title: Quantifying the benefit of a pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of esophageal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better define the benefit of a pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of esophageal and gastroesophageal cancer, we undertook a comprehensive review of the literature to derive a pooled analysis of crude survival data and quantify the survival benefit of pCR vs. residual disease at esophagectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 22 articles were reviewed. Crude overall survival data, stratified by patients with pCR vs. those with residual disease at esophagectomy, were collected and analyzed using a chi-square analysis. The relative and absolute survival benefit of achieving a pCR were calculated and analyzed. Finally, stratified median survival times were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall survival for patients with pCR was 93.1%, 75.0%, and 50.0% at 2, 3, and 5 years, respectively, whereas it was 36.8%, 29.0%, and 22.6% for patients with residual tumor (p < 0.025). The mean relative survival benefit of pCR at 2, 3, and 5 years was 2.05, 2.35, and 2.84, respectively. The mean absolute survival benefit of pCR was 35.66%, 33.79%, and 33.20%, respectively. Median survival times for patients with pCR were significantly longer than for those with residual tumor (p = 0.011).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In esophageal and gastroesophageal cancers, pCR seems to significantly increase overall survival in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Specifically, the data suggest that patients with pCR are two to three times more likely to survive than are those with residual tumor at esophagectomy. Moreover, these data suggest that 33-36% more patients survive when pCR is achieved than when it is not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Richard V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Scheer
authors.forename: Achilles J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fakiris
authors.forename: Peter A S
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Johnstone
mesh_terms: D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D012074:Remission Induction / Q000379:methods; D016019:Survival Analysis