title: Spontaneous pneumothorax as an atypical presentation of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis: a case report with emphasis on the imaging findings.
abstract: We describe the case of a 45-year-old male with pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis and spontaneous pneumothorax. The patient presented to the hospital with sudden and intense chest pain accompanied by dyspnea and had a six-month history of dry cough, weight loss, and progressive dyspnea on exertion. Chest X-ray showed a small right pneumothorax, bilateral nonhomogeneous opacities, and emphysematous areas in the lung base. Chest computed tomography showed consolidation in both lungs, with architectural distortion, nodules, interlobular septal thickening, and emphysema, in addition to the right pneumothorax. A lung biopsy revealed yeast consistent with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. No drainage was needed, and the lung was re-expanded. The patient was treated with antifungal drugs, showed mild improvement, and was referred to outpatient care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, CEP 21941.913 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Leite
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marchiori
authors.forename: Gláucia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zanetti
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abdalla
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: Carolina Pesce Lamas
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Constantino
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Canellas
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muccillo
authors.forename: Romulo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Varella de Oliveira