RETRACTED: The importance of regulation of blood glucose levels through activation of peripheral 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase on ischemic neuronal damage.
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).

This article has been retracted at the request of Authors following an investigation into data manipulation (Figures 1 and 2) by an Investigation Committee at Kobe Gakuin University.

Namely:

Figure 1 - multiple numbers of the original raw data were changed and thus the significant difference illustrated in the published article was not obtained.

Figure 2 - there was numerical disagreement found in some parts between the raw data and the published article data and thus the significant difference illustrated in the published article was not obtained.
Harada
Shinichi
S
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Japan.
Fujita-Hamabe
Wakako
W
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Japan.
Tokuyama
Shogo
S
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Japan. Electronic address: stoku@pharm.kobegakuin.ac.jp.
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D008687:Metformin; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases