title: Trigeminal nucleus caudalis anatomy: guidance for radiofrequency dorsal root entry zone lesioning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study seeks to improve the accuracy of trigeminal nucleus caudalis dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) radiofrequency lesioning by quantifying the size and orientation of the nucleus caudalis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using serial axial photographs of 6 formalin-fixed cadaver brainstems, digital nucleus caudalis measurements were taken at 1-mm intervals from the level of the obex to the C(2) dorsal nerve roots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the obex to the C(2) dorsal nerve roots, the nucleus caudalis decreases in width (from 2.6 ± 0.2 to 1.0 ± 0.3 mm) and, excluding superficial tract thickness, decreases in axial nucleus depth (from 2.4 ± 0.3 to 1.7 ± 0.2 mm). At levels between the obex and 10 mm caudal to the obex, the accessory nerve rootlets exit the brainstem at the junction of the spinal trigeminal tract and the dorsal spinocerebellar tract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study details the anatomic dimensions and orientation of the nucleus caudalis for surgeons who perform DREZ lesioning.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. sesand03@louisville.edu
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Sandwell
authors.forename: Amr O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: El-Naggar
authors.forename: G Stephen
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Nettleton
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Acland
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D014275:Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery