title: MicroRNA-221 regulates chondrogenic differentiation through promoting proteosomal degradation of slug by targeting Mdm2.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that fulfill diverse functions by negatively regulating gene expression. Here, we investigated the involvement of miRNAs in the chondrogenic differentiation of chick limb mesenchymal cells and found that the expression of miR-221 increased upon chondrogenic inhibition. Blockade of miR-221 via peanut agglutinin-based antisense oligonucleotides reversed the chondro-inhibitory actions of a JNK inhibitor on the proliferation and migration of chondrogenic progenitors as well as the formation of precartilage condensations. We determined that mdm2 is a relevant target of miR-221 during chondrogenesis. miR-221 was necessary and sufficient to down-regulate Mdm2 expression, and this down-modulation of Mdm2 by miR-221 prevented the degradation of (and consequently up-regulated) the Slug protein, which negatively regulates the proliferation of chondroprogenitors. These results indicate that miR-221 contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation by negatively regulating Mdm2 and thereby inhibiting Slug degradation during the chondrogenesis of chick limb mesenchymal cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Dongkyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Jinsoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea. Electronic address: jineunjung@wku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex