title: Dichotomy in NF-kappaB signaling and chemoresistance in immunoglobulin variable heavy-chain-mutated versus unmutated CLL cells upon CD40/TLR9 triggering.
abstract: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells circulating in peripheral blood (PB) differ from the leukemic fraction in lymph nodes (LNs) with respect to cell division and drug sensitivity. CD40 stimulation of PB CLL cells in vitro results in chemoresistance and provides a partial model for the LN microenvironment. The TLR9 ligand CpG induces proliferation in immunoglobulin variable heavy-chain-unmutated CLL, but apoptosis in immunoglobulin variable heavy-chain-mutated CLL. To juxtapose proliferative with antiapoptotic signals, we investigated the effects of CpG in the context of CD40 ligation in mutated versus unmutated CLL cells in this study. Prolonged CD40 ligation induced classical, followed by alternative nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), activity in both subgroups, correlating with enhanced Bfl-1 and Bcl-X(L) levels, respectively. A dichotomy in NF-kappaB signaling occurred on combined CD40/TLR9 triggering. This induced declining p52 and Bcl-X(L) levels, and reversed chemoresistance only in mutated cells, whereas unmutated cells proliferated, maintained p52 and Bcl-X(L) and remained chemoresistant. The pivotal contribution of Bcl-X(L) to chemoresistance was shown by the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 and RNA interference. Finally, in ex vivo LN samples, p52, p65 and Bcl-X(L) levels were highly expressed, corroborating the in vitro findings. Thus, a distinction in NF-kappaB activation and drug susceptibility in mutated versus unmutated (LN-like) CLL cells was uncovered, which was causally linked to Bcl-X(L) levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.m.tromp@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tromp
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tonino
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaspers
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Luijks
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kater
authors.forename: R A W
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: van Lier
authors.forename: M H J
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: van Oers
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eldering
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000235:genetics; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology*; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C501332:ABT-737; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D019013:CD40 Antigens; C513533:CpG ODN 2006; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009596:Nitrophenols; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010879:Piperazines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D023201:CD40 Ligand