title: Abnormal visual habituation in pediatric photosensitive epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate visual habituation - a measure of visual cortical excitability - in photosensitive patients in pediatric age and compare the findings with a matched sample with idiopathic generalized epilepsies without photosensitivity and with normally developing children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We presented a full-field black-and-white checkerboard pattern, at 3 reversal/s with 100% contrast binocularly for 600 consecutive trials and measured the N75-P100 and P100-N145 pattern-reversal visual evoked potential inter-peak amplitudes and N75, P100, N145 latencies for the six blocks of 100 responses. As a measure of habituation we used the slope of the linear regression line of the N75-P100 and P100-N145 peak-to-peak amplitudes. The slope of the linear regression line of the N75-P100 and P100-N145 latencies was also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the three groups in the slope index of N75-P100 PR-VEP amplitude, with increased or constant amplitude in the PS group compare to the IGE and ND across the six blocks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the notion that photosensitivity is associated with altered control of excitatory and inhibitory cortical processes. The causal relationship between habituation deficit and photo-paroxysmal response needs to be further investigated with longitudinal studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the hypothesis that suppression of PR-VEP is a sensitive intermediate phenotype, which discriminates patients with photosensitivity from those with generalized epilepsies in pediatric age.
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Health Sciences, Wellcome Laboratory for MEG Studies, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brazzo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bill
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fasce
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papalia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Veggiotti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D020195:Epilepsy, Reflex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*