Mixed polybrominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in stack gas emissions from industrial thermal processes.
Very little is known about mixed polybrominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBCDD/F) in industrial thermal processes. In this study, the occurrences and characteristics of PBCDD/F from various incineration and metallurgical processes were investigated. In addition, PBCDD/F analytical protocols based on HRGC/HRMS were developed and optimized. The sum of isomer group concentrations ranged from 1.7-3740 pmol Nm(-3) for PBCDF and 0.2-582 pmol Nm(-3) for PBCDD. For some metallurgical industries, the amounts of PBDD/F and PBCDD/F emitted were similar to or even higher than the amounts of PCDD/F. The sources of bromine and brominated-precursors in these processes should be evaluated. The PBCDD/F characteristics investigated included isomer group patterns, ratio of bromine and chlorine incorporated in PBCDD/F, and ratio of halogenated furans to dioxins. Lower brominated PBCDD/F were binomially distributed. But in some cases, the concentrations of higher brominated PBCDD/F were much higher than predicted from the binomial distribution. The formation mechanisms of PBDD/F, PBCDD/F, and PCDD/F in these processes were also evaluated.
Du
Bing
B
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China.
Zheng
Minghui
M
Huang
Yeru
Y
Liu
Aimin
A
Tian
Honghai
H
Li
Lingling
L
Li
Nan
N
Ba
Te
T
Li
Yuwu
Y
Dong
Shuping
S
Liu
Wenbin
W
Su
Guijin
G
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis*; D017745:Incineration; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis
D000393:Air Pollutants; D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins