title: Treatment results and prognostic factors in primary thyroid lymphoma patients: a rare cancer network study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  this study analyzed prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of primary thyroid lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  data were retrospectively collected for 87 patients (53 stage I and 34 stage II) with median age 65 years. Fifty-two patients were treated with single modality (31 with chemotherapy alone and 21 with radiotherapy alone) and 35 with combined modality treatment. Median follow-up was 51 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sixty patients had aggressive lymphoma and 27 had indolent lymphoma. The 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were 74% and 71%, respectively, and the disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 68% and 64%. Univariate analysis revealed that age, tumor size, stage, lymph node involvement, B symptoms, and treatment modality were prognostic factors for OS, DFS, and local control (LC). Patients with thyroiditis had significantly better LC rates. In multivariate analysis, OS was influenced by age, B symptoms, lymph node involvement, and tumor size, whereas DFS and LC were influenced by B symptoms and tumor size. Compared with single modality treatment, patients treated with combined modality had better 5-year OS, DFS, and LC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  combined modality leads to an excellent prognosis for patients with aggressive lymphoma but does not improve OS and LC in patients with indolent lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey. Electronic address: hcemonal@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Onal
authors.affiliation: Cancer Hospital/Institute, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute Verbeeten, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poortmans
authors.affiliation: The Hematology Clinic, Theagenion Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Constantinou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Atasoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Igdem
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozsahin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozyar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult