title: Cadmium chloride alters mRNA levels of angiogenesis related genes in primary human endometrial endothelial cells grown in vitro.
abstract: Cadmium, is known to cause adverse reproductive effects, and classified as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). Human endometrial endothelial cells (HEEC) have a key role in the regulation of endometrial angiogenesis. These cells are known to express estrogen receptors, a feature that makes them potential targets for EDCs such as cadmium. We have designed a co-culture system, in which HEEC were grown in the same cell culture medium as endometrial stromal cells but in separate, communicating chambers. With quantitative PCR, we investigated changes in mRNA expression of genes associated with angiogenesis, sex steroids and endothelial cell specific functions. We found that cadmium altered the mRNA expression of the two important angiogenic molecules VEGF-A and PLGF. Cadmium might thus affect endometrial angiogenesis and as a consequence cause endometrial dysfunction with an increased risk for fertility problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. Malin.Helmestam@kbh.uu.se
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helmestam
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stavreus-Evers
authors.forename: Matts
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olovsson
mesh_terms: D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000235:genetics*; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; C000608036:PGF protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D019256:Cadmium Chloride