title: A prospective study of contraceptive use among African women in HIV-1 serodiscordant partnerships.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dual contraception is important for averting HIV-1 transmission, unintended pregnancy, and maternal-to-child HIV-1 transmission. Few studies have explored contraceptive use in HIV-1 serodiscordant couples, a population at high risk for HIV-1 transmission.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a prospective study of 3407 women in HIV-1 heterosexual serodiscordant partnerships were analyzed to describe use and correlates of contraception.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 2298 HIV-1 seropositive women, 23.5% used contraception at enrollment and 30.2% used contraception after 24 months of follow-up; among 1109 HIV-1 seronegative women, contraceptive use decreased from 21.3% to 14.2%. For both HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative women, contraceptive use was less common among women from East Africa compared to women from southern Africa (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-0.8 and AOR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4-0.8, respectively) and more common among women with at least one child (AOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7-3.4 and AOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2-4.5, respectively). Condom use increased significantly during follow-up from 71.2% to 92.6% and 73.5% to 95.6% among HIV-1 seropositive and HIV-1 seronegative women, respectively, at baseline and 24 months. However, contraceptive use was associated with unprotected sexual activity among both HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative women (AOR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5 and AOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8, respectively), although not among women who initiated contraception during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Counseling and provision of dual contraception should receive high priority in programs that care for women in HIV-1 serodiscordant partnerships.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. rheffron@uw.edu
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heffron
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Were
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celum
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mugo
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ngure
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kiarie
authors.forename: Jared M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baeten
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa; D000351:Africa, Eastern; D000353:Africa, Southern; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003270:Contraceptive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D015497:HIV-1; D020010:Heterosexuality; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D021841:Safe Sex / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012747:Sexual Partners
chemical_list: D003270:Contraceptive Agents