title: Comparison of two protocols for maxillary protraction: bone anchors versus face mask with rapid maxillary expansion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the active treatment effects for maxillary advancement induced by bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) and the active treatment effects for face mask in association with rapid maxillary expansion (RME/FM).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a study on consecutively treated patients. The changes in dentoskeletal cephalometric variables from start of treatment (T1) to end of active treatment (T2) with an average T1-T2 interval of about 1 year were contrasted in a BAMP sample of 21 subjects with a RME/FM sample of 34 patients. All subjects were prepubertal at T1. Statistical comparison was performed with t-tests for independent samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BAMP protocol produced significantly larger maxillary advancement than the RME/FM therapy (with a difference of 2 mm to 3 mm). Mandibular sagittal changes were similar, while vertical changes were better controlled with BAMP. The sagittal intermaxillary relationships improved 2.5 mm more in the BAMP patients. Additional favorable outcomes of BAMP treatment were the lack of clockwise rotation of the mandible as well as a lack of retroclination of the lower incisors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypothesis is rejected. The BAMP protocol produced significantly larger maxillary advancement than the RME/FM therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cevidanes
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baccetti
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: De Clerck
mesh_terms: D001860:Bone Plates; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology*; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012399:Rotation; D019291:Skull Base / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014716:Vertical Dimension