title: Wild-type MIC distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for the triazoles and six Aspergillus spp. for the CLSI broth microdilution method (M38-A2 document).
abstract: Clinical breakpoints have not been established for mold testing. Wild-type (WT) MIC distributions (organisms in a species/drug combination with no detectable acquired resistance mechanisms) were defined in order to establish epidemiologic cutoff values (ECVs) for five Aspergillus spp. and itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole. Also, we have expanded prior ECV data for Aspergillus fumigatus. The number of available isolates varied according to the species/triazole combination as follows: 1,684 to 2,815 for A. fumigatus, 323 to 592 for A. flavus, 131 to 143 for A. nidulans, 366 to 520 for A. niger, 330 to 462 for A. terreus, and 45 to 84 for A. versicolor. CLSI broth microdilution MIC data gathered in five independent laboratories in Europe and the United States were aggregated for the analyses. ECVs expressed in microg/ml were as follows (percentages of isolates for which MICs were equal to or less than the ECV are in parentheses): A. fumigatus, itraconazole, 1 (98.8%); posaconazole, 0.5 (99.2%); voriconazole, 1 (97.7%); A. flavus, itraconazole, 1 (99.6%); posaconazole, 0.25 (95%); voriconazole, 1 (98.1%); A. nidulans, itraconazole, 1 (95%); posaconazole, 1 (97.7%); voriconazole, 2 (99.3%); A. niger, itraconazole, 2 (100%); posaconazole, 0.5 (96.9%); voriconazole, 2 (99.4%); A. terreus, itraconazole, 1 (100%); posaconazole, 0.5 (99.7%); voriconazole, 1 (99.1%); A. versicolor, itraconazole, 2 (100%); posaconazole, 1 (not applicable); voriconazole, 2 (97.5%). Although ECVs do not predict therapy outcome as clinical breakpoints do, they may aid in detection of azole resistance (non-WT MIC) due to cyp51A mutations, a resistance mechanism in some Aspergillus spp. These ECVs should be considered for inclusion in the future CLSI M38-A2 document revision.
authors.affiliation: VCU Medical Center, 3804 Dover Rd., Richmond, VA 23221, USA. avingrof@vcu.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espinel-Ingroff
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Diekema
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fothergill
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pelaez
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pfaller
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Turnidge
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000382:microbiology; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014481:United States; D065819:Voriconazole
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014230:Triazoles; D017964:Itraconazole; C101425:posaconazole; D065819:Voriconazole