title: Soil monitoring of pentachlorophenol by bioavailability and ecotoxicity measurements.
abstract: Several approaches to monitor the bioavailability and ecotoxicity of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in sterile and non sterile soils as a function of aging are reported. Porapak resins and water were used to assess the bioaccessibility and the bioavailability of PCP in soil. Aging effects were observed mainly after 240 d of aging. Actual bioavailability, measured as PCP bioaccumulation in earthworms, decreased more markedly with time. The ecotoxicological biomarker neutral red retention time (NRRT) displayed a dose dependent effect but no aging effects after exposing the earthworms to polluted soils. Nevertheless, mortality of earthworms increased after 240 d at 150 mg kg(-1) contamination. In contrast, the luminescent biosensor Pseudomonas fluorescens pUCD607 evidenced in non sterilized samples a slight reduction of ecotoxicity in time related to the degradation of the molecule. Once again, results highlight the necessity to study the fate of soil pollutants with different chemical and biological approaches. Different PCP degradation pathways and/or the different sensitivity of earthworms and bacteria could explain the different behaviours observed.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia e Chimica Agroforestale ed Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Bari, via Amendola 165/a, 70126, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spagnuolo
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puglisi
authors.forename: Pasqua
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vernile
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bari
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Lillo
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trevisan
authors.forename: Pacifico
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruggiero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010416:Pentachlorophenol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D010416:Pentachlorophenol