male with acute leukemia presented with post-chemotherapy anemia. During red cell transfusion, he developed hemoglobinuria. Transfusion reaction workup was negative. Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia was suspected because of positive direct antiglobulin test, negative eluate, and microspherocytes on smear pre- and post-transfusion. Drug studies using the indirect antiglobulin test were strongly positive with trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but negative with sulfamethoxazole. The patient recovered after discontinuing the drug, with no recurrence in 2 years. Other causes of anemia should be considered in patients with worse-than-expected anemia after chemotherapy. Furthermore, hemolysis during transfusion is not always a transfusion reaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (Hematology/Oncology), Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Sweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Cindy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Piefer
authors.forename: Judy T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Fueger
authors.forename: Susan T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Rowena C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Punzalan
mesh_terms: D000743:Anemia, Hemolytic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications*; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D014295:Trimethoprim