Female voiding postures and their effects on micturition.
OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the effect of sitting and non-sitting postures on uroflowmetric parameters and postvoid residual urine (PVR) and women's preferred voiding posture.


METHODS
Female university students (N = 45) voided on a modified sitting-type toilet in three postures: sitting, semi-squatting, and crouching over. Data on uroflowmetric measures were collected using a weight transducer urodynamic device and PVR was estimated by transabdominal ultrasound.


RESULTS
Voiding in the three postures did not differ in terms of PVR and five of six uroflowmetric outcomes. However, "delay time to void" was significantly longer while semi-squatting than while sitting and crouching over. Furthermore, 51.1% of women had bell-shaped urinary flow curves while sitting, whereas only 22.2% and 17.8% did while semi-squatting and crouching over, respectively. Most women (88.9%) preferred a non-sitting posture when using a public sitting-type toilet.


CONCLUSIONS
Women's preferred non-sitting void posture on public sitting-type toilet should be a concern.
Yang
Kai-Ning
KN
Bureau Public Health, Yunlin County, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Chen
Shu-Chen
SC
Chen
Shu-Yueh
SY
Chang
Chao-Hsiang
CH
Wu
Hsi-Chin
HC
Chou
Eric Chieh-Lung
EC
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*; D014563:Urodynamics; D055815:Young Adult